1
|
Sabour B, Wagner RJV, Krüger BC, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T, Park GB. Vibrationally Mode-Specific Molecular Energy Transfer to Surface Electrons in Metastable Formaldehyde Scattering from Cesium-Covered Au(111). J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4976-4983. [PMID: 38850250 PMCID: PMC11215783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic interaction of adsorbate nuclear motion with the continuum of electronic states is known to affect the dynamics of chemical reactions at metal surfaces. A large body of work has probed the fundamental mechanisms of such interactions for atomic and diatomic molecules at surfaces. In polyatomic molecules, the possibility of mode-specific damping of vibrational motion due to the effects of electronic friction raises the question of whether such interactions could profoundly affect the outcome of chemistry at surfaces by selectively removing energy from a particular intramolecular adsorbate mode. However, to date, there have not been any fundamental experiments demonstrating nonadiabatic electron-vibration coupling in a polyatomic molecule at a surface. In this work, we scatter excited metastable formaldehyde and formaldehyde-d2 from a low work function surface and detect ejected exoelectrons that accompany molecular relaxation. The exoelectron ejection efficiency exhibits a strong dependence on the vibrational mode that is excited: out-of-plane bending excitation (ν4) leads to significantly more exoelectrons than does CO stretching excitation (ν2). The results provide clear evidence for mode-specific energy transfer from vibration to surface electrons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Sabour
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Box 41061 Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Roman J. V. Wagner
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Bastian C. Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- International
Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Institut für physikalische Chemie, Tammanstr. 6, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - G. Barratt Park
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Box 41061 Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Multidisziplinäre Naturwissenschaften, Am Faßberg 11, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rahinov I, Kandratsenka A, Schäfer T, Shirhatti P, Golibrzuch K, Wodtke AM. Vibrational energy transfer in collisions of molecules with metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15090-15114. [PMID: 38757203 PMCID: PMC11135613 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00957f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA), which serves as the basis for our understanding of chemical bonding, reactivity and dynamics, is routinely violated for vibrationally inelastic scattering of molecules at metal surfaces. The title-field therefore represents a fascinating challenge to our conventional wisdom calling for new concepts that involve explicit electron dynamics occurring in concert with nuclear motion. Here, we review progress made in this field over the last decade, which has witnessed dramatic advances in experimental methods, thereby providing a much more extensive set of diverse observations than has ever before been available. We first review the experimental methods used in this field and then provide a systematic tour of the vast array of observations that are currently available. We show how these observations - taken together and without reference to computational simulations - lead us to a simple and intuitive picture of BOA failure in molecular dynamics at metal surfaces, one where electron transfer between the molecule and the metal plays a preeminent role. We also review recent progress made in the theory of electron transfer mediated BOA failure in molecule-surface interactions, describing the most important methods and their ability to reproduce experimental observation. Finally, we outline future directions for research and important unanswered questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rahinov
- Department of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Israel, 4353701 Raanana, Israel.
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Pranav Shirhatti
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kai Golibrzuch
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alizadeh M, Radevici I, Li S, Oksanen J. Chemovoltaic effect for renewable liquid and vapor fuels on semiconductor surfaces. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301522. [PMID: 38305144 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The chemovoltaic effect - generation of electronic excitation by exergonic redox reactions - has been observed on metallic surfaces of Schottky junctions and is proving to be pivotal in explaining in detail the momentum conservation relations of chemically active collisions. As shown in this work, it can hold keys for direct chemical energy harvesting by semiconductor solar cells. To study the possibilities of chemovoltaic energy conversion by semiconductors, we have modeled and designed an 'electrolyte-free fuel cell' formed by a GaAs diode that can host electrochemical fuel oxidation and oxidant reduction reactions on its conduction and valence bands and as a result convert renewable chemical energy (as well as light) into electricity. The experimental results show that exposing the surface of a suitably designed solar cell to methanol liquid or vapor in the presence of oxygen or hydrogen peroxide leads to the generation of electrical power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Alizadeh
- Engineered Nanosystems Group, School of Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Ivan Radevici
- Engineered Nanosystems Group, School of Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Shengyang Li
- Engineered Nanosystems Group, School of Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Jani Oksanen
- Engineered Nanosystems Group, School of Science, Aalto University, Tietotie 1, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bi RH, Dou W. Electronic friction near metal surface: Incorporating nuclear quantum effect with ring polymer molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074110. [PMID: 38380747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0187646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The molecular dynamics with electronic friction (MDEF) approach can accurately describe nonadiabatic effects at metal surfaces in the weakly nonadiabatic limit. That being said, the MDEF approach treats nuclear motion classically such that the nuclear quantum effects are completely missing in the approach. To address this limitation, we combine Electronic Friction with Ring Polymer Molecular Dynamics (EF-RPMD). In particular, we apply the averaged electronic friction from the metal surface to the centroid mode of the ring polymer. We benchmark our approach against quantum dynamics to show that EF-RPMD can accurately capture zero-point energy as well as transition dynamics. In addition, we show that EF-RPMD can correctly predict the electronic transfer rate near metal surfaces in the tunneling limit as well as the barrier crossing limit. We expect that our approach will be very useful to study nonadiabatic dynamics near metal surfaces when nuclear quantum effects become essential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hao Bi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Malpathak S, Ananth N. A Linearized Semiclassical Dynamics Study of the Multiquantum Vibrational Relaxation of NO Scattering from a Au(111) Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:794-801. [PMID: 38232133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The vibrational relaxation of NO molecules scattering from a Au(111) surface has served as the focus of efforts to understand nonadiabatic energy transfer at metal-molecule interfaces. Experimental measurements and previous theoretical efforts suggest that multiquantal NO vibrational energy relaxation occurs via electron-hole pair excitations in the metal. Here, using a linearized semiclassical approach, we accurately predict the vibrational relaxation of NO from the νi = 3 state for different incident translational energies. We also accurately capture the central role of transient electron transfer from the metal to the molecule in mediating the vibrational relaxation process but fall short of quantitatively predicting the full extent of multiquantum relaxation for high incident vibrational excitations (νi = 16).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas Malpathak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Nandini Ananth
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dan X, Shi Q. Theoretical study of nonadiabatic hydrogen atom scattering dynamics on metal surfaces using the hierarchical equations of motion method. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044101. [PMID: 37486050 DOI: 10.1063/5.0155172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces is investigated based on a simplified Newns-Anderson model. Both the nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom are treated quantum mechanically. By partitioning all the surface electronic states as the bath, the hierarchical equations of motion method for the fermionic bath is employed to simulate the scattering dynamics. It is found that, with a reasonable set of parameters, the main features of the recent experimental studies of hydrogen atom scattering on metal surfaces can be reproduced. Vibrational states on the chemisorption state whose energies are close to the incident energy are found to play an important role, and the scattering process is dominated by a single-pass electronic transition forth and back between the diabatic physisorption and chemisorption states. Further study on the effects of the atom-surface coupling strength reveals that, upon increasing the atom-surface coupling strength, the scattering mechanism changes from typical nonadiabatic transitions to dynamics in the electronic friction regime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Dan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gardner J, Corken D, Janke SM, Habershon S, Maurer RJ. Efficient implementation and performance analysis of the independent electron surface hopping method for dynamics at metal surfaces. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:064101. [PMID: 36792522 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Independent electron surface hopping (IESH) is a computational algorithm for simulating the mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics of adsorbate atoms and molecules interacting with metal surfaces. It is capable of modeling the nonadiabatic effects of electron-hole pair excitations on molecular dynamics. Here, we present a transparent, reliable, and efficient implementation of IESH, demonstrating its ability to predict scattering and desorption probabilities across a variety of systems, ranging from model Hamiltonians to full dimensional atomistic systems. We further show how the algorithm can be modified to account for the application of an external bias potential, comparing its accuracy to results obtained using the hierarchical quantum master equation. Our results show that IESH is a practical method for modeling coupled electron-nuclear dynamics at metal surfaces, especially for highly energetic scattering events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Corken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja M Janke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Habershon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pradhan CS, Jain A. Detailed Balance and Independent Electron Surface-Hopping Method: The Importance of Decoherence and Correct Calculation of Diabatic Populations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4615-4626. [PMID: 35880817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We benchmark and improve the independent electron surface-hopping (IESH) method developed by J. C. Tully's group for nonadiabatic simulations near metal surfaces. We have incorporated decoherence within the IESH method as well as implemented a scheme for the accurate calculation of diabatic populations. We benchmark the original IESH method with the above inclusions for a model system to calculate rate constants and long-time populations. The original IESH method fails to capture the detailed balance for some of the parameters, which is corrected with the inclusion of decoherence and accurate calculation of diabatic populations. Total rate constants are well captured both within the original IESH method as well as within our modified IESH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay S Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Amber Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou X, Meng G, Guo H, Jiang B. First-Principles Insights into Adiabatic and Nonadiabatic Vibrational Energy-Transfer Dynamics during Molecular Scattering from Metal Surfaces: The Importance of Surface Reactivity. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3450-3461. [PMID: 35412832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer is ubiquitous during molecular collisions and reactions at gas-surface interfaces. Of particular importance is vibrational energy transfer because of its relevance to bond forming and breaking. In this Perspective, we review recent first-principles studies on vibrational energy-transfer dynamics during molecular scattering from metal surfaces at the state-to-state level. Taking several representative systems as examples, we highlight the intrinsic correlation between vibrational energy transfer in nonreactive scattering and surface reactivity and how it operates in both electronically adiabatic and nonadiabatic pathways. Adiabatically, the presence of a dissociation barrier softens a bond in the impinging molecule and increases its couplings with other molecular modes and surface phonons. In the meantime, the stronger interaction between the molecule and the surface also changes the electronic structure at the barrier, resulting in an increase of nonadiabatic effects. We further discuss future prospects toward a more quantitative understanding of this important surface dynamical process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhou
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bracco G, Vattuone L, Smerieri M, Carraro G, Savio L, Paolini G, Benedek G, Echenique PM, Rocca M. Prominence of Terahertz Acoustic Surface Plasmon Excitation in Gas-Surface Interaction with Metals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9894-9898. [PMID: 34609889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of the dynamics of gas-surface interactions is that all of the energy lost in the collision is transferred to vibrations of the target. Electronic excitations were shown to play a marginal role except for cases in which the impinging particles have energies of several electronvolts. Here we show that this picture does not hold for metal surfaces supporting acoustic surface plasmons. Such loss, dressed with a vibronic structure, is shown to make up a prominent energy transfer route down to the terahertz region for Ne atoms scattering off Cu(111) and is expected to dominate for most metals. This mechanism determines, e.g., the drag force acting on telecommunication satellites, which are typically gold-plated to reduce overheating by sunshine. The electronic excitations can be unambiguously discerned from the vibrational ones under mild hyperthermal impact conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Bracco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L Vattuone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - M Smerieri
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Carraro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - L Savio
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Paolini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - G Benedek
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
- DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - P M Echenique
- DIPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia, Spain
| | - M Rocca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
- IMEM-CNR Unità di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lecroart L, Hertl N, Dorenkamp Y, Jiang H, Kitsopoulos TN, Kandratsenka A, Bünermann O, Wodtke AM. Adsorbate modification of electronic nonadiabaticity: H atom scattering from p(2 × 2) O on Pt(111). J Chem Phys 2021; 155:034702. [PMID: 34293879 DOI: 10.1063/5.0058789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report inelastic differential scattering experiments for energetic H and D atoms colliding at a Pt(111) surface with and without adsorbed O atoms. Dramatically, more energy loss is seen for scattering from the Pt(111) surface compared to p(2 × 2) O on Pt(111), indicating that O adsorption reduces the probability of electron-hole pair (EHP) excitation. We produced a new full-dimensional potential energy surface for H interaction with O/Pt that reproduces density functional theory energies accurately. We then attempted to model the EHP excitation in H/D scattering with molecular dynamics simulations employing the electronic density information from the Pt(111) to calculate electronic friction at the level of the local density friction approximation (LDFA). This approach, which assumes that O atoms simply block the Pt atom from the approaching H atom, fails to reproduce experiment due to the fact that the effective collision cross section of the O atom is only 10% of the area of the surface unit cell. An empirical adiabatic sphere model that reduces electronic nonadiabaticity within an O-Pt bonding length scale of 2.8 Å reproduces experiment well, suggesting that the electronic structure changes induced by chemisorption of O atoms nearly remove the H atom's ability to excite EHPs in the Pt. Alternatives to LDFA friction are needed to account for this adsorbate effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Lecroart
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Hertl
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yvonne Dorenkamp
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theofanis N Kitsopoulos
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Auerbach DJ, Tully JC, Wodtke AM. Chemical dynamics from the gas‐phase to surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ntls.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
| | - John C. Tully
- Department of Chemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institut für physikalische Chemie Georg‐August Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Abteilung für Dynamik an Oberflächen Max‐Planck‐Institut für biophysikalische Chemie Göttingen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kroes GJ. Computational approaches to dissociative chemisorption on metals: towards chemical accuracy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:8962-9048. [PMID: 33885053 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00044f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We review the state-of-the-art in the theory of dissociative chemisorption (DC) of small gas phase molecules on metal surfaces, which is important to modeling heterogeneous catalysis for practical reasons, and for achieving an understanding of the wealth of experimental information that exists for this topic, for fundamental reasons. We first give a quick overview of the experimental state of the field. Turning to the theory, we address the challenge that barrier heights (Eb, which are not observables) for DC on metals cannot yet be calculated with chemical accuracy, although embedded correlated wave function theory and diffusion Monte-Carlo are moving in this direction. For benchmarking, at present chemically accurate Eb can only be derived from dynamics calculations based on a semi-empirically derived density functional (DF), by computing a sticking curve and demonstrating that it is shifted from the curve measured in a supersonic beam experiment by no more than 1 kcal mol-1. The approach capable of delivering this accuracy is called the specific reaction parameter (SRP) approach to density functional theory (DFT). SRP-DFT relies on DFT and on dynamics calculations, which are most efficiently performed if a potential energy surface (PES) is available. We therefore present a brief review of the DFs that now exist, also considering their performance on databases for Eb for gas phase reactions and DC on metals, and for adsorption to metals. We also consider expressions for SRP-DFs and briefly discuss other electronic structure methods that have addressed the interaction of molecules with metal surfaces. An overview is presented of dynamical models, which make a distinction as to whether or not, and which dissipative channels are modeled, the dissipative channels being surface phonons and electronically non-adiabatic channels such as electron-hole pair excitation. We also discuss the dynamical methods that have been used, such as the quasi-classical trajectory method and quantum dynamical methods like the time-dependent wave packet method and the reaction path Hamiltonian method. Limits on the accuracy of these methods are discussed for DC of diatomic and polyatomic molecules on metal surfaces, paying particular attention to reduced dimensionality approximations that still have to be invoked in wave packet calculations on polyatomic molecules like CH4. We also address the accuracy of fitting methods, such as recent machine learning methods (like neural network methods) and the corrugation reducing procedure. In discussing the calculation of observables we emphasize the importance of modeling the properties of the supersonic beams in simulating the sticking probability curves measured in the associated experiments. We show that chemically accurate barrier heights have now been extracted for DC in 11 molecule-metal surface systems, some of which form the most accurate core of the only existing database of Eb for DC reactions on metal surfaces (SBH10). The SRP-DFs (or candidate SRP-DFs) that have been derived show transferability in many cases, i.e., they have been shown also to yield chemically accurate Eb for chemically related systems. This can in principle be exploited in simulating rates of catalyzed reactions on nano-particles containing facets and edges, as SRP-DFs may be transferable among systems in which a molecule dissociates on low index and stepped surfaces of the same metal. In many instances SRP-DFs have allowed important conclusions regarding the mechanisms underlying observed experimental trends. An important recent observation is that SRP-DFT based on semi-local exchange DFs has so far only been successful for systems for which the difference of the metal work function and the molecule's electron affinity exceeds 7 eV. A main challenge to SRP-DFT is to extend its applicability to the other systems, which involve a range of important DC reactions of e.g. O2, H2O, NH3, CO2, and CH3OH. Recent calculations employing a PES based on a screened hybrid exchange functional suggest that the road to success may be based on using exchange functionals of this category.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
![]()
We have developed
an instrument that uses photolysis of hydrogen
halides to produce nearly monoenergetic hydrogen atom beams and Rydberg
atom tagging to obtain accurate angle-resolved time-of-flight distributions
of atoms scattered from surfaces. The surfaces are prepared under
strict ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Data from these experiments can
provide excellent benchmarks for theory, from which it is possible
to obtain an atomic scale understanding of the underlying dynamical
processes governing H atom adsorption. In this way, the mechanism
of adsorption on metals is revealed, showing a penetration–resurfacing
mechanism that relies on electronic excitation of the metal by the
H atom to succeed. Contrasting this, when H atoms collide at graphene
surfaces, the dynamics of bond formation involving at least four carbon
atoms govern adsorption. Future perspectives of H atom scattering
from surfaces are also outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bünermann
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gerrits N, Smeets EWF, Vuckovic S, Powell AD, Doblhoff-Dier K, Kroes GJ. Density Functional Theory for Molecule-Metal Surface Reactions: When Does the Generalized Gradient Approximation Get It Right, and What to Do If It Does Not. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:10552-10560. [PMID: 33295770 PMCID: PMC7751010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
While density functional theory (DFT) is perhaps the most used electronic structure theory in chemistry, many of its practical aspects remain poorly understood. For instance, DFT at the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) tends to fail miserably at describing gas-phase reaction barriers, while it performs surprisingly well for many molecule-metal surface reactions. GGA-DFT also fails for many systems in the latter category, and up to now it has not been clear when one may expect it to work. We show that GGA-DFT tends to work if the difference between the work function of the metal and the molecule's electron affinity is greater than ∼7 eV and to fail if this difference is smaller, with sticking of O2 on Al(111) being a spectacular example. Using dynamics calculations we show that, for this system, the DFT problem may be solved as done for gas-phase reactions, i.e., by resorting to hybrid functionals, but using screening at long-range to obtain a correct description of the metal. Our results suggest the GGA error in the O2 + Al(111) barrier height to be functional driven. Our results also suggest the possibility to compute potential energy surfaces for the difficult-to-treat systems with computationally cheap nonself-consistent calculations in which a hybrid functional is applied to a GGA density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Gerrits
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Egidius W. F. Smeets
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Vuckovic
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Andrew D. Powell
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Doblhoff-Dier
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Geweke J, Wodtke AM. Vibrationally inelastic scattering of HCl from Ag(111). J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0026228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Geweke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-EPFL Center for Molecular Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-EPFL Center for Molecular Nanoscience and Technology, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), Station 6, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Simoni J, Daligault J. Nature of Non-Adiabatic Electron-Ion Forces in Liquid Metals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8839-8843. [PMID: 32893639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An accurate description of electron-ion interactions in materials is crucial for our understanding of their equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties. Here we assess the properties of frictional forces experienced by ions in noncrystalline metallic systems, including liquid metals and warm dense plasmas, that arise from electronic excitations driven by the nuclear motion due to the presence of a continuum of low-lying electronic states. To this end, we perform detailed ab initio calculations of the full friction tensor that characterizes the set of friction forces. The non-adiabatic electron-ion interactions introduce hydrodynamic couplings between the ionic degrees of freedom, which are sizable between nearest neighbors. The friction tensor is generally inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and nondiagonal, especially at lower densities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Simoni
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jérôme Daligault
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Galparsoro O, Kaufmann S, Auerbach DJ, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM. First principles rates for surface chemistry employing exact transition state theory: application to recombinative desorption of hydrogen from Cu(111). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17532-17539. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02858d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present first principles calculations of the reactive flux for thermal recombinative desorption of hydrogen from Cu(111).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Galparsoro
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| | - Sven Kaufmann
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin R, Zhang Y, Jiang B. Strong Vibrational Relaxation of NO Scattered from Au(111): Importance of the Adiabatic Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:5969-5974. [PMID: 31538787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Experimental observations of multiquantum relaxation of highly vibrationally excited NO scattering from Au(111) are a benchmark for the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in molecule-surface systems. This remarkable vibrational inelasticity was long thought to be almost exclusively mediated by electron transfer; however, no theories have quantitatively reproduced various experimental data. This was suggested to be due to errors in the adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) used in those studies. Here, we investigate electronically adiabatic molecular dynamics of this system with a globally accurate high-dimensional PES that is newly developed with neural networks from first principles. The NO vibrational energy loss is much larger than that on the earlier adiabatic PES. Additionally, the translational inelasticity and translational energy dependence of vibrational inelasticity are also more accurately reproduced. There is reason to be optimistic that electronically nonadiabatic theories using this adiabatic PES as a starting point might accurately reproduce experimental results on this important system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spiering P, Shakouri K, Behler J, Kroes GJ, Meyer J. Orbital-Dependent Electronic Friction Significantly Affects the Description of Reactive Scattering of N 2 from Ru(0001). J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2957-2962. [PMID: 31088059 PMCID: PMC6558642 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electron-hole pair (ehp) excitation is thought to substantially affect the dynamics of molecules on metal surfaces, but it is not clear whether this can be better addressed by orbital-dependent friction (ODF) or the local density friction approximation (LDFA). We investigate the effect of ehp excitation on the dissociative chemisorption of N2 on and its inelastic scattering from Ru(0001), which is the benchmark system of highly activated dissociation, with these two different models. ODF is in better agreement with the best experimental estimates for the reaction probabilities than LDFA, yields results for vibrational excitation in better agreement with experiment, but slightly overestimates the translational energy loss during scattering. N2 on Ru(0001) is thus the first system for which the ODF and LDFA approaches are shown to yield substantially different results for easily accessible experimental observables, including reaction probabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Spiering
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Khosrow Shakouri
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Behler
- Universität Göttingen , Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Tammannstr. 6 , 37077 Göttingen , Germany
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Meyer
- Gorlaeus Laberatories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang B, Guo H. Dynamics in reactions on metal surfaces: A theoretical perspective. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:180901. [PMID: 31091904 DOI: 10.1063/1.5096869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in theoretical characterization of reaction dynamics on metal surfaces are reviewed. It is shown that the widely available density functional theory of metals and their interactions with molecules have enabled first principles theoretical models for treating surface reaction dynamics. The new theoretical tools include methods to construct high-dimensional adiabatic potential energy surfaces, to characterize nonadiabatic processes within the electronic friction models, and to describe dynamics both quantum mechanically and classically. Three prototypical surface reactions, namely, dissociative chemisorption, Eley-Rideal reactions, and recombinative desorption, are surveyed with a focus on some representative examples. While principles governing gas phase reaction dynamics may still be applicable, the presence of the surface introduces a higher level of complexity due to strong interaction between the molecular species and metal substrate. Furthermore, most of these reactive processes are impacted by energy exchange with surface phonons and/or electron-hole pair excitations. These theoretical studies help to interpret and rationalize experimental observations and, in some cases, guide experimental explorations. Knowledge acquired in these fundamental studies is expected to impact many practical problems in a wide range of interfacial processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Füchsel G, Zhou X, Jiang B, Juaristi JI, Alducin M, Guo H, Kroes GJ. Reactive and Nonreactive Scattering of HCl from Au(111): An Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:2287-2299. [PMID: 30740194 PMCID: PMC6366682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b10686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The HCl + Au(111) system has recently become a benchmark for highly activated dissociative chemisorption, which presumably is strongly affected by electron-hole pair excitation. Previous dynamics calculations, which were based on density functional theory at the generalized gradient approximation level (GGA-DFT) for the molecule-surface interaction, have all overestimated measured reaction probabilities by at least an order of magnitude. Here, we perform ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and AIMD with electronic friction (AIMDEF) calculations employing a density functional that includes the attractive van der Waals interaction. Our calculations model the simultaneous and possibly synergistic effects of surface temperature, surface atom motion, electron-hole pair excitation, the molecular beam conditions of the experiments, and the van der Waals interaction on the reactivity. We find that reaction probabilities computed with AIMDEF and the SRP32-vdW functional still overestimate the measured reaction probabilities, by a factor 18 for the highest incidence energy at which measurements were performed (≈2.5 eV). Even granting that the experiment could have underestimated the sticking probability by about a factor three, this still translates into a considerable overestimation of the reactivity by the current theory. Likewise, scaled transition probabilities for vibrational excitation from ν = 1, j = 1 to ν = 2 are overestimated by the AIMDEF theory, by factors 3-8 depending on the initial conditions modeled. Energy losses to the surface and translational energy losses are, however, in good agreement with experimental values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gernot Füchsel
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie—Physikalische und Theoretische
Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- E-mail: (G.F.)
| | - Xueyao Zhou
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department
of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - J. Iñaki Juaristi
- Departamento
de Física de Materiales, Facultad
de Químicas (UPV/EHU), Apartado 1072, 20080 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Maite Alducin
- Centro
de Física de Materiales CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hua Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University
of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Phone: +31 (0)71 527
4396 (G.-J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miao G, Ouyang W, Subotnik J. A comparison of surface hopping approaches for capturing metal-molecule electron transfer: A broadened classical master equation versus independent electron surface hopping. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:041711. [PMID: 30709317 DOI: 10.1063/1.5050235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Within a generalized Anderson-Holstein model, we investigate electron transfer rates using two different surface hopping algorithms: a broadened classical master equation (BCME) and independent electron surface hopping (IESH). We find that for large enough bandwidth and density of one electron states, and in the presence of external friction, the IESH results converge to the BCME results for impurity-bath model systems, recovering both relaxation rates and equilibrium populations. Without external friction, however, the BCME and IESH results can strongly disagree, and preliminary evidence suggests that IESH does not always recover the correct equilibrium state. Finally, we also demonstrate that adding an electronic thermostat to IESH does help drive the metallic substrate to the correct equilibrium state, but this improvement can sometimes come at the cost of worse short time dynamics. Overall, our results should be of use for all computational chemists looking to model either gas phase scattering or electrochemical dynamics at a metal interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaohan Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wenjun Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Robertson C, González-Vázquez J, Corral I, Díaz-Tendero S, Díaz C. Nonadiabatic scattering of NO off Au3
clusters: A simple and robust diabatic state manifold generation method for multiconfigurational wavefunctions. J Comput Chem 2018; 40:794-810. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing; University Of Warwick, CV4 7AL; Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
| | - Ines Corral
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química Módulo 13; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC); Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shakouri K, Behler J, Meyer J, Kroes GJ. Analysis of Energy Dissipation Channels in a Benchmark System of Activated Dissociation: N 2 on Ru(0001). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2018; 122:23470-23480. [PMID: 30364480 PMCID: PMC6196344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b06729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The excitation of electron-hole pairs in reactive scattering of molecules at metal surfaces often affects the physical and dynamical observables of interest, including the reaction probability. Here, we study the influence of electron-hole pair excitation on the dissociative chemisorption of N2 on Ru(0001) using the local density friction approximation method. The effect of surface atom motion has also been taken into account by a high-dimensional neural network potential. Our nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations with electronic friction show that the reaction of N2 is more strongly affected by the energy transfer to surface phonons than by the energy loss to electron-hole pairs. The discrepancy between the computed reaction probabilities and experimental results is within the experimental error both with and without friction; however, the incorporation of electron-hole pairs yields somewhat better agreement with experiments, especially at high collision energies. We also calculate the vibrational efficacy for the N2 + Ru(0001) reaction and demonstrate that the N2 reaction is more enhanced by exciting the molecular vibrations than by adding an equivalent amount of energy into translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Shakouri
- Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Behler
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörg Meyer
- Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Gorlaeus
Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Montemore MM, Hoyt R, Kolesov G, Kaxiras E. Reaction-Induced Excitations and Their Effect on Surface Chemistry. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M. Montemore
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Robert Hoyt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Grigory Kolesov
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Electronic friction is a correction to the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, whereby nuclei in motion experience a drag in the presence of a manifold of electronic states. The notion of electronic friction has a long history and has been (re-)discovered in the context of a wide variety of different chemical and physical systems including, but not limited to, surface scattering events, surface reactions or chemisorption, electrochemistry, and conduction through molecular-(or nano-) junctions. Over the years, quite a few different forms of electronic friction have been offered in the literature. In this perspective, we briefly review these developments of electronic friction, highlighting the fact that we can now isolate a single, unifying form for (Markovian) electronic friction. We also focus on the role of electron-electron interactions for understanding frictional effects and offer our thoughts on the strengths and weaknesses of using electronic friction to model dynamics in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Unified description of H-atom-induced chemicurrents and inelastic scattering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:680-684. [PMID: 29311297 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1710587115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) provides the foundation for virtually all computational studies of chemical binding and reactivity, and it is the justification for the widely used "balls and springs" picture of molecules. The BOA assumes that nuclei effectively stand still on the timescale of electronic motion, due to their large masses relative to electrons. This implies electrons never change their energy quantum state. When molecules react, atoms must move, meaning that electrons may become excited in violation of the BOA. Such electronic excitation is clearly seen for: (i) Schottky diodes where H adsorption at Ag surfaces produces electrical "chemicurrent;" (ii) Au-based metal-insulator-metal (MIM) devices, where chemicurrents arise from H-H surface recombination; and (iii) Inelastic energy transfer, where H collisions with Au surfaces show H-atom translation excites the metal's electrons. As part of this work, we report isotopically selective hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) translational inelasticity measurements in collisions with Ag and Au. Together, these experiments provide an opportunity to test new theories that simultaneously describe both nuclear and electronic motion, a standing challenge to the field. Here, we show results of a recently developed first-principles theory that quantitatively explains both inelastic scattering experiments that probe nuclear motion and chemicurrent experiments that probe electronic excitation. The theory explains the magnitude of chemicurrents on Ag Schottky diodes and resolves an apparent paradox--chemicurrents exhibit a much larger isotope effect than does H/D inelastic scattering. It also explains why, unlike Ag-based Schottky diodes, Au-based MIM devices are insensitive to H adsorption.
Collapse
|
29
|
Miao G, Dou W, Subotnik J. Vibrational relaxation at a metal surface: Electronic friction versus classical master equations. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:224105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaohan Miao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wagner RJV, Henning N, Krüger BC, Park GB, Altschäffel J, Kandratsenka A, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T. Vibrational Relaxation of Highly Vibrationally Excited CO Scattered from Au(111): Evidence for CO - Formation. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:4887-4892. [PMID: 28930463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electronically nonadiabatic dynamics can be important in collisions of molecules at surfaces; for example, when vibrational degrees of freedom of molecules are coupled to electron-hole-pair (EHP) excitation of a metal. Such dynamics have been inferred from a host of observations involving multiquantum relaxation of NO molecules scattered from metal surfaces. Electron transfer forming transient NO- is thought to be essential to the nonadiabatic coupling. The question remains: is this behavior usual? Here, we present final vibrational state distributions resulting from the scattering of CO(vi = 17) from Au(111), which exhibits significantly less vibrational relaxation than NO(vi = 16). We explain this observation in terms of the lower electron affinity of CO compared to NO, a result that is consistent with the formation of a transient CO- ion being important to CO vibrational relaxation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman J V Wagner
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Niklas Henning
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Bastian C Krüger
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - G Barratt Park
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jan Altschäffel
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, University of Goettingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tim Schäfer
- University of Goettingen , Institute of Physical Chemistry, Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Directional Force Originating from ATP Hydrolysis Drives the GroEL Conformational Change. Biophys J 2017; 112:1561-1570. [PMID: 28445748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein functional mechanisms usually require conformational changes, and often there are known structures for the different conformational states. However, usually neither the origin of the driving force nor the underlying pathways for these conformational transitions is known. Exothermic chemical reactions may be an important source of forces that drive conformational changes. Here we investigate this type of force originating from ATP hydrolysis in the chaperonin GroEL, by applying forces originating from the chemical reaction. Specifically, we apply directed forces to drive the GroEL conformational changes and learn that there is a highly specific direction for applied forces to drive the closed form to the open form. For this purpose, we utilize coarse-grained elastic network models. Principal component analysis on 38 GroEL experimental structures yields the most important motions, and these are used in structural interpolation for the construction of a coarse-grained free energy landscape. In addition, we investigate a more random application of forces with a Monte Carlo method and demonstrate pathways for the closed-open conformational transition in both directions by computing trajectories that are shown upon the free energy landscape. Initial root mean square deviation (RMSD) between the open and closed forms of the subunit is 14.7 Å and final forms from our simulations reach an average RMSD of 3.6 Å from the target forms, closely matching the level of resolution of the coarse-grained model.
Collapse
|
32
|
Shuai Q, Kaufmann S, Auerbach DJ, Schwarzer D, Wodtke AM. Evidence for Electron-Hole Pair Excitation in the Associative Desorption of H 2 and D 2 from Au(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1657-1663. [PMID: 28338329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative adsorption reaction of hydrogen on noble metals is believed to be well-described within the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. In this work, we have experimentally derived translational energy distributions for selected quantum states of H2 and D2 formed in associative desorption reactions at a Au(111) surface. Using the principle of detailed balance, we compare our results to theory carried out at the same level of sophistication as was done for the reaction on copper. The theory predicts translational excitation that is much higher than is seen in experiment and fails to reproduce the experimentally observed isotope effect. The large deviations between experiment and theory are surprising because, for the same reactions occurring on Cu(111), a similar theoretical strategy agreed with experiment, yielding "chemical accuracy". We argue that electron-hole pair excitation is more important for the reaction on gold, an effect that may be related to the reaction's later transition state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shuai
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Kaufmann
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry , Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Goettingen , Tammannstraße 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Strak P, Sakowski K, Kempisty P, Krukowski S. Dissipation of the excess energy of the adsorbate-thermalization via electron transfer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:9149-9155. [PMID: 28318002 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new scenario for the thermalization process of adsorbates at solid surfaces is proposed. The scenario is based on the existence of an electric dipole layer in which the electron wavefunctions extend over the positive ions, creating a strong local electric field which drags the electrons into the solid interior and repels the positive ions. During adsorption the electrons tunnel into the solid interior, conveying the excess energy. The positive ions are retarded by the field, losing the excess kinetic energy, and are located smoothly into the adsorption sites. In such a scheme, the excess energy is not dissipated locally, avoiding melting or the creation of defects which is in accordance with experiments. The scenario is supported by ab initio calculation results, including density function theory of the slabs representing the AlN surface and the Schrodinger equation for the time evolution of hydrogen-like atoms at the solid surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Strak
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Konrad Sakowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Pawel Kempisty
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland. and Center for Integrated Research of Future Electronics (CIRFE), Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability (IMaSS), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Stanislaw Krukowski
- Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sokołowska 29/37, 01-142 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gooneie A, Schuschnigg S, Holzer C. A Review of Multiscale Computational Methods in Polymeric Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E16. [PMID: 30970697 PMCID: PMC6432151 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials display distinguished characteristics which stem from the interplay of phenomena at various length and time scales. Further development of polymer systems critically relies on a comprehensive understanding of the fundamentals of their hierarchical structure and behaviors. As such, the inherent multiscale nature of polymer systems is only reflected by a multiscale analysis which accounts for all important mechanisms. Since multiscale modelling is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary field, the emerging possibilities and challenges can be of a truly diverse nature. The present review attempts to provide a rather comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the field of multiscale modelling and simulation of polymeric materials. In order to understand the characteristics of the building blocks of multiscale methods, first a brief review of some significant computational methods at individual length and time scales is provided. These methods cover quantum mechanical scale, atomistic domain (Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics), mesoscopic scale (Brownian dynamics, dissipative particle dynamics, and lattice Boltzmann method), and finally macroscopic realm (finite element and volume methods). Afterwards, different prescriptions to envelope these methods in a multiscale strategy are discussed in details. Sequential, concurrent, and adaptive resolution schemes are presented along with the latest updates and ongoing challenges in research. In sequential methods, various systematic coarse-graining and backmapping approaches are addressed. For the concurrent strategy, we aimed to introduce the fundamentals and significant methods including the handshaking concept, energy-based, and force-based coupling approaches. Although such methods are very popular in metals and carbon nanomaterials, their use in polymeric materials is still limited. We have illustrated their applications in polymer science by several examples hoping for raising attention towards the existing possibilities. The relatively new adaptive resolution schemes are then covered including their advantages and shortcomings. Finally, some novel ideas in order to extend the reaches of atomistic techniques are reviewed. We conclude the review by outlining the existing challenges and possibilities for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gooneie
- Chair of Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Stephan Schuschnigg
- Chair of Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| | - Clemens Holzer
- Chair of Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto Gloeckel-Strasse 2, 8700 Leoben, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nedrygailov II, Lee C, Moon SY, Lee H, Park JY. Liquid-phase catalytic reactor combined with measurement of hot electron flux and chemiluminescence. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:114101. [PMID: 27910578 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of electronically nonadiabatic interactions during chemical reactions on metal surfaces in liquid media is of great importance for a variety of applications including catalysis, electrochemistry, and environmental science. Here, we report the design of an experimental apparatus for detection of the highly excited (hot) electrons created as a result of nonadiabatic energy transfer during the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on thin-film metal-semiconductor nanodiodes. The apparatus enables the measurement of hot electron flows and related phenomena (e.g., surface chemiluminescence) as well as the corresponding reaction rates at different temperatures. The products of the chemical reaction can be characterized in the gaseous phase by means of gas chromatography. The combined measurement of hot electron flux, catalytic activity, and light emission can lead to a fundamental understanding of the elementary processes occurring during the heterogeneous catalytic reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ievgen I Nedrygailov
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Changhwan Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Song Yi Moon
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Hyosun Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong Young Park
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wijzenbroek M, Helstone D, Meyer J, Kroes GJ. Dynamics of H2 dissociation on the close-packed (111) surface of the noblest metal: H2 + Au(111). J Chem Phys 2016; 145:144701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Wijzenbroek
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Darcey Helstone
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Meyer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer molecules on metal nanoparticle surfaces. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10749. [PMID: 26883665 PMCID: PMC4757789 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy migrations at metal nanomaterial surfaces are fundamentally important to heterogeneous reactions. Here we report two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer adsorbate molecules on differently sized metal nanoparticle surfaces investigated with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy. On a 5 nm platinum particle, within a few picoseconds the vibrational energy of a carbon monoxide adsorbate rapidly dissipates into the particle through electron/hole pair excitations, generating heat that quickly migrates on surface. In contrast, the lack of vibration-electron coupling on approximately 1 nm particles results in vibrational energy migration among adsorbates that occurs on a twenty times slower timescale. Further investigations reveal that the rapid carbon monoxide energy relaxation is also affected by the adsorption sites and the nature of the metal but to a lesser extent. These findings reflect the dependence of electron/vibration coupling on the metallic nature, size and surface site of nanoparticles and its significance in mediating energy relaxations and migrations on nanoparticle surfaces. Energy migrations at metal nanomaterial surfaces are fundamentally important to heterogeneous reactions. Here, the authors employ ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy to show two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer adsorbate molecules on differently sized metal nanoparticle surfaces.
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang B, Alducin M, Guo H. Electron-Hole Pair Effects in Polyatomic Dissociative Chemisorption: Water on Ni(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:327-31. [PMID: 26732612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The influence of electron-hole pairs in dissociative chemisorption of a polyatomic molecule (water) on metal surfaces is assessed for the first time using a friction approach. The atomic local density dependent friction coefficients computed based on a free electron gas embedding model are employed in classical molecular dynamics simulations of the water dissociation dynamics on rigid Ni(111) using a recently developed nine dimensional interaction potential energy surface for the system. The results indicate that nonadiabatic effects are relatively small and they do not qualitatively alter the mode specificity in the dissociation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Maite Alducin
- Centro de Física de Materiales Centro Mixto, CFM/MPC (CSIC-UPV/EHU), P. Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, P. Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kroes GJ, Díaz C. Quantum and classical dynamics of reactive scattering of H2 from metal surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3658-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
State-of-the-art theoretical models allow nowadays an accurate description of H2/metal surface systems and phenomena relative to heterogeneous catalysis. Here we review the most relevant ones investigated during the last 10 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Gorlaeus Laboratories
- Leiden University
- 2300 RA Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Díaz
- Departamento de Química
- Módulo 13
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Diesing D, Hasselbrink E. Chemical energy dissipation at surfaces under UHV and high pressure conditions studied using metal–insulator–metal and similar devices. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3747-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00932d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin film metal heterostructures have allowed new light to be shed on the dissipation of chemical energy into electric excitations on metal surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Detlef Diesing
- Fakultät f. Chemie
- Universität Duisburg-Essen
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wodtke AM. Electronically non-adiabatic influences in surface chemistry and dynamics. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3641-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electronically nonadiabatic interactions between molecules and metal surfaces are now well known. But evidence that such interactions influence reaction rates is still scarce. This paper reviews research related to this topic and proposes pathways forward.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry
- Göttingen
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kroes GJ. Toward a Database of Chemically Accurate Barrier Heights for Reactions of Molecules with Metal Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4106-14. [PMID: 26722785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Being able to calculate reaction barrier heights to within chemical accuracy (errors < 1 kcal/mol) is crucial to the accurate modeling of chemical reactions. Although accurate databases exist that can help theorists with benchmarking new electronic structure theories on gas-phase chemical reactions, no such databases exist for reactions of molecules with metal surfaces. Nonetheless, most chemicals are made in heterogeneously catalyzed processes, of which many take place over metal particles. Presently, barrier heights for molecule-metal surface reactions have been determined with chemical accuracy for only two systems, that is, H2 + Cu(111) and H2 + Cu(100). This has been done with semiempirically determined density functionals, which were fitted through comparisons of dynamics results with molecular beam sticking probabilities. The prospects of extending the database with chemically accurate data for other molecule-metal reactions, either with the use of semiempirical density functional theory or with first-principles theory, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geert-Jan Kroes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University , P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Janke SM, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM, Kandratsenka A. An accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface for H–Au(111): Importance of nonadiabatic electronic excitation in energy transfer and adsorption. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:124708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja M. Janke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Göttingen University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Tammannstr. 6, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Golibrzuch K, Bartels N, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM. The Dynamics of Molecular Interactions and Chemical Reactions at Metal Surfaces: Testing the Foundations of Theory. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2015; 66:399-425. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040214-121958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Golibrzuch
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Nils Bartels
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Daniel J. Auerbach
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Park JY, Baker LR, Somorjai GA. Role of hot electrons and metal-oxide interfaces in surface chemistry and catalytic reactions. Chem Rev 2015; 115:2781-817. [PMID: 25791926 DOI: 10.1021/cr400311p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Young Park
- †Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea.,‡Graduate School of EEWS, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - L Robert Baker
- §Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gabor A Somorjai
- ∥Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,⊥Materials Sciences and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Engelhart DP, Wagner RJV, Johnsen PC, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T. Adsorbate enhancement of electron emission during the quenching of metastable CO at metal surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:11540-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01255d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A monolayer of adsorbed rare gas dramatically enhances electron emission when quenching CO(a3Π) at metal surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Engelhart
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| | - Roman J. V. Wagner
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| | | | - Alec M. Wodtke
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| | - Tim Schäfer
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Georg-August University of Göttingen
- 37077 Göttingen
- Germany
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Kaufmann S, Schwarzer D, Reichardt C, Wodtke AM, Bünermann O. Generation of ultra-short hydrogen atom pulses by bunch-compression photolysis. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5373. [PMID: 25371239 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-short light pulses enable many time-resolved studies in chemistry, especially when used in pump-probe experiments. However, most chemical events are not initiated by light, but rather by collisions. Time-resolved collisional experiments require ultra-short pulses of atoms and molecules--sadly, methods for producing such pulses are so far unknown. Here we introduce bunch-compression photolysis, an approach to forming ultra-short and highly intense pulses of neutral atoms. We demonstrate H-atom pulses of 1.2±0.3 ns duration, far shorter than any previously reported. Owing to its extraordinarily simple physical principles, we can accurately model the method--the model shows H-atom pulses as short as 110-ps are achievable. Importantly, due to the bunch-compression, large (mm(3)) photolysis volumes are possible, a key advantage for pulse intensity. This technique overcomes the most challenging barrier to a new class of experiments on time-resolved collisions involving atoms and molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Kaufmann
- 1] Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- 1] Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | | | - Alec M Wodtke
- 1] Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Bünermann
- 1] Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany [2] Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen D-37077, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bartels N, Krüger BC, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T. Steuerung einer Elektronentransferreaktion an einer Metalloberfläche durch Manipulation der Bewegung und Orientierung der Reaktanten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
49
|
Bartels N, Krüger BC, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM, Schäfer T. Controlling an Electron-Transfer Reaction at a Metal Surface by Manipulating Reactant Motion and Orientation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13690-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
50
|
Shirhatti PR, Werdecker J, Golibrzuch K, Wodtke AM, Bartels C. Electron hole pair mediated vibrational excitation in CO scattering from Au(111): Incidence energy and surface temperature dependence. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:124704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4894814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|