1
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Chen Q, Tan Z, Tang Y, Fung YME, Chen S, Chen Z, Li X. Comprehensive Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses of Human Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Extracellular Domain. J Proteome Res 2024. [PMID: 39101792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Human programmed cell death protein 1 (hPD-1) is an essential receptor in the immune checkpoint pathway. It has played an important role in cancer therapy. However, not all patients respond positively to the PD-1 antibody treatment, and the underlying mechanism remains unknown. PD-1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, and its extracellular domain (ECD) is reported to be responsible for interactions and signal transduction. This domain contains 4 N-glycosylation sites and 25 potential O-glycosylation sites, which implicates the importance of glycosylation. The structure of hPD-1 has been intensively studied, but the glycosylation of this protein, especially the glycan on each glycosylation site, has not been comprehensively illustrated. In this study, hPD-1 ECD expressed by human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was analyzed; not only N- and O-glycosylation sites but also the glycans on these sites were comprehensively analyzed using mass spectrometry. In addition, hPD-1 ECD binding to different anti-hPD-1 antibodies was tested, and N-glycans were found functioned differently. All of this glycan information will be beneficial for future PD-1 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Chen
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR. China
| | - Yi Man Eva Fung
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Yuk Choi Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, Units 1503-1511, 15/F., Building 17W, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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2
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Pelizzaro F, Farinati F, Trevisani F. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Biomarkers Predicting Response and/or Resistance. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041020. [PMID: 37189643 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Following the positive results of the IMbrave150 trial, the combination of atezolizumab (an anti-PD-L1 antibody) and bevacizumab (an anti-VEGF antibody) became the standard of care frontline treatment for patients with advanced stage HCC. Several other trials evaluated immunotherapy in HCC, demonstrating that ICIs-based regimens are currently the most effective treatment strategies and expanding the therapeutic possibilities. Despite the unprecedent rates of objective tumor response, not all patients benefit from treatment with ICIs. Therefore, in order to select the appropriate therapy as well as to correctly allocate medical resources and avoid unnecessary treatment-related toxicities, there is great interest in identifying the predictive biomarkers of response or resistance to immunotherapy-based regimens. Immune classes of HCC, genomic signatures, anti-drug antibodies, and patient-related factors (e.g., etiology of liver disease, gut microbiota diversity) have been associated to the response to ICIs, but none of the proposed biomarkers have been translated into clinical practice so far. Considering the crucial importance of this topic, in this review we aim to summarize the available data on tumor and clinical features associated with the response or resistance of HCC to immunotherapies.
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3
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Tan Z, Chiu MS, Yang X, Yue M, Cheung TT, Zhou D, Wang Y, Chan AWH, Yan CW, Kwan KY, Wong YC, Li X, Zhou J, To KF, Zhu J, Lo CM, Cheng ASL, Chan SL, Liu L, Song YQ, Man K, Chen Z. Isoformic PD-1-mediated immunosuppression underlies resistance to PD-1 blockade in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Gut 2022:gutjnl-2022-327133. [PMID: 36450387 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved cancer treatment, yet why most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients are resistant to PD-1 ICB remains elusive. Here, we elucidated the role of a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) isoform, Δ42PD-1, in HCC progression and resistance to nivolumab ICB. DESIGN We investigated 74 HCC patients in three cohorts, including 41 untreated, 28 treated with nivolumab and 5 treated with pembrolizumab. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood samples and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes from tumour tissues were isolated for immunophenotyping. The functional significance of Δ42PD-1 was explored by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis and validated by functional and mechanistic studies. The immunotherapeutic efficacy of Δ42PD-1 monoclonal antibody was determined in HCC humanised mouse models. RESULTS We found distinct T cell subsets, which did not express PD-1 but expressed its isoform Δ42PD-1, accounting for up to 71% of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in untreated HCC patients. Δ42PD-1+ T cells were tumour-infiltrating and correlated positively with HCC severity. Moreover, they were more exhausted than PD-1+ T cells by single T cell and functional analysis. HCC patients treated with anti-PD-1 ICB showed effective PD-1 blockade but increased frequencies of Δ42PD-1+ T cells over time especially in patients with progressive disease. Tumour-infiltrated Δ42PD-1+ T cells likely sustained HCC through toll-like receptors-4-signalling for tumourigenesis. Anti-Δ42PD-1 antibody, but not nivolumab, inhibited tumour growth in three murine HCC models. CONCLUSION Our findings not only revealed a mechanism underlying resistance to PD-1 ICB but also identified anti-Δ42PD-1 antibody for HCC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China .,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Sum Chiu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxiang Yang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Yue
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan To Cheung
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Zhou
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuewen Wang
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Anthony Wing-Hung Chan
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Wing Yan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Yi Kwan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chung Mau Lo
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery, HKU-SZH & School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China .,Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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4
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Cheng L, Tang X, He Y, Ju B, Wang H. A Δ42PD1 fusion-expressing DNA vaccine elicits enhanced adaptive immune response to HIV-1: the key role of TLR4. Virol J 2022; 19:174. [PMID: 36320043 PMCID: PMC9628179 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-022-01909-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in the 1990s, the DNA vaccine has been of great interest because of its ability to elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses while showing relative advantages regarding producibility, stability and storage. However, when applied to human subjects, inadequate immunogenicity remains as the greatest challenge for the practical use of DNA vaccines. In this study, we generated a DNA vaccine Δ42PD1-P24 encoding a fusion protein comprised of the HIV-1 Gag p24 antigen and the extracellular domain of murine Δ42PD1, a novel endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist. Using a mouse model, we found that Δ42PD1-P24 DNA vaccine elicited a higher antibody response and an increased number of IFN-γ-producing CD4 and CD8 T cells. Moreover, mice with Δ42PD1-P24 DNA vaccination were protected from a subcutaneous challenge with murine mesothelioma cells expressing the HIV-1 p24 antigen. Importantly, the Δ42PD1-mediated enhancement of immune responses was not observed in TLR4 knockout mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the immunogenicity and efficacy of DNA vaccines could be improved by the fusion of the extracellular domain of Δ42PD1 to target the immunogen to dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xian Tang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518112, Guangdong Province, China.
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5
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Δ42PD1-TLR4 Augments γδ-T Cell Activation of the Transitional Memory Subset of CD4 + T Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101620. [PMID: 33089108 PMCID: PMC7567942 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR ligands can contribute to T cell immune responses by indirectly stimulating antigen presentation and cytokines and directly serving as co-stimulatory signals. We have previously reported that the human endogenous surface protein, Δ42PD1, is expressed primarily on (Vγ9)Vδ2 cells and can interact with TLR4. Since Vδ2 cells possess antigen presentation capacity, we sought to further characterize if the Δ42PD1-TLR4 interaction has a role in stimulating T cell responses. In this study, we found that stimulation of Vδ2 cells not only upregulated Δ42PD1 expression but also increased MHC class II molecules necessary for the antigen presentation. In a mixed leukocyte reaction assay, upregulation of Δ42PD1 on Vδ2 cells elevated subsequent T cell proliferation. Furthermore, the interaction between Δ42PD1-TLR4 augments Vδ2 cell stimulation of autologous CMV pp65-or TT-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and IFN-γ responses, which was specifically and significantly reduced by blocking the Δ42PD1-TLR4 interaction. Furthermore, confocal microscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between Δ42PD1+HLA-DR+Vδ2 cells and TLR4+CD4 T cells. Interestingly, the subset of CD4+ T cells expressing TLR4 appears to be PD-1+ CD45RO+CD45RA+ transitional memory T cells and responded to Δ42PD1+HLA-DR+Vδ2 cells. Overall, this study demonstrated an important biological role of Δ42PD1 protein exhibited by Vδ2 antigen-presenting cells in augmenting T cell activation through TLR4, which may serve as an additional co-stimulatory signal. Δ42PD1 is co-expressed with MHC-II on activated Vδ2 cells Δ42PD1+MHC-II+Vδ2 cells interact directly with TLR4+CD4+T cells in 3D imaging TLR4 is highly expressed on the PD-1+CD45RO+CD45RA+CD4+T cell subset Δ42PD1-TLR4 selectively activates this subset of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells
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6
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Li J, Comeau HY, Zhang Z, Ren X. Landscape of transcript isoforms in single T cells infiltrating in non-small-cell lung cancer. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:373-388. [PMID: 32998846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled high-resolution characterization of molecular signatures of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. However, analyses at the transcript isoform level are rarely reported. As alternative splicing is critical to T-cell differentiation and activation, here, we proposed a computational method named IDEA (Isoform Detection, Enrichment, and functional Annotation) to comprehensively detect and annotate differentially used isoforms across cell subtypes. We applied IDEA on a scRNA-seq data set of 12,346 T cells from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that most genes tend to dominantly express one isoform in single T cells, enabling typing T cells based on the isotypes, given a gene. Isotype analysis suggested that tumor-infiltrating T cells significantly preferred specific isotypes for 245 genes in CD8+ T cells and 456 genes in CD4+ T cells. Functional annotation suggests that the preferred isoforms involved in coding/noncoding switches, transcription start site changes, gains/losses of domains, and subcellular translocation. Clonal analysis revealed that isoform switching occurred during T-cell activation/differentiation. Our analysis provides precise characterization of the molecular events in tumor-infiltrating T cells and sheds new light on the regulatory mechanisms of tumor-infiltrating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesheng Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hannah Y Comeau
- BIOPIC, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; BIOPIC, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Xianwen Ren
- BIOPIC, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Li J, Jin C, Wu C, Huang J. PD-1 modulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific polarized effector memory T cells response in tuberculosis pleurisy. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:733-747. [PMID: 30861206 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1118-450rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis (TB) should be studied at the disease sites because Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is predominantly contained in local tissue lesions. T-cell immune responses are required to mount anti-mycobacterial immunity. However, T-cell immune responses modulated by programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) during tuberculosis pleurisy (TBP) remains poorly understood. We selected the pleural fluid mononuclear cells (PFMCs) from TBP and PBMCs from healthy donors (HD), and characterized PD-1-expresing T-cell phenotypes and functions. Here, we found that the PFMCs exhibited increases in numbers of PD-1-expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which preferentially displayed polarized effector memory phenotypes. The M.tb-specific Ag stimulation increased CD4+ PD-1+ and CD8+ PD-1+ T cells, which is in direct correlation with IFN-γ production and PD-L1+ APCs in PFMCs of these individuals. Moreover, blockage of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway enhanced the percentage of IFN-γ+ T cells, demonstrating that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway played a negative regulation in T cell effector functions. Furthermore, CD4+ PD-1+ and CD8+ PD-1+ T-cell subsets showed greater memory phenotype, activation, and effector functions for producing Th1 cytokines than PD-1- counterparts. Thus, these PD-1+ T cells were not exhausted but appear to be central to maintaining Ag-specific effector. IL-12, a key immunoregulatory cytokine, enhanced the expression of PD-1 and restored a strong IFN-γ response through selectively inducing the phosphorylation of STAT4 in CD4+ PD-1+ T-bet+ and CD8+ PD-1+ T-bet+ T cells. This study therefore uncovered a previously unknown mechanism for T-cell immune responses regulated by PD-1, and may have implications for potential immune intervention in TBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Cheng L, Tang X, Xu L, Zhang L, Shi H, Peng Q, Zhao F, Zhou Y, He Y, Wang H, Zhou B, Gao Z, Chen Z. Interferon-γ upregulates Δ42PD1 expression on human monocytes via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Immunobiology 2019; 224:388-396. [PMID: 30846331 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently identified a novel alternatively spliced isoform of human programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), named Δ42PD1, which contains a 42-base-pair in-frame deletion compared with the full-length PD-1. Δ42PD1 is likely constitutively expressed on human monocytes and down-regulated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The mechanism underlying the regulation of Δ42PD-1 expression in monocytes remains unknown. METHODS By flow cytometry, we investigated the effect of Interferon-gamma (INF-γ) on the expression of Δ42PD1 in primary human monocytes as well as monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937 cells. In addition, signaling pathway inhibitors and Δ42PD1-specific blocking antibody were used to explore the pathway involved in INF-γ-induced Δ42PD1 upregulation, and to elucidate the relationship between Δ42PD1 and TNF-α or IL-6 production by INF-γ primed monocytes in response to pre-fixed E. coli. Furthermore, we assessed T-cell proliferation, activation and cytokine production as enriched CD4+ T cells were co-cultured with THP-1 or U937 cells, with or without Δ42PD1-blocking antibody. RESULTS Treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with IFN-γ resulted in an approximately 4-fold increase in the expression of Δ42PD1 on monocytes. Similarly, IFN-γ upregulates Δ42PD1 expression on human monocytic cell lines THP-1 and U937, in a time- and dose-dependent manner. IFN-γ-induced Δ42PD1 upregulation was abolished by JAK inhibitors Ruxolitinib and Tasocitinib, PI3K inhibitor LY294002, and AKT inhibitor MK-2206, respectively, but not by STAT1 inhibitor and MAPK signaling pathway inhibitors. JAK, PI3K-AKT, and MAPK signaling inhibitors abolished effectively the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in INF-γ-primed monocytes in response to pre-fixed E. coli. In contrast, Δ42PD1-specific blocking antibody did not affect the IFN-γ-induced priming effect. Furthermore, the MFI ratio of Δ42PD1 to full-length PD-1 (PD-1 Δ/F ratio) was significantly and positively correlated with TNF-α (P = 0.0289, r = 0.6038) produced by circulating CD14+ monocytes in response to pre-fixed E. coli. Notably, Δ42PD1 blockage significantly inhibited CD4+ T-cells proliferation and cytokine production in the co-culture conditions. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that IFN-γ increases Δ42PD1 expression on human monocytes via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway downstream of JAKs, and that the PD-1 Δ/F ratio is a potential biomarker to predict the functional state of monocytes. Notably, we revealed the Δ42PD1 play a role in T-cell regulation, providing a novel potential approach to manipulate adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian Tang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liumei Xu
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lukun Zhang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huichun Shi
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoli Peng
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun He
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Boping Zhou
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; AIDS Institute, Research Center for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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9
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Tang J, Cai Y, Liang J, Tan Z, Tang X, Zhang C, Cheng L, Zhou J, Wang H, Yam WC, Chen X, Wang H, Chen Z. In vivo electroporation of a codon-optimized BER opt DNA vaccine protects mice from pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis aerosol challenge. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 113:65-75. [PMID: 30514515 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have been extensively studied as preventative and therapeutic interventions for various infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and influenza. Despite promising progresses made, improving the immunogenicity of DNA vaccine remains a technical challenge for clinical development. In this study, we investigated a tuberculosis DNA vaccine BERopt, which contained a codon-optimized fusion immunogen Ag85B-ESAT-6-Rv2660c for enhanced mammalian cell expression and immunogenicity. BERopt immunization through in vivo electroporation in BALB/c mice induced surprisingly high frequencies of Ag85B tetramer+ CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood and IFN-γ-secreting CD8+ T cells in splenocytes. Meanwhile, the BERopt vaccine-induced long-lasting T cell immunity protected BALB/c mice from high dose viral challenge using a modified vaccinia virus Tiantan strain expressing mature Ag85B protein (MVTT-m85B) and the virulent M. tb H37Rv aerosol challenge. Since the BERopt DNA vaccine does not induce anti-vector immunity, the strong immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this novel DNA vaccine warrant its future development for M. tb prevention and immunotherapy to alleviate the global TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yi Cai
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jianguo Liang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xian Tang
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Lin Cheng
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Wing-Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hui Wang
- HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; HKU AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and Guangdong Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China.
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10
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Liu C, Lu Z, Xie Y, Guo Q, Geng F, Sun B, Wu H, Yu B, Wu J, Zhang H, Yu X, Kong W. Soluble PD-1-based vaccine targeting MUC1 VNTR and survivin improves anti-tumor effect. Immunol Lett 2018; 200:33-42. [PMID: 29894719 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Soluble PD-1 (sPD1) can bind with ligands PD-L1/PD-L2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, a sPD1 vaccine fused with an immunogen can increase T cell activation against cancer. Here, we constructed a MUC1 and survivin (MS) combination gene tumor vaccine expressing MS fused with soluble PD-1 (sPD1/MS). To investigate whether the sPD1/MS fusion vaccine could enhance tumor-specific immune responses, its immunogenicity and anti-tumor activity were examined after intramuscular immunization in mice. Compared with the MS DNA vaccine, the specific cytolysis rate of the sPD1/MS fusion DNA vaccine was increased from 21.64% to 34.77%. Moreover, the sPD1/MS vaccine increased the tumor suppression rate from 17.18% to 30.96% and prolonged survival from 6.96% to 19.44% in a murine colorectal cancer model. Combining the sPD1/MS vaccine with oxaliplatin improved the tumor suppression rate to 74.71% in the murine colorectal cancer model. The sPD1/MS vaccine could also exert a good anti-tumor effect, increasing the tumor infiltrated CD8+ T cells by 6.5-fold (from 0.10% to 0.65%) in the murine lung cancer model. In conclusion, the sPD1/MS vaccine showed good immunogenicity and anti-tumor effect by activating lymphocytes effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhenzhen Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Yu Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Fei Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bo Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Hui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China.
| | - Xianghui Yu
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China; Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, College of Life Science, Jilin University, No. 2699, Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012 China
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11
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Schildberg FA, Klein SR, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH. Coinhibitory Pathways in the B7-CD28 Ligand-Receptor Family. Immunity 2017; 44:955-72. [PMID: 27192563 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses need to be controlled for optimal protective immunity and tolerance. Coinhibitory pathways in the B7-CD28 family provide critical inhibitory signals that regulate immune homeostasis and defense and protect tissue integrity. These coinhibitory signals limit the strength and duration of immune responses, thereby curbing immune-mediated tissue damage, regulating resolution of inflammation, and maintaining tolerance to prevent autoimmunity. Tumors and microbes that cause chronic infections can exploit these coinhibitory pathways to establish an immunosuppressive microenvironment, hindering their eradication. Advances in understanding T cell coinhibitory pathways have stimulated a new era of immunotherapy with effective drugs to treat cancer, autoimmune and infectious diseases, and transplant rejection. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the coinhibitory functions of pathways in the B7-CD28 family, the diverse functional consequences of these inhibitory signals on immune responses, and the overlapping and unique functions of these key immunoregulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank A Schildberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah R Klein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, and Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Gut-homing Δ42PD1+Vδ2 T cells promote innate mucosal damage via TLR4 during acute HIV type 1 infection. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:1389-1402. [DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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13
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Yu Z, Tan Z, Lee BK, Tang J, Wu X, Cheung KW, Lo NTL, Man K, Liu L, Chen Z. Antigen spreading-induced CD8+T cells confer protection against the lethal challenge of wild-type malignant mesothelioma by eliminating myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:32426-38. [PMID: 26431275 PMCID: PMC4741703 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A key focus in cancer immunotherapy is to investigate the mechanism of efficacious vaccine responses. Using HIV-1 GAG-p24 in a model PD1-based DNA vaccine, we recently reported that vaccine-elicited CD8+ T cells conferred complete prevention and therapeutic cure of AB1-GAG malignant mesothelioma in immunocompetent BALB/c mice. Here, we further investigated the efficacy and correlation of protection on the model vaccine-mediated antigen spreading against wild-type AB1 (WT-AB1) mesothelioma. We found that this vaccine was able to protect mice completely from three consecutive lethal challenges of AB1-GAG mesothelioma. Through antigen spreading these animals also developed tumor-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, but neither CD4+ T cells nor antibodies, rejecting WT-AB1 mesothelioma. A majority of these protected mice (90%) were also completely protected against the lethal WT-AB1 challenge. Adoptive cell transfer experiments further demonstrated that antigen spreading-induced CD8+ T cells conferred efficacious therapeutic effects against established WT-AB1 mesothelioma and prevented the increase of exhausted PD-1+ and Tim-3+ CD8+ T cells. A significant inverse correlation was found between the frequency of functional PD1−Tim3− CD8+ T cells and that of MDSCs or tumor mass in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that WT-AB1 mesothelioma induced predominantly polymorphonuclear (PMN) MDSCs in vivo. In co-cultures with efficacious CD8+ T cells, a significant number of PMN-MDSCs underwent apoptosis in a dose-dependent way. Our findings indicate that efficacious CD8+ T cells capable of eliminating both tumor cells and MDSCs are likely necessary for fighting wild-type malignant mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedics Oncology Institute of Chinese PLA, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwu Tan
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Boon Kiat Lee
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Xilin Wu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ka-Wai Cheung
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Nathan Tin Lok Lo
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Kwan Man
- Department of Surgery and Centre for Cancer Research, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Li Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,Research Center for Infection and Immunity, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
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14
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Depincé-Berger AE, Vergnon-Miszczycha D, Girard A, Frésard A, Botelho-Nevers E, Lambert C, Del Tedesco E, Genin C, Pozzetto B, Lucht F, Roblin X, Bourlet T, Paul S. Major influence of CD4 count at the initiation of cART on viral and immunological reservoir constitution in HIV-1 infected patients. Retrovirology 2016; 13:44. [PMID: 27363286 PMCID: PMC4929778 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-016-0278-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A persistent immune activation is observed in gut during HIV-1 infection, which is not completely reversed by a combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The impact of the time of cART initiation may highly influence the size of the viral reservoir and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in the gut. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of HIV rectal reservoir of long-term treated patients, regarding their blood CD4+ T cells count at the time of cART initiation. Results Twenty-four consenting men were enrolled: 9 exhibiting a CD4+ T cells count >350/mm3 (“high-level CD4 group”) and 15 < 350/mm3 (“low-level CD4 group”) in blood, at the start of cART. An immunophenotypical analysis of T and B cells subpopulations was performed in blood and rectal biopsies. HIV cell-associated DNA loads and qualitative intra-cellular RNA were determined in both compartments. The ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells was significantly decreased in the blood but not in the rectum of the “low-level CD4 group” of patients. The alteration in β7+ CD4+ T cells homing was higher in this group and was correlated to a low ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in blood. An initiation of cART in men exhibiting a low-level CD4 count was also associated with an alteration of B cells maturation. HIV blood and gut DNA reservoirs were significantly lower in the “high-level CD4 group” of men. A high HIV DNA level was associated to a detectable intracellular HIV RNA in rectum. Conclusions An early initiation of cART could significantly preserve gut immunity and limit the viral reservoir constitution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-016-0278-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emmanuelle Depincé-Berger
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Delphine Vergnon-Miszczycha
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Alexandre Girard
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France
| | - Anne Frésard
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Claude Lambert
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Emilie Del Tedesco
- Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Christian Genin
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Service des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Frédéric Lucht
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Thomas Bourlet
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France. .,Service des Agents Infectieux et d'Hygiène, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes - GIMAP EA 3064, CIC 1408, Faculté de Médecine J. Lisfranc, Université de Saint-Etienne, Université de Lyon, 42023, Saint-Étienne Cedex 02, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, Saint-Étienne, France
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15
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Cheng L, Tang X, Liu L, Peng J, Nishiura K, Cheung AKL, Guo J, Wu X, Tang HY, An M, Zhou J, Cheung KW, Wang H, Guan X, Wu Z, Chen Z. Monoclonal antibodies specific to human Δ42PD1: A novel immunoregulator potentially involved in HIV-1 and tumor pathogenesis. MAbs 2016; 7:620-9. [PMID: 25692916 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1016695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently reported the identification of Δ42PD1, a novel alternatively spliced isoform of human PD1 that induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell immunity in mice when engineered in a fusion DNA vaccine. The detailed functional study of Δ42PD1, however, has been hampered due to the lack of a specific monoclonal antibody (mAb). In this study, we generated 2 high-affinity mAbs, clones CH34 (IgG2b) and CH101 (IgG1), from Δ42PD1-immunized mice. They recognize distinct domains of Δ42PD1 as determined by a yeast surface-displaying assay and ELISA. Moreover, they recognize native Δ42PD1 specifically, but not PD1, on cell surfaces by both flow cytometry and immunohistochemical assays. Δ42PD1 appeared to be expressed constitutively on healthy human CD14(+) monocytes, but its level of expression was down-regulated significantly during chronic HIV-1 infection. Since the level of Δ42PD1 expression on CD14(+) monocytes was negatively correlated with the CD4 count of untreated patients in a cross-sectional study, Δ42PD1 may play a role in HIV-1 pathogenesis. Lastly, when examining Δ42PD1 expression in human esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma tissues, we found high-level expression of Δ42PD1 on a subset of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Our study, therefore, resulted in 2 Δ42PD1-specific mAbs that can be used to further investigate Δ42PD1, a novel immune regulatory protein implicated in HIV-1 and tumor pathogenesis as well as other immune diseases.
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Key Words
- ART, antiretroviral therapy
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ESCC
- ESCC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FSC, forward scatter
- HIV-1
- HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- OD450nm, optical density at 450nm
- PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells
- PD1
- PD1, programmed cell death 1
- RT, room temperature
- SSC, side scatter
- h, hour(s)
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- min, minute(s)
- monoclonal antibody
- rpm, revolutions per minute
- sPD1, soluble PD1
- sec, second(s)
- sΔ42PD1, soluble Δ42PD1
- tumor
- Δ42PD1
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cheng
- a Center for Public Health Research; Medical School and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine; Nanjing University ; Nanjing , P.R. China
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16
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Tang J, Yam WC, Chen Z. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and vaccine development. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 98:30-41. [PMID: 27156616 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Following HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the second most deadly infectious disease in humans. The global TB prevalence has become worse in recent years due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively-drug resistant (XDR) strains, as well as co-infection with HIV. Although Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has nearly been used for a century in many countries, it does not protect adult pulmonary tuberculosis and even causes disseminated BCG disease in HIV-positive population. It is impossible to use BCG to eliminate the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) infection or to prevent TB onset and reactivation. Consequently, novel vaccines are urgently needed for TB prevention and immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the TB prevalence, interaction between M. tb and host immune system, as well as recent progress of TB vaccine research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Wing-Cheong Yam
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunity, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory and AIDS Clinical Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical College, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem and novel vaccination regimens are urgently needed. AREAS COVERED DNA vaccines against TB have been tested in various preclinical models and strategies have been developed to increase their immunogenicity in large animal species. DNA vaccines are able to induce a wide variety of immune responses, including CD8(+) T-cell-mediated cytolytic and IFN-γ responses. DNA vaccination may be valuable in heterologous prime-boost strategies with the currently used bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. This approach could broaden the antigenic repertoire of BCG and enhance its weak induction of MHC class I-restricted immune responses. EXPERT OPINION DNA vaccines offer a number of advantages over certain other types of vaccines, such as the induction of robust MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), their generic manufacturing platform and their relatively low manufacturing costs. Because of their strong potential for inducing memory responses, DNA vaccines are particularly suited for priming immune responses. Furthermore, DNA vaccine technology may help antigen discovery by facilitating screening of candidate vaccines. Co-administration of BCG with plasmid DNA coding for immunodominant, subdominant and phase-specific antigens, poorly expressed by BCG, may lead to the development of improved TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bruffaerts
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, O.D. CID-Immunology , Engelandstraat 642, Brussels, B1180 , Belgium
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18
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Xiao L, Wang D, Sun C, Li P, Jin Y, Feng L, Chen L. Enhancement of SIV-specific cell mediated immune responses by co-administration of soluble PD-1 and Tim-3 as molecular adjuvants in mice. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 10:724-33. [PMID: 24326266 DOI: 10.4161/hv.27340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective T cell based HIV vaccine would need to elicit cell mediated immune responses with superior magnitude, breadth, and quality. Since blocking the interactions between inhibitory receptors with their associated ligands using soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and soluble Tim-3 (sTim-3) have been shown to reverse T cell exhaustion and enhance cell mediated immune responses, we tested if co-administration of sPD-1 and sTim-3 with an adenovirus vectored SIV vaccine (rAd5-SIV) can enhance cell mediated immune responses. The frequency of SIV antigen specific IFN-γ spot-forming cells and the secretion of IFN-γ and TNF-α by splenocytes from rAd5-SIV immunized mice was significantly increased when stimulated ex vivo with SIV peptides in the presence of sPD-1 or sTim-3 or both sPD-1 and sTim-3. The magnitude of cell mediated immune responses elicited by rAd5-SIV was enhanced by co-administration of sPD-1 and sTim-3. Co-administration of both sPD-1 and sTim-3 induced higher frequency of SIV antigen specific IFN-γ(+) spot-forming cells to poorly immunogenic Vif and Tat. The percentage of cell mediated responses for each SIV antigen became more balanced, with reduction to Gag but induction to non-structural proteins. Furthermore, co-injection of rAd5-sPD1 and rAd5-sTim3 with rAd5-SIV in mice enhanced T cell proliferation capability and generated more antigen specific IFN-γ(+) CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Our study provided a new approach to enhance vaccine induced cell mediated immune responses, which may be applicable to improve the efficacy of vaccines against SIV/HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health (GIBH); Chinese Academy of Sciences; Guangzhou, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing, PR China
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