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Kim J, Seol S, Kim TE, Lee J, Koo JW, Kang HJ. Synaptotagmin-4 induces anhedonic responses to chronic stress via BDNF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:329-343. [PMID: 38297157 PMCID: PMC10907712 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stressful circumstances are significant contributors to mental illnesses such as major depressive disorder. Anhedonia, defined as loss of the ability to enjoy pleasure in pleasurable situations, including rewarding activities or social contexts, is considered a key symptom of depression. Although stress-induced depression is associated with anhedonia in humans and animals, the underlying molecular mechanisms of anhedonic responses remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrated that synaptotagmin-4 (SYT4), which is involved in the release of neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, is implicated in chronic stress-induced anhedonia. Employing chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), we evaluated two subpopulations of mice, susceptible (SUS, anhedonic) and resilient (RES, nonanhedonic), based on sucrose preference, which was strongly correlated with social reward. The FosTRAP (targeted recombination in active populations) system and optogenetic approach revealed that neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) was significantly associated with CUS-induced anhedonic behavioral phenotypes. By conducting weighted gene coexpression network analysis of RNA sequencing data from the mPFC of SUS and RES mice, we identified Syt4 as a hub gene in a gene network that was unique to anhedonia. We also confirmed that Syt4 overexpression in the mPFC was pro-susceptible, while Syt4 knockdown was pro-resilient; the pro-susceptible effects of SYT4 were mediated through a reduction in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the mPFC. These findings suggest that SYT4-BDNF interactions in the mPFC represent a crucial regulatory mechanism of anhedonic susceptibility to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseop Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihwan Seol
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonhee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Dong-gu, Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyo Jung Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Colita D, Burdusel D, Glavan D, Hermann DM, Colită CI, Colita E, Udristoiu I, Popa-Wagner A. Molecular mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder and post-stroke affective disorders. J Affect Disord 2024; 344:149-158. [PMID: 37827260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Two of the most common and incapacitating mental health disorders around the world are major depressive disorder (MDD) and post-stroke depression (PSD). MDD is thought to result from abnormal connectivity between the monoaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, and/or cholinergic pathways. Additional factors include the roles of hormonal, immune, ageing, as well as the influence of cellular, molecular, and epigenetics in the development of mood disorders. This complexity of factors has been anticipated by the Swiss psychiatrists Paul Kielholz and Jules Angst who introduced a multimodal treatment of MDD. Depression is the predominant mood disorder, impacting around one-third of individuals who have experienced a stroke. MDD and PSD share common underlying biological mechanisms related to the disruption of monoaminergic pathways. The major contributor to PSD is the stroke lesion location, which can involve the disruption of the serotoninergic, dopaminergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, or cholinergic pathways. Additionally, various other disorders such as mania, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, and apathy might occur post-stroke, although their prevalence is considerably lower. However, there are differences in the onset of MDD among mood disorders. Some mood disorders develop gradually and can persist for a lifetime, potentially culminating in suicide. In contrast, PSD has a rapid onset because of the severe disruption of neural pathways essential for mood behavior caused by the lesion. However, PSD might also spontaneously resolve several months after a stroke, though it is associated with higher mortality. This review also provides a brief overview of the treatments currently available in medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Colita
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daiana Burdusel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Cezar-Ivan Colită
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugen Colita
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Udristoiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Chair of Vascular Neurology, Dementia and Ageing, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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3
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Bigio B, Sagi Y, Barnhill O, Dobbin J, El Shahawy O, de Angelis P, Nasca C. Epigenetic embedding of childhood adversity: mitochondrial metabolism and neurobiology of stress-related CNS diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1183184. [PMID: 37564785 PMCID: PMC10411541 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1183184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This invited article ad memoriam of Bruce McEwen discusses emerging epigenetic mechanisms underlying the long and winding road from adverse childhood experiences to adult physiology and brain functions. The conceptual framework that we pursue suggest multidimensional biological pathways for the rapid regulation of neuroplasticity that utilize rapid non-genomic mechanisms of epigenetic programming of gene expression and modulation of metabolic function via mitochondrial metabolism. The current article also highlights how applying computational tools can foster the translation of basic neuroscience discoveries for the development of novel treatment models for mental illnesses, such as depression to slow the clinical manifestation of Alzheimer's disease. Citing an expression that many of us heard from Bruce, while "It is not possible to roll back the clock," deeper understanding of the biological pathways and mechanisms through which stress produces a lifelong vulnerability to altered mitochondrial metabolism can provide a path for compensatory neuroplasticity. The newest findings emerging from this mechanistic framework are among the latest topics we had the good fortune to discuss with Bruce the day before his sudden illness when walking to a restaurant in a surprisingly warm evening that preluded the snowstorm on December 18th, 2019. With this article, we wish to celebrate Bruce's untouched love for Neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Bigio
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yotam Sagi
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Olivia Barnhill
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Josh Dobbin
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Omar El Shahawy
- Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paolo de Angelis
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carla Nasca
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
- Harold and Margaret Milliken Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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4
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Sałaciak K, Koszałka A, Lustyk K, Żmudzka E, Jagielska A, Pytka K. Memory impairments in rodent depression models: A link with depression theories. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110774. [PMID: 37088171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of depressed patients struggle with learning new tasks, remembering positive events, or concentrating on a single topic. These neurocognitive deficits accompanying depression may be linked to functional and structural changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. However, their mechanisms are not yet completely understood. We conducted a narrative review of articles regarding animal studies to assess the state of knowledge. First, we argue the contribution of changes in neurotransmitters and hormone levels in the pathomechanism of cognitive dysfunction in animal depression models. Then, we used numerous neuroinflammation studies to explore its possible implication in cognitive decline. Encouragingly, we also observed a positive correlation between increased oxidative stress and a depressive-like state with concomitant memory deficits. Finally, we discuss the undeniable role of neurotrophin deficits in developing cognitive decline in animal models of depression. This review reveals the complexity of depression-related memory impairments and highlights the potential clinical importance of gathered findings for developing more reliable animal models and designing novel antidepressants with procognitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Koszałka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna, 9 Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Angelika Jagielska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland.
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5
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Myrum C, Moreno-Castilla P, Rapp PR. 'Arc'-hitecture of normal cognitive aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101678. [PMID: 35781092 PMCID: PMC9378697 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Arc is an effector immediate-early gene that is critical for forming long-term memories. Since its discovery 25 years ago, it has repeatedly surprised us with a number of intriguing properties, including the transport of its mRNA to recently-activated synapses, its master role in bidirectionally regulating synaptic strength, its evolutionary retroviral origins, its ability to mediate intercellular transfer between neurons via extracellular vesicles (EVs), and its exceptional regulation-both temporally and spatially. The current review discusses how Arc has been used as a tool to identify the neural networks involved in cognitive aging and how Arc itself may contribute to cognitive outcome in aging. In addition, we raise several outstanding questions, including whether Arc-containing EVs in peripheral blood might provide a noninvasive biomarker for memory-related synaptic failure in aging, and whether rectifying Arc dysregulation is likely to be an effective strategy for bending the arc of aging toward successful cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Myrum
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Perla Moreno-Castilla
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Neurocognitive Aging Section, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Ahmadi-Mahmoodabadi N, Emamghoreishi M, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. The bidirectional effect of prelimbic 5-hydroxytryptamine type-4 (5-HT4) receptors on ACPA-mediated aversive memory impairment in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:726-733. [PMID: 34630949 PMCID: PMC8487599 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.49501.11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed at investigating the effect of serotonergic 5-HT4 receptor agonist/antagonist on memory consolidation deficit induced by ACPA (a potent, selective CB1 cannabinoid receptor agonist) in the pre-limbic (PL) cortex. Materials and Methods We used the step-through passive avoidance test to evaluate memory consolidation of male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Bilateral post-training microinjections of the drugs were done in a volume of 0.6 μl/rat into the PL area (0.3 μl per side). Results The results showed a significant interaction between RS67333 hydrochloride (5-HT4 receptor agonist) or RS23597-190 hydrochloride (5-HT4 receptor antagonist) and ACPA on consolidation of aversive memory. RS67333 hydrochloride (0.5 μg/rat) enhanced consolidation of memory and its co-administration at the ineffective dose of 0.005 μg/rat with ineffective (0.001 μg/rat) or effective (0.1 μg/rat) doses of ACPA improved and prevented impairment of memory caused by ACPA, respectively. In other words, RS67333 had a bidirectional effect on ACPA-caused amnesia. While RS23597-190 hydrochloride had no effect on memory at the doses used (0.005, 0.01, 0.1, or 0.5 μg/rat); but its concomitant use with an effective dose of ACPA (0.1 μg/rat) potentiated amnesia. None of the drugs had an effect on locomotor activity. Conclusion This study revealed that activation or deactivation of the 5-HT4 receptors in the PL may mediate the IA memory impairment induced by ACPA indicating a modulatory role for the 5-HT4 serotonergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nargol Ahmadi-Mahmoodabadi
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Basic Sciences, Campus of Shahid Bahonar, Farhangian University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Emamghoreishi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.,Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Murphy SE, de Cates AN, Gillespie AL, Godlewska BR, Scaife JC, Wright LC, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Translating the promise of 5HT 4 receptor agonists for the treatment of depression. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1111-1120. [PMID: 32241310 PMCID: PMC8188527 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Animal experimental studies suggest that 5-HT4 receptor activation holds promise as a novel target for the treatment of depression and cognitive impairment. 5-HT4 receptors are post-synaptic receptors that are located in striatal and limbic areas known to be involved in cognition and mood. Consistent with this, 5-HT4 receptor agonists produce rapid antidepressant effects in a number of animal models of depression, and pro-cognitive effects in tasks of learning and memory. These effects are accompanied by molecular changes, such as the increased expression of neuroplasticity-related proteins that are typical of clinically useful antidepressant drugs. Intriguingly, these antidepressant-like effects have a fast onset of their action, raising the possibility that 5-HT4 receptor agonists may be a particularly useful augmentation strategy in the early stages of SSRI treatment. Until recently, the translation of these effects to humans has been challenging. Here, we review the evidence from animal studies that the 5-HT4 receptor is a promising target for the treatment of depression and cognitive disorders, and outline a potential pathway for the efficient and cost-effective translation of these effects into humans and, ultimately, to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah E Murphy
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Angharad N de Cates
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Amy L Gillespie
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Beata R Godlewska
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica C Scaife
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Wright
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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8
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Targeting the dysfunction of glutamate receptors for the development of novel antidepressants. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107875. [PMID: 33901503 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that dysfunction of glutamate receptors is involved in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Although accumulating efforts have been made to elucidate the applications and mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of ketamine, a non-selective antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), the role of specific glutamate receptor subunit in regulating depression is not completely clear. The current review aims to discuss the relationships between glutamate receptor subunits and depressive-like behaviors. Research literatures were searched from inception to July 2020. We summarized the alterations of glutamate receptor subunits in patients with MDD and animal models of depression. Animal behaviors in response to dysfunction of glutamate receptor subunits were also surveyed. To fully understand mechanisms underlying antidepressant-like effects of modulators targeting glutamate receptors, we discussed effects of each glutamate receptor subunit on serotonin system, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuroinflammation. Finally, we collected most recent clinical applications of glutamate receptor modulators and pointed out the limitations of these candidates in the treatment of MDD.
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Chenji S, Cox E, Jaworska N, Swansburg RM, MacMaster FP. Body mass index and variability in hippocampal volume in youth with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:415-425. [PMID: 33422817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hippocampus has been implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD), in both adults and youth. However, possible sources of variability for the hippocampus have not been well delineated. Here, we explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal volume in youth with MDD. METHODS Twenty-two controls (9 male, 13 female, 12-24 years), 24 youth with MDD and normal BMI (12 male, 12 female, 14-24 years), and 20 youth with MDD and high BMI (14 male, 6 female, 13-22 years) underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Hippocampal volume was determined through manual tracing of high-resolution anatomical T1 scans, and LCModel quantified neurochemical concentrations. Intracranial volume was used as a covariate in analysis to control for effects of brain volume on hippocampus. RESULTS In youth with MDD and normal BMI, right hippocampal volume was reduced (p = 0.006, Bonferroni) and a trend for reduced left hippocampal volume was noted when compared to healthy controls (p = 0.054, Bonferroni). Left hippocampal volumes were negatively associated with BMI in youth with MDD and high BMI group (r = -0.593, p = 0.006). No associations were found between the right hippocampus and BMI and there were no group differences for metabolite concentrations. LIMITATIONS Larger sample sizes would enable researchers to explore overweight vs obese groups and effect of sex in MDD-BMI groups. CONCLUSIONS BMI may account for some of the variability observed in previous studies of hippocampal volume in MDD, and therefore BMI impacts should be considered in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Chenji
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Emily Cox
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Natalia Jaworska
- University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rose M Swansburg
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank P MacMaster
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Addictions and Mental Health Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta, Canada.
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10
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Martín-Sánchez A, García-Baos A, Castro-Zavala A, Alegre-Zurano L, Valverde O. Early-life stress exacerbates the effects of WIN55,212-2 and modulates the cannabinoid receptor type 1 expression. Neuropharmacology 2021; 184:108416. [PMID: 33271186 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress induces an abnormal brain development and increases the risk of psychiatric diseases, including depression, anxiety and substance use disorders. We have developed a reliable model for maternal neglect, named maternal separation with early weaning (MSEW) in CD1 mice. In the present study, we evaluated the long-term effects on anxiety-like behaviours, nociception as well as the Iba1-positive microglial cells in this model in comparison to standard nest (SN) mice. Moreover, we investigated whether MSEW alters the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 effects regarding reward, spatial and emotional memories, tolerance to different cannabinoid responses, and physical dependence. Adult male offspring of MSEW group showed impaired responses on spatial and emotional memories after a repeated WIN55,212-2 treatment. These behavioural impairments were associated with an increase in basolateral amygdala and hippocampal CB1-expressing fibres and higher number of CB1-containing cells in cerebellum. Additionally, MSEW promotes a higher number of Iba1-positive microglial cells in basolateral amygdala and cerebellum. As for the cannabinoid-induced effects, rearing conditions did not influence the rewarding effects of WIN55,212-2 in the conditioned place preference paradigm. However, MSEW mice showed a delay in the development of tolerance to the cannabinoid effects. Moreover, CB1-positive fibres were reduced in limbic areas in MSEW mice after cannabinoid withdrawal precipitated with the CB1 antagonist SR141617A. These findings support that early-life stress promotes behavioural and molecular changes in the sensitivity to cannabinoids, which are mediated by alterations in CB1 signalling in limbic areas and it induces an increased Iba1-microglial marker which could interfere in emotional memories formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Martín-Sánchez
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital Del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba García-Baos
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Alegre-Zurano
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behaviour Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM-Hospital Del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Yakout DW, Shree N, Mabb AM. Effect of pharmacological manipulations on Arc function. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 2:100013. [PMID: 34909648 PMCID: PMC8663979 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) is a brain-enriched immediate early gene that regulates important mechanisms implicated in learning and memory. Arc levels are controlled through a balance of induction and degradation in an activity-dependent manner. Arc further undergoes multiple post-translational modifications that regulate its stability, localization and function. Recent studies demonstrate that these features of Arc can be pharmacologically manipulated. In this review, we discuss some of these compounds, with an emphasis on drugs of abuse and psychotropic drugs. We also discuss inflammatory states that regulate Arc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina W. Yakout
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nitheyaa Shree
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Angela M. Mabb
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Schintu N, Zhang X, Stroth N, Mathé AA, Andrén PE, Svenningsson P. Non-dopaminergic Alterations in Depression-Like FSL Rats in Experimental Parkinsonism and L-DOPA Responses. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:304. [PMID: 32265703 PMCID: PMC7099513 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common comorbid condition in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Patients with depression have a two-fold increased risk to develop PD. Further, depression symptoms often precede motor symptoms in PD and are frequent at all stages of the disease. However, the influence of a depressive state on the responses to antiparkinson treatments is largely unknown. In this study, the genetically inbred depression-like flinders sensitive line (FSL) rats and control flinders resistant line (FRL) rats were studied in models of experimental parkinsonism. FSL rats showed a potentiated tremorgenic response to tacrine, a cholinesterase inhibitor used experimentally to induce 6 Hz resting tremor reminiscent of parkinsonian tremor. We also studied rats lesioned with 6-OHDA to induce hemiparkinsonism. No baseline differences in dopaminergic response to acute apomorphine or L-DOPA was found. However, following chronic treatment with L-DOPA, FRL rats developed sensitization of turning and abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs); these effects were counteracted by the anti-dyskinetic 5-HT1A agonist/D2 partial agonist sarizotan. In contrast, FSL rats did not develop sensitization of turning and only minor AIMs in response to L-DOPA treatment. The roles of several non-dopamine systems underlying this discrepancy were studied. Unexpectedly, no differences of opioid neuropeptides or serotonin markers were found between FRL and FSL rats. The marked behavioral difference between the FRL and FSL rats was paralleled with the striatal expression of the established marker, c-fos, but also the GABAergic transporter (vGAT), and a hitherto unknown marker, tamalin, that is known to regulate mGluR5 receptor function and postsynaptic organization. This study demonstrates that behavioral and transcriptional responses of non-dopaminergic systems to experimental parkinsonism and L-DOPA are modified in a genetic rat model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Schintu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nikolas Stroth
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per E Andrén
- Medical Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rincel M, Aubert P, Chevalier J, Grohard PA, Basso L, Monchaux de Oliveira C, Helbling JC, Lévy É, Chevalier G, Leboyer M, Eberl G, Layé S, Capuron L, Vergnolle N, Neunlist M, Boudin H, Lepage P, Darnaudéry M. Multi-hit early life adversity affects gut microbiota, brain and behavior in a sex-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 80:179-192. [PMID: 30872090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of adverse events in utero and during childhood differentially increases the vulnerability to psychiatric diseases in men and women. Gut microbiota is highly sensitive to the early environment and has been recently hypothesized to affect brain development. However, the impact of early-life adversity on gut microbiota, notably with regards to sex differences, remains to be explored. We examined the effects of multifactorial early-life adversity on behavior and microbiota composition in C3H/HeN mice of both sexes exposed to a combination of maternal immune activation (lipopolysaccharide injection on embryonic day 17, 120 µg/kg, i.p.), maternal separation (3hr per day from postnatal day (PND)2 to PND14) and maternal unpredictable chronic mild stress. At adulthood, offspring exposed to multi-hit early adversity showed sex-specific behavioral phenotypes with males exhibiting deficits in social behavior and females showing increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze and increased compulsive behavior in the marble burying test. Early adversity also differentially regulated gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) according to sex. Interestingly, several genes such as Arc, Btg2, Fosb, Egr4 or Klf2 were oppositely regulated by early adversity in males versus females. Finally, 16S-based microbiota profiling revealed sex-dependent gut dysbiosis. In males, abundance of taxa belonging to Lachnospiraceae and Porphyromonadaceae families or other unclassified Firmicutes, but also Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Alloprevotella genera was regulated by early adversity. In females, the effects of early adversity were limited and mainly restricted to Lactobacillus and Mucispirillum genera. Our work reveals marked sex differences in a multifactorial model of early-life adversity, both on emotional behaviors and gut microbiota, suggesting that sex should systematically be considered in preclinical studies both in neurogastroenterology and psychiatric research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Rincel
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Aubert
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Chevalier
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Grohard
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Lilian Basso
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM UMR1220, INRA UMR1416, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Monchaux de Oliveira
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean Christophe Helbling
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Élodie Lévy
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marion Leboyer
- Université Paris-est-Créteil, Laboratoire Psychiatrie translationnelle, INSERM U955, Hôpital Chenevier-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Gérard Eberl
- Unité Microenvironnement et Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Layé
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Lucile Capuron
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, INSERM UMR1220, INRA UMR1416, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Hélène Boudin
- The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, INSERM UMR1235, IMAD, Nantes, France
| | - Patricia Lepage
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Univ. Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Muriel Darnaudéry
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France; INRA, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
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14
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Liu G, Wang Y, Zheng W, Cheng H, Zhou R. P11 Loss-of-Function is Associated with Decreased Cell Proliferation and Neurobehavioral Disorders in Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1383-1395. [PMID: 31337969 PMCID: PMC6643149 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.33773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although depression is associated with anxiety and memory deficit in humans, the molecular mechanisms of the complication remain largely unknown. In this study, we generated P11 knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as P11 knockout MEF cell lines, and confirmed depression-like phenotype. We observed that knockout of P11 in MEFs led to a decreased cell proliferation compared with P11+/+ MEFs. Moreover, P11 knockout resulted in a larger cell size, which resulted probably from accumulated F-actin stress fibers. The number of proliferating cells was decreased in the hippocampus of P11 KO mice. We observed anxiety-like disorder in addition to depression phenotype in the knockout mice. In addition, knockout of P11 led to memory deficit in female mice, but not in males. These data indicated that P11 is involved in regulating cell proliferation and cell size. The molecular associations of depression behavior with anxiety and memory deficit suggested a potential approach to improve therapeutic intervention through P11 in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Treccani G, Ardalan M, Chen F, Musazzi L, Popoli M, Wegener G, Nyengaard JR, Müller HK. S-Ketamine Reverses Hippocampal Dendritic Spine Deficits in Flinders Sensitive Line Rats Within 1 h of Administration. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:7368-7379. [PMID: 31037646 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
When administered as a single subanesthetic dose, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, ketamine, produces rapid (within hours) and relatively sustained antidepressant actions even in treatment-resistant patients. Preclinical studies have shown that ketamine increases dendritic spine density and synaptic proteins in brain areas critical for the actions of antidepressants, yet the temporal relationship between structural changes and the onset of antidepressant action remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of a single dose of S-ketamine (15 mg/kg) on dendritic length, dendritic arborization, spine density, and spine morphology in the Flinders Sensitive and Flinders Resistant Line (FSL/FRL) rat model of depression. We found that already 1 h after injection with ketamine, apical dendritic spine deficits in CA1 pyramidal neurons of FSL rats were completely restored. Notably, the observed increase in spine density was attributable to regulation of both mushroom and long-thin spines. In contrast, ketamine had no effect on dendritic spine density in FRL rats. On the molecular level, ketamine normalized elevated levels of phospho-cofilin and the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B and reversed homer3 deficiency in hippocampal synaptosomes of FSL rats. Taken together, our data suggest that rapid formation of new spines may provide an important structural substrate during the initial phase of ketamine's antidepressant action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center Mainz, Untere Zahlbacher Straße 8, Mainz, Germany
- Deutsches Resilienz Zentrum (DRZ) gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maryam Ardalan
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Fenghua Chen
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Laura Musazzi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark
- AUGUST Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Jens Randel Nyengaard
- Core Center for Molecular Morphology, Section for Stereology and Microscopy, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Stochastic Geometry and Advanced Bioimaging, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Skovagervej 72, 8240, Risskov, Denmark.
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16
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Provensi G, Costa A, Izquierdo I, Blandina P, Passani MB. Brain histamine modulates recognition memory: possible implications in major cognitive disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 177:539-556. [PMID: 30129226 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several behavioural tests have been developed to study and measure emotionally charged or emotionally neutral memories and how these may be affected by pharmacological, dietary or environmental manipulations. In this review, we describe the experimental paradigms used in preclinical studies to unravel the brain circuits involved in the recognition and memorization of environmentally salient stimuli devoid of strong emotional value. In particular, we focus on the modulatory role of the brain histaminergic system in the elaboration of recognition memory that is based on the judgement of the prior occurrence of an event, and it is believed to be a critical component of human declarative memory. The review also addresses questions that may help improve the treatment of impaired declarative memory described in several affective and neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD, Alzheimer's disease and major neurocognitive disorder. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on New Uses for 21st Century. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Costa
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrizio Blandina
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Passani
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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17
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Cognitive impairments associated with alterations in synaptic proteins induced by the genetic loss of adenosine A 2A receptors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2017; 126:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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MicroRNA in glutamate receptor-dependent neurological diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1591-1604. [PMID: 28667061 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the major neuropathological process contributing to numerous neurological diseases. Recently, emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in the pathophysiology of a wide range of neurological diseases. Notably, there have been significant developments in understanding the biogenesis of miRNAs, their regulatory mechanisms, and their potential as effective biomarkers and therapies. In the present review, we summarize the recent literature that highlights the versatile roles played by miRNAs in glutamate receptor (GluR)-dependent neurological diseases. Based on the reported studies to date, modulation of miRNAs could emerge as a promising therapeutic target for a variety of neurological diseases that were discussed in this review.
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Wang CH, Gu JY, Zhang XL, Dong J, Yang J, Zhang YL, Ning QF, Shan XW, Li Y. Venlafaxine ameliorates the depression-like behaviors and hippocampal S100B expression in a rat depression model. Behav Brain Funct 2016; 12:34. [PMID: 27931233 PMCID: PMC5146825 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-016-0116-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has indicated that S100B may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. No published study has examined the effect of the antidepressant drug venlafaxine on S100B in animal models of depression. This study investigated S100B expression in the hippocampus and assessed the effect of venlafaxine on S100B mRNA level and protein expression in rats exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, 0, 5 and 10 mg venlafaxine groups. The venlafaxine groups were exposed to CUMS from day 2 to day 43. Venlafaxine 0, 5 and 10 mg/kg were then administered from day 23 to day 43. We performed behavioral assessments with weight change, open-field and sucrose preference, and analyzed S100B protein expression and mRNA level in the hippocampus. Results The CUMS led to a decrease in body weight, locomotor activity and sucrose consumption, but venlafaxine treatment (10 mg) reversed these CUMS-induced decreases Also, CUMS increased S100B protein expression and mRNA level in the hippocampus, but venlafaxine treatment (10 mg) significantly decreased S100B protein expression and mRNA level, which were significantly lower than the other treatment groups, without significant difference between the 10 mg venlafaxine and the control groups. Conclusions Our findings showed that venlafaxine treatment (10 mg) may improve the depression-like behaviors and decrease over-expression of S100B protein and mRNA in the hippocampus in a rat model of depression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12993-016-0116-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hong Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Jing-Yang Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Jiao Dong
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Standard Technological Co. Ltd. (Xinxiang Institute for New Medicine), Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.,Xinjiang Hongda Food & Beverage Co. Ltd., Xinjiang, 043102, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying-Li Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Qiu-Fen Ning
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453002, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent, Public Health College, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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20
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Wei YB, Melas PA, Villaescusa JC, Liu JJ, Xu N, Christiansen SH, Elbrønd-Bek H, Woldbye DPD, Wegener G, Mathé AA, Lavebratt C. MicroRNA 101b Is Downregulated in the Prefrontal Cortex of a Genetic Model of Depression and Targets the Glutamate Transporter SLC1A1 (EAAT3) in Vitro. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 19:pyw069. [PMID: 27507301 PMCID: PMC5203758 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that cause translational repression by base pairing with target mRNAs. Cumulative evidence suggests that changes in miRNA expression may in part underlie the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS A miRNA expression assay that can simultaneously detect 423 rat miRNAs (miRBase v.17) was used to profile the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of a genetic rat model of MDD (the Flinders Sensitive Line [FSL]) and the controls, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL). Gene expression data from the PFC of FSL/FRL animals (GEO accession no. GSE20388) were used to guide mRNA target selection. Luciferase reporter assays were used to verify miRNA targets in vitro. RESULTS We identified 23 miRNAs that were downregulated in the PFC of the FSL model compared with controls. Interestingly, one of the identified miRNAs (miR-101b) is highly conserved between rat and human and was recently found to be downregulated in the PFC of depressed suicide subjects. Using a combination of in silico and in vitro analyses, we found that miR-101b targets the neuronal glutamate transporter SLC1A1 (also known as EAAC1 or EAAT3). Accordingly, both mRNA and protein levels of SLC1A1 were found to be upregulated in the PFC of the FSL model. CONCLUSIONS Besides providing a list of novel miRNAs associated with depression-like states, this preclinical study replicated the human association of miR-101 with depression. In addition, since one of the targets of miR-101b appears to be a glutamate transporter, our preclinical data support the hypothesis of a glutamatergic dysregulation being implicated in the etiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Bin Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener).
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - J Carlos Villaescusa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Jia Jia Liu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Søren Hofman Christiansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Heidi Elbrønd-Bek
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - David Paul Drucker Woldbye
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit (Drs Wei, Melas, Liu, and Lavebratt), Center for Molecular Medicine (Drs Wei, Melas, Villaescusa, Liu, Xu, and Lavebratt), Department of Clinical Neuroscience (Drs Melas and Mathé), Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biophysics, Neurogenetics Unit (Dr Villaescusa), and Department of Medicine (Dr Xu), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Laboratory for Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Denmark (Drs Christiansen, Elbrønd-Bek, and Woldbye); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener)
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Treccani G, Gaarn du Jardin K, Wegener G, Müller HK. Differential expression of postsynaptic NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of the flinders sensitive line rat model of depression. Synapse 2016; 70:471-4. [PMID: 27262028 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic abnormalities have recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, and the ionotropic glutamate receptors in particular have been suggested as possible underlying molecular determinants. The Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats constitute a validated model of depression with dysfunctional regulation of glutamate transmission relatively to their control strain Flinders Resistant Line (FRL). To gain insight into how signaling through glutamate receptors may be altered in the FSL rats, we investigated the expression and phosphorylation of AMPA and NMDA receptor subunits in an enriched postsynaptic fraction of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Compared to the hippocampal postsynaptic fractions of FRL rats, FSL rats exhibited decreased and increased levels of the NMDA receptor subunits GluN2A and GluN2B, respectively, causing a lower ratio of GluN2A/GluN2B. The GluA2/GluA3 AMPA receptor subunit ratio was significantly decreased while the expression of the individual GluA1, GluA2, and GluA3 subunits were unaltered including phosphorylation levels of GluA1 at S831 and S845. There were no changes in the prefrontal cortex. These results support altered expression of postsynaptic glutamate receptors in the hippocampus of FSL rats, which may contribute to the depressive-like phenotype of these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Treccani
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark.
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - Kristian Gaarn du Jardin
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine Aarhus University, Risskov, Denmark
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22
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Developmental DSP4 effects on cortical Arc expression. Neurosci Lett 2016; 618:89-93. [PMID: 26946107 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Activity Regulated Cytoskeleton Associated Protein (Arc) is an immediate early gene that is critical to brain plasticity. In this study, norepinephrine's regulation of Arc expression was examined during different stages of postnatal development. Rats were injected with N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine hydrochloride (DSP-4), a selective noradrenergic neurotoxin, during preadolescence (PND 0 or 13), adolescence (PND 23 or 48) or adulthood (PND 60). After each DSP4 treatment, brains were harvested later in development and Arc mRNA levels analyzed with in situ hybridization. Rats lesioned with DSP4 during preadolescence showed no differences in Arc level compared to saline treated controls. In contrast, adolescence was a time of changing Arc mRNA response to DSP4. Rats lesioned during early adolescence showed Arc expression increases, while rats lesioned during late adolescence showed dramatic Arc expression decreases. Decreases in Arc level caused by late adolescent DSP4 were similar to those found in lesioned adults. These findings highlight a qualitatively different regulation of Arc expression by norepinephrine according to developmental stage, and indicate that mature regulation is not intact until late adolescence. These data point to important developmental differences in norepinephrine's regulation of brain plasticity. These differences may underlie contrasting psychotropic responses in children and adolescents compared to adults.
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23
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O'Neill E, Kwok B, Day JS, Connor TJ, Harkin A. Amitriptyline protects against TNF-α-induced atrophy and reduction in synaptic markers via a Trk-dependent mechanism. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00195. [PMID: 27069625 PMCID: PMC4804321 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritic degeneration and synaptic loss are features of both neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease. The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline has neurotrophic and anti-inflammatory properties and acts as a novel agonist of the neurotrophin Trk receptors. Primary cortical neurons were treated with amitriptyline, nortriptyline and NGF and tested for neuronal complexity by Sholl analysis, protein expression by Western immunoblotting, and synapse number by colocalization of pre and postsynaptic makers. Amitriptyline (500 nmol/L) and its active metabolite nortriptyline (50 nmol/L) are found to induce neurite outgrowth in rat primary cortical neurons. Amitriptyline-induced neurite outgrowth is blocked by inhibition of Trk signaling using Trk antagonist K252a (200 nmol/L) but not by the neurotrophin inhibitor Y1036 (40 μmol/L), indicating that amitriptyline binds directly to the Trk receptor to initiate neurite outgrowth. MEK inhibitor PD98059 (10 μmol/L) also blocks amitriptyline-induced neurite outgrowth, implicating activation of the MAPK signaling pathway downstream of Trk receptor activation. Furthermore, pretreatment of primary cortical neurons with amitriptyline and nortriptyline prevents the effects of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α (10 ng/mL) on neurite outgrowth and colocalization of synaptic proteins. These findings suggest that amitriptyline and nortriptyline can exert neurotrophic effects in primary cortical neurons via activation of a Trk/MAPK signaling pathway. These compounds therefore have significant potential to be used in the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions where atrophy and loss of synaptic connections contribute to progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eimear O'Neill
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin Ireland; Neuroimmunology Research Group Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin Ireland
| | - Billy Kwok
- Neuroimmunology Research Group Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin Ireland
| | - Jennifer S Day
- Neuroimmunology Research Group Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin Ireland
| | - Thomas J Connor
- Neuroimmunology Research Group Department of Physiology School of Medicine and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin Ireland
| | - Andrew Harkin
- Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Dublin Ireland
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24
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Gracia-Rubio I, Moscoso-Castro M, Pozo OJ, Marcos J, Nadal R, Valverde O. Maternal separation induces neuroinflammation and long-lasting emotional alterations in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:104-17. [PMID: 26382758 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Early life experiences play a key role in brain function and behaviour. Adverse events during childhood are therefore a risk factor for psychiatric disease during adulthood, such as mood disorders. Maternal separation is a validated mouse model for maternal neglect, producing negative early life experiences that result in subsequent emotional alteration. Mood disorders have been found to be associated with neurochemical changes and neurotransmitter deficits such as reduced availability of monoamines in discrete brain areas. Emotional alterations like depression result in reduced serotonin availability and enhanced kynurenine metabolism through the action of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase in response to neuroinflammatory factors. This mechanism involves regulation of the neurotransmitter system by neuroinflammatory agents, linking mood regulation to neuroinmunological reactions. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal separation with early weaning on emotional behaviour in mice. We investigated neuroinflammatory responses and the state of the tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic pathway in discrete brain areas following maternal separation. We show that adverse events during early life increase risk of long-lasting emotional alterations during adolescence and adulthood. These emotional alterations are particularly severe in females. Behavioural impairments were associated with microglia activation and disturbed tryptophan-kynurenine metabolism in brain areas related to emotional control. This finding supports the preeminent role of neuroinflammation in emotional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gracia-Rubio
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Moscoso-Castro
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Marcos
- Bioanalysis Research Group, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències and Psychobiology Unit, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC), Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Research Institute) Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Mouton M, Harvey BH, Cockeran M, Brink CB. The long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure during pre-adolescence on depressive-like behaviour in a genetic animal model of depression. Metab Brain Dis 2016; 31:63-74. [PMID: 26581673 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-015-9765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a psychostimulant and drug of abuse, commonly used early in life, including in childhood and adolescence. Adverse effects include psychosis, anxiety and mood disorders, as well as increased risk of developing a mental disorder later in life. The current study investigated the long-term effects of chronic METH exposure during pre-adolescence in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats (genetic model of depression) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. METH or vehicle control was administered twice daily from post-natal day 19 (PostND19) to PostND34, followed by behavioural testing at either PostND35 (early effects) or long-lasting after withdrawal at PostND60 (early adulthood). Animals were evaluated for depressive-like behaviour, locomotor activity, social interaction and object recognition memory. METH reduced depressive-like behaviour in both FSL and FRL rats at PostND35, but enhanced this behaviour at PostND60. METH also reduced locomotor activity on PostND35 in both FSL and FRL rats, but without effect at PostND60. Furthermore, METH significantly lowered social interaction behaviour (staying together) in both FRL and FSL rats at PostND35 and PostND60, whereas self-grooming time was significantly reduced only at PostND35. METH treatment enhanced exploration of the familiar vs. novel object in the novel object recognition test (nORT) in FSL and FRL rats on PostND35 and PostND60, indicative of reduced cognitive performance. Thus, early-life METH exposure induce social and cognitive deficits. Lastly, early-life exposure to METH may result in acute antidepressant-like effects immediately after chronic exposure, whereas long-term effects after withdrawal are depressogenic. Data also supports a role for genetic predisposition as with FSL rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moné Mouton
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, North-West University, Internal box 16, Potchefstroom campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, Republic of South Africa
| | - Brian H Harvey
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, North-West University, Internal box 16, Potchefstroom campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marike Cockeran
- Research Entity for Medicine Usage in South Africa, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Christiaan B Brink
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, North-West University, Internal box 16, Potchefstroom campus, Potchefstroom, 2520, Republic of South Africa.
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26
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Li Y, Pehrson AL, Waller JA, Dale E, Sanchez C, Gulinello M. A critical evaluation of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1)'s putative role in regulating dendritic plasticity, cognitive processes, and mood in animal models of depression. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:279. [PMID: 26321903 PMCID: PMC4530346 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is primarily conceptualized as a mood disorder but cognitive dysfunction is also prevalent, and may limit the daily function of MDD patients. Current theories on MDD highlight disturbances in dendritic plasticity in its pathophysiology, which could conceivably play a role in the production of both MDD-related mood and cognitive symptoms. This paper attempts to review the accumulated knowledge on the basic biology of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc or Arg3.1), its effects on neural plasticity, and how these may be related to mood or cognitive dysfunction in animal models of MDD. On a cellular level, Arc plays an important role in modulating dendritic spine density and remodeling. Arc also has a close, bidirectional relationship with postsynaptic glutamate neurotransmission, since it is stimulated by multiple glutamatergic receptor mechanisms but also modulates α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor internalization. The effects on AMPA receptor trafficking are likely related to Arc's ability to modulate phenomena such as long-term potentiation, long-term depression, and synaptic scaling, each of which are important for maintaining proper cognitive function. Chronic stress models of MDD in animals show suppressed Arc expression in the frontal cortex but elevation in the amygdala. Interestingly, cognitive tasks depending on the frontal cortex are generally impaired by chronic stress, while those depending on the amygdala are enhanced, and antidepressant treatments stimulate cortical Arc expression with a timeline that is reminiscent of the treatment efficacy lag observed in the clinic or in preclinical models. However, pharmacological treatments that stimulate regional Arc expression do not universally improve relevant cognitive functions, and this highlights a need to further refine our understanding of Arc on a subcellular and network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Alan L Pehrson
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica A Waller
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Elena Dale
- Neuroinflammation Disease Biology Unit, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Connie Sanchez
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lundbeck Research USA, Inc. Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, NY, USA
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27
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Femenía T, Magara S, DuPont CM, Lindskog M. Hippocampal-Dependent Antidepressant Action of the H3 Receptor Antagonist Clobenpropit in a Rat Model of Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv032. [PMID: 25762718 PMCID: PMC4576519 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is a modulatory neurotransmitter regulating neuronal activity. Antidepressant drugs target modulatory neurotransmitters, thus ultimately regulating glutamatergic transmission and plasticity. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists have both pro-cognitive and antidepressant effects; however, the mechanism by which they modulate glutamate transmission is not clear. We measured the effects of the H3R antagonist clobenpropit in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL), a rat model of depression with impaired memory and altered glutamatergic transmission. METHODS Behavioral tests included the forced swim test, memory tasks (passive avoidance, novel object recognition tests), and anxiety-related paradigms (novelty suppressed feeding, social interaction, light/dark box tests). Hippocampal protein levels were detected by Western blot. Hippocampal plasticity was studied by in slice field recording of CA3-CA1 long-term synaptic potentiation (LTP), and glutamatergic transmission by whole-cell patch clamp recording of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in CA1 pyramidal neurons. RESULTS Clobenpropit, administered systemically or directly into the hippocampus, decreased immobility during the forced swim test; systemic injections reversed memory deficits and increased hippocampal GluN2A protein levels. FSL rats displayed anxiety-related behaviors not affected by clobenpropit treatment. Clobenpropit enhanced hippocampal plasticity, but did not affect EPSCs. H1R and H2R antagonists prevented the clobenpropit-induced increase in LTP and, injected locally into the hippocampus, blocked clobenpropit's effect in the forced swim test. CONCLUSIONS Clobenpropit's antidepressant effects and the enhanced synaptic plasticity require hippocampal H1R and H2R activation, suggesting that clobenpropit acts through disinhibition of histamine release. Clobenpropit reverses memory deficits and increases hippocampal GluN2A expression without modifying anxiety-related phenotypes or EPSCs in CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Lindskog
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Femenía, Magara, and Lindskog, and Ms DuPont).
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Kale PP, Addepalli V. Enhancement of nootropic effect of duloxetine and bupropion by caffeine in mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2015; 47:199-201. [PMID: 25878382 PMCID: PMC4386131 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.153430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The existing evidence suggests an association between depression and memory impairment. The objective of present study was to assess the effect of low dose caffeine with duloxetine and bupropion on memory. Materials and Methods: Mice were divided randomly into seven groups. Intra-peritoneal treatment of normal saline (10 ml/kg), caffeine (10 mg/kg), duloxetine (10 mg/kg), bupropion alone (10 mg/kg), caffeine + duloxetine (5 mg/kg, each), caffeine + bupropion (5 mg/kg, each), and bupropion + duloxetine (5 mg/kg, each) were given to groups I-VII, respectively. Elevated plus maze was used to evaluate transfer latency (TL) and Morris water maze was used to estimate the time spent in target quadrant. Results: Caffeine with duloxetine treated group was better than other combination treated groups in terms of a significant decrease in TL and increase in the time spent in target quadrant recorded. Conclusion: Combining lower dose of caffeine with duloxetine may enhance cognitive benefits than respective monotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, SVKM's NMIMS, Maharashtra, India ; Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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29
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Wei YB, Backlund L, Wegener G, Mathé AA, Lavebratt C. Telomerase dysregulation in the hippocampus of a rat model of depression: normalization by lithium. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyv002. [PMID: 25618407 PMCID: PMC4540104 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are protective DNA-protein complexes at the ends of each chromosome, maintained primarily by the enzyme telomerase. Shortening of the blood leukocyte telomeres is associated with aging, several chronic diseases, and stress, eg, major depression. Hippocampus is pivotal in the regulation of cognition and mood and the main brain region of telomerase activity. Whether there is telomere dysfunction in the hippocampus of depressed subjects is unknown. Lithium, used in the treatment and relapse prevention of mood disorders, was found to protect against leukocyte telomere shortening in humans, but the mechanism has not been elucidated. To answer the questions whether telomeres are shortened and the telomerase activity changed in the hippocampus and whether lithium could reverse the process, we used a genetic model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line rat, and treated the animals with lithium. METHODS Telomere length, telomerase reverse transcriptase (Tert) expression, telomerase activity, and putative mediators of telomerase activity were investigated in the hippocampus of these animals. RESULTS The naïve Flinders Sensitive Line had shorter telomere length, downregulated Tert expression, reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced telomerase activity compared with the Flinders Resistant Line controls. Lithium treatment normalized the Tert expression and telomerase activity in the Flinders Sensitive Line and upregulated β-catenin. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing telomere dysregulation in hippocampus of a well-defined depression model and restorative effects of lithium treatment. If replicated in other models of mood disorder, the findings will contribute to understanding both the telomere function and the mechanism of lithium action in hippocampus of depressed patients.
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Wei Y, Melas PA, Wegener G, Mathé AA, Lavebratt C. Antidepressant-like effect of sodium butyrate is associated with an increase in TET1 and in 5-hydroxymethylation levels in the Bdnf gene. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu032. [PMID: 25618518 PMCID: PMC4368891 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic drugs like sodium butyrate (NaB) show antidepressant-like effects in preclinical studies, but the exact molecular mechanisms of the antidepressant effects remain unknown. While research using NaB has mainly focused on its role as a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), there is also evidence that NaB affects DNA methylation. METHODS The purpose of this study was to examine NaB's putative antidepressant-like efficacy in relation to DNA methylation changes in the prefrontal cortex of an established genetic rat model of depression (the Flinders Sensitive Line [FSL]) and its controls (the Flinders Resistant Line). RESULTS The FSL rats had lower levels of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1), which catalyzes the conversion of DNA methylation to hydroxymethylation. As indicated by the behavioral despair test, chronic administration of NaB had antidepressant-like effects in the FSL and was accompanied by increased levels of TET1. The TET1 upregulation was also associated with an increase of hydroxymethylation and a decrease of methylation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), a gene associated with neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity. These epigenetic changes were associated with a corresponding BDNF overexpression. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the antidepressant efficacy of HDACis and suggest that their epigenetic effects may also include DNA methylation changes that are mediated by demethylation-facilitating enzymes like TET1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé)
| | - Philippe A Melas
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé)
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé)
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé)
| | - Catharina Lavebratt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Neurogenetics Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Drs Wei, Melas, and Lavebratt); Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark (Dr Wegener); Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa (Dr Wegener); and Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Section for Psychiatry, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (Dr Mathé)
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Caffino L, Calabrese F, Giannotti G, Barbon A, Verheij MMM, Racagni G, Fumagalli F. Stress rapidly dysregulates the glutamatergic synapse in the prefrontal cortex of cocaine-withdrawn adolescent rats. Addict Biol 2015; 20:158-69. [PMID: 24102978 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although several lines of evidence have shown that chronic cocaine use is associated with stress system dysregulation, the underlying neurochemical mechanisms are still elusive. To investigate whether the rapid stress-induced response of the glutamatergic synapse was influenced by a previous history of cocaine, rats were exposed to repeated cocaine injections during adolescence [from postnatal day (PND) 28-42], subjected to a single swim stress (5 minutes) three days later (PND 45) and sacrificed 15 minutes after the end of this stressor. Critical determinants of glutamatergic homeostasis were measured in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) whereas circulating corticosterone levels were measured in the plasma. Exposure to stress in saline-treated animals did not show changes in the crucial determinants of the glutamatergic synapse. Conversely, in cocaine-treated animals, stress dynamically altered the glutamatergic synapse by: (1) enhancing the presynaptic vesicular mediators of glutamate release; (2) reducing the transporters responsible for glutamate clearance; (3) increasing the postsynaptic responsiveness of the N-methyl-D-aspartate subunit GluN1; and (4) causing hyperresponsive spines as evidenced by increased activation of the postsynaptic cdc42-Pak pathway. These findings indicate that exposure to cocaine during adolescence sensitizes mPFC glutamatergic synapses to stress. It is suggested that changes in glutamatergic signaling may contribute to the increased sensitivity to stress observed in cocaine users. Moreover, glutamatergic processes may play an important role in stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Centro di Neurofarmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- Collaborative Center of Department of Antidrug Policies; Presidency of the Council of Ministers; Rome Italy
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Centro di Neurofarmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- Collaborative Center of Department of Antidrug Policies; Presidency of the Council of Ministers; Rome Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giannotti
- Centro di Neurofarmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- Collaborative Center of Department of Antidrug Policies; Presidency of the Council of Ministers; Rome Italy
| | - Alessandro Barbon
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, National Institute of Neuroscience; University of Brescia; Brescia Italy
| | - Michel M. M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Racagni
- Centro di Neurofarmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- Collaborative Center of Department of Antidrug Policies; Presidency of the Council of Ministers; Rome Italy
- I.R.C.C.S. San Giovanni di Dio-Fatebenefratelli; Brescia Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Centro di Neurofarmacologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan Italy
- Collaborative Center of Department of Antidrug Policies; Presidency of the Council of Ministers; Rome Italy
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Ropinirole regulates emotionality and neuronal activity markers in the limbic forebrain. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:1981-93. [PMID: 24852388 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145714000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are movement disorders usually accompanied by emotional and cognitive deficits. Although D3/D2 receptor agonists are effective against motor and non-motor deficits in RLS and PD, the exact behavioral and neurochemical effects of these drugs are not clearly defined. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acute ropinirole (0, 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.), a preferential D3/D2 receptor agonist, on intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), spontaneous motor activity, anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, spatial reference and working memory in rats as well as on certain markers of neuronal activity, i.e. induction of immediate early genes, such as c-fos and arc, and crucial phosphorylations on GluA1 subunit of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors and NA1, NA2A and NA2B subunits of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Ropinirole decreased ICSS thresholds and induced anxiolytic- and antidepressive-like effects without affecting motor activity or spatial memory. The effects on emotionality were associated with a decrease in p-Ser897-NA1 and an increase in p-Tyr1472-NA2B in the ventral striatum as well as an increased induction of c-fos messenger RNA (mRNA) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and decreased expression of arc mRNA in the striatum and the shell of the nucleus accumbens. Our data indicate that ropinirole significantly affects emotionality at doses (1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) that exert no robust effects on locomotion or cognition. The data reinforce the use of D3/D2 receptor agonists in the treatment of RLS and PD patients characterized by emotional deficits and suggest that altered NMDA-mediated neurotransmission in the limbic forebrain may underlie some of ropinirole's therapeutic actions.
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Kale PP, Addepalli V, Sarkar A, Patel S, Savai J. The Combination of Antidepressant Duloxetine with Piracetam in Mice does not Produce Enhancement of Nootropic Activity. Exp Neurobiol 2014; 23:224-30. [PMID: 25258569 PMCID: PMC4174613 DOI: 10.5607/en.2014.23.3.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a strong association between depression and memory impairment. The present study aims to assess the nootropic activity of duloxetine and piracetam combination. Male Swiss Albino mice were divided randomly into 4 groups. Treatment of normal saline (10 ml/kg), duloxetine (10 mg/kg), piracetam (100 mg/kg), and duloxetine (5 mg/kg) plus piracetam (50 mg/kg) were given through intra-peritoneal route to group I-IV, respectively. Transfer latency in elevated plus maze (EPM) and time spent in target quadrant in Morris water maze (MWM) were recorded. Estimation of brain monoamines in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and whole brain were done using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Piracetam treated group showed significant decrease in transfer latency in EPM and increase in time spent in target quadrant recorded in MWM. Combination treated group failed to produce statistically significant nootropic effect in both EPM and MWM. Combination treated group failed to increase brain monoamine levels when compared against duloxetine and piracetam treated groups, separately. But there was exception of significant increase in norepinephrine levels in hippocampi when compared against duloxetine treated group. Results indicate no cognitive benefits with piracetam plus duloxetine combination. These findings can be further probed with the aim of understanding the interaction between duloxetine and piracetam as a future endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Popatrao Kale
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India. ; Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400-056, India
| | | | - Amrita Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India
| | - Sonam Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India
| | - Jay Savai
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP SPTM, NMIMS University, India
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Serotonin 1A receptors and sexual behavior in a genetic model of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2014; 121:82-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Meneses A. 5-HT systems: emergent targets for memory formation and memory alterations. Rev Neurosci 2014; 24:629-64. [PMID: 24259245 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2013-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drugs acting through 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin or 5-HT) systems modulate memory and its alterations, although the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. 5-HT drugs may present promnesic and/or antiamnesic (or even being amnesic) effects. Key questions regarding 5-HT markers include whether receptors directly or indirectly participate and/or contribute to the physiological and pharmacological basis of memory and its pathogenesis; hence, the major aim of this article was to examine recent advances in emergent targets of the 5-HT systems for memory formation and memory alterations. Recent reviews and findings are summarized, mainly in the context of the growing notion of memory deficits in brain disorders (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, mild cognitive impairment, consumption of drugs, poststroke cognitive dysfunctions, schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, and infection-induced memory impairments). Mainly, mammalian and (some) human data were the focus. At least agonists and antagonists for 5-HT1A/1B, 5-HT2A/2B/2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors as well as serotonin uptake inhibitors seem to have a promnesic and/or antiamnesic effect in different conditions and 5-HT markers seem to be associated to neural changes. Available evidence offers clues about the possibilities, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. For instance, 5-HT transporter expression seems to be a reliable neural marker related to memory mechanisms and its alterations.
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The role of serotonin in memory: interactions with neurotransmitters and downstream signaling. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:723-38. [PMID: 24430027 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is found to be involved in many physiological or pathophysiological processes including cognitive function. Seven distinct receptors (5-HT1-7), each with several subpopulations, have been identified for serotonin, which are different in terms of localization and downstream signaling. Because of the development of selective agonists and antagonists for these receptors as well as transgenic animal models of cognitive disorders, our understanding of the role of serotonergic transmission in learning and memory has improved in recent years. A large body of evidence indicates the interplay between serotonergic transmission and other neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, in the neurobiological control of learning and memory. In addition, there has been an alteration in the density of serotonergic receptors in aging and Alzheimer's disease, and serotonin modulators are found to alter the process of amyloidogenesis and exert cognitive-enhancing properties. Here, we discuss the serotonin-induced modulation of various systems involved in mnesic function including cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic transmissions as well as amyloidogenesis and intracellular pathways.
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Shrestha SS, Pine DS, Luckenbaugh DA, Varnäs K, Henter ID, Innis RB, Mathé AA, Svenningsson P. Antidepressant effects on serotonin 1A/1B receptors in the rat brain using a gene x environment model. Neurosci Lett 2013; 559:163-8. [PMID: 24287374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A gene-environment (GxE) interaction is implicated in both the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). This study modeled the effects of genetic vulnerability by using the Flinders sensitive line (FSL), a rat model of depression and its control counterpart-the Flinders resistant line (FRL). The effects of environmental vulnerability (e.g., early-life stress) were modeled by using maternal separation. Rats (n=105) were drawn from four groups reflecting experimental crossing of strain (FSL vs. FRL) and early-life stress (high vs. low) to assess the effects of two antidepressants (escitalopram or nortriptyline) compared to vehicle. Quantitative in vitro autoradiography was performed using [(125)I]MPPI (5-HT1A) and [(125)I]CYP (5-HT1B) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Stringent, Bonferroni-corrected statistical analyses showed significant strain-by-rearing-by-treatment (three-way) interactions in PFC 5-HT1A and hippocampal 5-HT1B receptors. Either vulnerability reduced serotonergic binding; no additive effects were associated with the two vulnerabilities. Both antidepressants increased hippocampal 5-HT1B receptor binding; however, only nortriptyline selectively increased PFC 5-HT1A receptor binding. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that antidepressant effects on the serotonergic system are shaped by a GxE interaction that depends on antidepressant class and brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stal Saurav Shrestha
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Luckenbaugh
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katarina Varnäs
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aleksander A Mathé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gautam A, Wadhwa R, Thakur MK. Involvement of hippocampal Arc in amnesia and its recovery by alcoholic extract of Ashwagandha leaves. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 106:177-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Karabeg MM, Grauthoff S, Kollert SY, Weidner M, Heiming RS, Jansen F, Popp S, Kaiser S, Lesch KP, Sachser N, Schmitt AG, Lewejohann L. 5-HTT deficiency affects neuroplasticity and increases stress sensitivity resulting in altered spatial learning performance in the Morris water maze but not in the Barnes maze. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78238. [PMID: 24167611 PMCID: PMC3805519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether spatial hippocampus-dependent learning is affected by the serotonergic system and stress. Therefore, 5-HTT knockout (-/-), heterozygous (+/-) and wildtype (+/+) mice were subjected to the Barnes maze (BM) and the Morris water maze (WM), the latter being discussed as more aversive. Additionally, immediate early gene (IEG) expression, hippocampal adult neurogenesis (aN), and blood plasma corticosterone were analyzed. While the performance of 5-HTT-/- mice in the BM was undistinguishable from both other genotypes, they performed worse in the WM. However, in the course of the repeated WM trials 5-HTT-/- mice advanced to wildtype level. The experience of a single trial of either the WM or the BM resulted in increased plasma corticosterone levels in all genotypes. After several trials 5-HTT-/- mice exhibited higher corticosterone concentrations compared with both other genotypes in both tests. Corticosterone levels were highest in 5-HTT-/- mice tested in the WM indicating greater aversiveness of the WM and a greater stress sensitivity of 5-HTT deficient mice. Quantitative immunohistochemistry in the hippocampus revealed increased cell counts positive for the IEG products cFos and Arc as well as for proliferation marker Ki67 and immature neuron marker NeuroD in 5-HTT-/- mice compared to 5-HTT+/+ mice, irrespective of the test. Most differences were found in the suprapyramidal blade of the dentate gyrus of the septal hippocampus. Ki67-immunohistochemistry revealed a genotype x environment interaction with 5-HTT genotype differences in naïve controls and WM experience exclusively yielding more Ki67-positive cells in 5-HTT+/+ mice. Moreover, in 5-HTT-/- mice we demonstrate that learning performance correlates with the extent of aN. Overall, higher baseline IEG expression and increased an in the hippocampus of 5-HTT-/- mice together with increased stress sensitivity may constitute the neurobiological correlate of raised alertness, possibly impeding optimal learning performance in the more stressful WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita M. Karabeg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Grauthoff
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sina Y. Kollert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Weidner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca S. Heiming
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Friederike Jansen
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sandy Popp
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Kaiser
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Sachser
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Angelika G. Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Lars Lewejohann
- Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Behavioural Biology, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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Bidirectional regulation of emotional memory by 5-HT1B receptors involves hippocampal p11. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:1096-105. [PMID: 23032875 PMCID: PMC3781317 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are common in depression and involve dysfunctional serotonin neurotransmission. The 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT(1B)R) regulates serotonin transmission, via presynaptic receptors, but can also affect transmitter release at heterosynaptic sites. This study aimed at investigating the roles of the 5-HT(1B)R, and its adapter protein p11, in emotional memory and object recognition memory processes by the use of p11 knockout (p11KO) mice, a genetic model for aspects of depression-related states. 5-HT(1B)R agonist treatment induced an impairing effect on emotional memory in wild type (WT) mice. In comparison, p11KO mice displayed reduced long-term emotional memory performance. Unexpectedly, 5-HT(1B)R agonist stimulation enhanced memory in p11KO mice, and this atypical switch was reversed after hippocampal adeno-associated virus mediated gene transfer of p11. Notably, 5-HT(1B)R stimulation increased glutamatergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus in p11KO mice, but not in WT mice, as measured by both pre- and postsynaptic criteria. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated global hippocampal reductions of inhibitory GABA, which may contribute to the memory enhancement and potentiation of pre- and post-synaptic measures of glutamate transmission by a 5-HT(1B)R agonist in p11KO mice. It is concluded that the level of hippocampal p11 determines the directionality of 5-HT(1B)R action on emotional memory processing and modulates hippocampal functionality. These results emphasize the importance of using relevant disease models when evaluating the role of serotonin neurotransmission in cognitive deficits related to psychiatric disorders.
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Dy GK, Adjei AA. Understanding, recognizing, and managing toxicities of targeted anticancer therapies. CA Cancer J Clin 2013; 63:249-79. [PMID: 23716430 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Answer questions and earn CME/CNE Advances in genomics and molecular biology have identified aberrant proteins in cancer cells that are attractive targets for cancer therapy. Because these proteins are overexpressed or dysregulated in cancer cells compared with normal cells, it was assumed that their inhibitors will be narrowly targeted and relatively nontoxic. However, this hope has not been achieved. Current targeted agents exhibit the same frequency and severity of toxicities as traditional cytotoxic agents, with the main difference being the nature of the toxic effects. Thus, the classical chemotherapy toxicities of alopecia, myelosuppression, mucositis, nausea, and vomiting have been generally replaced by vascular, dermatologic, endocrine, coagulation, immunologic, ocular, and pulmonary toxicities. These toxicities need to be recognized, prevented, and optimally managed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace K Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Molteni R, Macchi F, Riva MA. Gene expression profiling as functional readout of rodent models for psychiatric disorders. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:51-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Allele-specific programming of Npy and epigenetic effects of physical activity in a genetic model of depression. Transl Psychiatry 2013; 3:e255. [PMID: 23652932 PMCID: PMC3669918 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been implicated in depression, emotional processing and stress response. Part of this evidence originates from human single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) studies. In the present study, we report that a SNP in the rat Npy promoter (C/T; rs105431668) affects in vitro transcription and DNA-protein interactions. Genotyping studies showed that the C-allele of rs105431668 is present in a genetic rat model of depression (Flinders sensitive line; FSL), while the SNP's T-allele is present in its controls (Flinders resistant line; FRL). In vivo experiments revealed binding of a transcription factor (CREB2) and a histone acetyltransferase (Ep300) only at the SNP locus of the FRL. Accordingly, the FRL had increased hippocampal levels of Npy mRNA and H3K18 acetylation; a gene-activating histone modification maintained by Ep300. Next, based on previous studies showing antidepressant-like effects of physical activity in the FSL, we hypothesized that physical activity may affect Npy's epigenetic status. In line with this assumption, physical activity was associated with increased levels of Npy mRNA and H3K18 acetylation. Physical activity was also associated with reduced mRNA levels of a histone deacetylase (Hdac5). Conclusively, the rat rs105431668 appears to be a functional Npy SNP that may underlie depression-like characteristics. In addition, the achieved epigenetic reprogramming of Npy provides molecular support for the putative effectiveness of physical activity as a non-pharmacological antidepressant.
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Abstract
Depression is usually associated with alterations in the monoaminergic system. However, new evidences suggest the involvement of the glutamatergic system in the aetiology of depression. Here we explored the glutamatergic system in a rat model of depression (i.e., the flinders sensitive line (FSL)) to reveal the mechanism underlying the emotional and cognitive aspects associated with the disease. We showed a dramatically elevated level of baseline glutamatergic synaptic transmission by whole-cell recordings as well as impairment in long-term potentiation induced by high-frequency stimulation in hippocampal slices from FSL rats compared with Sprague-Dawley rats. At behavioural level, FSL rats displayed recognition memory impairment in the novel object recognition test. Enantioselective chromatography analysis revealed lower levels of D-serine in the hippocampus of FSL rats and both synaptic plasticity and memory impairments were restored by administration of D-serine. We also observed dysfunctional astrocytic glutamate regulation including downregulation of the glia glutamate transporter GLAST as shown by western blot. One possibility is that the dysfunctional astrocytic glutamate reuptake triggers a succession of events, including the reduction of D-serine production as a safety mechanism to avoid NMDA receptor overactivation, which in turn causes the synaptic plasticity and memory impairments observed. These findings open up new brain targets for the development of more potent and efficient antidepressant drugs.
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Loubinoux I, Kronenberg G, Endres M, Schumann-Bard P, Freret T, Filipkowski RK, Kaczmarek L, Popa-Wagner A. Post-stroke depression: mechanisms, translation and therapy. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 16:1961-9. [PMID: 22348642 PMCID: PMC3822966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01555.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between depression and stroke is highly complex. Post-stroke depression (PSD) is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric consequences of stroke. Depression also negatively impacts stroke outcome with increased morbidity, mortality and poorer functional recovery. Antidepressants such as the commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors improve stroke outcome, an effect that may extend far beyond depression, e.g., to motor recovery. The main biological theory of PSD is the amine hypothesis. Conceivably, ischaemic lesions interrupt the projections ascending from midbrain and brainstem, leading to a decreased bioavailability of the biogenic amines – serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE). Acetylcholine would also be involved. So far, preclinical and translational research on PSD is largely lacking. The implementation and characterization of suitable animal models is clearly a major prerequisite for deeper insights into the biological basis of post-stroke mood disturbances. Equally importantly, experimental models may also pave the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. If we cannot prevent stroke, we shall try to limit its long-term consequences. This review therefore presents animal models of PSD and summarizes potential underlying mechanisms including genomic signatures, neurotransmitter and neurotrophin signalling, hippocampal neurogenesis, cellular plasticity in the ischaemic lesion, secondary degenerative changes, activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroinflammation. As stroke is a disease of the elderly, great clinical benefit may especially accrue from deciphering and targeting basic mechanisms underlying PSD in aged animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Loubinoux
- INSERM, Cerebral imaging and neurological handicaps UMR825, Toulouse, France
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Abstract
Neurotrophins and other growth factors have been advanced as critical modulators of depressive behavior. Support for this model is based on analyses of knockout and transgenic mouse models, human genetic studies, and screens for gene products that are regulated by depressive behavior and/or antidepressants. Even subtle alteration in the regulated secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), for example, due to a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-encoded Val-Met substitution in proBDNF that affects processing and sorting, impacts behavior and cognition. Alterations in growth factor expression result in changes in neurogenesis as well as structural changes in neuronal cytoarchitecture, including effects on dendritic length and spine density, in the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. These changes have the potential to impact the plasticity and stability of synapses in the CNS, and the complex brain circuitry that regulates behavior. Here we review the role that neurotrophins play in the modulation of depressive behavior, and the downstream signaling targets they regulate that potentially mediate these behavioral pro-depressant and antidepressant effects.
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Noise-Induced Inner Hair Cell Ribbon Loss Disturbs Central Arc Mobilization: A Novel Molecular Paradigm for Understanding Tinnitus. Mol Neurobiol 2012; 47:261-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-012-8372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Eriksson TM, Holst S, Stan TL, Hager T, Sjögren B, Ögren SO, Svenningsson P, Stiedl O. 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptor crosstalk in the regulation of emotional memory: Implications for effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Neuropharmacology 2012; 63:1150-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Erythropoietin: a candidate treatment for mood symptoms and memory dysfunction in depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:687-98. [PMID: 21947319 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current pharmacological treatments for depression have a significant treatment-onset-response delay, an insufficient efficacy for many patients and fail to reverse cognitive dysfunction. Erythropoietin (EPO) has neuroprotective and neurotrophic actions and improves cognitive function in animal models of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions and in patients with cognitive decline. METHODS We systematically reviewed the published findings from animal and human studies exploring the potential of EPO to treat depression-related cognitive dysfunction and depression. RESULTS We identified five animal studies (two in male rats, two in male mice and one in male rats and mice) and seven human proof-of-concept studies (five in healthy volunteers and two in depressed patients) that investigated the above. All of the reviewed animal studies but one and all human studies demonstrated beneficial effects of EPO on hippocampus-dependent memory and antidepressant-like effects. These effects appear to be mediated through direct neurobiological actions of EPO rather than upregulation of red cell mass. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed studies demonstrate beneficial effects of EPO on hippocampus-dependent memory function and on depression-relevant behavior, thus highlighting EPO as a candidate agent for future management of cognitive dysfunction and mood symptoms in depression. Larger-scale clinical trials of EPO as a treatment for mood and neurocognitive symptoms in patients with mood disorder are therefore warranted.
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Kovačević T, Skelin I, Minuzzi L, Rosa-Neto P, Diksic M. Reduced metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the Flinders Sensitive Line of rats, an animal model of depression: an autoradiographic study. Brain Res Bull 2012; 87:406-12. [PMID: 22310150 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a brain disorder and there is still only a partial understanding of its underlying pathophysiology. Antidepressant medications with a fast onset have not yet been developed. In addition to the monoaminergic systems, the brain glutaminergic system has been implicated in the etiology of depression. Animal studies of depression have gained importance because they permit a more invasive manipulation of the subjects than human studies. In the present study, we measured the densities of the brain regional metabotropic glutaminergic receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression and two groups of control rats, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) and Sprague Dawley (SPD), the parent strain for both the FSL and FRL rats. The FSL rats showed lower densities of mGluR5 in many brain regions compared to either the SPD and/or FRL rats. In addition, the densities in the FRL rats were larger than in the SPD rats, suggesting possible problems in using FRL rats as controls. The presented data suggest that mGluR5 is lower in animal models of depression which could be related to the cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in the FSL rat model of depression and could be relevant to a better understanding of depression in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Kovačević
- Cone Neurosurgical Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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