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Sannikov DA, Baranikov AV, Putintsev AD, Misko M, Zasedatelev AV, Scherf U, Lagoudakis PG. Room temperature, cascadable, all-optical polariton universal gates. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5362. [PMID: 38918407 PMCID: PMC11199649 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, almost all information processing is performed using electronic logic circuits operating at several gigahertz frequency. All-optical logic holds the promise to allow for up to three orders of magnitude higher speed. Whereas essential all-optical transistor functionalities were demonstrated across a range of platforms, utilising them to implement a complete Boolean logic gate set and in particular negation, i.e. switching off an optical signal with another, weaker, optical signal, poses a major challenge. Here, we realize a cascadable NOT gate by introducing the concept of non-ground-state polariton amplification in organic semiconductor microcavities under non-resonant optical excitation. We unravel the importance of vibron-mediated stimulated scattering in room temperature operation of the inverter. Moreover, we extend the concept to a multi-input universal NOR logic gate, where in the presence of any of the input signals non-ground-state amplification supersedes spontaneous ground-state condensation, resulting in a NOR gate with ~1 ps switching time. The realisation of an ultrafast universal logic gate constitutes an essential step for more complex optical circuitry that could boost information processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis A Sannikov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Baranikov
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton D Putintsev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Misko
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton V Zasedatelev
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry Group and Institute for Polymer Technology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gauss-Strasse 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Pavlos G Lagoudakis
- Hybrid Photonics Laboratory, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Territory of Innovation Center Skolkovo, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, building 1, 121205, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Adhikari S, Smit R, Orrit M. Future Paths in Cryogenic Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:3-18. [PMID: 38229590 PMCID: PMC10788914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c06564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the last three decades, cryogenic single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy has provided average-free understanding of the photophysics and of fundamental interactions at molecular scales. Furthermore, they propose original pathways and applications in the treatment and storage of quantum information. The ultranarrow lifetime-limited zero-phonon line acts as an excellent sensor to local perturbations caused either by intrinsic dynamical degrees of freedom, or by external perturbations, such as those caused by electric fields, elastic and acoustic deformations, or light-induced dynamics. Single aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, being sensitive to nanoscale probing at nanometer scales, are potential miniaturized platforms for integrated quantum photonics. In this Perspective, we look back at some of the past advances in cryogenic optical microscopy and propose some perspectives for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Smit
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens−Kamerlingh
Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Yu ZF, Xue JK. Photonic transistor based on a coupled-cavity system with polaritons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:26276-26288. [PMID: 37710491 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the transmission of probe fields in a coupled-cavity system with polaritons and propose a theoretical schema for realizing a polariton-based photonic transistor. When probe light passes through such a hybrid optomechanical device, its resonant point with Stokes or anti-Stokes scattered effects, intensity with amplification or attenuation effects, as well as group velocity with slow or fast light effects can be effectively controlled by another pump light. This controlling depends on the exciton-photon coupling and single-photon coupling. We also discover an asymmetric Fano resonance in transparency windows under the strong exciton-photon coupling, which is different from general symmetric optomechanically induced transparency. Our results open up exciting possibilities for designing photonic transistors, which may be useful for implementing polariton integrated circuits.
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4
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Chu XL, Papon C, Bart N, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Midolo L, Rotenberg N, Lodahl P. Independent Electrical Control of Two Quantum Dots Coupled through a Photonic-Crystal Waveguide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:033606. [PMID: 37540854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.033606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Efficient light-matter interaction at the single-photon level is of fundamental importance in emerging photonic quantum technology. A fundamental challenge is addressing multiple quantum emitters at once, as intrinsic inhomogeneities of solid-state platforms require individual tuning of each emitter. We present the realization of two semiconductor quantum dot emitters that are efficiently coupled to a photonic-crystal waveguide and individually controllable by applying a local electric Stark field. We present resonant transmission and fluorescence spectra in order to probe the coupling of the two emitters to the waveguide. We exploit the single-photon stream from one quantum dot to perform spectroscopy on the second quantum dot positioned 16 μm away in the waveguide. Furthermore, power-dependent resonant transmission measurements reveal signatures of coherent coupling between the emitters. Our work provides a scalable route to realizing multiemitter collective coupling, which has inherently been missing for solid-state deterministic photon emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liu Chu
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Camille Papon
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikolai Bart
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonardo Midolo
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Lodahl
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Sirleto L, Righini GC. An Introduction to Nonlinear Integrated Photonics: Structures and Devices. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:614. [PMID: 36985020 PMCID: PMC10051308 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The combination of integrated optics technologies with nonlinear photonics, which has led to growth of nonlinear integrated photonics, has also opened the way to groundbreaking new devices and applications. In a companion paper also submitted for publication in this journal, we introduce the main physical processes involved in nonlinear photonics applications and discuss the fundaments of this research area. The applications, on the other hand, have been made possible by availability of suitable materials with high nonlinear coefficients and/or by design of guided-wave structures that can enhance a material's nonlinear properties. A summary of the traditional and innovative nonlinear materials is presented there. Here, we discuss the fabrication processes and integration platforms, referring to semiconductors, glasses, lithium niobate, and two-dimensional materials. Various waveguide structures are presented. In addition, we report several examples of nonlinear photonic integrated devices to be employed in optical communications, all-optical signal processing and computing, or in quantum optics. We aimed at offering a broad overview, even if, certainly, not exhaustive. However, we hope that the overall work will provide guidance for newcomers to this field and some hints to interested researchers for more detailed investigation of the present and future development of this hot and rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Sirleto
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems (ISASI), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo C. Righini
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara” (IFAC), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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6
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Wan S, Li K, Zou M, Hong D, Xie M, Tan H, Scheblykin IG, Tian Y. All-Optical Switching Based on Sub-Bandgap Photoactivation of Charge Trapping in Metal Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209851. [PMID: 36608687 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Controllable optical properties are crucial for the application of light-emitting materials in optical devices. In this work, controllable photoluminescence in metal halide perovskite crystals is realized via photoactivation of their defects. It is found that under continuous excitation, the photoluminescence intensity of a CH3 NH3 PbBr3 crystal can be fully controlled by sub-bandgap energy photon illumination. Such optically controllable emission behavior is rather general as it is observed also in CsPbBr3 and other perovskite materials. The switching mechanism is assigned to reversible light-induced activation/deactivation of nonradiative recombination centers, the presence of which relates to an excess of Pb during perovskite synthesis. Given the success of perovskites in photovoltaics and optoelectronics, it is believed that the discovery of green luminescence controlled by red illumination will extend the application scope of perovskites toward optical devices and intelligent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ke Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Meijun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Daocheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Mingcai Xie
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ivan G Scheblykin
- Chemical Physics and Nano Lund, Lund University, PO Box 118, Lund, 22100, Sweden
| | - Yuxi Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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7
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Yamamoto T, Sugawara Y. Development of low-temperature and ultrahigh-vacuum photoinduced force microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:033702. [PMID: 37012760 DOI: 10.1063/5.0132166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we develop optical and electronic systems for photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM) that can measure photoinduced forces under low temperature and ultrahigh vacuum (LT-UHV) without artifacts. For our LT-UHV PiFM, light is irradiated from the side on the tip-sample junction, which can be adjusted through the combination of an objective lens inside the vacuum chamber and a 90° mirror outside the vacuum chamber. We measured photoinduced forces due to the electric field enhancement between the tip and the Ag surface, and confirmed that photoinduced force mapping and measurement of photoinduced force curves were possible using the PiFM that we developed. The Ag surface was used to measure the photoinduced force with high sensitivity, and it is effective in enhancing the electric field using the plasmon gap mode between the metal tip and the metal surface. Additionally, we confirmed the necessity of Kelvin feedback during the measurement of photoinduced forces, to avoid artifacts due to electrostatic forces, by measuring photoinduced forces on organic thin films. The PiFM, operating under low temperature and ultrahigh vacuum developed here, is a promising tool to investigate the optical properties of various materials with very high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Sugawara
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Upadhyay V, Gandhi P, Juneja R, Marathe R. Heat current magnification in classical and quantum spin networks. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:034120. [PMID: 37072978 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.034120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigate heat current magnification (CM) due to asymmetry in the number of spins in two-branched classical as well as quantum spin systems that are kept between two heat baths at different temperatures. We study the classical Ising-like spin models using Q2R and Creutz cellular automaton dynamics. We show that just the difference in the number of spins is not enough and some other source of asymmetry like unequal spin-spin interaction strengths in the upper and lower branches is required for heat CM. We also provide a suitable physical motivation for CM along with ways to control and manipulate it. We then extend this study to a quantum system with modified Heisenberg XXZ interaction and preserved magnetization. Interestingly, in this case, just the asymmetry in the number of spins in the branches is enough to achieve heat CM. We observe that the onset of CM is accompanied by a dip in the total heat current flowing through the system. We then discuss how the observed CM characteristics can be attributed to the intersection of nondegenerate energy levels, population inversion, and atypical magnetization trends as a function of the asymmetry parameter in the Heisenberg XXZ Hamiltonian. Finally we use the concept of ergotropy to support our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Upadhyay
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110 016, India
| | - Poshika Gandhi
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rohit Juneja
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110 016, India
| | - Rahul Marathe
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110 016, India
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9
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Paul P, Samanta S, Mallick A, Majumdar T. All-Photonic Diode and Transistor Actions Motorized by Cascade Excitation Energy Transfer. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Trebbia JB, Deplano Q, Tamarat P, Lounis B. Tailoring the superradiant and subradiant nature of two coherently coupled quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2962. [PMID: 35618729 PMCID: PMC9135760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The control and manipulation of quantum-entangled states is crucial for the development of quantum technologies. A promising route is to couple solid-state quantum emitters through their optical dipole-dipole interactions. Entanglement in itself is challenging, as it requires both nanometric distances between emitters and nearly degenerate electronic transitions. Here we implement hyperspectral imaging to identify pairs of coupled dibenzanthanthrene molecules, and find distinctive spectral signatures of maximally entangled superradiant and subradiant electronic states by tuning the molecular optical resonances with Stark effect. We demonstrate far-field selective excitation of the long-lived subradiant delocalized state with a laser field tailored in amplitude and phase. Optical nanoscopy of the coupled molecules unveils spatial signatures that result from quantum interferences in their excitation pathways and reveal the location of each emitter. Controlled electronic-states superposition will help deciphering more complex physical or biological mechanisms governed by the coherent coupling and developing quantum information schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-B Trebbia
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - Q Deplano
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - P Tamarat
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France
| | - B Lounis
- Univ Bordeaux, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France.
- Institut d'Optique & CNRS, LP2N, F-33405, Talence, France.
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11
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Wei Y, Liu S, Li X, Yu Y, Su X, Li S, Shang X, Liu H, Hao H, Ni H, Yu S, Niu Z, Iles-Smith J, Liu J, Wang X. Tailoring solid-state single-photon sources with stimulated emissions. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:470-476. [PMID: 35410369 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01092-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coherent interaction of electromagnetic fields with solid-state two-level systems can yield deterministic quantum light sources for photonic quantum technologies. To date, the performance of semiconductor single-photon sources based on three-level systems is limited mainly due to a lack of high photon indistinguishability. Here we tailor the cavity-enhanced spontaneous emission from a ladder-type three-level system in a single epitaxial quantum dot through stimulated emission. After populating the biexciton (XX) of the quantum dot through two-photon resonant excitation, we use another laser pulse to selectively depopulate the XX state into an exciton (X) state with a predefined polarization. The stimulated XX-X emission modifies the X decay dynamics and improves the characteristics of a polarized single-photon source, such as a source brightness of 0.030(2), a single-photon purity of 0.998(1) and an indistinguishability of 0.926(4). Our method can be readily applied to existing quantum dot single-photon sources and expands the capabilities of three-level systems for advanced quantum photonic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbin Su
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shulun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangjun Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiming Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiqiao Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattice and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jake Iles-Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuehua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Adhikari S, Orrit M. Progress and perspectives in single-molecule optical spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:160903. [PMID: 35489995 DOI: 10.1063/5.0087003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review some of the progress of single-molecule optical experiments in the past 20 years and propose some perspectives for the coming years. We particularly focus on methodological advances in fluorescence, super-resolution, photothermal contrast, and interferometric scattering and briefly discuss a few of the applications. These advances have enabled the exploration of new emitters and quantum optics; the chemistry and biology of complex heterogeneous systems, nanoparticles, and plasmonics; and the detection and study of non-fluorescing and non-absorbing nano-objects. We conclude by proposing some ideas for future experiments. The field will move toward more and better signals of a broader variety of objects and toward a sharper view of the surprising complexity of the nanoscale world of single (bio-)molecules, nanoparticles, and their nano-environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasis Adhikari
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Zeng HZJ, Ngyuen MAP, Ai X, Bennet A, Solnstev AS, Laucht A, Al-Juboori A, Toth M, Mildren RP, Malaney R, Aharonovich I. Integrated room temperature single-photon source for quantum key distribution. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1673-1676. [PMID: 35363706 DOI: 10.1364/ol.454450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-purity single-photon sources (SPS) that can operate at room temperature are highly desirable for a myriad of applications, including quantum photonics and quantum key distribution. In this work, we realize an ultra-bright solid-state SPS based on an atomic defect in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) integrated with a solid immersion lens (SIL). The SIL increases the source efficiency by a factor of six, and the integrated system is capable of producing over ten million single photons per second at room temperature. Our results are promising for practical applications of SPS in quantum communication protocols.
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14
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Tang L, Tang J, Chen M, Nori F, Xiao M, Xia K. Quantum Squeezing Induced Optical Nonreciprocity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:083604. [PMID: 35275662 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.083604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose an all-optical approach to achieve optical nonreciprocity on a chip by quantum squeezing one of two coupled resonator modes. By parametric pumping a χ^{(2)}-nonlinear resonator unidirectionally with a classical coherent field, we squeeze the resonator mode in a selective direction due to the phase-matching condition, and induce a chiral photon interaction between two resonators. Based on this chiral interresonator coupling, we achieve an all-optical diode and a three-port quasicirculator. By applying a second squeezed-vacuum field to the squeezed resonator mode, our nonreciprocal device also works for single-photon pulses. We obtain an isolation ratio of >40 dB for the diode and fidelity of >98% for the quasicirculator, and insertion loss of <1 dB for both. We also show that nonreciprocal transmission of strong light can be switched on and off by a relative weak pump light. This achievement implies a nonreciprocal optical transistor. Our protocol opens up a new route to achieve integrable all-optical nonreciprocal devices permitting chip-compatible optical isolation and nonreciporcal quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiangshan Tang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Mingyuan Chen
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Franco Nori
- RIKEN Quantum Computing Center, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Min Xiao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Keyu Xia
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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15
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Zirkelbach J, Mirzaei M, Deperasinska I, Kozankiewicz B, Gurlek B, Shkarin A, Utikal T, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. High-resolution vibronic spectroscopy of a single molecule embedded in a crystal. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:104301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0081297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Boleslaw Kozankiewicz
- Radiation Physics and Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Burak Gurlek
- Sandoghdar Division, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Utikal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Germany
| | | | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Division Sandoghdar, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Germany
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16
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Toninelli C, Gerhardt I, Clark AS, Reserbat-Plantey A, Götzinger S, Ristanović Z, Colautti M, Lombardi P, Major KD, Deperasińska I, Pernice WH, Koppens FHL, Kozankiewicz B, Gourdon A, Sandoghdar V, Orrit M. Single organic molecules for photonic quantum technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1615-1628. [PMID: 33972762 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Isolating single molecules in the solid state has allowed fundamental experiments in basic and applied sciences. When cooled down to liquid helium temperature, certain molecules show transition lines that are tens of megahertz wide, limited by only the excited-state lifetime. The extreme flexibility in the synthesis of organic materials provides, at low costs, a wide palette of emission wavelengths and supporting matrices for such single chromophores. In the past few decades, their controlled coupling to photonic structures has led to an optimized interaction efficiency with light. Molecules can hence be operated as single-photon sources and as nonlinear elements with competitive performance in terms of coherence, scalability and compatibility with diverse integrated platforms. Moreover, they can be used as transducers for the optical read-out of fields and material properties, with the promise of single-quanta resolution in the sensing of charges and motion. We show that quantum emitters based on single molecules hold promise to play a key role in the development of quantum science and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Toninelli
- CNR-INO, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- LENS, European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
| | - I Gerhardt
- Institute for Quantum Science and Technology (IQST) and 3rd Institute of Physics, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A S Clark
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A Reserbat-Plantey
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - S Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Z Ristanović
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, LION, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Colautti
- CNR-INO, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- LENS, European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - P Lombardi
- CNR-INO, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- LENS, European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - K D Major
- Centre for Cold Matter, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Deperasińska
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W H Pernice
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - F H L Koppens
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - V Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, LION, Leiden, The Netherlands
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17
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Smit R, Ristanović Z, Kozankiewicz B, Orrit M. Reverse Intersystem Crossing of Single Deuterated Perylene Molecules in a Dibenzothiophene Matrix. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100679. [PMID: 34780094 PMCID: PMC9299031 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intersystem crossing to the long-lived metastable triplet state is often a strong limitation on fluorescence brightness of single molecules, particularly for perylene in various matrices. In this paper, we report on a strong excitation-induced reverse intersystem crossing (rISC), a process where single perylene molecules in a dibenzothiophene matrix recover faster from the triplet state, turning into bright emitters at saturated excitation powers. With a detailed study of single-molecule fluorescence autocorrelations, we quantify the effect of rISC. The intrinsic lifetimes found for the two effective triplet states (8.5±0.4 ms and 64±12 ms) become significantly shorter, into the sub-millisecond range, as the excitation power increases and fluorescence brightness is ultimately enhanced at least fourfold. Our results are relevant for the understanding of triplet state manipulation of single-molecule quantum emitters and for markedly improving their brightness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Smit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, LION, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Zoran Ristanović
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, LION, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bolesław Kozankiewicz
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel Orrit
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, LION, Postbus 9504, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Feofanov M, Lungerich D, Akhmetov V, Amsharov K. Synthesis of Dumbbell‐Like DBATT Dimers**. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS) and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering Advanced Science Institute Yonsei University Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Vladimir Akhmetov
- Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 D-06120 Halle Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Institute of Chemistry Organic Chemistry Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2 D-06120 Halle Germany
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19
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Heintz J, Markešević N, Gayet EY, Bonod N, Bidault S. Few-Molecule Strong Coupling with Dimers of Plasmonic Nanoparticles Assembled on DNA. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14732-14743. [PMID: 34469108 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid nanostructures, in which a known number of quantum emitters are strongly coupled to a plasmonic resonator, should feature optical properties at room temperature such as few-photon nonlinearities or coherent superradiant emission. We demonstrate here that this coupling regime can only be reached with dimers of gold nanoparticles in stringent experimental conditions, when the interparticle spacing falls below 2 nm. Using a short transverse DNA double-strand, we introduce five dye molecules in the gap between two 40 nm gold particles and actively decrease its length down to sub-2 nm values by screening electrostatic repulsion between the particles at high ionic strengths. Single-nanostructure scattering spectroscopy then evidence the observation of a strong-coupling regime in excellent agreement with electrodynamic simulations. Furthermore, we highlight the influence of the planar facets of polycrystalline gold nanoparticles on the probability of observing strongly coupled hybrid nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Heintz
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nemanja Markešević
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elise Y Gayet
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bonod
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 52 Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Bidault
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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20
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Pscherer A, Meierhofer M, Wang D, Kelkar H, Martín-Cano D, Utikal T, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Single-Molecule Vacuum Rabi Splitting: Four-Wave Mixing and Optical Switching at the Single-Photon Level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:133603. [PMID: 34623836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.133603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A single quantum emitter can possess a very strong intrinsic nonlinearity, but its overall promise for nonlinear effects is hampered by the challenge of efficient coupling to incident photons. Common nonlinear optical materials, on the other hand, are easy to couple to but are bulky, imposing a severe limitation on the miniaturization of photonic systems. In this Letter, we show that a single organic molecule acts as an extremely efficient nonlinear optical element in the strong coupling regime of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We report on single-photon sensitivity in nonlinear signal generation and all-optical switching. Our work promotes the use of molecules for applications such as integrated photonic circuits operating at very low powers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Pscherer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daqing Wang
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hrishikesh Kelkar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diego Martín-Cano
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Utikal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen D-91052, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Fujiwara M, Shikano Y. Diamond quantum thermometry: from foundations to applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:482002. [PMID: 34416739 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac1fb1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diamond quantum thermometry exploits the optical and electrical spin properties of colour defect centres in diamonds and, acts as a quantum sensing method exhibiting ultrahigh precision and robustness. Compared to the existing luminescent nanothermometry techniques, a diamond quantum thermometer can be operated over a wide temperature range and a sensor spatial scale ranging from nanometres to micrometres. Further, diamond quantum thermometry is employed in several applications, including electronics and biology, to explore these fields with nanoscale temperature measurements. This review covers the operational principles of diamond quantum thermometry for spin-based and all-optical methods, material development of diamonds with a focus on thermometry, and examples of applications in electrical and biological systems with demand-based technological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masazumi Fujiwara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yutaka Shikano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Dr, Orange, CA 92866, United States of America
- JST PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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22
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Coherent characterisation of a single molecule in a photonic black box. Nat Commun 2021; 12:706. [PMID: 33514731 PMCID: PMC7846597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extinction spectroscopy is a powerful tool for demonstrating the coupling of a single quantum emitter to a photonic structure. However, it can be challenging in all but the simplest of geometries to deduce an accurate value of the coupling efficiency from the measured spectrum. Here we develop a theoretical framework to deduce the coupling efficiency from the measured transmission and reflection spectra without precise knowledge of the photonic environment. We then consider the case of a waveguide interrupted by a transverse cut in which an emitter is placed. We apply that theory to a silicon nitride waveguide interrupted by a gap filled with anthracene that is doped with dibenzoterrylene molecules. We describe the fabrication of these devices, and experimentally characterise the waveguide coupling of a single molecule in the gap. The authors develop a method to measure the coupling between a single photon source and any arbitrary photonic structure having constant density of electromagnetic states over the linewidth of the emitter. They demonstrate this method by an experiment on a single molecule coupled to an interrupted nanophotonic waveguide.
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23
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Ghasemi S, Moth-Poulsen K. Single molecule electronic devices with carbon-based materials: status and opportunity. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:659-671. [PMID: 33406181 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07844a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of single molecule electronics has progressed remarkably in the past decades by allowing for more versatile molecular functions and improving device fabrication techniques. In particular, electrodes made from carbon-based materials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) may enable parallel fabrication of multiple single molecule devices. In this perspective, we review the recent progress in the field of single molecule electronics, with a focus on devices that utilizes carbon-based electrodes. The paper is structured in three main sections: (i) controlling the molecule/graphene electrode interface using covalent and non-covalent approaches, (ii) using CNTs as electrodes for fabricating single molecule devices, and (iii) a discussion of possible future directions employing new or emerging 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Göteborg, Sweden.
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24
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Liu S, Lin X, Liu F, Lei H, Fang W, Jin C. Observation of photon antibunching with only one standard single-photon detector. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:013105. [PMID: 33514246 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The second-order photon correlation function g2(τ) is of great importance in quantum optics. g2(τ) is typically measured with the Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) interferometer, which employs a pair of single-photon detectors and a dual-channel time acquisition module. Here, we demonstrate a new method to measure and extract g2(τ) with a standard single-photon avalanche photodiode (dead-time = 22 ns) and a single-channel time acquisition module. This is realized by shifting the coincidence counts of interest to a time window not affected by the dead-time and after-pulse of the detection system using a fiber-based delay line. The new scheme is verified by measuring g2(τ) from a single colloidal nanocrystal. Photon antibunching is unambiguously observed and agrees well with the result measured using the standard HBT setup. Our scheme simplifies the higher-order correlation technique and might be favored in cost-sensitive circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Hairui Lei
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance & Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Chaoyuan Jin
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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25
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Xia X, Zhang X, Xu J, Li H, Li N, Yang Y. All-optical negative differential transporter of Bose-Einstein condensates in cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29966-29975. [PMID: 33114884 DOI: 10.1364/oe.400767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a new and interesting physical phenomenon of optical negative differential transmission (ONDT, whose output intensity decreases with the increasing of input field intensity for an arbitrary optical system) in present BEC-cavity coupling system which pumped by a strong light and probed by a weak light. Theoretical results show that the transmission of the probe can be suppressed or promoted greatly by the pump due to optical nonlinearity and the Stokes/anti-Stokes scattering. To our most interest, two kinds of ONDT respectively induced by the nonlinear incoherent light-controlling and the nonlinear coherent interference have been uncovered, which have promising prospect in producing hyper-stable light source since it provides an unusual negative feedback.
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26
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Cano D, Ferrier A, Soundarapandian K, Reserbat-Plantey A, Scarafagio M, Tallaire A, Seyeux A, Marcus P, Riedmatten HD, Goldner P, Koppens FHL, Tielrooij KJ. Fast electrical modulation of strong near-field interactions between erbium emitters and graphene. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4094. [PMID: 32796825 PMCID: PMC7427803 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17899-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining the quantum optical properties of single-photon emitters with the strong near-field interactions available in nanophotonic and plasmonic systems is a powerful way of creating quantum manipulation and metrological functionalities. The ability to actively and dynamically modulate emitter-environment interactions is of particular interest in this regard. While thermal, mechanical and optical modulation have been demonstrated, electrical modulation has remained an outstanding challenge. Here we realize fast, all-electrical modulation of the near-field interactions between a nanolayer of erbium emitters and graphene, by in-situ tuning the Fermi energy of graphene. We demonstrate strong interactions with a >1000-fold increased decay rate for ~25% of the emitters, and electrically modulate these interactions with frequencies up to 300 kHz - orders of magnitude faster than the emitter's radiative decay (~100 Hz). This constitutes an enabling platform for integrated quantum technologies, opening routes to quantum entanglement generation by collective plasmon emission or photon emission with controlled waveform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cano
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Alban Ferrier
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.,Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, Sorbonne Universités, UFR 933, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Karuppasamy Soundarapandian
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Antoine Reserbat-Plantey
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marion Scarafagio
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Tallaire
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Seyeux
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Marcus
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Philippe Goldner
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Université PSL, Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Frank H L Koppens
- ICFO - Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860, Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain. .,ICREA - Institució Catalana de Reçerca i Estudis Avancats, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Klaas-Jan Tielrooij
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), BIST and CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain.
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27
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Qin L, Huang Y, Xia F, Wang L, Ning J, Chen H, Wang X, Zhang W, Peng Y, Liu Q, Zhang Z. 5 nm Nanogap Electrodes and Arrays by Super-resolution Laser Lithography. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4916-4923. [PMID: 32559096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of reliable, mass-produced, and cost-effective sub-10 nm nanofabrication technology leads to an unprecedented level of integration of photonic devices. In this work, we describe the development of a laser direct writing (LDW) lithography technique with ∼5 nm feature size, which is about 1/55 of the optical diffraction limit of the LDW system (405 nm laser and 0.9 NA objective), and the realization of 5 nm nanogap electrodes. This LDW lithography exhibits an attractive capability of well-site control and mass production of ∼5 × 105 nanogap electrodes per hour, breaking the trade-off between resolution and throughput in a nanofabrication technique. Nanosensing chips have been demonstrated with the as-obtained nanogap electrodes, where controllable surface enhancement Raman scattering of rhodamine 6G has been realized via adjusting the gap width and, especially, the applied bias voltages. Our results establish that such a low-cost and high-efficient lithography technology has great potential to fabricate compact integrated circuits and biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences and Technology, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lab of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Feng Xia
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiqiang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Suzhou HWN Nanotec. Co., LTD., Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yong Peng
- School of Physical Sciences and Technology, Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lab of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qian Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, China
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28
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Yang C, Qin A, Tang BZ, Guo X. Fabrication and functions of graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:120902. [PMID: 32241145 DOI: 10.1063/1.5144275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in the field of single-molecule electronics, which are expected to overcome the limitation of the miniaturization of silicon-based microdevices, thus promoting the development of device manufacturing technologies and characterization means. In addition to this, they can enable us to investigate the intrinsic properties of materials at the atomic- or molecular-length scale and probe new phenomena that are inaccessible in ensemble experiments. In this perspective, we start from a brief introduction on the manufacturing method of graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions (GMG-SMJs). Then, we make a description on the remarkable functions of GMG-SMJs, especially on the investigation of single-molecule charge transport and dynamics. Finally, we conclude by discussing the main challenges and future research directions of molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, Center for Aggregation-Induced Emission, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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29
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Ðorđević L, Valentini C, Demitri N, Mézière C, Allain M, Sallé M, Folli A, Murphy D, Mañas‐Valero S, Coronado E, Bonifazi D. O‐Doped Nanographenes: A Pyrano/Pyrylium Route Towards Semiconducting Cationic Mixed‐Valence Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4106-4114. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luka Ðorđević
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Cataldo Valentini
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone Trieste S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park 34149 Basovizza, Trieste Italy
| | - Cécile Mézière
- MOLTECH-Anjou—UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Magali Allain
- MOLTECH-Anjou—UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Marc Sallé
- MOLTECH-Anjou—UMR CNRS 6200, UNIV Angers, SFR Matrix 2 Boulevard Lavoisier 49045 Angers Cedex France
| | - Andrea Folli
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Damien Murphy
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Samuel Mañas‐Valero
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular Universitat de València Catedrático José Beltrán 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular Universitat de València Catedrático José Beltrán 2 46980 Paterna Spain
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School of Chemistry Cardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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30
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O‐Doped Nanographenes: A Pyrano/Pyrylium Route Towards Semiconducting Cationic Mixed‐Valence Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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31
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Feofanov M, Akhmetov V, Sharapa DI, Amsharov K. Modular Approach to the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Angular Fused Acenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:1698-1702. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feofanov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vladimir Akhmetov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Institut für Katalyseforschung und -Technologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
- South Ural State University, pr. Lenina 76, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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32
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Prakash V, Bianchet LC, Cuairan MT, Gomez P, Bruno N, Mitchell MW. Narrowband photon pairs with independent frequency tuning for quantum light-matter interactions. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:38463-38478. [PMID: 31878613 DOI: 10.1364/oe.382474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe a cavity-enhanced spontaneous parametric down-conversion (CE-SPDC) source for narrowband photon pairs with filters designed such that 97.7% of the correlated photons are in a single mode of 4.3(4) MHz bandwidth. Type-II phase matching, a tuneable-birefringence resonator, MHz-resolution pump tuning, and tuneable Fabry-Perot filters are used to achieve independent signal and idler tuning. We map the CE-SPDC spectrum using difference frequency generation to precisely locate the emission clusters, demonstrate CE-SPDC driven atomic spectroscopy, and measure a contribution from unwanted modes of 7.7%. The generated photon pairs efficiently interact with neutral rubidium, a well-developed system for quantum networking and quantum simulation. The techniques are readily extensible to other material systems.
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33
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Khazali M, Murray CR, Pohl T. Polariton Exchange Interactions in Multichannel Optical Networks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:113605. [PMID: 31573258 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We examine the dynamics of Rydberg polaritons with dipolar interactions that propagate in multiple spatial modes. The dipolar excitation exchange between different Rydberg states mediates an effective exchange between polaritons that enables photons to hop across different spatial channels. Remarkably, the efficiency of this photon exchange process can increase with the channel distance and becomes optimal at a finite rail separation. Based on this mechanism, we design a simple photonic network that realizes a two photon quantum gate with a robust π phase, protected by the symmetries of the underlying photon interaction and the geometry of the network. These capabilities expand the scope of Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency towards multidimensional geometries for nonlinear optical networks and explorations of photonic many-body physics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Callum R Murray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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34
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Santos AC, Çakmak B, Campbell S, Zinner NT. Stable adiabatic quantum batteries. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:032107. [PMID: 31639993 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.032107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of quantum technologies comes the requirement of building quantum components able to store energy to be used whenever necessary, i.e., quantum batteries. In this paper we exploit an adiabatic protocol to ensure a stable charged state of a three-level quantum battery which allows one to avoid the spontaneous discharging regime. We study the effects of the most relevant sources of noise on the charging process, and, as an experimental proposal, we discuss superconducting transmon qubits. In addition we study the self-discharging of our quantum battery where it is shown that spectrum engineering can be used to delay such phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Gragoatá, 24210-346 Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barış Çakmak
- College of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, 34353 Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Steve Campbell
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nikolaj T Zinner
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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35
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Trebbia JB, Baby R, Tamarat P, Lounis B. 3D optical nanoscopy with excited state saturation at liquid helium temperatures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:23486-23496. [PMID: 31510625 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.023486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a 3D fluorescence nanoscopy method operating at cryogenic temperatures, based on optical saturation of the excited state of individual molecules. Using a focused laser beam structured with a zero-intensity central region surrounded by intensity gradients in the three space directions, we achieve a sub-30 nm 3D optical resolution. Moreover, the analysis of the fluorescence scanning images of single molecules reveals the 3D orientation of their transition dipole with an accuracy of a few degrees. This method provides a valuable tool for locating neighboring molecules with overlapping optical transitions in order to study their interactions.
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36
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de Ponte MA, Santos AC. Shortening time scale to reduce thermal effects in quantum transistors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10470. [PMID: 31320672 PMCID: PMC6639392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we present a quantum transistor model based on a network of coupled quantum oscillators destined to quantum information processing tasks in linear optics. To this end, we show in an analytical way how a set of N quantum oscillators (data-bus) can be used as an optical quantum switch, in which the energy gap of the data bus oscillators plays the role of an adjustable "potential barrier". This enables us to "block or allow" the quantum information to flow from the source to the drain. In addition, we discuss how this device can be useful for implementing single qubit phase-shift quantum gates with high fidelity, so that it can be used as a useful tool. To conclude, during the study of the performance of our device when considering the interaction of this with a thermal reservoir, we highlight the important role played by the set of oscillators which constitute the data-bus in reducing the unwanted effects of the thermal reservoir. This is achieved by reducing the information exchange time (shortening time scale) between the desired oscillators. In particular, we have identified a non-trivial criterion in which the ideal size of the data-bus can be obtained so that it presents the best possible performance. We believe that our study can be perfectly adapted to a large number of thermal reservoir models.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A de Ponte
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Experimental de Itapeva, Rua Geraldo Alckmin, 519, Vila N. Sra de Fátima, 18409-010, Itapeva, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Alan C Santos
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. General Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Gragoatá, 24210-346, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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37
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Kargı C, Naseem MT, Opatrný T, Müstecaplıoğlu ÖE, Kurizki G. Quantum optical two-atom thermal diode. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:042121. [PMID: 31108591 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.042121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We put forward a quantum-optical model for a thermal diode based on heat transfer between two thermal baths through a pair of interacting qubits. We find that if the qubits are coupled by a Raman field that induces an anisotropic interaction, heat flow can become nonreciprocal and undergoes rectification even if the baths produce equal dissipation rates of the qubits, and these qubits can be identical, i.e., mutually resonant. The heat flow rectification is explained by four-wave mixing and Raman transitions between dressed states of the interacting qubits and is governed by a global master equation. The anisotropic two-qubit interaction is the key to the operation of this simple quantum thermal diode, whose resonant operation allows for high-efficiency rectification of large heat currents. Effects of spatial overlap of the baths are addressed. We discuss the possible realizations of the model in various platforms, including optomechanical setups, systems of trapped ions, and circuit QED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cahit Kargı
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Tahir Naseem
- Department of Physics, Koç University, 34450 Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomáš Opatrný
- Department of Optics, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 50, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gershon Kurizki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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38
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Single-photon transistor based on cavity electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atomic ensemble. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4723. [PMID: 30886320 PMCID: PMC6423282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A scheme is presented to realize a single-photon transistor based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) with Rydberg atomic ensemble. By combining the advantages of the cavity-enhanced interaction and Rydberg blockade, we achieve a high gain single-photon transistor. The numerical calculation shows that by using one single gate photon more than one thousand source photons can be switched.
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39
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Zhang X, Chen L, Lim KH, Gonuguntla S, Lim KW, Pranantyo D, Yong WP, Yam WJT, Low Z, Teo WJ, Nien HP, Loh QW, Soh S. The Pathway to Intelligence: Using Stimuli-Responsive Materials as Building Blocks for Constructing Smart and Functional Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804540. [PMID: 30624820 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Systems that are intelligent have the ability to sense their surroundings, analyze, and respond accordingly. In nature, many biological systems are considered intelligent (e.g., humans, animals, and cells). For man-made systems, artificial intelligence is achieved by massively sophisticated electronic machines (e.g., computers and robots operated by advanced algorithms). On the other hand, freestanding materials (i.e., not tethered to a power supply) are usually passive and static. Hence, herein, the question is asked: can materials be fabricated so that they are intelligent? One promising approach is to use stimuli-responsive materials; these "smart" materials use the energy supplied by a stimulus available from the surrounding for performing a corresponding action. After decades of research, many interesting stimuli-responsive materials that can sense and perform smart functions have been developed. Classes of functions discussed include practical functions (e.g., targeting and motion), regulatory functions (e.g., self-regulation and amplification), and analytical processing functions (e.g., memory and computing). The pathway toward creating truly intelligent materials can involve incorporating a combination of these different types of functions into a single integrated system by using stimuli-responsive materials as the basic building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Linfeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kang Hui Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Spandhana Gonuguntla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Kang Wen Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Dicky Pranantyo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wai Pong Yong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wei Jian Tyler Yam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Zhida Low
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wee Joon Teo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Hao Ping Nien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qiao Wen Loh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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40
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Lungerich D, Papaianina O, Feofanov M, Liu J, Devarajulu M, Troyanov SI, Maier S, Amsharov K. Dehydrative π-extension to nanographenes with zig-zag edges. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4756. [PMID: 30420660 PMCID: PMC6232111 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zig-zag nanographenes are promising candidates for the applications in organic electronics due to the electronic properties induced by their periphery. However, the synthetic access to these compounds remains virtually unexplored. There is a lack in efficient and mild strategies origins in the reduced stability, increased reactivity, and low solubility of these compounds. Herein we report a facile access to pristine zig-zag nanographenes, utilizing an acid-promoted intramolecular reductive cyclization of arylaldehydes, and demonstrate a three-step route to nanographenes constituted of angularly fused tetracenes or pentacenes. The mild conditions are scalable to gram quantities and give insoluble nanostructures in close to quantitative yields. The strategy allows the synthesis of elusive low bandgap nanographenes, with values as low as 1.62 eV. Compared to their linear homologues, the structures have an increased stability in the solid-state, even though computational analyses show distinct diradical character. The structures were confirmed by X-ray diffraction or scanning tunneling microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lungerich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry & Molecular Technology Innovation Presidential Endowed Chair, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Olena Papaianina
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mikhail Feofanov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mirunalini Devarajulu
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sergey I Troyanov
- Chemistry Department, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erwin-Rommel-Str. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Amsharov
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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41
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Wang K, Zhang W, Gao Z, Yan Y, Lin X, Dong H, Zhang C, Zhang W, Yao J, Zhao YS. Stimulated Emission-Controlled Photonic Transistor on a Single Organic Triblock Nanowire. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13147-13150. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b04699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianqing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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42
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Ahn J, Xu Z, Bang J, Allcca AEL, Chen YP, Li T. Stable emission and fast optical modulation of quantum emitters in boron nitride nanotubes. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3778-3781. [PMID: 30067678 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Atom-like defects in two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) have recently emerged as a promising platform for quantum information science. Here, we investigate single-photon emissions from atomic defects in boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). We demonstrate the first, to the best of our knowledge, optical modulation of the quantum emission from BNNTs with a near-infrared laser. This one-dimensional system displays a bright single-photon emission, as well as high stability at room temperature, and is an excellent candidate for optomechanics. The fast optical modulation of a single-photon emission shows multiple electronic levels of the system and has potential applications in optical signal processing.
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43
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Murray CR, Mirgorodskiy I, Tresp C, Braun C, Paris-Mandoki A, Gorshkov AV, Hofferberth S, Pohl T. Photon Subtraction by Many-Body Decoherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:113601. [PMID: 29601756 PMCID: PMC6467281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically investigate the scattering of a photonic quantum field from another stored in a strongly interacting atomic Rydberg ensemble. Considering the many-body limit of this problem, we derive an exact solution to the scattering-induced spatial decoherence of multiple stored photons, allowing for a rigorous understanding of the underlying dissipative quantum dynamics. Combined with our experiments, this analysis reveals a correlated coherence-protection process in which the scattering from one excitation can shield all others from spatial decoherence. We discuss how this effect can be used to manipulate light at the quantum level, providing a robust mechanism for single-photon subtraction, and experimentally demonstrate this capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Murray
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - I Mirgorodskiy
- 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - C Tresp
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - C Braun
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A Paris-Mandoki
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - A V Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S Hofferberth
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense-M, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Matter, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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44
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Ramos T, García-Ripoll JJ. Multiphoton Scattering Tomography with Coherent States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:153601. [PMID: 29077426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we develop an experimental procedure to interrogate the single- and multiphoton scattering matrices of an unknown quantum system interacting with propagating photons. Our proposal requires coherent state laser or microwave inputs and homodyne detection at the scatterer's output, and provides simultaneous information about multiple-elastic and inelastic-segments of the scattering matrix. The method is resilient to detector noise and its errors can be made arbitrarily small by combining experiments at various laser powers. Finally, we show that the tomography of scattering has to be performed using pulsed lasers to efficiently gather information about the nonlinear processes in the scatterer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Ramos
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, Madrid 28006, Spain
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Türschmann P, Rotenberg N, Renger J, Harder I, Lohse O, Utikal T, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Chip-Based All-Optical Control of Single Molecules Coherently Coupled to a Nanoguide. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4941-4945. [PMID: 28671833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of many proposals in nanoquantum-optics depends on the efficient coupling of photons to individual quantum emitters, the possibility to control this interaction on demand, and the scalability of the experimental platform. To address these issues, we report on chip-based systems made of one-dimensional subwavelength dielectric waveguides (nanoguides) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. We discuss the design and fabrication requirements, present data on extinction spectroscopy of single molecules coupled to a nanoguide mode, and show how an external optical beam can switch the propagation of light via a nonlinear optical process. The presented architecture paves the way for the investigation of many-body phenomena and polaritonic states and can be readily extended to more complex geometries for the realization of quantum integrated photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Türschmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nir Rotenberg
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Renger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Irina Harder
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Lohse
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Utikal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light , Staudtstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Ma X, James AR, Hartmann NF, Baldwin JK, Dominguez J, Sinclair MB, Luk TS, Wolf O, Liu S, Doorn SK, Htoon H, Brener I. Solitary Oxygen Dopant Emission from Carbon Nanotubes Modified by Dielectric Metasurfaces. ACS NANO 2017; 11:6431-6439. [PMID: 28535349 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
All-dielectric metasurfaces made from arrays of high index nanoresonators supporting strong magnetic dipole modes have emerged as a low-loss alternative to plasmonic metasurfaces. Here we use oxygen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as quantum emitters and couple them to silicon metasurfaces to study effects of the magnetic dipole modes of the constituent nanoresonators on the photoluminescence (PL) of individual SWCNTs. We find that when in resonance, the magnetic mode of the silicon nanoresonators can lead to a moderate average PL enhancement of 0.8-4.0 of the SWCNTs, accompanied by an average increase in the radiative decay rate by a factor of 1.5-3.0. More interestingly, single dopant polarization experiments show an anomalous photoluminescence polarization rotation by coupling individual SWCNTs to silicon nanoresonators. Numerical simulations indicate that this is caused by modification of near-field polarization distribution at certain areas in the proximity of the silicon nanoresonators at the excitation wavelength, thus presenting an approach to control emission polarization. These findings indicate silicon nanoresonators as potential building blocks of quantum photonic circuits capable of manipulating PL intensity and polarization of single photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Ma
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Anthony R James
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Nicolai F Hartmann
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jon K Baldwin
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jason Dominguez
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Michael B Sinclair
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Ting S Luk
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Omri Wolf
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Stephen K Doorn
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Han Htoon
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Materials Physics and Applications Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Igal Brener
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Valente D, Brito F, Werlang T. Dynamic Stark shift induced by a single photon packet. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1692-1695. [PMID: 28454137 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic Stark shift results from the interaction of an atom with the electromagnetic field. We show how a propagating single-photon wave packet can induce a time-dependent dynamical Stark shift on a two-level system (TLS). A non-perturbative fully quantum treatment is employed, where the quantum dynamics of both the field and the TLS are analyzed. We also provide the means to experimentally access such time-dependent frequency by measuring the interference pattern in the electromagnetic field inside a 1D waveguide. The effect we evidence here may find applications in the autonomous quantum control of quantum systems without classical external fields, which can be useful for quantum information processing as well as for quantum thermodynamical tasks.
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Photonic transistor and router using a single quantum-dot-confined spin in a single-sided optical microcavity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45582. [PMID: 28349960 PMCID: PMC5368657 DOI: 10.1038/srep45582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The future Internet is very likely the mixture of all-optical Internet with low power consumption and quantum Internet with absolute security guaranteed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Photons would be used for processing, routing and com-munication of data, and photonic transistor using a weak light to control a strong light is the core component as an optical analogue to the electronic transistor that forms the basis of modern electronics. In sharp contrast to previous all-optical tran-sistors which are all based on optical nonlinearities, here I introduce a novel design for a high-gain and high-speed (up to terahertz) photonic transistor and its counterpart in the quantum limit, i.e., single-photon transistor based on a linear optical effect: giant Faraday rotation induced by a single electronic spin in a single-sided optical microcavity. A single-photon or classical optical pulse as the gate sets the spin state via projective measurement and controls the polarization of a strong light to open/block the photonic channel. Due to the duality as quantum gate for quantum information processing and transistor for optical information processing, this versatile spin-cavity quantum transistor provides a solid-state platform ideal for all-optical networks and quantum networks.
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Accanto N, de Roque PM, Galvan-Sosa M, Christodoulou S, Moreels I, van Hulst NF. Rapid and robust control of single quantum dots. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16239. [PMID: 30167237 PMCID: PMC6062170 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The combination of single particle detection and ultrafast laser pulses is an instrumental method to track dynamics at the femtosecond time scale in single molecules, quantum dots and plasmonic nanoparticles. Optimal control of the extremely short-lived coherences of these individual systems has so far remained elusive, yet its successful implementation would enable arbitrary external manipulation of otherwise inaccessible nanoscale dynamics. In ensemble measurements, such control is often achieved by resorting to a closed-loop optimization strategy, where the spectral phase of a broadband laser field is iteratively optimized. This scheme needs long measurement times and strong signals to converge to the optimal solution. This requirement is in conflict with the nature of single emitters whose signals are weak and unstable. Here we demonstrate an effective closed-loop optimization strategy capable of addressing single quantum dots at room temperature, using as feedback observable the two-photon photoluminescence induced by a phase-controlled broadband femtosecond laser. Crucial to the optimization loop is the use of a deterministic and robust-against-noise search algorithm converging to the theoretically predicted solution in a reduced amount of steps, even when operating at the few-photon level. Full optimization of the single dot luminescence is obtained within ~100 trials, with a typical integration time of 100 ms per trial. These times are faster than the typical photobleaching times in single molecules at room temperature. Our results show the suitability of the novel approach to perform closed-loop optimizations on single molecules, thus extending the available experimental toolbox to the active control of nanoscale coherences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Accanto
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Pablo M de Roque
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | | | - Sotirios Christodoulou
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Iwan Moreels
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Niek F van Hulst
- ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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Ordonez-Miranda J, Ezzahri Y, Joulain K. Quantum thermal diode based on two interacting spinlike systems under different excitations. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022128. [PMID: 28297864 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that two interacting spinlike systems characterized by different excitation frequencies and coupled to a thermal bath each, can be used as a quantum thermal diode capable of efficiently rectifying the heat current. This is done by deriving analytical expressions for both the heat current and rectification factor of the diode, based on the solution of a master equation for the density matrix. Higher rectification factors are obtained for lower heat currents, whose magnitude takes their maximum values for a given interaction coupling proportional to the temperature of the hotter thermal bath. It is shown that the rectification ability of the diode increases with the excitation frequencies difference, which drives the asymmetry of the heat current, when the temperatures of the thermal baths are inverted. Furthermore, explicit conditions for the optimization of the rectification factor and heat current are explicitly found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ordonez-Miranda
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, Futuroscope Chasseneuil F-86962, France
| | - Younès Ezzahri
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, Futuroscope Chasseneuil F-86962, France
| | - Karl Joulain
- Institut Pprime, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, ISAE-ENSMA, Futuroscope Chasseneuil F-86962, France
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