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Saint-Martin Willer A, Montani D, Capuano V, Antigny F. Orai1/STIMs modulators in pulmonary vascular diseases. Cell Calcium 2024; 121:102892. [PMID: 38735127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a secondary messenger that regulates various cellular processes. However, Ca2+ mishandling could lead to pathological conditions. Orai1 is a Ca2+channel contributing to the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and plays a critical role in Ca2+ homeostasis in several cell types. Dysregulation of Orai1 contributed to severe combined immune deficiency syndrome, some cancers, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and other cardiorespiratory diseases. During its activation process, Orai1 is mainly regulated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM) proteins, especially STIM1; however, many other regulatory partners have also been recently described. Increasing knowledge about these regulatory partners provides a better view of the downstream signalling pathways of SOCE and offers an excellent opportunity to decipher Orai1 dysregulation in these diseases. These proteins participate in other cellular functions, making them attractive therapeutic targets. This review mainly focuses on Orai1 regulatory partners in the physiological and pathological conditions of the pulmonary circulation and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Saint-Martin Willer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France; Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; INSERM UMR_S 999 Hypertension pulmonaire: Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
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2
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Mo W, Liu G, Wu C, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wang J. STIM1 promotes IPEC-J2 porcine epithelial cell restitution by TRPC1 signaling. Anim Biotechnol 2022; 33:1492-1503. [PMID: 33866928 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1910044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial restitution is partly dependent on cell migration, which reseals superficial wounding after injury. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1) regulates porcine intestinal epithelial cell migration by activating transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) signaling. Results showed that the knockdown of STIM1 repressed cell migration after wounding, reduced the protein concentration of STIM1 and TRPC1, and decreased the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) content in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). However, overexpression of STIM1 obtained opposite results (p < 0.05). The inhibition of TRPC1 activity by treatment with SKF96365 in cells overexpressing wild-type and mutant STIM1 attenuated the STIM1 overexpression-induced increase of cell migration, STIM1, TRPC1 and IP3 (p < 0.05). In addition, polyamine depletion caused by α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) resulted in the decrease of above-mentioned parameters, and exogenous polyamine could attenuate the negative effects of DFMO on IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). Moreover, the overexpression of STIM1 could rescue cell migration, the protein level of STIM1 and TRPC1, and IP3 content in polyamine-deficient IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). These results indicated that STIM1 could enhance porcine intestinal epithelial cell migration via the TRPC1 signaling pathway. Inhibition of cell migration by polyamine depletion resulted from the reduction of STIM1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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3
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STIM1 is a core trigger of airway smooth muscle remodeling and hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2114557118. [PMID: 34949717 PMCID: PMC8740694 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114557118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) proteins are essential for the function of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Using transcriptomics, metabolomics, imaging, and inducible smooth muscle–specific STIM1 knockout mice expressing genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors, we reveal a crucial function of STIM1 in airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. STIM1-mediated Ca2+ oscillations in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are critical for ASM remodeling through metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming and cytokine secretion, including IL-6. These effects are driven by Ca2+-dependent activation of the transcription factor isoform NFAT4 specifically in ASM. Our data provide evidence that ASM STIM1 and SOCE are central triggers of asthma manifestations and advocate for the future use of STIM1 as a molecular target in asthma therapy. Airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness are central drivers of asthma severity. Airway remodeling is a structural change involving the dedifferentiation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from a quiescent to a proliferative and secretory phenotype. Here, we show up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) in ASM of asthmatic mice. STIM1 is required for metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming that supports airway remodeling, including ASM proliferation, migration, secretion of cytokines and extracellular matrix, enhanced mitochondrial mass, and increased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic flux. Mechanistically, STIM1-mediated Ca2+ influx is critical for the activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 4 and subsequent interleukin-6 secretion and transcription of pro-remodeling transcription factors, growth factors, surface receptors, and asthma-associated proteins. STIM1 drives airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice through enhanced frequency and amplitude of ASM cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations. Our data advocates for ASM STIM1 as a target for asthma therapy.
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4
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Relevance of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in experimental and human stroke. Pflugers Arch 2021; 474:141-153. [PMID: 34757454 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02636-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke represents a main cause of death and permanent disability worldwide. In the attempt to develop targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies, several efforts were performed over the last decades to identify the specific molecular abnormalities preceding cerebral ischemia and neuronal death. In this regard, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and intracellular calcium homeostasis appear important contributors to stroke development, as underscored by recent pre-clinical evidence. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is regulated, among other mechanisms, by the calcium sensor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium modulator (ORAI) members, which mediate the store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The activity of SOCE is deregulated in animal models of ischemic stroke, leading to ischemic injury exacerbation. We found a different pattern of expression of few SOCE components, dependent from a STIM1 mutation, in cerebral endothelial cells isolated from the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), compared to the stroke-resistant (SHRSR) strain, suggesting a potential involvement of this mechanism into the stroke predisposition of SHRSP. In this article, we discuss the relevant role of STIM1 in experimental stroke, as highlighted by the current literature and by our recent experimental findings, and the available evidence in the human disease. We also provide a glance on future perspectives and clinical implications of STIM1.
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5
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Sun X, Deng K, Zang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao B, Fan J, Huang L. Exploring the regulatory roles of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 141:106898. [PMID: 34302990 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure. Recent evidence has shown that circRNAs can regulate gene transcription, alternative splicing, microRNA (miRNA) "molecular sponges", RNA-binding proteins and protein translation. Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and more studies have indicated that circRNAs are related to atherosclerosis pathogenesis, including vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, inflammation and lipid metabolism. In this review, we systematically summarize the biogenesis, characteristics and functions of circRNAs with a focus on their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Boxin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyao Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Fang X, Dong S, Wu Y, He Y, Lu M, Shi D, Feng N, Yin S, Jiang Y, Zhang A, Ding Y, Zhang Q, Tang J, Zhang W, He X. Ameliorated biomechanical properties of carotid arteries by puerarin in spontaneously hypertensive rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:173. [PMID: 34154575 PMCID: PMC8216761 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An emerging body of evidence indicates that puerarin (PUE) plays an important role in the treatment of angina pectoris, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, but how PUE affects the vascular remodeling of hypertensive rats has not been reported yet. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of PUE on carotid arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to provide the basis for the clinical application of PUE. METHODS Thirty male SHR and six male Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) aged 3 months were used in this study, SHR rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, PUE(40 or 80 mg/kg/d, ip) and telmisartan (TELMI) (30 mg/kg/d, ig) were administrated for 3 months. We use DMT myography pressure-diameter system to investigate biomechanical properties of carotid arteries, 10 μM pan-classical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) inhibitor SKF96365, 200 nM specific TRPC6 inhibitor SAR7334 and 100 μM Orai1 inhibitor ANCOA4 were used in the mechanical test. RESULTS PUE can significantly decrease systolic and diastolic blood pressure, long-term administration of PUE resulted in a mild reduction of thickness and inner diameter of carotid artery. PUE ameliorate NE-response and vascular remodeling mainly through inhibiting TRPCs channel activities of VSMC. CONCLUSION PUE can ameliorate biomechanical remodeling of carotid arteries through inhibiting TRPCs channel activities of VSMC in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Fang
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Sheng Dong
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Min Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Na Feng
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Songhe Yin
- Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Anhua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Yan Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Qiufang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Junming Tang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
| | - Xiju He
- Department of Anatomy, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
- Department of Ultrasound, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000 China
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7
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Shawer H, Norman K, Cheng CW, Foster R, Beech DJ, Bailey MA. ORAI1 Ca 2+ Channel as a Therapeutic Target in Pathological Vascular Remodelling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653812. [PMID: 33937254 PMCID: PMC8083964 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are normally physiologically quiescent, arranged circumferentially in one or more layers within blood vessel walls. Remodelling of native VSMC to a proliferative state for vascular development, adaptation or repair is driven by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). A key effector downstream of PDGF receptors is store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) mediated through the plasma membrane calcium ion channel, ORAI1, which is activated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium store sensor, stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1). This SOCE was shown to play fundamental roles in the pathological remodelling of VSMC. Exciting transgenic lineage-tracing studies have revealed that the contribution of the phenotypically-modulated VSMC in atherosclerotic plaque formation is more significant than previously appreciated, and growing evidence supports the relevance of ORAI1 signalling in this pathologic remodelling. ORAI1 has also emerged as an attractive potential therapeutic target as it is accessible to extracellular compound inhibition. This is further supported by the progression of several ORAI1 inhibitors into clinical trials. Here we discuss the current knowledge of ORAI1-mediated signalling in pathologic vascular remodelling, particularly in the settings of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neointimal hyperplasia, and the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms by which ORAI1 coordinates VSMC phenotypic remodelling, through the activation of key transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T-cell (NFAT). In addition, we discuss advances in therapeutic strategies aimed at the ORAI1 target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Shawer
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Norman
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Chew W Cheng
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Foster
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - David J Beech
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc A Bailey
- School of Medicine, The Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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8
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Berlansky S, Humer C, Sallinger M, Frischauf I. More Than Just Simple Interaction between STIM and Orai Proteins: CRAC Channel Function Enabled by a Network of Interactions with Regulatory Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E471. [PMID: 33466526 PMCID: PMC7796502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel, activated by the release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is critical for Ca2+ homeostasis and active signal transduction in a plethora of cell types. Spurred by the long-sought decryption of the molecular nature of the CRAC channel, considerable scientific effort has been devoted to gaining insights into functional and structural mechanisms underlying this signalling cascade. Key players in CRAC channel function are the Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1. STIM1 proteins span through the membrane of the ER, are competent in sensing luminal Ca2+ concentration, and in turn, are responsible for relaying the signal of Ca2+ store-depletion to pore-forming Orai1 proteins in the plasma membrane. A direct interaction of STIM1 and Orai1 allows for the re-entry of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. Although much is already known about the structure, function, and interaction of STIM1 and Orai1, there is growing evidence that CRAC under physiological conditions is dependent on additional proteins to function properly. Several auxiliary proteins have been shown to regulate CRAC channel activity by means of direct interactions with STIM1 and/or Orai1, promoting or hindering Ca2+ influx in a mechanistically diverse manner. Various proteins have also been identified to exert a modulatory role on the CRAC signalling cascade although inherently lacking an affinity for both STIM1 and Orai1. Apart from ubiquitously expressed representatives, a subset of such regulatory mechanisms seems to allow for a cell-type-specific control of CRAC channel function, considering the rather restricted expression patterns of the specific proteins. Given the high functional and clinical relevance of both generic and cell-type-specific interacting networks, the following review shall provide a comprehensive summary of regulators of the multilayered CRAC channel signalling cascade. It also includes proteins expressed in a narrow spectrum of cells and tissues that are often disregarded in other reviews of similar topics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Irene Frischauf
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, 4020 Linz, Austria; (S.B.); (C.H.); (M.S.)
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9
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Peche GA, Spiegelhalter C, Silva-Rojas R, Laporte J, Böhm J. Functional analyses of STIM1 mutations reveal a common pathomechanism for tubular aggregate myopathy and Stormorken syndrome. Neuropathology 2020; 40:559-569. [PMID: 33073872 DOI: 10.1111/neup.12692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is a progressive disorder characterized by muscle weakness, cramps, and myalgia. TAM clinically overlaps with Stormorken syndrome (STRMK), combining TAM with miosis, thrombocytopenia, hyposplenism, ichthyosis, short stature, and dyslexia. TAM and STRMK arise from gain-of-function mutations in STIM1 (stromal interaction molecule 1) or ORAI1, both encoding key regulators of Ca2+ homeostasis, and mutations in either gene result in excessive extracellular Ca2+ entry. The pathomechanistic similarities and differences between TAM and STRMK are only partially understood. Here we provide functional in vitro experiments demonstrating that STIM1 harboring the TAM D84G or the STRMK R304W mutation similarly cluster and exert a dominant effect on the wild-type protein. Both mutants recruit ORAI1 to the clusters, increase cytosolic Ca2+ levels, promote major nuclear import of the Ca2+ -dependent transcription factor NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells), and trigger the formation of circular membrane stacks. In conclusion, the analyzed TAM and STRMK mutations have a comparable impact on STIM1 protein function and downstream effects of excessive Ca2+ entry, highlighting that TAM and STRMK involve a common pathomechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Arielle Peche
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Coralie Spiegelhalter
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Roberto Silva-Rojas
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,University of Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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10
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Johnson MT, Gudlur A, Zhang X, Xin P, Emrich SM, Yoast RE, Courjaret R, Nwokonko RM, Li W, Hempel N, Machaca K, Gill DL, Hogan PG, Trebak M. L-type Ca 2+ channel blockers promote vascular remodeling through activation of STIM proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17369-17380. [PMID: 32641503 PMCID: PMC7382247 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007598117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) blockers (LCCBs) are major drugs for treating hypertension, the preeminent risk factor for heart failure. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) remodeling is a pathological hallmark of chronic hypertension. VSMC remodeling is characterized by molecular rewiring of the cellular Ca2+ signaling machinery, including down-regulation of Cav1.2 channels and up-regulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stromal-interacting molecule (STIM) Ca2+ sensor proteins and the plasma membrane ORAI Ca2+ channels. STIM/ORAI proteins mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and drive fibro-proliferative gene programs during cardiovascular remodeling. SOCE is activated by agonists that induce depletion of ER Ca2+, causing STIM to activate ORAI. Here, we show that the three major classes of LCCBs activate STIM/ORAI-mediated Ca2+ entry in VSMCs. LCCBs act on the STIM N terminus to cause STIM relocalization to junctions and subsequent ORAI activation in a Cav1.2-independent and store depletion-independent manner. LCCB-induced promotion of VSMC remodeling requires STIM1, which is up-regulated in VSMCs from hypertensive rats. Epidemiology showed that LCCBs are more associated with heart failure than other antihypertensive drugs in patients. Our findings unravel a mechanism of LCCBs action on Ca2+ signaling and demonstrate that LCCBs promote vascular remodeling through STIM-mediated activation of ORAI. Our data indicate caution against the use of LCCBs in elderly patients or patients with advanced hypertension and/or onset of cardiovascular remodeling, where levels of STIM and ORAI are elevated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin T Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Aparna Gudlur
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ping Xin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Scott M Emrich
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Ryan E Yoast
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Raphael Courjaret
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert M Nwokonko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
- Department of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Donald L Gill
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Patrick G Hogan
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033;
- Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
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11
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Pichavaram P, Yin W, Evanson KW, Jaggar JH, Mancarella S. Elevated plasma catecholamines functionally compensate for the reduced myogenic tone in smooth muscle STIM1 knockout mice but with deleterious cardiac effects. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:668-678. [PMID: 29360991 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) has emerged as an important player in the regulation of growth and proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Therefore, we hypothesized that STIM1 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of vascular integrity. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether reduced expression of STIM1 could modify the structure and function of the vasculature, leading to changes in blood pressure (BP). Methods and results Smooth muscle-specific STIM1 knockout (sm-STIM1 KO) in mice resulted in arteries with ∼80% reduced STIM1 protein expression as compared with control mice. Mesenteric vessels exposed to increasing transmural pressure revealed attenuated myogenic reactivity and reduced vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine in sm-STIM1 KO arteries. BP monitored via telemetry in sm-STIM1 KO and matched controls did not reveal differences. However, heart rate was significantly increased in sm-STIM1 KO mice. Consistent with these findings, plasma catecholamine levels were higher in sm-STIM1 KO than in control mice. Increased sympathetic activity in sm-STIM1 KO mice was unmasked by apha1-adrenergic receptor inhibitor (prazosin) and by treatment with the ganglion-blocking agent, hexamethonium. Both treatments resulted in a greater reduction of BP in sm-STIM1 KO mice. Cytoskeleton of cultured smooth muscle cells was studied by immunocytochemistry using specific antibodies. Staining for actin and vinculin revealed significant alterations in the cytoskeletal architecture of cells isolated from sm-STIM1 KO arteries. Finally, although sm-STIM1 KO mice were protected from Ang II-induced hypertension, such treatment resulted in significant fibrosis and a rapid deterioration of cardiac function. Conclusions STIM1 deletion in smooth muscle results in attenuated myogenic tone and cytoskeletal defects with detrimental effects on the mechanical properties of arterial tissue. Although BP is maintained by elevated circulating catecholamine, this compensatory stimulation has a deleterious long-term effect on the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prahalathan Pichavaram
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 South Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 South Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kirk W Evanson
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 South Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 South Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 71 South Manassas Street, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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12
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Johnson M, Trebak M. ORAI channels in cellular remodeling of cardiorespiratory disease. Cell Calcium 2019; 79:1-10. [PMID: 30772685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory disease, which includes systemic arterial hypertension, restenosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are highly prevalent and devastating diseases with limited therapeutic modalities. A common pathophysiological theme to these diseases is cellular remodeling, which is contributed by changes in expression and activation of ion channels critical for either excitability or growth. Calcium (Ca2+) signaling and specifically ORAI Ca2+ channels have emerged as significant regulators of smooth muscle, endothelial, epithelial, platelet, and immune cell remodeling. This review details the dysregulation of ORAI in cardiorespiratory diseases, and how this dysregulation of ORAI contributes to cellular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
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13
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López-López JR, Cidad P, Pérez-García MT. Kv channels and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. Microcirculation 2018; 25. [PMID: 29110368 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kv channels are present in virtually all VSMCs and strongly influence contractile responses. However, they are also instrumental in the proliferative, migratory, and secretory functions of synthetic, dedifferentiated VSMCs upon PM. In fact, Kv channels not only contribute to all these processes but also are active players in the phenotypic switch itself. This review is focused on the role(s) of Kv channels in VSMC proliferation, which is one of the best characterized functions of dedifferentiated VSMCs. VSMC proliferation is a complex process requiring specific Kv channels at specific time and locations. Their identification is further complicated by their large diversity and the differences in expression across vascular beds. Of interest, both conserved changes in some Kv channels and vascular bed-specific regulation of others seem to coexist and participate in VSMC proliferation through complementary mechanisms. Such a system will add flexibility to the process while providing the required robustness to preserve this fundamental cellular response.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R López-López
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Cidad
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Pérez-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología e Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
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14
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Circ-SATB2 upregulates STIM1 expression and regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and differentiation through miR-939. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Nguyen NT, Han W, Cao W, Wang Y, Wen S, Huang Y, Li M, Du L, Zhou Y. Store‐Operated Calcium Entry Mediated by ORAI and STIM. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:981-1002. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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16
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Liu S, Yang Y, Jiang S, Tang N, Tian J, Ponnusamy M, Tariq MA, Lian Z, Xin H, Yu T. Understanding the role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in stent restenosis. Atherosclerosis 2018; 272:153-161. [PMID: 29609130 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading disorders with the highest mortality rate. Percutaneous angioplasty and stent implantation are the currently available standard methods for the treatment of obstructive coronary artery disease. However, the stent being an exogenous substance causes several complications by promoting the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells, immune responses and neointima formation after implantation, leading to post-stent restenosis (ISR) and late thrombosis. The prevention of these adverse vascular events is important to achieve long-term proper functioning of the heart after stent implantation. Non-coding ribonucleic acids (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules not translated into proteins, theyhave a great potential in regulating endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle function as well as inflammatory reactions. In this review, we outline the regulatory functions of different classes of ncRNA in cardiovascular disease and propose ncRNAs as new targets for stent restonosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Tang
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Akram Tariq
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, United states
| | - Zhexun Lian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 266000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Yu
- Institue for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, 266021, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Jia S, Rodriguez M, Williams AG, Yuan JP. Homer binds to Orai1 and TRPC channels in the neointima and regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5075. [PMID: 28698564 PMCID: PMC5506012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular components of store-operated Ca2+ influx channels (SOCs) in proliferative and migratory vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are quite intricate with many channels contributing to SOCs. They include the Ca2+-selective Orai1 and members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels, which are activated by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor STIM1. The scaffolding protein Homer assembles SOC complexes, but its role in VSMCs is not well understood. Here, we asked whether these SOC components and Homer1 are present in the same complex in VSMCs and how Homer1 contributes to VSMC SOCs, proliferation, and migration leading to neointima formation. Homer1 expression levels are upregulated in balloon-injured vs. uninjured VSMCs. Coimmunoprecipitation assays revealed the presence and interaction of all SOC components in the injured VSMCs, where Homer1 interacts with Orai1 and various TRPC channels. Accordingly, knockdown of Homer1 in cultured VSMCs partially inhibited SOCs, VSMC migration, and VSMC proliferation. Neointimal area was reduced after treatment with an adeno-associated viral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA against Homer1 mRNA (AAV-shHomer1). These findings stress the role of multiple Ca2+ influx channels in VSMCs and are the first to show the role of Homer proteins in VSMCs and its importance in neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Jia
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Arthur G Williams
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Joseph P Yuan
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Diseases, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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18
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Walker-Allgaier B, Schaub M, Alesutan I, Voelkl J, Geue S, Münzer P, Rodríguez JM, Kuhl D, Lang F, Gawaz M, Borst O. SGK1 up-regulates Orai1 expression and VSMC migration during neointima formation after arterial injury. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:1002-1005. [PMID: 28203685 DOI: 10.1160/th16-09-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Meinrad Gawaz, MD, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried Mueller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: +49 7071 2983688, Fax: +49 7071 294473 , E-mail:
| | - Oliver Borst
- Oliver Borst, MD, Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried Mueller-Str. 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany, Tel.: +49 7071 2984483, Fax: +49 7071 294473, E-mail:
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19
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Casciano JC, Duchemin NJ, Lamontagne RJ, Steel LF, Bouchard MJ. Hepatitis B virus modulates store-operated calcium entry to enhance viral replication in primary hepatocytes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0168328. [PMID: 28151934 PMCID: PMC5289456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses modulate calcium (Ca2+) signaling to create a cellular environment that is more permissive to viral replication, but for most viruses that regulate Ca2+ signaling, the mechanism underlying this regulation is not well understood. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) HBx protein modulates cytosolic Ca2+ levels to stimulate HBV replication in some liver cell lines. A chronic HBV infection is associated with life-threatening liver diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and HBx modulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels could have an important role in HBV pathogenesis. Whether HBx affects cytosolic Ca2+ in a normal hepatocyte, the natural site of an HBV infection, has not been addressed. Here, we report that HBx alters cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in cultured primary hepatocytes. We used single cell Ca2+ imaging of cultured primary rat hepatocytes to demonstrate that HBx elevates the cytosolic Ca2+ level in hepatocytes following an IP3-linked Ca2+ response; HBx effects were similar when expressed alone or in the context of replicating HBV. HBx elevation of the cytosolic Ca2+ level required extracellular Ca2+ influx and store-operated Ca2+ (SOC) entry and stimulated HBV replication in hepatocytes. We used both targeted RT-qPCR and transcriptome-wide RNAseq analyses to compare levels of SOC channel components and other Ca2+ signaling regulators in HBV-expressing and control hepatocytes and show that the transcript levels of these various proteins are not affected by HBV. We also show that HBx regulation of SOC-regulated Ca2+ accumulation is likely the consequence of HBV modulation of a SOC channel regulatory mechanism. In support of this, we link HBx enhancement of SOC-regulated Ca2+ accumulation to Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria and demonstrate that HBx stimulates mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in primary hepatocytes. The results of our study may provide insights into viral mechanisms that affect Ca2+ signaling to regulate viral replication and virus-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C. Casciano
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Duchemin
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology and Genetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - R. Jason Lamontagne
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Laura F. Steel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Tanwar J, Trebak M, Motiani RK. Cardiovascular and Hemostatic Disorders: Role of STIM and Orai Proteins in Vascular Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 993:425-452. [PMID: 28900927 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57732-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by STIM and Orai proteins is a highly regulated and ubiquitous signaling pathway that plays an important role in various cellular and physiological functions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the major site for intracellular Ca2+ storage. Stromal Interaction Molecule 1/2 (STIM1/2) sense decrease in ER Ca2+ levels and transmits the message to plasma membrane Ca2+ channels constituted by Orai family members (Orai1/2/3) resulting in Ca2+ influx into the cells. This increase in cytosolic Ca2+ in turn activates a variety of signaling cascades to regulate a plethora of cellular functions. Evidence from the literature suggests that SOCE dysregulation is associated with several pathophysiologies, including vascular disorders. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that STIM proteins may also regulate vascular functions independent of their contribution to SOCE. In this updated book chapter, we will focus on the physiological role of STIM and Orai proteins in the vasculature (endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells). We will further retrospect the literature implicating a critical role for these proteins in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- Systems Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110020, India
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Systems Biology Group, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110020, India.
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21
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Gareri C, De Rosa S, Indolfi C. MicroRNAs for Restenosis and Thrombosis After Vascular Injury. Circ Res 2016; 118:1170-84. [PMID: 27034278 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Percutaneous revascularization revolutionized the therapy of patients with coronary artery disease. Despite continuous technical advances that substantially improved patients' outcome after percutaneous revascularization, some issues are still open. In particular, restenosis still represents a challenge, even though it was dramatically reduced with the advent of drug-eluting stents. At the same time, drug-eluting stent thrombosis emerged as a major concern because of incomplete or delayed re-endothelialization after vascular injury. The discovery of microRNAs revealed a previously unknown layer of regulation for several biological processes, increasing our knowledge on the biological mechanisms underlying restenosis and stent thrombosis, revealing novel promising targets for more efficient and selective therapies. The present review summarizes recent experimental and clinical evidence on the role of microRNAs after arterial injury, focusing on practical aspects of their potential therapeutic application for selective inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, enhancement of endothelial regeneration, and inhibition of platelet activation after coronary interventions. Application of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Gareri
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.)
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.)
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- From the Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (C.G.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy (S.D.R., C.I.); and URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, URT of Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy (C.I.).
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22
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Kassan M, Ait-Aissa K, Radwan E, Mali V, Haddox S, Gabani M, Zhang W, Belmadani S, Irani K, Trebak M, Matrougui K. Essential Role of Smooth Muscle STIM1 in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Dysfunction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1900-9. [PMID: 27470514 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic hypertension is the most critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and stroke. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here we show that wild-type mice infused with angiotensin II develop hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, perivascular fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction with enhanced stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) expression in heart and vessels. All these pathologies were significantly blunted in mice lacking STIM1 specifically in smooth muscle (Stim1(SMC-/-)). Mechanistically, STIM1 upregulation during angiotensin II-induced hypertension was associated with enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress, and smooth muscle STIM1 was required for endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced vascular dysfunction through transforming growth factor-β and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent pathways. Accordingly, knockout mice for the endoplasmic reticulum stress proapoptotic transcriptional factor, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP(-/-)), were resistant to hypertension-induced cardiovascular pathologies. Wild-type mice infused with angiotensin II, but not Stim1(SMC-/-) or CHOP(-/-) mice showed elevated vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity and reduced phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, cGMP, and nitrite levels. CONCLUSIONS Thus, smooth muscle STIM1 plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension and associated cardiovascular pathologies and represents a promising target for cardiovascular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Eman Radwan
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Vishal Mali
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Samuel Haddox
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Souad Belmadani
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.)
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.).
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- From the Department of Physiology, Hypertension and Renal Center of Excellence, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA (M.K., K.M.); Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA (M.K., K.A.-A., E.R., V.M., S.H., S.B., K.M.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA (W.Z., M.T); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City (K.M., M.G., K.I.).
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Brozovich FV, Nicholson CJ, Degen CV, Gao YZ, Aggarwal M, Morgan KG. Mechanisms of Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction and the Basis for Pharmacologic Treatment of Smooth Muscle Disorders. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:476-532. [PMID: 27037223 PMCID: PMC4819215 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The smooth muscle cell directly drives the contraction of the vascular wall and hence regulates the size of the blood vessel lumen. We review here the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which agonists, therapeutics, and diseases regulate contractility of the vascular smooth muscle cell and we place this within the context of whole body function. We also discuss the implications for personalized medicine and highlight specific potential target molecules that may provide opportunities for the future development of new therapeutics to regulate vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F V Brozovich
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C J Nicholson
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - C V Degen
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - Yuan Z Gao
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - M Aggarwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
| | - K G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.J.N., Y.Z.G., M.A., K.G.M.); Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota (F.V.B.); and Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria (C.V.D.)
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24
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Spinelli AM, Trebak M. Orai channel-mediated Ca2+ signals in vascular and airway smooth muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C402-13. [PMID: 26718630 PMCID: PMC4796280 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00355.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Orai (Orai1, Orai2, and Orai3) proteins form a family of highly Ca(2+)-selective plasma membrane channels that are regulated by stromal-interacting molecules (STIM1 and STIM2); STIM proteins are Ca(2+) sensors located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. STIM and Orai proteins are expressed in vascular and airway smooth muscle and constitute the molecular components of the ubiquitous store-operated Ca(2+) entry pathway that mediate the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current. STIM/Orai proteins also encode store-independent Ca(2+) entry pathways in smooth muscle. Altered expression and function of STIM/Orai proteins have been linked to vascular and airway pathologies, including restenosis, hypertension, and atopic asthma. In this review we discuss our current understanding of Orai proteins and the store-dependent and -independent signaling pathways mediated by these proteins in vascular and airway smooth muscle. We also discuss the current studies linking altered expression and function of Orai proteins with smooth muscle-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Spinelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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25
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Saddouk FZ, Sun LY, Liu YF, Jiang M, Singer DV, Backs J, Van Riper D, Ginnan R, Schwarz JJ, Singer HA. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-γ (CaMKIIγ) negatively regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling. FASEB J 2015; 30:1051-64. [PMID: 26567004 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) expresses calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-δ and -γ isoforms. CaMKIIδ promotes VSM proliferation and vascular remodeling. We tested CaMKIIγ function in vascular remodeling after injury. CaMKIIγ protein decreased 90% 14 d after balloon injury in rat carotid artery. Intraluminal transduction of adenovirus encoding CaMKIIγC rescued expression to 35% of uninjured controls, inhibited neointima formation (>70%), inhibited VSM proliferation (>60%), and increased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 (>2-fold). Comparable doses of CaMKIIδ2 adenovirus had no effect. Similar dynamics in CaMKIIγ mRNA and protein expression were observed in ligated mouse carotid arteries, correlating closely with expression of VSM differentiation markers. Targeted deletion of CaMKIIγ in smooth muscle resulted in a 20-fold increase in neointimal area, with a 3-fold increase in the cell proliferation index, no change in apoptosis, and a 60% decrease in p21 expression. In cultured VSM, CaMKIIγ overexpression induced p53 mRNA (1.7 fold) and protein (1.8-fold) expression; induced the p53 target gene p21 (3-fold); decreased VSM cell proliferation (>50%); and had no effect on expression of apoptosis markers. We conclude that regulated CaMKII isoform composition is an important determinant of the injury-induced vasculoproliferative response and that CaMKIIγ and -δ isoforms have nonequivalent, opposing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z Saddouk
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li-Yan Sun
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yong Feng Liu
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miao Jiang
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diane V Singer
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dee Van Riper
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Ginnan
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John J Schwarz
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harold A Singer
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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26
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Cong XP, Wang WH, Zhu X, Jin C, Liu L, Li XM. Silence of STIM1 attenuates the proliferation and migration of EPCs after vascular injury and its mechanism. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 7:373-7. [PMID: 25063063 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1) knockdown on the proliferation and migration of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) after vascular injury and its mechanism. METHODS The rat bone marrow derived EPCs were divided into three groups: adenovirus negative control (group NSC), rat STIM1 adenovirus vector transfection group (group si/rSTIM1) and rat &human recombinant STIM1 adenovirus transfection group (group si/rSTIM1+hSTIM1). The STIM1 expressions in each group were detected by reverse transcription PCR after transfection; the cell proliferation was tested by [(3)H] thymidine incorporation assay ((3)H-TdR); Cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry; the cells' migration activity was detected by Boyden assay; Calcium ion concentration was detected by using laser confocal method. RESULTS 48 h later after transfection, the expression level of STIM1 in si/rSTIM1 cells was significantly lower than that in NSC group (0.21 ± 0.12 vs 1.01 ± 0.01, P<0.05); EPCs that stayed in G1 phase in si/rSTIM1 group [(93.31 ± 0.24)%] were significantly more than that in NSC group [(78.03 ± 0.34)%, P<0.05]; EPCs' migration activity in si/rSTIM1 group (10.03±0.33) was significantly lower than that in NSC group: (32.11 ± 0.54, P<0.05); EPCs calcium ion concentration changes in EPCs in si/rSTIM1 group (38.03 ± 0.13) was significantly lower than that in NSC group (98.11 ± 0.34, P<0.05). While there was no significant difference between si/rSTIM1+hSTIM1 group and NSC group on the four indexes above. CONCLUSIONS Silence of STIM1 attenuates EPCs proliferation and migration after vascular injury, by mediating the calcium ion concentration in EPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Peng Cong
- Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- Affiliated Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Shanghai Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Can Jin
- Shanghai Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Shanghai Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China.
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Shanghai Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai 201318, China.
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27
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Fernandez RA, Wan J, Song S, Smith KA, Gu Y, Tauseef M, Tang H, Makino A, Mehta D, Yuan JXJ. Upregulated expression of STIM2, TRPC6, and Orai2 contributes to the transition of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells from a contractile to proliferative phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C581-93. [PMID: 25673771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00202.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that, if left untreated, eventually leads to right heart failure and death. Elevated pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) in patients with PAH is mainly caused by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Sustained vasoconstriction and excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling are two major causes for elevated PVR in patients with PAH. Excessive pulmonary vascular remodeling is mediated by increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) due to PASMC dedifferentiation from a contractile or quiescent phenotype to a proliferative or synthetic phenotype. Increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]cyt) in PASMC is a key stimulus for cell proliferation and this phenotypic transition. Voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry (VDCE) and store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) are important mechanisms for controlling [Ca(2+)]cyt. Stromal interacting molecule proteins (e.g., STIM2) and Orai2 both contribute to SOCE and we have previously shown that STIM2 and Orai2, specifically, are upregulated in PASMC from patients with idiopathic PAH and from animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension in comparison to normal controls. In this study, we show that STIM2 and Orai2 are upregulated in proliferating PASMC compared with contractile phenotype of PASMC. Additionally, a switch in Ca(2+) regulation is observed in correlation with a phenotypic transition from contractile PASMC to proliferative PASMC. PASMC in a contractile phenotype or state have increased VDCE, while in the proliferative phenotype or state PASMC have increased SOCE. The data from this study indicate that upregulation of STIM2 and Orai2 is involved in the phenotypic transition of PASMC from a contractile state to a proliferative state; the enhanced SOCE due to upregulation of STIM2 and Orai2 plays an important role in PASMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby A Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois
| | - Shanshan Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Kimberly A Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois
| | - Yali Gu
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Haiyang Tang
- Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Ayako Makino
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ilinois; Division of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and Department of Physiology, The University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
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28
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Zhang W, Zhang X, González-Cobos JC, Stolwijk JA, Matrougui K, Trebak M. Leukotriene-C4 synthase, a critical enzyme in the activation of store-independent Orai1/Orai3 channels, is required for neointimal hyperplasia. J Biol Chem 2014; 290:5015-5027. [PMID: 25540197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.625822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene-C4 synthase (LTC4S) generates LTC4 from arachidonic acid metabolism. LTC4 is a proinflammatory factor that acts on plasma membrane cysteinyl leukotriene receptors. Recently, however, we showed that LTC4 was also a cytosolic second messenger that activated store-independent LTC4-regulated Ca(2+) (LRC) channels encoded by Orai1/Orai3 heteromultimers in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We showed that Orai3 and LRC currents were up-regulated in medial and neointimal VSMCs after vascular injury and that Orai3 knockdown inhibited LRC currents and neointimal hyperplasia. However, the role of LTC4S in neointima formation remains unknown. Here we show that LTC4S knockdown inhibited LRC currents in VSMCs. We performed in vivo experiments where rat left carotid arteries were injured using balloon angioplasty to cause neointimal hyperplasia. Neointima formation was associated with up-regulation of LTC4S protein expression in VSMCs. Inhibition of LTC4S expression in injured carotids by lentiviral particles encoding shRNA inhibited neointima formation and inward and outward vessel remodeling. LRC current activation did not cause nuclear factor for activated T cells (NFAT) nuclear translocation in VSMCs. Surprisingly, knockdown of either LTC4S or Orai3 yielded more robust and sustained Akt1 and Akt2 phosphorylation on Ser-473/Ser-474 upon serum stimulation. LTC4S and Orai3 knockdown inhibited VSMC migration in vitro with no effect on proliferation. Akt activity was suppressed in neointimal and medial VSMCs from injured vessels at 2 weeks postinjury but was restored when the up-regulation of either LTC4S or Orai3 was prevented by shRNA. We conclude that LTC4S and Orai3 altered Akt signaling to promote VSMC migration and neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- From the The State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York 12203,; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, and
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- From the The State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York 12203
| | - José C González-Cobos
- From the The State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York 12203,; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, and
| | - Judith A Stolwijk
- From the The State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York 12203
| | - Khalid Matrougui
- Department of Physiological Sciences, East Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia 23507
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- From the The State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Albany, New York 12203,; Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, and.
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29
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Abstract
The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation, neointima formation and vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are the most frequently employed animals for this model. Female rats are not preferred as female hormones are protective against vascular diseases and thus introduce a variation into this procedure. The left carotid is typically injured with the right carotid serving as a negative control. Left carotid injury is caused by the inflated balloon that denudes the endothelium and distends the vessel wall. Following injury, potential therapeutic strategies such as the use of pharmacological compounds and either gene or shRNA transfer can be evaluated. Typically for gene or shRNA transfer, the injured section of the vessel lumen is locally transduced for 30 min with viral particles encoding either a protein or shRNA for delivery and expression in the injured vessel wall. Neointimal thickening representing proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells usually peaks at 2 weeks after injury. Vessels are mostly harvested at this time point for cellular and molecular analysis of cell signaling pathways as well as gene and protein expression. Vessels can also be harvested at earlier time points to determine the onset of expression and/or activation of a specific protein or pathway, depending on the experimental aims intended. Vessels can be characterized and evaluated using histological staining, immunohistochemistry, protein/mRNA assays, and activity assays. The intact right carotid artery from the same animal is an ideal internal control. Injury-induced changes in molecular and cellular parameters can be evaluated by comparing the injured artery to the internal right control artery. Likewise, therapeutic modalities can be evaluated by comparing the injured and treated artery to the control injured only artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Nanobioscience, State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (SUNY CNSE)
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Nanobioscience, State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (SUNY CNSE);
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30
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Stewart TA, Yapa KTDS, Monteith GR. Altered calcium signaling in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2502-11. [PMID: 25150047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is the nature of the calcium signal, as determined by the coordinated activity of a suite of calcium channels, pumps, exchangers and binding proteins that ultimately guides a cell's fate. Deregulation of the calcium signal is often deleterious and has been linked to each of the 'cancer hallmarks'. Despite this, we do not yet have a full understanding of the remodeling of the calcium signal associated with cancer. Such an understanding could aid in guiding the development of therapies specifically targeting altered calcium signaling in cancer cells during tumorigenic progression. Findings from some of the studies that have assessed the remodeling of the calcium signal associated with tumorigenesis and/or processes important in invasion and metastasis are presented in this review. The potential of new methodologies is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kunsala T D S Yapa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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31
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Kassan M, Zhang W, Aissa KA, Stolwijk J, Trebak M, Matrougui K. Differential role for stromal interacting molecule 1 in the regulation of vascular function. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1195-202. [PMID: 24965067 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
We determined the in vivo role of stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1) in the regulation of vascular function using endothelial cell (EC)- and smooth-muscle (SM)-specific knockout mice. Systolic blood pressure and glucose levels were similar in all mice (Stim1(SMC-/-), Stim1(SMC-/+), Stim1(EC-/-), Stim1(EC-/+)), but body weight was reduced in Stim1(EC-/-) and Stim1(SMC-/-) mice. The contraction of arteries in response to phenylephrine was significantly reduced in Stim1(SMC-/-) mice only. However, contraction to thromboxane and KCl was similar in all groups. The endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was impaired in Stim1(EC-/+) and drastically reduced in Stim1(EC-/-) mice while the endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was similar among all groups. Acute downregulation of STIM1 in arteries reduced EDR and the contractile response to phenylephrine, while the contractile response to thromboxane was not affected. NADPH oxidase activity was increased only in Stim1(EC-/+) and Stim1(EC-/-) mice. Calcium (Ca(2+)) entry in endothelial cells stimulated with thrombin and histamine had the pharmacological features of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) and was dependent on STIM1 expression. We conclude that STIM1 plays opposing roles in vascular smooth muscle vs. endothelial cells in the regulation of vascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modar Kassan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, EVMS, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
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32
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Billaud M, Lohman AW, Johnstone SR, Biwer LA, Mutchler S, Isakson BE. Regulation of cellular communication by signaling microdomains in the blood vessel wall. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:513-69. [PMID: 24671377 DOI: 10.1124/pr.112.007351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that the accumulation of proteins in specific regions of the plasma membrane can facilitate cellular communication. These regions, termed signaling microdomains, are found throughout the blood vessel wall where cellular communication, both within and between cell types, must be tightly regulated to maintain proper vascular function. We will define a cellular signaling microdomain and apply this definition to the plethora of means by which cellular communication has been hypothesized to occur in the blood vessel wall. To that end, we make a case for three broad areas of cellular communication where signaling microdomains could play an important role: 1) paracrine release of free radicals and gaseous molecules such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species; 2) role of ion channels including gap junctions and potassium channels, especially those associated with the endothelium-derived hyperpolarization mediated signaling, and lastly, 3) mechanism of exocytosis that has considerable oversight by signaling microdomains, especially those associated with the release of von Willebrand factor. When summed, we believe that it is clear that the organization and regulation of signaling microdomains is an essential component to vessel wall function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Billaud
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22902.
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33
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Trebak M, Zhang W, Ruhle B, Henkel MM, González-Cobos JC, Motiani RK, Stolwijk JA, Newton RL, Zhang X. What role for store-operated Ca²⁺ entry in muscle? Microcirculation 2013; 20:330-6. [PMID: 23312019 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca²⁺ entry (SOCE) is a receptor-regulated Ca²⁺ entry pathway that is both ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved. SOCE is activated by depletion of intracellular Ca²⁺ stores through receptor-mediated production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃). The depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca²⁺ is sensed by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). On store depletion, STIM1 aggregates and moves to areas where the ER comes close to the plasma membrane (PM; within 25 nm) to interact with Orai1 channels and activate Ca²⁺ entry. Ca²⁺ entry through store-operated Ca²⁺ (SOC) channels, originally thought to mediate the replenishment of Ca²⁺ stores, participate in active downstream signaling by coupling to the activation of enzymes and transcription factors that control a wide variety of long-term cell functions such as proliferation, growth, and migration. SOCE has also been proposed to contribute to short-term cellular responses such as muscle contractility. While there are significant STIM1/Orai1 protein levels and SOCE activity in adult skeletal muscle, the precise role of SOCE in skeletal muscle contractility is not clear. The dependence on SOCE during cardiac and smooth muscle contractility is even less certain. Here, we will hypothesize on the contribution of SOCE in muscle and its potential role in contractility and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- Nanobioscience Constellation, College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering-CNSE, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.
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34
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Intracellular Ca2+ remodeling during the phenotypic journey of human coronary smooth muscle cells. Cell Calcium 2013; 54:375-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2013.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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35
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Motiani RK, Stolwijk JA, Newton RL, Zhang X, Trebak M. Emerging roles of Orai3 in pathophysiology. Channels (Austin) 2013; 7:392-401. [PMID: 23695829 DOI: 10.4161/chan.24960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates a plethora of physiological functions. Deregulation of calcium homeostasis has been reported in a wide variety of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disorders, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most ubiquitous pathways involved in regulated Ca(2+) influx into cells is the store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) pathway. In 2006, Orai1 was identified as the channel protein that mediates SOCE in immune cells. Orai1 has two mammalian homologs, Orai2 and Orai3. Although Orai1 has been the most widely studied Orai isoform, Orai3 has recently received significant attention. Under native conditions, Orai3 was demonstrated to be an important component of store-independent arachidonate-regulated Ca(2+) (ARC) entry in HEK293 cells, and more recently of a store-independent leukotrieneC4-regulated Ca(2+) (LRC) entry pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies have shown upregulation of Orai3 in estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancers and a critical role for Orai3 in breast cancer development in immune-compromised mice. Orai3 upregulation was also shown to contribute to vascular smooth muscle remodeling and neointimal hyperplasia caused by vascular injury. Furthermore, Orai3 has been shown to contribute to proliferation of effector T-lymphocytes under oxidative stress. In this review, we will discuss the role of Orai3 in reported pathophysiological conditions and will contribute ideas on the potential role of Orai3 in native Ca(2+) signaling pathways and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender K Motiani
- Nanobioscience Constellation; College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE); University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany, NY USA; DST-INSPIRE Faculty; Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB); New Delhi, India
| | - Judith A Stolwijk
- Nanobioscience Constellation; College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE); University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany, NY USA
| | - Rachel L Newton
- Nanobioscience Constellation; College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE); University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany, NY USA
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Nanobioscience Constellation; College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE); University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany, NY USA
| | - Mohamed Trebak
- Nanobioscience Constellation; College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (CNSE); University at Albany; State University of New York; Albany, NY USA
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Hooper R, Samakai E, Kedra J, Soboloff J. Multifaceted roles of STIM proteins. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:1383-96. [PMID: 23568369 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2) are critical components of store-operated calcium entry. Sensing depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores, STIM couples with plasma membrane Orai channels, resulting in the influx of Ca(2+) across the PM into the cytosol. Although best recognized for their primary role as ER Ca(2+) sensors, increasing evidence suggests that STIM proteins have a broader variety of sensory capabilities than first envisaged, reacting to cell stressors such as oxidative stress, temperature, and hypoxia. Further, the array of partners for STIM proteins is now understood to range far beyond the Orai channel family. Here we discuss the implications of STIM's expanding role, both as a stress sensor and a general modulator of multiple physiological processes in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, 3440 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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Merlet E, Atassi F, Motiani RK, Mougenot N, Jacquet A, Nadaud S, Capiod T, Trebak M, Lompré AM, Marchand A. miR-424/322 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and neointimal formation in the rat. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 98:458-68. [PMID: 23447642 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Our aim was to identify new microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in pathological vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and characterize their mechanism of action. METHODS AND RESULTS MicroRNAs microarray and qRT-PCR results lead us to focus on miR-424 or its rat ortholog miR-322 (miR-424/322). In vitro mir-424/322 level was decreased shortly after the induction of proliferation and increased in a time-dependent manner later on. In vivo its expression increased in the rat carotid artery from Day 4 up to Day 30 after injury. miR-424/322 overexpression in vitro inhibited proliferation and migration without affecting apoptosis and prevented VSMC dedifferentiation. Furthermore, miR-424/322 overexpression resulted in decreased expression of its predicted targets: cyclin D1 and Ca(2+)-regulating proteins calumenin and stromal-interacting molecule 1 (STIM1). Using reporter luciferase assays, we confirmed that cyclin D1 and calumenin mRNAs were direct targets of miR-322, whereas miR-322 effect on STIM1 was indirect. Nevertheless, consistent with the decreased STIM1 level, the store-operated Ca(2+) entry was reduced. We hypothesized that miR-424/322 could be a negative regulator of proliferation overridden in pathological situations. Thus, we overexpressed miR-424/322 in injured rat carotid arteries using an adenovirus, and demonstrated a protective effect against restenosis. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that miR-424/322 is up-regulated after vascular injury. This is likely an adaptive response to counteract proliferation, although this mechanism is overwhelmed in pathological situations such as injury-induced restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Merlet
- INSERM UMRS 956, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, 91 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75634, Paris Cedex 13, France
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38
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González-Cobos JC, Zhang X, Zhang W, Ruhle B, Motiani RK, Schindl R, Muik M, Spinelli AM, Bisaillon JM, Shinde AV, Fahrner M, Singer HA, Matrougui K, Barroso M, Romanin C, Trebak M. Store-independent Orai1/3 channels activated by intracrine leukotriene C4: role in neointimal hyperplasia. Circ Res 2013; 112:1013-25. [PMID: 23349245 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Through largely unknown mechanisms, Ca(2+) signaling plays important roles in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) remodeling. Orai1-encoded store-operated Ca(2+) entry has recently emerged as an important player in VSMC remodeling. However, the role of the exclusively mammalian Orai3 protein in native VSMC Ca(2+) entry pathways, its upregulation during VSMC remodeling, and its contribution to neointima formation remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the agonist-evoked Ca(2+) entry pathway contributed by Orai3; Orai3 potential upregulation and role during neointima formation after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS Ca(2+) imaging and patch-clamp recordings showed that although the platelet-derived growth factor activates the canonical Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channels via store depletion in VSMC, the pathophysiological agonist thrombin activates a distinct Ca(2+)-selective channel contributed by Orai1, Orai3, and stromal interacting molecule1 in the same cells. Unexpectedly, Ca(2+) store depletion is not required for activation of Orai1/3 channel by thrombin. Rather, the signal for Orai1/3 channel activation is cytosolic leukotrieneC4 produced downstream thrombin receptor stimulation through the catalytic activity of leukotrieneC4 synthase. Importantly, Orai3 is upregulated in an animal model of VSMC neointimal remodeling, and in vivo Orai3 knockdown inhibits neointima formation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that distinct native Ca(2+)-selective Orai channels are activated by different agonists/pathways and uncover a mechanism whereby leukotrieneC4 acts through hitherto unknown intracrine mode to elicit store-independent Ca(2+) signaling that promotes vascular occlusive disease. Orai3 and Orai3-containing channels provide novel targets for control of VSMC remodeling during vascular injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C González-Cobos
- College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, NFE4417, University at Albany, State University of New York, 257 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203, USA.
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Hou X, Chen J, Luo Y, Liu F, Xu G, Gao Y. Silencing of STIM1 attenuates hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via inhibition of the SOC/Ca2+/NFAT pathway. Respir Res 2013; 14:2. [PMID: 23289723 PMCID: PMC3599439 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a newly discovered Ca2+ sensor on the endoplasmic reticulum which is an indispensable part in the activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels (SOC). Recent studies demonstrate that SOC of pulmonary smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were upregulated by chronic hypoxia which contribute to the enhanced pulmonary vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. However, the exact role of STIM1 in the development of chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension(HPH) remains unclear. Methods In this study we investigated the cellular distribution and expression of STIM1 by immunofluorescence, qRTPCR and Western blotting methods in Wistar rat distal intrapulmonary arteries under normal and chronic hypobaric hypoxic conditions. In vitro, Wistar rat PASMCs were isolated and cultured. PASMCs were transfected with siRNA targeting STIM1 gene by liposome. The expression of STIM1 protein was detected by Western blotting. [3H]-thymidine ([3H]-TdR) incorporation were performed to detect PASMCs proliferation. The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The SOC-mediated Ca2+ influx was calculated by Ca2+ fluorescence imaging and the nuclear translocation of NFATc3 was determined by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of nuclear extracts. Results We found that during the development of HPH and the initiation of vascular remodeling, the mRNA and protein expression levels of STIM1 significantly increased in the distal intrapulmonary arteries. Moderate hypoxia significantly promotes PASMCs proliferation and cell cycle progression. Silencing of STIM1 significantly decreased cellular proliferation and delayed the cell cycle progression induced by hypoxia. Silencing of STIM1 also significantly decreased SOC-mediated Ca2+ influx and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NFATc3 in hypoxic PASMCs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that chronic hypobaric hypoxia upregulates the expression of STIM1 in the distal intrapulmonary arteries which plays an important role in the hypoxia-induced PASMCs proliferation via SOC/Ca2+/NFAT pathway and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of hypoxia pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology and high altitude physiology, College of high altitude military medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Ruhle B, Trebak M. Emerging roles for native Orai Ca2+ channels in cardiovascular disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2013; 71:209-35. [PMID: 23890117 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407870-3.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Orai proteins form highly calcium (Ca(2+))-selective channels located in the plasma membrane of both nonexcitable and excitable cells, where they make important contributions to many cellular processes. The well-characterized Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) current is mediated by Orai1 multimers and is activated, upon depletion of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive stores, by direct interaction of Orai1 with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sensor, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). This pathway is known as capacitative Ca(2+) entry or store-operated Ca(2+) entry. While most investigations have focused on STIM1 and Orai1 in their store-dependent mode, emerging evidence suggests that Orai1 and Orai3 heteromultimeric channels can form store-independent Ca(2+)-selective channels. The role of store-dependent and store-independent channels in excitation-transcription coupling and the pathological remodeling of the cardiovascular system are beginning to come forth. Recent evidence suggests that STIM/Orai-generated Ca(2+) signaling couples to gene transcription and subsequent phenotypic changes associated with the processes of cardiac and vascular remodeling. This short review will explore the contributions of native Orai channels to heart and vessel physiology and their role in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ruhle
- Nanobioscience Constellation, The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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41
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Mancarella S, Potireddy S, Wang Y, Gao H, Gandhirajan RK, Autieri M, Scalia R, Cheng Z, Wang H, Madesh M, Houser SR, Gill DL. Targeted STIM deletion impairs calcium homeostasis, NFAT activation, and growth of smooth muscle. FASEB J 2012; 27:893-906. [PMID: 23159931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-215293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Ca(2+)-sensing stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins are crucial Ca(2+) signal coordinators. Cre-lox technology was used to generate smooth muscle (sm)-targeted STIM1-, STIM2-, and double STIM1/STIM2-knockout (KO) mouse models, which reveal the essential role of STIM proteins in Ca(2+) homeostasis and their crucial role in controlling function, growth, and development of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Compared to Cre(+/-) littermates, sm-STIM1-KO mice showed high mortality (50% by 30 d) and reduced bodyweight. While sm-STIM2-KO was without detectable phenotype, the STIM1/STIM double-KO was perinatally lethal, revealing an essential role of STIM1 partially rescued by STIM2. Vascular and intestinal smooth muscle tissues from sm-STIM1-KO mice developed abnormally with distended, thinned morphology. While depolarization-induced aortic contraction was unchanged in sm-STIM1-KO mice, α1-adrenergic-mediated contraction was 26% reduced, and store-dependent contraction almost eliminated. Neointimal formation induced by carotid artery ligation was suppressed by 54%, and in vitro PDGF-induced proliferation was greatly reduced (79%) in sm-STIM1-KO. Notably, the Ca(2+) store-refilling rate in STIM1-KO SMCs was substantially reduced, and sustained PDGF-induced Ca(2+) entry was abolished. This defective Ca(2+) homeostasis prevents PDGF-induced NFAT activation in both contractile and proliferating SMCs. We conclude that STIM1-regulated Ca(2+) homeostasis is crucial for NFAT-mediated transcriptional control required for induction of SMC proliferation, development, and growth responses to injury.-Mancarella, S., Potireddy, S., Wang, Y., Gao, H., Gandhirajan, K., Autieri, M., Scalia, R., Cheng, Z., Wang, H., Madesh, M., Houser, S. R., Gill, D. L. Targeted STIM deletion impairs calcium homeostasis, NFAT activation, and growth of smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Abstract
Cardiac myocyte function is dependent on the synchronized movements of Ca(2+) into and out of the cell, as well as between the cytosol and sarcoplasmic reticulum. These movements determine cardiac rhythm and regulate excitation-contraction coupling. Ca(2+) cycling is mediated by a number of critical Ca(2+)-handling proteins and transporters, such as L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) and sodium/calcium exchangers in the sarcolemma, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), ryanodine receptors, and cardiac phospholamban in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The entry of Ca(2+) into the cytosol through LTCCs activates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum through ryanodine receptor channels and initiates myocyte contraction, whereas SERCA2a and cardiac phospholamban have a key role in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) sequesteration and myocyte relaxation. Excitation-contraction coupling is regulated by phosphorylation of Ca(2+)-handling proteins. Abnormalities in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) cycling are hallmarks of heart failure and contribute to the pathophysiology and progression of this disease. Correcting impaired intracellular Ca(2+) cycling is a promising new approach for the treatment of heart failure. Novel therapeutic strategies that enhance myocyte Ca(2+) homeostasis could prevent and reverse adverse cardiac remodeling and improve clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure.
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Yoshida J, Iwabuchi K, Matsui T, Ishibashi T, Masuoka T, Nishio M. Knockdown of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) suppresses store-operated calcium entry, cell proliferation and tumorigenicity in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1592-603. [PMID: 23022228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Store-operated calcium (Ca(2+)) entry (SOCE) is important for cellular activities such as gene transcription, cell cycle progression and proliferation in most non-excitable cells. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), a newly identified Ca(2+)-sensing protein, monitors the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) stores and activates store-operated Ca(2+) channels at the plasma membrane to induce SOCE. To investigate the possible roles of STIM1 in tumor growth in relation to SOCE, we established STIM1 knockdown (KD) clones of human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells by RNA interference. Thapsigargin, an inhibitor of ER Ca(2+)-ATPase, -induced and phospholipase C-coupled receptor agonist-induced SOCEs were reduced in two STIM1 KD clones compared to a negative control clone. Re-expression of a KD-resistant full-length STIM1, but not a Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) channel activation domain (CAD)-deleted STIM1 mutant, in the KD clone restored the amplitude of SOCE, suggesting the specificity of the STIM1 knockdown. The cell growth of the STIM1 KD clones was slower than that of the negative control clone. DNA synthesis assessed by BrdU incorporation, as well as EGF-stimulated EGF receptor activation, decreased in the STIM1 KD clones. Xenograft growth of the STIM1 KD clones was significantly retarded compared with that of the negative control. Cell migration was attenuated in the STIM1 KD clone and the STIM1 silencing effect was reversed by transient re-expression of the full-length STIM1 but not CAD-deletion mutant. These results indicate that STIM1 plays an important role in SOCE, cell-growth and tumorigenicity in human epidermoid carcinoma A431cells, suggesting the potential use of STIM1-targeting agents for treating epidermoid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Yoshida
- Departments of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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Suganuma N, Ito S, Aso H, Kondo M, Sato M, Sokabe M, Hasegawa Y. STIM1 regulates platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration and Ca2+ influx in human airway smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45056. [PMID: 22984609 PMCID: PMC3439366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that migration of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in asthma. Increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)) regulate most ASM cell functions related to asthma, such as contraction and proliferation. Recently, STIM1 was identified as a sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) sensor that activates Orai1, the Ca(2+) channel responsible for store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE). We investigated the role of STIM1 in [Ca(2+)](i) and cell migration induced by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB in human ASM cells. Cell migration was assessed by a chemotaxis chamber assay. Human ASM cells express STIM1, STIM2, and Orai1 mRNAs. SOCE activated by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of SR Ca(2+)-ATPase, was significantly blocked by STIM1 siRNA and Orai1 siRNA but not by STIM2 siRNA. PDGF-BB induced a transient increase in [Ca(2+)](i) followed by sustained [Ca(2+)](i) elevation. Sustained increases in [Ca(2+)](i) due to PDGF-BB were significantly inhibited by a Ca(2+) chelating agent EGTA or by siRNA for STIM1 or Orai1. The numbers of migrating cells were significantly increased by PDGF-BB treatment for 6 h. Knockdown of STIM1 and Orai1 by siRNA transfection inhibited PDGF-induced cell migration. Similarly, EGTA significantly inhibited PDGF-induced cell migration. In contrast, transfection with siRNA for STIM2 did not inhibit the sustained elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) or cell migration induced by PDGF-BB. These results demonstrate that STIM1 and Orai1 are essential for PDGF-induced cell migration and Ca(2+) influx in human ASM cells. STIM1 could be an important molecule responsible for airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobukazu Suganuma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiromichi Aso
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kondo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Department of Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
Stromal interaction molecules (STIM1 and STIM2) are single pass transmembrane proteins located mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). STIM proteins contain an EF-hand in their N-termini that faces the lumen side of the ER allowing them to act as ER calcium (Ca(2+)) sensors. STIM1 has been recognized as central to the activation of the highly Ca(2+) selective store-operated Ca(2+) (SOC) entry current mediated by the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel; CRAC channels are formed by tetramers of the plasma membrane (PM) protein Orai1. Physiologically, the production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) upon stimulation of phospholipase C-coupled receptors and the subsequent emptying of IP(3)-sensitive ER Ca(2+) stores are sensed by STIM1 molecules which aggregate and move closer to the PM to interact physically with Orai1 channels and activate Ca(2+) entry. Orai1 has two homologous proteins encoded by separate genes, Orai2 and Orai3. Other modes of receptor-regulated Ca(2+) entry into cells are store-independent; for example, arachidonic acid activates a highly Ca(2+) selective store-independent channel formed by heteropentamers of Orai1 and Orai3 and regulated by the PM pool of STIM1. Here, I will discuss results pertaining to the roles of STIM and Orai proteins in smooth muscle Ca(2+) entry pathways and their role in vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- The Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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46
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Lee K, Wang C, Machaty Z. STIM1 is required for Ca2+ signaling during mammalian fertilization. Dev Biol 2012; 367:154-62. [PMID: 22565091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During fertilization in mammals, a series of oscillations in the oocyte's intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration is responsible for oocyte activation and stimulation of embryonic development. The oscillations are associated with influx of Ca(2+) across the plasma membrane that is probably triggered by the depletion of the intracellular stores, a mechanism known as store-operated Ca(2+) entry. Recently, STIM1 has been identified in oocytes as a key component of the machinery that generates the Ca(2+) influx after store depletion. In this study, the involvement of STIM1 in the sperm-induced Ca(2+) oscillations and its significance in supporting subsequent embryo development were investigated. Downregulation of STIM1 levels in pig oocytes by siRNA completely inhibited the repetitive Ca(2+) signal triggered by the fertilizing sperm. In addition, a significantly lower percentage of oocytes cleaved or formed blastocysts when STIM1 was downregulated prior to fertilization compared to the control groups. Restoring STIM1 levels after fertilization in such oocytes by means of mRNA injection could not rescue embryonic development that in most cases was arrested at the 2-cell stage. On the other hand, STIM1 overexpression prior to fertilization did not alter the pattern of sperm-induced Ca(2+) oscillations and development of these fertilized oocytes up to the blastocyst stage was also similar to that registered in the control group. Finally, downregulation of STIM1 had no effect on oocyte activation when activation was stimulated artificially by inducing a single large elevation in the oocyte's intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration. These findings suggest that STIM1 is essential for normal fertilization as it is involved in the maintenance of the long-lasting repetitive Ca(2+) signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiho Lee
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
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Merlet E, Lipskaia L, Marchand A, Hadri L, Mougenot N, Atassi F, Liang L, Hatem SN, Hajjar RJ, Lompré AM. A calcium-sensitive promoter construct for gene therapy. Gene Ther 2012; 20:248-54. [PMID: 22456325 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Targeting diseased cells is a challenging issue in both pharmacological and biological therapeutics. Gene therapy is emerging as a novel approach for treating rare diseases and for illnesses for which there is no other alternative. An important limitation of gene therapy has been the off-target effects and therefore efforts have been focused on increasing the specificity of gene transfer to the targeted organ. Here, we describe a promoter containing six nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) consensus sequences, which is as efficient as the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter to drive expression in vascular smooth muscle cells both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to the CMV promoter it is activated in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner after endoplasmic reticulum depletion and allows the transgene expression only in proliferative/diseased cells. Overexpression of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER) Ca(2+) ATPase 2a under the control of this NFAT promoter inhibits restenosis after angioplasty in rats. In conclusion, this promoter may be useful for gene therapy in vascular proliferative diseases and other diseases involving upregulation of the NFAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Merlet
- Transatlantic Cardiovascular Research Center, INSERM UMRS 956, UPMC-Paris 6, Paris, France
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Orai1 calcium channels in the vasculature. Pflugers Arch 2012; 463:635-47. [PMID: 22402985 PMCID: PMC3323825 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1090-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Orai1 was discovered in T cells as a calcium-selective channel that is activated by store depletion. Recent studies suggest that it is expressed and functionally important also in blood vessels, not only because haematopoietic cells can incorporate in the vascular wall but also because Orai1 is expressed and functional in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. This article summarises the arising observations in this new area of vascular research and debates underlying issues and challenges for future investigations. The primary focus is on vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. Specific topics include Orai1 expression; Orai1 roles in store-operated calcium entry and ionic currents of store-depleted cells; blockade of Orai1-related signals by Synta 66 and other pharmacology; activation or regulation of Orai1-related signals by physiological substances and compartments; stromal interaction molecules and the relationship of Orai1 to other ion channels, transporters and pumps; transient receptor potential canonical channels and their contribution to store-operated calcium entry; roles of Orai1 in vascular tone, remodelling, thrombus formation and inflammation; and Orai2 and Orai3. Overall, the observations suggest the existence of an additional, previously unrecognised, calcium channel of the vascular wall that is functionally important particularly in remodelling but probably also in certain vasoconstrictor contexts.
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Bogeski I, Al-Ansary D, Qu B, Niemeyer BA, Hoth M, Peinelt C. Pharmacology of ORAI channels as a tool to understand their physiological functions. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2012; 3:291-303. [PMID: 22111611 DOI: 10.1586/ecp.10.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Store-operated Ca(2+) entry is a major Ca(2+) entry mechanism that is present in most cell types. In immune cells, store-operated Ca(2+) entry is almost exclusively mediated by Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. Ca(2+) entry through these channels and the corresponding cytosolic Ca(2+) signals are required for many immune cell functions, including all aspects of T-cell activation. ORAI proteins are the molecular correlates for the CRAC channels. The three human members, ORAI1, ORAI2 and ORAI3, are activated through the stromal interaction molecules (STIM)1 and 2 following depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores. Different combinations of STIM and ORAI can form different CRAC channels with distinct biophysical properties. In this article, we review and discuss mechanistic and functional implications of two important CRAC/ORAI inhibitors, 2-APB and BTP2, and the antibiotic G418 that has also been reported to interfere with ORAI channel function. The use of pharmacological tools should help to assign distinct physiological and pathophysiological functions to different STIM-ORAI protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bogeski
- Department of Biophysics, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
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Sun J, Zheng J, Ling KH, Zhao K, Xie Z, Li B, Wang T, Zhu Z, Patel AN, Min W, Liu K, Zheng X. Preventing intimal thickening of vein grafts in vein artery bypass using STAT-3 siRNA. J Transl Med 2012; 10:2. [PMID: 22216901 PMCID: PMC3286375 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a key role in neointimal formation which leads to restenosis of vein graft in venous bypass. STAT-3 is a transcription factor associated with cell proliferation. We hypothesized that silencing of STAT-3 by siRNA will inhibit proliferation of VSMCs and attenuate intimal thickening. METHODS Rat VSMCs were isolated and cultured in vitro by applying tissue piece inoculation methods. VSMCs were transfected with STAT 3 siRNA using lipofectamine 2000. In vitro proliferation of VSMC was quantified by the MTT assay, while in vivo assessment was performed in a venous transplantation model. In vivo delivery of STAT-3 siRNA plasmid or scramble plasmid was performed by admixing with liposomes 2000 and transfected into the vein graft by bioprotein gel applied onto the adventitia. Rat jugular vein-carotid artery bypass was performed. On day 3 and7 after grafting, the vein grafts were extracted, and analyzed morphologically by haematoxylin eosin (H&E), and assessed by immunohistochemistry for expression of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Western-blot and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression in vivo and in vitro. Cell apoptosis in vein grafts was detected by TUNEL assay. RESULTS MTT assay shows that the proliferation of VSMCs in the STAT-3 siRNA treated group was inhibited. On day 7 after operation, a reduced number of Ki-67 and PCNA positive cells were observed in the neointima of the vein graft in the STAT-3 siRNA treated group as compared to the scramble control. The PCNA index in the control group (31.3 ± 4.7) was higher than that in the STAT-3 siRNA treated group (23.3 ± 2.8) (P < 0.05) on 7d. The neointima in the experimental group(0.45 ± 0.04 μm) was thinner than that in the control group(0.86 ± 0.05 μm) (P < 0.05).Compared with the control group, the protein and mRNA levels in the experimental group in vivo and in vitro decreased significantly. Down regulation of STAT-3 with siRNA resulted in a reduced expression of Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. However, apoptotic cells were not obviously found in all grafts on day 3 and 7 post surgery. CONCLUSIONS The STAT-3 siRNA can inhibit the proliferation of VSMCs in vivo and in vitro and attenuate neointimal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbin Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Chang Chun, China
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