1
|
Romao CP, Juraschek DM. Phonon-Induced Geometric Chirality. ACS NANO 2024; 18:29550-29557. [PMID: 39423178 PMCID: PMC11526423 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Chiral properties have seen increasing use in recent years, leading to the emerging fields of chiral quantum optics, plasmonics, and phononics. While these fields have achieved manipulation of the chirality of light and lattice vibrations, controlling the chirality of materials on demand has yet remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that linearly polarized phonons can be used to induce geometric chirality in achiral crystals when excited with an ultrashort laser pulse. We show that nonlinear phonon coupling quasistatically displaces the crystal structure along phonon modes that reduce the symmetry of the lattice to that of a chiral point group corresponding to a chiral crystal. By reorienting the polarization of the laser pulse, the two enantiomers can be induced selectively. Therefore, geometric chiral phonons enable the light-induced creation of chiral crystal structures and therefore the engineering of chiral electronic states and optical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl P. Romao
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu J, Prasad AK, Balatsky A, Weissenrieder J. Spatiotemporal determination of photoinduced strain in a Weyl semimetal. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:054301. [PMID: 39386199 PMCID: PMC11462575 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The application of dynamic strain holds the potential to manipulate topological invariants in topological quantum materials. This study investigates dynamic structural deformation and strain modulation in the Weyl semimetal WTe2, focusing on the microscopic regions with static strain defects. The interplay of static strain fields, at local line defects, with dynamic strain induced from photo-excited coherent acoustic phonons results in the formation of local standing waves at the defect sites. The dynamic structural distortion is precisely determined utilizing ultrafast electron microscopy with nanometer spatial and gigahertz temporal resolutions. Numerical simulations are employed to interpret the experimental results and explain the mechanism for how the local strain fields are transiently modulated through light-matter interaction. This research provides the experimental foundation for investigating predicted phenomena such as the mixed axial-torsional anomaly, acoustogalvanic effect, and axial magnetoelectric effects in Weyl semimetals, and paves the road to manipulate quantum invariants through transient strain fields in quantum materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Wu
- Light and Matter Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amit Kumar Prasad
- Light and Matter Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Weissenrieder
- Light and Matter Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu J, Lin Y, Shu M, Liu Y, Ma Y, Lin G, Zhang C, Jiao P, Zhu F, Wu Y, Ewings RA, Walker HC, Deng G, Chi S, Jiang S, Baggioli M, Jin M, Wang H, Xie W, Wei TR, Yang J, Shi X, Ma J. Uncovering the phonon spectra and lattice dynamics of plastically deformable InSe van der Waals crystals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6248. [PMID: 39048583 PMCID: PMC11269642 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Stacking two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials in a layered bulk structure provides an appealing platform for the emergence of exotic physical properties. As a vdW crystal with exceptional plasticity, InSe offers the opportunity to explore various effects arising from the coupling of its peculiar mechanical behaviors and other physical properties. Here, we employ neutron scattering techniques to investigate the correlations of plastic interlayer slip, lattice anharmonicity, and thermal transport in InSe crystals. Not only are the interlayer slip direction and magnitude well captured by shifts in the Bragg reflections, but we also observe a deviation from the expected Debye behaviour in the heat capacity and lattice thermal conductivity. Combining the experimental data with first-principles calculations, we tentatively attribute the observed evidence of strong phonon-phonon interactions to a combination of a large acoustic-optical frequency resonance and a nesting effect. These findings correlate the macroscopic plastic slip and the microscopic lattice dynamics, providing insights into the mechano-thermo coupling and modulation in 2D vdW materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yifei Lin
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingfang Shu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yupeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Gaoting Lin
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Pengfei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fengfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200050, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Russell A Ewings
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen C Walker
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Guochu Deng
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Songxue Chi
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Matteo Baggioli
- Wilczek Quantum Center and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Min Jin
- College of Materials, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Haozhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Tian-Ran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Jiong Yang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, 200444, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, 210093, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kurtz F, Dauwe TN, Yalunin SV, Storeck G, Horstmann JG, Böckmann H, Ropers C. Non-thermal phonon dynamics and a quenched exciton condensate probed by surface-sensitive electron diffraction. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:890-897. [PMID: 38688990 PMCID: PMC11230895 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Interactions among and between electrons and phonons steer the energy flow in photo-excited materials and govern the emergence of correlated phases. The strength of electron-phonon interactions, decay channels of strongly coupled modes and the evolution of three-dimensional order are revealed by electron or X-ray pulses tracking non-equilibrium structural dynamics. Despite such capabilities, the growing relevance of inherently anisotropic two-dimensional materials and functional heterostructures still calls for techniques with monolayer sensitivity and, specifically, access to out-of-plane phonon polarizations. Here, we resolve non-equilibrium phonon dynamics and quantify the excitonic contribution to the structural order parameter in 1T-TiSe2. To this end, we introduce ultrafast low-energy electron diffuse scattering and trace strongly momentum- and fluence-dependent phonon populations. Mediated by phonon-phonon scattering, a few-picosecond build-up near the zone boundary precedes a far slower generation of zone-centre acoustic modes. These weakly coupled phonons are shown to substantially delay overall equilibration in layered materials. Moreover, we record the surface structural response to a quench of the material's widely investigated exciton condensate, identifying an approximate 30:70 ratio of excitonic versus Peierls contributions to the total lattice distortion in the charge density wave phase. The surface-sensitive approach complements the ultrafast structural toolbox and may further elucidate the impact of phonon scattering in numerous other phenomena within two-dimensional materials, such as the formation of interlayer excitons in twisted bilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Kurtz
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tim N Dauwe
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey V Yalunin
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gero Storeck
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Gerrit Horstmann
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Böckmann
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Ropers
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hwang J, Ihm Y, Nam D, Shin J, Park E, Lee SY, Lee H, Heo SP, Kim S, Ahn JY, Shim JH, Kim M, Eom I, Noh DY, Song C. Inverted nucleation for photoinduced nonequilibrium melting. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl6409. [PMID: 38701215 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl6409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast photoinduced melting provides an essential platform for studying nonequilibrium phase transitions by linking the kinetics of electron dynamics to ionic motions. Knowledge of dynamic balance in their energetics is essential to understanding how the ionic reaction is influenced by femtosecond photoexcited electrons with notable time lag depending on reaction mechanisms. Here, by directly imaging fluctuating density distributions and evaluating the ionic pressure and Gibbs free energy from two-temperature molecular dynamics that verified experimental results, we uncovered that transient ionic pressure, triggered by photoexcited electrons, controls the overall melting kinetics. In particular, ultrafast nonequilibrium melting can be described by the reverse nucleation process with voids as nucleation seeds. The strongly driven solid-to-liquid transition of metallic gold is successfully explained by void nucleation facilitated by photoexcited electron-initiated ionic pressure, establishing a solid knowledge base for understanding ultrafast nonequilibrium kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junha Hwang
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Yungok Ihm
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Daewoong Nam
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Jaeyong Shin
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Eunyoung Park
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sung Yun Lee
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Heemin Lee
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Phil Heo
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Sangsoo Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Je Young Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Shim
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Do Young Noh
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea
- Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Changyong Song
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Center for Ultrafast Science on Quantum Matter, Max Planck POSTECH Korea Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, Korea
- Photon Science Center, POSTECH, Pohang 37673, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fechner M, Först M, Orenstein G, Krapivin V, Disa AS, Buzzi M, von Hoegen A, de la Pena G, Nguyen QL, Mankowsky R, Sander M, Lemke H, Deng Y, Trigo M, Cavalleri A. Quenched lattice fluctuations in optically driven SrTiO 3. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:363-368. [PMID: 38302742 PMCID: PMC10917662 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01791-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Crystal lattice fluctuations, which are known to influence phase transitions of quantum materials in equilibrium, are also expected to determine the dynamics of light-induced phase changes. However, they have only rarely been explored in these dynamical settings. Here we study the time evolution of lattice fluctuations in the quantum paraelectric SrTiO3, in which mid-infrared drives have been shown to induce a metastable ferroelectric state. Crucial in these physics is the competition between polar instabilities and antiferrodistortive rotations, which in equilibrium frustrate the formation of long-range ferroelectricity. We make use of high-intensity mid-infrared optical pulses to resonantly drive the Ti-O-stretching mode at 17 THz, and we measure the resulting change in lattice fluctuations using time-resolved X-ray diffuse scattering at a free-electron laser. After a prompt increase, we observe a long-lived quench in R-point antiferrodistortive lattice fluctuations. Their enhancement and reduction are theoretically explained by considering the fourth-order nonlinear phononic interactions to the driven optical phonon and third-order coupling to lattice strain, respectively. These observations provide a number of testable hypotheses for the physics of light-induced ferroelectricity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fechner
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - M Först
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - G Orenstein
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - V Krapivin
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A S Disa
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A von Hoegen
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G de la Pena
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Q L Nguyen
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - R Mankowsky
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Sander
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - H Lemke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Y Deng
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - M Trigo
- Stanford Pulse Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Horn-von Hoegen M. Structural dynamics at surfaces by ultrafast reflection high-energy electron diffraction. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:021301. [PMID: 38495951 PMCID: PMC10942804 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Many fundamental processes of structural changes at surfaces occur on a pico- or femtosecond timescale. In order to study such ultrafast processes, we have combined modern surface science techniques with fs-laser pulses in a pump-probe scheme. Grazing incidence of the electrons ensures surface sensitivity in ultrafast reflection high-energy electron diffraction (URHEED). Utilizing the Debye-Waller effect, we studied the nanoscale heat transport from an ultrathin film through a hetero-interface or the damping of vibrational excitations in monolayer adsorbate systems on the lower ps-timescale. By means of spot profile analysis, the different cooling rates of epitaxial Ge nanostructures of different size and strain state were determined. The excitation and relaxation dynamics of a driven phase transition far away from thermal equilibrium is demonstrated using the In-induced (8 × 2) reconstruction on Si(111). This Peierls-distorted surface charge density wave system exhibits a discontinuous phase transition of first order at 130 K from a (8 × 2) insulating ground state to (4 × 1) metallic excited state. Upon excitation by a fs-laser pulse, this structural phase transition is non-thermally driven in only 700 fs into the excited state. A small barrier of 40 meV hinders the immediate recovery of the ground state, and the system is found in a metastable supercooled state for up to few nanoseconds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Horn-von Hoegen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Descamps A, Ofori-Okai BK, Bistoni O, Chen Z, Cunningham E, Fletcher LB, Hartley NJ, Hastings JB, Khaghani D, Mo M, Nagler B, Recoules V, Redmer R, Schörner M, Senesky DG, Sun P, Tsai HE, White TG, Glenzer SH, McBride EE. Evidence for phonon hardening in laser-excited gold using x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free electron laser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh5272. [PMID: 38335288 PMCID: PMC10857355 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Studies of laser-heated materials on femtosecond timescales have shown that the interatomic potential can be perturbed at sufficiently high laser intensities. For gold, it has been postulated to undergo a strong stiffening leading to an increase of the phonon energies, known as phonon hardening. Despite efforts to investigate this behavior, only measurements at low absorbed energy density have been performed, for which the interpretation of the experimental data remains ambiguous. By using in situ single-shot x-ray diffraction at a hard x-ray free-electron laser, the evolution of diffraction line intensities of laser-excited Au to a higher energy density provides evidence for phonon hardening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Descamps
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Benjamin K. Ofori-Okai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Oliviero Bistoni
- CEA/DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Zhijiang Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Eric Cunningham
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Luke B. Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Hartley
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Jerome B. Hastings
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dimitri Khaghani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mianzhen Mo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Vanina Recoules
- CEA/DAM DIF, F-91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière en Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - Ronald Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schörner
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Debbie G. Senesky
- Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peihao Sun
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hai-En Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - Siegfried H. Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Emma E. McBride
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, University Road, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lu W, Nicoul M, Shymanovich U, Tarasevitch A, Horn-von Hoegen M, von der Linde D, Sokolowski-Tinten K. A modular table-top setup for ultrafast x-ray diffraction. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:013002. [PMID: 38190494 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
We present a table-top setup for femtosecond time-resolved x-ray diffraction based on a Cu Kα (8.05 keV) laser driven plasma x-ray source. Due to its modular design, it provides high accessibility to its individual components (e.g., x-ray optics and sample environment). The Kα-yield of the source is optimized using a pre-pulse scheme. A magnifying multilayer x-ray mirror with Montel-Helios geometry is used to collect the emitted radiation, resulting in a quasi-collimated flux of more than 105 Cu Kα photons/pulse impinging on the sample under investigation at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. A gas ionization chamber detector is placed right after the x-ray mirror and used for the normalization of the diffraction signals, enabling the measurement of relative signal changes of less than 1% even at the given low repetition rate. Time-resolved diffraction experiments on laser-excited epitaxial Bi films serve as an example to demonstrate the capabilities of the setup. The setup can also be used for Debye-Scherrer type measurements on poly-crystalline samples.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wu CH, Chou C, Lin HH. Strain and atomic stacking of bismuth thin film in its quasi-van der Waals epitaxy on (111) Si substrate. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19769. [PMID: 37957212 PMCID: PMC10643447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the structural properties of Bi thin films grown on (111) Si substrates with a thickness of 22-30 BL. HRXRD and EBSD measurements show that these Bi films are mainly composed of twinning grains in the (0003) direction. The grain size can be as large as tens of microns. From a double-peak (01[Formula: see text]4) φ-scan, we found two pairs of twinning phases coexisting with a rotation angle of ~ 3.6°. We proposed a coincidence site lattice model based on preferential close-packed sites for Bi atoms on Si (111) surface to explain the coexistence of the rotation phases in the quasi-van der Waals epitaxy. From the measured lattice constants c and a of our samples, along with the data from the literature, we derived a c-a relation: (c-c0) = - 2.038(a-a0), where c0 and a0 are the values of bulk Bi. The normalized position of the second basis atom in the unit cell x, in these strained Bi films is found very close to that of bulk Bi, indicating that the strain does not disturb the Peierls distortion of the lattice. The fixed ratio of bilayer thickness to lattice constant c, reveals that the elastic properties of covalent-bonded bilayer dominate those of Bi crystal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chieh Chou
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hao-Hsiung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan, ROC.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dorchies F, Ta Phuoc K, Lecherbourg L. Nonequilibrium warm dense matter investigated with laser-plasma-based XANES down to the femtosecond. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:054301. [PMID: 37720412 PMCID: PMC10505070 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of laser-plasma-based x-ray sources is discussed, with a view to carrying out time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements, down to the femtosecond timescale. A review of recent experiments performed by our team is presented. They concern the study of the nonequilibrium transition of metals from solid to the warm dense regime, which imposes specific constraints (the sample being destroyed after each shot). Particular attention is paid to the description of experimental devices and methodologies. Two main types of x-ray sources are compared, respectively, based on the emission of a hot plasma, and on the betatron radiation from relativistic electrons accelerated by laser.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Dorchies
- Université, Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - K. Ta Phuoc
- LOA, ENSTA, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, UMR 7639, F-91761 Palaiseau, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu W, Liu H, Wang Z, Li S, Wang L, Luo J. Inverse Design of Light Manipulating Structural Phase Transition in Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6647-6657. [PMID: 37462525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective focuses on recent advances in understanding ultrafast processes involved in photoinduced structural phase transitions and proposes a strategy for precise manipulation of such transitions. It has been demonstrated that photoexcited carriers occupying empty antibonding or bonding states generate atomic driving forces that lead to either stretching or shortening of associated bonds, which in turn induce collective and coherent motions of atoms and yield structural transitions. For instance, phase transitions in IrTe2 and VO2, and nonthermal melting in Si, can be explained by the occupation of specific local bonding or antibonding states during laser excitation. These cases reveal the electronic-orbital-selective nature of laser-induced structural transitions. Based on this understanding, we propose an inverse design protocol for achieving or preventing a target structural transition by controlling the related electron occupations with orbital-selective photoexcitation. Overall, this Perspective provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dynamical structural control in solid materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shushen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang W, Li J, Liang Z, Wu L, Lozano PM, Komarek AC, Shen X, Reid AH, Wang X, Li Q, Yin W, Sun K, Robinson IK, Zhu Y, Dean MP, Tao J. Verwey transition as evolution from electronic nematicity to trimerons via electron-phonon coupling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf8220. [PMID: 37294769 PMCID: PMC10256157 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf8220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the driving mechanisms behind metal-insulator transitions (MITs) is a critical step toward controlling material's properties. Since the proposal of charge order-induced MIT in magnetite Fe3O4 in 1939 by Verwey, the nature of the charge order and its role in the transition have remained elusive. Recently, a trimeron order was found in the low-temperature structure of Fe3O4; however, the expected transition entropy change in forming trimeron is greater than the observed value, which arises a reexamination of the ground state in the high-temperature phase. Here, we use electron diffraction to unveil that a nematic charge order on particular Fe sites emerges in the high-temperature structure of bulk Fe3O4 and that, upon cooling, a competitive intertwining of charge and lattice orders arouses the Verwey transition. Our findings discover an unconventional type of electronic nematicity in correlated materials and offer innovative insights into the transition mechanism in Fe3O4 via the electron-phonon coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Zhixiu Liang
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Pedro M. Lozano
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - Alexander C. Komarek
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Street 40, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Alex H. Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
| | - Weiguo Yin
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian K. Robinson
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Mark P.M. Dean
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jing Tao
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mattern M, von Reppert A, Zeuschner SP, Herzog M, Pudell JE, Bargheer M. Concepts and use cases for picosecond ultrasonics with x-rays. PHOTOACOUSTICS 2023; 31:100503. [PMID: 37275326 PMCID: PMC10238750 DOI: 10.1016/j.pacs.2023.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses picosecond ultrasonics experiments using ultrashort hard x-ray probe pulses to extract the transient strain response of laser-excited nanoscopic structures from Bragg-peak shifts. This method provides direct, layer-specific, and quantitative information on the picosecond strain response for structures down to few-nm thickness. We model the transient strain using the elastic wave equation and express the driving stress using Grüneisen parameters stating that the laser-induced stress is proportional to energy density changes in the microscopic subsystems of the solid, i.e., electrons, phonons and spins. The laser-driven strain response can thus serve as an ultrafast proxy for local energy-density and temperature changes, but we emphasize the importance of the nanoscale morphology for an accurate interpretation due to the Poisson effect. The presented experimental use cases encompass ultrathin and opaque metal-heterostructures, continuous and granular nanolayers as well as negative thermal expansion materials, that each pose a challenge to established all-optical techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mattern
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Peer Zeuschner
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Herzog
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jan-Etienne Pudell
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- European XFEL, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Matias Bargheer
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rajpurohit S, Simoni J, Tan LZ. Photo-induced phase-transitions in complex solids. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4997-5008. [PMID: 36504738 PMCID: PMC9680828 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00481j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced phase-transitions (PIPTs) driven by highly cooperative interactions are of fundamental interest as they offer a way to tune and control material properties on ultrafast timescales. Due to strong correlations and interactions, complex quantum materials host several fascinating PIPTs such as light-induced charge density waves and ferroelectricity and have become a desirable setting for studying these PIPTs. A central issue in this field is the proper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving the PIPTs. As these PIPTs are highly nonlinear processes and often involve multiple time and length scales, different theoretical approaches are often needed to understand the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we present a brief overview of PIPTs realized in complex materials, followed by a discussion of the available theoretical methods with selected examples of recent progress in understanding of the nonequilibrium pathways of PIPTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacopo Simoni
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Qi Y, Chen N, Vasileiadis T, Zahn D, Seiler H, Li X, Ernstorfer R. Photoinduced Ultrafast Transition of the Local Correlated Structure in Chalcogenide Phase-Change Materials. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:135701. [PMID: 36206436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.135701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Revealing the bonding and time-evolving atomic dynamics in functional materials with complex lattice structures can update the fundamental knowledge on rich physics therein, and also help to manipulate the material properties as desired. As the most prototypical chalcogenide phase change material, Ge_{2}Sb_{2}Te_{5} has been widely used in optical data storage and nonvolatile electric memory due to the fast switching speed and the low energy consumption. However, the basic understanding of the structural dynamics on the atomic scale is still not clear. Using femtosecond electron diffraction, structure factor calculation, and time-dependent density-functional theory molecular dynamic simulation, we reveal the photoinduced ultrafast transition of the local correlated structure in the averaged rocksalt phase of Ge_{2}Sb_{2}Te_{5}. The randomly oriented Peierls distortion among unit cells in the averaged rocksalt phase of Ge_{2}Sb_{2}Te_{5} is termed as local correlated structures. The ultrafast suppression of the local Peierls distortions in the individual unit cell gives rise to a local structure change from the rhombohedral to the cubic geometry within ∼0.3 ps. In addition, the impact of the carrier relaxation and the large number of vacancies to the ultrafast structural response is quantified and discussed. Our Letter provides new microscopic insights into contributions of the local correlated structure to the transient structural and optical responses in phase change materials. Moreover, we stress the significance of femtosecond electron diffraction in revealing the local correlated structure in the subunit cell and the link between the local correlated structure and physical properties in functional materials with complex microstructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Qi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Nianke Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hélène Seiler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Xianbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Krapivin V, Gu M, Hickox-Young D, Teitelbaum SW, Huang Y, de la Peña G, Zhu D, Sirica N, Lee MC, Prasankumar RP, Maznev AA, Nelson KA, Chollet M, Rondinelli JM, Reis DA, Trigo M. Ultrafast Suppression of the Ferroelectric Instability in KTaO_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:127601. [PMID: 36179158 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.127601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use an x-ray free-electron laser to study the lattice dynamics following photoexcitation with ultrafast near-UV light (wavelength 266 nm, 50 fs pulse duration) of the incipient ferroelectric potassium tantalate, KTaO_{3}. By probing the lattice dynamics corresponding to multiple Brillouin zones through the x-ray diffuse scattering with pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) (wavelength 1.3 Å and <10 fs pulse duration), we observe changes in the diffuse intensity associated with a hardening of the transverse acoustic phonon branches along Γ to X and Γ to M. Using force constants from density functional theory, we fit the quasiequilibrium intensity and obtain the instantaneous lattice temperature and density of photoexcited charge carriers. The density functional theory calculations demonstrate that photoexcitation transfers charge from oxygen 2p derived π-bonding orbitals to Ta 5d derived antibonding orbitals, further suppressing the ferroelectric instability and increasing the stability of the cubic, paraelectric structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Krapivin
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D Hickox-Young
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - S W Teitelbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Huang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - G de la Peña
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N Sirica
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M-C Lee
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R P Prasankumar
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A A Maznev
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 Massachusetts, USA
| | - K A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139 Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - D A Reis
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Trigo
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qi Y, Guan M, Zahn D, Vasileiadis T, Seiler H, Windsor YW, Zhao H, Meng S, Ernstorfer R. Traversing Double-Well Potential Energy Surfaces: Photoinduced Concurrent Intralayer and Interlayer Structural Transitions in XTe 2 (X = Mo, W). ACS NANO 2022; 16:11124-11135. [PMID: 35793703 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic arrangement of atoms and molecules is the determining factor in how materials behave and perform; i.e., the structure determines the property, a traditional paradigm in materials science. Photoexcitation-driven manipulation of the crystal structure and associated electronic properties in quantum materials provides opportunities for the exploration of exotic physics and practical applications; however, a generalized mechanism for such symmetry engineering is absent. Here, by ultrafast electron diffraction, structure factor calculation, and TDDFT-MD simulations, we report the photoinduced concurrent intralayer and interlayer structural transitions in the Td and 1T' phases of XTe2 (X = Mo, W). We discuss the modification of multiple quantum electronic states associated with the intralayer and interlayer structural transitions, such as the topological band inversion and the higher-order topological state. The twin structures and the stacking faults in XTe2 are also identified by ultrafast structural responses. The comprehensive study of the ultrafast structural response in XTe2 suggests the traversal of all double-well potential energy surfaces (DWPES) by laser excitation, which is expected to be an intrinsic mechanism in the field of photoexcitation-driven global/local symmetry engineering and also a critical ingredient inducing the exotic properties in the non-equilibrium state in a large number of material systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Qi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengxue Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hélène Seiler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yoav William Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma B, Liu RT, Zhang XD, Wang Q, Zhang HL. Ultrafast Generation of Coherent Phonons in Two-Dimensional Bismuthene. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3072-3078. [PMID: 35353521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coherent phonons generated through regulation of lattice oscillation via ultrafast laser pulses or X-rays have been desired in various fields, including optoelectronics, thermal and quantum information, and communications. Phonon coherence of two-dimensional (2D) materials is particularly attractive as it enables controllable information transmission but is challenging as the weak interplanar coupling makes phonon excitation extremely difficult. Herein we managed to generate size-dependent phonon coherence from bulk Bi to few-layer bismuthene by an ultrafast femtosecond laser pulse and made a systematic comparison thorough a combination of computation, transient absorption, and reflectance spectroscopic methods. The results witnessed the A1g phonon excitation in all of the three Bi materials with distinct thicknesses, and the quantum size effect of 2D materials caused phonon confinement and eventual bond softening manifested as a red-shifted vibration frequency and shortened decoherence time compared with those of their bulk counterpart. This study offers new perspectives for tailoring coherent phonons in 2D materials for quantum science and technology including quantum communication, computing, and design of novel quantum devices, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Rui-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Materials Behavior and Evaluation Technology in Space Environment, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC), Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tani S, Kobayashi Y. Ultrafast laser ablation simulator using deep neural networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5837. [PMID: 35393487 PMCID: PMC8990072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09870-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Laser-based material removal, or ablation, using ultrafast pulses enables precision micro-scale processing of almost any material for a wide range of applications and is likely to play a pivotal role in providing mass customization capabilities in future manufacturing. However, optimization of the processing parameters can currently take several weeks because of the absence of an appropriate simulator. The difficulties in realizing such a simulator lie in the multi-scale nature of the relevant processes and the high nonlinearity and irreversibility of these processes, which can differ substantially depending on the target material. Here we show that an ultrafast laser ablation simulator can be realized using deep neural networks. The simulator can calculate the three-dimensional structure after irradiation by multiple laser pulses at arbitrary positions and with arbitrary pulse energies, and we applied the simulator to a variety of materials, including dielectrics, semiconductors, and an organic polymer. The simulator successfully predicted their depth profiles after irradiation by a number of pulses, even though the neural networks were trained using single-shot datasets. Our results indicate that deep neural networks trained with single-shot experiments are able to address physics with irreversibility and chaoticity that cannot be accessed using conventional repetitive experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Tani
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| | - Yohei Kobayashi
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ndione PD, Weber ST, Gericke DO, Rethfeld B. Nonequilibrium band occupation and optical response of gold after ultrafast XUV excitation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4693. [PMID: 35304492 PMCID: PMC8933472 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Free electron lasers offer unique properties to study matter in states far from equilibrium as they combine short pulses with a large range of photon energies. In particular, the possibility to excite core states drives new relaxation pathways that, in turn, also change the properties of the optically and chemically active electrons. Here, we present a theoretical model for the dynamics of the nonequilibrium occupation of the different energy bands in solid gold driven by exciting deep core states. The resulting optical response is in excellent agreement with recent measurements and, combined with our model, provides a quantitative benchmark for the description of electron-phonon coupling in strongly driven gold. Focusing on sub-picosecond time scales, we find essential differences between the dynamics induced by XUV and visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal D Ndione
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
| | - Sebastian T Weber
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk O Gericke
- Department of Physics, Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Baerbel Rethfeld
- Department of Physics and OPTIMAS Research Center, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 46, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang Z, Yang X, Huang X, Shaftan T, Smaluk V, Song M, Wan W, Wu L, Zhu Y. Toward fully automated UED operation using two-stage machine learning model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4240. [PMID: 35273341 PMCID: PMC8913665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To demonstrate the feasibility of automating UED operation and diagnosing the machine performance in real time, a two-stage machine learning (ML) model based on self-consistent start-to-end simulations has been implemented. This model will not only provide the machine parameters with adequate precision, toward the full automation of the UED instrument, but also make real-time electron beam information available as single-shot nondestructive diagnostics. Furthermore, based on a deep understanding of the root connection between the electron beam properties and the features of Bragg-diffraction patterns, we have applied the hidden symmetry as model constraints, successfully improving the accuracy of energy spread prediction by a factor of five and making the beam divergence prediction two times faster. The capability enabled by the global optimization via ML provides us with better opportunities for discoveries using near-parallel, bright, and ultrafast electron beams for single-shot imaging. It also enables directly visualizing the dynamics of defects and nanostructured materials, which is impossible using present electron-beam technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Xiaobiao Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Timur Shaftan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Victor Smaluk
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Minghao Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Weishi Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mareev EI, Potemkin FV. Dynamics of Ultrafast Phase Transitions in (001) Si on the Shock-Wave Front. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042115. [PMID: 35216227 PMCID: PMC8878118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultrafast (<0.1 ps) reversible phase transition in silicon (Si) under ultrafast pressure loading using molecular dynamics. Si changes its structure from cubic diamond to β-Sn on the shock-wave front. The phase transition occurs when the shock-wave pressure exceeds 11 GPa. Atomic volume, centrosymmetry, and the X-ray-diffraction spectrum were revealed as effective indicators of phase-transition dynamics. The latter, being registered in actual experimental conditions, constitutes a breakthrough in the path towards simple X-ray optical cross-correlation and pump-probe experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Igorevich Mareev
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory bld.1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute of Photon Technologies, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pionerskaya 2, Troitsk, 108840 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Fedor Viktorovich Potemkin
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory bld.1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rathore R, Singhal H, Ansari A, Chakera JA. Evolution of laser-induced strain in a Ge crystal for the [111] and [100] directions probed by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-short laser-pulse-induced strain propagation in a Ge crystal is studied in the [111] and [100] directions using time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TXRD). The strain propagation velocity is derived by analysis of the TXRD signal from the strained crystal planes. Numerical integration of the Takagi–Taupin equations is performed using open source code, which provides a very simple approach to estimate the strain propagation velocity. The present method will be particularly useful for relatively broad spectral bandwidths and weak X-ray sources, where temporal oscillations in the diffracted X-ray intensity at the relevant phonon frequencies would not be visible. The two Bragg reflections of the Ge sample, viz. 111 and 400, give information on the propagation of strain for two different depths, as the X-ray extinction depths are different for these two reflections. The strain induced by femtosecond laser excitation has a propagation velocity comparable to the longitudinal acoustic velocity. The strain propagation velocity increases with increasing laser excitation fluence. This fluence dependence of the strain propagation velocity can be attributed to crystal heating by ambipolar carrier diffusion. Ge is a promising candidate for silicon-based optoelectronics, and this study will enhance the understanding of heat transport by carrier diffusion in Ge induced by ultra-fast laser pulses, which will assist in the design of optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang Z, Yang X, Huang X, Li J, Shaftan T, Smaluk V, Song M, Wan W, Wu L, Zhu Y. Accurate prediction of mega-electron-volt electron beam properties from UED using machine learning. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13890. [PMID: 34230561 PMCID: PMC8260651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To harness the full potential of the ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and microscopy (UEM), we must know accurately the electron beam properties, such as emittance, energy spread, spatial-pointing jitter, and shot-to-shot energy fluctuation. Owing to the inherent fluctuations in UED/UEM instruments, obtaining such detailed knowledge requires real-time characterization of the beam properties for each electron bunch. While diagnostics of these properties exist, they are often invasive, and many of them cannot operate at a high repetition rate. Here, we present a technique to overcome such limitations. Employing a machine learning (ML) strategy, we can accurately predict electron beam properties for every shot using only parameters that are easily recorded at high repetition rate by the detector while the experiments are ongoing, by training a model on a small set of fully diagnosed bunches. Applying ML as real-time noninvasive diagnostics could enable some new capabilities, e.g., online optimization of the long-term stability and fine single-shot quality of the electron beam, filtering the events and making online corrections of the data for time-resolved UED, otherwise impossible. This opens the possibility of fully realizing the potential of high repetition rate UED and UEM for life science and condensed matter physics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Xiaobiao Huang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Junjie Li
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Timur Shaftan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Victor Smaluk
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Minghao Song
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Weishi Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Potemkin FV, Mareev EI, Garmatina AA, Nazarov MM, Fomin EA, Stirin AI, Korchuganov VN, Kvardakov VV, Gordienko VM, Panchenko VY, Kovalchuk MM. Hybrid x-ray laser-plasma/laser-synchrotron facility for pump-probe studies of the extreme state of matter at NRC "Kurchatov Institute". THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:053101. [PMID: 34243278 DOI: 10.1063/5.0028228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid optical pump-x-ray probe facility based on the "Kurchatov's synchrotron radiation source" and terawatt (TW) femtosecond laser. The bright x-ray photon source is based on either synchrotron radiation [up to 6 × 1014 photons/(s mm2 mrad2 0.1% bandwidth)] or laser-plasma generators (up to 108 photons/sr/pulse). The terawatt (TW) femtosecond laser pulse initiated phase transitions and a non-stationary "extreme" state of matter, while the delayed x-ray pulse acts as a probe. The synchronization between synchrotron radiation and laser pulses is achieved at 60.3 MHz using an intelligent field-programmable gate array-based phased locked loop. The timing jitter of the system is less than 30 ps. In laser-plasma sources, the x-ray and laser pulses are automatically synchronized because they are produced by using the same laser source (TW laser system). We have reached an x-ray yield of about 106 photons/sr/pulse with 6-mJ sub-ps laser pulses and using helium as a local gas medium. Under vacuum conditions, the laser energy increase up to 40 mJ leads to the enhancement of the x-ray yield of up to 108 photons/sr/pulse. The developed hybrid facility paves the way for a new class of time-resolved x-ray optical pump-probe experiments in the time interval from femtoseconds to microseconds and the energy spectrum from 3 to 30 keV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fedor V Potemkin
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeny I Mareev
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alena A Garmatina
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, FSKC "Crystallography and Photonics," Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 119333, Russia
| | - Maxim M Nazarov
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - Evgeniy A Fomin
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Viacheslav M Gordienko
- Faculty of Physics and International Laser Center, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladislav Ya Panchenko
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, FSKC "Crystallography and Photonics," Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 119333, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bach N, Schäfer S. Ultrafast strain propagation and acoustic resonances in nanoscale bilayer systems. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:035101. [PMID: 34169119 PMCID: PMC8214470 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast structural probing has greatly enhanced our understanding of the coupling of atomic motion to electronic and phononic degrees-of-freedom in quasi-bulk materials. In bi- and multilayer model systems, additionally, spatially inhomogeneous relaxation channels are accessible, often governed by pronounced interfacial couplings and local excitations in confined geometries. Here, we systematically explore the key dependencies of the low-frequency acoustic phonon spectrum in an elastically mismatched metal/semiconductor bilayer system optically excited by femtosecond laser pulses. We track the spatiotemporal strain wave propagation in the heterostructure employing a discrete numerical linear chain simulation and access acoustic wave reflections and interfacial couplings with a phonon mode description based on a continuum mechanics model. Due to the interplay of elastic properties and mass densities of the two materials, acoustic resonance frequencies of the heterostructure significantly differ from breathing modes in monolayer films. For large acoustic mismatch, the spatial localization of phonon eigenmodes is derived from analytical approximations and can be interpreted as harmonic oscillations in decoupled mechanical resonators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bach
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S. Schäfer
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Savel'ev A, Chefonov O, Ovchinnikov A, Rubtsov A, Shkurinov A, Zhu Y, Agranat M, Fortov V. Transient optical non-linearity in p-Si induced by a few cycle extreme THz field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5730-5740. [PMID: 33726106 DOI: 10.1364/oe.415354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We study the impact of a few cycle extreme terahertz (THz) radiation (the field strength ETHz ∼1-15 MV/cm is well above the DC-field breakdown threshold) on a p-doped Si wafer. Pump-probe measurements of the second harmonic of a weak infrared probe were done at different THz field strengths. The second harmonic yield has an unusual temporal behavior and does not follow the common instantaneous response, ∝ETHz2. These findings were attributed to: (i) the lattice strain by the ponderomotive force of the extreme THz pulse at the maximal THz field strength below 6 MV/cm and (ii) the modulation of the THz field-induced impact ionization rate at the optical probe frequency (due to the modulation of the free carriers' drift kinetic energy from the probe field) at the THz field strength above 6-8 MV/cm.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chergui M. Launching Structural Dynamics. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:060401. [PMID: 33415180 PMCID: PMC7771997 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
|
30
|
Yang X, Wan W, Wu L, Smaluk V, Shaftan T, Zhu Y. Toward monochromated sub-nanometer UEM and femtosecond UED. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16171. [PMID: 32999357 PMCID: PMC7527342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A preliminary design of a mega-electron-volt (MeV) monochromator with 10−5 energy spread for ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) and ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) is presented. Such a narrow energy spread is advantageous in both the single shot mode, where the momentum resolution in diffraction is improved, and the accumulation mode, where shot-to-shot energy jitter is reduced. In the single-shot mode, we numerically optimized the monochromator efficiency up to 13% achieving 1.3 million electrons per pulse. In the accumulation mode, to mitigate the efficiency degradation caused by the shot-to-shot energy jitter, an optimized gun phase yields only a mild reduction of the single-shot efficiency, therefore the number of accumulated electrons nearly proportional to the repetition rate. Inspired by the recent work of Qi et al. (Phys Rev Lett 124:134803, 2020), a novel concept of applying reverse bending magnets to adjust the energy-dependent path length difference has been successfully realized in designing a MeV monochromator to achieve the minimum energy-dependent path length difference between cathode and sample. Thanks to the achromat design, the pulse length of the electron bunches and the energy-dependent timing jitter can be greatly reduced to the 10 fs level. The introduction of such a monochromator provides a major step forward, towards constructing a UEM with sub-nm resolution and a UED with ten-femtosecond temporal resolution. The one-to-one mapping between the electron beam parameter and the diffraction peak broadening enables a real-time nondestructive diagnosis of the beam energy spread and divergence. The tunable electric–magnetic monochromator allows the scanning of the electron beam energy with a 10−5 precision, enabling online energy matching for the UEM, on-momentum flux maximizing for the UED and real-time energy measuring for energy-loss spectroscopy. A combination of the monochromator and a downstream chicane enables “two-color” double pulses with femtosecond duration and the tunable delay in the range of 10 to 160 fs, which can potentially provide an unprecedented femtosecond time resolution for time resolved UED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Weishi Wan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lijun Wu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Victor Smaluk
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Timur Shaftan
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Horstmann JG, Böckmann H, Wit B, Kurtz F, Storeck G, Ropers C. Coherent control of a surface structural phase transition. Nature 2020; 583:232-236. [PMID: 32641815 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Active optical control over matter is desirable in many scientific disciplines, with prominent examples in all-optical magnetic switching1,2, light-induced metastable or exotic phases of solids3-8 and the coherent control of chemical reactions9,10. Typically, these approaches dynamically steer a system towards states or reaction products far from equilibrium. In solids, metal-to-insulator transitions are an important target for optical manipulation, offering ultrafast changes of the electronic4 and lattice11-16 properties. The impact of coherences on the efficiencies and thresholds of such transitions, however, remains a largely open subject. Here, we demonstrate coherent control over a metal-insulator structural phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional solid-state surface system. A femtosecond double-pulse excitation scheme17-20 is used to switch the system from the insulating to a metastable metallic state, and the corresponding structural changes are monitored by ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction21,22. To govern the transition, we harness vibrational coherence in key structural modes connecting both phases, and observe delay-dependent oscillations in the double-pulse switching efficiency. Mode-selective coherent control of solids and surfaces could open new routes to switching chemical and physical functionalities, enabled by metastable and non-equilibrium states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gerrit Horstmann
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Böckmann
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bareld Wit
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Kurtz
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gero Storeck
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Ropers
- 4th Physical Institute, Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Juraschek DM, Meier QN, Narang P. Parametric Excitation of an Optically Silent Goldstone-Like Phonon Mode. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:117401. [PMID: 32242728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.117401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been indicated that the hexagonal manganites exhibit Higgs- and Goldstone-like phonon modes that modulate the amplitude and phase of their primary order parameter. Here, we describe a mechanism by which a silent Goldstone-like phonon mode can be coherently excited, which is based on nonlinear coupling to an infrared-active Higgs-like phonon mode. Using a combination of first-principles calculations and phenomenological modeling, we describe the coupled Higgs-Goldstone dynamics in response to the excitation with a terahertz pulse. Besides theoretically demonstrating coherent control of crystallographic Higgs and Goldstone excitations, we show that the previously inaccessible silent phonon modes can be excited coherently with this mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M Juraschek
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Quintin N Meier
- Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Prineha Narang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Afshari M, Krumey P, Menn D, Nicoul M, Brinks F, Tarasevitch A, Sokolowski-Tinten K. Time-resolved diffraction with an optimized short pulse laser plasma X-ray source. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:014301. [PMID: 31934600 PMCID: PMC6941949 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a setup for time-resolved X-ray diffraction based on a short pulse, laser-driven plasma X-ray source. The employed modular design provides high flexibility to adapt the setup to the specific requirements (e.g., X-ray optics and sample environment) of particular applications. The configuration discussed here has been optimized toward high angular/momentum resolution and uses K α -radiation (4.51 keV) from a Ti wire-target in combination with a toroidally bent crystal for collection, monochromatization, and focusing of the emitted radiation. 2 × 10 5 Ti-K α1 photons per pulse with10 - 4 relative bandwidth are delivered to the sample at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. This allows for the high dynamic range (104) measurements of transient changes in the rocking curves of materials as for example induced by laser-triggered strain waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Afshari
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - P Krumey
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - D Menn
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Nicoul
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - F Brinks
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - A Tarasevitch
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - K Sokolowski-Tinten
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstrasse 1, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Maiuri M, Garavelli M, Cerullo G. Ultrafast Spectroscopy: State of the Art and Open Challenges. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:3-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Maiuri
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tinnemann V, Streubühr C, Hafke B, Witte T, Kalus A, Hanisch-Blicharski A, Ligges M, Zhou P, von der Linde D, Bovensiepen U, Horn-von Hoegen M. Decelerated lattice excitation and absence of bulk phonon modes at surfaces: Ultra-fast electron diffraction from Bi(111) surface upon fs-laser excitation. Struct Dyn 2019; 6:065101. [PMID: 31700944 PMCID: PMC6831505 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast reflection high-energy electron diffraction is employed to follow the lattice excitation of a Bi(111) surface upon irradiation with a femtosecond laser pulse. The thermal motion of the atoms is analyzed through the Debye–Waller effect. While the Bi bulk is heated on time scales of 2 to 4 ps, we observe that the excitation of vibrational motion of the surface atoms occurs much slower with a time constant of 12 ps. This transient nonequilibrium situation is attributed to the weak coupling between bulk and surface phonon modes which hampers the energy flow between the two subsystems. From the absence of a fast component in the transient diffraction intensity, it is in addition concluded that truncated bulk phonon modes are absent at the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Tinnemann
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - C. Streubühr
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - B. Hafke
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - T. Witte
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - A. Kalus
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - A. Hanisch-Blicharski
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M. Ligges
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - P. Zhou
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - D. von der Linde
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - U. Bovensiepen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M. Horn-von Hoegen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Determination of the accuracy and reliability of molecular dynamics simulations in estimating the melting point of iron: Roles of interaction potentials and initial system configurations. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
37
|
Fanetti S, Falsini N, Bartolini P, Citroni M, Lapini A, Taschin A, Bini R. Superheating and Homogeneous Melting Dynamics of Bulk Ice. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4517-4522. [PMID: 31342749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous melting of crystals is a complex multistep process involving the formation of transient states at temperatures considerably higher than the melting point. The nature and persistence of these metastable structures are intimately connected to the melting process, and a precise definition of the temporal boundaries of these phenomena is not yet available. We set up a specifically designed experiment to probe by transient infrared absorption spectroscopy the entire dynamics, ranging from tens of picoseconds to microseconds, of superheating and melting of an ice crystal. In spite of a large excess of energy provided, only about 30% of the micrometric crystal liquefies in the first 20-25 ns because of the long persistence of the superheated metastable phase that extends for more than 100 ns. This behavior is ascribed to the population of low-energy states that trap a large amount of energy, favoring the formation of a metastable, likely plastic, ice phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Fanetti
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici , Via Madonna del Piano 10 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
| | - Naomi Falsini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Margherita Citroni
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Lapini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INRIM, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica , Strada delle Cacce 91 , I-10135 Torino , Italy
| | - Andrea Taschin
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati , Via E. Fermi 45 , I-00044 Frascati Roma , Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici , Via Madonna del Piano 10 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università di Firenze , via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Direct observation of picosecond melting and disintegration of metallic nanoparticles. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2411. [PMID: 31160671 PMCID: PMC6547703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than a century of study, the fundamental mechanisms behind solid melting remain elusive at the nanoscale. Ultrafast phenomena in materials irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses have revived the interest in unveiling the puzzling processes of melting transitions. However, direct experimental validation of various microscopic models is limited due to the difficulty of imaging the internal structures of materials undergoing ultrafast and irreversible transitions. Here we overcome this challenge through time-resolved single-shot diffractive imaging using X-ray free electron laser pulses. Images of single Au nanoparticles show heterogeneous melting at the surface followed by density fluctuation deep inside the particle, which is directionally correlated to the polarization of the pumping laser. Observation of this directionality links the non-thermal electronic excitation to the thermal lattice melting, which is further verified by molecular dynamics simulations. This work provides direct evidence to the understanding of irreversible melting with an unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. Laser-matter interaction has been intensively studied in equilibrium states, but irreversible processes in a highly nonequilibrium state at nanoscales remains elusive due to experimental challenges. Here, Ihm et al. image heterogeneous melting of gold nanoparticles with nanometer and picosecond resolution.
Collapse
|
39
|
Buzzi M, Först M, Cavalleri A. Measuring non-equilibrium dynamics in complex solids with ultrashort X-ray pulses. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20170478. [PMID: 30929635 PMCID: PMC6452049 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strong interactions between electrons give rise to the complexity of quantum materials, which exhibit exotic functional properties and extreme susceptibility to external perturbations. A growing research trend involves the study of these materials away from equilibrium, especially in cases in which the stimulation with optical pulses can coherently enhance cooperative orders. Time-resolved X-ray probes are integral to this type of research, as they can be used to track atomic and electronic structures as they evolve on ultrafast timescales. Here, we review a series of recent experiments where femtosecond X-ray diffraction was used to measure dynamics of complex solids. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Buzzi
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Först
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Cavalleri
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Tinnemann V, Streubühr C, Hafke B, Kalus A, Hanisch-Blicharski A, Ligges M, Zhou P, von der Linde D, Bovensiepen U, Horn-von Hoegen M. Ultrafast electron diffraction from a Bi(111) surface: Impulsive lattice excitation and Debye-Waller analysis at large momentum transfer. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:035101. [PMID: 31111080 PMCID: PMC6494652 DOI: 10.1063/1.5093637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The lattice response of a Bi(111) surface upon impulsive femtosecond laser excitation is studied with time-resolved reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We employ a Debye-Waller analysis at large momentum transfer of 9.3 Å-1 ≤ Δ k ≤ 21.8 Å-1 in order to study the lattice excitation dynamics of the Bi surface under conditions of weak optical excitation up to 2 mJ/cm2 incident pump fluence. The observed time constants τ int of decay of diffraction spot intensity depend on the momentum transfer Δk and range from 5 to 12 ps. This large variation of τ int is caused by the nonlinearity of the exponential function in the Debye-Waller factor and has to be taken into account for an intensity drop ΔI > 0.2. An analysis of more than 20 diffraction spots with a large variation in Δk gave a consistent value for the time constant τT of vibrational excitation of the surface lattice of 12 ± 1 ps independent on the excitation density. We found no evidence for a deviation from an isotropic Debye-Waller effect and conclude that the primary laser excitation leads to thermal lattice excitation, i.e., heating of the Bi surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Tinnemann
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - C Streubühr
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - B Hafke
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - A Kalus
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - A Hanisch-Blicharski
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Ligges
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - P Zhou
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - D von der Linde
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - U Bovensiepen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| | - M Horn-von Hoegen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 47048 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
A review that summarizes the most recent technological developments in the field of ultrafast structural dynamics with focus on the use of ultrashort X-ray and electron pulses follows. Atomistic views of chemical processes and phase transformations have long been the exclusive domain of computer simulators. The advent of femtosecond (fs) hard X-ray and fs-electron diffraction techniques made it possible to bring such a level of scrutiny to the experimental area. The following review article provides a summary of the main ultrafast techniques that enabled the generation of atomically resolved movies utilizing ultrashort X-ray and electron pulses. Recent advances are discussed with emphasis on synchrotron-based methods, tabletop fs-X-ray plasma sources, ultrabright fs-electron diffractometers, and timing techniques developed to further improve the temporal resolution and fully exploit the use of intense and ultrashort X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) pulses.
Collapse
|
42
|
Hafke B, Witte T, Brand C, Duden T, Horn-von Hoegen M. Pulsed electron gun for electron diffraction at surfaces with femtosecond temporal resolution and high coherence length. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:045119. [PMID: 31042971 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a newly designed 30 kV pulsed electron gun for ultrafast electron diffraction suited for pump-probe setups driven by femtosecond laser pulses. The electron gun can be operated both in transmission and reflection geometry. A robust design with a back illuminated Au photocathode, extraction fields of 7.5 kV/mm, and a magnetic focus lens ensures reliable daily use. Magnetic deflectors allow for beam alignment and characterization. Focusing of the UV pulse on the photocathode results in a small source size of photoemitted electrons and thus a high transverse coherence length of more than 50 nm in diffraction. A low difference of ΔE = 0.1 eV between the work function of the 10 nm Au photocathode and photon energy of the frequency tripled UV laser pulses results in an instrumental temporal resolution of 330 fs full width at half maximum. This resolution is discussed with respect to the number of electrons per pulse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hafke
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - T Witte
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - C Brand
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Th Duden
- Th. Duden Konstruktionsbüro, Borgsen-Allee 35, 33649 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - M Horn-von Hoegen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanointegration CENIDE, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstraße 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Astakhova TY, Vinogradov GA, Kashin VA. Effect of External Factors on Physical and Chemical Transformations Polaron in an Electric Field as a Generator of Coherent Lattice Vibrations. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793118050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
44
|
Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Makita M, Vartiainen I, Mohacsi I, Caleman C, Diaz A, Jönsson HO, Juranić P, Medvedev N, Meents A, Mozzanica A, Opara NL, Padeste C, Panneels V, Saxena V, Sikorski M, Song S, Vera L, Willmott PR, Beaud P, Milne CJ, Ziaja-Motyka B, David C. Femtosecond phase-transition in hard x-ray excited bismuth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:602. [PMID: 30679456 PMCID: PMC6345934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36216-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of bismuth crystal structure upon excitation of its A1g phonon has been intensely studied with short pulse optical lasers. Here we present the first-time observation of a hard x-ray induced ultrafast phase transition in a bismuth single crystal at high intensities (~1014 W/cm2). The lattice evolution was followed using a recently demonstrated x-ray single-shot probing setup. The time evolution of the (111) Bragg peak intensity showed strong dependence on the excitation fluence. After exposure to a sufficiently intense x-ray pulse, the peak intensity dropped to zero within 300 fs, i.e. faster than one oscillation period of the A1g mode at room temperature. Our analysis indicates a nonthermal origin of a lattice disordering process, and excludes interpretations based on electron-ion equilibration process, or on thermodynamic heating process leading to plasma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Makita
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.
| | - I Vartiainen
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - I Mohacsi
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91190, Saint-Aubin, France
| | - C Caleman
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Diaz
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - H O Jönsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, SE-751 24, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Applied physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Juranić
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N Medvedev
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic.,Institute of Plasma Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 182 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - A Meents
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Mozzanica
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N L Opara
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,C-CINA Biozentrum, University of Basel, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Padeste
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Panneels
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Saxena
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, 382428, India
| | - M Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - S Song
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, 94025, USA
| | - L Vera
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P R Willmott
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Beaud
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C J Milne
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Ziaja-Motyka
- CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Krakow, Poland
| | - C David
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Juvé V, Vaudel G, Ollmann Z, Hebling J, Temnov V, Gusev V, Pezeril T. Ultrafast tunable modulation of light polarization at terahertz frequencies. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5905-5908. [PMID: 30547966 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlling light polarization is one of the most essential routines in modern optical technology. Since the demonstration of optical pulse shaping by spatial light modulators and its potential in controlling the quantum reaction pathways, it paved the way for many applications as a coherent control of the photoionization process or as polarization shaping of terahertz (THz) pulses. Here, we evidenced efficient nonresonant and noncollinear χ(2)-type light-matter interaction in femtosecond polarization-sensitive time-resolved optical measurements. Such nonlinear optical interaction of visible light and ultrashort THz pulses leads to THz modulation of visible light polarization in bulk LiNbO3 crystal. Theoretical simulations based on the wave propagation equation capture the physical processes underlying this nonlinear effect. Apart from the observed tunable polarization modulation of visible pulses at ultrahigh frequencies, this physical phenomenon can be envisaged in THz depth-profiling of materials.
Collapse
|
47
|
Mitrofanov AV, Sidorov-Biryukov DA, Rozhko MV, Ryabchuk SV, Voronin AA, Zheltikov AM. High-order harmonic generation from a solid-surface plasma by relativistic-intensity sub-100-fs mid-infrared pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:5571-5574. [PMID: 30439897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.005571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in plasmas induced by ultrashort, relativistic-intensity laser pulses on solid surfaces can provide an efficient source of attosecond pulses and opens routes toward new regimes of laser-matter interactions, x-ray generation, laser particle acceleration, and relativistic nonlinear optics. However, field intensities in the range of Irel∼1019 W/cm2 are typically needed to achieve the relativistic regime of HHG in experiments with near-infrared laser pulses. Here, we show that, in the mid-infrared range, due to the λ-2 scaling of Irel with the driver wavelength λ, relativistic HHG can be observed at much lower levels of laser field intensities. High-peak-power 80-fs, 3.9-μm pulses are focused in our experiments on a solid surface to provide field intensities in the range of 1017 W/cm2. Remarkably, this level of field intensities, considered as low by the standards of relativistic optics in the near infrared, is shown to be sufficient for generation of high-order harmonics with signature properties of relativistic HHG-beam directionality, spectra with extended plateaus, and a high HHG yield sustained for both p- and s-polarized driver fields.
Collapse
|
48
|
Teitelbaum SW, Henighan T, Huang Y, Liu H, Jiang MP, Zhu D, Chollet M, Sato T, Murray ÉD, Fahy S, O'Mahony S, Bailey TP, Uher C, Trigo M, Reis DA. Direct Measurement of Anharmonic Decay Channels of a Coherent Phonon. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:125901. [PMID: 30296113 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.125901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report channel-resolved measurements of the anharmonic coupling of the coherent A_{1g} phonon in photoexcited bismuth to pairs of high wave vector acoustic phonons. The decay of a coherent phonon can be understood as a parametric resonance process whereby the atomic displacement periodically modulates the frequency of a broad continuum of modes. This coupling drives temporal oscillations in the phonon mean-square displacements at the A_{1g} frequency that are observed across the Brillouin zone by femtosecond x-ray diffuse scattering. We extract anharmonic coupling constants between the A_{1g} and several representative decay channels that are within an order of magnitude of density functional perturbation theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Henighan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yijing Huang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hanzhe Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mason P Jiang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthieu Chollet
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Takahiro Sato
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Éamonn D Murray
- Department of Physics and Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fahy
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, Cork T12K8AF, Ireland
| | - Trevor P Bailey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Mariano Trigo
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - David A Reis
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang D, Su X, Du Y, Tian Q, Liang Y, Niu L, Huang W, Gai W, Yan L, Tang C, Antipov S. Non-perturbing THz generation at the Tsinghua University Accelerator Laboratory 31 MeV electron beamline. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:093301. [PMID: 30278713 DOI: 10.1063/1.5042006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent experiments at Tsinghua University Accelerator Laboratory, the 31 MeV electron beam, which has been compressed to subpicosecond pulse durations, has been used to generate high peak power, narrow band Terahertz (THz) radiation by transit through different slow wave structures, specifically quartz capillaries metallized on the outside. Despite the high peak powers that have been produced, the THz pulse energy is negligible compared to the energy of the electron beam. Therefore, the THz generation process can be complementary to other beamline applications like plasma wakefield acceleration studies and Compton x-ray free electron lasers. This approach can be used at x-ray free electron laser beamlines, where THz radiation can be generated without disturbing the x-ray generation process. In the experiment reported here, a high peak current electron beam generated strong narrow band (∼1% bandwidth) THz signals in the form of a mixture of TM01 and TM02 modes. Each slow wave structure is completed with a mode converter at the end of the structure that allows for efficient (>90%) power extraction into free space. In the experiment, both modes in these two dielectric-loaded waveguides TM01 (0.3 THz/0.5 THz) and TM02 (0.9 THz/1.3 THz) were explicitly measured with an interferometer. The THz pulse energy was measured with a calibrated Golay cell at a few μJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Xiaolu Su
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | - Qili Tian
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | - Lujia Niu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | - Wei Gai
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Lixin Yan
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lemke HT, Breiby DW, Ejdrup T, Hammershøj P, Cammarata M, Khakhulin D, Rusteika N, Adachi SI, Koshihara S, Kuhlman TS, Mariager SO, Nielsen TN, Wulff M, Sølling TI, Harrit N, Feidenhans’l R, Nielsen MM. Tuning and Tracking of Coherent Shear Waves in Molecular Films. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:9929-9933. [PMID: 31459121 PMCID: PMC6645282 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have determined the time-dependent displacement fields in molecular sub-micrometer thin films as response to femtosecond and picosecond laser pulse heating by time-resolved X-ray diffraction. This method allows a direct absolute determination of the molecular displacements induced by electron-phonon interactions, which are crucial for, for example, charge transport in organic electronic devices. We demonstrate that two different modes of coherent shear motion can be photoexcited in a thin film of organic molecules by careful tuning of the laser penetration depth relative to the thickness of the film. The measured response of the organic film to impulse heating is explained by a thermoelastic model and reveals the spatially resolved displacement in the film. Thereby, information about the profile of the energy deposition in the film as well as about the mechanical interaction with the substrate material is obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Till Lemke
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dag Werner Breiby
- Deparment of Physics, Norwegian
University of Science and Technology, Højskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tine Ejdrup
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hammershøj
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marco Cammarata
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dmitry Khakhulin
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nerijus Rusteika
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shin-Ichi Adachi
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H61 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shinya Koshihara
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H61 Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Thomas Scheby Kuhlman
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Simon Oddsson Mariager
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Nørskov Nielsen
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Wulff
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Theis Ivan Sølling
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Harrit
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Feidenhans’l
- Nano-Science Center and Department of
Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Meedom Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University
of Denmark, Fysikvej
307, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|