1
|
Song Y, Zeng M, Wang X, Shi P, Fei M, Zhu J. Hierarchical Engineering of Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209134. [PMID: 37246306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Harvesting water from air in sorption-based devices is a promising solution to decentralized water production, aiming for providing potable water anywhere, anytime. This technology involves a series of coupled processes occurring at distinct length scales, ranging from nanometer to meter and even larger, including water sorption/desorption at the nanoscale, condensation at the mesoscale, device development at the macroscale and water scarcity assessment at the global scale. Comprehensive understanding and bespoke designs at every scale are thus needed to improve the water-harvesting performance. For this purpose, a brief introduction of the global water crisis and its key characteristics is provided to clarify the impact potential and design criteria of water harvesters. Next the latest molecular-level optimizations of sorbents for efficient moisture capture and release are discussed. Then, novel microstructuring of surfaces to enhance dropwise condensation, which is favorable for atmospheric water generation, is shown. After that, system-level optimizations of sorbent-assisted water harvesters to achieve high-yield, energy-efficient, and low-cost water harvesting are highlighted. Finally, future directions toward practical sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Mengyue Zeng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Peiru Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Minfei Fei
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Walenszus F, Bon V, Evans JD, Krause S, Getzschmann J, Kaskel S, Dvoyashkin M. On the role of history-dependent adsorbate distribution and metastable states in switchable mesoporous metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3223. [PMID: 37270577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in contrast to rigid nanoporous materials is their structural switchabilty offering a wide range of functionality for sustainable energy storage, separation and sensing applications. This has initiated a series of experimental and theoretical studies predominantly aiming at understanding the thermodynamic conditions to transform and release gas, but the nature of sorption-induced switching transitions remains poorly understood. Here we report experimental evidence for fluid metastability and history-dependent states during sorption triggering the structural change of the framework and leading to the counterintuitive phenomenon of negative gas adsorption (NGA) in flexible MOFs. Preparation of two isoreticular MOFs differing by structural flexibility and performing direct in situ diffusion studies aided by in situ X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and computational modelling, allowed assessment of n-butane molecular dynamics, phase state, and the framework response to obtain a microscopic picture for each step of the sorption process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Walenszus
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jack D Evans
- Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials and Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Simon Krause
- Nanochemistry department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jürgen Getzschmann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Muslim Dvoyashkin
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pardehkhorram R, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Pushing the limits of nanopore transport performance by polymer functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:5188-5204. [PMID: 35394003 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the design and performance of biological pores, polymer functionalization of nanopores has emerged as an evolving field to advance transport performance within the last few years. This feature article outlines developments in nanopore functionalization and the resulting transport performance including gating based on electrostatic interaction, wettability and ligand binding, gradual transport controlled by polymerization as well as functionalization-based asymmetric nanopore and nanoporous material design going towards the transport direction. Pushing the limits of nanopore transport performance and thus reducing the performance gap between biological and technological pores is strongly related to advances in polymerization chemistry and their translation into nanopore functionalization. Thereby, the effect of the spatial confinement has to be considered for polymer functionalization as well as for transport regulation, and mechanistic understanding is strongly increased by combining experiment and theory. A full mechanistic understanding together with highly precise nanopore structure design and polymer functionalization is not only expected to improve existing application of nanoporous materials but also opens the door to new technologies. The latter might include out of equilibrium devices, ionic circuits, or machine learning based sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Pardehkhorram
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Smart Membranes, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Smart Membranes, Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kikkinides ES, Gkogkos G, Monson PA, Valiullin R. Connecting dynamic pore filling mechanisms with equilibrium and out of equilibrium configurations of fluids in nanopores. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:134702. [PMID: 35395874 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, using dynamic mean field theory complemented by grand canonical molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the extent to which the density distributions encountered during the dynamics of capillary condensation are related to those distributions at equilibrium or metastable equilibrium in a system at fixed average density (canonical ensemble). We find that the states encountered can be categorized as out of equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium based on the magnitude of the driving force for mass transfer. More specifically, in open-ended slit pores, pore filling via double bridging is an out of equilibrium process, induced by the dynamics of the system, while pore filling by single bridge formation is connected to a series of configurations that are equilibrium configurations in the canonical ensemble and that cannot be observed experimentally by a standard adsorption process, corresponding to the grand canonical ensemble. Likewise, in closed cap slits, the formation of a liquid bridge near the pore opening and its subsequent growth while the initially detached meniscus from the capped end remains immobilized are out of equilibrium processes that occur at large driving forces. On the other hand, at small driving forces, there is a continuous acceleration of the detached meniscus from the capped end, which is associated with complete reversibility in the limit of an infinitesimally small driving force.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E S Kikkinides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - G Gkogkos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - P A Monson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA
| | - R Valiullin
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Douglas M. Ruthven: In Memoriam of a Great Scholar and a Caring Friend. CHEM-ING-TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
6
|
Corti HR, Appignanesi GA, Barbosa MC, Bordin JR, Calero C, Camisasca G, Elola MD, Franzese G, Gallo P, Hassanali A, Huang K, Laria D, Menéndez CA, de Oca JMM, Longinotti MP, Rodriguez J, Rovere M, Scherlis D, Szleifer I. Structure and dynamics of nanoconfined water and aqueous solutions. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:136. [PMID: 34779954 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to discussing recent progress on the structure, thermodynamic, reactivity, and dynamics of water and aqueous systems confined within different types of nanopores, synthetic and biological. Currently, this is a branch of water science that has attracted enormous attention of researchers from different fields interested to extend the understanding of the anomalous properties of bulk water to the nanoscopic domain. From a fundamental perspective, the interactions of water and solutes with a confining surface dramatically modify the liquid's structure and, consequently, both its thermodynamical and dynamical behaviors, breaking the validity of the classical thermodynamic and phenomenological description of the transport properties of aqueous systems. Additionally, man-made nanopores and porous materials have emerged as promising solutions to challenging problems such as water purification, biosensing, nanofluidic logic and gating, and energy storage and conversion, while aquaporin, ion channels, and nuclear pore complex nanopores regulate many biological functions such as the conduction of water, the generation of action potentials, and the storage of genetic material. In this work, the more recent experimental and molecular simulations advances in this exciting and rapidly evolving field will be reported and critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Horacio R Corti
- Departmento de Física de la Materia Condensada & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650LWP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gustavo A Appignanesi
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcia C Barbosa
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J Rafael Bordin
- Department of Physics, Institute of Physics and Mathematics, 96050-500, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Carles Calero
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària - Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gaia Camisasca
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - M Dolores Elola
- Departmento de Física de la Materia Condensada & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650LWP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giancarlo Franzese
- Secció de Física Estadística i Interdisciplinària - Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona & Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paola Gallo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Ali Hassanali
- Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics Section (CMSP), The International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Italy
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Daniel Laria
- Departmento de Física de la Materia Condensada & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650LWP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cintia A Menéndez
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Joan M Montes de Oca
- INQUISUR, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, 8000, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - M Paula Longinotti
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier Rodriguez
- Departmento de Física de la Materia Condensada & Instituto de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología (CNEA-CONICET), Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, B1650LWP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauro Rovere
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, 00146, Roma, Italy
| | - Damián Scherlis
- Instituto de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente y Energía (INQUIMAE-CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Igal Szleifer
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gericke E, Wallacher D, Wendt R, Greco G, Krumrey M, Raoux S, Hoell A, Mascotto S. Direct Observation of the Xenon Physisorption Process in Mesopores by Combining In Situ Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4018-4023. [PMID: 33878272 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The morphology and structural changes of confined matter are still far from being understood. This report deals with the development of a novel in situ method based on the combination of anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to directly probe the evolution of the xenon adsorbate phase in mesoporous silicon during gas adsorption at 165 K. The interface area and size evolution of the confined xenon phase were determined via ASAXS demonstrating that filling and emptying the pores follow two distinct mechanisms. The mass density of the confined xenon was found to decrease prior to pore emptying. XANES analyses showed that Xe exists in two different states when confined in mesopores. This combination of methods provides a smart new tool for the study of nanoconfined matter for catalysis, gas, and energy storage applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eike Gericke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Wallacher
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Wendt
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giorgia Greco
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Krumrey
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Raoux
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Armin Hoell
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Mascotto
- Institut für Anorganische und Angewandte Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz, 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enninful HRNB, Schneider D, Enke D, Valiullin R. Impact of Geometrical Disorder on Phase Equilibria of Fluids and Solids Confined in Mesoporous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:3521-3537. [PMID: 33724041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porous solids used in practical applications often possess structural disorder over broad length scales. This disorder strongly affects different properties of the substances confined in their pore spaces. Quantifying structural disorder and correlating it with the physical properties of confined matter is thus a necessary step toward the rational use of porous solids in practical applications and process optimization. The present work focuses on recent advances made in the understanding of correlations between the phase state and geometric disorder in nanoporous solids. We overview the recently developed statistical theory for phase transitions in a minimalistic model of disordered pore networks: linear chains of pores with statistical disorder. By correlating its predictions with various experimental observations, we show that this model gives notable insight into collective phenomena in phase-transition processes in disordered materials and is capable of explaining self-consistently the majority of the experimental results obtained for gas-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria in mesoporous solids. The potentials of the theory for improving the gas sorption and thermoporometry characterization of porous materials are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry R N B Enninful
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rustem Valiullin
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bridging scales in disordered porous media by mapping molecular dynamics onto intermittent Brownian motion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1043. [PMID: 33589629 PMCID: PMC7884405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their complex morphology and surface, disordered nanoporous media possess a rich diffusion landscape leading to specific transport phenomena. The unique diffusion mechanisms in such solids stem from restricted pore relocation and ill-defined surface boundaries. While diffusion fundamentals in simple geometries are well-established, fluids in complex materials challenge existing frameworks. Here, we invoke the intermittent surface/pore diffusion formalism to map molecular dynamics onto random walk in disordered media. Our hierarchical strategy allows bridging microscopic/mesoscopic dynamics with parameters obtained from simple laws. The residence and relocation times - tA, tB - are shown to derive from pore size d and temperature-rescaled surface interaction ε/kBT. tA obeys a transition state theory with a barrier ~ε/kBT and a prefactor ~10-12 s corrected for pore diameter d. tB scales with d which is rationalized through a cutoff in the relocation first passage distribution. This approach provides a formalism to predict any fluid diffusion in complex media using parameters available to simple experiments.
Collapse
|
10
|
Shahid SS, Kerskens CM, Burrows M, Witney AG. Elucidating the complex organization of neural micro-domains in the locust Schistocerca gregaria using dMRI. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3418. [PMID: 33564031 PMCID: PMC7873062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand brain function it is necessary to characterize both the underlying structural connectivity between neurons and the physiological integrity of these connections. Previous research exploring insect brain connectivity has typically used electron microscopy techniques, but this methodology cannot be applied to living animals and so cannot be used to understand dynamic physiological processes. The relatively large brain of the desert locust, Schistercera gregaria (Forksȧl) is ideal for exploring a novel methodology; micro diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (micro-dMRI) for the characterization of neuronal connectivity in an insect brain. The diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired on a preclinical system using a customised multi-shell diffusion MRI scheme optimized to image the locust brain. Endogenous imaging contrasts from the averaged DWIs and Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI) scheme were applied to classify various anatomical features and diffusion patterns in neuropils, respectively. The application of micro-dMRI modelling to the locust brain provides a novel means of identifying anatomical regions and inferring connectivity of large tracts in an insect brain. Furthermore, quantitative imaging indices derived from the kurtosis model that include fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and kurtosis anisotropy (KA) can be extracted. These metrics could, in future, be used to quantify longitudinal structural changes in the nervous system of the locust brain that occur due to environmental stressors or ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Salman Shahid
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Christian M Kerskens
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Malcolm Burrows
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alice G Witney
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
AbstractLabeling in diffusion measurements by pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR is based on the observation of the phase of nuclear spins acquired in a constant magnetic field with purposefully superimposed field gradients. This labeling does in no way affect microdynamics and provides information about the probability distribution of molecular displacements as a function of time. An introduction of the measuring principle is followed by a detailed description of the ranges of measurements and their limitation. Particular emphasis is given to an explanation of possible pitfalls in the measurements and the ways to circumvent them. Showcases presented for illustrating the wealth of information provided by PFG NMR include a survey on the various patterns of concentration dependence of intra-particle diffusion and examples of transport inhibition by additional transport resistances within the nanoporous particles and on their external surface. The latter information is attained by combination with the outcome of tracer exchange experiments, which are shown to become possible via a special formalism of PFG NMR data analysis. Further evidence provided by PFG NMR concerns diffusion enhancement in pore hierarchies, diffusion anisotropy and the impact of diffusion on chemical conversion in porous catalysts. A compilation of the specifics of PFG NMR and of the parallels with other measurement techniques concludes the paper.
Collapse
|
12
|
Monfared S, Zhou T, Andrade JE, Ioannidou K, Radjaï F, Ulm FJ, Pellenq RJM. Effect of Confinement on Capillary Phase Transition in Granular Aggregates. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:255501. [PMID: 33416387 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.255501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a 3D mean-field lattice-gas model, we analyze the effect of confinement on the nature of capillary phase transition in granular aggregates with varying disorder and their inverse porous structures obtained by interchanging particles and pores. Surprisingly, the confinement effects are found to be much less pronounced in granular aggregates as opposed to porous structures. We show that this discrepancy can be understood in terms of the surface-surface correlation length with a connected path through the fluid domain, suggesting that this length captures the true degree of confinement. We also find that the liquid-gas phase transition in these porous materials is of second order nature near capillary critical temperature, which is shown to represent a true critical temperature, i.e., independent of the degree of disorder and the nature of the solid matrix, discrete or continuous. The critical exponents estimated here from finite-size scaling analysis suggest that this transition belongs to the 3D random field Ising model universality class as hypothesized by F. Brochard and P.G. de Gennes, with the underlying random fields induced by local disorder in fluid-solid interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Monfared
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Tingtao Zhou
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - José E Andrade
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Katerina Ioannidou
- CNRS, University of Montpellier, LMGC, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet F-34090 Montpellier, France
- MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT-Aix-Marseille Université Joint Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Farhang Radjaï
- CNRS, University of Montpellier, LMGC, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet F-34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Franz-Josef Ulm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roland J-M Pellenq
- MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT-Aix-Marseille Université Joint Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Walenszus F, Bon V, Evans JD, Kaskel S, Dvoyashkin M. Molecular Diffusion in a Flexible Mesoporous Metal-Organic Framework over the Course of Structural Contraction. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:9696-9701. [PMID: 33136403 PMCID: PMC9115798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In situ 1H pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR was used to investigate the molecular diffusion of n-butane in the pores of the flexible metal-organic framework DUT-49(Cu) at 298 K at different pore loadings, including pressure ranges below and above the negative gas adsorption (NGA) transition caused by structural contraction of the material. Supported by molecular dynamics simulations, the investigation provided crucial insight into confined diffusion within a highly flexible pore environment. The self-diffusion coefficients were derived from the experiment and compared with simulations, capturing the diffusion during n-butane adsorption and desorption. This complementary approach has yielded experimental characterization of molecular diffusion mechanisms during the unique process of NGA. This includes the observation of a 4-fold decrease of diffusivity within a less than 2 kPa gas pressure variation, corresponding to the NGA transition point.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Walenszus
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jack D. Evans
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Muslim Dvoyashkin
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Universität
Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ryabina AV, Shevchenko VG. Adsorption and Structural Properties of ASD-4 Powder after Surface Modification with Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni Formates. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s003602442011028x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Guiselin B, Berthier L, Tarjus G. Random-field Ising model criticality in a glass-forming liquid. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042129. [PMID: 33212666 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We use computer simulations to investigate the extended phase diagram of a supercooled liquid linearly coupled to a quenched reference configuration. An extensive finite-size scaling analysis demonstrates the existence of a random-field Ising model (RFIM) critical point and of a first-order transition line, in agreement with recent field-theoretical approaches. The dynamics in the vicinity of this critical point resembles the peculiar activated scaling of RFIM-like systems, and the overlap autocorrelation displays a logarithmic stretching. Our study demonstrates RFIM criticality in the thermodynamic limit for a three-dimensional supercooled liquid at equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Guiselin
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Ludovic Berthier
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34095 Montpellier, France.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Tarjus
- LPTMC, CNRS-UMR 7600, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Evans JD, Bon V, Senkovska I, Lee HC, Kaskel S. Four-dimensional metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2690. [PMID: 32483346 PMCID: PMC7264271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16527-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognising timescale as an adjustable dimension in porous solids provides a new perspective to develop novel four-dimensional framework materials. The deliberate design of three-dimensional porous framework architectures is a developed field; however, the understanding of dynamics in open frameworks leaves a number of key questions unanswered: What factors determine the spatiotemporal evolution of deformable networks? Can we deliberately engineer the response of dynamic materials along a time-axis? How can we engineer energy barriers for the selective recognition of molecules? Answering these questions will require significant methodological development to understand structural dynamics across a range of time and length scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Evans
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hui-Chun Lee
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hwang J, Yanagita K, Sakamoto K, Hsu WL, Kataoka S, Endo A, Daiguji H. Water Filling and Emptying Kinetics in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica of the Same Pore Diameter but Different Pore Lengths. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10762-10771. [PMID: 31345034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pore length on the water filling and emptying rates was studied using mesoporous silica (MPS) with same pore diameter but different pore lengths. The pore diameter of the synthesized MPS was ∼8 nm, whereas the average pore lengths were 460, 1,770, and 4000 nm. The gravimetric method was employed to record the time course of the adsorbed mass of water in MPS at 298 K and 1 atm. In both the filling and emptying processes, the relaxation curves (time course of adsorbed mass of water per unit mass of sample) were not significantly related to the pore length. This independence of the initial adsorption and desorption rates on the pore length suggests that the surface of the MPS aggregates is the bottleneck in the overall adsorption and desorption processes and that the initial mass flux in each nanopore is inversely proportional to the pore length. Furthermore, because the relaxation times to reach the equilibrium state were independent of the pore length, the mass flux of water uptake, release, and transport probably increase with an increase in the pore length during the entire adsorption and desorption processes. A transport model to describe these phenomena was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Yanagita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakamoto
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Sho Kataoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I. Hossain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36677, United States
| | - T. Grant Glover
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36677, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Microstructured Optical Waveguide-Based Endoscopic Probe Coated with Silica Submicron Particles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12091424. [PMID: 31052408 PMCID: PMC6539507 DOI: 10.3390/ma12091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microstructured optical waveguides (MOW) are of great interest for chemical and biological sensing. Due to the high overlap between a guiding light mode and an analyte filling of one or several fiber capillaries, such systems are able to provide strong sensitivity with respect to variations in the refractive index and the thickness of filling materials. Here, we introduce a novel type of functionalized MOWs whose capillaries are coated by a layer-by-layer (LBL) approach, enabling the alternate deposition of silica particles (SiO2) at different diameters—300 nm, 420 nm, and 900 nm—and layers of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA). We demonstrate up to three covering bilayers consisting of 300-nm silica particles. Modifications in the MOW transmission spectrum induced by coating are measured and analyzed. The proposed technique of MOW functionalization allows one to reach novel sensing capabilities, including an increase in the effective sensing area and the provision of a convenient scaffold for the attachment of long molecules such as proteins.
Collapse
|
20
|
Schlaich A, Coasne B. Dispersion truncation affects the phase behavior of bulk and confined fluids: Coexistence, adsorption, and criticality. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5085431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bonnet F, Melich M, Puech L, Anglès d'Auriac JC, Wolf PE. On Condensation and Evaporation Mechanisms in Disordered Porous Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5140-5150. [PMID: 30865460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorption isotherm measurement is a standard method for characterizing porous materials. However, such isotherms are generally hysteretic, differing between condensation and evaporation. Quantitative measurement of pore diameter distributions requires proper identification of the mechanisms at play, a topic which has been and remains the subject of intensive studies. In this paper, we compare high-precision measurements of condensation and evaporation of helium in Vycor, a prototypical disordered porous glass, to a model incorporating mechanisms on the single pore level through a semimacroscopic description and collective effects through lattice simulations. Our experiment determines both the average of the fluid density through volumetric measurements and its spatial fluctuations through light scattering. We show that the model consistently accounts for the temperature dependence of the isotherm shape and of the optical signal over a wide temperature range as well as for the existence of thermally activated relaxation effects. This demonstrates that the evaporation mechanism evolves from pure invasion percolation from the sample's surfaces at the lowest temperature to percolation from bulk cavitated sites at larger temperatures. The model also shows that the experimental lack of optical signals during condensation does not imply that condensation is unaffected by network effects. In fact, these effects are strong enough to make most pores to fill at their equilibrium pressure, a situation deeply contrasting the behavior for isolated pores. This implies that, for disordered porous materials, the classical Barrett-Joyner-Halenda approach, when applied to the condensation branch using an extended version of the Kelvin equation, should properly measure the true pore diameter distribution. Our experimental results support this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bonnet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Mathieu Melich
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Laurent Puech
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jain P, Vincent O, Stroock AD. Adsorption, Desorption, and Crystallization of Aqueous Solutions in Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:3949-3962. [PMID: 30786204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b04307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Probing nanoconfined solutions in tortuous, mesoporous media is challenging because of pore size, complex pore connectivity, and the coexistence of multiple components and phases. Here, we use optical reflectance to experimentally investigate the wetting and drying of a mesoporous medium with ∼3-nm-diameter pores containing aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and lithium chloride. We show that the vapor activities (i.e., relative humidities) that correspond to optical features in the isotherms for solutions can be used to deduce the thermodynamic state of a nanoscopic solution that undergoes evaporation and crystallization upon drying and condensation and deliquescence when increasing the relative humidity. We emphasize specific equilibrium states of the system: the onset of draining during desorption and the end of filling during adsorption as well as percolation-induced scattering and crystallization. We find that theoretical arguments involving classical thermodynamics (a modified Kelvin-Laplace equation and classical nucleation theory) explain quantitatively the evolution of the optical features and thereby the state of the solution as a function of imposed vapor activity and solute concentration.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ryabina AV, Shevchenko VG. Adsorption Properties of an Aluminum Powder Modified with Vanadium Pentoxide. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024418110341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
24
|
Capillarity-Driven Oil Flow in Nanopores: Darcy Scale Analysis of Lucas–Washburn Imbibition Dynamics. Transp Porous Media 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
25
|
Forse AC, Gonzalez MI, Siegelman RL, Witherspoon VJ, Jawahery S, Mercado R, Milner PJ, Martell JD, Smit B, Blümich B, Long JR, Reimer JA. Unexpected Diffusion Anisotropy of Carbon Dioxide in the Metal-Organic Framework Zn 2(dobpdc). J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1663-1673. [PMID: 29300483 PMCID: PMC8240119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks are promising materials for energy-efficient gas separations, but little is known about the diffusion of adsorbates in materials featuring one-dimensional porosity at the nanoscale. An understanding of the interplay between framework structure and gas diffusion is crucial for the practical application of these materials as adsorbents or in mixed-matrix membranes, since the rate of gas diffusion within the adsorbent pores impacts the required size (and therefore cost) of the adsorbent column or membrane. Here, we investigate the diffusion of CO2 within the pores of Zn2(dobpdc) (dobpdc4- = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) using pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The residual chemical shift anisotropy for pore-confined CO2 allows PFG NMR measurements of self-diffusion in different crystallographic directions, and our analysis of the entire NMR line shape as a function of the applied field gradient provides a precise determination of the self-diffusion coefficients. In addition to observing CO2 diffusion through the channels parallel to the crystallographic c axis (self-diffusion coefficient D∥ = (5.8 ± 0.1) × 10-9 m2 s-1 at a pressure of 625 mbar CO2), we unexpectedly find that CO2 is also able to diffuse between the hexagonal channels in the crystallographic ab plane (D⊥ = (1.9 ± 0.2) × 10-10 m2 s-1), despite the walls of these channels appearing impermeable by single-crystal X-ray crystallography and flexible lattice MD simulations. Observation of such unexpected diffusion in the ab plane suggests the presence of defects that enable effective multidimensional CO2 transport in a metal-organic framework with nominally one-dimensional porosity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C. Forse
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Berkeley Energy and Climate Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Miguel I. Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Rebecca L. Siegelman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Velencia J. Witherspoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Sudi Jawahery
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Rocio Mercado
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Phillip J. Milner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey D. Martell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Berend Smit
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Institut des Sciences et Ingenierie Chimiques, Valais, École Polytechnique Fedérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Blümich
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey R. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Papaioannou A, Novikov DS, Fieremans E, Boutis GS. Observation of structural universality in disordered systems using bulk diffusion measurement. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:061101. [PMID: 29347412 PMCID: PMC5777292 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.061101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental observation of classical diffusion distinguishing between structural universality classes of disordered systems in one dimension. Samples of hyperuniform and short-range disorder were designed, characterized by the statistics of the placement of micrometer-thin parallel permeable barriers, and the time-dependent diffusion coefficient was measured by NMR methods over three orders of magnitude in time. The relation between the structural exponent, characterizing disorder universality class, and the dynamical exponent of the diffusion coefficient is experimentally verified. The experimentally established relation between structure and transport exemplifies the hierarchical nature of structural complexity-dynamics are mainly determined by the universality class, whereas microscopic parameters affect the nonuniversal coefficients. These results open the way for noninvasive characterization of structural correlations in porous media, complex materials, and biological tissues via a bulk diffusion measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Papaioannou
- City University of New York, The Graduate Center, Department of Physics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dmitry S. Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory S. Boutis
- City University of New York, The Graduate Center, Department of Physics, New York, NY, USA
- City University of New York, Brooklyn College, Department of Physics, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Heo S, Kim J, Ong GK, Milliron DJ. Template-Free Mesoporous Electrochromic Films on Flexible Substrates from Tungsten Oxide Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5756-5761. [PMID: 28786677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature processed mesoporous nanocrystal thin films are platforms for fabricating functional composite thin films on flexible substrates. Using a random arrangement of anisotropic nanocrystals can be a facile solution to generate pores without templates. However, the tendency for anisotropic particles to spontaneously assemble into a compact structure must be overcome. Here, we present a method to achieve random networking of nanorods during solution phase deposition by switching their ligand-stabilized colloidal nature into a charge-stabilized nature by a ligand-stripping chemistry. Ligand-stripped tungsten suboxide (WO2.72) nanorods result in uniform mesoporous thin films owing to repulsive electrostatic forces preventing nanorods from densely packing. Porosity and pore size distribution of thin films are controlled by changing the aspect ratio of the nanorods. This template-free mesoporous structure, achieved without annealing, provides a framework for introducing guest components, therefore enabling our fabrication of inorganic nanocomposite electrochromic films on flexible substrates. Following infilling of niobium polyoxometalate clusters into pores and successive chemical condensation, a WOx-NbOx composite film is produced that selectively controls visible and near-infrared light transmittance without any annealing required. The composite shows rapid switching kinetics and can be stably cycled between optical states over 2000 times. This simple strategy of using anisotropic nanocrystals gives insight into mesoporous thin film fabrication with broader applications for flexible devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungyeon Heo
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jongwook Kim
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Gary K Ong
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Delia J Milliron
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schneider D, Kondrashova D, Valiullin R. Phase transitions in disordered mesoporous solids. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7216. [PMID: 28775331 PMCID: PMC5543148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07406-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluids confined in mesoporous solids exhibit a wide range of physical behavior including rich phase equilibria. While a notable progress in their understanding has been achieved for fluids in materials with geometrically ordered pore systems, mesoporous solids with complex pore geometries still remain a topic of active research. In this work we study phase transitions occurring in statistically disordered linear chains of pores with different pore sizes. By considering, quite generally, two phase change mechanisms, nucleation and phase growth, occurring simultaneously we obtain the boundary transitions and the scanning curves resulting upon reversing the sign of the evolution of the chemical potential at different points along the main transition branches. The results obtained are found to reproduces the key experimental observations, including the emergence of hysteresis and the scanning behavior. By deriving the serial pore model isotherm we suggest a robust framework for reliable structural analysis of disordered mesoporous solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schneider
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daria Kondrashova
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rustem Valiullin
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vincent O, Marguet B, Stroock AD. Imbibition Triggered by Capillary Condensation in Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:1655-1661. [PMID: 28121445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study the spatiotemporal dynamics of water uptake by capillary condensation from unsaturated vapor in mesoporous silicon layers (pore radius rp ≃ 2 nm), taking advantage of the local changes in optical reflectance as a function of water saturation. Our experiments elucidate two qualitatively different regimes as a function of the imposed external vapor pressure: at low vapor pressures, equilibration occurs via a diffusion-like process; at high vapor pressures, an imbibition-like wetting front results in fast equilibration toward a fully saturated sample. We show that the imbibition dynamics can be described by a modified Lucas-Washburn equation that takes into account the liquid stresses implied by Kelvin equation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Vincent
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Bastien Marguet
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Abraham D Stroock
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and ‡Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wee LH, Meledina M, Turner S, Van Tendeloo G, Zhang K, Rodriguez-Albelo LM, Masala A, Bordiga S, Jiang J, Navarro JAR, Kirschhock CEA, Martens JA. 1D-2D-3D Transformation Synthesis of Hierarchical Metal–Organic Framework Adsorbent for Multicomponent Alkane Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:819-828. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lik H. Wee
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200f, B3001 Heverlee,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Meledina
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Turner
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gustaaf Van Tendeloo
- Electron
Microscopy for Materials Science, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, B2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kang Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | | | - Alessio Masala
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Centre of Reference, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bordiga
- Department
of Chemistry, NIS and INSTM Centre of Reference, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Jorge A. R. Navarro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Granada, Av. Fuentenueva
S/N, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Christine E. A. Kirschhock
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200f, B3001 Heverlee,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Centre
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200f, B3001 Heverlee,
Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Garaga MN, Aguilera L, Yaghini N, Matic A, Persson M, Martinelli A. Achieving enhanced ionic mobility in nanoporous silica by controlled surface interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5727-5736. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07351d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Upon chemical modification of the silica surface the ionic mobility is increased by one order of magnitude inside the nano-pores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Negin Yaghini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 41296 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| | | | | | - Anna Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- 41296 Gothenburg
- Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cychosz KA, Guillet-Nicolas R, García-Martínez J, Thommes M. Recent advances in the textural characterization of hierarchically structured nanoporous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:389-414. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00391e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on important aspects of applying physisorption for the pore structural characterization of hierarchical materials such as mesoporous zeolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javier García-Martínez
- University of Alicante
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Campus de San Vicente del Raspeig
- Alicante
- Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lei W, McKenzie DR. Nanoscale Capillary Flows in Alumina: Testing the Limits of Classical Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2647-2652. [PMID: 27336652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have well-formed cylindrical channels, as small as 10 nm in diameter, in a close packed hexagonal array. The channels in AAO membranes simulate very small leaks that may be present for example in an aluminum oxide device encapsulation. The 10 nm alumina channel is the smallest that has been studied to date for its moisture flow properties and provides a stringent test of classical capillary theory. We measure the rate at which moisture penetrates channels with diameters in the range of 10 to 120 nm with moist air present at 1 atm on one side and dry air at the same total pressure on the other. We extend classical theory for water leak rates at high humidities by allowing for variable meniscus curvature at the entrance and show that the extended theory explains why the flow increases greatly when capillary filling occurs and enables the contact angle to be determined. At low humidities our measurements for air-filled channels agree well with theory for the interdiffusive flow of water vapor in air. The flow rate of water-filled channels is one order of magnitude less than expected from classical capillary filling theory and is coincidentally equal to the helium flow rate, validating the use of helium leak testing for evaluating moisture flows in aluminum oxide leaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lei
- School of Physics, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David R McKenzie
- School of Physics, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lee T, Bocquet L, Coasne B. Activated desorption at heterogeneous interfaces and long-time kinetics of hydrocarbon recovery from nanoporous media. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11890. [PMID: 27327254 PMCID: PMC4919511 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrocarbon recovery from unconventional reservoirs (shale gas) is debated due to its environmental impact and uncertainties on its predictability. But a lack of scientific knowledge impedes the proposal of reliable alternatives. The requirement of hydrofracking, fast recovery decay and ultra-low permeability—inherent to their nanoporosity—are specificities of these reservoirs, which challenge existing frameworks. Here we use molecular simulation and statistical models to show that recovery is hampered by interfacial effects at the wet kerogen surface. Recovery is shown to be thermally activated with an energy barrier modelled from the interface wetting properties. We build a statistical model of the recovery kinetics with a two-regime decline that is consistent with published data: a short time decay, consistent with Darcy description, followed by a fast algebraic decay resulting from increasingly unreachable energy barriers. Replacing water by CO2 or propane eliminates the barriers, therefore raising hopes for clean/efficient recovery. Hydrocarbon recovery from gas shale challenges existing frameworks for fluid transport due to the nanoporous nature of the shale. Here, the authors use molecular simulation and statistical models to show that gas recovery is thermally activated due to interfacial effects at the nanoporous surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lee
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Laboratoire de Physique Statistique, UMR CNRS 8550, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Coasne
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, Joint CNRS-MIT Laboratory, UMI CNRS 3466, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, UMR CNRS 5588, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kiepsch S, Pelster R. Interplay of vapor adsorption and liquid imbibition in nanoporous Vycor glass. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:043128. [PMID: 27176411 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.043128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the kinetics of spontaneous capillary rise and of the concurrent vapor adsorption in nanoporous, monolithic samples of Vycor glass with a mean pore diameter of 7.5 nm. As liquids, we have chosen n-alcohols (n=4-10) whose vapor pressures at room temperature range from p_{0}=965 Pa down to p_{0}=0.743 Pa. Dielectric measurements allow us to achieve spatial selectivity to predefined parts of the porous Vycor glass. In this way, we are able to measure the overall uptake of molecules as well as vapor adsorption from the surroundings in unfilled parts of the pore network, i.e., above the liquid menisci of the rising imbibition front. We show that the latter process is unaltered compared to free adsorption in samples suspended above a liquid reservoir. Only at low vapor pressures, i.e., for long alcohols, vapor adsorption can be neglected and the capillary rise follows the theoretical predictions of the Lucas-Washburn sqrt[t] law. The more volatile the alcohol, the more important the additional adsorption of molecules becomes. We show that the overall filling process in the pore network is well described by a superposition of the Lucas-Washburn law and the measured vapor adsorption. In addition, the experiments give insight into the vapor diffusion dynamics in the porous matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kiepsch
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Pelster
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Borman VD, Belogorlov AA, Tronin VN. Anomalously slow relaxation of interacting liquid nanoclusters confined in a porous medium. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:022142. [PMID: 26986323 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.022142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anomalously slow relaxation of clusters of a liquid confined in a disordered system of pores has been studied for the (water-L23 nanoporous medium) system. The evolution of the system of confined liquid clusters consists of a fast formation stage followed by slow relaxation of the system and its decay. The characteristic time for the formation of the initial state is τ(p)∼10 s after the reduction of excess pressure after complete filling. Anomalously slow relaxation has been observed for times of 10(1)-10(5) s, and decay has been observed at times of >10(5) s. The time dependence of the volume fraction θ of pores filled with the confined liquid is described by a power law θ∼t(-α) with the exponent α<0.15. The exponent α and temperature dependence α(T) are qualitatively described theoretically for the case of a slightly polydisperse medium in a mean-field approximation with the inclusion of the interaction of liquid clusters and averaging over various degenerate local configurations of clusters. In this approximation, slow relaxation is represented as a continuous transition through a sequence of metastable states of the system of clusters with a decreasing barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V D Borman
- Department of Molecular Physics, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A A Belogorlov
- Department of Molecular Physics, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - V N Tronin
- Department of Molecular Physics, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Kashirskoe sh. 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hülsmann M, Kirschner KN, Krämer A, Heinrich DD, Krämer-Fuhrmann O, Reith D. Optimizing Molecular Models Through Force-Field Parameterization via the Efficient Combination of Modular Program Packages. FOUNDATIONS OF MOLECULAR MODELING AND SIMULATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1128-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
38
|
Abstract
This review presents the state-of-the-art of multiscale adsorption and transport in hierarchical porous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Coasne
- Université Grenoble Alpes
- LIPHY
- F-38000 Grenoble
- France
- CNRS
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schneider D, Mehlhorn D, Zeigermann P, Kärger J, Valiullin R. Transport properties of hierarchical micro–mesoporous materials. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:3439-67. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work provides an overview of different experimental techniques of diffusion measurements in porous materials and discusses transport properties of several classes of hierarchically organized micro-mesoporous materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schneider
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Leipzig
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Dirk Mehlhorn
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Leipzig
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Philipp Zeigermann
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Leipzig
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Jörg Kärger
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Leipzig
- Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Rustem Valiullin
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences
- University of Leipzig
- Leipzig
- Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Nano-architecture of gustatory chemosensory bristles and trachea in Drosophila wings. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14198. [PMID: 26381332 PMCID: PMC4585653 DOI: 10.1038/srep14198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Drosophila wing anterior margin, the dendrites of gustatory neurons occupy the interior of thin and long bristles that present tiny pores at their extremities. Many attempts to measure ligand-evoked currents in insect wing gustatory neurons have been unsuccessful for technical reasons. The functions of this gustatory activity therefore remain elusive and controversial. To advance our knowledge on this understudied tissue, we investigated the architecture of the wing chemosensory bristles and wing trachea using Raman spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy. We hypothesized that the wing gustatory hair, an open-ended capillary tube, and the wing trachea constitute biological systems similar to nano-porous materials. We present evidence that argues in favour of the existence of a layer or a bubble of air beneath the pore inside the gustatory hair. We demonstrate that these hollow hairs and wing tracheal tubes fulfil conditions for which the physics of fluids applied to open-ended capillaries and porous materials are relevant. We also document that the wing gustatory hair and tracheal architectures are capable of trapping volatile molecules from the environment, which might increase the efficiency of their spatial detection by way of wing vibrations or during flight.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mitropoulos AC, Stefanopoulos KL, Favvas EP, Vansant E, Hankins NP. On the Formation of Nanobubbles in Vycor Porous Glass during the Desorption of Halogenated Hydrocarbons. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10943. [PMID: 26047466 PMCID: PMC4650640 DOI: 10.1038/srep10943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vycor porous glass has long served as a model mesoporous material. During the physical adsorption of halogenated hydrocarbon vapours, such as dibromomethane, the adsorption isotherm exhibits an hysteresis loop; a gradual ascent is observed at higher pressures during adsorption, and a sharp drop is observed at lower pressures during desorption. For fully wetting fluids, an early hypothesis attributed the hysteresis to mechanistic differences between capillary condensation (adsorption) and evaporation (desorption) processes occurring in the wide bodies and narrow necks, respectively, of ‘ink-bottle’ pores. This was later recognized as oversimplified when the role of network percolation was included. For the first time, we present in-situ small angle x-ray scattering measurements on the hysteresis effect which indicate nanobubble formation during desorption, and support an extended picture of network percolation. The desorption pattern can indeed result from network percolation; but this can sometimes be initiated by a local cavitation process without pore blocking, which is preceded by the temporary, heterogeneous formation of nanobubbles involving a change in wetting states. The capacity of the system to sustain such metastable states is governed by the steepness of the desorption boundary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Mitropoulos
- Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Hephaestus Lab, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, Kavala, St. Lucas 65404, Greece
| | - K L Stefanopoulos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 153 41, Attica, Greece
| | - E P Favvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 153 41, Attica, Greece
| | - E Vansant
- 1] Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Hephaestus Lab, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, Kavala, St. Lucas 65404, Greece [2] Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - N P Hankins
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Subcontinuum mass transport of condensed hydrocarbons in nanoporous media. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6949. [PMID: 25901931 PMCID: PMC4421809 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydrocarbon production from unconventional reservoirs, the so-called shale gas, has exploded recently, reliable predictions of resource availability and extraction are missing because conventional tools fail to account for their ultra-low permeability and complexity. Here, we use molecular simulation and statistical mechanics to show that continuum description--Darcy's law--fails to predict transport in shales nanoporous matrix (kerogen). The non-Darcy behaviour arises from strong adsorption in kerogen and the breakdown of hydrodynamics at the nanoscale, which contradict the assumption of viscous flow. Despite this complexity, all permeances collapse on a master curve with an unexpected dependence on alkane length. We rationalize this non-hydrodynamic behaviour using a molecular description capturing the scaling of permeance with alkane length and density. These results, which stress the need for a change of paradigm from classical descriptions to nanofluidic transport, have implications for shale gas but more generally for transport in nanoporous media.
Collapse
|
44
|
Falk K, Coasne B, Pellenq R, Ulm FJ, Bocquet L. Subcontinuum mass transport of condensed hydrocarbons in nanoporous media. Nat Commun 2015. [PMID: 25901931 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7949.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hydrocarbon production from unconventional reservoirs, the so-called shale gas, has exploded recently, reliable predictions of resource availability and extraction are missing because conventional tools fail to account for their ultra-low permeability and complexity. Here, we use molecular simulation and statistical mechanics to show that continuum description--Darcy's law--fails to predict transport in shales nanoporous matrix (kerogen). The non-Darcy behaviour arises from strong adsorption in kerogen and the breakdown of hydrodynamics at the nanoscale, which contradict the assumption of viscous flow. Despite this complexity, all permeances collapse on a master curve with an unexpected dependence on alkane length. We rationalize this non-hydrodynamic behaviour using a molecular description capturing the scaling of permeance with alkane length and density. These results, which stress the need for a change of paradigm from classical descriptions to nanofluidic transport, have implications for shale gas but more generally for transport in nanoporous media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Falk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Benoit Coasne
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Roland Pellenq
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Ulm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Lydéric Bocquet
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and MultiScale Material Science for Energy and Environment UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huber P. Soft matter in hard confinement: phase transition thermodynamics, structure, texture, diffusion and flow in nanoporous media. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:103102. [PMID: 25679044 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/10/103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Spatial confinement in nanoporous media affects the structure, thermodynamics and mobility of molecular soft matter often markedly. This article reviews thermodynamic equilibrium phenomena, such as physisorption, capillary condensation, crystallisation, self-diffusion, and structural phase transitions as well as selected aspects of the emerging field of spatially confined, non-equilibrium physics, i.e. the rheology of liquids, capillarity-driven flow phenomena, and imbibition front broadening in nanoporous materials. The observations in the nanoscale systems are related to the corresponding bulk phenomenologies. The complexity of the confined molecular species is varied from simple building blocks, like noble gas atoms, normal alkanes and alcohols to liquid crystals, polymers, ionic liquids, proteins and water. Mostly, experiments with mesoporous solids of alumina, gold, carbon, silica, and silicon with pore diameters ranging from a few up to 50 nm are presented. The observed peculiarities of nanopore-confined condensed matter are also discussed with regard to applications. A particular emphasis is put on texture formation upon crystallisation in nanoporous media, a topic both of high fundamental interest and of increasing nanotechnological importance, e.g. for the synthesis of organic/inorganic hybrid materials by melt infiltration, the usage of nanoporous solids in crystal nucleation or in template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nano structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Huber
- Hamburg University of Technology (TUHH), Institute of Materials Physics and Technology, Eißendorfer Str. 42, D-21073 Hamburg-Harburg (Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Boţan A, Ulm FJ, Pellenq RJM, Coasne B. Bottom-up model of adsorption and transport in multiscale porous media. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:032133. [PMID: 25871080 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.032133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We develop a model of transport in multiscale porous media which accounts for adsorption in the different porosity scales. This model employs statistical mechanics to upscale molecular simulation and describe adsorption and transport at larger time and length scales. Using atom-scale simulations, which capture the changes in adsorption and transport with temperature, pressure, pore size, etc., this approach does not assume any adsorption or flow type. Moreover, by relating the local chemical potential μ(r) and density ρ(r), the present model accounts for adsorption effects and possible changes in the confined fluid state upon transport. This model constitutes a bottom-up framework of adsorption and transport in multiscale materials as it (1) describes the adsorption-transport interplay, (2) accounts for the hydrodynamics breakdown at the nm scale, and (3) is multiscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Boţan
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Franz-Josef Ulm
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roland J-M Pellenq
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benoit Coasne
- MultiScale Materials Science for Energy and Environment, UMI 3466 CNRS-MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Casselman JA, Desouza A, Monson PA. Modelling the dynamics of condensation and evaporation of fluids in three-dimensional slit pores. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1009954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
48
|
Schneider D, Valiullin R, Monson PA. Modeling the influence of side stream and ink bottle structures on adsorption/desorption dynamics of fluids in long pores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:188-198. [PMID: 25486536 DOI: 10.1021/la503482j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We apply dynamic mean field theory to study relaxation dynamics for lattice models of fluids confined in linear pores with side streams and with ink bottle structures. Our results show several mechanisms for how the pore structure affects the dynamics, and these are amplified in longer pores. An important conclusion of this work is that features such as side streams and ink bottle segments can substantially slow the equilibration of fluids confined in long pore systems where the pore lengths can be more than 100 micrometers, such as in porous silicon. This may make it difficult to properly equilibrate these systems for states close to those where the pores should be completely filled with liquids. The presence of trapped bubbles in the system may change the desorption characteristics of the system and the shape of the hysteresis loops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schneider
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig , 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schappert K, Pelster R. Unexpected sorption-induced deformation of nanoporous glass: evidence for spatial rearrangement of adsorbed argon. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14004-14013. [PMID: 25358117 DOI: 10.1021/la502974w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of substances in pores generally results in a deformation of the porous matrix. The clarification of this effect is of particular importance for the recovery of methane and the geological storage of CO2. As a model system, we study the macroscopic deformation of nanoporous Vycor glass during the sorption of argon using capacitative measurements of the length change of the sample. Upon desorption we observe an unpredicted sharp contraction and re-expansion peak, which contains information on the draining mechanism of the porous sample. We have modified the theoretical model by Gor and Neimark1 to predict the sorption-induced deformation of (partly) filled porous samples. In this analysis, the contraction is attributed to a metastable or nonequilibrium configuration where a thin surface layer on the pore walls coexists with capillary bridges. Alternatively, pore blocking and cavitation during the draining of the polydisperse pore network can be at the origin of the deformation peak. The results are a substantial step toward a correlation between the spatial configuration of adsorbate, its interaction with the host material, and the resulting deformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Schappert
- FR 7.2 Experimentalphysik, Universität des Saarlandes , 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|