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Iyaswamy A, Thakur A, Guan XJ, Krishnamoorthi S, Fung TY, Lu K, Gaurav I, Yang Z, Su CF, Lau KF, Zhang K, Ng RCL, Lian Q, Cheung KH, Ye K, Chen HJ, Li M. Fe65-engineered neuronal exosomes encapsulating corynoxine-B ameliorate cognition and pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:404. [PMID: 37867176 PMCID: PMC10590775 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01657-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the predominant impairment of neurons in the hippocampus and the formation of amyloid plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. The overexpression of amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) in an AD brain results in the binding of APP intracellular domain (AICD) to Fe65 protein via the C-terminal Fe65-PTB2 interaction, which then triggers the secretion of amyloid-β and the consequent pathogenesis of AD. Apparently, targeting the interaction between APP and Fe65 can offer a promising therapeutic approach for AD. Recently, exosome, a type of extracellular vesicle with diameter around 30-200 nm, has gained much attention as a potential delivery tool for brain diseases, including AD, due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, their efficient uptake by autologous cells, and their ability to be surface-modified with target-specific receptor ligands. Here, the engineering of hippocampus neuron cell-derived exosomes to overexpress Fe65, enabled the development of a novel exosome-based targeted drug delivery system, which carried Corynoxine-B (Cory-B, an autophagy inducer) to the APP overexpressed-neuron cells in the brain of AD mice. The Fe65-engineered HT22 hippocampus neuron cell-derived exosomes (Fe65-EXO) loaded with Cory-B (Fe65-EXO-Cory-B) hijacked the signaling and blocked the natural interaction between Fe65 and APP, enabling APP-targeted delivery of Cory-B. Notably, Fe65-EXO-Cory-B induced autophagy in APP-expressing neuronal cells, leading to amelioration of the cognitive decline and pathogenesis in AD mice, demonstrating the potential of Fe65-EXO-Cory-B as an effective therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Iyaswamy
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Xin-Jie Guan
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Senthilkumar Krishnamoorthi
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Yan Fung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kejia Lu
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Isha Gaurav
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Su
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kwok-Fai Lau
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roy Chun-Laam Ng
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center and Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- HKUMed Laboratory of Cellular Therapeutics, the University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - King-Ho Cheung
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanhuan Joyce Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Ma R, Kutchy NA, Wang Z, Hu G. Extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of anti-miR-106b inhibits morphine-induced primary ciliogenesis in the brain. Mol Ther 2023; 31:1332-1345. [PMID: 37012704 PMCID: PMC10188913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repeated use of opioids such as morphine causes changes in the shape and signal transduction pathways of various brain cells, including astrocytes and neurons, resulting in alterations in brain functioning and ultimately leading to opioid use disorder. We previously demonstrated that extracellular vesicle (EV)-induced primary ciliogenesis contributes to the development of morphine tolerance. Herein, we aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms and potential EV-mediated therapeutic approach to inhibit morphine-mediated primary ciliogenesis. We demonstrated that miRNA cargo in morphine-stimulated-astrocyte-derived EVs (morphine-ADEVs) mediated morphine-induced primary ciliogenesis in astrocytes. CEP97 is a target of miR-106b and is a negative regulator of primary ciliogenesis. Intranasal delivery of ADEVs loaded with anti-miR-106b decreased the expression of miR-106b in astrocytes, inhibited primary ciliogenesis, and prevented the development of tolerance in morphine-administered mice. Furthermore, we confirmed primary ciliogenesis in the astrocytes of opioid abusers. miR-106b-5p in morphine-ADEVs induces primary ciliogenesis via targeting CEP97. Intranasal delivery of ADEVs loaded with anti-miR-106b ameliorates morphine-mediated primary ciliogenesis and prevents morphine tolerance. Our findings bring new insights into the mechanisms underlying primary cilium-mediated morphine tolerance and pave the way for developing ADEV-mediated small RNA delivery strategies for preventing substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Naseer A Kutchy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901- 8525, USA
| | - Zhongbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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Kutchy NA, Ma R, Liu Y, Buch S, Hu G. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Delivery of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Mice Brain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:819516. [PMID: 35462907 PMCID: PMC9022024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.819516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid membrane-bound vesicles that can pass the blood–brain barrier. Therefore, EVs could be used for the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Herein, we investigated the biodistribution of intranasal perfusion of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-labeled astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) in mice. We used Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle uptake assay to characterize ADEVs. In addition, intranasal perfusion coupled with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to determine the distribution of USPIO-labeled ADEVs in mice. Our results showed the uptake of USPIO by mouse astrocytes and ADEVs. In addition, we confirmed the biodistribution of ADEVs in the brain and other internal organs, including the kidneys, liver, and spleen. Our results suggest that USPIO did not affect mouse astrocyte cell survivability and EV release. Therefore, intranasal delivery of therapeutic loaded EVs could be used for the treatment of various brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer A. Kutchy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Guoku Hu,
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Exosomes as cell-derivative carriers in the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system diseases. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1047-1079. [PMID: 34365576 PMCID: PMC8942947 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the diameter ranging from 50 to 100 nm and are found in different body fluids such as blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), urine and saliva. Like in case of various diseases, based on the parent cells, the content of exosomes (protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA, lipids and metabolites) varies and thus can be utilized as potential biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of the brain diseases. Furthermore, utilizing the natural potential exosomes to cross the blood–brain barrier and by specifically decorating it with the ligand as per the desired brain sites therapeutics can be delivered to brain parenchyma. This review article conveys the importance of exosomes and their use in the treatment and diagnosis of brain/central nervous system diseases.
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Effect of Intranasal Administration of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes on Memory of Mice in Alzheimer's Disease Model. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:575-582. [PMID: 33725248 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of intranasal administration of exosomes obtained by culturing of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MMSC) isolated from the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord on spatial memory of olfactory bulbectomized mice demonstrating the basic signs of a sporadic form of Alzheimer's disease. Intranasal administration of isolated exosomes expressing typical markers CD9, CD63 and CD81 improved spatial memory in bulbectomized animals, which manifested in a significant increase in the number of visits to the target sector and the time spent there in comparison with indifferent sectors. After administration, labeled exosomes were found in the hippocampus and neocortex, the structures playing an important role in learning and memory processes and affected by Alzheimer's disease. The advantages of exosomes in comparison with MMSC are their small size, low immunogenicity, and inability to cause cell transformation together with high therapeutic efficacy.
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Bicker J, Fortuna A, Alves G, Falcão A. Nose-to-brain Delivery of Natural Compounds for the Treatment of Central Nervous System Disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:594-619. [PMID: 31939728 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200115101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several natural compounds have demonstrated potential for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic cerebrovascular disease, glioblastoma, neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, multiple sclerosis and migraine. This is due to their well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-tumor, anti-ischemic and analgesic properties. Nevertheless, many of these molecules have poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and extensive gastrointestinal and/or hepatic first-pass metabolism, leading to a quick elimination as well as low serum and tissue concentrations. Thus, the intranasal route emerged as a viable alternative to oral or parenteral administration, by enabling a direct transport into the brain through the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. With this approach, the blood-brain barrier is circumvented and peripheral exposure is reduced, thereby minimizing possible adverse effects. OBJECTIVE Herein, brain-targeting strategies for nose-to-brain delivery of natural compounds, including flavonoids, cannabinoids, essential oils and terpenes, will be reviewed and discussed. Brain and plasma pharmacokinetics of these molecules will be analyzed and related to their physicochemical characteristics and formulation properties. CONCLUSION Natural compounds constitute relevant alternatives for the treatment of brain diseases but often require loading into nanocarrier systems to reach the central nervous system in sufficient concentrations. Future challenges lie in a deeper characterization of their therapeutic mechanisms and in the development of effective, safe and brain-targeted delivery systems for their intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Bicker
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciencias da Saude, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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Chivero ET, Liao K, Niu F, Tripathi A, Tian C, Buch S, Hu G. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With miR-124 Attenuate Cocaine-Mediated Activation of Microglia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:573. [PMID: 32850781 PMCID: PMC7409518 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124), a brain-enriched microRNA, is known to regulate microglial quiescence. Psychostimulants such as cocaine have been shown to activate microglia by downregulating miR-124, leading, in turn, to neuroinflammation. We thus rationalized that restoring the levels of miR-124 could function as a potential therapeutic approach for cocaine-mediated neuroinflammation. Delivering miRNA based drugs in the brain that are effective and less invasive, however, remains a major challenge in the field. Herein we engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs) and loaded them with miR-124 for delivery in the brain. Approach involved co-transfection of mouse dendritic cells with Dicer siRNA and RVG-Lamp2b plasmid to deplete endogenous miRNAs and for targeting the CNS, respectively. Mouse primary microglia (mPm) were treated with purified engineered EVs loaded with either Cy5-miR-124 or Cy5-scrambled miRNA oligos in the presence or absence of cocaine followed by assessing EV uptake and microglial activation. In vivo studies involved pretreating mice intranasally with engineered EVs followed by cocaine injection (20 mg/kg, i.p.). mPm exposed to EV-miR-124 exhibited reduced expression of miR-124 targets - TLR4 and STAT3 as well as ERK-1/2 and Iba1. In cocaine administered mice, EV-Cy5-miR-124 delivered intranasally were detected in the CNS and significantly reduced the expression of inflammatory markers TLR4, MYD88, STAT3 and NF-kB p65 while also downregulating the microglial activation marker, Iba1. Collectively, these findings suggest that engineered EVs can deliver miR-124 into the CNS, thereby alleviating cocaine-mediated microglial activation. Manipulating EV miRNAs can thus be envisioned as an efficient means for delivery of RNA-based therapeutics to target organs.
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Saint-Pol J, Gosselet F, Duban-Deweer S, Pottiez G, Karamanos Y. Targeting and Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier with Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040851. [PMID: 32244730 PMCID: PMC7226770 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is one of the most complex and selective barriers in the human organism. Its role is to protect the brain and preserve the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). The central elements of this physical and physiological barrier are the endothelial cells that form a monolayer of tightly joined cells covering the brain capillaries. However, as endothelial cells regulate nutrient delivery and waste product elimination, they are very sensitive to signals sent by surrounding cells and their environment. Indeed, the neuro-vascular unit (NVU) that corresponds to the assembly of extracellular matrix, pericytes, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and neurons have the ability to influence BBB physiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a central role in terms of communication between cells. The NVU is no exception, as each cell can produce EVs that could help in the communication between cells in short or long distances. Studies have shown that EVs are able to cross the BBB from the brain to the bloodstream as well as from the blood to the CNS. Furthermore, peripheral EVs can interact with the BBB leading to changes in the barrier’s properties. This review focuses on current knowledge and potential applications regarding EVs associated with the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Saint-Pol
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-3-2179-1746
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sophie Duban-Deweer
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
| | - Gwënaël Pottiez
- Caprion Biosciences Inc., 141, Avenue du Président-Kennedy Suite 5650, Montréal, QC H2X3Y7, Canada;
| | - Yannis Karamanos
- Laboratoire de la Barrière Hémato-Encéphalique (LBHE), UR 2465, University Artois, F-62300 Lens, France; (F.G.); (S.D.-D.); (Y.K.)
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Thomi G, Joerger-Messerli M, Haesler V, Muri L, Surbek D, Schoeberlein A. Intranasally Administered Exosomes from Umbilical Cord Stem Cells Have Preventive Neuroprotective Effects and Contribute to Functional Recovery after Perinatal Brain Injury. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080855. [PMID: 31398924 PMCID: PMC6721675 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatal brain injury (PBI) in preterm birth is associated with substantial injury and dysmaturation of white and gray matter, and can lead to severe neurodevelopmental deficits. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been suggested to have neuroprotective effects in perinatal brain injury, in part through the release of extracellular vesicles like exosomes. We aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of intranasally administered MSC-derived exosomes and their potential to improve neurodevelopmental outcome after PBI. Exosomes were isolated from human Wharton's jelly MSC supernatant using ultracentrifugation. Two days old Wistar rat pups were subjected to PBI by a combination of inflammation and hypoxia-ischemia. Exosomes were intranasally administered after the induction of inflammation and prior to ischemia, which was followed by hypoxia. Infrared-labeled exosomes were intranasally administered to track their distribution with a LI-COR scanner. Acute oligodendrocyte- and neuron-specific cell death was analyzed 24 h after injury in animals with or without MSC exosome application using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemical counterstaining. Myelination, mature oligodendroglial and neuronal cell counts were assessed on postnatal day 11 using immunohistochemistry, Western blot or RT-PCR. Morris water maze assay was used to evaluate the effect of MSC exosomes on long-term neurodevelopmental outcome 4 weeks after injury. We found that intranasally administered exosomes reached the frontal part of the brain within 30 min after administration and distributed throughout the whole brain after 3 h. While PBI was not associated with oligodendrocyte-specific cell death, it induced significant neuron-specific cell death which was substantially reduced upon MSC exosome application prior to ischemia. MSC exosomes rescued normal myelination, mature oligodendroglial and neuronal cell counts which were impaired after PBI. Finally, the application of MSC exosomes significantly improved learning ability in animals with PBI. In conclusion, MSC exosomes represent a novel prevention strategy with substantial clinical potential as they can be administered intranasally, prevent gray and white matter alterations and improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcome after PBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gierin Thomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Joerger-Messerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Haesler
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Muri
- Neuroinfection Laboratory, Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Surbek
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreina Schoeberlein
- Department of Obstetrics and Feto-maternal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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Intranasal Delivery of lincRNA-Cox2 siRNA Loaded Extracellular Vesicles Decreases Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Proliferation in Mice. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 15:390-399. [PMID: 31325121 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), including long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), play an important regulatory role in controlling various biological processes. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that lincRNA-Cox2 plays a global regulatory role in regulating the expression of immune genes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanosized membrane vesicles that have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their ability to efficiently deliver therapeutics to specific target organs or cell types. In this study, we found that lincRNA-Cox2 controls the expression of a set of cell cycle genes in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. Our in vitro study suggested that knocking down lincRNA-Cox2 reversed LPS-induced microglial proliferation. In addition, our in vivo study demonstrated that intranasally delivered lincRNA-Cox2-siRNA loaded EVs could reach the brain resulting in a significant decrease in the expression of lincRNA-Cox2 in the microglia. Importantly, lincRNA-Cox2-siRNA loaded EVs also decreased LPS-induced microglial proliferation in mice. These findings indicate that intranasal delivery of EV-loaded small RNA could be developed as therapeutics for treatment of a multitude of CNS disorders.
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Hu G, Liao K, Niu F, Yang L, Dallon BW, Callen S, Tian C, Shu J, Cui J, Sun Z, Lyubchenko YL, Ka M, Chen XM, Buch S. Astrocyte EV-Induced lincRNA-Cox2 Regulates Microglial Phagocytosis: Implications for Morphine-Mediated Neurodegeneration. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 13:450-463. [PMID: 30388619 PMCID: PMC6202788 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of microglial functions, such as phagocytosis and/or dysregulation of immune responses, has been implicated as an underlying factor involved in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. Our previous studies have demonstrated that long intergenic noncoding RNA (lincRNA)-Cox2 expression is influenced by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and serves as a coactivator of transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a vast array of immune-related genes in microglia. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as primary facilitators of cell-to-cell communication and cellular regulation. Herein, we show that EVs derived from astrocytes exposed to morphine can be taken up by microglial endosomes, leading, in turn, to activation of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) with a subsequent upregulation of lincRNA-Cox2 expression, ultimately resulting in impaired microglial phagocytosis. This was further validated in vivo, wherein inhibition of microglial phagocytic activity was also observed in brain slices isolated from morphine-administrated mice compared with control mice. Additionally, we also showed that intranasal delivery of EVs containing lincRNA-Cox2 siRNA (small interfering RNA) was able to restore microglial phagocytic activity in mice administered morphine. These findings have ramifications for the development of EV-loaded RNA-based therapeutics for the treatment of various disorders involving functional impairment of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
| | - Ke Liao
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Fang Niu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Blake W Dallon
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Shannon Callen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Changhai Tian
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Jiang Shu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Juan Cui
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Yuri L Lyubchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6025, USA
| | - Minhan Ka
- Center for Substance Abuse Pharmacology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Xian-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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Quantitative Proteomics of Cerebrospinal Fluid in Paediatric Pneumococcal Meningitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7042. [PMID: 28765563 PMCID: PMC5539295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for diseases causing major global public health problems, including meningitis, pneumonia and septicaemia. Despite recent advances in antimicrobial therapy, pneumococcal meningitis remains a life-threatening disease. Furthermore, long-term sequelae are a major concern for survivors. Hence, a better understanding of the processes occurring in the central nervous system is crucial to the development of more effective management strategies. We used mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics to identify protein changes in cerebrospinal fluid from children with Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, compared with children admitted to hospital with bacterial meningitis symptoms but negative diagnosis. Samples were analysed, by label free proteomics, in two independent cohorts (cohort 1: cases (n = 8) and hospital controls (n = 4); cohort 2: cases (n = 8), hospital controls (n = 8)). Over 200 human proteins were differentially expressed in each cohort, of which 65% were common to both. Proteins involved in the immune response and exosome signalling were significantly enriched in the infected samples. For a subset of proteins derived from the proteome analysis, we corroborated the proteomics data in a third cohort (hospital controls (n = 15), healthy controls (n = 5), cases (n = 20)) by automated quantitative western blotting, with excellent agreement with our proteomics findings. Proteomics data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD004219.
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Sousa C, Pereira I, Santos AC, Carbone C, Kovačević AB, Silva AM, Souto EB. Targeting dendritic cells for the treatment of autoimmune disorders. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:237-248. [PMID: 28697439 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, it has been recognized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are not only cell debris with no biological role, but instead they play a key role in information exchange between cells either in health and disease conditions. EVs exhibit indeed their biological role in a pleiotropic manner. They can modulate immune responses through the activation, transfer or removal of surface receptors on target cells, the removal of cytolytic components such as membrane attack complexes, and the transfer of signaling molecules/effectors, such as nucleic acid species, infectious particles, and oncogenes. Among the naturally-derived nanoparticles that have been developed in the last years, stimuli responsive exosomes drew special attention since they intrinsically possess many attributes of a desirable drug delivery system. Their small size allows them to bypass the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) clearance, thereby prolonging their circulation time for passive targeting to inflammatory tissues. Moreover, they can deliver their cargo directly into the cytosol, avoiding the lysosomal/endosomal pathway and thus, increasing the transfection efficiency when they are used as gene delivery systems. of This review offers the state of the art knowledge on the physiology and properties of EVs, namely, apoptotic vesicles, microvesicles and exosomes as innovative drug delivery systems for gene therapy, with a special focus on targeting dendritic cells for the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - I Pereira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Innovation and Health Research, Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Carbone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Dept. of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A B Kovačević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, University of Tras-os Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, P-5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - E B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (FFUC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Aryani A, Denecke B. Exosomes as a Nanodelivery System: a Key to the Future of Neuromedicine? Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:818-834. [PMID: 25502465 PMCID: PMC4752585 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the beginning of the last decade, exosomes have been of increased interest in the science community. Exosomes represent a new kind of long distance transfer of biological molecules among cells. This review provides a comprehensive overview about the construction of exosomes, their targeting and their fusion mechanisms to the recipient cells. Complementarily, the current state of research regarding the cargo of exosomes is discussed. A particular focus was placed on the role of exosomes in the central nervous system. An increasing number of physiological processes in the brain could be associated with exosomes. In this context, it is becoming more apparent that exosomes are involved in several neurological and specifically neurodegenerative diseases. The treatment of these kinds of diseases is often difficult not least because of the blood-brain barrier. Exosomes are very stable, can pass the blood-brain barrier and, therefore, reveal bright perspectives towards diagnosis and therapeutic treatments. A prerequisite for clinical applications is a standardised approach. Features necessary for a standardised diagnosis using exosomes are discussed. In therapeutic terms, exosomes represent a promising drug delivery system able to pass the blood-brain barrier. One option to overcome the disadvantages potentially associated with the use of endogenous exosomes is the design of artificial exosomes. The artificial exosomes with a clearly defined therapeutic active cargo and surface marker ensuring the specific targeting to the recipient cells is proposed as a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Aryani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Aachen (IZKF Aachen), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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