1
|
Liu Y, Wei C, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Ren Y, Pi R. In situ chemical reprogramming of astrocytes into neurons: A new hope for the treatment of central neurodegenerative diseases? Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 982:176930. [PMID: 39179093 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Central neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)) are tightly associated with extensive neuron loss. Current therapeutic interventions merely mitigate the symptoms of these diseases, falling short of addressing the fundamental issue of neuron loss. Cell reprogramming, involving the transition of a cell from one gene expression profile to another, has made significant strides in the conversion between diverse somatic cell types. This advancement has been facilitated by gene editing techniques or the synergistic application of small molecules, enabling the conversion of glial cells into functional neurons. Despite this progress, the potential for in situ reprogramming of astrocytes in treating neurodegenerative disorders faces challenges such as immune rejection and genotoxicity. A novel avenue emerges through chemical reprogramming of astrocytes utilizing small molecules, circumventing genotoxic effects and unlocking substantial clinical utility. Recent studies have successfully demonstrated the in situ conversion of astrocytes into neurons using small molecules. Nonetheless, these findings have sparked debates, encompassing queries regarding the origin of newborn neurons, pivotal molecular targets, and alterations in metabolic pathways. This review succinctly delineates the background of astrocytes reprogramming, meticulously surveys the principal classes of small molecule combinations employed thus far, and examines the complex signaling pathways they activate. Finally, this article delves into the potential vistas awaiting exploration in the realm of astrocytes chemical reprogramming, heralding a promising future for advancing our understanding and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Cailv Wei
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Zeyu Zhu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Yu Ren
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Rongbiao Pi
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China; International Joint Laboratory (SYSU-PolyU HK) of Novel Anti-Dementia Drugs of Guangdong, Shenzhen, 518107, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lotfi MS, Kalalinia F. Flavonoids in Combination with Stem Cells for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3270-3282. [PMID: 37462837 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are the leading cause of disability and the world's second leading cause of death. Despite the availability of significant knowledge to reduce the burden of some neurological disorders, various studies are exploring more effective treatment options. While the human body can repair and regenerate damaged tissue through stem cell recruitment, nerve regeneration in case of injury is minimal due to the restriction on the location of nerve stem cells. Recently, different types of stem cells extracted from various tissues have been used in combination with natural stimuli to treat neurologic disorders in neuronal tissue engineering. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that can induce the differentiation of stem cells into neurons and stimulate stem cell proliferation, migration, and survival. They can also increase the secretion of nutritional factors from stem cells. In addition to the effects that flavonoids can have on stem cells, they can also have beneficial therapeutic effects on the nervous system alone. Therefore, the simultaneous use of these compounds and stem cells can multiply the therapeutic effect. In this review, we first introduce flavonoid compounds and provide background information on stem cells. We then compile available reports on the effects of flavonoids on stem cells for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sadegh Lotfi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kalalinia
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Vakilabad Blvd, Pardis University Campus, Mashhad, 91886 17871, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carvalho S, Santos JI, Moreira L, Gonçalves M, David H, Matos L, Encarnação M, Alves S, Coutinho MF. Neurological Disease Modeling Using Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells: A Key Step towards Understanding and Treating Mucopolysaccharidoses. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041234. [PMID: 37189853 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research, the links between the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the clinical features seen in patients suffering from various forms of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) have yet to be further elucidated. This is particularly true for the neuropathology of these disorders; the neurological symptoms are currently incurable, even in the cases where a disease-specific therapeutic approach does exist. One of the best ways to get insights on the molecular mechanisms driving that pathogenesis is the analysis of patient-derived cells. Yet, not every patient-derived cell recapitulates relevant disease features. For the neuronopathic forms of MPSs, for example, this is particularly evident because of the obvious inability to access live neurons. This scenario changed significantly with the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technologies. From then on, a series of differentiation protocols to generate neurons from iPSC was developed and extensively used for disease modeling. Currently, human iPSC and iPSC-derived cell models have been generated for several MPSs and numerous lessons were learnt from their analysis. Here we review most of those studies, not only listing the currently available MPS iPSC lines and their derived models, but also summarizing how they were generated and the major information different groups have gathered from their analyses. Finally, and taking into account that iPSC generation is a laborious/expensive protocol that holds significant limitations, we also hypothesize on a tempting alternative to establish MPS patient-derived neuronal cells in a much more expedite way, by taking advantage of the existence of a population of multipotent stem cells in human dental pulp to establish mixed neuronal and glial cultures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Carvalho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Polo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de SantaComba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juliana Inês Santos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana Moreira
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Gonçalves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Hugo David
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Matos
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marisa Encarnação
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Alves
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Francisca Coutinho
- Research and Development Unit, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, INSA I.P., Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
- Center for the Study of Animal Science-Instituto de Ciências, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto, CECA-ICETA, University of Porto, Praça Gomes Teixeira, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AL4AnimalS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sakuma K, Tsubooka-Yamazoe N, Hashimoto K, Sakai N, Asano S, Watanabe-Matsumoto S, Watanabe T, Saito B, Matsumoto H, Ueno H, Ito R, Toyoda T. CDK8/19 inhibition plays an important role in pancreatic β-cell induction from human iPSCs. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:1. [PMID: 36600289 PMCID: PMC9814340 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transplantation of differentiated cells from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) holds great promise for clinical treatments. Eliminating the risk factor of malignant cell transformation is essential for ensuring the safety of such cells. This study was aimed at assessing and mitigating mutagenicity that may arise during the cell culture process in the protocol of pancreatic islet cell (iPIC) differentiation from hiPSCs. METHODS We evaluated the mutagenicity of differentiation factors used for hiPSC-derived pancreatic islet-like cells (iPICs). We employed Ames mutagenicity assay, flow cytometry analysis, immunostaining, time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based (TR-FRET) cell-free dose-response assays, single-cell RNA-sequencing and in vivo efficacy study. RESULTS We observed a mutagenic effect of activin receptor-like kinase 5 inhibitor II (ALK5iII). ALK5iII is a widely used β-cell inducer but no other tested ALK5 inhibitors induced β-cells. We obtained kinase inhibition profiles and found that only ALK5iII inhibited cyclin-dependent kinases 8 and 19 (CDK8/19) among all ALK5 inhibitors tested. Consistently, CDK8/19 inhibitors efficiently induced β-cells in the absence of ALK5iII. A combination treatment with non-mutagenic ALK5 inhibitor SB431542 and CDK8/19 inhibitor senexin B afforded generation of iPICs with in vitro cellular composition and in vivo efficacy comparable to those observed with ALK5iII. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a new risk mitigation approach for cell therapy and advance our understanding of the β-cell differentiation mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sakuma
- iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Islet Cell (iPIC) Therapy Department, Orizuru Therapeutics Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan. .,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Noriko Tsubooka-Yamazoe
- iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Islet Cell (iPIC) Therapy Department, Orizuru Therapeutics Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan ,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Hashimoto
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Drug Safety Research and Evaluation Group, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, 251-8555 Japan
| | - Nozomu Sakai
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Drug Discovery Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, 251-8555 Japan
| | - Shinya Asano
- Integrated & Translational Science, Axcelead Drug Discovery Partners, Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Saori Watanabe-Matsumoto
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Drug Safety Research and Evaluation Group, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, 251-8555 Japan
| | - Bunnai Saito
- grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017Drug Discovery Sciences, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, 251-8555 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Matsumoto
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan ,grid.419841.10000 0001 0673 6017T-CiRA Discovery and Innovation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Kanagawa, 251-8555 Japan
| | - Hikaru Ueno
- iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Islet Cell (iPIC) Therapy Department, Orizuru Therapeutics Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan ,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Ryo Ito
- iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Islet Cell (iPIC) Therapy Department, Orizuru Therapeutics Inc., Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan ,Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555 Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Takeda-CiRA Joint Program for iPS Cell Applications (T-CiRA), Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan. .,Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amorós MA, Choi ES, Cofré AR, Dokholyan NV, Duzzioni M. Motor neuron-derived induced pluripotent stem cells as a drug screening platform for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:962881. [PMID: 36105357 PMCID: PMC9467621 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.962881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell culture models that recapitulate the etiology and features of nervous system diseases is central to the discovery of new drugs and their translation onto therapies. Neuronal tissues are inaccessible due to skeletal constraints and the invasiveness of the procedure to obtain them. Thus, the emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology offers the opportunity to model different neuronal pathologies. Our focus centers on iPSCs derived from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients, whose pathology remains in urgent need of new drugs and treatment. In this sense, we aim to revise the process to obtain motor neurons derived iPSCs (iPSC-MNs) from patients with ALS as a drug screening model, review current 3D-models and offer a perspective on bioinformatics as a powerful tool that can aid in the progress of finding new pharmacological treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A. Amorós
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Esther S. Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Axel R. Cofré
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Nikolay V. Dokholyan
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacological Innovation, Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson P, Rosendahl N, Radford KJ. Conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) as cancer therapeutics: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2021; 22:465-472. [PMID: 34654337 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.1994943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines over three decades has shown them to be a safe therapeutic approach against a range of hematological and solid malignancies. However, underwhelming and inconsistent results from clinical trials have seen them move in and out of favor. The limitations of ex vivo generated monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) in these therapies provide a pointed explanation for the varying and somewhat disappointing clinical outcomes. The identification of a specialized role for the rare conventional type 1 dendritic cell (cDC1) subset in orchestrating tumor immunity via the initiation of CD8+ T cell responses has led to a new concept of targeting cDC1 as a therapeutic option to address the unmet need of enhancing the immune response in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED This article reviews several current challenges and key opportunities associated with the development and use of next generation cDC1 cancer vaccines. EXPERT OPINION Manipulation of cDC1 quantity and quality holds enormous potential to improve tumor immunogenicity, as already demonstrated in preclinical models. New technologies are rapidly advancing the understanding of cDC1 in human cancer patients and facilitating the generation of these extremely rare cells in vitro, providing feasible new approaches toward clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Johnson
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland Cord Blood Bank At The Mater, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nikita Rosendahl
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
German OL, Vallese-Maurizi H, Soto TB, Rotstein NP, Politi LE. Retina stem cells, hopes and obstacles. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1446-1479. [PMID: 34786153 PMCID: PMC8567457 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i10.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal degeneration is a major contributor to visual dysfunction worldwide. Although it comprises several eye diseases, loss of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) and photoreceptor cells are the major contributors to their pathogenesis. Early therapies included diverse treatments, such as provision of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and many survival and trophic factors that, in some cases, slow down the progression of the degeneration, but do not effectively prevent it. The finding of stem cells (SC) in the eye has led to the proposal of cell replacement strategies for retina degeneration. Therapies using different types of SC, such as retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), embryonic SC, pluripotent SCs (PSCs), induced PSCs (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stromal cells, capable of self-renewal and of differentiating into multiple cell types, have gained ample support. Numerous preclinical studies have assessed transplantation of SC in animal models, with encouraging results. The aim of this work is to revise the different preclinical and clinical approaches, analyzing the SC type used, their efficacy, safety, cell attachment and integration, absence of tumor formation and immunorejection, in order to establish which were the most relevant and successful. In addition, we examine the questions and concerns still open in the field. The data demonstrate the existence of two main approaches, aimed at replacing either RPE cells or photoreceptors. Emerging evidence suggests that RPCs and iPSC are the best candidates, presenting no ethical concerns and a low risk of immunorejection. Clinical trials have already supported the safety and efficacy of SC treatments. Serious concerns are pending, such as the risk of tumor formation, lack of attachment or integration of transplanted cells into host retinas, immunorejection, cell death, and also ethical. However, the amazing progress in the field in the last few years makes it possible to envisage safe and effective treatments to restore vision loss in a near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga L German
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and Neurobiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) Conicet, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Harmonie Vallese-Maurizi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and Neurobiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) Conicet, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara B Soto
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and Neurobiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) Conicet, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and Neurobiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) Conicet, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Enrique Politi
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, and Neurobiology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB) Conicet, Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tukker AM, Westerink RHS. Novel test strategies for in vitro seizure liability assessment. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:923-936. [PMID: 33595380 PMCID: PMC8367052 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing incidence of mental illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases results in a high demand for drugs targeting the central nervous system (CNS). These drugs easily reach the CNS, have a high affinity for CNS targets, and are prone to cause seizures as an adverse drug reaction. Current seizure liability assessment heavily depends on in vivo or ex vivo animal models and is therefore ethically debated, labor intensive, expensive, and not always predictive for human risk. AREAS COVERED The demand for CNS drugs urges the development of alternative safety assessment strategies. Yet, the complexity of the CNS hampers reliable detection of compound-induced seizures. This review provides an overview of the requirements of in vitro seizure liability assays and highlights recent advances, including micro-electrode array (MEA) recordings using rodent and human cell models. EXPERT OPINION Successful and cost-effective replacement of in vivo and ex vivo models for seizure liability screening can reduce animal use for drug development, while increasing the predictive value of the assays, particularly if human cell models are used. However, these novel test strategies require further validation and standardization as well as additional refinements to better mimic the human in vivo situation and increase their predictive value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anke M. Tukker
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Hall for Discovery and Learning Research (DLR 339), INUSA
| | - Remco H. S. Westerink
- Neurotoxicology Research Group, Toxicology Division, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, TD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jha BS, Farnoodian M, Bharti K. Regulatory considerations for developing a phase I investigational new drug application for autologous induced pluripotent stem cells-based therapy product. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:198-208. [PMID: 32946199 PMCID: PMC7848308 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-based therapies have been hailed as the future of regenerative medicine because of their potential to provide treatment options for most degenerative diseases. A key promise of iPSC-based therapies is the possibility of an autologous transplant that may engraft better in the longer-term due to its compatibility with the patient's immune system. Despite over a decade of research, clinical translation of autologous iPSC-based therapies has been slow-partly due to a lacking pre-defined regulatory path. Here, we outline regulatory considerations for developing an autologous iPSC-based product and challenges associated with the clinical manufacturing of autologous iPSCs and their derivatives. These challenges include donor tissue source, reprogramming methods, heterogeneity of differentiated cells, controls for the manufacturing process, and preclinical considerations. A robust manufacturing process with appropriate quality controls and well-informed, prospectively designed preclinical studies provide a path toward successful approval of autologous iPSC-based therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balendu Shekhar Jha
- Center for Cell Engineering, Department of Transfusion MedicineClinical Center, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Mitra Farnoodian
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function BranchNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Kapil Bharti
- Ocular and Stem Cell Translational Research Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function BranchNational Eye Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
All roads lead to Rome: the many ways to pluripotency. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1029-1036. [PMID: 32198717 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell pluripotency, spatial restriction, and development are spatially and temporally controlled by epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that occur without any permanent loss or alteration of genetic material, but rather through modifications "on top of it." These changes modulate the accessibility to transcription factors, either allowing or repressing their activity, thus shaping cell phenotype. Several studies have demonstrated the possibility to interact with these processes, reactivating silenced genes and inducing a high plasticity state, via an active demethylating effect, driven by ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes and an overall decrease of global methylation. In agreement with this, TET activities have been shown to be indispensable for mesenchymal to epithelial transition of somatic cells into iPSCs and for small molecule-driven epigenetic erasure. Beside the epigenetic mechanisms, growing evidences highlight the importance of mechanical forces in supporting cell pluripotency, which is strongly influenced by 3D rearrangement and mechanical properties of the surrounding microenvironment, through the activation of specific mechanosensing-related pathways. In this review, we discuss and provide an overview of small molecule ability to modulate cell plasticity and define cell fate through the activation of direct demethylating effects. In addition, we describe the contribution of the Hippo signaling mechanotransduction pathway as one of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of pluripotency during embryo development and its induction in somatic cells.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahlfors JE, Azimi A, El-Ayoubi R, Velumian A, Vonderwalde I, Boscher C, Mihai O, Mani S, Samoilova M, Khazaei M, Fehlings MG, Morshead CM. Examining the fundamental biology of a novel population of directly reprogrammed human neural precursor cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:166. [PMID: 31196173 PMCID: PMC6567617 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell reprogramming is a promising avenue for cell-based therapies as it allows for the generation of multipotent, unipotent, or mature somatic cells without going through a pluripotent state. While the use of autologous cells is considered ideal, key challenges for their clinical translation include the ability to reproducibly generate sufficient quantities of cells within a therapeutically relevant time window. METHODS We performed transfection of three distinct human somatic starting populations of cells with a non-integrating synthetic plasmid expressing Musashi 1 (MSI1), Neurogenin 2 (NGN2), and Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain 2 (MBD2). The resulting directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells (drNPCs) were examined in vitro using RT-qPCR, karyotype analysis, immunohistochemistry, and FACS at early and late time post-transfection. Electrophysiology (patch clamp) was performed on drNPC-derived neurons to determine their capacity to generate action potentials. In vivo characterization was performed following transplantation of drNPCs into two animal models (Shiverer and SCID/Beige mice), and the numbers, location, and differentiation profile of the transplanted cells were examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Human somatic cells can be directly reprogrammed within two weeks to neural precursor cells (drNPCs) by transient exposure to Msi1, Ngn2, and MBD2 using non-viral constructs. The drNPCs generate all three neural cell types (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons) and can be passaged in vitro to generate large numbers of cells within four weeks. drNPCs can respond to in vivo differentiation and migration cues as demonstrated by their migration to the olfactory bulb and contribution to neurogenesis in vivo. Differentiation profiles of transplanted cells onto the corpus callosum of myelin-deficient mice reveal the production of oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Human drNPCs can be efficiently and rapidly produced from donor somatic cells and possess all the important characteristics of native neural multipotent cells including differentiation into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and in vivo neurogenesis and myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashkan Azimi
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
| | | | - Alexander Velumian
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P5 Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Ilan Vonderwalde
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
| | | | - Oana Mihai
- New World Laboratories, Laval, Quebec, H7V 5B7 Canada
| | - Sarathi Mani
- New World Laboratories, Laval, Quebec, H7V 5B7 Canada
| | - Marina Samoilova
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1P5 Canada
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8 Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8 Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9 Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S3E1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Little D, Ketteler R, Gissen P, Devine MJ. Using stem cell-derived neurons in drug screening for neurological diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:130-141. [PMID: 30925301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives have become an important tool for researching disease mechanisms. It is hoped that they could be used to discover new therapies by providing the most reliable and relevant human in vitro disease models for drug discovery. This review will summarize recent efforts to use stem cell-derived neurons for drug screening. We also explain the current hurdles to using these cells for high-throughput pharmaceutical screening and developments that may help overcome these hurdles. Finally, we critically discuss whether induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons will come to fruition as a model that is regularly used to screen for drugs to treat neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Little
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael J Devine
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dolatshad H, Tatwavedi D, Ahmed D, Tegethoff JF, Boultwood J, Pellagatti A. Application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for the investigation of hematological disorders. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 71:19-33. [PMID: 30341008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first described over a decade ago and are currently used in various basic biology and clinical research fields. Recent advances in the field of human iPSCs have opened the way to a better understanding of the biology of human diseases. Disease-specific iPSCs provide an unparalleled opportunity to establish novel human cell-based disease models, with the potential to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human malignancies, and to accelerate the identification of effective new drugs. When combined with genome editing technologies, iPSCs represent a new approach to study single or multiple disease-causing mutations and model specific diseases in vitro. In addition, genetically corrected patient-specific iPSCs could potentially be used for stem cell based therapy. Furthermore, the reprogrammed cells share patient-specific genetic background, offering a new platform to develop personalized therapy/medicine for patients. In this review we discuss the recent advances in iPSC research technology and their potential applications in hematological diseases. Somatic cell reprogramming has presented new routes for generating patient-derived iPSCs, which can be differentiated to hematopoietic stem cells and the various downstream hematopoietic lineages. iPSC technology shows promise in the modeling of both inherited and acquired hematological disorders. A direct reprogramming and differentiation strategy is able to recapitulate hematological disorder progression and capture the earliest molecular alterations that underlie the initiation of hematological malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Dolatshad
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Dharamveer Tatwavedi
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Doaa Ahmed
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK; Clinical Pathology Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jana F Tegethoff
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacqueline Boultwood
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Pellagatti
- Bloodwise Molecular Haematology Unit, Nuffield Division of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Oxford BRC Haematology Theme, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yoon S, Kang K, Cho YD, Kim Y, Buisson EM, Yim JH, Lee SB, Ryu KY, Jeong J, Choi D. Nonintegrating Direct Conversion Using mRNA into Hepatocyte-Like Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8240567. [PMID: 30327781 PMCID: PMC6171260 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8240567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several researchers have reported that direct reprogramming techniques can be used to differentiate fibroblasts into hepatocyte-like cells without a pluripotent intermediate step. However, the use of viral vectors for conversion continues to pose important challenges in terms of genome integration. Herein, we propose a new method of direct conversion without genome integration with potential clinical applications. To generate hepatocyte-like cells, mRNA coding for the hepatic transcription factors Foxa3 and HNF4α was transfected into mouse embryonic fibroblasts. After 10-12 days, the fibroblasts converted to an epithelial morphology and generated colonies of hepatocyte-like cells (R-iHeps). The generated R-iHeps expressed hepatocyte-specific marker genes and proteins, including albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, HNF4α, CK18, and CYP1A2. To evaluate hepatic function, indocyanine green uptake, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and albumin secretion were assessed. Furthermore, mCherry-positive R-iHeps were engrafted in the liver of Alb-TRECK/SCID mice, and we confirmed FAH enzyme expression in Fah1RTyrc/RJ models. In conclusion, our data suggest that the nonintegrating method using mRNA has potential for cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangtae Yoon
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyojin Kang
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-duck Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Kim
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Elina Maria Buisson
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yim
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Science (KIRAMS), Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Choi
- HY Indang Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Recapitulating kidney development: Progress and challenges. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:153-168. [PMID: 30184476 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research into the molecular and cellular regulation of kidney morphogenesis in rodent models, particularly the mouse, has provided both an atlas of the mammalian kidney and a roadmap for recreating kidney cell types with potential applications for the treatment of kidney disease. With advances in both our capacity to maintain nephron progenitors in culture, reprogram to kidney cell types and direct the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to kidney endpoints, renal regeneration via cellular therapy or tissue engineering may be possible. Human kidney models also have potential for disease modelling and drug screening. Such applications will rely upon the accuracy of the model at the cellular level and the capacity for stem-cell derived kidney tissue to recapitulate both normal and diseased kidney tissue. In this review, we will discuss the available cell sources, how well they model the human kidney and how far we are from application either as models or for tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
17
|
Aijaz A, Li M, Smith D, Khong D, LeBlon C, Fenton OS, Olabisi RM, Libutti S, Tischfield J, Maus MV, Deans R, Barcia RN, Anderson DG, Ritz J, Preti R, Parekkadan B. Biomanufacturing for clinically advanced cell therapies. Nat Biomed Eng 2018; 2:362-376. [PMID: 31011198 PMCID: PMC6594100 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-018-0246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The achievements of cell-based therapeutics have galvanized efforts to bring cell therapies to the market. To address the demands of the clinical and eventual commercial-scale production of cells, and with the increasing generation of large clinical datasets from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy, from transplants of engineered haematopoietic stem cells and from other promising cell therapies, an emphasis on biomanufacturing requirements becomes necessary. Robust infrastructure should address current limitations in cell harvesting, expansion, manipulation, purification, preservation and formulation, ultimately leading to successful therapy administration to patients at an acceptable cost. In this Review, we highlight case examples of cutting-edge bioprocessing technologies that improve biomanufacturing efficiency for cell therapies approaching clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Aijaz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Li
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Smith
- Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, Allendale, NJ, USA
| | - Danika Khong
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney LeBlon
- Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, Allendale, NJ, USA
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Division of Health Science and Technology, and the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronke M Olabisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jay Tischfield
- Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, RUCDR, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Division of Health Science and Technology, and the David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jerome Ritz
- Cell Manipulation Core Facility, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Preti
- Hitachi Chemical Advanced Therapeutics Solutions, Allendale, NJ, USA
| | - Biju Parekkadan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Center for Surgery, Innovation, and Bioengineering, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
- Sentien Biotechnologies, Inc, Lexington, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
The Role of Nonhuman Primate Animal Models in the Clinical Development of Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies. Mol Ther 2018; 24:1165-9. [PMID: 27506376 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
|
19
|
Ren N, Atyah M, Chen WY, Zhou CH. The various aspects of genetic and epigenetic toxicology: testing methods and clinical applications. J Transl Med 2017; 15:110. [PMID: 28532423 PMCID: PMC5440915 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1218-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genotoxicity refers to the ability of harmful substances to damage genetic information in cells. Being exposed to chemical and biological agents can result in genomic instabilities and/or epigenetic alterations, which translate into a variety of diseases, cancer included. This concise review discusses, from both a genetic and epigenetic point of view, the current detection methods of different agents’ genotoxicity, along with their basic and clinical relation to human cancer, chemotherapy, germ cells and stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Manar Atyah
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Yong Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Hao Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hong SG, Yada RC, Choi K, Carpentier A, Liang TJ, Merling RK, Sweeney CL, Malech HL, Jung M, Corat MAF, AlJanahi AA, Lin Y, Liu H, Tunc I, Wang X, Palisoc M, Pittaluga S, Boehm M, Winkler T, Zou J, Dunbar CE. Rhesus iPSC Safe Harbor Gene-Editing Platform for Stable Expression of Transgenes in Differentiated Cells of All Germ Layers. Mol Ther 2017; 25:44-53. [PMID: 28129126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primate (NHP) induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer the opportunity to investigate the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of proposed iPSC-derived cellular delivery in clinically relevant in vivo models. However, there is need for stable, robust, and safe labeling methods for NHP iPSCs and their differentiated lineages to study survival, proliferation, tissue integration, and biodistribution following transplantation. Here we investigate the utility of the adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1) as a safe harbor for the addition of transgenes in our rhesus macaque iPSC (RhiPSC) model. A clinically relevant marker gene, human truncated CD19 (hΔCD19), or GFP was inserted into the AAVS1 site in RhiPSCs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Genetically modified RhiPSCs maintained normal karyotype and pluripotency, and these clones were able to further differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. In contrast to transgene delivery using randomly integrating viral vectors, AAVS1 targeting allowed stable transgene expression following differentiation. Off-target mutations were observed in some edited clones, highlighting the importance of careful characterization of these cells prior to downstream applications. Genetically marked RhiPSCs will be useful to further advance clinically relevant models for iPSC-based cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Gun Hong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Ravi Chandra Yada
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyujoo Choi
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arnaud Carpentier
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - T Jake Liang
- Liver Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Randall K Merling
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colin L Sweeney
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harry L Malech
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Moonjung Jung
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcus A F Corat
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Multidisciplinar Center for Biological Research, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-877, Brazil
| | - Aisha A AlJanahi
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Chemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Yongshun Lin
- iPSC Core, Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Huimin Liu
- iPSC Core, Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Systems Biology Core, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xujing Wang
- Systems Biology Core, Systems Biology Center, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Maryknoll Palisoc
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manfred Boehm
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, Center for Molecular Medicine, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paes BCMF, Moço PD, Pereira CG, Porto GS, de Sousa Russo EM, Reis LCJ, Covas DT, Picanço-Castro V. Ten years of iPSC: clinical potential and advances in vitro hematopoietic differentiation. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 33:233-250. [PMID: 28039590 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ten years have passed since the first publication announcing the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Issues related to ethics, immune rejection, and cell availability seemed to be solved following this breakthrough. The development of iPSC technology allows advances in in vitro cell differentiation for cell therapy purpose and other clinical applications. This review provides a perspective on the iPSC potential for cell therapies, particularly for hematological applications. We discuss the advances in in vitro hematopoietic differentiation, the possibilities to employ iPSC in hematology studies, and their potential clinical application in hematologic diseases. The generation of red blood cells and functional T cells and the genome editing technology applied to mutation correction are also covered. We highlight some of the requirements and obstacles to be overcome before translating these cells from research to the clinic, for instance, iPSC variability, genotoxicity, the differentiation process, and engraftment. Also, we evaluate the patent landscape and compile the clinical trials in the field of pluripotent stem cells. Currently, we know much more about iPSC than in 2006, but there are still challenges that must be solved. A greater understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of hematopoietic stem cells is necessary to produce suitable and transplantable hematopoietic stem progenitor cells from iPSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cristina Martins Fernandes Paes
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Pablo Diego Moço
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Gonçalves Pereira
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geciane Silveira Porto
- School of Economics, Business Administration and Accounting at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elisa Maria de Sousa Russo
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Cunha Junqueira Reis
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Pharmaceutical Sciences School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School and Center for Cell-based Therapy (CTC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil
| | - Virginia Picanço-Castro
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Rua Tenente Catão Roxo, 2501, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14051-140, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Current Perspective of Stem Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7276-7296. [PMID: 27815831 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0217-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have been an unsolved riddle for quite a while; to date, there are no proper and effective curative treatments and only palliative and symptomatic treatments are available to treat these illnesses. The absence of therapeutic treatments for neurodegenerative ailments has huge economic hit and strain on the society. Pharmacotherapies and various surgical procedures like deep brain stimulation are being given to the patient, but they are only effective for the symptoms and not for the diseases. This paper reviews the recent studies and development of stem cell therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. Stem cell-based treatment is a promising new way to deal with neurodegenerative diseases. Stem cell transplantation can advance useful recuperation by delivering trophic elements that impel survival and recovery of host neurons in animal models and patients with neurodegenerative maladies. Several mechanisms, for example, substitution of lost cells, cell combination, release of neurotrophic factor, proliferation of endogenous stem cell, and transdifferentiation, may clarify positive remedial results. With the current advancements in the stem cell therapies, a new hope for the cure has come out since they have potential to be a cure for the same. This review compiles stem cell therapy recent conceptions in neurodegenerative and neurometabolic diseases and updates in this field. Graphical Absract ᅟ.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fagoonee S, Famulari ES, Silengo L, Camussi G, Altruda F. Prospects for Adult Stem Cells in the Treatment of Liver Diseases. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1471-1482. [PMID: 27503633 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes constitute the main bulk of the liver and perform several essential functions. After injury, the hepatocytes have a remarkable capacity to regenerate and restore functionality. However, in some cases, the endogenous hepatocytes cannot replicate or restore the function, and liver transplantation, which is not exempt of complications, is required. Stem cells offer in theory the possibility of generating unlimited supply of hepatocytes in vitro due to their capacity to self-renew and differentiate when given the right cues. Stem cells isolated from an array of tissues have been investigated for their capacity to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and are employed in rescue experiments in vivo. Adult stem cells have gained in attractiveness over embryonic stem cells for liver cell therapy due to their origin, multipotentiality, and the possibility of autologous transplantation. This review deals with the promise and limitations of adult stem cells in clinically restoring liver functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Fagoonee
- 1 Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging , CNR, Turin, Italy .,2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Elvira Smeralda Famulari
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Silengo
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,4 Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino , Torino, Italy
| | - Fiorella Altruda
- 2 Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin , Turin, Italy .,3 Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin , Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Deng W, Cao X, Wang Y, Yu Q, Zhang Z, Qu R, Chen J, Shao G, Gao X, Xu X, Yu J. Pleurotus eryngii Polysaccharide Promotes Pluripotent Reprogramming via Facilitating Epigenetic Modification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1264-1273. [PMID: 26809505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus eryngii is a medicinal/edible mushroom with great nutritional value and bioactivity. Its polysaccharide has recently been developed into an effective gene vector via cationic modification. In the present study, cationized P. eryngii polysaccharide (CPS), hybridized with calcium phosphate (CP), was used to codeliver plasmids (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc) for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The results revealed that the hybrid nanoparticles could significantly enhance the process and efficiency of reprogramming (1.6-fold increase) compared with the CP nanoparticles. The hybrid CPS also facilitated epigenetic modification during the reprogramming. Moreover, these hybrid nanoparticles exhibited multiple pathways (both caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytosis) in their cellular internalization, which accounted for the improved iPSCs generation. These findings therefore present a novel application of P. eryngii polysaccharide in pluripotent reprogramming via active epigenetic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qingtong Yu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim J, Kim KP, Lim KT, Lee SC, Yoon J, Song G, Hwang SI, Schöler HR, Cantz T, Han DW. Generation of integration-free induced hepatocyte-like cells from mouse fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15706. [PMID: 26503743 PMCID: PMC4621602 DOI: 10.1038/srep15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate integration-free induced hepatocyte-like cells (iHeps) from somatic fibroblasts has the potential to advance their clinical application. Here, we have generated integration-free, functional, and expandable iHeps from mouse somatic fibroblasts. To elicit this direct conversion, we took advantage of an oriP/EBNA1-based episomal system to deliver a set of transcription factors, Gata4, Hnf1a, and Foxa3, to the fibroblasts. The established iHeps exhibit similar morphology, marker expression, and functional properties to primary hepatocytes. Furthermore, integration-free iHeps prolong the survival of fumarylacetoacetate-hydrolase-deficient (Fah(-/-)) mice after cell transplantation. Our study provides a novel concept for generating functional and expandable iHeps using a non-viral, non-integrating, plasmid-based system that could facilitate their pharmaceutical and biomedical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonghun Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kyung Tae Lim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chan Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyong Yoon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangqi Song
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Seon In Hwang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- University of Münster, Medical Faculty, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Cantz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
- REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- KU Open-Innovation Center, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Modeling Human Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Genome Engineering. Mol Ther 2015; 23:1832-42. [PMID: 26435409 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of epigenetic reprogramming with advanced genome editing technologies opened a new avenue to study disease mechanisms, particularly of disorders with depleted target tissue. Bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) typically present with a marked reduction of peripheral blood cells due to a destroyed or dysfunctional bone marrow compartment. Somatic and germline mutations have been etiologically linked to many cases of BMFS. However, without the ability to study primary patient material, the exact pathogenesis for many entities remained fragmentary. Capturing the pathological genotype in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) allows studying potential developmental defects leading to a particular phenotype. The lack of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in these patients can also be overcome by differentiating patient-derived iPSCs into hematopoietic lineages. With fast growing genome editing techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9, correction of disease-causing mutations in iPSCs or introduction of mutations in cells from healthy individuals enable comparative studies that may identify other genetic or epigenetic events contributing to a specific disease phenotype. In this review, we present recent progresses in disease modeling of inherited and acquired BMFS using reprogramming and genome editing techniques. We also discuss the challenges and potential shortcomings of iPSC-based models for hematological diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Qi S, Fang Z, Wang D, Menendez P, Yao K, Ji J. Concise Review: Induced Pluripotency by Defined Factors: Prey of Oxidative Stress. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1371-6. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.1946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suxia Qi
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Fang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang University; Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Danli Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Pablo Menendez
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute and Cell Therapy Program of School of Medicine; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA); Barcelona Spain
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Institute of Zhejiang University; Eye Center of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; School of Medicine; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine; Hangzhou People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Therapeutical Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury and a Promising Autologous Astrocyte-Based Therapy Using Efficient Reprogramming Techniques. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2826-2842. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
29
|
O'Leary C, Gilbert JL, O'Dea S, O'Brien FJ, Cryan SA. Respiratory Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Opportunities for the Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:323-44. [PMID: 25587703 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently, lung disease and major airway trauma constitute a major global healthcare burden with limited treatment options. Airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis have been identified as the fifth highest cause of mortality worldwide and are estimated to rise to fourth place by 2030. Alternate approaches and therapeutic modalities are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes for chronic lung disease. This can be achieved through tissue engineering of the respiratory tract. Interest is growing in the use of airway tissue-engineered constructs as both a research tool, to further our understanding of airway pathology, validate new drugs, and pave the way for novel drug therapies, and also as regenerative medical devices or as an alternative to transplant tissue. This review provides a concise summary of the field of respiratory tissue engineering to date. An initial overview of airway anatomy and physiology is given, followed by a description of the stem cell populations and signaling processes involved in parenchymal healing and tissue repair. We then focus on the different biomaterials and tissue-engineered systems employed in upper and lower respiratory tract engineering and give a final perspective of the opportunities and challenges facing the field of respiratory tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cian O'Leary
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,2 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jennifer L Gilbert
- 4 Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, University of Ireland , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Shirley O'Dea
- 4 Department of Biology, Institute of Immunology, University of Ireland , Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Fergal J O'Brien
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,3 Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- 1 Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,2 School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin, Ireland .,5 Trinity Centre of Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Josué K Mfopou
- Cell Differentiation Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bouwens
- Cell Differentiation Unit, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Wang DA. Viral vector-mediated transgenic cell therapy in regenerative medicine: safety of the process. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:559-67. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.995086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
32
|
Wu C, Hong SG, Winkler T, Spencer DM, Jares A, Ichwan B, Nicolae A, Guo V, Larochelle A, Dunbar CE. Development of an inducible caspase-9 safety switch for pluripotent stem cell-based therapies. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2014; 1:14053. [PMID: 26052521 PMCID: PMC4448736 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapies offer a promising path for patient-specific regenerative medicine. However, tumor formation from residual undifferentiated iPSC or transformation of iPSC or their derivatives is a risk. Inclusion of a suicide gene is one approach to risk mitigation. We introduced a dimerizable-“inducible caspase-9” (iCasp9) suicide gene into mouse iPSC (miPSC) and rhesus iPSC (RhiPSC) via a lentivirus, driving expression from either a cytomegalovirus (CMV), elongation factor-1 α (EF1α) or pluripotency-specific EOS-C(3+) promoter. Exposure of the iPSC to the synthetic chemical dimerizer, AP1903, in vitro induced effective apoptosis in EF1α-iCasp9-expressing (EF1α)-iPSC, with less effective killing of EOS-C(3+)-iPSC and CMV-iPSC, proportional to transgene expression in these cells. AP1903 treatment of EF1α-iCasp9 miPSC in vitro delayed or prevented teratomas. AP1903 administration following subcutaneous or intravenous delivery of EF1α-iPSC resulted in delayed teratoma progression but did not ablate tumors. EF1α-iCasp9 expression was downregulated during in vitro and in vivo differentiation due to DNA methylation at CpG islands within the promoter, and methylation, and thus decreased expression, could be reversed by 5-azacytidine treatment. The level and stability of suicide gene expression will be important for the development of suicide gene strategies in iPSC regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfeng Wu
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - So Gun Hong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Winkler
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Alexander Jares
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Ichwan
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alina Nicolae
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vicky Guo
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia E Dunbar
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH) , Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:244-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8867-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
34
|
Schneider JS, Cheng X, Zhao Q, Underbayev C, Gonzalez JP, Raveche ES, Fraidenraich D, Ivessa AS. Reversible mitochondrial DNA accumulation in nuclei of pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2712-9. [PMID: 24964274 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the endosymbiotic hypothesis, the precursor of mitochondria invaded the precursor of eukaryotic cells, a process that began roughly 2 billion years ago. Since then, the majority of the genetic material translocated from the mitochondria to the nucleus, where now almost all mitochondrial proteins are expressed. Only a tiny amount of DNA remained in the mitochondria, known as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In this study, we report that the transfer of mtDNA fragments to the nucleus of pluripotent stem cells is still ongoing. We show by in situ hybridization and agarose DNA two-dimensional gel technique that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells contain high levels of mtDNA in the nucleus. We found that a large proportion of the accumulated mtDNA sequences appear to be extrachromosomal. Accumulation of mtDNA in the nucleus is present not only in the iPS cells, but also in embryonic stem (ES) cells. However upon differentiation, the level of mtDNA in the nuclei of iPS and ES cells is substantially reduced. This reversible accumulation of mtDNA in the nucleus supports the notion that the nuclear copy number of mtDNA sequences may provide a novel mechanism by which chromosomal DNA is dynamically regulated in pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Schneider
- 1 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences , Newark, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wagner DE, Bonvillain RW, Jensen T, Girard ED, Bunnell BA, Finck CM, Hoffman AM, Weiss DJ. Can stem cells be used to generate new lungs? Ex vivo lung bioengineering with decellularized whole lung scaffolds. Respirology 2014; 18:895-911. [PMID: 23614471 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
For patients with end-stage lung diseases, lung transplantation is the only available therapeutic option. However, the number of suitable donor lungs is insufficient and lung transplants are complicated by significant graft failure and complications of immunosuppressive regimens. An alternative to classic organ replacement is desperately needed. Engineering of bioartificial organs using either natural or synthetic scaffolds is an exciting new potential option for generation of functional pulmonary tissue for human clinical application. Natural organ scaffolds can be generated by decellularization of native tissues; these acellular scaffolds retain the native organ ultrastructure and can be seeded with autologous cells towards the goal of regenerating functional tissues. Several decellularization strategies have been employed for lungs; however, there is no consensus on the optimal approach. A variety of cell types have been investigated as potential candidates for effective recellularization of acellular lung scaffolds. Candidate cells that might be best utilized are those which can be easily and reproducibly isolated, expanded in vitro, seeded onto decellularized matrices, induced to differentiate into pulmonary lineage cells, and which survive to functional maturity. Whole lung cell suspensions, endogenous progenitor cells, embryonic and adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been investigated for their applicability to repopulate acellular lung matrices. Ideally, patient-derived autologous cells would be used for lung recellularization as they have the potential to reduce the need for post-transplant immunosuppression. Several studies have performed transplantation of rudimentary bioengineered lung scaffolds in animal models with limited, short-term functionality but much further study is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darcy E Wagner
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xie M, Cao N, Ding S. Small molecules for cell reprogramming and heart repair: progress and perspective. ACS Chem Biol 2014; 9:34-44. [PMID: 24372513 DOI: 10.1021/cb400865w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine for heart failure seeks to replace lost cardiomyocytes. Chemical approaches for producing ample supplies of cells, such as pluripotent stem cells and cardiomyocytes, hold promise as practical means to achieve safe, facile cell-based therapy for cardiac repair and regenerative medicine. In this review, we describe recent advances in the application of small molecules to improve the generation and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells. We also describe new directions in heart repair and regeneration in which chemical approaches may find their application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- The Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Nan Cao
- The Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| | - Sheng Ding
- The Gladstone Institutes, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, California 94158, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chen L, Mizutani A, Kasai T, Yan T, Jin G, Vaidyanath A, El-Aarag BYA, Liu Y, Kudoh T, Salomon DS, Fu L, Seno M. Mouse induced pluripotent stem cell microenvironment generates epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mouse Lewis lung cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:80-88. [PMID: 24482741 PMCID: PMC3902235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells may be a powerful tool in regenerative medicine, but their potential tumorigenicity is a significant challenge for the clinical use of iPS cells. Previously, we succeeded in converting miPS cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs) under the conditions of tumor microenvironment. Both stem cells and tumor cells are profoundly influenced by bi-directional communication with their respective microenvironment, which dictates cell fate determination and behavior. The microenvironment derived from iPS cells has not been well studied. In this paper, we have investigated the effects of secreted factors from Nanog-mouse iPS (miPS) cells on mouse Lewis lung cancer (LLC) cells that are found in the conditioned media. The results demonstrated that miPS cells secrete factors that can convert the epithelia phenotype of LLC cells to a mesenchymal phenotype, and that can promote tumorigenisity, migration and invasion. Furthermore, LLC cells that have been exposed to miPS conditioned medium became resistant to apoptosis. These various biological effects suggest that the miPS microenvironment contain factors that can promote an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through an active Snail-MMP axis or by suppressing differentiation in LLC cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology ObstetricsTianjin 300100, People’s Republic of China
- Japan Society for The Promotion of ScienceTokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Akifumi Mizutani
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tomonari Kasai
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Guoliang Jin
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Arun Vaidyanath
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Bishoy YA El-Aarag
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Specialty, Faculty of Science, Menofia UniversityEgypt
| | - Yixin Liu
- Japan Society for The Promotion of ScienceTokyo 102-8472, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kudoh
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - David S Salomon
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Bldg 560, Room 12-67, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthFrederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Research, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Harding J, Mirochnitchenko O. Preclinical studies for induced pluripotent stem cell-based therapeutics. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:4585-93. [PMID: 24362021 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r113.463737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and their differentiated derivatives can potentially be applied to cell-based therapy for human diseases. The properties of iPSCs are being studied intensively both to understand the basic biology of pluripotency and cellular differentiation and to solve problems associated with therapeutic applications. Examples of specific preclinical applications summarized briefly in this minireview include the use of iPSCs to treat diseases of the liver, nervous system, eye, and heart and metabolic conditions such as diabetes. Early stage studies illustrate the potential of iPSC-derived cells and have identified several challenges that must be addressed before moving to clinical trials. These include rigorous quality control and efficient production of required cell populations, improvement of cell survival and engraftment, and development of technologies to monitor transplanted cell behavior for extended periods of time. Problems related to immune rejection, genetic instability, and tumorigenicity must be solved. Testing the efficacy of iPSC-based therapies requires further improvement of animal models precisely recapitulating human disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Harding
- From the Division of Comparative Medicine, Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, Division of Program Coordination, Planning, and Strategic Initiatives, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ou W, Li P, Reiser J. Targeting of herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase gene sequences into the OCT4 locus of human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81131. [PMID: 24312266 PMCID: PMC3843684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) to generate specific types of cells is inefficient, and the remaining undifferentiated cells may form teratomas. This raises safety concerns for clinical applications of hiPSC-derived cellular products. To improve the safety of hiPSC, we attempted to site-specifically insert a herpes simplex virus 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) suicide gene at the endogenous OCT4 (POU5F1) locus of hiPSC. Since the endogenous OCT4 promoter is active in undifferentiated cells only, we speculated that the HSV1-TK suicide gene will be transcribed in undifferentiated cells only and that the remaining undifferentiated cells can be depleted by treating them with the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) prior to transplantation. To insert the HSV1-TK gene at the OCT4 locus, we cotransfected hiPSC with a pair of plasmids encoding an OCT4-specific zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) and a donor plasmid harboring a promoter-less transgene cassette consisting of HSV1-TK and puromycin resistance gene sequences, flanked by OCT4 gene sequences. Puromycin resistant clones were established and characterized regarding their sensitivity to GCV and the site of integration of the HSV1-TK/puromycin resistance gene cassette. Of the nine puromycin-resistant iPSC clones analyzed, three contained the HSV1-TK transgene at the OCT4 locus, but they were not sensitive to GCV. The other six clones were GCV-sensitive, but the TK gene was located at off-target sites. These TK-expressing hiPSC clones remained GCV sensitive for up to 90 days, indicating that TK transgene expression was stable. Possible reasons for our failed attempt to selectively target the OCT4 locus are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Ou
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pingjuan Li
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jakob Reiser
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Takizawa-Shirasawa S, Yoshie S, Yue F, Mogi A, Yokoyama T, Tomotsune D, Sasaki K. FGF7 and cell density are required for final differentiation of pancreatic amylase-positive cells from human ES cells. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 354:751-9. [PMID: 23996199 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1695-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The major molecular signals of pancreatic exocrine development are largely unknown. We examine the role of fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF7) in the final induction of pancreatic amylase-containing exocrine cells from induced-pancreatic progenitor cells derived from human embryonic stem (hES) cells. Our protocol consisted in three steps: Step I, differentiation of definitive endoderm (DE) by activin A treatment of hES cell colonies; Step II, differentiation of pancreatic progenitor cells by re-plating of the cells of Step I onto 24-well plates at high density and stimulation with all-trans retinoic acid; Step III, differentiation of pancreatic exocrine cells with a combination of FGF7, glucagon-like peptide 1 and nicotinamide. The expression levels of pancreatic endodermal markers such as Foxa2, Sox17 and gut tube endoderm marker HNF1β were up-regulated in both Step I and II. Moreover, in Step III, the induced cells expressed pancreatic markers such as amylase, carboxypeptidase A and chymotrypsinogen B, which were similar to those in normal human pancreas. From day 8 in Step III, cells immunohistochemically positive for amylase and for carboxypeptidase A, a pancreatic exocrine cell product, were induced by FGF7. Pancreatic progenitor Pdx1-positive cells were localized in proximity to the amylase-positive cells. In the absence of FGF7, few amylase-positive cells were identified. Thus, our three-step culture protocol for human ES cells effectively induces the differentiation of amylase- and carboxypeptidase-A-containing pancreatic exocrine cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Takizawa-Shirasawa
- Laboratory for Advanced Health Sciences, Bourbon Institutes of Health, BOURBON Corporation, 4-2-14 Matsunami, Kashiwazaki, Niigata, 945-8611, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|