1
|
Elkady N, Elgendy W, Badr MT, Aiad H, Samara M, Badr NM. Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of NCOA3, Maspin and VHL protein expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. Ann Diagn Pathol 2024; 73:152356. [PMID: 38901088 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2024.152356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal tumor with a high mortality rate. The distinction between PDAC and chronic pancreatitis is sometimes challenging on routine histopathological examination, highlighting the need to identify biomarkers that can facilitate this distinction. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic utility of nuclear receptor co-activator 3 (NCOA3), Maspin and Von Hippel-Lindau protein (VHL) immunostaining in PDAC. Eighty cases of PDAC, 46 cases of chronic pancreatitis and 53 normal pancreatic tissue were immunohistochemically assessed using NCOA3, Maspin and VHL antibodies on sections from a tissue microarray. NCOA3, Maspin and VHL were positive in 90 %, 100 % and 35 %, of PDAC cases respectively, whereas NCOA3, Maspin and VHL expressions were positive in 3.8 %, 0 and 100 % of normal pancreatic tissue and in 15.2 %, 21.7 % and 97.8 % of chronic pancreatitis cases respectively. Significant differences were observed between PDAC and other groups regarding NCOA3, Maspin and VHL expression (p < 0.001). The H scores of NCOA3, Maspin and VHL could significantly distinguish between PDAC and normal cases with high sensitivity (90 %, 100 % and 98.75 % respectively) and specificity (100 %, 100 % and 96.23 % respectively). Similar findings were found in the distinction between PDAC and chronic pancreatitis (Sensitivity: 90 %, 95.25 % and 98.75 %; specificity: 100 %, 100 % and 93.48 % for NCOA3, Maspin and VHL respectively). In conclusion, NCOA3 and Maspin were found to be significantly expressed in PDAC compared to non-tumorous tissue while VHL was significantly expressed in non-tumorous tissue. A panel of NCOA3, Maspin and VHL could potentially distinguish PDAC from non-tumorous pancreatic tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noha Elkady
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
| | - Walaa Elgendy
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | | - Hayam Aiad
- Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Manar Samara
- National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Waldron RT, Lugea A, Chang HH, Su HY, Quiros C, Lewis MS, Che M, Ramanujan VK, Rozengurt E, Eibl G, Pandol SJ. Upregulated Matrisomal Proteins and Extracellular Matrix Mechanosignaling Underlie Obesity-Associated Promotion of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1593. [PMID: 38672675 PMCID: PMC11048773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-induced obesity (DIO) promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in mice expressing KRasG12D in the pancreas (KC mice), but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we performed multiplex quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and further bioinformatic and spatial analysis of pancreas tissues from control-fed versus DIO KC mice after 3, 6, and 9 months. Normal pancreatic parenchyma and associated proteins were steadily eliminated and the novel proteins, phosphoproteins, and signaling pathways associated with PDAC tumorigenesis increased until 6 months, when most males exhibited cancer, but females did not. Differentially expressed proteins and phosphoproteins induced by DIO revealed the crucial functional role of matrisomal proteins, which implies the roles of upstream regulation by TGFβ, extracellular matrix-receptor signaling to downstream PI3K-Akt-mTOR-, MAPK-, and Yap/Taz activation, and crucial effects in the tumor microenvironment such as metabolic alterations and signaling crosstalk between immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor cells. Staining tissues from KC mice localized the expression of several prognostic PDAC biomarkers and elucidated tumorigenic features, such as robust macrophage infiltration, acinar-ductal metaplasia, mucinous PanIN, distinct nonmucinous atypical flat lesions (AFLs) surrounded by smooth muscle actin-positive CAFs, invasive tumors with epithelial-mesenchymal transition arising close to AFLs, and expanding deserted areas by 9 months. We next used Nanostring GeoMX to characterize the early spatial distribution of specific immune cell subtypes in distinct normal, stromal, and PanIN areas. Taken together, these data richly contextualize DIO promotion of Kras-driven PDAC tumorigenesis and provide many novel insights into the signaling pathways and processes involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Waldron
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hui-Hua Chang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hsin-Yuan Su
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Crystal Quiros
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michael S. Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, VA Greater Los Angeles Health System, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA;
| | - Mingtian Che
- Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - V. Krishnan Ramanujan
- Biobank and Research Pathology Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guido Eibl
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Usefulness of Adding Maspin Staining to p53 Staining for EUS-FNA Specimens of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206097. [PMID: 36294419 PMCID: PMC9605637 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly diagnostic, but it is difficult to distinguish from benign disease. Our objective was to determine the usefulness of maspin staining, in addition to conventional p53 staining, in the diagnosis of PDAC by EUS-FNA. Methods: Of the patients who underwent EUS-FNA and were diagnosed with PDAC, we retrospectively identified 90 cases in which both maspin and p53 staining were performed. In addition, we identified 28 cases of benign pancreatic disease diagnosed using EUS-FNA and these were selected as a control group. For analysis of EUS-FNA specimens, Cohen’s Kappa (κ) coefficient and the prevalence and bias adjusted Kappa statistic (PABAK) were applied to assess the significance of sensitivity and specificity, comparing p53, maspin, p53+maspin. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of p53 staining were 48.9% and 100%. The κ coefficient was 0.31 (95%CI 0.18−0.44) (p < 0.01) and the PABAK coefficient was 0.22 (95%CI 0.03−0.40). The results for maspin staining were 88.9% and 92.9%. The κ coefficient was 0.72 (95%CI 0.54−0.90) (p < 0.01) and the PABAK coefficient was 0.78 (95%CI 0.64−0.88). The results for the combination of maspin and p53 staining were 94.4% and 92.2%. The κ coefficient was 0.82 (95%CI 0.64−1.00) (p < 0.01) and the PABAK coefficient was 0.86 (95%CI 0.74−0.94). Conclusion: Adding maspin staining to p53 staining showed high sensitivity and specificity. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of their combined use that might contribute to the improvement of tissue diagnostic performance of PDAC by EUS-FNA.
Collapse
|
4
|
ElEsawy Y, Khaled E, Biomy B, Elsheikh S, El-Yasergy D. The Role of Maspin Expression as Diagnostic Tissue Marker in Pancreaticoduodenal Malignant Tumors and Benign Lesions. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maspin (a tumor suppressor gene) is down-regulated in breast, prostate, gastric, and melanoma. Although it is not detected in normal pancreatic tissue, it is over-expressed in pancreatic cancer suggesting that maspin may play different activities in different cell types. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PC) acquires maspin expression through hypomethylation of its promoter.
AIM: Because the discrimination between ampullary and periampullary carcinomas is challenging in advanced cases, this inspired us to search for the use of maspin expression to discriminate between ampullary carcinoma (AC), PC, duodenal adenocarcinoma (DC), and other confusing benign and inflammatory pancreatic lesions.
METHODS: Immunostaining for maspin was performed for 80 pancreaticoduodenal lesions. Sixty cases were malignant: 48 cases of pancreatic epithelial tumor (41 PC and 7 solid pseudopapillary neoplasm), 9 AC, and 3 DC. Twenty cases were non-malignant: 12 inflammatory (chronic pancreatitis), 5 benign neoplastic (serous cystadenomas), and 3 normal pancreatic tissue. Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear staining was considered positive as: Focally positive (5–50% of tumor cells), diffusely positive (>50% of tumor cells), or negative (<5% tumor cells).
RESULTS: Maspin expression (positive/negative), distribution (focal/diffuse), and nuclear expression are significantly different between PC, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, AC, and DC. PC shows significantly higher expression with more diffuse positivity and more nuclear expression than other malignant groups. Forty cases of PC (40/41) (97.6%) showed positive expression; 28 of them (28/40) (70%) showed diffuse expression and 82.5% (33 cases) showed nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. Only one case (14.3%) (1/7) of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm showed positive focal cytoplasmic expression. Three AC cases (3/9) (33.3%) showed positive focal cytoplasmic expression. Two cases of DC (2/3) (66.7%) showed positive focal cytoplasmic expression. Maspin expression shows significant positive correlation with poor prognostic variables as tumor grade, lymphovascular invasion, T stage of PC. Minority of chronic pancreatitis and benign lesions are maspin positive with significant difference from the malignant groups.
CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that maspin can be of value in differentiating pancreatic adenocarcinoma from ampullary carcinoma, duodenal adenocarcinoma, and other confusing lesions as chronic pancreatitis.
Collapse
|
5
|
PI3K-AKT, JAK2-STAT3 pathways and cell-cell contact regulate maspin subcellular localization. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:86. [PMID: 34391444 PMCID: PMC8364028 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maspin (SERPINB5) is a potential tumor suppressor gene with pleiotropic biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation, death, adhesion, migration and gene expression. Several studies indicate that nuclear localization is essential for maspin tumor suppression activity. We have previously shown that the EGFR activation leads to maspin nuclear localization in MCF-10A cells. The present study investigated which EGFR downstream signaling molecules are involved in maspin nuclear localization and explored a possible role of cell–cell contact in this process. Methods MCF-10A cells were treated with pharmacological inhibitors against EGFR downstream pathways followed by EGF treatment. Maspin subcellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence. Proteomic and interactome analyses were conducted to identify maspin-binding proteins in EGF-treated cells only. To investigate the role of cell–cell contact these cells were either treated with chelating agents or plated on different cell densities. Maspin and E-cadherin subcellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence. Results We found that PI3K-Akt and JAK2-STAT3, but not MAP kinase pathway, regulate EGF-induced maspin nuclear accumulation in MCF-10A cells. We observed that maspin is predominantly nuclear in sparse cell culture, but it is redistributed to the cytoplasm in confluent cells even in the presence of EGF. Proteomic and interactome results suggest a role of maspin on post-transcriptional and translation regulation, protein folding and cell–cell adhesion. Conclusions Maspin nuclear accumulation is determined by an interplay between EGFR (via PI3K-Akt and JAK2-STAT3 pathways) and cell–cell contact.![]() Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00758-3.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian C, Öhlund D, Rickelt S, Lidström T, Huang Y, Hao L, Zhao RT, Franklin O, Bhatia SN, Tuveson DA, Hynes RO. Cancer Cell-Derived Matrisome Proteins Promote Metastasis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1461-1474. [PMID: 32029550 PMCID: PMC7127978 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains poor despite decades of effort. The abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) in PDAC comprises a major fraction of the tumor mass and plays various roles in promoting resistance to therapies. However, nonselective depletion of ECM has led to poor patient outcomes. Consistent with that observation, we previously showed that individual matrisome proteins derived from stromal cells correlate with either long or short patient survival. In marked contrast, those derived from cancer cells correlate strongly with poor survival. Here, we studied three cancer cell-derived matrisome proteins that are significantly overrepresented during PDAC progression, AGRN (agrin), SERPINB5 (serine protease inhibitor B5), and CSTB (cystatin B). Using both overexpression and knockdown experiments, we demonstrate that all three are promoters of PDAC metastasis. Furthermore, these proteins operate at different metastatic steps. AGRN promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in primary tumors, whereas SERPINB5 and CSTB enhanced late steps in the metastatic cascade by elevating invadopodia formation and in vivo extravasation. All three genes were associated with a poor prognosis in human patients and high levels of SERPINB5, secreted by cancer cells and deposited in the ECM, correlated with poor patient prognosis. This study provides strong evidence that cancer cell-derived matrisome proteins can be causal in promoting tumorigenesis and metastasis and lead to poor patient survival. Therefore, compared with the bulk matrix, mostly made by stromal cells, precise interventions targeting cancer cell-derived matrisome proteins, such as AGRN, SERPINB5, and CSTB, may represent preferred potential therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides insights into the biological roles of cancer cell-derived matrisome proteins in PDAC and supports the notion that these proteins are protumorigenic and better therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Tian
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Öhlund
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steffen Rickelt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tommy Lidström
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ying Huang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Liangliang Hao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Renee T Zhao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Oskar Franklin
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | | | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma Y, Pu Y, Peng L, Luo X, Xu J, Peng Y, Tang X. Identification of potential hub genes associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics meta-analysis of multi-platform datasets. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:6741-6751. [PMID: 31807183 PMCID: PMC6876339 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant type of cancer with a low five-year survival rate. Gene alterations are crucial to the molecular pathogenesis of PDAC. Therefore, the present study analyzed gene expression profiles to reveal genes involved in the tumorigenesis of PDAC. A total of eight gene expression profiles (GSE15471, GSE16515, GSE41368, GSE62165, GSE62452, GSE71729, GSE71989 and GSE91035) and a PDAC dataset were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using functional annotation, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. A Cox proportional hazards model was then constructed and used to analyze the data. A total of 136 DEGs (67 up- and 69 downregulated genes) were identified between PDAC tissues and normal tissues. The ‘extracellular matrix-related’ genes were the most enriched in the GO term analysis. ‘Pancreatic secretion’, ‘phosphoinositide-3-kinase–protein kinase B/Akt (PI3K-Akt) signaling pathway’, ‘protein digestion and absorption’ and ‘ECM-receptor interaction’ were the most enriched categories in KEGG pathway analysis. Following PPI network construction, the 10 most significant genes [albumin, epidermal growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, epidermal growth factor receptor, fibronectin 1, MMP1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU) and PLAU receptor) exhibiting a high degree of connectivity, were identified as the hub genes likely to be associated with the pathogenesis of PDAC. In addition, a prognostic predictive system for PDAC, composed of five genes (laminin subunit γ 2, laminin subunit β 3, serpin family B member 5, amphiregulin and secreted frizzled related protein 4), was constructed. This was validated in the GSE62452 dataset (using 66 PDAC samples with outcome data) and TCGA PDAC dataset (using 146 PDAC samples with outcome data). In conclusion, the present study revealed potential hub genes involved in PDAC progression, providing directive significance for individualized clinical decision-making and molecular-targeting therapy in patients with PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Yinquan Pu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Xujuan Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646099, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo Q, Zhu L, Wang C, Wang S, Nie X, Liu J, Liu Q, Hao Y, Li X, Lin B. SERPIND1 Affects the Malignant Biological Behavior of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer via the PI3K/AKT Pathway: A Mechanistic Study. Front Oncol 2019; 9:954. [PMID: 31637210 PMCID: PMC6788328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serpin family D member 1 (SERPIND1) belongs to the serine protease inhibitor family. Its role in cancers has gradually attracted interest from researchers in recent years. However, the role of SERPIND1 in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer remains poorly understood. This studied aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of SERPIND1 in epithelial ovarian cancer, as well as its effect on the malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells and the related regulatory mechanisms. We found that SERPIND1 expression was significantly elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer. Patients with higher expression of SERPIND1 in ovarian cancer tissues had poor prognoses. SERPIND1 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion, G1-to-S phase transition, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer cells and inhibited their apoptosis by promoting phosphorylation in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. Meanwhile, the inhibition of SERPIND1 expression in ovarian cancer cells resulted in opposite effects. The addition of the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor LY294002 to SERPIND1-overexpressing cells could reverse the promoting effect of SERPIND1 on the malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Further, nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1, a transcription factor could bind to the promoter region of SERPIND1 and regulate SERPIND1 expression. In conclusion, our results indicated that SERPIND1 could be an effective marker for assessing the prognosis of ovarian cancer. By elucidating its mechanism underlying the promotion of malignant biological behavior of ovarian cancer by SERPIND1, we demonstrated that SERPIND1 could potentially serve as a novel drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mkaouar H, Akermi N, Kriaa A, Abraham AL, Jablaoui A, Soussou S, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine protease inhibitors and human wellbeing interplay: new insights for old friends. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7224. [PMID: 31531264 PMCID: PMC6718151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins) control tightly regulated physiological processes and their dysfunction is associated to various diseases. Thus, increasing interest is given to these proteins as new therapeutic targets. Several studies provided functional and structural data about human serpins. By comparison, only little knowledge regarding bacterial serpins exists. Through the emergence of metagenomic studies, many bacterial serpins were identified from numerous ecological niches including the human gut microbiota. The origin, distribution and function of these proteins remain to be established. In this report, we shed light on the key role of human and bacterial serpins in health and disease. Moreover, we analyze their function, phylogeny and ecological distribution. This review highlights the potential use of bacterial serpins to set out new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nizar Akermi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Amin Jablaoui
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Souha Soussou
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abandoning the Notion of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:585-594. [PMID: 31155338 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) represent 85% of lung tumors. NSCLCs encompass multiple cancer types, such as adenocarcinomas (LUADs), squamous cell cancers (LUSCs), and large cell cancers. Among them, LUADs and LUSCs are the largest NSCLC subgroups. LUADs and LUSCs appear sharply distinct at the transcriptomic level, as well as for cellular control networks. LUADs show distinct genetic drivers and divergent prognostic profiles versus LUSCs. Therapeutic clinical trials in NSCLC indicate differential LUAD versus LUSC response to treatments. Hence, LUAD and LUSC appear to be vastly distinct diseases at the molecular, pathological, and clinical level. Abandoning the notion of NSCLC may critically help in developing novel, more effective subtype-specific molecular alteration-targeted therapeutic procedures.
Collapse
|
11
|
Heymann JJ, Siddiqui MT. Ancillary Techniques in Cytologic Specimens Obtained from Solid Lesions of the Pancreas: A Review. Acta Cytol 2019; 64:103-123. [PMID: 30970350 DOI: 10.1159/000497153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Advanced methods of molecular characterization have elucidated the genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic alterations associated with the broad spectrum of pancreatic disease, particularly neoplasia. Next-generation sequencing, in particular, has revealed the genomic diversity among pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine and acinar tumors, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, and other pancreatico-biliary neoplasms. Differentiating these entities from one another by morphologic analysis alone may be challenging, especially when examining the small quantities of diagnostic material inherent to cytologic specimens. In order to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of pancreatic cytomorphology, multiple diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive ancillary tests have been and continue to be developed. Although a great number of such tests have been developed for evaluation of specimens collected from cystic lesions and strictures, ancillary techniques also play a significant role in the evaluation of cytologic specimens obtained from solid lesions of the pancreas. Furthermore, while some tests have been developed to differentiate diagnostic entities from one another, others have been developed to simply identify dysplasia and malignancy. Ancillary studies are particularly important in the subset of cases for which cytomorphologic analysis provides a result that is equivocal or insufficient to guide clinical management. Selection of appropriate ancillary testing modalities requires familiarity with both their methodology and the molecular basis of the pancreatic diseases for which testing is being performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas J Heymann
- Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA,
| | - Momin T Siddiqui
- Division of Cytopathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Misra S, Moro CF, Del Chiaro M, Pouso S, Sebestyén A, Löhr M, Björnstedt M, Verbeke CS. Ex vivo organotypic culture system of precision-cut slices of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2133. [PMID: 30765891 PMCID: PMC6376017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38603-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a poor prognosis, which is mainly due to late diagnosis and profound resistance to treatment. The latter is to a large extent attributed to the tumor stroma that is exceedingly prominent in PDAC and engages in complex interactions with the cancer cells. Hence, relevant preclinical models of PDAC should also include the tumor stroma. We herein describe the establishment and functional validation of an ex vivo organotypic culture of human PDAC that is based on precision-cut tissue slices from surgical specimens and reproducibly recapitulates the complex cellular and acellular composition of PDAC, including its microenvironment. The cancer cells, tumor microenvironment and interspersed remnants of nonneoplastic pancreas contained in these 350 µm thick slices maintained their structural integrity, phenotypic characteristics and functional activity when in culture for at least 4 days. In particular, tumor cell proliferation persisted and the grade of differentiation and morphological phenotype remained unaltered. Cultured tissue slices were metabolically active and responsive to rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. This culture system is to date the closest surrogate to the parent carcinoma and harbors great potential as a drug sensitivity testing system for the personalized treatment of PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sougat Misra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carlos F Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Soledad Pouso
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085 Ulloi ut 26., Hungary
| | - Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital and Division of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology F46, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline S Verbeke
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE-141 86, Sweden.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Postbox 1171 Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway.
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Postbox 4956 Nydalen, Oslo, 0424, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Relli V, Trerotola M, Guerra E, Alberti S. Distinct lung cancer subtypes associate to distinct drivers of tumor progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35528-35540. [PMID: 30473748 PMCID: PMC6238974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The main non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) histopathological subtypes are lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinomas (LUSC). To identify candidate progression determinants of NSCLC subtypes, we explored the transcriptomic signatures of LUAD versus LUSC. We then investigated the prognostic impact of the identified tumor-associated determinants. This was done utilizing DNA microarray data from 2,437 NSCLC patients. An independent analysis of a case series of 994 NSCLC was conducted by next-generation sequencing, together with gene expression profiling from GEO (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/). This work led us to identify 69 distinct tumor prognostic determinants, which impact on LUAD or LUSC clinical outcome. These included key drivers of tumor growth and cell cycle, transcription factors and metabolic determinants. Such disease determinants appeared vastly different in LUAD versus LUSC, and often had opposite impact on clinical outcome. These findings indicate that distinct tumor progression pathways are at work in the two NSCLC subtypes. Notably, most prognostic determinants would go inappropriately assessed or even undetected when globally investigating unselected NSCLC. Hence, differential consideration for NSCLC subtypes should be taken into account in current clinical evaluation procedures for lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Relli
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Guerra
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Saverio Alberti
- Unit of Cancer Pathology, CeSI-MeT, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry, Morphological and Functional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi G, Zhang J, Lu Z, Liu D, Wu Y, Wu P, Yin J, Yuan H, Zhu Q, Chen L, Fu Y, Peng Y, Wang Y, Jiang K, Miao Y. A novel messenger RNA signature as a prognostic biomarker for predicting relapse in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110849-110860. [PMID: 29340021 PMCID: PMC5762289 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) death rate and recurrence rate have remained obstinately high. Current methods can not satisfy the need of predicting cancer relapse accurately. Utilizing expression profiles of 10 GEO datasets (N = 774), we identified 154 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between PDAC and normal pancreas tissue or paracancerous tissue. Next we built a 16-mRNA-based signature by means of the LASSO COX regression model. We also validated the prognostic value of the signature. Patients were classified into high-risk and low-risk group according to the signature risk score; 1 year RFS was 45% (95% CI: 31.6%–63.9%) for high-risk group in contrast to 92.5% (95% CI: 86.3%–99.1%) for low-risk group. Moreover, it could predict RFS well in cases with the receipt of different treatment modalities. The 16-mRNA-based signature was an independent and powerful prognostic biomarker for RFS for PDAC patients (HR = 7.74, 95% CI: 3.25–18.45, p < 0.0001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Shi
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qicong Zhu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yue Fu
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yunpeng Peng
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center, Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Pancreas Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang HL, Kim CJ, Koo J, Zhou W, Choi EK, Arcega R, Chen ZE, Wang H, Zhang L, Lin F. Practical Immunohistochemistry in Neoplastic Pathology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, Liver, Biliary Tract, and Pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2017; 141:1155-1180. [PMID: 28854347 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0489-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT - Immunomarkers with diagnostic, therapeutic, or prognostic values have been increasingly used to maximize the benefits of clinical management of patients with neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. OBJECTIVES - To review the characteristics of immunomarkers that are commonly used in surgical pathology practice for neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas, and to summarize the clinical usefulness of immunomarkers that have been discovered in recent years in these fields. DATA SOURCES - Data sources include literature review, authors' research data, and personal practice experience. CONCLUSIONS - Immunohistochemistry is an indispensable tool for the accurate diagnosis of neoplastic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Useful immunomarkers are available to help distinguish malignant neoplasms from benign conditions, determine organ origins, and subclassify neoplasms that are morphologically and biologically heterogeneous. Specific immunomarkers are also available to help guide patient treatment and assess disease aggressiveness, which are keys to the success of personalized medicine. Pathologists will continue to play a critical role in the discovery, validation, and application of new biomarkers, which will ultimately improve patient care.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kanzawa M, Sanuki T, Onodera M, Fujikura K, Itoh T, Zen Y. Double immunostaining for maspin and p53 on cell blocks increases the diagnostic value of biliary brushing cytology. Pathol Int 2017; 67:91-98. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kanzawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sanuki
- Department of Gastroenterology; Kitaharima Medical Center; Ono Japan
| | - Manabu Onodera
- Department of Gastroenterology; NTT East Sapporo Hospital; Sapporo Japan
| | - Kohei Fujikura
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Yoh Zen
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fernández Moro C, Fernandez-Woodbridge A, Alistair D'souza M, Zhang Q, Bozoky B, Kandaswamy SV, Catalano P, Heuchel R, Shtembari S, Del Chiaro M, Danielsson O, Björnstedt M, Löhr JM, Isaksson B, Verbeke C, Bozóky B. Immunohistochemical Typing of Adenocarcinomas of the Pancreatobiliary System Improves Diagnosis and Prognostic Stratification. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166067. [PMID: 27829047 PMCID: PMC5102456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Adenocarcinomas of the pancreatobiliary system are currently classified by their primary anatomical location. In particular, the pathological diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is still considered as a diagnosis of exclusion of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Periampullary cancers have been previously classified according to the histological type of differentiation (pancreatobiliary, intestinal), but overlapping morphological features hinder their differential diagnosis. We performed an integrative immunohistochemical analysis of pancreato-biliary tumors to improve their diagnosis and prediction of outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective observational cohort study on patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatobiliary system who underwent diagnostic core needle biopsy or surgical resection at a tertiary referral center. 409 tumor samples were analyzed with up to 27 conventional antibodies used in diagnostic pathology. Immunohistochemical scoring system was the percentage of stained tumor cells. Bioinformatic analysis, internal validation, and survival analysis were performed. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering and differential expression analysis identified three immunohistochemical tumor types (extrahepatic pancreatobiliary, intestinal, and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) and the discriminant markers between them. Among patients who underwent surgical resection of their primary tumor with curative intent, the intestinal type showed an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.19 for overall survival (95% confidence interval 0.05-0.72; p value = 0.014) compared to the extrahepatic pancreatobiliary type. CONCLUSIONS Integrative immunohistochemical classification of adenocarcinomas of the pancreatobiliary system results in a characteristic immunohistochemical profile for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and intestinal type adenocarcinoma, which helps in distinguishing them from metastatic and pancreatobiliary type adenocarcinoma, respectively. A diagnostic immunohistochemical panel and additional extended panels of discriminant markers are proposed as guidance for their pathological diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fernández Moro
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED) Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Melroy Alistair D'souza
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qianni Zhang
- School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benedek Bozoky
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Senthil Vasan Kandaswamy
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piera Catalano
- Service of Pathology, Ospedale Fatebenefratelli "S. Giovanni Calibita", Rome, Italy
| | - Rainer Heuchel
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Shtembari
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Danielsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED) Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Björnstedt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED) Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J. Matthias Löhr
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Isaksson
- Department of Clinical Science Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Verbeke
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Béla Bozóky
- Department of Clinical Pathology/Cytology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tokumitsu T, Sato Y, Yamashita A, Moriguchi-Goto S, Kondo K, Nanashima A, Asada Y. Immunocytochemistry for Claudin-18 and Maspin in biliary brushing cytology increases the accuracy of diagnosing pancreatobiliary malignancies. Cytopathology 2016; 28:116-121. [PMID: 27527114 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Biliary brush cytology is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of pancreatobiliary malignancies. However, it is difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign cells. The present study evaluated the utility of immunocytochemical expression of Claudin-18 and Maspin in brushing cytology specimens of pancreatobiliary lesions in the diagnosis of pancreatobiliary malignancies. METHODS The study retrospectively assessed biliary and pancreatic duct brushing cytology specimens of 43 patients whose pancreatobiliary lesions were histologically diagnosed at the University of Miyazaki Hospital. Scanty cellularity slides and cases with no histological confirmation were excluded. Alcohol-fixed and Papanicolaou-stained slides were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to Claudin-18 and Maspin. RESULTS Of the 43 patients, 35 (81.4%) were finally histologically diagnosed with invasive adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity of routine cytology for the detection of malignancy was 63%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity of cytology in combination with immunocytochemical expression of Claudin-18 (89%) or Claudin-18 and/or Maspin (97%) was significantly higher than that of cytology alone (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Immunocytochemical staining for Claudin-18 and Maspin improved the diagnostic sensitivity for pancreatobiliary adenocarcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Tokumitsu
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Sato
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - A Yamashita
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S Moriguchi-Goto
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - K Kondo
- Community Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - A Nanashima
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreas Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y Asada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is challenging in the setting of pancreatitis. We investigated SERPINB5 for its impact on PDAC tumor biology and its use as a diagnostic marker for PDAC in the setting of pancreatitis. METHODS Patient samples from PDAC primary tumors, PDAC lymph node metastases, and pancreatitis were investigated for SERPINB5 promoter methylation by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six PDAC cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo using an orthotopic mouse model to generate primary tumors and metastases. SERPINB5 mRNA expression, protein expression, and promoter methylation were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR, methylation-specific PCR, and Western Blot. RESULTS In patient samples, detection of an unmethylated SERPINB5 promoter differentiated pancreatitis from PDAC with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 95% (P < 0.001). SERPINB5 was not deregulated in primary tumors versus metastases, but primary tumors without SERPINB5 protein expression had significantly reduced viability (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS SERPINB5 seems to assume an oncogenic role in PDAC. In clinical samples, detection of unmethylated SERPINB5 was a specific marker for PDAC even in the context of pancreatitis and may provide the basis for a liquid biopsy option to detect PDAC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Prognostic Fifteen-Gene Signature for Early Stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133562. [PMID: 26247463 PMCID: PMC4527782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The outcomes of patients treated with surgery for early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are variable with median survival ranging from 6 months to more than 5 years. This challenge underscores an unmet need for developing personalized medicine strategies to refine the current treatment decision-making process. To derive a prognostic gene signature for patients with early stage PDAC, a PDAC cohort from Moffitt Cancer Center (n = 63) was used with overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint. This was further evaluated using an independent microarray cohort dataset (Stratford et al: n = 102). Technical validation was performed by NanoString platform. A prognostic 15-gene signature was developed and showed a statistically significant association with OS in the Moffitt cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.26; p<0.001) and Stratford et al cohort (HR = 2.07; p = 0.02), and was independent of other prognostic variables. Moreover, integration of the signature with the TNM staging system improved risk prediction (p<0.01 in both cohorts). In addition, NanoString validation showed that the signature was robust with a high degree of reproducibility and the association with OS remained significant in the two cohorts. The gene signature could be a potential prognostic tool to allow risk-adapted stratification of PDAC patients into personalized treatment protocols; possibly improving the currently poor clinical outcomes of these patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Association between SNPs in Serpin gene family and risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:6231-8. [PMID: 25775950 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancers in the world. Epidemiological survey studies have verified that the development of ESCC relates to a complex interactive process between multiple genetic susceptibilities and environmental exposure. Serpins are a broadly distributed family of protease inhibitors and have been recognized as tumor suppressors in multiple cancer types. While previous studies have reported that Serpin polymorphisms are associated with tumorigenesis, the genetic and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in these genes appear to be complex and remain to be elucidated. In this study, a total of 500 ESCC cases and 500 matched controls in a Southwest China population were evaluated for six SNPs in the exons of three Serpin genes (SerpinB5, SerpinB2, and SerpinE1). Among the six SNPs, the C allele of rs2289519 and rs2289520 in SerpinB5 showed decreased risk of ESCC and the variants might interact with smoking status. Haplotype analysis showed that the T-G haplotype (corresponding to rs2289519-rs2289520) increased the risk of ESCC, while the C-C haplotype decreased the risk. We also found that SerpinB5 gene mRNA expression was significantly downregulated in ESCC cell lines and patient specimen while there is no change in protein structure with different haplotypes. Our results demonstrated that the expression of SerpinB5 was downregulated in ESCC, and the positive SNPs might be associated with a risk of ESCC development.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin F, Chen ZE, Wang HL. Utility of immunohistochemistry in the pancreatobiliary tract. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2015; 139:24-38. [PMID: 25549142 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2014-0072-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry has become a useful ancillary study in the identification and classification of pancreatic neoplasms. The diagnostic accuracy has been significantly improved because of the continuous discoveries of tumor-associated biomarkers and the development of effective immunohistochemical panels. OBJECTIVES To identify and classify pancreatic neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. DATA SOURCES Literature review and authors' research data and personal practice experience were used. CONCLUSIONS To better guide therapeutic decisions and predict the prognostic outcome, it is crucial to make an accurate diagnosis of a pancreatic neoplasm. Application of appropriate immunohistochemical panels enables pathologists to differentiate pancreaticobiliary adenocarcinomas from reactive conditions and to identify rare types of pancreatic neoplasms. Knowing the utilities and pitfalls of each tumor-associated biomarker is essential to avoiding a potential diagnostic error because an absolutely cancer-specific biomarker does not exist. This article reviews frequently used tumor-associated biomarkers, provides lists of effective immunohistochemical panels, and recommends a diagnostic algorithm as a standard approach to pancreatic neoplasms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lin
- From the Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania (Drs Lin and Chen); and the Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles (Dr Wang)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Expression of maspin and ezrin proteins in periocular Basal cell carcinoma. Dermatol Res Pract 2014; 2014:596564. [PMID: 25580109 PMCID: PMC4279255 DOI: 10.1155/2014/596564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The aim of this study was to investigate maspin and ezrin expression in different subtypes of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Methods. Tissue samples from 43 patients with periocular BCC. Our cases were comprised of 10 morpheaform, 25 nodular, and 8 adenoid type BCCs. Immunohistochemical staining for maspin and ezrin was performed by Envision detection system. Results. There was no difference between different subtypes of BCC in maspin expression regarding positivity, intensity, and pattern of expression. Ezrin was expressed in all subtypes of BCC but the intensity was significantly higher in morpheaform BCC compared to nodular and adenoid types (P < 0.001 and P = 0.012, resp.); ninety percent of morpheaform samples showed strong ezrin intensity, while this strong intensity was only present in 25% and 12% of adenoid and nodular subtypes, respectively. There was no correlation between age, sex, or tumor margin involvement and expression of neither maspin nor ezrin. There was no correlation between maspin and ezrin expression except in nodular type, in which an inverse correlation was found (P = 0.004). Conclusion. Ezrin is expressed intensely in morpheaform BCC of periocular region. Further studies are needed to show the significance of this finding in prognosis of morpheaform BCC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Keira Y, Takasawa A, Murata M, Nojima M, Takasawa K, Ogino J, Higashiura Y, Sasaki A, Kimura Y, Mizuguchi T, Tanaka S, Hirata K, Sawada N, Hasegawa T. An immunohistochemical marker panel including claudin-18, maspin, and p53 improves diagnostic accuracy of bile duct neoplasms in surgical and presurgical biopsy specimens. Virchows Arch 2014; 466:265-77. [PMID: 25503275 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-014-1705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers have an extremely poor outcome, and specific diagnostic markers and effective treatments are needed urgently. In this study, we assessed the capacity of panel of immunohistochemical markers including claudin-18, maspin, and p53 to distinguish biliary tract carcinoma and biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN) from non-neoplastic epithelium. We performed a retrospective study of 66 biliary tract cancer specimens and 63 specimens with non-neoplastic lesions. Of the surgical specimens, 96.7 % with adenocarcinoma/BilIN were detected as neoplastic, and all 63 specimens histologically diagnosed as non-neoplastic lesion were detected as non-neoplastic with high sensitivity (91.1 %) and specificity (100 %). Of presurgical endobiliary forceps biopsy specimens, all with adenocarcinoma/BilIN and only 1 of the 19 with a non-neoplastic lesion were distinguished as neoplastic with high sensitivity (100 %) and specificity (94.7 %). Moreover, this panel provided good separation of neoplasm from malignancy-undetermined atypical epithelium (18/21, 85.7 %). This panel achieves a more reliable distinction of biliary tract cancers and BilINs from non-neoplastic epithelia in both surgical and biopsy specimens than immunohistochemical analysis with single antibodies and is useful in supporting a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma and BilIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Keira
- Departments of Surgical Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ali A, Brown V, Denley S, Jamieson NB, Morton JP, Nixon C, Graham JS, Sansom OJ, Carter CR, McKay CJ, Duthie FR, Oien KA. Expression of KOC, S100P, mesothelin and MUC1 in pancreatico-biliary adenocarcinomas: development and utility of a potential diagnostic immunohistochemistry panel. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:35. [PMID: 25071419 PMCID: PMC4112611 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatico-biliary adenocarcinomas (PBA) have a poor prognosis. Diagnosis is usually achieved by imaging and/or endoscopy with confirmatory cytology. Cytological interpretation can be difficult especially in the setting of chronic pancreatitis/cholangitis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) biomarkers could act as an adjunct to cytology to improve the diagnosis. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis and selected KOC, S100P, mesothelin and MUC1 for further validation in PBA resection specimens. METHODS Tissue microarrays containing tumour and normal cores in a ratio of 3:2, from 99 surgically resected PBA patients, were used for IHC. IHC was performed on an automated platform using antibodies against KOC, S100P, mesothelin and MUC1. Tissue cores were scored for staining intensity and proportion of tissue stained using a Histoscore method (range, 0-300). Sensitivity and specificity for individual biomarkers, as well as biomarker panels, were determined with different cut-offs for positivity and compared by summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS The expression of all four biomarkers was high in PBA versus normal ducts, with a mean Histoscore of 150 vs. 0.4 for KOC, 165 vs. 0.3 for S100P, 115 vs. 0.5 for mesothelin and 200 vs. 14 for MUC1 (p < .0001 for all comparisons). Five cut-offs were carefully chosen for sensitivity/specificity analysis. Four of these cut-offs, namely 5%, 10% or 20% positive cells and Histoscore 20 were identified using ROC curve analysis and the fifth cut-off was moderate-strong staining intensity. Using 20% positive cells as a cut-off achieved higher sensitivity/specificity values: KOC 84%/100%; S100P 83%/100%; mesothelin 88%/92%; and MUC1 89%/63%. Analysis of a panel of KOC, S100P and mesothelin achieved 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity if at least 2 biomarkers were positive for 10% cut-off; and 100% sensitivity and specificity for 20% cut-off. CONCLUSION A biomarker panel of KOC, S100P and mesothelin with at least 2 biomarkers positive was found to be an optimum panel with both 10% and 20% cut-offs in resection specimens from patients with PBA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ali
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK
| | - Victoria Brown
- Pathology Laboratory, Forth Valley Royal Hospital, Stirling Road, Larbert FK5 4WR, UK
| | - Simon Denley
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Nigel B Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | | | - Colin Nixon
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Janet S Graham
- Medical Oncology, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - C Ross Carter
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Colin J McKay
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Fraser R Duthie
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Greater Glasgow & Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Karin A Oien
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden G61 1QH, UK
- Department of Pathology, Southern General Hospital, Greater Glasgow & Clyde NHS, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lun YZ, Wang XL, Feng J. Purification and identification of the Kazal domain of a novel serine protease inhibitor, Hespintor, through a bacterial (Escherichia coli) expression system. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:321-6. [PMID: 24821237 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, Hespintor, a protein with unknown function, was screened and obtained from the hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2, using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Sequence analysis demonstrated that the protein is a novel secreting member of the Kazal-type serine protease inhibitor (serpin) family, and possesses the basic structure of serpin, which is highly homologous to esophageal cancer-related gene 2 (ECRG2). To further elucidate its biological functions, the Hespintor protein was expressed and purified. The coding sequence of the Hespintor Kazal domain was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector, pET-40b(+), and was then transformed into host bacteria (Escherichia coli) Rosetta (DE3). The optimally expressed recombinant fusion protein, Hespintor-Kazal, with a molecular weight of 42 kDa was obtained by 0.25 mmol/l isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction at 30˚C for 5 h. Western blot analysis was performed to further confirm the specificity of the recombinant protein, Hespintor-Kazal. The recombinant fusion protein, Hespintor‑Kazal, was expressed in the host bacteria in the form of an inclusion body. Two-step metal chelating affinity chromatography and anion exchange chromatography columns were used to purify the recombinant protein. The preliminary activity identification results revealed that the purified recombinant fusion protein, Hespintor-Kazal, specifically inhibited the hydrolysis activity of trypsin, suggesting that Hespintor has potential value as a novel antitumor drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Zhi Lun
- Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lei Wang
- Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- Liaoning Provincial University Key Laboratory of Biophysics, College of Medicine, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Loss of HNF6 expression correlates with human pancreatic cancer progression. J Transl Med 2014; 94:517-27. [PMID: 24638272 PMCID: PMC4068339 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal pancreatic epithelium progresses through various stages of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Transcriptional regulation of this progression is poorly understood. In mouse, the hepatic nuclear factor 6 (Hnf6) transcription factor is expressed in ductal cells and at lower levels in acinar cells of the adult pancreas, but not in mature endocrine cells. Hnf6 is critical for terminal differentiation of the ductal epithelium during embryonic development and for pancreatic endocrine cell specification. We previously showed that, in mice, loss of Hnf6 from the pancreatic epithelium during organogenesis results in increased duct proliferation and altered duct architecture, increased periductal fibrosis and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Here we show that decreased expression of HNF6 is strongly correlated with increased severity of PanIN lesions in samples of human pancreata and is absent from >90% of PDAC. Mouse models in which cancer progression can be analyzed from the earliest stages that are seldom accessible in humans support a role for Hnf6 loss in progression from early- to late-stage PanIN and PDAC. In addition, gene expression analyses of human pancreatic cancer reveal decreased expression of HNF6 and its direct and indirect target genes compared with normal tissue and upregulation of genes that act in opposition to HNF6 and its targets. The negative correlation between HNF6 expression and pancreatic cancer progression suggests that HNF6 maintains pancreatic epithelial homeostasis in humans, and that its loss contributes to the progression from PanIN to ductal adenocarcinoma. Insight on the role of HNF6 in pancreatic cancer development could lead to its use as a biomarker for early detection and prognosis.
Collapse
|
28
|
Xiao W, Hong H, Awadallah A, Yu S, Zhou L, Xin W. CRABP-II is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic molecular marker for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in distinguishing from benign pancreatic conditions. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:1177-83. [PMID: 24709110 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CRABP-II, a retinoic acid binding protein, shuffles retinoic acid from cytoplasm into nucleus and forms a complex with nuclear retinoic acid receptor to facilitate transcriptional activities of retinoic acid. In this study, we studied the expression patterns of CRABP-II in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) compared with those in normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and precancerous lesions. We showed no detectable expressions of CRABP-II in normal pancreatic parenchyma, normal ductal epithelium, and chronic pancreatitis. In contrast, the expression of CRABP-II was readily detected in all PDACs including metastatic PDACs. CRABP-II staining was also observed and progressively increased from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia 1 to 3. In addition, when fine needle aspiration specimens were evaluated from patients with PDAC, CRABP-II was positive in 55.6% cases if cytology diagnosis was "atypia," and in 87.5% cases, if "malignancy." Our study suggests that CRABP-II is highly and specifically expressed in PDAC and is more commonly expressed in high-grade precursor cancerous lesions than in low-grade lesions. Therefore, overexpression of CRABP-II is a late event of pancreatic carcinogenesis, and it could be used as a diagnostic marker to distinguish PDAC from other benign pancreatic conditions in both resection and cytology specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Hong Hong
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Shuiliang Yu
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Lan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Heit C, Jackson BC, McAndrews M, Wright MW, Thompson DC, Silverman GA, Nebert DW, Vasiliou V. Update of the human and mouse SERPIN gene superfamily. Hum Genomics 2013; 7:22. [PMID: 24172014 PMCID: PMC3880077 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The serpin family comprises a structurally similar, yet functionally diverse, set of proteins. Named originally for their function as serine proteinase inhibitors, many of its members are not inhibitors but rather chaperones, involved in storage, transport, and other roles. Serpins are found in genomes of all kingdoms, with 36 human protein-coding genes and five pseudogenes. The mouse has 60 Serpin functional genes, many of which are orthologous to human SERPIN genes and some of which have expanded into multiple paralogous genes. Serpins are found in tissues throughout the body; whereas most are extracellular, there is a class of intracellular serpins. Serpins appear to have roles in inflammation, immune function, tumorigenesis, blood clotting, dementia, and cancer metastasis. Further characterization of these proteins will likely reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Baek JY, Yeo HY, Chang HJ, Kim KH, Kim SY, Park JW, Park SC, Choi HS, Kim DY, Oh JH. Serpin B5 is a CEA-interacting biomarker for colorectal cancer. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:1595-604. [PMID: 24114705 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Serpin B5 is a candidate tumour suppressor, but its oncogenic activity has also been reported. Its function may be affected by protein interactions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between serpin B5 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC). We also analysed the clinicopathological significance of serpin B5 expression in patients with CRC. Downregulation of serpin B5 was identified in a CEA-suppressed LoVo cell line using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-associated laser desorption ionisation-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). The specific interaction and co-localisation of serpin B5 with CEA were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. Western blot analysis and ELISAs revealed significant positive correlations between levels of serpin B5 and CEA in human colon cancer cell lines and in the blood of patients with CRC. Tissue expression of serpin B5 in 377 patients with CRC was significantly associated with serum CEA, histological grade, stage, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic and perineural invasion, and infiltrative border. Strong expression of serpin B5 was also associated with a reduced DFS (p = 0.001) and OS (p = 0.017). Together, these findings describe a relationship between serpin B5 and CEA expression in CRC. Strong expression of serpin B5 was associated with a worse prognosis in patients with CRC and its expression may correlate with CEA levels in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Baek
- Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Maspin is a marker for early recurrence in primary stage III and IV colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:1636-47. [PMID: 24002600 PMCID: PMC3776998 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the factors that drive metastasis formation in colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we set out to identify genes and proteins in patients with colorectal liver metastases that correlate with early disease recurrence. Such factors may predict a propensity for metastasis in earlier stages of CRC. Methods: Gene expression profiling and proteomics were used to identify differentially expressed genes/proteins in resected liver metastases that recurred within 6 months following liver surgery vs those that did not recur for >24 months. Expression of the identified genes/proteins in stage II (n=243) and III (n=176) tumours was analysed by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays. Correlation of protein levels with stage-specific outcome was assessed by uni- and multivariable analyses. Results: Both gene expression profiling and proteomics identified Maspin to be differentially expressed in colorectal liver metastases with early (<6 months) and prolonged (>24 months) time to recurrence. Immunohistochemical analysis of Maspin expression on tumour sections revealed that it was an independent predictor of time to recurrence (log-rank P=0.004) and CRC-specific survival (P=0.000) in stage III CRC. High Maspin expression was also correlated with mucinous differentiation. In stage II CRC patients, high Maspin expression did not correlate with survival but was correlated with a right-sided tumour location. Conclusion: High Maspin expression correlates with poor outcome in CRC after spread to the local lymph nodes. Therefore, Maspin may have a stage-specific function possibly related to tumour cell dissemination and/or metastatic outgrowth.
Collapse
|
32
|
Bodenstine TM, Seftor REB, Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Seftor EA, Pemberton PA, Hendrix MJC. Maspin: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2013; 31:529-51. [PMID: 22752408 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maspin, a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily, has been characterized as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancer types. Among the established anti-tumor effects of Maspin are the inhibition of cancer cell invasion, attachment to extracellular matrices, increased sensitivity to apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, while significant experimental data support the role of Maspin as a tumor suppressor, clinical data regarding the prognostic implications of Maspin expression have led to conflicting results. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the context dependencies of Maspin in normal biology and how these are perturbed in the context of cancer. In this review, we outline the regulation and roles of Maspin in normal and developmental biology while discussing novel evidence and emerging theories related to its functions in cancer. We provide insight into the immense therapeutic potential of Maspin and the challenges related to its successful clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bodenstine
- Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 225 E. Chicago Avenue, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang Y, Sheng S, Zhang J, Dzinic S, Li S, Fang F, Wu N, Zheng Q, Yang Y. Elevated maspin expression is associated with better overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). PLoS One 2013; 8:e63581. [PMID: 23717449 PMCID: PMC3661574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor maspin is a differentially regulated gene in the progression of many types of cancer. While the biological function of maspin in blocking tumor invasion and metastasis is consistent with the loss of maspin expression at the late stage of tumor progression, the differential expression and the biological significance of maspin in early stage of tumor progression appear to be complex and remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we examined the expression of maspin in 84 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases (stages I–III) and 55 non-tumor adjacent esophageal tissue specimens by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The correlation of maspin with clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Compared to normal esophageal squamous tissue where 80% (47/55) of the cases expressed maspin at a low to moderate level, all ESCC specimens (100% (84/84)) were positive for maspin expression at a moderate to high level. ESCC with low or moderate maspin expression had significantly shorter postoperative survival rates compared to those that had high maspin expression (p<0.001). Since the correlation of maspin with ESCC histology and the correlation of maspin with ESCC prognosis seem to be at odds, we further investigated the biological function of maspin in ESCC using the established ESCC cell lines. The expression of maspin in five human esophageal squamous cancer cell lines (T12, E450, KYSE150, EC109, and KYSE510) was examined by the Western blot. ESCC cell line KYSE510 that did not express maspin and was stably transfected by maspin cDNA or an empty vector. The resulting transfected cells were characterized in vitro. Maspin expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, motility and matrigel invasion. Taken together, our data suggest that the transient up-regulation of maspin in the early development of ESCC may be a defense mechanism against further transition towards more malignant phenotypes, ultimately slowing down ESCC tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Tumor and Microenvironment Program of Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SS); (YY)
| | - Jianzhi Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sijana Dzinic
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Tumor and Microenvironment Program of Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shaolei Li
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Thoracic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research Ministry of Education, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (SS); (YY)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu H, Shi J, Anandan V, Wang HL, Diehl D, Blansfield J, Gerhard G, Lin F. Reevaluation and identification of the best immunohistochemical panel (pVHL, Maspin, S100P, IMP-3) for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:601-9. [PMID: 22646265 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2011-0326-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Differentiation of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas from nonneoplastic pancreatic tissues can be challenging, especially in small biopsy and fine-needle aspiration specimens. OBJECTIVE To investigate the utility of 26 immunohistochemical markers (CAM 5.2, CK [cytokeratin] 7, CK20, CK17, CK19, MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, p53, DPC4/SMAD4, CDX2, pVHL [von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene protein], S100P, IMP-3 [insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA binding protein 3], maspin, mesothelin, claudin 4, claudin 18, annexin A8, fascin, PSCA [prostate stem cell antigen], MOC31, CEA [carcinoembryonic antigen], and CA19-9 [cancer antigen 19-9]) in the diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. DESIGN Immunohistochemical staining for these markers was performed in 60 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma on routine and tissue microarray sections. In addition, immunohistochemical staining for maspin, S100P, IMP-3, and pVHL was performed on cell blocks from 67 pancreatic fine-needle aspiration cases, including 44 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. RESULTS The results demonstrated that (1) more than 90% of cases of ductal adenocarcinoma were positive for maspin, S100P, and IMP-3; (2) nearly all adenocarcinoma cases were negative for pVHL, whereas nonneoplastic ducts and acini were positive for pVHL in all cases; (3) normal/reactive pancreatic ducts were frequently positive for CK7, CK19, MUC1, MUC6, CA19-9, MOC31, PSCA, mesothelin, annexin A8, claudin 4, and claudin 18; (4) normal pancreatic ducts were usually negative for IMP-3, maspin, S100P, CK17, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC5AC; (5) 60% of adenocarcinomas were negative for DPC4/SMAD4; and (6) strong background staining was frequently seen with fascin, PSCA, and annexin A8. CONCLUSIONS pVHL, maspin, S100P, and IMP-3 constitute the best diagnostic panel of immunomarkers for confirming the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in both surgical and fine-needle aspiration specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Geisinger Medical Center, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Biglycan expression and clinical outcome in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2012; 34:131-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
36
|
Molecular resistance fingerprint of pemetrexed and platinum in a long-term survivor of mesothelioma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40521. [PMID: 22905093 PMCID: PMC3414492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pemetrexed, a multi-folate inhibitor combined with a platinum compound is the first-line treatment of malignant mesothelioma, but median survival is still one year. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to pemetrexed is common, but its biological basis is obscure. Here we report for the first time a genome-wide profile of acquired resistance in the tumour from an exceptional case with advanced pleural mesothelioma and almost six years survival after 39 cycles of second-line pemetrexed/carboplatin treatment. Methodology and Principal Findings Genome-wide analysis with Illumina BeadChip Kit of 25,000 genes was performed on mRNA from pre-treatment and post-resistance biopsies from this individual as well on case and control samples from our previously published study (in total 17 samples). Cell specific expression of proteins encoded by selected genes were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Serial serum levels of CA125, CYFRA21-1 and SMRP levels were examined. TS protein, the main target of pemetrexed was overexpressed. Proteins and genes related to DNA damage response, elongation and telomere extension and repair related directly and indirectly to platinum resistance were overexpressed, as the CHK1 protein and the genes CHEK2, LIG3, POLD1, POLA2, FANCD2, PRPF19, RECQ5 respectively, the last two not previously described in mesothelioma. We observed a down-regulation of leukocyte transendothelial migration and cell adhesion molecules pathways. Silencing of NT5C in two mesothelioma cell lines did not sensitize the cells to Pemetrexed. Proposed resistance markers are TS, KRT7/ CK7, TYMP/ thymidine phosphorylase and down-regulated SPARCL1 and CDKN1B. Moreover, comparison of the primary expression of the sensitive versus a primary resistant case showed multi-fold overexpressed DNA repair, cell cycle, cytokinesis, and spindle formation in the latter. Serum CA125 and SMRP reflected the clinical and radiological course and tumour burden. Conclusions Genome-wide microarray of mesothelioma pre- and post-resistance biopsies indicated a novel resistance signature to pemetrexed/carboplatin that deserve validation in a larger cohort.
Collapse
|
37
|
SLC5A8 nuclear translocation and loss of expression are associated with poor outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pancreas 2012; 41:904-9. [PMID: 22450368 PMCID: PMC4593304 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e31823f429f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the role of SLC5A8 expression in the survival of pancreatic cancer. METHODS We determined SLC5A8 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and adjacent non-neoplastic pancreas (NNP) obtained from 110 patients who underwent pancreatectomy. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded core sections in a tissue microarray were immunostained using polyclonal anti-SLC5A8 antibody, and a semiquantitative measure of SLC5A8 expression was determined. RESULTS SLC5A8 expression was low in 56% (62/110) of pancreatic cancers as compared to NNP that had low expression in only 9% (10/107) of specimens (P < 0.0001). All cells expressing SLC5A8 did so in the cytoplasm, whether they are neoplastic or not. Nuclear expression of SLC5A8 occurred in 38% (42/110) of cancers, but it was uncommon in NNP (7%, 8/107) (P < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that survival in patients whose cancers had low SLC5A8 expression, and/or nuclear expression, was significantly worse than in patients whose cancers had none of these abnormalities (P = 0.02). For the 88 patients whose cancers had abnormal SLC5A8 expression, median survival was 1.4 years, as compared to 3.9 years in patients whose cancers both expressed high levels of SLC5A8 and lacked nuclear expression. CONCLUSIONS SLC5A8 nuclear translocation and loss of expression are associated with poor outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
|
38
|
Pdx1 expression in pancreatic precursor lesions and neoplasms. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2012; 19:444-9. [PMID: 21297446 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318206d958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox (Pdx1) is a homeobox transcription factor required for the embryonic development of the pancreas. Pdx1 expression has been earlier identified in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas and endocrine neoplasms. This study characterizes Pdx1 protein expression in pancreatic precursor lesions and neoplasms, including pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN, n=32), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN, n=88), mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN, n=3), acinar cell carcinoma (ACC, n=8), pancreatic endocrine neoplasm (PEN, n=44), pancreatoblastoma (PB, n=1), solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (n=8), invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (n=67), and nondysplastic ductal epithelium. A mouse monoclonal antibody for Pdx1 was used to examine archived surgical pathology cases and tissue microarrays containing >655 tissue cores from more than 250 pancreatic specimens. Immunohistochemical labeling for Pdx1 was performed using standard methods and scored for percentage and intensity of nuclear labeling. Among non-neoplastic pancreatic tissues, Pdx1 nuclear protein was expressed in islet cells, cells of the centroacinar cell compartment, and non-neoplastic ductal epithelium. No expression of Pdx1 was seen in non-neoplastic acinar cells. Among pancreatic neoplasms, Pdx1 consistently labeled >50% of the tumor cells in 87.5% of ACC cases and 38.6% of PEN cases. Pdx1 expression was variable in invasive ductal adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions of ductal adenocarcinomas (PanIN, IPMN, and MCN). A single case of PB was examined and it showed Pdx1 in the acinar component, but no expression in squamoid nests. Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms did not express Pdx1. This study shows Pdx1 expression in precursor lesions of ductal adenocarcinomas, PEN, ACC, and a case of PB. In the immunohistochemical evaluation of neoplasms of the pancreas, Pdx1 expression is not a finding specific to PENs and ductal adenocarcinomas, but also occurs in precursor lesions (PanIN, IPMN, MCN) and other neoplasms of the pancreas.
Collapse
|
39
|
Jamieson NB, Morran DC, Morton JP, Ali A, Dickson EJ, Carter CR, Sansom OJ, Evans TRJ, McKay CJ, Oien KA. MicroRNA molecular profiles associated with diagnosis, clinicopathologic criteria, and overall survival in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:534-45. [PMID: 22114136 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE MicroRNAs (miRNA) have potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic targets in cancer. We sought to establish the relationship between miRNA expression and clinicopathologic parameters, including prognosis, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Global miRNA microarray expression profiling of prospectively collected fresh-frozen PDAC tissue was done on an initial test cohort of 48 patients, who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy between 2003 and 2008 at a single institution. We evaluated association with tumor stage, lymph node status, and site of recurrence, in addition to overall survival, using Cox regression multivariate analysis. Validation of selected potentially prognostic miRNAs was done in a separate cohort of 24 patients. RESULTS miRNA profiling identified expression signatures associated with PDAC, lymph node involvement, high tumor grade, and 20 miRNAs were associated with overall survival. In the initial cohort of 48 PDAC patients, high expression of miR-21 (HR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.21-8.58) and reduced expression of miR-34a (HR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06-0.37) and miR-30d (HR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.12-0.79) were associated with poor overall survival following resection independent of clinical covariates. In a further validation set of 24 patients, miR-21 and miR-34a expression again significantly correlated with overall survival (P = 0.031 and P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Expression patterns of miRNAs are significantly altered in PDAC. Aberrant expression of a number of miRNAs was independently associated with reduced survival, including overexpression of miR-21 and underexpression of miR-34a. SUMMARY miRNA expression profiles for resected PDAC were examined to identify potentially prognostic miRNAs. miRNA microarray analysis identified statistically unique profiles, which could discriminate PDAC from paired nonmalignant pancreatic tissues as well as molecular signatures that differ according to pathologic features. miRNA expression profiles correlated with overall survival of PDAC following resection, indicating that miRNAs provide prognostic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel B Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Winter JM, Tang LH, Klimstra DS, Brennan MF, Brody JR, Rocha FG, Jia X, Qin LX, D’Angelica MI, DeMatteo RP, Fong Y, Jarnagin WR, O’Reilly EM, Allen PJ. A novel survival-based tissue microarray of pancreatic cancer validates MUC1 and mesothelin as biomarkers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40157. [PMID: 22792233 PMCID: PMC3391218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One-fifth of patients with seemingly 'curable' pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) experience an early recurrence and death, receiving no definable benefit from a major operation. Some patients with advanced stage tumors are deemed 'unresectable' by conventional staging criteria (e.g. liver metastasis), yet progress slowly. Effective biomarkers that stratify PDA based on biologic behavior are needed. To help researchers sort through the maze of biomarker data, a compendium of ∼2500 published candidate biomarkers in PDA was compiled (PLoS Med, 2009. 6(4) p. e1000046). METHODS AND FINDINGS Building on this compendium, we constructed a survival tissue microarray (termed s-TMA) comprised of short-term (cancer-specific death <12 months, n = 58) and long-term survivors (>30 months, n = 79) who underwent resection for PDA (total, n = 137). The s-TMA functions as a biological filter to identify bona fide prognostic markers associated with survival group extremes (at least 18 months separate survival groups). Based on a stringent selection process, 13 putative PDA biomarkers were identified from the public biomarker repository. Candidates were tested against the s-TMA by immunohistochemistry to identify the best markers of tumor biology. In a multivariate model, MUC1 (odds ratio, OR = 28.95, 3+ vs. negative expression, p = 0.004) and MSLN (OR = 12.47, 3+ vs. negative expression, p = 0.01) were highly predictive of early cancer-specific death. By comparison, pathologic factors (size, lymph node metastases, resection margin status, and grade) had ORs below three, and none reached statistical significance. ROC curves were used to compare the four pathologic prognostic features (ROC area = 0.70) to three univariate molecular predictors (MUC1, MSLN, MUC2) of survival group (ROC area = 0.80, p = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS MUC1 and MSLN were superior to pathologic features and other putative biomarkers as predicting survival group. Molecular assays comparing cancers from short and long survivors are an effective strategy to screen biomarkers and prioritize candidate cancer genes for diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Winter
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura H. Tang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David S. Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Murray F. Brennan
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Brody
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Flavio G. Rocha
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Li-Xuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael I. D’Angelica
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald P. DeMatteo
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William R. Jarnagin
- Department of Surgery, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Eileen M. O’Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Allen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abdou AG, Maraee AH, El-Monaem Shoeib MA, Abo Saida AM. Maspin expression in epithelial skin tumours: an immunohistochemical study. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2011; 4:111-7. [PMID: 21976902 PMCID: PMC3183715 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2077.85028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maspin is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors and is thought to inhibit carcinoma invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and induce apoptosis. AIM The aim of this work is to investigate maspin expression in cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinomas by means of immunohistochemistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 43 patients, 25 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and 18 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) together with ten apparently healthy volunteers as a control group. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the malignant and control groups regarding maspin expression since all control cases showed maspin expression compared to 60.5% (26/43) positivity in malignant cases. Maspin positive expression tended to be of higher percentage in SCC (77.8%) compared to BCC (48%) (P = 0.06) and the strong intensity of maspin was also significantly in favour of SCC compared to BCC (P = 0.02). The staining of both the cytoplasm and nuclei was seen in 27.7% of SCC and 12% of BCC and was significantly in favour of older age group (P = 0.02) and the adenoid variant (P = 0.04) of the latter. CONCLUSIONS Maspin is associated with terminal squamous differentiation. Nuclear staining of maspin is seen in both BCC and SCC with a suggested tumour suppressor role in BCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Abdou
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menofiya University, Shebein Elkom, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hong SM, Li A, Olino K, Wolfgang CL, Herman JM, Schulick RD, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Hruban RH, Goggins M. Loss of E-cadherin expression and outcome among patients with resectable pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Mod Pathol 2011; 24:1237-47. [PMID: 21552209 PMCID: PMC3155013 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2011.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Only a minority of patients who undergo surgical resection for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are cured. Since patient outcome is not reliably predicted using pathological factors (tumor stage, differentiation, and resection margin status) alone, markers of tumor behavior are needed. One candidate predictor of pancreatic cancer outcome is E-cadherin status. CDH1 is a tumor suppressor gene encoding an important cell adhesion molecule (E-cadherin). The aim of this study was to determine if, among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, loss of E-cadherin expression was an independent predictor of poor outcome. We examined patterns of loss of E-cadherin by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays of 329 surgically resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. E-cadherin expression was then correlated with outcome. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were used to assess the mortality risk. One hundred forty-one pancreatic adenocarcinomas (43%) had partial or complete loss of E-cadherin expression within the analyzed tissue cores. In most instances (134 cases, 41%), this loss was partial. Patients whose pancreatic adenocarcinomas had either complete loss (n=7; median survival, 5.5 months) or partial loss (n=134; 12.7 months) of E-cadherin expression had significantly worse median survival than those with uniformly intact E-cadherin expression (n=188; 18.5 months) by univariate (P=0.002) and multivariate (P=0.006) analyses. In subgroup analysis, patients with poorly differentiated cancers had a worse prognosis if their cancers had partial loss of E-cadherin expression (P=0.02). Among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, partial loss of tumoral E-cadherin expression is an independent predictor of poor outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Olino
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher L. Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph M. Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard D. Schulick
- Department of Surgery, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Alameda JP, Moreno-Maldonado R, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Navarro M, Page A, Jorcano JL, Bravo A, Ramírez Á, Casanova ML. Increased IKKα expression in the basal layer of the epidermis of transgenic mice enhances the malignant potential of skin tumors. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21984. [PMID: 21755017 PMCID: PMC3130791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequent type of cancer in humans. In this study we demonstrate that elevated IKKα expression in murine epidermis increases the malignancy potential of skin tumors. We describe the generation of transgenic mice overexpressing IKKα in the basal, proliferative layer of the epidermis and in the outer root sheath of hair follicles. The epidermis of K5-IKKα transgenic animals shows several alterations such as hyperproliferation, mislocalized expression of integrin-α6 and downregulation of the tumor suppressor maspin. Treatment of the back skin of mice with the mitogenic agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate causes in transgenic mice the appearance of different preneoplastic changes such as epidermal atypia with loss of cell polarity and altered epidermal tissue architecture, while in wild type littermates this treatment only leads to the development of benign epidermal hyperplasia. Moreover, in skin carcinogenesis assays, transgenic mice carrying active Ha-ras (K5-IKKα-Tg.AC mice) develop invasive tumors, instead of the benign papillomas arising in wild type-Tg-AC mice also bearing an active Ha-ras. Therefore we provide evidence for a tumor promoter role of IKKα in skin cancer, similarly to what occurs in other neoplasias, including hepatocarcinomas and breast, prostate and colorectal cancer. The altered expression of cyclin D1, maspin and integrin-α6 in skin of transgenic mice provides, at least in part, the molecular bases for the increased malignant potential found in the K5-IKKα skin tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manuel Navarro
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angustias Page
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Bravo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ángel Ramírez
- Division of Epithelial Biomedicine, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jamieson NB, Carter CR, McKay CJ, Oien KA. Tissue biomarkers for prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3316-31. [PMID: 21444679 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The management of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to present a great challenge particularly with regard to prediction of outcome following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Molecular markers have been extensively investigated by numerous groups with the aim of enhancing prognostication; however, despite hundreds of studies that have sought to assess the potential prognostic value of molecular markers in predicting the clinical course following resection of PDAC, at this time, no molecular marker assay forms part of recommended clinical practice. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the published literature for immunohistochemistry-based biomarkers of PDAC outcome. A dual search strategy was applied to the PubMed database on January 6, 2010, to identify cohort studies that reported associations between immunohistochemical biomarker expression and survival outcomes in PDAC, and conformed to the REMARK (REporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies) criteria. RESULTS A total of 103 distinct proteins met all inclusion criteria. Promising markers that emerged for the prediction of overall survival included BAX (HR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.71-0.56), Bcl-2 (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.27-0.63), survivin (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29-0.73), Ki-67: (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.87-3.14), COX-2 (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.13-1.71), E-cadherin (HR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.33-2.42), and S100 calcium-binding proteins, in particular S100A2 (HR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.58-6.62). CONCLUSIONS We noted that that there was incomplete adherence to the REMARK guidelines with inadequate methodology reporting as well as failure to perform multivariate analysis. Addressing the persistent incomplete adoption of these criteria may eventually result in the incorporation of molecular marker assessment within PDAC management algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel B Jamieson
- West of Scotland Pancreatic Unit and Department of Pathology, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mardin WA, Petrov KO, Enns A, Senninger N, Haier J, Mees ST. SERPINB5 and AKAP12 - expression and promoter methylation of metastasis suppressor genes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:549. [PMID: 20939879 PMCID: PMC2966466 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early metastasis and infiltration are survival limiting characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Thus, PDAC is likely to harbor alterations in metastasis suppressor genes that may provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities. This study investigates a panel of metastasis suppressor genes in correlation to PDAC phenotype and examines promoter methylation for regulatory influence on metastasis suppressor gene expression and for its potential as a diagnostic tool. METHODS Metastatic and invasive potential of 16 PDAC cell lines were quantified in an orthotopic mouse model and mRNA expression of 11 metastasis suppressor genes determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Analysis for promoter methylation was performed using methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing PCR. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. RESULTS In general, higher metastasis suppressor gene mRNA expression was not consistent with less aggressive phenotypes of PDAC. Instead, mRNA overexpression of several metastasis suppressor genes was found in PDAC cell lines vs. normal pancreatic RNA. Of the investigated metastasis suppressor genes, only higher AKAP12 mRNA expression was correlated with decreased metastasis (P < 0.05) and invasion scores (P < 0.01) while higher SERPINB5 mRNA expression was correlated with increased metastasis scores (P < 0.05). Both genes' promoters showed methylation, but only increased SERPINB5 methylation was associated with loss of mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). SERPINB5 methylation was also directly correlated to decreased metastasis scores (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AKAP12 mRNA expression was correlated to attenuated invasive and metastatic potential and may be associated with less aggressive phenotypes of PDAC while no such evidence was obtained for the remaining metastasis suppressor genes. Increased SERPINB5 mRNA expression was correlated to increased metastasis and mRNA expression was regulated by methylation. Thus, SERPINB5 methylation was directly correlated to metastasis scores and may provide a diagnostic tool for PDAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolf A Mardin
- Dept. of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Muenster, Waldeyerstr, 1, Muenster, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chakraborty S, Baine MJ, Sasson AR, Batra SK. Current status of molecular markers for early detection of sporadic pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1815:44-64. [PMID: 20888394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with near 100% mortality. This is in part due to the fact that most patients present with metastatic or locally advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. Significantly, in nearly 95% of PC patients there is neither an associated family history of PC nor of diseases known to be associated with an increased risk of PC. These groups of patients who comprise the bulk of PC cases are termed as "sporadic PC" in contrast to the familial PC cases that comprise only about 5% of all PCs. Given the insidious onset of the malignancy and its extreme resistance to chemo and radiotherapy, an abundance of research in recent years has focused on identifying biomarkers for the early detection of PC, specifically aiming at the sporadic PC cohort. However, while several studies have established that asymptomatic individuals with a positive family history of PC and those with certain heritable syndromes are candidates for PC screening, the role of screening in identifying sporadic PC is still an unsettled question. The present review attempts to assess this critical question by investigating the recent advances made in molecular markers with potential use in the early diagnosis of sporadic PC - the largest cohort of PC cases worldwide. It also outlines a novel yet simple risk factor based stratification system that could be potentially employed by clinicians to identify those individuals who are at an elevated risk for the development of sporadic PC and therefore candidates for screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aberrant maspin expression is involved in early carcinogenesis of gallbladder cancer. Tumour Biol 2010; 31:471-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-010-0056-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
48
|
Ryu JK, Hong SM, Karikari CA, Hruban RH, Goggins MG, Maitra A. Aberrant MicroRNA-155 expression is an early event in the multistep progression of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatology 2010; 10:66-73. [PMID: 20332664 PMCID: PMC2865485 DOI: 10.1159/000231984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is the most common noninvasive precursor to invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Misexpression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is commonly encountered in invasive neoplasia; however, miRNA abnormalities in PanIN lesions have not been documented. METHODS Three candidate miRNAs (miR-21, miR-155, and miR-221) previously reported as overexpressed in pancreatic cancers were assessed in 31 microdissected PanINs (14 PanIN-1, 9 PanIN-2, 8 PanIN-3) using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Subsequently, miR-155 was evaluated by locked nucleic acid in situ hybridization (LNA-ISH) in PanIN tissue microarrays. RESULTS Relative to microdissected non-neoplastic ductal epithelium, significant overexpression of miR-155 was observed in both PanIN-2 (2.6-fold, p = 0.02) and in PanIN-3 (7.4-fold, p = 0.014), while borderline significant overexpression of miR-21 (2.5-fold, p = 0.049) was observed in PanIN-3 only. In contrast, no significant differences in miR-221 levels were observed between ductal epithelium and PanIN lesions by qRT-PCR. LNA-ISH confirmed the aberrant expression of miR-155 in PanIN-2 (9 of 20, 45%) and in PanIN-3 (8 of 13, 62%), respectively, when compared with normal ductal epithelium (0 of 10) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Abnormalities of miRNA expression are observed in the multistep progression of pancreatic cancer, with miR-155 aberrations demonstrable at the stage of PanIN-2, and miR-21 abnormalities at the stage of PanIN-3 lesions. and IAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Kon Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,*Seung-Mo Hong, MD, Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Room 316, CRB II, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231 (USA), Tel. +1 410 955 3511, Fax +1 410 614 0671, E-Mail
| | - Collins A. Karikari
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Ralph H. Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,Department of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Michael G. Goggins
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,Department of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,Department of Medicine, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,Department of Oncology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md., USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Märkl B, Arnholdt HM, Jähnig H, Schenkirsch G, Herrmann RA, Haude K, Spatz H, Anthuber M, Schlimok G, Oruzio D. Shift from cytoplasmic to nuclear maspin expression correlates with shorter overall survival in node-negative colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2010; 41:1024-33. [PMID: 20334895 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Maspin has been characterized as a potent tumor suppressor in many in vitro and in vivo studies. In contrast, in stage III colon cancer, an association with shorter overall survival as well as sensitivity to chemotherapy was found for cases with nuclear maspin expression. Because 20% of node-negative colorectal cancer cases show a fatal clinical course, we hypothesized that immunohistochemical maspin expression could be of help to identify higher-risk cases. Therefore, we analyzed survival in a study employing 156 cases of stage I/II colorectal cases. Immunohistochemical cytoplasmic and/or nuclear maspin expression was found in 72% and 48% of the cases, respectively. Significant correlations between cytoplasmic expression and high tumor grade (P < .01) and between nuclear expression and tumor budding (P < .001) were shown. No differences concerning overall survival and immunohistochemical maspin expression were found when the complete collective was analyzed. However, evaluation of the pT3 cases revealed a highly significant worse mean overall survival of cases with a combination of nuclear expression and cytoplasmic loss of maspin compared to cases with the opposite expression pattern nuclear loss and cytoplasmic expression (mean overall survival 40 versus 63 months, respectively; P < .001). The other possible combinations (complete positive and complete negative) showed intermediate mean overall survival times with 54 and 49 months, respectively. Our findings suggest a compartment-dependent function of maspin in colorectal cancer, which can be useful in identifying stage II cases with a higher risk for fatal outcome with a possible benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Märkl
- Institute of Pathology, Klinikum Augsburg, Augsburg 86156, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer represents a major challenge for research studies and clinical management. No specific tumor marker for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer exists. Therefore, extensive genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies are being developed to identify candidate markers for use in high-throughput systems capable of large cohort screening. Understandably, the complex pathophysiology of pancreatic cancer requires sensitive and specific biomarkers that can improve both early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. The lack of a single diagnostic marker makes it likely that only a panel of biomarkers is capable of providing the appropriate combination of high sensitivity and specificity. Biomarker discovery using novel technology can improve prognostic upgrading and pinpoint new molecular targets for innovative therapy.
Collapse
|