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Gholami L, Mahmoudi A, Kazemi Oskuee R, Malaekeh-Nikouei B. An overview of polyallylamine applications in gene delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:714-724. [PMID: 35880621 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2107014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A chief objective of gene transportation studies is to manipulate clinically accepted carriers that can be utilized to combat incurable diseases. Despite various strategies, efficiency and application of these vectors have been hindered, owing to different obstacles. Polyallylamine (PAA) is a synthetic water-soluble, weak base cationic polymer with different properties that could be administrated as an ideal candidate for biomedical applications such as gene delivery, drug delivery, or even tissue engineering. However, some intrinsic properties of this polymer limit its application. The two associated problems with the use of PAA in gene delivery are low transfection efficiency (because of low buffering capacity) and cytotoxic effects attributed to intense cationic character. Most of the strategies for structural modification of the PAA structure have focused on introducing hydrophobic groups to the polymeric backbone that target both cytotoxicity and transfection. In this perspective, we concentrate on PAA as a gene delivery vehicle and the existing approaches for modification of this cationic polymer to give insight to researchers for exploitation of PAA as an efficient carrier in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Mahmoudi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bizhan Malaekeh-Nikouei
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Apostolopoulos V, Bojarska J, Chai TT, Elnagdy S, Kaczmarek K, Matsoukas J, New R, Parang K, Lopez OP, Parhiz H, Perera CO, Pickholz M, Remko M, Saviano M, Skwarczynski M, Tang Y, Wolf WM, Yoshiya T, Zabrocki J, Zielenkiewicz P, AlKhazindar M, Barriga V, Kelaidonis K, Sarasia EM, Toth I. A Global Review on Short Peptides: Frontiers and Perspectives. Molecules 2021; 26:E430. [PMID: 33467522 PMCID: PMC7830668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are fragments of proteins that carry out biological functions. They act as signaling entities via all domains of life and interfere with protein-protein interactions, which are indispensable in bio-processes. Short peptides include fundamental molecular information for a prelude to the symphony of life. They have aroused considerable interest due to their unique features and great promise in innovative bio-therapies. This work focusing on the current state-of-the-art short peptide-based therapeutical developments is the first global review written by researchers from all continents, as a celebration of 100 years of peptide therapeutics since the commencement of insulin therapy in the 1920s. Peptide "drugs" initially played only the role of hormone analogs to balance disorders. Nowadays, they achieve numerous biomedical tasks, can cross membranes, or reach intracellular targets. The role of peptides in bio-processes can hardly be mimicked by other chemical substances. The article is divided into independent sections, which are related to either the progress in short peptide-based theranostics or the problems posing challenge to bio-medicine. In particular, the SWOT analysis of short peptides, their relevance in therapies of diverse diseases, improvements in (bio)synthesis platforms, advanced nano-supramolecular technologies, aptamers, altered peptide ligands and in silico methodologies to overcome peptide limitations, modern smart bio-functional materials, vaccines, and drug/gene-targeted delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
| | - Joanna Bojarska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tsun-Thai Chai
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia;
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - John Matsoukas
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
- NewDrug, Patras Science Park, 26500 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Roger New
- Vaxcine (UK) Ltd., c/o London Bioscience Innovation Centre, London NW1 0NH, UK;
- Faculty of Science & Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, London NW4 4BT, UK;
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA 92618, USA;
| | - Octavio Paredes Lopez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Irapuato 36824, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6073, USA;
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Monica Pickholz
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina;
- Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA, UBA-CONICET), Argentina, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - Milan Remko
- Remedika, Luzna 9, 85104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Michele Saviano
- Institute of Crystallography (CNR), Via Amendola 122/o, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
| | - Yefeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharma Ceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (K.K.); (J.Z.)
| | - Piotr Zielenkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Gamaa St., Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Vanessa Barriga
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3030, Australia; (V.A.); (J.M.); (V.B.)
| | | | | | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (I.T.)
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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Biomedical nanoparticle design: What we can learn from viruses. J Control Release 2021; 329:552-569. [PMID: 33007365 PMCID: PMC7525328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are nanomaterials with a number of properties that surpass those of many synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical applications. They possess a rigorously ordered structure, come in a variety of shapes, and present unique surface elements, such as spikes. These attributes facilitate propitious biodistribution, the crossing of complex biological barriers and a minutely coordinated interaction with cells. Due to the orchestrated sequence of interactions of their stringently arranged particle corona with cellular surface receptors they effectively identify and infect their host cells with utmost specificity, while evading the immune system at the same time. Furthermore, their efficacy is enhanced by their response to stimuli and the ability to spread from cell to cell. Over the years, great efforts have been made to mimic distinct viral traits to improve biomedical nanomaterial performance. However, a closer look at the literature reveals that no comprehensive evaluation of the benefit of virus-mimetic material design on the targeting efficiency of nanomaterials exists. In this review we, therefore, elucidate the impact that viral properties had on fundamental advances in outfitting nanomaterials with the ability to interact specifically with their target cells. We give a comprehensive overview of the diverse design strategies and identify critical steps on the way to reducing them to practice. More so, we discuss the advantages and future perspectives of a virus-mimetic nanomaterial design and try to elucidate if viral mimicry holds the key for better NP targeting.
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Hortigüela V, Larrañaga E, Lagunas A, Acosta GA, Albericio F, Andilla J, Loza-Alvarez P, Martínez E. Large-Area Biomolecule Nanopatterns on Diblock Copolymer Surfaces for Cell Adhesion Studies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E579. [PMID: 30970600 PMCID: PMC6523780 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cell membrane receptors bind to extracellular ligands, triggering intracellular signal transduction pathways that result in specific cell function. Some receptors require to be associated forming clusters for effective signaling. Increasing evidences suggest that receptor clustering is subjected to spatially controlled ligand distribution at the nanoscale. Herein we present a method to produce in an easy, straightforward process, nanopatterns of biomolecular ligands to study ligand⁻receptor processes involving multivalent interactions. We based our platform in self-assembled diblock copolymers composed of poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that form PMMA nanodomains in a closed-packed hexagonal arrangement. Upon PMMA selective functionalization, biomolecular nanopatterns over large areas are produced. Nanopattern size and spacing can be controlled by the composition of the block-copolymer selected. Nanopatterns of cell adhesive peptides of different size and spacing were produced, and their impact in integrin receptor clustering and the formation of cell focal adhesions was studied. Cells on ligand nanopatterns showed an increased number of focal contacts, which were, in turn, more matured than those found in cells cultured on randomly presenting ligands. These findings suggest that our methodology is a suitable, versatile tool to study and control receptor clustering signaling and downstream cell behavior through a surface-based ligand patterning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hortigüela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Enara Larrañaga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gerardo A Acosta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Andilla
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology for Controlling Cell‐Surface Receptor Clustering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4790-4799. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhang K, Gao H, Deng R, Li J. Emerging Applications of Nanotechnology for Controlling Cell‐Surface Receptor Clustering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Hua Gao
- Department of ParasitologyMedical CollegeZhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jinghong Li
- Department of ChemistryKey Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical BiologyTsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Abstract
The diverse amino acid chemistries and secondary structures in peptides provide 'minimalist' mimics of motifs in proteins and offer many ideal properties for targeted delivery approaches. Several non-viral vectors (polymers and lipids) have been studied for their potential applications in gene delivery. However, non-specific uptake, lack of targeting, inability to escape endosomes, and inefficient nuclear delivery limit their application. Peptide-assisted trafficking of non-viral vectors can potentially overcome these biological barriers to improve gene delivery through targeted uptake using key cell-surface receptors (e.g., integrins, growth factor receptors, and G-protein coupled receptors); membrane disruption for endosomal escape; and nuclear importation. Furthermore, the capacity of peptides to regulate spatio-temporal control over gene delivery opens multi-faceted avenues for effective gene delivery in a variety of complex applications. Rigorous on-going in vitro and in vivo studies utilizing peptides for targeted and microenvironment-sensitive gene delivery could promote their widespread clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Thapa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
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Durymanov M, Reineke J. Non-viral Delivery of Nucleic Acids: Insight Into Mechanisms of Overcoming Intracellular Barriers. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 30186185 PMCID: PMC6111240 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of genes, including plasmid DNAs, short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs), using artificial non-viral nanotherapeutics is a promising approach in cancer gene therapy. However, multiple physiological barriers upon systemic administration remain a key challenge in clinical translation of anti-cancer gene therapeutics. Besides extracellular barriers including sequestration of gene delivery nanoparticles from the bloodstream by resident organ-specific macrophages, and their poor extravasation and tissue penetration in tumors, overcoming intracellular barriers is also necessary for successful delivery of nucleic acids. Whereas for RNA delivery the endosomal barrier holds a key importance, transfer of DNA cargo additionally requires translocation into the nucleus. Better understanding of crossing membrane barriers by nucleic acid nanoformulations is essential to the improvement of current non-viral carriers. This review aims to summarize relevant literature on intracellular trafficking of non-viral nanoparticles and determine key factors toward surmounting intracellular barriers. Moreover, recent data allowed us to propose new interpretations of current hypotheses of endosomal escape mechanisms of nucleic acid nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Durymanov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Joshua Reineke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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Hortigüela V, Larrañaga E, Cutrale F, Seriola A, García-Díaz M, Lagunas A, Andilla J, Loza-Alvarez P, Samitier J, Ojosnegros S, Martínez E. Nanopatterns of Surface-Bound EphrinB1 Produce Multivalent Ligand-Receptor Interactions That Tune EphB2 Receptor Clustering. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:629-637. [PMID: 29243484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a nanostructured surface able to produce multivalent interactions between surface-bound ephrinB1 ligands and membrane EphB2 receptors. We created ephrinB1 nanopatterns of regular size (<30 nm in diameter) by using self-assembled diblock copolymers. Next, we used a statistically enhanced version of the Number and Brightness technique, which can discriminate-with molecular sensitivity-the oligomeric states of diffusive species to quantitatively track the EphB2 receptor oligomerization process in real time. The results indicate that a stimulation using randomly distributed surface-bound ligands was not sufficient to fully induce receptor aggregation. Conversely, when nanopatterned onto our substrates, the ligands effectively induced a strong receptor oligomerization. This presentation of ligands improved the clustering efficiency of conventional ligand delivery systems, as it required a 9-fold lower ligand surface coverage and included faster receptor clustering kinetics compared to traditional cross-linked ligands. In conclusion, nanostructured diblock copolymers constitute a novel strategy to induce multivalent ligand-receptor interactions leading to a stronger, faster, and more efficient receptor activation, thus providing a useful strategy to precisely tune and potentiate receptor responses. The efficiency of these materials at inducing cell responses can benefit applications such as the design of new bioactive materials and drug-delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Hortigüela
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Enara Larrañaga
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Francesco Cutrale
- Translational Imaging Center, Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Anna Seriola
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB) , Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
| | - María García-Díaz
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Anna Lagunas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) , Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jordi Andilla
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Pablo Loza-Alvarez
- ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Castelldefels, Barcelona 08860, Spain
| | - Josep Samitier
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) , Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Engineering: Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Samuel Ojosnegros
- Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB) , Hospital Duran i Reynals, Hospitalet de Llobregat 08908, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) , Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Engineering: Electronics, University of Barcelona (UB) , Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Tian S, Cao D, Zou H, Bai F, Wang Z, Pan S, Feng M. Endothelial cell-targeted pVEGF165 polyplex plays a pivotal role in inhibiting intimal thickening after vascular injury. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5751-68. [PMID: 26425083 PMCID: PMC4583553 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s88109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression can inhibit intimal thickening after vascular injury. However, the lack of efficient gene delivery systems leads to insufficient VEGF expression, which prevents its application in gene therapy. In the present study, to improve the delivery of the plasmid vector with the VEGF gene (pVEGF165) to the injured vessel wall, we explored the potentially important difference between endothelial cell-targeted and nontargeted polymeric carriers. The αvβ3 integrin is overexpressed on activated endothelial cells but not on normal quiescent vessels. In this study, CDG2-cRGD, synthesized by conjugating an αvβ3 integrin-binding cyclic arginylglycylaspartic acid (cRGD) peptide with the Generation 2 polycation polyamidoamine (PAMAMG2)-g-cyclodextrin (termed as CDG2), was developed as a targetable carrier. It was observed that the specific integrin-ligand interactions greatly enhanced cellular internalization of CDG2-cRGD in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which are notoriously difficult to transfect. Consequently, HUVECs were found to show remarkably high levels of VEGF165 expression induced by the CDG2-cRGD polyplex. Interestingly, VEGF165 overexpression in vivo was more complex than that in vitro, and in vivo assays demonstrated that the stimulus response to balloon injury in arteries could obviously upregulate VEGF165 expression in the saline-treated group, although it was not enough to prevent intimal thickening. In gene-transfected groups, intravascular delivery of pVEGF165 with the CDG2-cRGD polyplex into rabbits after vascular injury resulted in a significant inhibition of intimal thickening at 4 weeks, whereas the low therapeutic efficacy in the nontargeted CDG2-treated group was only comparable to that in the saline-treated group. It is becoming clear that the conflicting results of VEGF165 gene therapy in two gene-transfected groups are reflective of the pivotal role of the cRGD-conjugated carriers in achieving the beneficial therapeutic effects of vascular gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouqin Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Duanwen Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijuan Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Bai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirong Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Fortier C, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Surface modification of nonviral nanocarriers for enhanced gene delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:135-51. [PMID: 24354815 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical nanotechnology has given a new lease of life to gene therapy with the ever-developing and ever-diversifying nonviral gene delivery nanocarriers. These are designed to pass a series of barriers in order to bring their nucleic acid cargo to the right subcellular location of particular cells. For a given application, each barrier has its dedicated strategy, which translates into a physicochemical, biological and temporal identity of the nanocarrier surface. Different strategies have thus been explored to implement adequate surface identities on nanocarriers over time for systemic delivery. In that context, this review will mainly focus on organic nanocarriers, for which these strategies will be described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fortier
- Life Sciences NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montréal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
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12
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Conway A, Vazin T, Spelke DP, Rode NA, Healy KE, Kane RS, Schaffer DV. Multivalent ligands control stem cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 8:831-838. [PMID: 24141540 PMCID: PMC3830932 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2013.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
There is broad interest in designing nanostructured materials that can interact with cells and regulate key downstream functions. In particular, materials with nanoscale features may enable control over multivalent interactions, which involve the simultaneous binding of multiple ligands on one entity to multiple receptors on another and are ubiquitous throughout biology. Cellular signal transduction of growth factor and morphogen cues (which have critical roles in regulating cell function and fate) often begins with such multivalent binding of ligands, either secreted or cell-surface-tethered to target cell receptors, leading to receptor clustering. Cellular mechanisms that orchestrate ligand-receptor oligomerization are complex, however, so the capacity to control multivalent interactions and thereby modulate key signalling events within living systems is currently very limited. Here, we demonstrate the design of potent multivalent conjugates that can organize stem cell receptors into nanoscale clusters and control stem cell behaviour in vitro and in vivo. The ectodomain of ephrin-B2, normally an integral membrane protein ligand, was conjugated to a soluble biopolymer to yield multivalent nanoscale conjugates that potently induce signalling in neural stem cells and promote their neuronal differentiation both in culture and within the brain. Super-resolution microscopy analysis yielded insights into the organization of the receptor-ligand clusters at the nanoscale. We also found that synthetic multivalent conjugates of ephrin-B1 strongly enhance human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation into functional dopaminergic neurons. Multivalent bioconjugates are therefore powerful tools and potential nanoscale therapeutics for controlling the behaviour of target stem cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Conway
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 201 Gilman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, USA
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Durymanov MO, Slastnikova TA, Kuzmich AI, Khramtsov YV, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Egorov SY, Sverdlov ED, Sobolev AS. Microdistribution of MC1R-targeted polyplexes in murine melanoma tumor tissue. Biomaterials 2013; 34:10209-16. [PMID: 24075405 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeted sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) gene transfer can be considered as a promising approach for diagnostics of specific types of cancer. For this purpose we used targeted polyplexes based on PEI-PEG-MC1SP block-copolymer containing MC1SP-peptide, a ligand specific for melanocortin receptor-1 (MC1R) overexpressed on melanoma cells. Targeted polyplexes demonstrated enhanced NIS gene transfer compared to non-targeted (lacking MC1SP) ones in vitro. Using dorsal skinfold chamber and intravital microscopy we evaluated accumulation and microdistribution of quantum dot-labeled polyplexes in tumor and normal subcutaneous tissues up to 4 h after intravenous injection. Polyplexes demonstrated significantly higher total accumulation in tumor tissue in comparison with subcutaneous ones (control). Targeted and non-targeted polyplexes extravasated and penetrated into the tumor tissue up to 20 μm from the vessel walls. In contrast, in normal subcutaneous tissue polyplexes penetrated not more than 3 μm from the vessel walls with the level of extravasated polyplexes 400-fold less than in tumor. Accumulated polyplexes in tumor tissue caused NIS gene expression. Subsequent (123)I(-) intravenous injection resulted in 6.8 ± 1.1 and 4.5 ± 0.8% ID/g (p < 0.001) iodide accumulation in tumors in the case of targeted and non-targeted polyplexes, respectively, as was shown using SPECT/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Durymanov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5, Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, 1-12, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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14
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Li X, Xu X, Jin A, Jia Q, Zhou H, Kang S, Lou Y, Gao J, Lu J. Self-assembled HCV core virus-like particles targeted and inhibited tumor cell migration and invasion. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:401. [PMID: 24074276 PMCID: PMC3856463 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We used a baculovirus expression system to express fusion proteins of HCV core, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptide, and IFN-α2a fragments in Sf9 cells. Western blotting and electron microscopy demonstrate that HCV core, peptides RGD, and IFN-α2a fusion proteins assemble into 30 to 40 nm nano-particles (virus-like particles, VLPs). Xenograft assays show that VLPs greatly reduced tumor volume and weight with regard to a nontreated xenograft. Migration and invasion results show that VLPs can inhibit the migration and invasion of the breast cancer cells MDA-MB231. This study will provide theoretical and experimental basis for the establishment of safe and effective tumor-targeted drug delivery systems and clinical application of VLPs carrying cell interacting cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuehe Xu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aihui Jin
- Clinical Laboratory of Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qunying Jia
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaibin Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jimin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Technology and Application of Model Organisms, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People’s Republic of China
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15
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An S, Park JS. Nonviral Gene Delivery by a Novel Protein Transduction Domain. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Parhiz H, Shier WT, Ramezani M. From rationally designed polymeric and peptidic systems to sophisticated gene delivery nano-vectors. Int J Pharm 2013; 457:237-59. [PMID: 24060371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lack of safe, efficient and controllable methods for delivering therapeutic genes appears to be the most important factor preventing human gene therapy. Safety issues encountered with viral vectors have prompted substantial attention to in vivo investigations with non-viral vectors throughout the past decade. However, developing non-viral vectors with effectiveness comparable to viral ones has been a challenge. The strategy of designing multifunctional synthetic carriers targeting several extracellular and intracellular barriers in the gene transfer pathway has emerged as a promising approach to improving the efficacy of gene delivery systems. This review will explain how sophisticated synthetic vectors can be created by combining conventional polycationic vectors such as polyethylenimine and basic amino acid peptides with additional polymers and peptides that are designed to overcome potential barriers to the gene delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Parhiz
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 91775-1365, Mashhad, Iran
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17
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Marelli UK, Rechenmacher F, Sobahi TRA, Mas-Moruno C, Kessler H. Tumor Targeting via Integrin Ligands. Front Oncol 2013; 3:222. [PMID: 24010121 PMCID: PMC3757457 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2013.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective and targeted delivery of drugs to tumors is a major challenge for an effective cancer therapy and also to overcome the side-effects associated with current treatments. Overexpression of various receptors on tumor cells is a characteristic structural and biochemical aspect of tumors and distinguishes them from physiologically normal cells. This abnormal feature is therefore suitable for selectively directing anticancer molecules to tumors by using ligands that can preferentially recognize such receptors. Several subtypes of integrin receptors that are crucial for cell adhesion, cell signaling, cell viability, and motility have been shown to have an upregulated expression on cancer cells. Thus, ligands that recognize specific integrin subtypes represent excellent candidates to be conjugated to drugs or drug carrier systems and be targeted to tumors. In this regard, integrins recognizing the RGD cell adhesive sequence have been extensively targeted for tumor-specific drug delivery. Here we review key recent examples on the presentation of RGD-based integrin ligands by means of distinct drug-delivery systems, and discuss the prospects of such therapies to specifically target tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya Kiran Marelli
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS) and Center for Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), Department Chemie, Technische Universität München , Garching , Germany
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18
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Shoffstall AJ, Everhart LM, Varley ME, Soehnlen ES, Shick AM, Ustin JS, Lavik EB. Tuning ligand density on intravenous hemostatic nanoparticles dramatically increases survival following blunt trauma. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:2790-7. [PMID: 23841817 DOI: 10.1021/bm400619v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles are being pursued for a range of medical applications. Here we utilized targeted nanoparticles (synthetic platelets) to halt bleeding in acute trauma. One of the major questions that arises in the field is the role of surface ligand density in targeted nanoparticles' performance. We developed intravenous hemostatic nanoparticles (GRGDS-NP1) and previously demonstrated their ability to reduce bleeding following femoral artery injury and increase survival after lethal liver trauma in the rat. These nanoparticles are made from block copolymers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-b-poly L-lysine-b-poly(ethylene glycol). Surface-conjugated targeting ligand density can be tightly controlled with this system, and here we investigated the effect of varying density on hemostasis and biodistribution. We increased the targeting peptide (GRGDS) concentration 100-fold (GRGDS-NP100) and undertook an in vitro dose-response study using rotational thromboelastometry, finding that GRGDS-NP100 hemostatic nanoparticles were efficacious at doses at least 10 times lower than the GRGDS-NP1. These results were recapitulated in vivo, demonstrating efficacy at eight-fold lower concentration after lethal liver trauma. 1 h survival increased to 92% compared with a scrambled peptide control, 45% (OR = 14.4, 95% CI = [1.36, 143]), a saline control, 47% (OR = 13.5, 95% CI = [1.42, 125]), and GRGDS-NP1, 80% (OR = 1.30, n.s.). This work demonstrates the impact of changing synthetic platelet ligand density on hemostasis and lays the foundation for methods to determine optimal ligand concentration parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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19
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Qian J, Gao X. Triblock copolymer-encapsulated nanoparticles with outstanding colloidal stability for siRNA delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2845-52. [PMID: 23320382 PMCID: PMC3636168 DOI: 10.1021/am3021813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of siRNA nanocarrier with compact, uniform size and excellent colloidal stability has been developed by combining inorganic nanoparticles with rationally designed triblock copolymers. In contrast to conventional cationic polymers and nanoparticles that often condense oligonucleotides into polydisperse aggregates, our nanoparticle-polymer complexes remain single after loading with siRNA. More importantly, they are highly stable even in complete serum, which fills the gap between in vitro technology development using serum-free (or low percentage serum) cell culture media and downstream in vivo applications. Targeted delivery is achieved in GFP-expressing HeLa cells by functionalizing the siRNA delivery vehicle with an integrin-specific peptide ligand. The GFP positive cell population can be reduced from the original 86 to 60 and 25% for nontargeted and targeted nanoparticle-polymer complexes, respectively. At the nanocarrier concentration for siRNA delivery, virtually no cytotoxicity was detected. Further development and validation of this technology by introducing biodegradable and biocompatible core particles and testing them in lab animals could enable widespread uses of siRNA and potentially lead to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Qian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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20
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Abstract
Gene therapy has long been regarded a promising treatment for many diseases, whether acquired (such as AIDS or cancer) or inherited through a genetic disorder. A drug based on a nucleic acid, however, must be delivered to the interior of the target cell while surviving an array of biological defenses honed by evolution. Successful gene therapy is thus dependent on the development of an efficient delivery vector. Researchers have pursued two major vehicles for gene delivery: viral and nonviral (synthetic) vectors. Although viral vectors currently offer greater efficiency, nonviral vectors, which are typically based on cationic lipids or polymers, are preferred because of safety concerns with viral vectors. So far, nonviral vectors can readily transfect cells in culture, but efficient nanomedicines remain far removed from the clinic. Overcoming the obstacles associated with nonviral vectors to improve the delivery efficiency and therapeutic effect of nucleic acids is thus an active area of current research. The difficulties are manifold, including the strong interaction of cationic delivery vehicles with blood components, uptake by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), toxicity, and managing the targeting ability of the carriers with respect to the cells of interest. Modifying the surface with poly(ethylene glycol), that is, PEGylation, is the predominant method used to reduce the binding of plasma proteins to nonviral vectors and minimize clearance by the RES after intravenous administration. Nanoparticles that are not rapidly cleared from the circulation accumulate in the tumors because of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the targeting ligands attached to the distal end of the PEGylated components allow binding to the receptors on the target cell surface. Neutral and anionic liposomes have been also developed for systemic delivery of nucleic acids in experimental animal models. Other approaches include (i) designing and synthesizing novel cationic lipids and polymers, (ii) chemically coupling the nucleic acid to peptides, targeting ligands, polymers, or environmentally sensitive moieties, and (iii) utilizing inorganic nanoparticles in nucleic acid delivery. Recently, the different classes of nonviral vectors appear to be converging, and the ability to combine features of different classes of nonviral vectors in a single strategy has emerged. With the strengths of several approaches working in concert, more hurdles associated with efficient nucleic acid delivery might therefore be overcome. In this Account, we focus on these novel nonviral vectors, which are classified as multifunctional hybrid nucleic acid vectors, novel membrane/core nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery, and ultrasound-responsive nucleic acid vectors. We highlight systemic delivery studies and consider the future prospects for nucleic acid delivery. A better understanding of the fate of the nanoparticles inside the cell and of the interactions between the parts of hybrid particles should lead to a delivery system suitable for clinical use. We also underscore the value of sustained release of a nucleic acid in this endeavor; making vectors targeted to cells with sustained release in vivo should provide an interesting research challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Guo
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, P. R. China
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Omata D, Negishi Y, Hagiwara S, Yamamura S, Endo-Takahashi Y, Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Aramaki Y. Enhanced gene delivery using Bubble liposomes and ultrasound for folate-PEG liposomes. J Drug Target 2012; 20:355-63. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.660162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Omata D, Negishi Y, Hagiwara S, Yamamura S, Endo-Takahashi Y, Suzuki R, Maruyama K, Nomizu M, Aramaki Y. Bubble Liposomes and Ultrasound Promoted Endosomal Escape of TAT-PEG Liposomes as Gene Delivery Carriers. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:2416-23. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200353m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Omata
- Department of Drug
Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug
Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoko Hagiwara
- Department of Drug
Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Sho Yamamura
- Department of Drug
Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoko Endo-Takahashi
- Department of Drug
Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara,
Kanagawa 252-5195, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Teikyo University, Sagamihara,
Kanagawa 252-5195, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical
Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Aramaki
- Department of Drug
Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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23
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Gojgini S, Tokatlian T, Segura T. Utilizing cell-matrix interactions to modulate gene transfer to stem cells inside hyaluronic acid hydrogels. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1582-91. [PMID: 21823632 DOI: 10.1021/mp200171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effective delivery of DNA locally would increase the applicability of gene therapy in tissue regeneration, where diseased tissue is to be repaired in situ. One promising approach is to use hydrogel scaffolds to encapsulate and deliver plasmid DNA in the form of nanoparticles to the diseased tissue, so that cells infiltrating the scaffold are transfected to induce regeneration. This study focuses on the design of a DNA nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel scaffold. In particular, this study focuses on understanding how cell-matrix interactions affect gene transfer to adult stem cells cultured inside matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) degradable hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel scaffolds. HA was cross-linked to form a hydrogel material using a MMP degradable peptide and Michael addition chemistry. Gene transfer inside these hydrogel materials was assessed as a function of polyplex nitrogen to phosphate ratio (N/P = 5 to 12), matrix stiffness (100-1700 Pa), RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) concentration (10-400 μM), and RGD presentation (0.2-4.7 RGDs per HA molecule). All variables were found to affect gene transfer to mouse mensenchymal stem cells culture inside the DNA loaded hydrogels. As expected, higher N/P ratios lead to higher gene transfer efficiency but also higher toxicity; softer hydrogels resulted in higher transgene expression than stiffer hydrogels, and an intermediate RGD concentration and RGD clustering resulted in higher transgene expression. We believe that the knowledge gained through this in vitro model can be utilized to design better scaffold-mediated gene delivery for local gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Gojgini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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24
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Wang T, Upponi JR, Torchilin VP. Design of multifunctional non-viral gene vectors to overcome physiological barriers: dilemmas and strategies. Int J Pharm 2011; 427:3-20. [PMID: 21798324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gene-based therapeutics hold great promise for medical advancement and have been used to treat various human diseases with mixed success. However, their therapeutic application in vivo is limited due largely to several physiological barriers. The design of non-viral gene vectors with the ability to overcome delivery obstacles is currently under extensive investigation. These efforts have placed an emphasis on the development of multifunctional vectors able to execute multiple tasks to simultaneously overcome both extracellular and intracellular obstacles. However, the assembly of these different functionalities into a single system to create multifunctional gene vectors faces many conflicts that largely limit the safe and efficient application of lipoplexes and polyplexes in a systemic delivery. In the review, we have described the dilemmas inherent in the design of a viable, non-viral gene vector equipped with multiple functionalities. The strategies directed towards individual delivery barriers are first summarized, followed by a focus on the design of so-called smart multifunctional vectors with the capability to overcome the delivery difficulties of gene medicines, including the so-called the "polycation dilemma", the "PEG dilemma" and the "package and release dilemma".
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 312 Mugar Life Sciences Building, 360 Huntington Avenue, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Nie Y, Schaffert D, Rödl W, Ogris M, Wagner E, Günther M. Dual-targeted polyplexes: One step towards a synthetic virus for cancer gene therapy. J Control Release 2011; 152:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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26
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Fakhari A, Baoum A, Le KB, Siahaan TJ, Berkland C. Controlling ligand surface density optimizes nanoparticle binding to ICAM-1. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:1045-56. [PMID: 20922813 PMCID: PMC4245447 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
During infection, pathogens utilize surface receptors to gain entry into intracellular compartments. Multiple receptor-ligand interactions that lead to pathogen internalization have been identified and the importance of multivalent ligand binding as a means to facilitate internalization has emerged. The effect of ligand density, however, is less well known. In this study, ligand density was examined using poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs). A cyclic peptide, cLABL, was used as a targeting moiety, as it is a known ligand for intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). To modulate the number of reactive sites on the surface of PLGA NPs, modified Pluronic with carboxyl groups and Pluronic with hydroxyl groups were combined in different ratios and the particle properties were examined. Utilizing a surfactant mixture directly affected the particle charge and the number of reactive sites for cLABL conjugation. The surface density of cLABL peptide increased as the relative amount of reactive Pluronic was increased. Studies using carcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) showed that cLABL density might be optimized to improve cellular uptake. These results complement other studies, suggesting that surface density of the targeting moiety on the NP surface should be considered to enhance the effect of ligands used for cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fakhari
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas
| | - Abdulgader Baoum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas
| | - Khoi Ba Le
- Departemant of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
| | - Teruna J. Siahaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas
| | - Cory Berkland
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas
- Departemant of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas
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27
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Zhang J, Lei Y, Dhaliwal A, Ng QKT, Du J, Yan M, Lu Y, Segura T. Protein−Polymer Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1021/bm101354a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yuguo Lei
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Anandika Dhaliwal
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Quinn KT Ng
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Juanjuan Du
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Ming Yan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department and ‡Biomedical Engineering Interdepartmental Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
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28
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Pandita D, Santos JL, Rodrigues J, Pêgo AP, Granja PL, Tomás H. Gene delivery into mesenchymal stem cells: a biomimetic approach using RGD nanoclusters based on poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2011; 12:472-81. [PMID: 21210673 DOI: 10.1021/bm1012647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (generations 5 and 6) with amine termini were conjugated with peptides containing the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence having in view their application as gene delivery vectors. The idea behind the work was to take advantage of the cationic nature of dendrimers and of the integrin targeting capabilities of the RGD motif to improve gene delivery. Dendrimers were used as scaffolds for RGD clustering and, by controlling the number of peptides (4, 8, and 16) linked to each dendrimer, it was possible to evaluate the effect of RGD density on the gene delivery process. The new vectors were characterized in respect to their ability to neutralize and compact plasmid DNA (pDNA). The complexes formed by the vectors and pDNA were studied concerning their size, zeta potential, capacity of being internalized by cells and ability of transferring genes. Transfection efficiency was analyzed, first, by using a pDNA encoding for Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein and Firefly Luciferase and, second, by using a pDNA encoding for Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells was enhanced using the new vectors in comparison to native dendrimers and was shown to be dependent on the electrostatic interaction established between the dendrimer moiety and the cell surface, as well as on the RGD density of nanoclusters. The use of dendrimer scaffolds for RGD cluster formation is a new approach that can be extended beyond gene delivery applications, whenever RGD clustering is important for modulating cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Pandita
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, Funchal, Portugal
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Ng QKT, Su H, Armijo AL, Czernin J, Radu CG, Segura T. Clustered Arg-Gly-Asp peptides enhances tumor targeting of nonviral vectors. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:623-7. [PMID: 21442757 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn K T Ng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Numata K, Hamasaki J, Subramanian B, Kaplan DL. Gene delivery mediated by recombinant silk proteins containing cationic and cell binding motifs. J Control Release 2010; 146:136-43. [PMID: 20457191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Silk proteins are biodegradable and biocompatible, and can also be tailored to contain additional features via genetic engineering, suggesting utility for gene delivery. In the present study, novel silk-based block copolymers were bioengineered both with poly(L-lysine) domains to interact with plasmid DNA (pDNA) and RGD, to enhance cell-binding and transfection efficiency. Ionic complexes of these silk-polylysine-RGD block copolymers with pDNA were prepared, characterized and utilized for gene delivery to HeLa cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. The material systems were characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis, zeta-potentialmeter, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Sizes and charges of the pDNA complexes were regulated by the polymer/nucleotide molar ratio. Samples with 30-lysine residues and 11 RGD sequences, prepared at the ratio of number of amines/phosphates from pDNA (N/P) of 2, had an average solution diameter of 186 nm and showed the highest transfection efficiency. The intracellular distribution of complexes of Cy5-labeled pDNA was investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The Cy5-labeled pDNA was distributed near the cell membrane and around the nuclei, indicating that the pDNA was transferred near the nucleus. The results demonstrated the potential of bioengineered silk proteins with additional functional features as a new family of highly tailored gene delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Numata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Wang H, Chen KJ, Wang S, Ohashi M, Kamei KI, Sun J, Ha JH, Liu K, Tseng HR. A small library of DNA-encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles for targeted gene delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:1851-3. [PMID: 20198230 DOI: 10.1039/b923711a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a convenient, flexible and modular synthetic approach for preparation of a small library of DNA-encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles SNPs superset DNA and RGD-SNPs superset DNA with different sizes and RGD target ligand coverage for targeted gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plazas, CNSI Building, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA.
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32
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Hart SL. Multifunctional nanocomplexes for gene transfer and gene therapy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2010; 26:69-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-009-9141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Waite CL, Roth CM. PAMAM-RGD conjugates enhance siRNA delivery through a multicellular spheroid model of malignant glioma. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:1908-16. [PMID: 19775120 DOI: 10.1021/bc900228m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Generation 5 poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers were modified by the addition of cyclic RGD targeting peptides and were evaluated for their ability to associate with siRNA and mediate siRNA delivery to U87 malignant glioma cells. PAMAM-RGD conjugates were able to complex with siRNA to form complexes of approximately 200 nm in size. Modest siRNA delivery was observed in U87 cells using either PAMAM or PAMAM-RGD conjugates. PAMAM-RGD conjugates prevented the adhesion of U87 cells to fibrinogen-coated plates, in a manner that depends on the number of RGD ligands per dendrimer. The delivery of siRNA through three-dimensional multicellular spheroids of U87 cells was enhanced using PAMAM-RGD conjugates compared to the native PAMAM dendrimers, presumably by interfering with integrin-ECM contacts present in a three-dimensional tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Waite
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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