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Saha A, Pushpa, Moitra S, Basak D, Brahma S, Mondal D, Molla SH, Samadder A, Nandi S. Targeting Cysteine Proteases and their Inhibitors to Combat Trypanosomiasis. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2135-2169. [PMID: 37340748 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230619160509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trypanosomiasis, caused by protozoan parasites of the Trypanosoma genus, remains a significant health burden in several regions of the world. Cysteine proteases play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma parasites and have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs. INTRODUCTION This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of cysteine proteases in trypanosomiasis and their potential as therapeutic targets. We discuss the biological significance of cysteine proteases in Trypanosoma parasites and their involvement in essential processes, such as host immune evasion, cell invasion, and nutrient acquisition. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and research articles on the role of cysteine proteases and their inhibitors in trypanosomiasis. The selected studies were critically analyzed to extract key findings and provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. RESULTS Cysteine proteases, such as cruzipain, TbCatB and TbCatL, have been identified as promising therapeutic targets due to their essential roles in Trypanosoma pathogenesis. Several small molecule inhibitors and peptidomimetics have been developed to target these proteases and have shown promising activity in preclinical studies. CONCLUSION Targeting cysteine proteases and their inhibitors holds great potential for the development of novel antiparasitic drugs against trypanosomiasis. The identification of potent and selective cysteine protease inhibitors could significantly contribute to the combat against trypanosomiasis and improve the prospects for the treatment of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloke Saha
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Pushpa
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Susmita Moitra
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Deblina Basak
- Endocrinology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sayandeep Brahma
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Dipu Mondal
- Cell and Developmental Biology Special, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sabir Hossen Molla
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur, 244713, India
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2
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Wu Y, Thomas GM, Thomsen M, Bahri S, Lieberman RL. Lipid environment modulates processivity and kinetics of a presenilin homolog acting on multiple substrates in vitro. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105401. [PMID: 38270390 PMCID: PMC10679502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases (IPs) hydrolyze peptides in the lipid membrane. IPs participate in a number of cellular pathways including immune response and surveillance, and cholesterol biosynthesis, and they are exploited by viruses for replication. Despite their broad importance across biology, how activity is regulated in the cell to control protein maturation and release of specific bioactive peptides at the right place and right time remains largely unanswered, particularly for the intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) subtype. At a molecular biochemical level, different IAP homologs can cleave non-biological substrates, and there is no sequence recognition motif among the nearly 150 substrates identified for just one IAP, presenilin-1, the catalytic component of γ-secretase known for its involvement in the production of amyloid-β plaques associated with Alzheimer disease. Here we used gel-based assays combined with quantitative mass spectrometry and FRET-based kinetics assays to probe the cleavage profile of the presenilin homolog from the methanogen Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1 as a function of the surrounding lipid-mimicking environment, either detergent micelles or bicelles. We selected four biological IAP substrates that have not undergone extensive cleavage profiling previously, namely, the viral core protein of Hepatitis C virus, the viral core protein of Classical Swine Fever virus, the transmembrane segment of Notch-1, and the tyrosine receptor kinase ErbB4. Our study demonstrates a proclivity toward cleavage of substrates at positions of low average hydrophobicity and a consistent role for the lipid environment in modulating kinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gwendell M Thomas
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Max Thomsen
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sara Bahri
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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3
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Edson CB, Liu M, Totsingan F, O’Berg E, Salvucci J, Dao U, Khare SD, Gross RA. Monomer Choice Influences N-Acryloyl Amino Acid Grafter Conversion via Protease Catalysis. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:1798-1809. [PMID: 36996092 PMCID: PMC10139737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
End-capped peptides modified with reactive functional groups on the N-terminus provide a route to prepare peptide-polymer conjugates for a broad range of applications. Unfortunately, current chemical methods to construct modified peptides rely largely on solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), which lacks green preparative characteristics and is costly, thus limiting its applicability to specialty applications such as regenerative medicine. This work evaluates N-terminally modified N-acryloyl-glutamic acid diethyl ester, N-acryloyl-leucine ethyl ester, and N-acryloyl-alanine ethyl ester as grafters and papain as the protease for the direct addition of amino acid ethyl ester (AA-OEt) monomers via protease-catalyzed peptide synthesis (PCPS) and the corresponding formation of N-acryloyl-functionalized oligopeptides in a one-pot aqueous reaction. It was hypothesized that by building N-acryloyl grafters from AA-OEt monomers that are known to be good substrates for papain in PCPS, the corresponding grafters would yield high grafter conversions, high ratio of grafter-oligopeptide to free NH2-oligopeptide, and high overall yield. However, this work demonstrates based on the grafter/monomers studied herein that the dominant factor in N-acryloyl-AA-OEt grafter conversion is the co-monomer used in co-oligomerizations. Computational modeling using Rosetta qualitatively recapitulates the results and provides insight into the structural and energetic bases underlying substrate selectivity. The findings herein expand our knowledge of factors that determine the efficiency of preparing N-acryloyl-terminated oligopeptides by PCPS that could provide practical routes to peptide macromers for conjugation to polymers and surfaces for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody B. Edson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 St. Troy, NY 12180
| | - Melinda Liu
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Filbert Totsingan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 St. Troy, NY 12180
| | - Evan O’Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 St. Troy, NY 12180
| | - John Salvucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 St. Troy, NY 12180
| | - Uyen Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 St. Troy, NY 12180
| | - Sagar D. Khare
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Richard A. Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8 St. Troy, NY 12180
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4
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Díaz-Cervantes E, Robles J, Solà M, Swart M. The peptide bond rupture mechanism in the serine proteases: an in silico study based on sequential scale models. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:8043-8049. [PMID: 36876585 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04872h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of serine proteases for biochemical processes, we have studied the peptide bond rupture mechanism using three sequential scale models as representations of the KLK5 enzyme (a protein overexpressed in ovarian cancer). The first model contains the basic functional groups of the residues that conform to the catalytic triad present in serine proteases; the second model contains some additional residues and, finally, the last representation includes all atoms of the KLK5 protein together with 10.000 explicit water molecules. This separation into three scale models allows us to separate the intrinsic reactivity of the catalytic triad from the process taking place in the enzyme. The methodologies employed in this work include full DFT calculations with a dielectric continuum in the first two models and a multi-level setup with a Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) partition in the whole protein system. Our results show that the peptide-bond rupture mechanism is a stepwise process involving two proton transfer reactions. The rate-determining step is the second proton transfer from the imidazole group to the amidic nitrogen of the substrate. In addition, we find that the simplest model does not provide accurate results compared to the full protein system. This can be attributed to the electronic stabilization conferred by the residues around the reaction site. Interestingly, the energy profile obtained with the second scale model with additional residues shows the same trends as the full system and could therefore be considered an appropriate model system. It could be used for studying the peptide bond rupture mechanism in case full QM/MM calculations cannot be performed, or as a rapid tool for screening purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Díaz-Cervantes
- Departamento de Alimentos, Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste, Universidad de Guanajuato, 37975 Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato, Mexico.,Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Juvencio Robles
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Gto. 36050, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
| | - Marcel Swart
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain. .,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Tonazzi A, Giangregorio N, Console L, Calvano CD, Prejanò M, Scalise M, Incampo G, Marino T, Russo N, Cataldi TRI, Indiveri C. Inhibition of the carnitine acylcarnitine carrier by carbon monoxide reveals a novel mechanism of action with non-metal-containing proteins. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:395-403. [PMID: 35792242 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Both toxic and physiological effects of CO are mostly caused by well described interactions with heme-groups of proteins. Interactions of CO with non-heme proteins have also been unveiled. Besides interaction of CO with mitochondrial heme containing respiratory complexes, a BK channel and the phosphate carrier which do not contain metal cofactors, have been identified as CO targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of interaction with non-metal-containing proteins are not understood. We show in this work the effect of CO on the mitochondrial carnitine carrier (SLC25A20) using CORM-3, a widely recognized CO releasing compound. CO exerts an inhibitory effect at the micromolar concentration on the transport function of the transporter extracted from treated mitochondria. The effect is due to a single Cys residue, C136 as revealed by mass spectrometry analysis. A computational approach predicted the need for vicinal Asp and Lys residues for the C136 carbonylation to occur. These data demonstrate a novel mechanism of interaction of CO with a protein not containing metal atoms and will enable the prediction of CO targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Tonazzi
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giangregorio
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Lara Console
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Prejanò
- Department CTC (Chemistry and Chemical Technology) University of Calabria, Via Bucci 14C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Scalise
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Giovanna Incampo
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Marino
- Department CTC (Chemistry and Chemical Technology) University of Calabria, Via Bucci 14C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department CTC (Chemistry and Chemical Technology) University of Calabria, Via Bucci 14C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), via Amendola 122/O, 70126, Bari, Italy; Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Via Bucci 4C, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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6
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Yang Q, Wang W. The Nuclear Translocation of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Human Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:890186. [PMID: 35846361 PMCID: PMC9277552 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.890186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of heme to generate carbon monoxide (CO), free iron and biliverdin, which could then be converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. HO-1 exhibits cytoprotective effects of anti-apoptosis, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammation via these byproducts generated during the above process. In the last few years, despite the canonical function of HO-1 and possible biological significance of its byproducts, a noncanonical function, through which HO-1 exhibits functions in diseases independent of its enzyme activity, also has been reported. In this review, the noncanonical functions of HO-1 and its translocation in other subcellular compartments are summarized. More importantly, we emphasize the critical role of HO-1 nuclear translocation in human diseases. Intriguingly, this translocation was linked to tumorigenesis and tumor progression in lung, prostate, head, and neck squamous cell carcinomas and chronic myeloid leukemia. Given the importance of HO-1 nuclear translocation in human diseases, nuclear HO-1 as a novel target might be attractive for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenqian Wang,
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7
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Feilen LP, Chen SY, Fukumori A, Feederle R, Zacharias M, Steiner H. Active site geometry stabilization of a presenilin homolog by the lipid bilayer promotes intramembrane proteolysis. eLife 2022; 11:76090. [PMID: 35579427 PMCID: PMC9282858 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleavage of membrane proteins in the lipid bilayer by intramembrane proteases is crucial for health and disease. Although different lipid environments can potently modulate their activity, how this is linked to their structural dynamics is unclear. Here, we show that the carboxy-peptidase-like activity of the archaeal intramembrane protease PSH, a homolog of the Alzheimer’s disease-associated presenilin/γ-secretase is impaired in micelles and promoted in a lipid bilayer. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations revealed that important elements for substrate binding such as transmembrane domain 6a of PSH are more labile in micelles and stabilized in the lipid bilayer. Moreover, consistent with an enhanced interaction of PSH with a transition-state analog inhibitor, the bilayer promoted the formation of the enzyme’s catalytic active site geometry. Our data indicate that the lipid environment of an intramembrane protease plays a critical role in structural stabilization and active site arrangement of the enzyme-substrate complex thereby promoting intramembrane proteolysis. Cutting proteins into pieces is a crucial process in the cell, allowing several important processes to take place, including cell differentiation (which allows cells to develop into specific types), cell death, protein quality control, or even where in the cell a protein will end up. However, the specialized proteins that carry out this task, known as proteases, can also be involved in the development of disease. For example, in the brain, a protease called γ-secretase cuts up the amyloid-β protein precursor, producing toxic forms of amyloid-β peptides that are widely believed to cause Alzheimer’s disease. Proteases like γ-secretase carry out their role in the membrane, the layer of fats (also known as lipids) that forms the outer boundary of the cell. The environment in this area of the cell can influence the activity of proteases, but it is poorly understood how this happens. One way to address this question would be to compare the activity of γ-secretase in the lipid environment of the membrane to its activity when it is entirely surrounded by different molecules, such as detergent molecules. Unfortunately, γ-secretase is not active when it is removed from its lipid environment by a detergent, making it difficult to perform this comparison. To overcome this issue, Feilen et al. chose to study PSH, a protease similar to γ-secretase that produces the same amyloid-β peptides but remains active in detergent. When Feilen et al. mixed PSH with lipid molecules like those found in the membrane and amyloid-β precursor protein, PSH produced amyloid-β peptides including those that are thought to cause Alzheimer’s. However, when a detergent was substituted for the lipid molecules this led to longer amyloid-β peptides than usual, indicating that PSH was not able to cut proteins as effectively. The change in environment appeared to reduce PSH’s ability to progressively trim small segments from the peptides. Computer modelling of the protease’s structure in lipids versus detergent supported the experimental findings: the model predicted that the areas of PSH important for recognizing and cutting other proteins would be more stable in the membrane compared to the detergent. These results indicate that the cell membrane plays a vital role in the stability of the active regions of proteases that are cleaving in this environment. In the future, this could help to better understand how changes to the lipid molecules in the membrane may contribute to the activity of γ-secretase and its role in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas P Feilen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Shu-Yu Chen
- Physics Department T38, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Akio Fukumori
- Department of Pharmacotherapeutics II, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Regina Feederle
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Zacharias
- Physics Department T38, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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8
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Naeem M, Manzoor S, Abid MUH, Tareen MBK, Asad M, Mushtaq S, Ehsan N, Amna D, Xu B, Hazafa A. Fungal Proteases as Emerging Biocatalysts to Meet the Current Challenges and Recent Developments in Biomedical Therapies: An Updated Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 35205863 PMCID: PMC8875690 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing world population, demand for industrialization has also increased to fulfill humans' living standards. Fungi are considered a source of essential constituents to produce the biocatalytic enzymes, including amylases, proteases, lipases, and cellulases that contain broad-spectrum industrial and emerging applications. The present review discussed the origin, nature, mechanism of action, emerging aspects of genetic engineering for designing novel proteases, genome editing of fungal strains through CRISPR technology, present challenges and future recommendations of fungal proteases. The emerging evidence revealed that fungal proteases show a protective role to many environmental exposures and discovered that an imbalance of protease inhibitors and proteases in the epithelial barriers leads to the protection of chronic eosinophilic airway inflammation. Moreover, mitoproteases recently were found to execute intense proteolytic processes that are crucial for mitochondrial integrity and homeostasis function, including mitochondrial biogenesis, protein synthesis, and apoptosis. The emerging evidence revealed that CRISPR/Cas9 technology had been successfully developed in various filamentous fungi and higher fungi for editing of specific genes. In addition to medical importance, fungal proteases are extensively used in different industries such as foods to prepare butter, fruits, juices, and cheese, and to increase their shelf life. It is concluded that hydrolysis of proteins in industries is one of the most significant applications of fungal enzymes that led to massive usage of proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naeem
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050025, China;
| | - Saba Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan;
| | | | | | - Mirza Asad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Sajida Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot 51040, Pakistan;
| | - Nazia Ehsan
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Dua Amna
- Institute of Food Science & Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University (BNU-HKBU) United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
| | - Abu Hazafa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
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9
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Gülseren G, Saylam A, Marion A, Özçubukçu S. Fullerene-Based Mimics of Biocatalysts Show Remarkable Activity and Modularity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:45854-45863. [PMID: 34520162 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The design of catalysts with greater control over catalytic activity and stability is a major challenge with substantial impact on fundamental chemistry and industrial applications. Due to their unparalleled diversity, selectivity, and efficiency, enzymes are promising models for next-generation catalysts, and considerable efforts have been devoted to incorporating the principles of their mechanisms of action into artificial systems. We report a heretofore undocumented catalyst design that introduces fullerenes to the field of biocatalysis, which we refer to as fullerene nanocatalysts, and that emulates enzymatic active sites through multifunctional self-assembled nanostructures. As a proof-of-concept, we mimicked the reactivity of hydrolases using fullerene nanocatalysts functionalized with the basic components of the parent enzyme with remarkable activity. Owing to the versatile amino acid-based functionalization repertoire of fullerene nanocatalysts, these next-generation carbon/biomolecule hybrids have potential to mimic the activity of other families of enzymes and, therefore, offer new perspectives for the design of biocompatible, high-efficiency artificial nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülcihan Gülseren
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey
| | - Aytül Saylam
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Antoine Marion
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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10
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Bonatto V, Shamim A, Rocho FDR, Leitão A, Luque FJ, Lameira J, Montanari CA. Predicting the Relative Binding Affinity for Reversible Covalent Inhibitors by Free Energy Perturbation Calculations. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 61:4733-4744. [PMID: 34460252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Covalent inhibitors are assuming central importance in drug discovery projects, especially in this pandemic scenario. Many research groups have focused their attention on inhibiting viral proteases or human proteases such as cathepsin L (hCatL). The inhibition of these critical enzymes may impair viral replication. However, molecular modeling of covalent ligands is challenging since covalent and noncovalent ligand-bound states must be considered in the binding process. In this work, we evaluated the suitability of free energy perturbation (FEP) calculations as a tool for predicting the binding affinity of reversible covalent inhibitors of hCatL. Our strategy relies on the relative free energy calculated for both covalent and noncovalent complexes and the free energy changes have been compared with experimental data for eight nitrile-based inhibitors, including three new inhibitors of hCatL. Our results demonstrate that the covalent complex can be employed to properly rank the inhibitors. Nevertheless, a comparison of the free energy changes in both noncovalent and covalent states is valuable to interpret the effect triggered by the formation of the covalent bond on the interactions played by functional groups distant from the warhead. Overall, FEP can be employed as a powerful predictor tool in developing and understanding the activity of reversible covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Bonatto
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anwar Shamim
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Dos R Rocho
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Leitão
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet 08921, Spain
| | - Jerônimo Lameira
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.,Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Rua Augusto Correa S/N, 66075-110 Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Montanari
- Medicinal & Biological Chemistry Group, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenue Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, 23566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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11
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Preparation of a Deuterated Membrane Protein for Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33877630 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1394-8_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
This chapter outlines a protocol developed to prepare a purified deuterated membrane protein for a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiment. SANS is a noninvasive technique well suited to studying membrane protein solution structures, and deuteration enhances the signal from the protein over the background (Breyton et al., Eur Phys J E Soft Matter 36 (7):71, 2013; Garg et al., Biophys J 101 (2):370-377, 2011). We present our workflow: transformation of our plasmid into E. coli, cell growth and expression of our deuterated protein, membrane isolation, detergent solubilization, protein purification, purity assessment, and final preparation for SANS.
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12
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D'mello VC, Wategaonkar S. Characterization and Photofragmentation Studies of the Benzimidazole Homodimer: Evidence for Excited-State Charge-Coupled Proton Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4967-4975. [PMID: 34101459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The spectroscopic characterization of the benzimidazole (BIM) homodimer was carried out in a molecular beam in the ground state as well as in the cationic state using the R2PI and RIDIR methods. Primarily, interest in the dimer was due to the observation of a proton-transferred BIM fragment at energies well below its thermodynamic threshold (i.e., barely above the ionization energy of the dimer where fragmentation was not expected). The detailed photofragmentation studies of the homodimer combined with spectroscopic observations and quantum chemical computations of the excited states established that the proton transfer from one subunit to the other occurs via conical intersections connecting the locally excited state, the charge-transfer state, and the ground state. In this study, we have also determined the N-H···N hydrogen bond dissociation energy in the ground state and in the cationic state to be 10.36 ± 0.14 and 27.55 ± 0.20 kcal mol-1, respectively. Incidentally, this happens to be the first such report on the dissociation energy of the N-H···N hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Caroline D'mello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Sanjay Wategaonkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India
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13
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14
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Cuesta SA, Rincón L, Torres FJ, Rodríguez V, Mora JR. A computational study of the reaction mechanism involved in the fast cleavage of an unconstrained amide bond assisted by an amine intramolecular nucleophilic attack. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:818-826. [PMID: 33590912 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, the fast amide bond cleavage of [3-((1R,5S,7s)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-7-carbonyl)-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-7-carboxylic acid (bi-ATDO)], through an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of an amine group is evaluated. First, six possible peptide bond cleavage mechanisms, two of them including a water molecule, are described at the ωB97XD/6-311 + G(d,p)//MP2/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory. The reaction consisting of an intramolecular nitrogen nucleophilic attack followed by a proton transfer and the amide bond cleavage is determined as the most favorable mechanism. The activation free energy computed for the latter is 20.5 kcal mol-1 , which agrees with the reported experimental result of 24.8 kcal mol-1 . Inclusion of a water molecule to assist the first step of the reaction results in an activation free energy increase of about 17 kcal mol-1 . All the steps in the most favorable mechanism are studied more in detail employing intrinsic reaction coordinate as well as the reaction force and reaction electronic flux analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Adolfo Cuesta
- Grupo de Química computacional y teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Rincón
- Grupo de Química computacional y teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - F Javier Torres
- Grupo de Química computacional y teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vladimir Rodríguez
- Departamento de Matemática, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - José Ramón Mora
- Grupo de Química computacional y teórica (QCT-USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISC-USFQ), Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles y Vía Interoceánica, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the directionality of proteolysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2524-2534. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Raut P, Glass JB, Lieberman RL. Archaeal roots of intramembrane aspartyl protease siblings signal peptide peptidase and presenilin. Proteins 2020; 89:232-241. [PMID: 32935885 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Signal peptides help newly synthesized proteins reach the cell membrane or be secreted. As part of a biological process key to immune response and surveillance in humans, and associated with diseases, for example, Alzheimer, remnant signal peptides and other transmembrane segments are proteolyzed by the intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) enzyme family. Here, we identified IAP orthologs throughout the tree of life. In addition to eukaryotes, IAPs are encoded in metabolically diverse archaea from a wide range of environments. We found three distinct clades of archaeal IAPs: (a) Euryarchaeota (eg, halophilic Halobacteriales, methanogenic Methanosarcinales and Methanomicrobiales, marine Poseidoniales, acidophilic Thermoplasmatales, hyperthermophilic Archaeoglobus spp.), (b) DPANN, and (c) Bathyarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Asgard. IAPs were also present in bacterial genomes from uncultivated members of Candidate Phylum Radiation, perhaps due to horizontal gene transfer from DPANN archaeal lineages. Sequence analysis of the catalytic motif YD…GXGD (where X is any amino acid) in IAPs from archaea and bacteria reveals WD in Lokiarchaeota and many residue types in the X position. Gene neighborhood analysis in halophilic archaea shows IAP genes near corrinoid transporters (btuCDF genes). In marine Euryarchaeota, a putative BtuF-like domain is found in N-terminus of the IAP gene, suggesting a role for these IAPs in metal ion cofactor or other nutrient scavenging. Interestingly, eukaryotic IAP family members appear to have evolved either from Euryarchaeota or from Asgard archaea. Taken together, our phylogenetic and bioinformatics analysis should prompt experiments to probe the biological roles of IAPs in prokaryotic secretomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyam Raut
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer B Glass
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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17
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Dehury B, Tang N, Mehra R, Blundell TL, Kepp KP. Side-by-side comparison of Notch- and C83 binding to γ-secretase in a complete membrane model at physiological temperature. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31215-31232. [PMID: 35520661 PMCID: PMC9056423 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04683c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase cleaves the C99 fragment of the amyloid precursor protein, leading to formation of aggregated β-amyloid peptide central to Alzheimer's disease, and Notch, essential for cell regulation. Recent cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures indicate major changes upon substrate binding, a β-sheet recognition motif, and a possible helix unwinding to expose peptide bonds towards nucleophilic attack. Here we report side-by-side comparison of the 303 K dynamics of the two proteins in realistic membranes using molecular dynamics simulations. Our ensembles agree with the cryo-EM data (full-protein Cα-RMSD = 1.62–2.19 Å) but reveal distinct presenilin helix conformation states and thermal β-strand to coil transitions of C83 and Notch100. We identify distinct 303 K hydrogen bond dynamics and water accessibility of the catalytic sites. The RKRR motif (1758–1761) contributes significantly to Notch binding and serves as a “membrane anchor” that prevents Notch displacement. Water that transiently hydrogen bonds to G1753 and V1754 probably represents the catalytic nucleophile. At 303 K, Notch and C83 binding induce different conformation states, with Notch mostly present in a closed state with shorter Asp–Asp distance. This may explain the different outcome of Notch and C99 cleavage, as the latter is more imprecise with many products. Our identified conformation states may aid efforts to develop conformation-selective drugs that target C99 and Notch cleavage differently, e.g. Notch-sparing γ-secretase modulators. Distinct membrane dynamics and conformations of C83- and Notch-bound γ-secretase may aid the development of Notch-sparing treatments of Alzheimer's disease.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Budheswar Dehury
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252409.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road CB2 1GA UK
| | - Ning Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252409
| | - Rukmankesh Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252409
| | - Tom L Blundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Tennis Court Road CB2 1GA UK
| | - Kasper P Kepp
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark +45 45252409
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18
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Lysyk L, Brassard R, Touret N, Lemieux MJ. PARL Protease: A Glimpse at Intramembrane Proteolysis in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:5052-5062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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19
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Ghosh S, Chopra P, Wategaonkar S. C-HS interaction exhibits all the characteristics of conventional hydrogen bonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17482-17493. [PMID: 32531006 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01508c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This is a tale of a pair of a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, namely the CH donor and sulphur acceptor, neither of which is a conventional hydrogen bond participant. Sulfur (S), being less electronegative (2.58) compared to its first row analogue oxygen (3.44), has not been considered as a potential HB acceptor for a long time. The C-HY (Y = HB acceptor) interaction has its own history of exhibiting omnidirectional shifts in the CH stretching frequency upon complex formation. Therefore, a systematic investigation of the C-HS interaction was the primary goal of the work presented here. Together with gas-phase vibrational spectroscopy and ab initio quantum chemical calculations, the nature and strength of the C-HS hydrogen bond (HB) have been investigated in the complexes of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) with various sulfur containing solvents. Despite the unconventional nature of both HB donor and HB acceptor (C-H and S, respectively), it was found that the C-HS hydrogen bond exhibits all the characteristics of the conventional hydrogen bond. The binding strength of the C-HS H-bond in these complexes was found to be comparable to that of the conventional hydrogen bonds. The unusual stabilities of these HBs have been mainly attributed to the attractive dispersion interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanat Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India.
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20
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Cathepsin S Alterations Induce a Tumor-Promoting Immune Microenvironment in Follicular Lymphoma. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107522. [PMID: 32330423 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells orchestrate their microenvironment. Here, we provide biochemical, structural, functional, and clinical evidence that Cathepsin S (CTSS) alterations induce a tumor-promoting immune microenvironment in follicular lymphoma (FL). We found CTSS mutations at Y132 in 6% of FL (19/305). Another 13% (37/286) had CTSS amplification, which was associated with higher CTSS expression. CTSS Y132 mutations lead to accelerated autocatalytic conversion from an enzymatically inactive profrom to active CTSS and increased substrate cleavage, including CD74, which regulates major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II)-restricted antigen presentation. Lymphoma cells with hyperactive CTSS more efficiently activated antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro. Tumors with hyperactive CTSS showed increased CD4+ T cell infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine perturbation in a mouse model and in human FLs. In mice, this CTSS-induced immune microenvironment promoted tumor growth. Clinically, patients with CTSS-hyperactive FL had better treatment outcomes with standard immunochemotherapies, indicating that these immunosuppressive regimens target both the lymphoma cells and the tumor-promoting immune microenvironment.
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21
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Mehra R, Dehury B, Kepp KP. Cryo-temperature effects on membrane protein structure and dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:5427-5438. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06723j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cryo-electron structures revolutionize biology, yet cooling effects are unclear. Using a simulation protocol of hot, cold, and rapidly cooled γ-secretase we identify cryo-contraction and modes relevant to Aβ production and cryo-analysis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rukmankesh Mehra
- DTU Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- DTU Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Kasper P. Kepp
- DTU Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby
- Denmark
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22
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Cuesta SA, Mora JR, Zambrano CH, Torres FJ, Rincón L. Comparative study of the nucleophilic attack step in the proteases catalytic activity: A theoretical study. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1705412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián A. Cuesta
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISM), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química – Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - José R. Mora
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISM), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química – Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Cesar H. Zambrano
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISM), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química – Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - F. Javier Torres
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISM), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química – Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis Rincón
- Instituto de Simulación Computacional (ISM), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química – Grupo de Química Computacional y Teórica (QCT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
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23
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24
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Aguayo-Ortiz R, Dominguez L. APH-1A Component of γ-Secretase Forms an Internal Water and Ion-Containing Cavity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2931-2938. [PMID: 30979338 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior pharynx-defective 1A (APH-1A) is a seven transmembrane component of γ-secretase (GS), an aspartyl protease enzyme involved in the production of toxic amyloid-β peptides in Alzheimer's disease patients. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the enzyme complex revealed a central cavity in its APH-1A component, similar to water-containing cavities in G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this work, we performed molecular dynamics and umbrella sampling simulations to understand the role of the APH-1A cavity in the GS complex. Our results suggest that APH-1A is able to store water molecules in its inner cavity and transport some of them between cell spaces. Additionally, APH-1A allows the influx of extracellular cations into a central hydrophilic cavity but cannot transport them into the intracellular space. Overall, this study seeks to describe an alternative APH-1A function in GS besides its complex stabilization role and provide novel approaches to understand the functioning of the GS enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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25
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Aguayo‐Ortiz R, Guzmán‐Ocampo DC, Dominguez L. Toward the Characterization of DAPT Interactions with γ‐Secretase. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:1005-1010. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo‐Ortiz
- Facultad de QuímicaDepartamento de FisicoquímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico
| | - Dulce C. Guzmán‐Ocampo
- Facultad de QuímicaDepartamento de FisicoquímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Facultad de QuímicaDepartamento de FisicoquímicaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City 04510 Mexico
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26
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Naing SH, Oliver RC, Weiss KL, Urban VS, Lieberman RL. Solution Structure of an Intramembrane Aspartyl Protease via Small Angle Neutron Scattering. Biophys J 2019; 114:602-608. [PMID: 29414706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane aspartyl proteases (IAPs) comprise one of four families of integral membrane proteases that hydrolyze substrates within the hydrophobic lipid bilayer. IAPs include signal peptide peptidase, which processes remnant signal peptides from nascent polypeptides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and presenilin, the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex that processes Notch and amyloid precursor protein. Despite their broad biomedical reach, basic structure-function relationships of IAPs remain active areas of research. Characterization of membrane-bound proteins is notoriously challenging due to their inherently hydrophobic character. For IAPs, oligomerization state in solution is one outstanding question, with previous proposals for monomer, dimer, tetramer, and octamer. Here we used small angle neutron scattering (SANS) to characterize n-dodecyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DDM) detergent solutions containing and absent a microbial IAP ortholog. A unique feature of SANS is the ability to modulate the solvent composition to mask all but the enzyme of interest. The signal from the IAP was enhanced by deuteration and, uniquely, scattering from DDM and buffers were matched by the use of both tail-deuterated DDM and D2O. The radius of gyration calculated for IAP and the corresponding ab initio consensus model are consistent with a monomer. The model is slightly smaller than the crystallographic IAP monomer, suggesting a more compact protein in solution compared with the crystal lattice. Our study provides direct insight into the oligomeric state of purified IAP in surfactant solution, and demonstrates the utility of fully contrast-matching the detergent in SANS to characterize other intramembrane proteases and their membrane-bound substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe-Htet Naing
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ryan C Oliver
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Kevin L Weiss
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Volker S Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
| | - Raquel L Lieberman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.
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27
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McKerrow JH. The diverse roles of cysteine proteases in parasites and their suitability as drug targets. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0005639. [PMID: 30138311 PMCID: PMC6107102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James H. McKerrow
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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28
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Hostert L, Campos RB, Fonsaca JES, Silva VB, Blaskievicz SF, Ferreira JGL, Takarada W, Naidek N, Santos YH, Nascimento LLQ, Zarbin AJG, Orth ES. Targeted catalytic degradation of organophosphates: pursuing sensors. PURE APPL CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2018-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Chemical security has been a hot topic over several years, especially involving organophosphates (OP), which are related to organophosphorus chemical warfare and pesticides. The main challenges are to develop efficient ways to destroy stockpiles of these materials and also to monitor their presence in the field or food. A promising approach in this sense is the targeted design of catalysts that can react with OP and degrade them. Herein, we present a summary of some recent advances towards OP detoxification and monitoring that involves four different approaches: (i) How? Understanding the mechanism: thorough mechanistic elucidation and design of an ideal catalytic scaffold; (ii) Nanocatalysts and sensors: rational functionalization of carbon nanomaterials leading to nanocatalysts as powder and thin films. A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for OP was also obtained combining the functionalized material with silver nanoparticles; (iii) Catalysts from waste: reuse of rice husk waste as well as waste derived from the cheap gum arabic for developing biocatalysts that have high added-value and are environmentally friendly; (iv) A simple sensor: a simple, cheap and compact homemade colorimeter that can be used as a colorimetric sensor for detecting quantitatively various compounds, including pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Hostert
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Renan B. Campos
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Jéssica E. S. Fonsaca
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Valmir B. Silva
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Sirlon F. Blaskievicz
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - José G. L. Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Willian Takarada
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Naiane Naidek
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Yane H. Santos
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Leonardo L. Q. Nascimento
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Aldo J. G. Zarbin
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
| | - Elisa S. Orth
- Department of Chemistry , Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) , Centro Politécnico , CP 19032, CEP 81531-980 , Curitiba, PR , Brazil
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Naing SH, Kalyoncu S, Smalley DM, Kim H, Tao X, George JB, Jonke AP, Oliver RC, Urban VS, Torres MP, Lieberman RL. Both positional and chemical variables control in vitro proteolytic cleavage of a presenilin ortholog. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4653-4663. [PMID: 29382721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic details of intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) chemistry, which is central to many biological and pathogenic processes, remain largely obscure. Here, we investigated the in vitro kinetics of a microbial intramembrane aspartyl protease (mIAP) fortuitously acting on the renin substrate angiotensinogen and the C-terminal transmembrane segment of amyloid precursor protein (C100), which is cleaved by the presenilin subunit of γ-secretase, an Alzheimer disease (AD)-associated IAP. mIAP variants with substitutions in active-site and putative substrate-gating residues generally exhibit impaired, but not abolished, activity toward angiotensinogen and retain the predominant cleavage site (His-Thr). The aromatic ring, but not the hydroxyl substituent, within Tyr of the catalytic Tyr-Asp (YD) motif plays a catalytic role, and the hydrolysis reaction incorporates bulk water as in soluble aspartyl proteases. mIAP hydrolyzes the transmembrane region of C100 at two major presenilin cleavage sites, one corresponding to the AD-associated Aβ42 peptide (Ala-Thr) and the other to the non-pathogenic Aβ48 (Thr-Leu). For the former site, we observed more favorable kinetics in lipid bilayer-mimicking bicelles than in detergent solution, indicating that substrate-lipid and substrate-enzyme interactions both contribute to catalytic rates. High-resolution MS analyses across four substrates support a preference for threonine at the scissile bond. However, results from threonine-scanning mutagenesis of angiotensinogen demonstrate a competing positional preference for cleavage. Our results indicate that IAP cleavage is controlled by both positional and chemical factors, opening up new avenues for selective IAP inhibition for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe-Htet Naing
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Sibel Kalyoncu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - David M Smalley
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Hyojung Kim
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Xingjian Tao
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Josh B George
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Alex P Jonke
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Ryan C Oliver
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Volker S Urban
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
| | - Matthew P Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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30
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Understanding serine proteases implications on Leishmania spp lifecycle. Exp Parasitol 2018; 184:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Wang DH, Song W, Wei SW, Zheng YF, Chen ZS, Han JD, Zhang HT, Luo JC, Qin YM, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Characterization of the Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase and Ubiquitin-Specific Protease Families in Rice ( Oryza sativa). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1636. [PMID: 30498503 PMCID: PMC6249995 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH) and ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) protein families both function in protein deubiquitination, playing important roles in a wide range of biological processes in animals, fungi, and plants. Little is known about the functions of these proteins in rice (Oryza sativa), and the numbers of genes reported for these families have not been consistent between different rice database resources. To further explore their functions, it is necessary to first clarify the basic molecular and biochemical nature of these two gene families. Using a database similarity search, we clarified the numbers of genes in these two families in the rice genome, examined the enzyme activities of their corresponding proteins, and characterized the expression patterns of all OsUCH and representative OsUBP genes. Five OsUCH and 44 OsUBP genes were identified in the rice genome, with four OsUCH proteins and 10 of 16 tested representative OsUBP proteins showing enzymatic activities. Two OsUCHs and five OsUBPs were found to be preferentially expressed in the early development of rice stamens. This work thus lays down a reliable bioinformatic foundation for future investigations of genes in these two families, particularly for exploring their potential roles in rice stamen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Dan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Chu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Mei Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Nong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
- National Center of Plant Gene Research, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shu-Nong Bai,
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32
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Greening DW, Kapp EA, Simpson RJ. The Peptidome Comes of Age: Mass Spectrometry-Based Characterization of the Circulating Cancer Peptidome. Enzymes 2017; 42:27-64. [PMID: 29054270 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peptides play a seminal role in most physiological processes acting as neurotransmitters, hormones, antibiotics, and immune regulation. In the context of tumor biology, it is hypothesized that endogenous peptides, hormones, cytokines, growth factors, and aberrant degradation of select protein networks (e.g., enzymatic activities, protein shedding, and extracellular matrix remodeling) are fundamental in mediating cancer progression. Analysis of peptides in biological fluids by mass spectrometry holds promise of providing sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic information for cancer and other diseases. The identification of circulating peptides in the context of disease constitutes a hitherto source of new clinical biomarkers. The field of peptidomics can be defined as the identification and comprehensive analysis of physiological and pathological peptides. Like proteomics, peptidomics has been advanced by the development of new separation strategies, analytical detection methods such as mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic technologies. Unlike proteomics, peptidomics is targeted toward identifying endogenous protein and peptide fragments, defining proteolytic enzyme substrate specificity, as well as protease cleavage recognition (degradome). Peptidomics employs "top-down proteomics" strategies where mass spectrometry is applied at the proteoform level to analyze intact proteins and large endogenous peptide fragments. With recent advances in prefractionation workflows for separating peptides, mass spectrometry instrumentation, and informatics, peptidomics is an important field that promises to impact on translational medicine. This review covers the current advances in peptidomics, including top-down and imaging mass spectrometry, comprehensive quantitative peptidome analyses (developments in reproducibility and coverage), peptide prefractionation and enrichment workflows, peptidomic data analyses, and informatic tools. The application of peptidomics in cancer biomarker discovery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Eugene A Kapp
- Systems Biology & Personalised Medicine Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science (LIMS), La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Aguayo-Ortiz R, Chávez-García C, Straub JE, Dominguez L. Characterizing the structural ensemble of γ-secretase using a multiscale molecular dynamics approach. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5576-5584. [PMID: 28970936 PMCID: PMC5618787 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an intramembrane-cleaving aspartyl protease that plays an essential role in the processing of a variety of integral membrane proteins. Its role in the ultimate cleavage step in the processing of amyloid precursor protein to form amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide makes it an important therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease research. Significant recent advances have been made in structural studies of this critical membrane protein complex. However, details of the mechanism of activation of the enzyme complex remain unclear. Using a multiscale computational modeling approach, combining multiple coarse-grained microsecond dynamic trajectories with all-atom models, the structure and two conformational states of the γ-secretase complex were evaluated. The transition between enzymatic state 1 and state 2 is shown to critically depend on the protonation states of the key catalytic residues Asp257 and Asp385 in the active site domain. The active site formation, related to our γ-secretase state 2, is observed to involve a concerted movement of four transmembrane helices from the catalytic subunit, resulting in the required localization of the catalytic residues. Global analysis of the structural ensemble of the enzyme complex was used to identify collective fluctuations important to the mechanism of substrate recognition and demonstrate that the corresponding fluctuations observed were uncorrelated with structural changes associated with enzyme activation. Overall, this computational study provides essential insight into the role of structure and dynamics in the activation and function of γ-secretase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , 04510 , Mexico .
| | - Cecilia Chávez-García
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , 04510 , Mexico .
| | - John E Straub
- Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , USA
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica , Facultad de Química , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City , 04510 , Mexico .
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34
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de Queiroz MR, de Sousa BB, da Cunha Pereira DF, Mamede CCN, Matias MS, de Morais NCG, de Oliveira Costa J, de Oliveira F. The role of platelets in hemostasis and the effects of snake venom toxins on platelet function. Toxicon 2017; 133:33-47. [PMID: 28435120 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The human body has a set of physiological processes, known as hemostasis, which keeps the blood fluid and free of clots in normal vessels; in the case of vascular injury, this process induces the local formation of a hemostatic plug, preventing hemorrhage. The hemostatic system in humans presents complex physiological interactions that involve platelets, plasma proteins, endothelial and subendothelial structures. Disequilibrium in the regulatory mechanisms that control the growth and the size of the thrombus is one of the factors that favors the development of diseases related to vascular disorders such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which are among the leading causes of death in the western world. Interfering with platelet function is a strategy for the treatment of thrombotic diseases. Antiplatelet drugs are used mainly in cases related to arterial thrombosis and interfere in the formation of the platelet plug by different mechanisms. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is the oldest and most widely used antithrombotic drug. Although highly effective in most cases, aspirin has limitations compared to other drugs used in the treatment of homeostatic disorders. For this reason, research related to molecules that interfere with platelet aggregation are of great relevance. In this regard, snake venoms are known to contain a number of molecules that interfere with hemostasis, including platelet function. The mechanisms by which snake venom components inhibit or activate platelet aggregation are varied and can be used as tools for the diagnosis and the treatment of several hemostatic disorders. The aim of this review is to present the role of platelets in hemostasis and the mechanisms by which snake venom toxins interfere with platelet function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Ribeiro de Queiroz
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna Barbosa de Sousa
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Cristine Neves Mamede
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mariana Santos Matias
- Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Júnia de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Triângulo Mineiro, Ituiutaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Nano-Biofarmacêutica (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Aguayo-Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México 04510 México
| | - Laura Dominguez
- Departamento de Fisicoquímica; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Ciudad de México 04510 México
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36
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Abstract
Intramembrane proteases catalyze peptide bond hydrolysis in the lipid bilayer and play a key role in numerous cellular processes. These integral membrane enzymes consist of four classes: site-2 protease (S2P), rhomboid serine protease, Rce1-type glutamyl protease, and aspartyl protease exemplified by presenilin and signal peptide peptidase (SPP). Structural elucidation of these enzymes is important for mechanistic understanding of their functions, particularly their roles in cell signaling and debilitating diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In the past decade, rigorous effort has led to determination of the crystal structures of S2P from archaebacterium, rhomboid serine protease from E. coli (GlpG), and presenilin/SPP from archaebacterium (PSH). A novel method has been developed to express well-behaved human γ-secretase, which facilitated its structure determination by cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). In this chapter, we will discuss the expression and purification of intramembrane proteases including human γ-secretase and describe the enzymatic activity assays for these intramembrane proteases.
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37
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Arutyunova E, Smithers CC, Corradi V, Espiritu AC, Young HS, Tieleman DP, Lemieux MJ. Probing catalytic rate enhancement during intramembrane proteolysis. Biol Chem 2016; 397:907-19. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rhomboids are ubiquitous intramembrane serine proteases involved in various signaling pathways. While the high-resolution structures of the Escherichia coli rhomboid GlpG with various inhibitors revealed an active site comprised of a serine-histidine dyad and an extensive oxyanion hole, the molecular details of rhomboid catalysis were unclear because substrates are unknown for most of the family members. Here we used the only known physiological pair of AarA rhomboid with its psTatA substrate to decipher the contribution of catalytically important residues to the reaction rate enhancement. An MD-refined homology model of AarA was used to identify residues important for catalysis. We demonstrated that the AarA active site geometry is strict and intolerant to alterations. We probed the roles of H83 and N87 oxyanion hole residues and determined that substitution of H83 either abolished AarA activity or reduced the transition state stabilization energy (ΔΔG‡) by 3.1 kcal/mol; substitution of N87 decreased ΔΔG‡ by 1.6–3.9 kcal/mol. Substitution M154, a residue conserved in most rhomboids that stabilizes the catalytic general base, to tyrosine, provided insight into the mechanism of nucleophile generation for the catalytic dyad. This study provides a quantitative evaluation of the role of several residues important for hydrolytic efficiency and oxyanion stabilization during intramembrane proteolysis.
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38
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Fukumori A, Steiner H. Substrate recruitment of γ-secretase and mechanism of clinical presenilin mutations revealed by photoaffinity mapping. EMBO J 2016; 35:1628-43. [PMID: 27220847 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases execute fundamental biological processes ranging from crucial signaling events to general membrane proteostasis. Despite the availability of structural information on these proteases, it remains unclear how these enzymes bind and recruit substrates, particularly for the Alzheimer's disease-associated γ-secretase. Systematically scanning amyloid precursor protein substrates containing a genetically inserted photocrosslinkable amino acid for binding to γ-secretase allowed us to identify residues contacting the protease. These were primarily found in the transmembrane cleavage domain of the substrate and were also present in the extramembranous domains. The N-terminal fragment of the catalytic subunit presenilin was determined as principal substrate-binding site. Clinical presenilin mutations altered substrate binding in the active site region, implying a pathogenic mechanism for familial Alzheimer's disease. Remarkably, PEN-2 was identified besides nicastrin as additional substrate-binding subunit. Probing proteolysis of crosslinked substrates revealed a mechanistic model of how these subunits interact to mediate a stepwise transfer of bound substrate to the catalytic site. We propose that sequential binding steps might be common for intramembrane proteases to sample and select cognate substrates for catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Fukumori
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Harald Steiner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Metabolic Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
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39
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Hildebrandt ER, Arachea BT, Wiener MC, Schmidt WK. Ste24p Mediates Proteolysis of Both Isoprenylated and Non-prenylated Oligopeptides. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:14185-14198. [PMID: 27129777 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rce1p and Ste24p are integral membrane proteins involved in the proteolytic maturation of isoprenylated proteins. Extensive published evidence indicates that Rce1p requires the isoprenyl moiety as an important substrate determinant. By contrast, we report that Ste24p can cleave both isoprenylated and non-prenylated substrates in vitro, indicating that the isoprenyl moiety is not required for substrate recognition. Steady-state enzyme kinetics are significantly different for prenylated versus non-prenylated substrates, strongly suggestive of a role for substrate-membrane interaction in protease function. Mass spectroscopy analyses identify a cleavage preference at bonds where P1' is aliphatic in both isoprenylated and non-prenylated substrates, although this is not necessarily predictive. The identified cleavage sites are not at a fixed distance position relative to the C terminus. In this study, the substrates cleaved by Ste24p are based on known isoprenylated proteins (i.e. K-Ras4b and the yeast a-factor mating pheromone) and non-prenylated biological peptides (Aβ and insulin chains) that are known substrates of the M16A family of soluble zinc-dependent metalloproteases. These results establish that the substrate profile of Ste24p is broader than anticipated, being more similar to that of the M16A protease family than that of the Rce1p CAAX protease with which it has been functionally associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hildebrandt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Buenafe T Arachea
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Michael C Wiener
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Walter K Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
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40
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Ma Y, Li Z, Numata K. Synthetic Short Peptides for Rapid Fabrication of Monolayer Cell Sheets. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:697-706. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Ma
- Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Enzyme
Research Team, Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, Center
for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zhibo Li
- Laboratory
of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Keiji Numata
- Enzyme
Research Team, Biomass Engineering Program Cooperation Division, Center
for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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41
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Structural biology of intramembrane proteases: mechanistic insights from rhomboid and S2P to γ-secretase. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 37:97-107. [PMID: 26811996 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intramembrane proteases catalyze hydrolysis of peptide bond within the lipid bilayer and play a key role in a variety of cellular processes. These membrane-embedded enzymes comprise four major classes: rhomboid serine proteases, site-2 metalloproteases, Rce1-type glutamyl proteases, and aspartyl proteases exemplified by signal peptide peptidase and γ-secretase. In the past several years, three-dimensional structures of representative members of these four classes of intramembrane protease have been reported at atomic resolutions, which reveal distinct protein folds and active site configurations. These structures, together with structure-guided biochemical analyses, shed light on the working mechanisms of water access and substrate entry. In this review, we discuss the shared as well as unique features of these intramembrane proteases, with a focus on presenilin-the catalytic component of γ-secretase.
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42
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Abstract
Symmetry is a common feature among natural systems, including protein structures. A strong propensity toward symmetric architectures has long been recognized for water-soluble proteins, and this propensity has been rationalized from an evolutionary standpoint. Proteins residing in cellular membranes, however, have traditionally been less amenable to structural studies, and thus the prevalence and significance of symmetry in this important class of molecules is not as well understood. In the past two decades, researchers have made great strides in this area, and these advances have provided exciting insights into the range of architectures adopted by membrane proteins. These structural studies have revealed a similarly strong bias toward symmetric arrangements, which were often unexpected and which occurred despite the restrictions imposed by the membrane environment on the possible symmetry groups. Moreover, membrane proteins disproportionately contain internal structural repeats resulting from duplication and fusion of smaller segments. This article discusses the types and origins of symmetry in membrane proteins and the implications of symmetry for protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R Forrest
- Computational Structural Biology Group, Porter Neuroscience Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20852;
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43
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Nath I, Chakraborty J, Verpoort F. Metal organic frameworks mimicking natural enzymes: a structural and functional analogy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4127-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we have portrayed the structure, synthesis and applications of a variety of biomimetic MOFs from an unprecedented angle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsita Nath
- Laboratory of Organometallics
- Catalysis and Ordered Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Center for Chemical and Material Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
| | - Jeet Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Organometallics
- Catalysis and Ordered Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Center for Chemical and Material Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
| | - Francis Verpoort
- Laboratory of Organometallics
- Catalysis and Ordered Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Center for Chemical and Material Engineering
- Wuhan University of Technology
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44
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Naing SH, Vukoti KM, Drury JE, Johnson JL, Kalyoncu S, Hill SE, Torres MP, Lieberman RL. Catalytic Properties of Intramembrane Aspartyl Protease Substrate Hydrolysis Evaluated Using a FRET Peptide Cleavage Assay. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:2166-74. [PMID: 26118406 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical details of intramembrane proteolysis remain elusive despite its prevalence throughout biology. We developed a FRET peptide assay for the intramembrane aspartyl protease (IAP) from Methanoculleus marisnigri JR1 in combination with quantitative mass spectrometry cleavage site analysis. IAP can hydrolyze the angiotensinogen sequence, a substrate for the soluble aspartyl protease renin, at a predominant cut site, His-Thr. Turnover is slow (min(-1) × 10(-3)), affinity and Michaelis constant (Km) values are in the low micromolar range, and both catalytic rates and cleavage sites are the same in detergent as reconstituted into bicelles. Three well-established, IAP-directed inhibitors were directly confirmed as competitive, albeit with modest inhibitor constant (Ki) values. Partial deletion of the first transmembrane helix results in a biophysically similar but less active enzyme than full-length IAP, indicating a catalytic role. Our study demonstrates previously unappreciated similarities with soluble aspartyl proteases, provides new biochemical features of IAP and inhibitors, and offers tools to study other intramembrane protease family members in molecular detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swe-Htet Naing
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Krishna M. Vukoti
- School
of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, United States
| | - Jason E. Drury
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Johnson
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Sibel Kalyoncu
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Shannon E. Hill
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Matthew P. Torres
- School
of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, 310 Ferst Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0230, United States
| | - Raquel L. Lieberman
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic
Drive Northwest, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
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45
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Buddelmeijer N. The molecular mechanism of bacterial lipoprotein modification—How, when and why? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:246-61. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuu006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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46
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De Strooper B, Chávez Gutiérrez L. Learning by Failing: Ideas and Concepts to Tackle γ-Secretases in Alzheimer's Disease and Beyond. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 55:419-37. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, KU Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; ,
| | - Lucía Chávez Gutiérrez
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, Laboratory for the Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, KU Leuven, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium; ,
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47
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Bhattacherjee A, Wategaonkar S. Conformational preferences of monohydrated clusters of imidazole derivatives revisited. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:20080-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy was used to identify the conformers of monohydrated benzimidazole andN-methylbenzimidazole in a supersonic jet. A new OH–N bound conformer relevant to histidine containing proteins was discovered. The long standing differences in the literature about the relative energies and abundance of the monohydrated imidazole derivatives have also been resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bhattacherjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400 005
- India
| | - Sanjay Wategaonkar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
- Mumbai 400 005
- India
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48
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Hatta E, Matsumoto K, Honda Y. Bacillolysin, papain, and subtilisin improve the quality of gluten-free rice bread. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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49
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Plastid intramembrane proteolysis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:910-4. [PMID: 25528366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Progress in the field of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) in recent years has not surpassed plant biology. Nevertheless, reports on RIP in plants, and especially in chloroplasts, are still scarce. Of the four different families of intramembrane proteases, only two have been linked to chloroplasts so far, rhomboids and site-2 proteases (S2Ps). The lack of chloroplast-located rhomboid proteases was associated with reduced fertility and aberrations in flower morphology, probably due to perturbations in jasmonic acid biosynthesis, which occurs in chloroplasts. Mutations in homologues of S2P resulted in chlorophyll deficiency and impaired chloroplast development, through a yet unknown mechanism. To date, the only known substrate of RIP in chloroplasts is a PHD transcription factor, located in the envelope. Upon proteolytic cleavage by an unknown protease, the soluble N-terminal domain of this protein is released from the membrane and relocates to the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of the ABA response gene ABI4. Continuing studies on these proteases and substrates, as well as identification of the genes responsible for different chloroplast mutant phenotypes, are expected to shed more light on the roles of intramembrane proteases in chloroplast biology.
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50
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Hsu FF, Yeh CT, Sun YJ, Chiang MT, Lan WM, Li FA, Lee WH, Chau LY. Signal peptide peptidase-mediated nuclear localization of heme oxygenase-1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and invasion independent of its enzymatic activity. Oncogene 2014; 34:2360-70. [PMID: 24931165 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a heme-degrading enzyme anchored in the endoplasmic reticulum by a carboxyl-terminal transmembrane segment (TMS). HO-1 is highly expressed in various cancers and its nuclear localization is associated with the progression of some cancers. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying HO-1 nuclear translocation and its pathological significance remain elusive. Here we show that the signal peptide peptidase (SPP) catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of HO-1. Coexpression of HO-1 with wild-type SPP, but not a dominant-negative SPP, promoted the nuclear localization of HO-1 in cells. Mass spectrometry analysis of cytosolic HO-1 isolated from HeLa cells overexpressing HO-1 and SPP revealed two adjacent intramembrane cleavage sites located after S275 and F276 within the TMS. Mutations of S275F276 to A275L276 significantly hindered SPP-mediated HO-1 cleavage and nuclear localization. Nuclear HO-1 was detected in A549 and DU145 cancer cell lines expressing high levels of endogenous HO-1 and SPP. SPP knockdown or inhibition significantly reduced nuclear HO-1 localization in A549 and DU145 cells. The positive nuclear HO-1 stain was also evident in lung cancer tissues expressing high levels of HO-1 and SPP. Overexpression of a truncated HO-1 (t-HO-1) lacking the TMS in HeLa and H1299 cells promoted cell proliferation and migration/invasion. The effect of t-HO-1 was not affected by a mutation in the catalytic site. However, blockade of t-HO-1 nuclear localization abolished t-HO-1-mediated effect. The tumorigenic effect of t-HO-1 was also demonstrated in the mouse model. These findings disclose that SPP-mediated intramembrane cleavage of HO-1 promotes HO-1 nuclear localization and cancer progression independent of HO-1 enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F-F Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-T Yeh
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M-T Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-M Lan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - F-A Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - W-H Lee
- Cancer Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - L-Y Chau
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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