1
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Engel ER, Le Cras TD, Ricci KW. How we use angiopoietin-2 in the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30921. [PMID: 38439088 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The diagnosis of vascular anomalies remains challenging due to significant clinical heterogeneity and uncertain etiology. Evaluation using biopsy and/or genetic testing for somatic variants is invasive, expensive, and prone to sampling error. There is great need for noninvasive and easily measured blood laboratory biomarkers that can aid not only in diagnosis, but also management of treatments for vascular anomalies. Angiopoietin-2, a circulating blood angiogenic factor, is highly elevated in patients with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon and kaposiform lymphangiomatosis. Here, we describe our clinical experience using serum angiopoietin-2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa R Engel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy D Le Cras
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kiersten W Ricci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Hematology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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2
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Ichiki T, Yamada Y, Ito T, Nakahara T, Nakashima Y, Nakamura M, Yoshizumi T, Shiose A, Akashi K, Oda Y. Histological and immunohistochemical prognostic factors of primary angiosarcoma. Virchows Arch 2023:10.1007/s00428-023-03572-z. [PMID: 37261506 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03572-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a malignant vascular endothelial neoplasm with various histological patterns. Despite its highly malignant potential, histological prognostic prediction has not been adopted for angiosarcoma. This study aimed to establish a method of predicting the prognosis of primary angiosarcoma. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from 104 primary angiosarcomas were prepared. All the cases were reviewed based on histological examinations with H&E staining. Because the French Fédération Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre Le Cancer system (FNCLCC) is not adopted for angiosarcoma, we experimentally established a modified version of FNCLCC. Immunohistochemical staining for ERG, CD31, CD34, D2-40, HHV-8, p16, C-MYC, and p53 was performed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed for 31 cases to assay c-MYC gene amplification. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (> 70 years old) (p = 0.0011), non-cutaneous angiosarcoma (p = 0.0265), metastasis on diagnosis (p < 0.0001), size ≥ 5 cm (p = 0.0388), no taxane chemotherapy (p = 0.0388), strong nuclear atypia (p = 0.0087), and the presence of luminal structure in ≥ 50% of the tumor volume (p = 0.0009) were independent poor prognostic factors. Among angiosarcomas with luminal formation, mFNCLCC scores were significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis. The overexpression of p16 was associated with less luminal formation (p = 0.0192). Immunohistochemical analysis of C-MYC showed a moderate level of concordance with FISH (Kappa value = 0.45). This study suggested that luminal formation and nuclear atypia may be poor histological prognostic factors of angiosarcoma and that mFNCLCC would be useful for predicting the prognosis of angiosarcoma with luminal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ichiki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Shiose
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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3
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Akwii RG, Mikelis CM. Targeting the Angiopoietin/Tie Pathway: Prospects for Treatment of Retinal and Respiratory Disorders. Drugs 2021; 81:1731-1749. [PMID: 34586603 PMCID: PMC8479497 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic approaches have significantly advanced the treatment of vascular-related pathologies. The ephemeral outcome and known side effects of the current vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-based anti-angiogenic treatments have intensified research on other growth factors. The angiopoietin/Tie (Ang/Tie) family has an established role in vascular physiology and regulates angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and inflammatory responses. The Ang/Tie family consists of angiopoietins 1-4, their receptors, tie1 and 2 and the vascular endothelial-protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). Modulation of Tie2 activation has provided a promising outcome in preclinical models and has led to clinical trials of Ang/Tie-targeting drug candidates for retinal disorders. Although less is known about the role of Ang/Tie in pulmonary disorders, several studies have revealed great potential of the Ang/Tie family members as drug targets for pulmonary vascular disorders as well. In this review, we summarize the functions of the Ang/Tie pathway in retinal and pulmonary vascular physiology and relevant disorders and highlight promising drug candidates targeting this pathway currently being or expected to be under clinical evaluation for retinal and pulmonary vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal Grace Akwii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 S. Coulter St., Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Constantinos M Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1406 S. Coulter St., Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA.
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4
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Wongsuttawas S, Brikshavana P, Durongphongtorn S, Techangamsuwan S. Serum angiopoietin-2 levels in dogs with splenic haemangiosarcoma, haemangioma, and splenitis. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:55-66. [PMID: 33964126 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemangioma (HA) and haemangiosarcoma (HSA) are among the most common splenic neoplasms in dogs. The survival time in splenic HSA is short, probably due to the lack of proper biological markers allowing early detection. We investigated the serum angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) concentrations in 9 healthy dogs and 40 dogs with abnormal splenic masses. The Ang-2 concentration differences were further compared in healthy dogs, dogs with splenitis, splenic HA and HSA. The results showed that the Ang-2 level in healthy dogs was significantly lower than in the splenitis and splenic HA cases. Moreover, the Ang-2 level was significantly higher in splenic HA than in splenic HSA. Conversely, no significant differences in Ang-2 level were recorded between healthy and splenic HSA dogs, and between splenitis and splenic neoplasms (HA and HSA). No significant correlations were observed between the Ang-2 level and (i) the clinical stage, (ii) histological growth pattern, and (iii) median survival time of splenic HSA dogs. In conclusion, serum Ang-2 concentration is a potentially useful biological marker for the discrimination of dogs with splenitis and splenic HA, as well as for the differentiation of splenic HA from its malignant form, HSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supissara Wongsuttawas
- 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pasakorn Brikshavana
- 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sumit Durongphongtorn
- 1Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- 2Companion Animal Cancer Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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5
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Hagin D, Lahav D, Freund T, Shamai S, Brazowski E, Fishman S, Kurolap A, Baris Feldman H, Shohat M, Salomon O. Eculizumab-Responsive Adult Onset Protein Losing Enteropathy, Caused by Germline CD55-Deficiency and Complicated by Aggressive Angiosarcoma. J Clin Immunol 2020; 41:477-481. [PMID: 33215321 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-020-00910-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Hagin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine,, University of Tel Aviv, 6 Weizmann St, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Dror Lahav
- Internal Medicine Consultations, Internal Medicine Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tal Freund
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine,, University of Tel Aviv, 6 Weizmann St, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Shamai
- Department of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Brazowski
- The Institute of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sigal Fishman
- The Gastroenterology Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alina Kurolap
- The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hagit Baris Feldman
- The Genetics Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mordechai Shohat
- The Genomic Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ophira Salomon
- Institute of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Sheba Medical Center, and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, University of Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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6
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Chen TWW, Burns J, Jones RL, Huang PH. Optimal Clinical Management and the Molecular Biology of Angiosarcomas. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3321. [PMID: 33182685 PMCID: PMC7696056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas comprise less than 3% of all soft tissue sarcomas but have a poor prognosis. Most angiosarcomas occur without obvious risk factors but secondary angiosarcoma could arise after radiotherapy or chronic lymphedema. Surgery remains the standard treatment for localized angiosarcoma but neoadjuvant systemic treatment may improve the curability. For advanced angiosarcoma, anthracyclines and taxanes are the main chemotherapy options. Anti-angiogenic agents have a substantial role but the failure of a randomized phase 3 trial of pazopanib with or without an anti-endoglin antibody brings a challenge to future trials in angiosarcomas. Immune checkpoint inhibitors as single agents or in combination with oncolytic virus may play an important role but the optimal duration remains to be investigated. We also report the current understanding of the molecular pathways involved in angiosarcoma pathogenesis including MYC amplification, activation of angiogenic pathways and different molecular alterations that are associated with angiosarcomas of different aetiology. The success of the patient-partnered Angiosarcoma Project (ASCProject) has provided not only detailed insights into the molecular features of angiosarcomas of different origins but also offers a template for future fruitful collaborations between patients, physicians, and researchers. Lastly, we provide our perspective of future developments in optimizing the clinical management of angiosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wei-Wu Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Burns
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK;
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
| | - Paul H. Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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7
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Machado I, Giner F, Lavernia J, Cruz J, Traves V, Requena C, Llombart B, López-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Bosch A. Angiosarcomas: histology, immunohistochemistry and molecular insights with implications for differential diagnosis. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:3-18. [PMID: 32885407 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas (AS) represent a heterogenous group of tumors with variable clinical presentation. AS share an important morphologic and immunohistochemical overlap with other sarcomas, hence the differential diagnosis is challenging, especially in poorly-differentiated tumors. Although molecular studies provide significant clues, especially in the differential diagnosis with other vascular neoplasms, a thorough hematoxylin and eosin analysis remains an essential tool in AS diagnosis. In this review, we discuss pathological and molecular insights with emphasis on implications for differential diagnosis in cutaneous, breast, soft tissue and visceral AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidro Machado
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain.,Pathology Department, Hospital Quirón, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Giner
- Pathology Department, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Lavernia
- Department of Oncology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Cruz
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Traves
- Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Celia Requena
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Llombart
- Dermatology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain.,IVO-CIPF Joint Research Unit of Cancer, Príncipe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), Valencia, Spain.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Valencia 'San Vicente Mártir', Valencia, Spain
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8
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Olejarz W, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G, Chrzanowska A, Lorenc T. Exosomes in Angiogenesis and Anti-angiogenic Therapy in Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165840. [PMID: 32823989 PMCID: PMC7461570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the process through which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing ones. Exosomes are involved in angiogenesis in cancer progression by transporting numerous pro-angiogenic biomolecules like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and microRNAs. Exosomes promote angiogenesis by suppressing expression of factor-inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Uptake of tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) by normal endothelial cells activates angiogenic signaling pathways in endothelial cells and stimulates new vessel formation. TEX-driven cross-talk of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with immune cells blocks their anti-tumor activity. Effective inhibition of tumor angiogenesis may arrest tumor progression. Bevacizumab, a VEGF-specific antibody, was the first antiangiogenic agent to enter the clinic. The most important clinical problem associated with cancer therapy using VEGF- or VEFGR-targeting agents is drug resistance. Combined strategies based on angiogenesis inhibitors and immunotherapy effectively enhances therapies in various cancers, but effective treatment requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Olejarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kubiak-Tomaszewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (W.O.); (G.K.-T.)
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alicja Chrzanowska
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Lorenc
- 1st Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-502-1073
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9
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Wainsztein VE, Chen TW. When Molecular-Targeted Agents Meet Immunotherapy: The Opportunities for Soft Tissue Sarcoma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2020; 3:69-82. [PMID: 36751522 PMCID: PMC9179404 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-19-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) account for less than 1% of adult cancers with a median overall survival of 12 months in the metastatic setting. Although chemotherapy remains the standard of treatment for advanced disease, molecular targeted agents (MTAs) and immunotherapies are under intensive investigation in STS. The success of MTAs comes mainly from antiangiogenic agents in various STS subtypes, from colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor inhibitor in tenosynovial giant cell tumor and neurotrophic tropomyocin receptor kinase (NTRK) inhibitors while others, such as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4 inhibitors, remain under evaluation. In advanced STS the activity of single-agent immunotherapy was not paradigm-changing as in other tumor types. A better understanding of tumor microenvironment, the immunogenic properties of MTAs, and finding an optimal treatment combination to improve patients outcomes became a central topic of research and discussion. Furthermore, the development and incorporation of transcriptomic profiling-based classification will allow identification, refined patient selection, and guided-treatment assignment. This article reviewed recent advances in STS treatment in MTAs and immunotherapy, strategies to overcome resistance, and outcomes of combination treatments in different STS subtypes. Promising preliminary results from combination strategies have shed light on STS treatment. The increasing understanding of this heterogeneous group of tumors and its microenvironment biology may help develop and guide treatment strategies with MTA and immunotherapies, alone or in combination, in a tailored way based on predictive and validated biomarkers and tumor molecular profiling in this new coming era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom W. Chen
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
,Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Weidema M, Versleijen-Jonkers Y, Flucke U, Desar I, van der Graaf W. Targeting angiosarcomas of the soft tissues: A challenging effort in a heterogeneous and rare disease. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 138:120-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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11
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König M, Nentwig A, Marti E, Mirkovitch J, Adamik KN, Schuller S. Evaluation of plasma angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 33:569-577. [PMID: 30575998 PMCID: PMC6430886 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are regulators of endothelial permeability. Objective Plasma concentrations of Ang‐2 and VEGF are increased in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis and are correlated with disease severity and outcome. Animals Healthy dogs (n = 18) and client‐owned dogs with SIRS (n = 34) or sepsis (n = 25). Methods Prospective observational study. Ang‐2 and VEGF concentrations in admission plasma samples were compared between healthy dogs and dogs with SIRS or sepsis, and between survivors and non‐survivors. Correlations with the acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation (APPLEfast) disease severity score were examined. Results Median Ang‐2 was significantly higher in dogs with SIRS (19.3; interquartile range [IQR]: 8.6‐25.7 ng/mL) and sepsis (21.2; IQR: 10.3‐30.1 ng/mL) compared to healthy dogs (7.6; IQR: 6.7‐9.8 ng/mL). Ang‐2 was significantly higher in non‐survivors (24.1; IQR: 11.9‐50.0 ng/mL) than survivors (10.2; IQR: 7.2‐21.5 ng/mL) but did not correlate with the APPLEfast score. Admission Ang‐2 predicted negative outcome in dogs with SIRS and sepsis with reasonable accuracy (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.75, confidence interval [CI]: 0.59‐0.85; sensitivity: 0.5, CI: 0.29‐0.71; specificity: 0.87, CI: 0.75‐0.95); differentiation between sepsis and SIRS was poor (AUC: 0.58). Plasma VEGF was significantly higher in dogs with sepsis (45; IQR: 14‐107.5 pg/mL) than in dogs with SIRS (3.3; IQR: 0‐35.6 pg/mL) or healthy dogs (0; IQR: 0 pg/mL; P = 0.008). VEGF was significantly (P = .0004) higher in non‐survivors (34.5; IQR: 0‐105.7 pg/mL) than in survivors (0; IQR: 0‐55.2 pg/mL). The ability of VEGF to predict a negative outcome was poor. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Ang‐2 may represent a useful additional prognostic marker in dogs with SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya König
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Eliane Marti
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jelena Mirkovitch
- Division of Experimental Clinical Research, Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health (DCR-VPH), Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja-Nicole Adamik
- Emergency and Critical Care Group, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuller
- Division of Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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12
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Kitajima D, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Miyamoto I, Kimura Y, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Evidence for critical role of Tie2/Ang1 interaction in metastatic oral cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7237-7242. [PMID: 29731883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) is a binding partner of endothelial cell-specific tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (Tie2), which serves important roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. Tie2 is closely associated with the metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) however, little is known about the correlation between Tie2 and Ang1. In the present study, the functional mechanisms of the Tie2/Ang1 interaction were investigated using Tie2 overexpressed (oeTie2) OSCC cells and recombinant Ang1 protein. oeTie2 cells had increased cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesions compared with the control cells. Additionally, the adhesive activities increased following treatment with exogenous Ang1, indicating that Ang1 directly enhances Tie2 functions. In the clinical OSCC data from 10 cases positive for regional lymph node metastasis, all cases were negative for Tie2 expression and eight cases (80%) were negative for Ang1 expression. These results suggest that Tie2 and Ang1 serve important roles in cancer metastasis and may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kitajima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Defense Medical College Hospital, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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13
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Wagner MJ, Ravi V, Menter DG, Sood AK. Endothelial cell malignancies: new insights from the laboratory and clinic. NPJ Precis Oncol 2017; 1:11. [PMID: 29872699 PMCID: PMC5859470 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-017-0013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell malignancies are rare in the Western world and range from intermediate grade hemangioendothelioma to Kaposi sarcoma to aggressive high-grade angiosarcoma that metastasize early and have a high rate of mortality. These malignancies are associated with dysregulation of normal endothelial cell signaling pathways, including the vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin, and Notch pathways. Discoveries over the past two decades related to mechanisms of angiogenesis have led to the development of many drugs that intuitively would be promising therapeutic candidates for these endothelial-derived tumors. However, clinical efficacy of such drugs has been limited. New insights into the mechanisms that lead to dysregulated angiogenesis such as mutation or amplification in known angiogenesis related genes, viral infection, and chromosomal translocations have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis of endothelial malignancies and how they evade anti-angiogenesis drugs. In this review, we describe the major molecular alterations in endothelial cell malignancies and consider emerging opportunities for improving therapeutic efficacy against these rare but deadly tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wagner
- 1Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Vinod Ravi
- 2Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - David G Menter
- 3Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- 4Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,5Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA.,6Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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14
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Shrestha S, Meyers C, Shen J, Giacomelli P, Scott MA, Soo C, Dry SM, Ting K, James AW. Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression in angiomyolipoma and PEComa family tumors. J Orthop 2017; 14:154-160. [PMID: 28053374 PMCID: PMC5196089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perivascular epithelioid cell tumors (PEComa) are an uncommon family of soft tissue tumors. Previously, we described that the presence of pericyte antigens among PEComa family tumors differs extensively by histologic appearance. METHODS Here, we extend our findings using the pericyte antigens Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), using immunohistochemical detection in human tumor samples. RESULTS While Ang-1 showed no expression across any PEComa family tumor, Ang-2 showed expression that like other pericyte markers was largely determined by cytologic appearance. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS Pericytic marker expression in PEComa may represent a true pericytic cell of origin, or alternatively aberrant pericyte marker adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Shrestha
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Carolyn Meyers
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jia Shen
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Chia Soo
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M. Dry
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kang Ting
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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15
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Shrestha S, Shen J, Giacomelli P, Scott MA, Soo C, Ting K, Péault B, Dry SM, James AW. Ang-2 but not Ang-1 expression in perivascular soft tissue tumors. J Orthop 2016; 14:147-153. [PMID: 27942190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular soft tissue tumors are relatively uncommon neoplasms of unclear line of differentiation, although most are presumed to originate from pericytes. Previously, we reported a shared immunophenotype across these related tumor types. Here, we extend these findings to examine the expression of the pericyte markers angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang-1 and -2) among perivascular soft tissue tumors. Results showed consistent Ang-2 but not Ang-1 expression across tumor types. In summary, the absence of Ang-1 expression distinguishes perivascular from vascular soft tissue tumors. Ang-2 expression is present across perivascular soft tissue tumors, with some variation between histologic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Shrestha
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jia Shen
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Paulina Giacomelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Chia Soo
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kang Ting
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bruno Péault
- Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JT, UK
| | - Sarah M Dry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Orthopedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21279, USA
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16
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Kitajima D, Kasamatsu A, Nakashima D, Miyamoto I, Kimura Y, Saito T, Suzuki T, Endo-Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H, Uzawa K. Tie2 Regulates Tumor Metastasis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas. J Cancer 2016; 7:600-7. [PMID: 27053959 PMCID: PMC4820737 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial-specific receptor, tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like loops and epidermal growth factor homology domains-2 (Tie2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase family and is ubiquitous in normal tissues; however, little is known about the mechanisms and roles of Tie2 in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). In the current study, we investigated the expression status of Tie2 in OSCCs by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry and the functional mechanisms of Tie2 using its overexpressed OSCC (oeTie2) cells and Tie2 blocking by its antibody. We found that Tie2 expression was down-regulated significantly (p < 0.05) in OSCCs compared with normal counterparts in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, oeTie2 cells showed higher cellular adhesion (p < 0.05) and lower cellular invasion (p < 0.05) compared with control cells; whereas there was similar cellular proliferation in both transfectants. Furthermore, cellular adhesion was inhibited and invasion was activated by Tie2 function-blocking antibody (p < 0.05), indicating that Tie2 directly regulates cellular adhesion and invasion. As expected, among the clinical variables analyzed, Tie2-positivity in patients with OSCC was correlated closely with negative lymph node metastasis. These results suggested for the first time that Tie2 plays an important role in tumor metastasis and may be a potential biomarker for OSCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kitajima
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Isao Miyamoto
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kimura
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | | | - Yosuke Endo-Sakamoto
- 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- 4. Department of Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Uzawa
- 1. Department of Oral Science Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;; 2. Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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17
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Yang P, Chen N, Jia JH, Gao XJ, Li SH, Cai J, Wang Z. Tie-1: A potential target for anti-angiogenesis therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 35:615-622. [PMID: 26489611 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-015-1479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase system angiopoietin (Ang)/Tie interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor pathway and regulates vessel quiescence in adults as well as later steps of the angiogenic cascade related to vessel maturation. Since all Angs are able to bind to Tie-2 but none binds to Tie-1, the function of Tie-2 and its ligands have captured attention. However, emerging evidence indicates unique roles of the orphan receptor Tie-1 in angiogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions. It is required for maintaining vascular endothelial cell integrity and survival during murine embryo development and in adult and may be involved in modulating differentiation of hematopoietic cells in adult. Tie-1 exhibits poor tyrosine kinase activity and signals via forming heterodimers with Tie-2, inhibiting Tie-2 signaling mediated by Angs. This inhibition can be relieved by Tie-1 ectodomain cleavage mediated by tumor- and inflammatory-related factors, which causes destabilization of vessels and initiates vessel remodeling. Up-regulated Tie-1 expression has been found not only in some leukemia cells and tumor related endothelial cells but also in cytoplasm of carcinoma cells of a variety of human solid tumors, which is associated with tumor progression. In addition, it has pro-inflammatory functions in endothelial cells and is involved in some inflammatory diseases associated with angiogenesis. Recent research indicated that Tie-1 gene ablation exhibited significant effects on tumor blood- and lymph-angiogenesis and improved anti-Ang therapy, suggesting Tie-1 may be a potential target for tumor anti-angiogenesis treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Angiopoietins/genetics
- Angiopoietins/metabolism
- Animals
- Embryo, Mammalian
- Embryonic Development/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Protein Binding
- Receptor, TIE-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, TIE-1/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-1/metabolism
- Receptor, TIE-2/genetics
- Receptor, TIE-2/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing-Hui Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shi-Han Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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18
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Smith SM, Coleman J, Bridge JA, Iwenofu OH. Molecular diagnostics in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. J Surg Oncol 2015; 111:520-31. [PMID: 25772665 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas are rare malignant heterogenous tumors of mesenchymal origin with over fifty subtypes. The use of hematoxylin and eosin stained sections (and immunohistochemistry) in the morphologic assessment of these tumors has been the bane of clinical diagnosis until recently. The last decade has witnessed considerable progress in the understanding and application of molecular techniques in refining the current understanding of soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors beyond the limits of traditional approaches. Indeed, the identification of reciprocal chromosomal translocations and fusion genes in some subsets of sarcomas with potential implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment has been revolutionary. The era of molecular targeted therapy presents a platform that continues to drive biomarker discovery and personalized medicine in soft tissue sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In this review, we highlight how the different molecular techniques have enhanced the diagnosis of these tumors with prognostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Smith
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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19
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Young RJ, Fernando M, Hughes D, Brown NJ, Woll PJ. Angiogenic growth factor expression in benign and malignant vascular tumours. Exp Mol Pathol 2014; 97:148-53. [PMID: 24984271 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare malignant vascular tumours. Angiosarcoma expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has previously been reported, but angiosarcoma expression of other angiogenic growth factors has not been systematically studied. Non-VEGF angiogenic growth factors are a potential mechanism of resistance to VEGF-targeted therapy, but they also represent potential therapeutic targets. Immunohistochemistry analysis evaluated the expression of 13 angiogenic growth factors and receptors in 27 separate benign and malignant archived human vascular tumour samples. The expression of 55 angiogenesis-related proteins was subsequently profiled in five fresh human angiosarcoma tumour samples using antibody arrays. Angiosarcomas expressed a variety of angiogenic growth factors. Significantly higher levels of Notch1 were detected compared with benign haemangiomas (p=0.033), but lower levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) compared to benign haemangiomas (p=0.07) and inflammatory vascular lesions (p=0.009). Vascular tumour expression of FGF receptor (FGFR)-1 correlated with angiopoietin (Ang)-2, Tie2, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Notch1 expression (p=0.001, p=0.001, p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). Notch1 also correlated with Tie2 expression (p=0.004). In conclusion, angiosarcomas express multiple angiogenic growth factors. Treatments could be targeted at individual angiogenic growth factors. However, our findings provide a rationale for combination therapy, or for treatments that target common downstream signalling intermediaries, such as Akt, mTOR or ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Young
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Rd, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK; Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Malee Fernando
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Rd, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - David Hughes
- Department of Histopathology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Glossop Rd, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK.
| | - Nicola J Brown
- Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, Medical School, Beech Hill Rd, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Penella J Woll
- Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Rd, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK.
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