1
|
Kim H, Jung J, Shin J. Bidirectional Vectorial Holography Using Bi-Layer Metasurfaces and Its Application to Optical Encryption. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406717. [PMID: 39268796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The field of optical systems with asymmetric responses has grown significantly due to their various potential applications. Janus metasurfaces are noteworthy for their ability to control light asymmetrically at the pixel level within thin films. However, previous demonstrations are restricted to the partial control of asymmetric transmission for a limited set of input polarizations, focusing primarily on scalar functionalities. Here, optical bi-layer metasurfaces that achieve a fully generalized form of asymmetric transmission for any input polarization are presented. The designs owe much to the theoretical model of asymmetric transmission in reciprocal systems, which elucidates the relationship between front- and back-side Jones matrices in general cases. This model reveals a fundamental correlation between the polarization-direction channels of opposing sides. To circumvent this constraint, partitioning the transmission space is utilized to realize four distinct vector functionalities within the target volume. As a proof of concept, polarization-direction-multiplexed Janus vectorial holograms generating four vectorial holographic images are experimentally demonstrated. When integrated with computational vector polarizer arrays, this approach enables optical encryption with a high level of obscurity. The proposed mathematical framework and novel material systems for generalized asymmetric transmission may pave the way for applications such as optical computation, sensing, and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonhee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyo Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou L, Xu Q, Feng T, Zhou X. Experimental realization of a three-photon asymmetric maximally entangled state and its application to quantum state transfer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9251. [PMID: 38905347 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum information processing, prominently used in quantum communication, computation, and metrology. Recent studies have shifted toward high-dimensional entangled states, offering greater information capacity and enabling more complex applications. Here, we experimentally prepared a three-photon asymmetric maximally entangled state, comprising two two-dimensional photons and one four-dimensional photon. Using this state, we conducted a proof-of-principle experiment, successfully transferring a four-dimensional quantum state from two photons to another photon with fidelities ranging from 0.78 to 0.86. These results exceed theoretical limits, demonstrating genuine four-dimensional quantum state transfer. The asymmetric entangled state demonstrated here holds promise for future quantum networks as a quantum interface facilitating information transfer across quantum systems with different dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianfeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Cao L, Luo W, Zhang H, Cai H, Karim MF, Gao F, Fitzsimons J, Song Q, Liu AQ. Experimental Quantum Homomorphic Encryption Using a Quantum Photonic Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:200801. [PMID: 38829067 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.200801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A fully homomorphic encryption system enables computation on encrypted data without the necessity for prior decryption. This facilitates the seamless establishment of a secure quantum channel, bridging the server and client components, and thereby providing the client with secure access to the server's substantial computational capacity for executing quantum operations. However, traditional homomorphic encryption systems lack scalability, programmability, and stability. In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-concept implementation of a homomorphic encryption scheme on a compact quantum chip, verifying the feasibility of using photonic chips for quantum homomorphic encryption. Our work not only provides a solution for circuit expansion, addressing the longstanding challenge of scalability while significantly reducing the size of quantum network infrastructure, but also lays the groundwork for the development of highly sophisticated quantum fully homomorphic encryption systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Quantum Technology (IQT), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Lin Cao
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Luo
- Institute of Quantum Technology (IQT), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Quantum Technology (IQT), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Cai
- Institute of Quantum Technology (IQT), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Faeyz Karim
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Quantum Technology (IQT), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Fitzsimons
- Horizon Quantum Computing, 79 Ayer Rajah Crescent, BASH #03-01, 139955, Singapore
| | - Qinghua Song
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ai-Qun Liu
- Institute of Quantum Technology (IQT), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
- Quantum Science and Engineering Centre (QSec), Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Villegas-Aguilar L, Polino E, Ghafari F, Quintino MT, Laverick KT, Berkman IR, Rogge S, Shalm LK, Tischler N, Cavalcanti EG, Slussarenko S, Pryde GJ. Nonlocality activation in a photonic quantum network. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3112. [PMID: 38600084 PMCID: PMC11006907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bell nonlocality refers to correlations between two distant, entangled particles that challenge classical notions of local causality. Beyond its foundational significance, nonlocality is crucial for device-independent technologies like quantum key distribution and randomness generation. Nonlocality quickly deteriorates in the presence of noise, and restoring nonlocal correlations requires additional resources. These often come in the form of many instances of the input state and joint measurements, incurring a significant resource overhead. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that single copies of Bell-local states, incapable of violating any standard Bell inequality, can give rise to nonlocality after being embedded into a quantum network of multiple parties. We subject the initial entangled state to a quantum channel that broadcasts part of the state to two independent receivers and certify the nonlocality in the resulting network by violating a tailored Bell-like inequality. We obtain these results without making any assumptions about the prepared states, the quantum channel, or the validity of quantum theory. Our findings have fundamental implications for nonlocality and enable the practical use of nonlocal correlations in real-world applications, even in scenarios dominated by noise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Villegas-Aguilar
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Emanuele Polino
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Farzad Ghafari
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | | | - Kiarn T Laverick
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Yugambeh Country, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Ian R Berkman
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sven Rogge
- Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lynden K Shalm
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA
| | - Nora Tischler
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Eric G Cavalcanti
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Yugambeh Country, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
| | - Sergei Slussarenko
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Geoff J Pryde
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Yuggera Country, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ding X, Zhao Z, Xie P, Cai D, Meng F, Wang C, Wu Q, Liu J, Burokur SN, Hu G. Metasurface-Based Optical Logic Operators Driven by Diffractive Neural Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308993. [PMID: 38032696 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel optical logic operator based on the multifunctional metasurface driven by all-optical diffractive neural network is reported, which can perform four principal quantum logic operations (Pauli-X, Pauli-Y, Pauli-Z, and Hadamard gates). The two ground states| 0 ⟩ $|0 \rangle $ and| 1 ⟩ $|1 \rangle $ are characterized by two orthogonal linear polarization states. The proposed spatial- and polarization-multiplexed all-optical diffractive neural network only contains a hidden layer physically mapped as a metasurface with simple and compact unit cells, which dramatically reduces the volume and computing resources required for the system. The designed optical quantum operator is proven to achieve high fidelities for all four quantum logical gates, up to 99.96% numerically and 99.88% experimentally. The solution will facilitate the construction of large-scale optical quantum computing systems and scalable optical quantum devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Ding
- Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Peng Xie
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dayu Cai
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Microwave Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Advanced Microscopy and Instrumentation Research Center, School of Instrumentation Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | | | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du FF, Ren XM, Ma M, Fan G. Qudit-based high-dimensional controlled-not gate. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:1229-1232. [PMID: 38426980 DOI: 10.1364/ol.518336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
High-dimensional quantum systems expand quantum channel capacity and information storage space. By implementing high-dimensional quantum logic gates, the speed of quantum computing can be practically enhanced. We propose a deterministic 4 × 4-dimensional controlled-not (CNOT) gate for a hybrid system without ancillary qudits required, where the spatial and polarization states of a single photon serve as a control qudit of four dimensions, whereas two electron-spin states in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers act as a four-dimensional target qudit. As the control qudits are easily operated employing simple optical elements and the target qudits are available for storage, the CNOT gate works in a deterministic way, and it can be flexibly extended to n × n-dimensional (n > 4) quantum gates for other hybrid systems or different photonic degrees of freedoms. The efficiency and fidelity of the CNOT gate are analyzed aligning with current technological capabilities, finding that they have satisfactory performances.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ge Z, Chung T, He YM, Benyoucef M, Huo Y. Polarized and Bright Telecom C-Band Single-Photon Source from InP-Based Quantum Dots Coupled to Elliptical Bragg Gratings. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1746-1752. [PMID: 38286024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Bright, polarized, and high-purity single-photon sources in telecom wavelengths are crucial components in long-distance quantum communication, optical quantum computation, and quantum networks. Semiconductor InAs/InP quantum dots (QDs) combined with photonic cavities provide a competitive path, leading to optimal single-photon sources in this range. Here, we demonstrate a bright and polarized single-photon source operating in the telecom C-band based on an elliptical Bragg grating (EBG) cavity. With a significant Purcell enhancement of 5.25 ± 0.05, the device achieves a polarization ratio of 0.986, a single-photon purity of g2(0) = 0.078 ± 0.016, and a single-polarized photon collection efficiency of ∼24% at the first lens (NA = 0.65) without blinking. These findings suggest that C-band QD-based single-photon sources are potential candidates for advancing quantum communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxuan Ge
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
| | - Tunghsun Chung
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ming He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohamed Benyoucef
- Institute of Nanostructure Technologies and Analytics (INA), Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Yongheng Huo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang Q, Liu J, Lyu D, Wang J. Ultrahigh-fidelity spatial mode quantum gates in high-dimensional space by diffractive deep neural networks. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:10. [PMID: 38177149 PMCID: PMC10767004 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01336-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
While the spatial mode of photons is widely used in quantum cryptography, its potential for quantum computation remains largely unexplored. Here, we showcase the use of the multi-dimensional spatial mode of photons to construct a series of high-dimensional quantum gates, achieved through the use of diffractive deep neural networks (D2NNs). Notably, our gates demonstrate high fidelity of up to 99.6(2)%, as characterized by quantum process tomography. Our experimental implementation of these gates involves a programmable array of phase layers in a compact and scalable device, capable of performing complex operations or even quantum circuits. We also demonstrate the efficacy of the D2NN gates by successfully implementing the Deutsch algorithm and propose an intelligent deployment protocol that involves self-configuration and self-optimization. Moreover, we conduct a comparative analysis of the D2NN gate's performance to the wave-front matching approach. Overall, our work opens a door for designing specific quantum gates using deep learning, with the potential for reliable execution of quantum computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianke Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dawei Lyu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics and School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khazali M. All-optical quantum information processing via a single-step Rydberg blockade gate. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13970-13980. [PMID: 37157271 DOI: 10.1364/oe.481256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the critical elements in the realization of the quantum internet are deterministic two-photon gates. This CZ photonic gate also completes a set of universal gates for all-optical quantum information processing. This article discusses an approach to realize a high fidelity CZ photonic gate by storing both control and target photons within an atomic ensemble using non-Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) followed by a fast, single-step Rydberg excitation with global lasers. The proposed scheme operates by relative intensity modulation of two lasers used in Rydberg excitation. Circumventing the conventional π-gap-π schemes, the proposed operation features continuous laser protection of the Rydberg atoms from the environment noise. The complete spatial overlap of stored photons inside the blockade radius optimizes the optical depth and simplifies the experiment. The coherent operation here is performed in the region that was dissipative in the previous Rydberg EIT schemes. Encountering the main imperfection sources, i.e., the spontaneous emission of the Rydberg and intermediate levels, population rotation errors, Doppler broadening of the transition lines, storage/retrieval efficiency, and atomic thermal motion induced decoherence, this article concludes that with realistic experimental parameters 99.7% fidelity is achievable.
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu ZF, Chen C, Xu JM, Cheng ZM, Ren ZC, Dong BW, Lou YC, Yang YX, Xue ST, Liu ZH, Zhu WZ, Wang XL, Wang HT. Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference between Two Hyperentangled Photons Enables Observation of Symmetric and Antisymmetric Particle Exchange Phases. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:263602. [PMID: 36608177 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a fundamental quantum effect with no classical counterpart. The existing research on two-photon interference was mainly limited in one degree of freedom (DOF); hence, it is still a challenge to realize quantum interference in multiple DOFs. Here, we demonstrate HOM interference between two hyperentangled photons in two DOFs of polarization and orbital angular momentum (OAM) for all 16 hyperentangled Bell states. We observe hyperentangled two-photon interference with a bunching effect for ten symmetric states (nine boson-boson states and one fermion-fermion state) and an antibunching effect for six antisymmetric states (three boson-fermion states and three fermion-boson states). More interestingly, expanding the Hilbert space by introducing an extra DOF for two photons enables one to transfer the unmeasurable external phase in the initial DOF to a measurable internal phase in the expanded two DOFs. We directly measured the symmetric exchange phases being 0.012±0.002, 0.025±0.002, and 0.027±0.002 in radian for the three boson states in OAM and the antisymmetric exchange phase being 0.991π±0.002 in radian for the other fermion state, as theoretical predictions. Our Letter may not only pave the way for more wide applications of quantum interference, but also develop new technologies by expanding Hilbert space in more DOFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Chao Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jia-Min Xu
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Mo Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Ren
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bo-Wen Dong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yan-Chao Lou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shu-Tian Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xi-Lin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui-Tian Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhu D, Chen C, Yu M, Shao L, Hu Y, Xin CJ, Yeh M, Ghosh S, He L, Reimer C, Sinclair N, Wong FNC, Zhang M, Lončar M. Spectral control of nonclassical light pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:327. [PMID: 36396629 PMCID: PMC9672118 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of heralded single-photon pulses using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range (±641 GHz or ±5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
| | - Changchen Chen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mengjie Yu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Linbo Shao
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Yaowen Hu
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - C J Xin
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Matthew Yeh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lingyan He
- HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Christian Reimer
- HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Neil Sinclair
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, and Alliance for Quantum Technologies (AQT), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Franco N C Wong
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mian Zhang
- HyperLight Corporation, 1 Bow Street, Suite 420, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Marko Lončar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang T, Jung J, Nam SH, Kim H, Kim JU, Kim N, Jeon S, Heo M, Shin J. Universal Metasurfaces for Complete Linear Control of Coherent Light Transmission. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204085. [PMID: 36063536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in metasurfaces and optical nanostructures have enabled complex control of incident light with optically thin devices. However, it has thus far been unclear whether it is possible to achieve complete linear control of coherent light transmission, that is, independent control of polarization, amplitude, and phase for both input polarization states, with just a single, thin nanostructure array. Here, it is proved possible, and a universal metasurface is proposed, a bilayer array of high-index elliptic cylinders that possesses a complete degree of optical freedom with fully designable chirality and anisotropy. The completeness of achievable light control is mathematically shown with corresponding Jones matrices, new types of 3D holographic schemes that were formerly impossible are experimentally demonstrated, and a systematic way of realizing any input-state-sensitive vector linear optical device is presented. The results unlock previously inaccessible degrees of freedom in light transmission control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyong Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonkyo Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suwan Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsung Heo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghwa Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Continuous entanglement distribution over a transnational 248 km fiber link. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6134. [PMID: 36253474 PMCID: PMC9576737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable long-distance distribution of entanglement is a key technique for many quantum applications, most notably quantum key distribution. Here, we present a continuously working, trusted-node free international link between Austria and Slovakia, directly distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs via 248 km of deployed telecommunication fiber. Despite 79 dB loss, we observe stable detected pair rates of 9 s−1 over 110 h. We mitigate multi-pair detections with strict temporal filtering, enabled by nonlocal compensation of chromatic dispersion and superconducting nanowire detectors. Fully automatized active polarization stabilization keeps the entangled state’s visibility at 86% for altogether 82 h. In a quantum cryptography context, this corresponds to an asymptotic secure key rate of 1.4 bits/s and 258 kbit of total key, considering finite-key effects. Our work paves the way for low-maintenance, ultra-stable quantum communication over long distances, independent of weather conditions and time of day, thus constituting an important step towards the quantum internet. Fibre-based entanglement distribution represents a key primitive for quantum applications such as QKD. Here, the authors demonstrate it across 248 km of deployed fiber, observing stable detected pair rates of 9 Hz for 110 h.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kesorn A, Hunkao R, Tivakornsasithorn K, Sinsarp A, Sukkabot W, Suwanna S. Dynamical Behavior of Two Interacting Double Quantum Dots in 2D Materials for Feasibility of Controlled-NOT Operation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3599. [PMID: 36296789 PMCID: PMC9610695 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Two interacting double quantum dots (DQDs) can be suitable candidates for operation in the applications of quantum information processing and computation. In this work, DQDs are modeled by the heterostructure of two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 having 1T-phase embedded in 2H-phase with the aim to investigate the feasibility of controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate operation with the Coulomb interaction. The Hamiltonian of the system is constructed by two models, namely the 2D electronic potential model and the 4×4 matrix model whose matrix elements are computed from the approximated two-level systems interaction. The dynamics of states are carried out by the Crank-Nicolson method in the potential model and by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method in the matrix model. Model parameters are analyzed to optimize the CNOT operation feasibility and fidelity, and investigate the behaviors of DQDs in different regimes. Results from both models are in excellent agreement, indicating that the constructed matrix model can be used to simulate dynamical behaviors of two interacting DQDs with lower computational resources. For CNOT operation, the two DQD systems with the Coulomb interaction are feasible, though optimization of engineering parameters is needed to achieve optimal fidelity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniwat Kesorn
- Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rutchapon Hunkao
- Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kritsanu Tivakornsasithorn
- Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Asawin Sinsarp
- Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Worasak Sukkabot
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
| | - Sujin Suwanna
- Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Demonstration of a two-bit controlled-NOT quantum-like gate using classical acoustic qubit-analogues. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14066. [PMID: 35982078 PMCID: PMC9388580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is the key to unlock the power of quantum computing as it is a fundamental component of a universal set of gates. We demonstrate the operation of a two-bit C-NOT quantum-like gate using classical qubit acoustic analogues, called herein logical phi-bits. The logical phi-bits are supported by an externally driven nonlinear acoustic metamaterial composed of a parallel array of three elastically coupled waveguides. A logical phi-bit has a two-state degree of freedom associated with the two independent relative phases of the acoustic wave in the three waveguides. A simple physical manipulation involving the detuning of the frequency of one of the external drivers is shown to operate on the complex vectors in the Hilbert space of pairs of logical phi-bits. This operation achieves a systematic and predictable C-NOT gate with unambiguously measurable input and output. The possibility of scaling the approach to more phi-bits is promising.
Collapse
|
16
|
High-fidelity photonic quantum logic gate based on near-optimal Rydberg single-photon source. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4454. [PMID: 35915059 PMCID: PMC9343406 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other types of qubits, photon is one of a kind due to its unparalleled advantages in long-distance quantum information exchange. Therefore, photon is a natural candidate for building a large-scale, modular optical quantum computer operating at room temperature. However, low-fidelity two-photon quantum logic gates and their probabilistic nature result in a large resource overhead for fault tolerant quantum computation. While the probabilistic problem can, in principle, be solved by employing multiplexing and error correction, the fidelity of linear-optical quantum logic gate is limited by the imperfections of single photons. Here, we report the demonstration of a linear-optical quantum logic gate with truth table fidelity of 99.84(3)% and entangling gate fidelity of 99.69(4)% post-selected upon the detection of photons. The achieved high gate fidelities are made possible by our near-optimal Rydberg single-photon source. Our work paves the way for scalable photonic quantum applications based on near-optimal single-photon qubits and photon-photon gates. The current main source of errors for photonic quantum logic gates is the imperfections of the single photons. Here, by using high-quality photons from Rydberg atoms, the authors are able to reach 99.7% entangling gate fidelity in a photonic CNOT gate.
Collapse
|
17
|
Plöschner M, Morote MM, Dahl DS, Mounaix M, Light G, Rakić AD, Carpenter J. Spatial tomography of light resolved in time, spectrum, and polarisation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4294. [PMID: 35879290 PMCID: PMC9314355 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring polarisation, spectrum, temporal dynamics, and spatial complex amplitude of optical beams is essential to studying phenomena in laser dynamics, telecommunications and nonlinear optics. Current characterisation techniques apply in limited contexts. Non-interferometric methods struggle to distinguish spatial phase, while phase-sensitive approaches necessitate either an auxiliary reference source or a self-reference, neither of which is universally available. Deciphering complex wavefronts of multiple co-propagating incoherent fields remains particularly challenging. We harness principles of spatial state tomography to circumvent these limitations and measure a complete description of an unknown beam as a set of spectrally, temporally, and polarisation resolved spatial state density matrices. Each density matrix slice resolves the spatial complex amplitude of multiple mutually incoherent fields, which over several slices reveals the spectral or temporal evolution of these fields even when fields spectrally or temporally overlap. We demonstrate these features by characterising the spatiotemporal and spatiospectral output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. The work harnesses principles of spatial state tomography to fully characterise an optical beam in space, time, spectrum, and polarisation. Analysis of the output of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser illustrates the technique’s capabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Plöschner
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Marcos Maestre Morote
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Stephen Dahl
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mickael Mounaix
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Greta Light
- II-VI Incorporated, 48800 Milmont Dr., Fremont, CA, 94538, USA
| | - Aleksandar D Rakić
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Joel Carpenter
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Babushkin I, Demircan A, Kues M, Morgner U. Wave-Shape-Tolerant Photonic Quantum Gates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:090502. [PMID: 35302801 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.090502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photons, acting as "flying qubits" in propagation geometries such as waveguides, appear unavoidably in the form of wave packets (pulses). The actual shape of the photonic wave packet as well as possible temporal and spectral correlations between the photons play a critical role in successful scalable computation. Currently, unentangled indistinguishable photons are considered a suitable resource for scalable photonic circuits. Here we show that using so-called coherent photon conversion, it is possible to construct flying-qubit gates which are not only insensitive to wave shapes of the photons and temporal and spectral correlations between them but which also fully preserve these wave shapes and correlations upon the processing. This allows the use of photons with correlations and purity in a very broad range for a scalable computation. Moreover, such gates can process entangled photonic wave packets even more effectively than unentangled ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Babushkin
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Strasse 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - A Demircan
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Kues
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Photonics, Leibniz University Hannover, Nienburgerstrasse 17, 30519 Hannover, Germany
| | - U Morgner
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Feng LT, Zhang M, Xiong X, Liu D, Cheng YJ, Jing FM, Qi XZ, Chen Y, He DY, Guo GP, Guo GC, Dai DX, Ren XF. Transverse Mode-Encoded Quantum Gate on a Silicon Photonic Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:060501. [PMID: 35213196 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As an important degree of freedom (d.o.f.) in photonic integrated circuits, the orthogonal transverse mode provides a promising and flexible way to increase communication capability, for both classical and quantum information processing. To construct large-scale on-chip multimode multi-d.o.f.s quantum systems, a transverse mode-encoded controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is necessary. Here, with the help of our new transverse mode-dependent directional coupler and attenuator, we demonstrate the first multimode implementation of a 2-qubit quantum gate. The ability of the gate is demonstrated by entangling two separated transverse mode qubits with an average fidelity of 0.89±0.02 and the achievement of 10 standard deviations of violations in the quantum nonlocality verification. In addition, a fidelity of 0.82±0.01 is obtained from quantum process tomography used to completely characterize the CNOT gate. Our work paves the way for universal transverse mode-encoded quantum operations and large-scale multimode multi-d.o.f.s quantum systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Tian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fang-Ming Jing
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao-Zhuo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - De-Yong He
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dao-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xi-Feng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ecker S, Sohr P, Bulla L, Huber M, Bohmann M, Ursin R. Experimental Single-Copy Entanglement Distillation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:040506. [PMID: 34355974 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of entanglement marks one of the furthest departures from classical physics and is indispensable for quantum information processing. Despite its fundamental importance, the distribution of entanglement over long distances through photons is unfortunately hindered by unavoidable decoherence effects. Entanglement distillation is a means of restoring the quality of such diluted entanglement by concentrating it into a pair of qubits. Conventionally, this would be done by distributing multiple photon pairs and distilling the entanglement into a single pair. Here, we turn around this paradigm by utilizing pairs of single photons entangled in multiple degrees of freedom. Specifically, we make use of the polarization and the energy-time domain of photons, both of which are extensively field tested. We experimentally chart the domain of distillable states and achieve relative fidelity gains up to 13.8%. Compared to the two-copy scheme, the distillation rate of our single-copy scheme is several orders of magnitude higher, paving the way towards high-capacity and noise-resilient quantum networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ecker
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Sohr
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Bulla
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Huber
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Vienna University of Technology, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bohmann
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Ursin
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han YH, Cao C, Fan L, Zhang R. Heralded high-fidelity quantum hyper-CNOT gates assisted by charged quantum dots inside single-sided optical microcavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:20045-20062. [PMID: 34266103 DOI: 10.1364/oe.426325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photonic hyper-parallel quantum information processing (QIP) can simplify the quantum circuit and improve the information-processing speed, as well as reduce the quantum resource consumption and suppress the photonic dissipation noise. Here, utilizing the singly charged semiconductor quantum dot (QD) inside single-sided optical microcavity as the potentially experimental platform, we propose five schemes for heralded four-qubit hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates, covering all cases of four-qubit hyper-CNOT gates operated on both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DoFs) of a two-photon system. The novel heralding mechanism improves the fidelity of each hyper-CNOT gate to unity in principle without the strict restriction of strong coupling. The adaptability and scalability of the schemes make the hyper-CNOT gates more accessible under current experimental technologies. These heralded high-fidelity photonic hyper-CNOT gates can therefore have immense utilization potentials in high-capacity quantum communication and fast quantum computing, which are of far-reaching significance for QIP.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu J, Zhong C, Han X, Jin D, Jiang L, Zhang X. Coherent Gate Operations in Hybrid Magnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:207202. [PMID: 34110202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnonics-the hybridization of spin excitations and electromagnetic waves-has been recognized as a promising candidate for coherent information processing in recent years. Among its various implementations, the lack of available approaches for real-time manipulation on the system dynamics has become a common and urgent limitation. In this work, by introducing a fast and uniform modulation technique, we successfully demonstrate a series of benchmark coherent gate operations in hybrid magnonics, including semiclassical analogies of Landau-Zener transitions, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey interference, and controlled mode swap operations. Our approach lays the groundwork for dynamical manipulation of coherent signals in hybrid magnonics and can be generalized to a broad range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changchun Zhong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li JP, Gu X, Qin J, Wu D, You X, Wang H, Schneider C, Höfling S, Huo YH, Lu CY, Liu NL, Li L, Pan JW. Heralded Nondestructive Quantum Entangling Gate with Single-Photon Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:140501. [PMID: 33891463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.140501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heralded entangling quantum gates are an essential element for the implementation of large-scale optical quantum computation. Yet, the experimental demonstration of genuine heralded entangling gates with free-flying output photons in linear optical system, was hindered by the intrinsically probabilistic source and double-pair emission in parametric down-conversion. Here, by using an on-demand single-photon source based on a semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a micropillar cavity, we demonstrate a heralded controlled-NOT (CNOT) operation between two single photons for the first time. To characterize the performance of the CNOT gate, we estimate its average quantum gate fidelity of (87.8±1.2)%. As an application, we generated event-ready Bell states with a fidelity of (83.4±2.4)%. Our results are an important step towards the development of photon-photon quantum logic gates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Peng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xuemei Gu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Dian Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Xiang You
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Christian Schneider
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky University, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Technische Physik, Physikalische Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Technische Physik, Physikalische Institut and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yong-Heng Huo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang M, Feng L, Li M, Chen Y, Zhang L, He D, Guo G, Guo G, Ren X, Dai D. Supercompact Photonic Quantum Logic Gate on a Silicon Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:130501. [PMID: 33861097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.130501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To build universal quantum computers, an essential step is to realize the so-called controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate. Quantum photonic integrated circuits are well recognized as an attractive technology offering great promise for achieving large-scale quantum information processing, due to the potential for high fidelity, high efficiency, and compact footprints. Here, we demonstrate a supercompact integrated quantum CNOT gate on silicon by using the concept of symmetry breaking of a six-channel waveguide superlattice. The present path-encoded quantum CNOT gate is implemented with a footprint of 4.8×4.45 μm^{2} (∼3λ×3λ) as well as a high-process fidelity of ∼0.925 and a low excess loss of <0.2 dB. The footprint is shrunk significantly by ∼10 000 times compared to those previous results based on dielectric waveguides. This offers the possibility of realizing practical large-scale quantum information processes and paving the way to the applications across fundamental science and quantum technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lantian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Deyong He
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guoping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guangcan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Daoxin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Ningbo Research Institute, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Evaluating Machine Learning Approaches for Discovering Optimal Sets of Projection Operators for Quantum State Tomography of Qubit Systems. CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/cait-2020-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Finding optimal measurement schemes in quantum state tomography is a fundamental problem in quantum computation. It is known that for non-degenerate operators the optimal measurement scheme is based on mutually unbiassed bases. This paper is a follow up from our previous work, where we use standard numerical approaches to look for optimal measurement schemes, where the measurement operators are projections on individual pure quantum states. In this paper we demonstrate the usefulness of several machine learning techniques – reinforcement learning and parallel machine learning approaches, to discover measurement schemes, which are significantly better than the ones discovered by standard numerical methods in our previous work. The high-performing quorums of projection operators we have discovered have complex structure and symmetries, which may imply that the optimal solution will possess such symmetries.
Collapse
|
26
|
Frick S, McMillan A, Rarity J. Quantum rangefinding. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:37118-37128. [PMID: 33379552 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum light generated in non-degenerate squeezers has many applications such as sub-shot-noise transmission measurements to maximise the information extracted by one photon or quantum illumination to increase the probability in target detection. However, any application thus far fails to consider the thermal characteristics of one half of the bipartite down-converted photon state often used in these experiments. We show here that a maximally mixed state, normally viewed as nuisance, can indeed be used to extract information about the position of an object while at the same time providing efficient camouflaging against other thermal or background light.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tang JF, Hou Z, Shang J, Zhu H, Xiang GY, Li CF, Guo GC. Experimental Optimal Orienteering via Parallel and Antiparallel Spins. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:060502. [PMID: 32109089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antiparallel spins are superior in orienteering to parallel spins. This intriguing phenomenon is tied to entanglement associated with quantum measurements rather than quantum states. Using photonic systems, we experimentally realize the optimal orienteering protocols based on parallel spins and antiparallel spins, respectively. The optimal entangling measurements for decoding the direction information from parallel spins and antiparallel spins are realized using photonic quantum walks, which is a useful idea that is of wide interest in quantum information processing and foundational studies. Our experiments clearly demonstrate the advantage of antiparallel spins over parallel spins in orienteering. In addition, entangling measurements can extract more information than local measurements even if no entanglement is present in the quantum states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Feng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhibo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiangwei Shang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huangjun Zhu
- Department of Physics and Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guo-Yong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Harnchaiwat N, Zhu F, Westerberg N, Gauger E, Leach J. Tracking the polarisation state of light via Hong-Ou-Mandel interferometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:2210-2220. [PMID: 32121916 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We provide a statistically robust and accurate framework to measure and track the polarisation state of light employing Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. This is achieved by combining the concepts of maximum likelihood estimation and Fisher information applied to photon detection events. Such an approach ensures that the Cramér-Rao bound is saturated and changes to the polarisation state are established in an optimal manner. Using this method, we show that changes in the linear polarisation state can be measured with 0.6 arcminute precision (0.01 degrees).
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Du FF, Shi ZR. Robust hybrid hyper-controlled-not gates assisted by an input-output process of low-Q cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17493-17506. [PMID: 31252708 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The two or more degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of photon systems are very useful in hyperparallel photonic quantum computing to accomplish more quantum logic gate operations with less resource, and depress photonic dissipation noise in quantum information processing. We present some flexible and adjustable schemes for hybrid hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates assisted by low-Q cavities, on the two-photon systems in both the spatial-mode and the polarization DOFs. These hybrid spatial-polarization hyper-CNOT gates consume less quantum resource and are more robust against photonic dissipation noise, compared with the integration of two cascaded CNOT gates in one DOF. Besides, simultaneous counter-propagation of two photons economize extremely the operation time in the whole process of our schemes. Moreover, these quantum logic gates are more feasible for fast quantum operations in the weak-coupling region of the low-Q cavities with current experimental technology, which are much different from strong-coupling cases of the high-Q ones.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yoon J, Lee T, Choi JW. Development of Bioelectronic Devices Using Bionanohybrid Materials for Biocomputation System. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10050347. [PMID: 31137779 PMCID: PMC6562802 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices have been researched widely because of their potential applications, such as information storage devices, biosensors, diagnosis systems, organism-mimicking processing system cell chips, and neural-mimicking systems. Introducing biomolecules including proteins, DNA, and RNA on silicon-based substrates has shown the powerful potential for granting various functional properties to chips, including specific functional electronic properties. Until now, to extend and improve their properties and performance, organic and inorganic materials such as graphene and gold nanoparticles have been combined with biomolecules. In particular, bionanohybrid materials that are composed of biomolecules and other materials have been researched because they can perform core roles of information storage and signal processing in bioelectronic devices using the unique properties derived from biomolecules. This review discusses bioelectronic devices related to computation systems such as biomemory, biologic gates, and bioprocessors based on bionanohybrid materials with a selective overview of recent research. This review contains a new direction for the development of bioelectronic devices to develop biocomputation systems using biomolecules in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang GY, Li T, Ai Q, Deng FG. Self-error-corrected hyperparallel photonic quantum computation working with both the polarization and the spatial-mode degrees of freedom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:23333-23346. [PMID: 30184985 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.023333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Usually, the hyperparallel quantum computation can speed up quantum computing, reduce the quantum resource consumed largely, resist to noise, and simplify the storage of quantum information. Here, we present the first scheme for the self-error-corrected hyperparallel photonic quantum computation working with both the polarization and the spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photon systems simultaneously. It can prevent bit-flip errors from happening with an imperfect nonlinear interaction in the nearly realistic condition. We give the way to design the universal hyperparallel photonic quantum controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate on a two-photon system, resorting to the nonlinear interaction between the circularly polarized photon and the electron spin in the quantum dot in a double-sided microcavity system, by taking the imperfect interaction in the nearly realistic condition into account. Its self-error-corrected pattern prevents the bit-flip errors from happening in the hyperparallel quantum CNOT gate, guarantees the robust fidelity, and relaxes the requirement for its experiment. Meanwhile, this scheme works in a failure-heralded way. Also, we generalize this approach to achieve the self-error-corrected hyperparallel quantum CNOTN gate working on a multiple-photon system. These good features make this scheme more useful in the photonic quantum computation and quantum communication in the future.
Collapse
|
33
|
Rambach M, Lau WYS, Laibacher S, Tamma V, White AG, Weinhold TJ. Hectometer Revivals of Quantum Interference. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:093603. [PMID: 30230888 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.093603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-enhanced single photon sources exhibit mode-locked biphoton states with comblike correlation functions. Our ultrabright source additionally emits single photon pairs as well as two-photon NOON states, dividing the output into an even and an odd comb, respectively. With even-comb photons we demonstrate revivals of the typical nonclassical Hong-Ou-Mandel interference up to the 84th dip, corresponding to a path length difference exceeding 100 m. With odd-comb photons we observe single photon interference fringes modulated over twice the displacement range of the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rambach
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - W Y Sarah Lau
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Simon Laibacher
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89069, Germany
| | - Vincenzo Tamma
- Institut für Quantenphysik and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), Universität Ulm, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg 89069, Germany
- Faculty of Science, SEES and Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire PO1 2UP, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G White
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Till J Weinhold
- ARC Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hu XM, Guo Y, Liu BH, Huang YF, Li CF, Guo GC. Beating the channel capacity limit for superdense coding with entangled ququarts. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaat9304. [PMID: 30035231 PMCID: PMC6054506 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat9304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantum superdense coding protocols enhance channel capacity by using shared quantum entanglement between two users. The channel capacity can be as high as 2 when one uses entangled qubits. However, this limit can be surpassed by using high-dimensional entanglement. We report an experiment that exceeds the limit using high-quality entangled ququarts with fidelities up to 0.98, demonstrating a channel capacity of 2.09 ± 0.01. The measured channel capacity is also higher than that obtained when transmitting only one ququart. We use the setup to transmit a five-color image with a fidelity of 0.952. Our experiment shows the great advantage of high-dimensional entanglement and will stimulate research on high-dimensional quantum information processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi-Heng Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author. (B.-H.L.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author. (B.-H.L.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Geometric metasurface enabling polarization independent beam splitting. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9468. [PMID: 29930258 PMCID: PMC6013463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27876-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A polarization independent holographic beam splitter that generates equal-intensity beams based on geometric metasurface is demonstrated. Although conventional geometric metasurfaces have the advantages of working over a broad frequency range and having intuitive design principles, geometric metasurfaces have the limitation that they only work for circular polarization. In this work, Fourier holography is used to overcome this limitation. A perfect overlap resulting from the origin-symmetry of the encoded image enables polarization independent operation of geometric metasurfaces. The designed metasurface beam splitter is experimentally demonstrated by using hydrogenated amorphous silicon, and the device performs consistent beam splitting regardless of incident polarizations as well as wavelengths. Our device can be applied to generate equal-intensity beams for entangled photon light sources in quantum optics, and the design approach provides a way to develop ultra-thin broadband polarization independent components for modern optics.
Collapse
|
36
|
Imany P, Odele OD, Alshaykh MS, Lu HH, Leaird DE, Weiner AM. Frequency-domain Hong-Ou-Mandel interference with linear optics. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2760-2763. [PMID: 29905682 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is one of the most fundamental quantum-mechanical effects that reveal a nonclassical behavior of single photons. Two identical photons that are incident on the input ports of an unbiased beam splitter always exit the beam splitter together from the same output port, an effect referred to as photon bunching. In this Letter, we utilize a single electro-optic phase modulator as a probabilistic frequency beam splitter, which we exploit to observe HOM interference between two photons that are in different spectral modes, yet are identical in other characteristics. Our approach enables linear optical quantum information processing protocols using the frequency degree of freedom in photons such as quantum computing techniques with linear optics.
Collapse
|
37
|
Bäuerle C, Christian Glattli D, Meunier T, Portier F, Roche P, Roulleau P, Takada S, Waintal X. Coherent control of single electrons: a review of current progress. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:056503. [PMID: 29355831 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aaa98a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this report we review the present state of the art of the control of propagating quantum states at the single-electron level and its potential application to quantum information processing. We give an overview of the different approaches that have been developed over the last few years in order to gain full control over a propagating single-electron in a solid-state system. After a brief introduction of the basic concepts, we present experiments on flying qubit circuits for ensemble of electrons measured in the low frequency (DC) limit. We then present the basic ingredients necessary to realise such experiments at the single-electron level. This includes a review of the various single-electron sources that have been developed over the last years and which are compatible with integrated single-electron circuits. This is followed by a review of recent key experiments on electron quantum optics with single electrons. Finally we will present recent developments in the new physics that has emerged using ultrashort voltage pulses. We conclude our review with an outlook and future challenges in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bäuerle
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Deterministic realization of collective measurements via photonic quantum walks. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1414. [PMID: 29650977 PMCID: PMC5897416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03849-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective measurements on identically prepared quantum systems can extract more information than local measurements, thereby enhancing information-processing efficiency. Although this nonclassical phenomenon has been known for two decades, it has remained a challenging task to demonstrate the advantage of collective measurements in experiments. Here, we introduce a general recipe for performing deterministic collective measurements on two identically prepared qubits based on quantum walks. Using photonic quantum walks, we realize experimentally an optimized collective measurement with fidelity 0.9946 without post selection. As an application, we achieve the highest tomographic efficiency in qubit state tomography to date. Our work offers an effective recipe for beating the precision limit of local measurements in quantum state tomography and metrology. In addition, our study opens an avenue for harvesting the power of collective measurements in quantum information-processing and for exploring the intriguing physics behind this power. Demonstrating the advantage of collective measurements in experiments remains a daunting task. Here the authors introduce a general recipe for performing deterministic collective measurements on two identically prepared qubits based on quantum walks.
Collapse
|
39
|
Stárek R, Miková M, Straka I, Dušek M, Ježek M, Fiurášek J, Mičuda M. Experimental realization of SWAP operation on hyper-encoded qubits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:8443-8452. [PMID: 29715811 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.008443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-encoding enables storing several qubits in a single photon using its different degrees of freedom like polarization and spatial ones. This approach enables feasible implementation of multi-qubit operations. One of the basic manipulations of two or more qubits is to swap their quantum state. Here we report on feasible and stable experimental implementation of a deterministic single photon two-qubit SWAP gate that interchanges path and polarization qubits. We discuss the principle of its operation and give detailed information about experimental demonstration employing two Mach-Zehnder interferometers with one common arm. The gate characterization is done by full quantum process tomography using photons produced by heralded single-photon source. The achieved quantum process fidelity reached more than 0.94 with an effective phase uncertainty of the whole setup, evaluated by means of Allan deviation, below 2.5 deg for 2.5 h without any active stabilization. Our design provides a contribution to the hyper-encoded linear quantum optics toolbox.
Collapse
|
40
|
Flórez J, Carlson NJ, Nacke CH, Giner L, Lundeen JS. A variable partially polarizing beam splitter. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:023108. [PMID: 29495806 DOI: 10.1063/1.5004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present designs for variably polarizing beam splitters. These are beam splitters allowing the complete and independent control of the horizontal and vertical polarization splitting ratios. They have quantum optics and quantum information applications, such as quantum logic gates for quantum computing and non-local measurements for quantum state estimation. At the heart of each design is an interferometer. We experimentally demonstrate one particular implementation, a displaced Sagnac interferometer configuration, that provides an inherent instability to air currents and vibrations. Furthermore, this design does not require any custom-made optics but only common components which can be easily found in an optics laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Flórez
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nathan J Carlson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Codey H Nacke
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lambert Giner
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jeff S Lundeen
- Department of Physics and Centre for Research in Photonics, University of Ottawa, 25 Templeton Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Imany P, Jaramillo-Villegas JA, Odele OD, Han K, Leaird DE, Lukens JM, Lougovski P, Qi M, Weiner AM. 50-GHz-spaced comb of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photons from an on-chip silicon nitride microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1825-1840. [PMID: 29401906 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum frequency combs from chip-scale integrated sources are promising candidates for scalable and robust quantum information processing (QIP). However, to use these quantum combs for frequency domain QIP, demonstration of entanglement in the frequency basis, showing that the entangled photons are in a coherent superposition of multiple frequency bins, is required. We present a verification of qubit and qutrit frequency-bin entanglement using an on-chip quantum frequency comb with 40 mode pairs, through a two-photon interference measurement that is based on electro-optic phase modulation. Our demonstrations provide an important contribution in establishing integrated optical microresonators as a source for high-dimensional frequency-bin encoded quantum computing, as well as dense quantum key distribution.
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
We experimentally study a Stub photonic lattice and excite their localized linear states originated from an isolated Flat Band at the center of the linear spectrum. By exciting these modes in different regions of the lattice, we observe that they do not diffract across the system and remain well trapped after propagating along the crystal. By using their wave nature, we are able to combine – in phase and out of phase – two neighbor states into a coherent superposition. These observations allow us to propose a novel setup for performing three different all-optical logical operations such as OR, AND, and XOR, positioning Flat Band systems as key setups to perform all-optical operations at any level of power.
Collapse
|
43
|
Cantarella G, Klitis C, Sorel M, Strain MJ. Silicon photonic filters with high rejection of both TE and TM modes for on-chip four wave mixing applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:19711-19720. [PMID: 29041659 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.019711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wavelength selective filters represent one of the key elements for photonic integrated circuits (PIC) and many of their applications in linear and non-linear optics. In devices optimised for single polarisation operation, cross-polarisation scattering can significantly limit the achievable filter rejection. An on-chip filter consisting of elements to filter both TE and TM polarisations is demonstrated, based on a cascaded ring resonator geometry, which exhibits a high total optical rejection of over 60 dB. Monolithic integration of a cascaded ring filter with a four-wave mixing micro-ring device is also experimentally demonstrated with a FWM efficiency of -22dB and pump filter extinction of 62dB.
Collapse
|
44
|
De Santis L, Antón C, Reznychenko B, Somaschi N, Coppola G, Senellart J, Gómez C, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, White AG, Lanco L, Auffèves A, Senellart P. A solid-state single-photon filter. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:663-667. [PMID: 28507332 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A strong limitation of linear optical quantum computing is the probabilistic operation of two-quantum-bit gates based on the coalescence of indistinguishable photons. A route to deterministic operation is to exploit the single-photon nonlinearity of an atomic transition. Through engineering of the atom-photon interaction, phase shifters, photon filters and photon-photon gates have been demonstrated with natural atoms. Proofs of concept have been reported with semiconductor quantum dots, yet limited by inefficient atom-photon interfaces and dephasing. Here, we report a highly efficient single-photon filter based on a large optical nonlinearity at the single-photon level, in a near-optimal quantum-dot cavity interface. When probed with coherent light wavepackets, the device shows a record nonlinearity threshold around 0.3 ± 0.1 incident photons. We demonstrate that 80% of the directly reflected light intensity consists of a single-photon Fock state and that the two- and three-photon components are strongly suppressed compared with the single-photon one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo De Santis
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Carlos Antón
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Bogdan Reznychenko
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL, Nanophysics and Semiconductors group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes &CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Niccolo Somaschi
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Guillaume Coppola
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | | | - Carmen Gómez
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Isabelle Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Andrew G White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Loïc Lanco
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL, Nanophysics and Semiconductors group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes &CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pascale Senellart
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ren BC, Deng FG. Robust hyperparallel photonic quantum entangling gate with cavity QED. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10863-10873. [PMID: 28788774 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the balance condition of the diamond nitrogen vacancy center embedded in an optical cavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics, we present a robust hyperparallel photonic controlled-phase-flip gate for a two-photon system in both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DOFs), in which the noise caused by the inequality of two reflection coefficients can be depressed efficiently. This gate doubles the quantum entangling operation synchronously on a photon system and can reduce the quantum resources consumed largely and depress the photonic dissipation efficiently, compared with the two cascade quantum entangling gates in one DOF. It has a near unit fidelity. Moreover, we show that the balance condition can be obtained in both the weak coupling regime and the strong coupling regime, and the high-fidelity quantum gate operation is easier to be realized in the balance condition than the ones in the ideal condition in experiment.
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu JH, Zhang YB, Yu YF, Zhang ZM. Entangling cavity optomechanical systems via a flying atom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:7592-7603. [PMID: 28380879 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.007592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel scheme to generate the entanglement between two cavity optomechanical systems (COMSs) via a flying two-level atom. We derive the analytical expressions for the generated entangled states. We find that there exist two processes for generating entanglement: one is the entanglement transfer between the two phonon-modes, and the other is the entanglement swapping-like process among the two photon-modes and the two phonon-modes. We analyze these two kinds of phenomena, respectively, by adjusting the distance between the two COMSs. Then we discuss the verification of the generated entangled states of the two COMSs, and analyze the decoherence of the generated entangled states. Finally, we discuss the experimental feasibility of our proposal.
Collapse
|
47
|
Forbes KA, Ford JS, Andrews DL. Nonlocalized Generation of Correlated Photon Pairs in Degenerate Down-Conversion. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:133602. [PMID: 28409956 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.133602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The achievement of optimum conversion efficiency in conventional spontaneous parametric down-conversion requires consideration of quantum processes that entail multisite electrodynamic coupling, actively taking place within the conversion material. The physical mechanism, which operates through virtual photon propagation, provides for photon pairs to be emitted from spatially separated sites of photon interaction; occasionally pairs are produced in which each photon emerges from a different point in space. The extent of such nonlocalized generation is influenced by individual variations in both distance and phase correlation. Mathematical analysis of the global contributions from this mechanism provides a quantitative measure for a degree of positional uncertainty in the origin of down-converted emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayn A Forbes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jack S Ford
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - David L Andrews
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Implementation of a quantum controlled-SWAP gate with photonic circuits. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45353. [PMID: 28361950 PMCID: PMC5374448 DOI: 10.1038/srep45353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum information science addresses how the processing and transmission of information are affected by uniquely quantum mechanical phenomena. Combination of two-qubit gates has been used to realize quantum circuits, however, scalability is becoming a critical problem. The use of three-qubit gates may simplify the structure of quantum circuits dramatically. Among them, the controlled-SWAP (Fredkin) gates are essential since they can be directly applied to important protocols, e.g., error correction, fingerprinting, and optimal cloning. Here we report a realization of the Fredkin gate for photonic qubits. We achieve a fidelity of 0.85 in the computational basis and an output state fidelity of 0.81 for a 3-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state. The estimated process fidelity of 0.77 indicates that our Fredkin gate can be applied to various quantum tasks.
Collapse
|
49
|
Cassano M, D'angelo M, Garuccio A, Peng T, Shih Y, Tamma V. Spatial interference between pairs of disjoint optical paths with a single chaotic source. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6589-6603. [PMID: 28381006 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel second-order spatial interference effect between two indistinguishable pairs of disjoint optical paths from a single chaotic source. Beside providing a deeper understanding of the physics of multi-photon interference and coherence, the effect enables retrieving information on both the spatial structure and the relative position of two distant double-pinhole masks, in the absence of first order coherence. We also demonstrate the exploitation of the phenomenon for simulating quantum logic gates, including a controlled-NOT gate operation.
Collapse
|
50
|
|