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Bui DT, Ton ANV, Nguyen CTD, Nguyen SH, Tran HK, Nguyen XT, Nguyen HT, Pham GLT, Tran DS, Harrington J, Pham HN, Pham TNV, Cao TA. Pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations identified in Vietnamese children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder using high-resolution SNP genotyping platform. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2360. [PMID: 38287090 PMCID: PMC10825208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is highly diverse showing a broad phenotypic spectrum. ASD also couples with a broad range of mutations, both de novo and inherited. In this study, we used a proprietary SNP genotyping chip to analyze the genomic DNA of 250 Vietnamese children diagnosed with ASD. Our Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping chip directly targets more than 800 thousand SNPs in the genome. Our primary focus was to identify pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations that are potentially linked to more severe symptoms of autism. We identified and validated 23 pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations in this initial study. The data shows that these mutations were detected in several cases spanning multiple biological pathways. Among the confirmed SNPs, mutations were identified in genes previously known to be strongly associated with ASD such as SLCO1B1, ACADSB, TCF4, HCP5, MOCOS, SRD5A2, MCCC2, DCC, and PRKN while several other mutations are known to associate with autistic traits or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Some mutations were found in multiple patients and some patients carried multiple pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutations. These findings contribute to the identification of potential targets for therapeutic solutions in what is considered a genetically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen T Bui
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Anh N V Ton
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
- Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Chi T D Nguyen
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Son H Nguyen
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hao K Tran
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Xuan T Nguyen
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hang T Nguyen
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Giang L T Pham
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Dong S Tran
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Jillian Harrington
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
| | - Hiep N Pham
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tuyen N V Pham
- Pediatric Center Hue Central Hospital, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam
| | - Tuan A Cao
- Genetica Research Foundation, National Innovation Center, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Gene Friend Way Inc, San Francisco, USA
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Brown CO, Uy JA, Murtaza N, Rosa E, Alfonso A, Dave BM, Kilpatrick S, Cheng AA, White SH, Scherer SW, Singh KK. Disruption of the autism-associated gene SCN2A alters synaptic development and neuronal signaling in patient iPSC-glutamatergic neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 17:1239069. [PMID: 38293651 PMCID: PMC10824931 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1239069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SCN2A is an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk gene and encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel. However, the impact of ASD-associated SCN2A de novo variants on human neuron development is unknown. We studied SCN2A using isogenic SCN2A-/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and patient-derived iPSCs harboring a de novo R607* truncating variant. We used Neurogenin2 to generate excitatory (glutamatergic) neurons and found that SCN2A+/R607* and SCN2A-/- neurons displayed a reduction in synapse formation and excitatory synaptic activity. We found differential impact on actional potential dynamics and neuronal excitability that reveals a loss-of-function effect of the R607* variant. Our study reveals that a de novo truncating SCN2A variant impairs the development of human neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad O. Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jarryll A. Uy
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nadeem Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elyse Rosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandria Alfonso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Biren M. Dave
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Savannah Kilpatrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Annie A. Cheng
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sean H. White
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- SickKids Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karun K. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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3
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Huang J, Fan X, Jin X, Teng L, Yan N. Dual-pocket inhibition of Na v channels by the antiepileptic drug lamotrigine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309773120. [PMID: 37782796 PMCID: PMC10576118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309773120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels govern membrane excitability, thus setting the foundation for various physiological and neuronal processes. Nav channels serve as the primary targets for several classes of widely used and investigational drugs, including local anesthetics, antiepileptic drugs, antiarrhythmics, and analgesics. In this study, we present cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human Nav1.7 bound to two clinical drugs, riluzole (RLZ) and lamotrigine (LTG), at resolutions of 2.9 Å and 2.7 Å, respectively. A 3D EM reconstruction of ligand-free Nav1.7 was also obtained at 2.1 Å resolution. RLZ resides in the central cavity of the pore domain and is coordinated by residues from repeats III and IV. Whereas one LTG molecule also binds to the central cavity, the other is found beneath the intracellular gate, known as site BIG. Therefore, LTG, similar to lacosamide and cannabidiol, blocks Nav channels via a dual-pocket mechanism. These structures, complemented with docking and mutational analyses, also explain the structure-activity relationships of the LTG-related linear 6,6 series that have been developed for improved efficacy and subtype specificity on different Nav channels. Our findings reveal the molecular basis for these drugs' mechanism of action and will aid the development of novel antiepileptic and pain-relieving drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Liming Teng
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ08544
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province518107, China
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4
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Vien T, Ta M, Kimura L, Onay T, DeCaen P. Primary cilia TRP channel regulates hippocampal excitability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219686120. [PMID: 37216541 PMCID: PMC10235993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219686120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystins (PKD2, PKD2L1, and PKD2L2) are members of the transient receptor potential family, which form ciliary ion channels. Most notably, PKD2 dysregulation in the kidney nephron cilia is associated with polycystic kidney disease, but the function of PKD2L1 in neurons is undefined. In this report, we develop animal models to track the expression and subcellular localization of PKD2L1 in the brain. We discover that PKD2L1 localizes and functions as a Ca2+ channel in the primary cilia of hippocampal neurons that apically radiate from the soma. Loss of PKD2L1 expression ablates primary ciliary maturation and attenuates neuronal high-frequency excitability, which precipitates seizure susceptibility and autism spectrum disorder-like behavior in mice. The disproportionate impairment of interneuron excitability suggests that circuit disinhibition underlies the neurophenotypic features of these mice. Our results identify PKD2L1 channels as regulators of hippocampal excitability and the neuronal primary cilia as organelle mediators of brain electrical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy N. Vien
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - My C. Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Louise F. Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60911
| | - Paul G. DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL60611
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5
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Almomani R, Sopacua M, Marchi M, Ślęczkowska M, Lindsey P, de Greef BTA, Hoeijmakers JGJ, Salvi E, Merkies ISJ, Ferdousi M, Malik RA, Ziegler D, Derks KWJ, Boenhof G, Martinelli-Boneschi F, Cazzato D, Lombardi R, Dib-Hajj S, Waxman SG, Smeets HJM, Gerrits MM, Faber CG, Lauria G. Genetic Profiling of Sodium Channels in Diabetic Painful and Painless and Idiopathic Painful and Painless Neuropathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098278. [PMID: 37175987 PMCID: PMC10179245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a frequent feature of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and small fiber neuropathy (SFN). Resolving the genetic architecture of these painful neuropathies will lead to better disease management strategies, counselling and intervention. Our aims were to profile ten sodium channel genes (SCG) expressed in a nociceptive pathway in painful and painless DPN and painful and painless SFN patients, and to provide a perspective for clinicians who assess patients with painful peripheral neuropathy. Between June 2014 and September 2016, 1125 patients with painful-DPN (n = 237), painless-DPN (n = 309), painful-SFN (n = 547) and painless-SFN (n = 32), recruited in four different centers, were analyzed for SCN3A, SCN7A-SCN11A and SCN1B-SCN4B variants by single molecule Molecular inversion probes-Next Generation Sequence. Patients were grouped based on phenotype and the presence of SCG variants. Screening of SCN3A, SCN7A-SCN11A, and SCN1B-SCN4B revealed 125 different (potential) pathogenic variants in 194 patients (17.2%, n = 194/1125). A potential pathogenic variant was present in 18.1% (n = 142/784) of painful neuropathy patients vs. 15.2% (n = 52/341) of painless neuropathy patients (17.3% (n = 41/237) for painful-DPN patients, 14.9% (n = 46/309) for painless-DPN patients, 18.5% (n = 101/547) for painful-SFN patients, and 18.8% (n = 6/32) for painless-SFN patients). Of the variants detected, 70% were in SCN7A, SCN9A, SCN10A and SCN11A. The frequency of SCN9A and SCN11A variants was the highest in painful-SFN patients, SCN7A variants in painful-DPN patients, and SCN10A variants in painless-DPN patients. Our findings suggest that rare SCG genetic variants may contribute to the development of painful neuropathy. Genetic profiling and SCG variant identification should aid in a better understanding of the genetic variability in patients with painful and painless neuropathy, and may lead to better risk stratification and the development of more targeted and personalized pain treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Almomani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Sopacua
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Margherita Marchi
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Milena Ślęczkowska
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Lindsey
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca T A de Greef
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke G J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ingemar S J Merkies
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Curaçao Medical Center, 4365+37Q, J. H. J. Hamelbergweg, Willemstad, Curacao
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9P, UK
| | - Rayaz A Malik
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9P, UK
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | - Dan Ziegler
- German Diabetes Centre, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kasper W J Derks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gidon Boenhof
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Filippo Martinelli-Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Cazzato
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lombardi
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Sulayman Dib-Hajj
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Stephen G Waxman
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hubert J M Smeets
- Clinical Genomics Unit, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique M Gerrits
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Catharina G Faber
- Department of Neurology, School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Lauria
- Neuroalgology Unit, IRCCS Foundation "Carlo Besta" Neurological Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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6
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Alberini G, Alexis Paz S, Corradi B, Abrams CF, Benfenati F, Maragliano L. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ion Permeation in Human Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2953-2972. [PMID: 37116214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent determination of cryo-EM structures of voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels has revealed many details of these proteins. However, knowledge of ionic permeation through the Nav pore remains limited. In this work, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the structural features of various neuronal Nav channels based on homology modeling of the cryo-EM structure of the human Nav1.4 channel and, in addition, on the recently resolved configuration for Nav1.2. In particular, single Na+ permeation events during standard MD runs suggest that the ion resides in the inner part of the Nav selectivity filter (SF). On-the-fly free energy parametrization (OTFP) temperature-accelerated molecular dynamics (TAMD) was also used to calculate two-dimensional free energy surfaces (FESs) related to single/double Na+ translocation through the SF of the homology-based Nav1.2 model and the cryo-EM Nav1.2 structure, with different realizations of the DEKA filter domain. These additional simulations revealed distinct mechanisms for single and double Na+ permeation through the wild-type SF, which has a charged lysine in the DEKA ring. Moreover, the configurations of the ions in the SF corresponding to the metastable states of the FESs are specific for each SF motif. Overall, the description of these mechanisms gives us new insights into ion conduction in human Nav cryo-EM-based and cryo-EM configurations that could advance understanding of these systems and how they differ from potassium and bacterial Nav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Alberini
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Sergio Alexis Paz
- Departamento de Química Teórica y Computacional, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatrice Corradi
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cameron F Abrams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Fabio Benfenati
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Luca Maragliano
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology (NSYN@UniGe), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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7
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Ghosh A, Nadella N, Monaghan-Nichols AP, Chu XP. Gene Therapy as an Emerging Treatment for Scn2a Mutation-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorders. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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8
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Involvement of Rare Mutations of SCN9A, DPP4, ABCA13, and SYT14 in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413189. [PMID: 34947986 PMCID: PMC8709054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare mutations associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) usually have high clinical penetrance; however, they are highly heterogeneous and personalized. Identifying rare mutations is instrumental in making the molecular diagnosis, understanding the pathogenesis, and providing genetic counseling for the affected individuals and families. We conducted whole-genome sequencing analysis in two multiplex families with the dominant inheritance of SZ and BD. We detected a G327E mutation of SCN9A and an A654V mutation of DPP4 cosegregating with SZ and BD in one three-generation multiplex family. We also identified three mutations cosegregating with SZ and BD in another two-generation multiplex family, including L711S of SCN9A, M4554I of ABCA13, and P159L of SYT14. These five missense mutations were rare and deleterious. Mutations of SCN9A have initially been reported to cause congenital insensitivity to pain and neuropathic pain syndromes. Further studies showed that rare mutations of SCN9A were associated with seizure and autism spectrum disorders. Our findings suggest that SZ and BD might also be part of the clinical phenotype spectra of SCN9A mutations. Our study also indicates the oligogenic involvement in SZ and BD and supports the multiple-hit model of SZ and BD.
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9
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Bagheri S, Haddadi R, Saki S, Kourosh-Arami M, Komaki A. The effect of sodium channels on neurological/neuronal disorders: A systematic review. Int J Dev Neurosci 2021; 81:669-685. [PMID: 34687079 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological and neuronal disorders are associated with structural, biochemical, or electrical abnormalities in the nervous system. Many neurological diseases have not yet been discovered. Interventions used for the treatment of these disorders include avoidance measures, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy, neurorehabilitation, pain management, medication, and surgery. In the sodium channelopathies, alterations in the structure, expression, and function of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are considered as the causes of neurological and neuronal diseases. Online databases, including Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and PubMed were assessed for studies published between 1977 and 2020 using the keywords of review, sodium channels blocker, neurological diseases, and neuronal diseases. VGSCs consist of one α subunit and two β subunits. These subunits are known to regulate the gating kinetics, functional characteristics, and localization of the ion channel. These channels are involved in cell migration, cellular connections, neuronal pathfinding, and neurite outgrowth. Through the VGSC, the action potential is triggered and propagated in the neurons. Action potentials are physiological functions and passage of impermeable ions. The electrophysiological properties of these channels and their relationship with neurological and neuronal disorders have been identified. Subunit mutations are involved in the development of diseases, such as epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, autism, and Alzheimer's disease. Accordingly, we conducted a review of the link between VGSCs and neurological and neuronal diseases. Also, novel therapeutic targets were introduced for future drug discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokufeh Bagheri
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sahar Saki
- Vice-Chancellor for Research and Technology, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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10
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Katnik C, Cuevas J. Loop Diuretics Inhibit Ischemia-Induced Intracellular Ca 2+ Overload in Neurons via the Inhibition of Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ and Na + Channels. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732922. [PMID: 34603048 PMCID: PMC8479115 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One consequence of ischemic stroke is disruption of intracellular ionic homeostasis. Intracellular overload of both Na+ and Ca2+ has been linked to neuronal death in this pathophysiological state. The etiology of ionic imbalances resulting from stroke-induced ischemia and acidosis includes the dysregulation of multiple plasma membrane transport proteins, such as increased activity of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter-1 (NKCC-1). Experiments using NKCC1 antagonists, bumetanide (BMN) and ethacrynic acid (EA), were carried out to determine if inhibition of this cotransporter affects Na+ and Ca2+ overload observed following in vitro ischemia-acidosis. Fluorometric Ca2+ and Na+ measurements were performed using cultured cortical neurons, and measurements of whole-cell membrane currents were used to determine target(s) of BMN and EA, other than the electroneutral NKCC-1. Both BMN and EA depressed ischemia-acidosis induced [Ca2+]i overload without appreciably reducing [Na+]i increases. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels were inhibited by both BMN and EA with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4 and 36 μM, respectively. Similarly, voltage-gated Na+ channels were blocked by BMN and EA with IC50 values of 13 and 30 μM, respectively. However, neither BMN nor EA affected currents mediated by acid-sensing ion channels or ionotropic glutamatergic receptors, both of which are known to produce [Ca2+]i overload following ischemia. Data suggest that loop diuretics effectively inhibit voltage-gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels at clinically relevant concentrations, and block of these channels by these compounds likely contributes to their clinical effects. Importantly, inhibition of these channels, and not NKCC1, by loop diuretics reduces [Ca2+]i overload in neurons during ischemia-acidosis, and thus BMN and EA could potentially be used therapeutically to lessen injury following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Katnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Javier Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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11
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Comparative structural analysis of human Na v1.1 and Na v1.5 reveals mutational hotspots for sodium channelopathies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100066118. [PMID: 33712547 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100066118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the nine subtypes of human voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels, the brain and cardiac isoforms, Nav1.1 and Nav1.5, each carry more than 400 missense mutations respectively associated with epilepsy and cardiac disorders. High-resolution structures are required for structure-function relationship dissection of the disease variants. We report the cryo-EM structures of the full-length human Nav1.1-β4 complex at 3.3 Å resolution here and the Nav1.5-E1784K variant in the accompanying paper. Up to 341 and 261 disease-related missense mutations in Nav1.1 and Nav1.5, respectively, are resolved. Comparative structural analysis reveals several clusters of disease mutations that are common to both Nav1.1 and Nav1.5. Among these, the majority of mutations on the extracellular loops above the pore domain and the supporting segments for the selectivity filter may impair structural integrity, while those on the pore domain and the voltage-sensing domains mostly interfere with electromechanical coupling and fast inactivation. Our systematic structural delineation of these mutations provides important insight into their pathogenic mechanism, which will facilitate the development of precise therapeutic interventions against various sodium channelopathies.
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12
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Lin CH, Lin WD, Chou IC, Lee IC, Hong SY. Is Preterm Birth a Risk Factor for Subsequent Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children with Febrile Seizure?-A Retrospective Study. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080854. [PMID: 34440598 PMCID: PMC8398685 DOI: 10.3390/life11080854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizure (FS) is the most prevalent childhood seizure; it is significantly related to subsequent epilepsy and has possible links to childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. Separately, premature births are believed to increase the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, this study investigated whether preterm birth is a risk factor for subsequent epilepsy, ASD, and ADHD in children with FS. We retrospectively collected data for children aged < 5 years with FS from 1 January 2005, to 31 December 2013. We divided these children into two groups-the premature birth group and the full-term group-and compared their incidence rates of epilepsy, ASD and ADHD. The data of 426 patients with history of febrile convulsion were retrospectively collected. The premature birth group (FS+/preterm+) had 108 patients and the full-term group (FS+/preterm-) had 318 patients. The overall epilepsy risk in the FS+/preterm+ group was higher than in the FS+/preterm- group (odds ratio [OR], 2.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-5.58; p = 0.02). The overall risk of ADHD in the FS+/preterm+ group was higher than that in the FS+/preterm- group (OR, 6.41; 95% CI, 3.39-12.09; p = 0.0001). In addition, children with FS+/preterm+ had 16.9 times (95% CI, 4.79-59.7; p = 0.0001) higher odds of having ASD compared with those with FS+/preterm-. Preterm birth may be a risk factor for subsequent epilepsy, ASD and ADHD in children with FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Heng Lin
- Division of Pediatrics Pulmonology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Wei-De Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
| | - Inn-Chi Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan;
| | - Syuan-Yu Hong
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University Children’s Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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13
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Heinrichs B, Liu B, Zhang J, Meents JE, Le K, Erickson A, Hautvast P, Zhu X, Li N, Liu Y, Spehr M, Habel U, Rothermel M, Namer B, Zhang X, Lampert A, Duan G. The Potential Effect of Na v 1.8 in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence From a Congenital Case With Compound Heterozygous SCN10A Mutations. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:709228. [PMID: 34385907 PMCID: PMC8354588 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.709228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from the most prominent symptoms in Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), namely deficits in social interaction, communication and repetitive behavior, patients often show abnormal sensory reactivity to environmental stimuli. Especially potentially painful stimuli are reported to be experienced in a different way compared to healthy persons. In our present study, we identified an ASD patient carrying compound heterozygous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) Na v 1.8, which is preferentially expressed in sensory neurons. We expressed both mutations, p.I1511M and p.R512∗, in a heterologous expression system and investigated their biophysical properties using patch-clamp recordings. The results of these experiments reveal that the p.R512∗ mutation renders the channel non-functional, while the p.I1511M mutation showed only minor effects on the channel's function. Behavioral experiments in a Na v 1.8 loss-of-function mouse model additionally revealed that Na v 1.8 may play a role in autism-like symptomatology. Our results present Na v 1.8 as a protein potentially involved in ASD pathophysiology and may therefore offer new insights into the genetic basis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Heinrichs
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Baowen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jannis E. Meents
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kim Le
- Department of Chemosensation, AG Neuromodulation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andelain Erickson
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Hautvast
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiwen Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Marc Spehr
- Department of Chemosensation, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Brain Structure-Function Relationships: Decoding the Human Brain at Systemic Levels, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hanover, Germany
| | - Barbara Namer
- Research Group Neurosciences of the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Angelika Lampert
- Institute of Physiology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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14
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Hernández‐Jerez A, Adriaanse P, Aldrich A, Berny P, Coja T, Duquesne S, Focks A, Marinovich M, Millet M, Pelkonen O, Pieper S, Tiktak A, Topping C, Widenfalk A, Wilks M, Wolterink G, Crofton K, Hougaard Bennekou S, Paparella M, Tzoulaki I. Development of Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) case studies on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) risk assessment. EFSA J 2021. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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15
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Hemizygous mutations in L1CAM in two unrelated male probands with childhood onset psychosis. Psychiatr Genet 2021; 30:73-82. [PMID: 32404617 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genes underlying childhood onset psychosis. METHODS Patients with onset of psychosis at age 13 or younger were identified from clinics across England, and they and their parents were exome sequenced and analysed for possible highly penetrant genetic contributors. RESULTS We report two male childhood onset psychosis patients of different ancestries carrying hemizygous very rare possibly damaging missense variants (p.Arg846His and p.Pro145Ser) in the L1CAM gene. L1CAM is an X-linked Mendelian disease gene in which both missense and loss of function variants are associated with syndromic forms of intellectual disability and developmental disorder. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study reporting a possible extension of the phenotype of L1CAM variant carriers to childhood onset psychosis. The family history and presence of other significant rare genetic variants in the patients suggest that there may be genetic interactions modulating the presentation.
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16
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Brown CO, Uy J, Singh KK. A mini-review: Bridging the gap between autism spectrum disorder and pain comorbidities. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PAIN-REVUE CANADIENNE DE LA DOULEUR 2020; 4:37-44. [PMID: 33987518 PMCID: PMC7942773 DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2020.1775486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Background Pain is a complex neurobiological response with a multitude of causes; however, patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report chronic pain with no known etiology. Recent research has been aimed toward identifying the causal mechanisms of pain in mouse and human models of ASD. In recent years, efforts have been made to better document and explore secondary phenotypes observed in ASD patients in the clinic. As new sequencing studies have become more powered with larger cohorts within ASD, specific genes and their variants are often left uncharacterized or validated. In this review we highlight ASD risk genes often presented with pain comorbidities. Aims This mini-review bridges the gap between two fields of literature, neurodevelopmental disorders and pain research. We discuss the importance of the genetic landscape of ASD and its links to pain phenotypes. Results Among the numerous genes implicated in ASD, few have been implicated with varying severities of pain comorbidity. Mutations in these genes, such as SCN9A, SHANK3, and CNTNAP2, lead to altered neuronal function that produce different responses to pain, shown in both mouse and human models. Conclusion There is a necessity to use new technologies to advance the current understanding of ASD risk genes and their contributions to pain. Secondly, there is a need to power future ASD risk genes associated with pain with their own cohort, because a better understanding is needed of this subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad O Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jarryll Uy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karun K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Chemometric Models of Differential Amino Acids at the Na vα and Na vβ Interface of Mammalian Sodium Channel Isoforms. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153551. [PMID: 32756517 PMCID: PMC7435598 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) are integral membrane proteins that allow the sodium ion flux into the excitable cells and initiate the action potential. They comprise an α (Navα) subunit that forms the channel pore and are coupled to one or more auxiliary β (Navβ) subunits that modulate the gating to a variable extent. (2) Methods: after performing homology in silico modeling for all nine isoforms (Nav1.1α to Nav1.9α), the Navα and Navβ protein-protein interaction (PPI) was analyzed chemometrically based on the primary and secondary structures as well as topological or spatial mapping. (3) Results: our findings reveal a unique isoform-specific correspondence between certain segments of the extracellular loops of the Navα subunits. Precisely, loop S5 in domain I forms part of the PPI and assists Navβ1 or Navβ3 on all nine mammalian isoforms. The implied molecular movements resemble macroscopic springs, all of which explains published voltage sensor effects on sodium channel fast inactivation in gating. (4) Conclusions: currently, the specific functions exerted by the Navβ1 or Navβ3 subunits on the modulation of Navα gating remain unknown. Our work determined functional interaction in the extracellular domains on theoretical grounds and we propose a schematic model of the gating mechanism of fast channel sodium current inactivation by educated guessing.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To better understand the shared basis of language and mental health, this review examines the behavioral and neurobiological features of aberrant language in five major neuropsychiatric conditions. Special attention is paid to genes implicated in both language and neuropsychiatric disorders, as they reveal biological domains likely to underpin the processes controlling both. RECENT FINDINGS Abnormal language and communication are common manifestations of neuropsychiatric conditions, and children with impaired language are more likely to develop psychiatric disorders than their peers. Major themes in the genetics of both language and psychiatry include master transcriptional regulators, like FOXP2; key developmental regulators, like AUTS2; and mediators of neurotransmission, like GRIN2A and CACNA1C.
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19
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Cellular and molecular characterization of multiplex autism in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Mol Autism 2019; 10:51. [PMID: 31893020 PMCID: PMC6936127 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-019-0306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with pronounced heritability in the general population. This is largely attributable to the effects of polygenic susceptibility, with inherited liability exhibiting distinct sex differences in phenotypic expression. Attempts to model ASD in human cellular systems have principally involved rare de novo mutations associated with ASD phenocopies. However, by definition, these models are not representative of polygenic liability, which accounts for the vast share of population-attributable risk. Methods Here, we performed what is, to our knowledge, the first attempt to model multiplex autism using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in a family manifesting incremental degrees of phenotypic expression of inherited liability (absent, intermediate, severe). The family members share an inherited variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in GPD2, a gene that was previously associated with developmental disability but here is insufficient by itself to cause ASD. iPSCs from three first-degree relatives and an unrelated control were differentiated into both cortical excitatory (cExN) and cortical inhibitory (cIN) neurons, and cellular phenotyping and transcriptomic analysis were conducted. Results cExN neurospheres from the two affected individuals were reduced in size, compared to those derived from unaffected related and unrelated individuals. This reduction was, at least in part, due to increased apoptosis of cells from affected individuals upon initiation of cExN neural induction. Likewise, cIN neural progenitor cells from affected individuals exhibited increased apoptosis, compared to both unaffected individuals. Transcriptomic analysis of both cExN and cIN neural progenitor cells revealed distinct molecular signatures associated with affectation, including the misregulation of suites of genes associated with neural development, neuronal function, and behavior, as well as altered expression of ASD risk-associated genes. Conclusions We have provided evidence of morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic signatures of polygenic liability to ASD from an analysis of cellular models derived from a multiplex autism family. ASD is commonly inherited on the basis of additive genetic liability. Therefore, identifying convergent cellular and molecular phenotypes resulting from polygenic and monogenic susceptibility may provide a critical bridge for determining which of the disparate effects of rare highly deleterious mutations might also apply to common autistic syndromes.
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20
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Li ZM, Chen LX, Li H. Voltage-gated Sodium Channels and Blockers: An Overview and Where Will They Go? Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:863-873. [PMID: 31845216 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are critical players in the generation and propagation of action potentials by triggering membrane depolarization. Mutations in Nav channels are associated with a variety of channelopathies, which makes them relevant targets for pharmaceutical intervention. So far, the cryoelectron microscopic structure of the human Nav1.2, Nav1.4, and Nav1.7 has been reported, which sheds light on the molecular basis of functional mechanism of Nav channels and provides a path toward structure-based drug discovery. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the structure, molecular mechanism and modulation of Nav channels, and state updated sodium channel blockers for the treatment of pathophysiology disorders and briefly discuss where the blockers may be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Mei Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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21
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Changes in the Fluorescence Tracking of NaV1.6 Protein Expression in a BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J Autistic Mouse Model. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:4893103. [PMID: 31933626 PMCID: PMC6942885 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4893103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential initiation in neurons, is a critical determinant of neuronal excitability. Growing evidence indicates that appropriate recruitment of the AIS macrocomplex is essential for synchronized firing. However, disruption of the AIS structure is linked to the etiology of multiple disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a condition characterized by deficits in social communication, stereotyped behaviors, and very limited interests. To date, a complete understanding of the molecular components that underlie the AIS in ASD has remained elusive. In this research, we examined the AIS structure in a BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J mouse model (BTBR), a valid model that exhibits behavioral, electrical, and molecular features of autism, and compared this to the C57BL/6J wild-type control mouse. Using Western blot studies and high-resolution confocal microscopy in the prefrontal frontal cortex (PFC), our data indicate disrupted expression of different isoforms of the voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) at the AIS, whereas other components of AIS such as ankyrin-G and fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) and contactin-associated protein 1 (Caspr) in BTBR were comparable to those in wild-type control mice. A Western blot assay showed that BTBR mice exhibited a marked increase in different sodium channel isoforms in the PFC compared to wild-type mice. Our results provide potential evidence for previously undescribed mechanisms that may play a role in the pathogenesis of autistic-like phenotypes in BTBR mice.
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22
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Exploration of Ion Channels in the Clitoris: a Review. CURRENT SEXUAL HEALTH REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11930-019-00206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Patowary A, Won SY, Oh SJ, Nesbitt RR, Archer M, Nickerson D, Raskind WH, Bernier R, Lee JE, Brkanac Z. Family-based exome sequencing and case-control analysis implicate CEP41 as an ASD gene. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:4. [PMID: 30664616 PMCID: PMC6341097 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component. Although next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been successfully applied to gene identification in de novo ASD, the genetic architecture of familial ASD remains largely unexplored. Our approach, which leverages the high specificity and sensitivity of NGS technology, has focused on rare variants in familial autism. We used NGS exome sequencing in 26 families with distantly related affected individuals to identify genes with private gene disrupting and missense variants of interest (VOI). We found that the genes carrying VOIs were enriched for biological processes related to cell projection organization and neuron development, which is consistent with the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of ASD. For a subset of genes carrying VOIs, we then used targeted NGS sequencing and gene-based variant burden case-control analysis to test for association with ASD. Missense variants in one gene, CEP41, associated significantly with ASD (p = 6.185e-05). Homozygous gene-disrupting variants in CEP41 were initially found to be responsible for recessive Joubert syndrome. Using a zebrafish model, we evaluated the mechanism by which the CEP41 variants might contribute to ASD. We found that CEP41 missense variants affect development of the axonal tract, cranial neural crest migration and social behavior phenotype. Our work demonstrates the involvement of CEP41 heterozygous missense variants in ASD and that biological processes involved in cell projection organization and neuron development are enriched in ASD families we have studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Patowary
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - So Yeon Won
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Ji Oh
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryan R Nesbitt
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Marilyn Archer
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Debbie Nickerson
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Wendy H. Raskind
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA ,0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea. .,Division of Medical Science Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Zoran Brkanac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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25
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Pan X, Li Z, Zhou Q, Shen H, Wu K, Huang X, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhu X, Lei J, Xiong W, Gong H, Xiao B, Yan N. Structure of the human voltage-gated sodium channel Na v1.4 in complex with β1. Science 2018; 362:science.aau2486. [PMID: 30190309 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau2486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels, which are responsible for action potential generation, are implicated in many human diseases. Despite decades of rigorous characterization, the lack of a structure of any human Nav channel has hampered mechanistic understanding. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the human Nav1.4-β1 complex at 3.2-Å resolution. Accurate model building was made for the pore domain, the voltage-sensing domains, and the β1 subunit, providing insight into the molecular basis for Na+ permeation and kinetic asymmetry of the four repeats. Structural analysis of reported functional residues and disease mutations corroborates an allosteric blocking mechanism for fast inactivation of Nav channels. The structure provides a path toward mechanistic investigation of Nav channels and drug discovery for Nav channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhangqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaizong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaofeng Chen
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juanrong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuechen Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianlin Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haipeng Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bailong Xiao
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Gonçalves TC, Benoit E, Partiseti M, Servent D. The Na V1.7 Channel Subtype as an Antinociceptive Target for Spider Toxins in Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1000. [PMID: 30233376 PMCID: PMC6131673 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although necessary for human survival, pain may sometimes become pathologic if long-lasting and associated with alterations in its signaling pathway. Opioid painkillers are officially used to treat moderate to severe, and even mild, pain. However, the consequent strong and not so rare complications that occur, including addiction and overdose, combined with pain management costs, remain an important societal and economic concern. In this context, animal venom toxins represent an original source of antinociceptive peptides that mainly target ion channels (such as ASICs as well as TRP, CaV, KV and NaV channels) involved in pain transmission. The present review aims to highlight the NaV1.7 channel subtype as an antinociceptive target for spider toxins in adult dorsal root ganglia neurons. It will detail (i) the characteristics of these primary sensory neurons, the first ones in contact with pain stimulus and conveying the nociceptive message, (ii) the electrophysiological properties of the different NaV channel subtypes expressed in these neurons, with a particular attention on the NaV1.7 subtype, an antinociceptive target of choice that has been validated by human genetic evidence, and (iii) the features of spider venom toxins, shaped of inhibitory cysteine knot motif, that present high affinity for the NaV1.7 subtype associated with evidenced analgesic efficacy in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia C Gonçalves
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery - High Content Biology, Paris, France.,Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Benoit
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR CNRS/Université Paris-Sud 9197, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Michel Partiseti
- Sanofi R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery - High Content Biology, Paris, France
| | - Denis Servent
- Service d'Ingénierie Moléculaire des Protéines, CEA de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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27
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Patowary A, Nesbitt R, Archer M, Bernier R, Brkanac Z. Next Generation Sequencing Mitochondrial DNA Analysis in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Autism Res 2017; 10:1338-1343. [PMID: 28419775 PMCID: PMC5573912 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a complex genetic disorder where both de-novo and inherited genetics factors play a role. Next generation sequencing approaches have been extensively used to identify rare variants associated with autism. To date, all such studies were focused on nuclear genome; thereby leaving the role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in autism unexplored. Recently, analytical tools have been developed to evaluate mtDNA in whole-exome data. We have analyzed the mtDNA sequence derived from whole-exome sequencing in 10 multiplex families. In one of the families we have identified two variants of interest in MT-ND5 gene that were previously determined to impair mitochondrial function. In addition in a second family we have identified two VOIs; mtDNA variant in MT-ATP6 and nuclear DNA variant in NDUFS4, where both VOIs are within mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex. Our findings provide further support for the role of mitochondria in ASD and confirm that whole-exome sequencing allows for analysis of mtDNA, which sets a stage for further comprehensive genetic investigations of the role of mitochondria in autism. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1338-1343. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Patowary
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Ryan Nesbitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marilyn Archer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Zoran Brkanac
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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