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Witkowska M, Majchrzak A, Robak P, Wolska-Washer A, Robak T. The role of antibody-based therapies in treating relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024. [PMID: 39364800 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2413365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is one of the most common types of leukemia in adult patients. The landscape of CLL therapy has changed in the last decades with the introduction of antibody-based therapies and novel targeted agents resulting in improved outcomes. AREAS COVERED This article describes the use of monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of relapsed and refractory CLL. The mechanism of action and clinical applications and safety of antibody-based therapies, both as monotherapy and in combination with other drugs, are discussed. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles published in English. Additional relevant publications were obtained by reviewing the references from the chosen articles. EXPERT OPINION Antibody-based therapeutic strategies have drastically changed the treatment of CLL, as they have introduced the concept of boosting immune responses against tumor cells. While immunotherapy is generally effective, some treatment failure can occur due to antigen loss, mutation, or down-regulation, and this remains the main obstacle to cure. The development of novel antibody therapies, including their combinations with targeted drugs and bispecific antibodies might help to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Witkowska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Majchrzak
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wolska-Washer
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
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Soma L, Crisan L, Reid J, Lee W, Song J, Afkhami M, Shouse G, Fei F, Danilova O, Pillai R, Zain J, Querfeld C. Epstein-Barr virus-positive, primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, with transformation: Case report and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol 2024:aqae124. [PMID: 39290045 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqae124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) positive primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL) is uncommon and subsequent transformation is rare. METHODS We report a patient with EBV positive PCMZL with subsequent transformation to plasmablastic lymphoma and review the literature for transformed PCMZL to assess clinical and pathologic characteristics. In the case we describe, the patient presented with multifocal PCMZL, developed large B cell transformation with plasmacytic differentiation, followed by plasmablastic transformation (PBL), and ultimately died of disease progression despite multiple lines of therapy. Past history was significant for psoriatic arthritis (multiple prior lines of immunomodulatory therapy). The lymphomas and non-involved bone marrow share the same somatic DNMT3A and TET2 mutations, suggesting clonal relatedness and an association with clonal hematopoiesis (CH). RESULTS Eighteen cases complied the cohort (seventeen cases from the literature and the case reported herein). Nearly half of the eighteen cases of PCMZL with transformation died of progressive disease (44%). Transformed cases were more commonly seen in patients with >2 sites at initial diagnosis. EBV was assessed in 5 patients, 3 were positive (all died of disease). Two patients with NGS studies demonstrated TET2 and DNMT3A mutations. CONCLUSIONS Transformation of EBV positive PCMZL appears to be a poor prognostic indicator, with our reported case being the first well defined case transformed to PBL, suspected to arise from myeloid-CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Soma
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Liliana Crisan
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Jack Reid
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Winston Lee
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Joo Song
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Geoffrey Shouse
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, Division of Lymphoma, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Olga Danilova
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Raju Pillai
- Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Jasmin Zain
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, Division of Lymphoma, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
| | - Christiane Querfeld
- Department of Pathology, Division of Dermatology, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, US
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Meriranta L, Sorri S, Huse K, Liu X, Spasevska I, Zafar S, Chowdhury I, Dufva O, Sahlberg E, Tandarić L, Karjalainen-Lindsberg ML, Hyytiäinen M, Varjosalo M, Myklebust JH, Leppä S. Disruption of KLHL6 Fuels Oncogenic Antigen Receptor Signaling in B-Cell Lymphoma. Blood Cancer Discov 2024; 5:331-352. [PMID: 38630892 PMCID: PMC11369598 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-23-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathomechanisms that activate oncogenic B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are largely unknown. Kelch-like family member 6 (KLHL6) encoding a substrate-adapter for Cullin-3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase with poorly established targets is recurrently mutated in DLBCL. By applying high-throughput protein interactome screens and functional characterization, we discovered that KLHL6 regulates BCR by targeting its signaling subunits CD79A and CD79B. Loss of physiologic KLHL6 expression pattern was frequent among the MCD/C5-like activated B-cell DLBCLs and was associated with higher CD79B levels and dismal outcome. Mutations in the bric-a-brac tramtrack broad domain of KLHL6 disrupted its localization and heterodimerization and increased surface BCR levels and signaling, whereas Kelch domain mutants had the opposite effect. Malfunctions of KLHL6 mutants extended beyond proximal BCR signaling with distinct phenotypes from KLHL6 silencing. Collectively, our findings uncover how recurrent mutations in KLHL6 alter BCR signaling and induce actionable phenotypic characteristics in DLBCL. Significance: Oncogenic BCR signaling sustains DLBCL cells. We discovered that Cullin-3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase substrate-adapter KLHL6 targets BCR heterodimer (CD79A/CD79B) for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Recurrent somatic mutations in the KLHL6 gene cause corrupt BCR signaling by disrupting surface BCR homeostasis. Loss of KLHL6 expression and mutant-induced phenotypes associate with targetable disease characteristics in B-cell lymphoma. See related commentary by Leveille et al. See related commentary by Corcoran et al.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Signal Transduction
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/metabolism
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/metabolism
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Carrier Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Meriranta
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Selma Sorri
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kanutte Huse
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies and Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Ivana Spasevska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies and Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Iftekhar Chowdhury
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Olli Dufva
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eerika Sahlberg
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Luka Tandarić
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | - Marko Hyytiäinen
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - June H. Myklebust
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- KG Jebsen Centre for B-cell malignancies and Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sirpa Leppä
- Research Programs Unit, Applied Tumor Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland.
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Nano E, Reggiani F, Amaro AA, Monti P, Colombo M, Bertola N, Ferrero F, Fais F, Bruzzese A, Martino EA, Vigna E, Puccio N, Pistoni M, Torricelli F, D’Arrigo G, Greco G, Tripepi G, Adornetto C, Gentile M, Ferrarini M, Negrini M, Morabito F, Neri A, Cutrona G. MicroRNA Profiling as a Predictive Indicator for Time to First Treatment in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Insights from the O-CLL1 Prospective Study. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:46. [PMID: 39311383 PMCID: PMC11417859 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10050046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A "watch and wait" strategy, delaying treatment until active disease manifests, is adopted for most CLL cases; however, prognostic models incorporating biomarkers have shown to be useful to predict treatment requirement. In our prospective O-CLL1 study including 224 patients, we investigated the predictive role of 513 microRNAs (miRNAs) on time to first treatment (TTFT). In the context of this study, six well-established variables (i.e., Rai stage, beta-2-microglobulin levels, IGVH mutational status, del11q, del17p, and NOTCH1 mutations) maintained significant associations with TTFT in a basic multivariable model, collectively yielding a Harrell's C-index of 75% and explaining 45.4% of the variance in the prediction of TTFT. Concerning miRNAs, 73 out of 513 were significantly associated with TTFT in a univariable model; of these, 16 retained an independent relationship with the outcome in a multivariable analysis. For 8 of these (i.e., miR-582-3p, miR-33a-3p, miR-516a-5p, miR-99a-5p, and miR-296-3p, miR-502-5p, miR-625-5p, and miR-29c-3p), a lower expression correlated with a shorter TTFT, whereas in the remaining eight (i.e., miR-150-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-28-5p, miR-144-5p, miR-671-5p, miR-1-3p, miR-193a-3p, and miR-124-3p), the higher expression was associated with shorter TTFT. Integrating these miRNAs into the basic model significantly enhanced predictive accuracy, raising the Harrell's C-index to 81.1% and the explained variation in TTFT to 63.3%. Moreover, the inclusion of the miRNA scores enhanced the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and the net reclassification index (NRI), underscoring the potential of miRNAs to refine CLL prognostic models and providing insights for clinical decision-making. In silico analyses on the differently expressed miRNAs revealed their potential regulatory functions of several pathways, including those involved in the therapeutic responses. To add a biological context to the clinical evidence, an miRNA-mRNA correlation analysis revealed at least one significant negative correlation between 15 of the identified miRNAs and a set of 50 artificial intelligence (AI)-selected genes, previously identified by us as relevant for TTFT prediction in the same cohort of CLL patients. In conclusion, the identification of specific miRNAs as predictors of TTFT holds promise for enhancing risk stratification in CLL to predict therapeutic needs. However, further validation studies and in-depth functional analyses are required to confirm the robustness of these observations and to facilitate their translation into meaningful clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ennio Nano
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.N.); (M.C.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- SSD Gene Expression Regulation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Adriana Agnese Amaro
- SSD Gene Expression Regulation, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Monti
- Mutagenesis and Cancer Prevention Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.N.); (M.C.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Nadia Bertola
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.N.); (M.C.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (G.C.)
| | - Fabiana Ferrero
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.N.); (M.C.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (G.C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Franco Fais
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.N.); (M.C.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (G.C.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Antonella Bruzzese
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (A.B.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Enrica Antonia Martino
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (A.B.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Ernesto Vigna
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (A.B.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.); (M.G.)
| | - Noemi Puccio
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.P.); (M.P.); (F.T.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Pistoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.P.); (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Federica Torricelli
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (N.P.); (M.P.); (F.T.)
| | - Graziella D’Arrigo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC-CNR), Section of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Gianluigi Greco
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (G.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Giovanni Tripepi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC-CNR), Section of Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy; (G.D.); (G.T.)
| | - Carlo Adornetto
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (G.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, Department of Onco-Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Annunziata, 87100 Cosenza, Italy; (A.B.); (E.A.M.); (E.V.); (M.G.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Gruppo Amici Dell’Ematologia Foundation-GrADE, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Scientific Directorate, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.N.); (M.C.); (N.B.); (F.F.); (F.F.); (G.C.)
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5
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Stamatopoulos K, Pavlova S, Al‐Sawaf O, Chatzikonstantinou T, Karamanidou C, Gaidano G, Cymbalista F, Kater AP, Rawstron A, Scarfò L, Ghia P, Rosenquist R. Realizing precision medicine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Remaining challenges and potential opportunities. Hemasphere 2024; 8:e113. [PMID: 39035106 PMCID: PMC11260284 DOI: 10.1002/hem3.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) exhibit diverse clinical outcomes. An expanding array of genetic tests is now employed to facilitate the identification of patients with high-risk disease and inform treatment decisions. These tests encompass molecular cytogenetic analysis, focusing on recurrent chromosomal alterations, particularly del(17p). Additionally, sequencing is utilized to identify TP53 mutations and to determine the somatic hypermutation status of the immunoglobulin heavy variable gene. Concurrently, a swift advancement of targeted treatment has led to the implementation of novel strategies for patients with CLL, including kinase and BCL2 inhibitors. This review explores both current and emerging diagnostic tests aimed at identifying high-risk patients who should benefit from targeted therapies. We outline existing treatment paradigms, emphasizing the importance of matching the right treatment to the right patient beyond genetic stratification, considering the crucial balance between safety and efficacy. We also take into consideration the practical and logistical issues when choosing a management strategy for each individual patient. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms underlying therapy resistance and stress the relevance of monitoring measurable residual disease to guide treatment decisions. Finally, we underscore the necessity of aggregating real-world data, adopting a global perspective, and ensuring patient engagement. Taken together, we argue that precision medicine is not the mere application of precision diagnostics and accessibility of precision therapies in CLL but encompasses various aspects of the patient journey (e.g., lifestyle exposures and comorbidities) and their preferences toward achieving true personalized medicine for patients with CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology HellasInstitute of Applied BiosciencesThessalonikiGreece
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Sarka Pavlova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, and Institute of Medical Genetics and GenomicsUniversity Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Othman Al‐Sawaf
- Department I of Internal Medicine and German CLL Study Group, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD)University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
- Francis Crick Institute LondonLondonUK
- Cancer Institute, University College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Christina Karamanidou
- Centre for Research and Technology HellasInstitute of Applied BiosciencesThessalonikiGreece
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Haematology, Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern PiedmontNovaraItaly
| | | | - Arnon P. Kater
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andy Rawstron
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic ServiceLeeds Teaching Hospitals TrustLeedsUK
| | - Lydia Scarfò
- Medical SchoolUniversità Vita Salute San RaffaeleMilanoItaly
- Strategic Research Program on CLLIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanoItaly
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Medical SchoolUniversità Vita Salute San RaffaeleMilanoItaly
- Strategic Research Program on CLLIRCCS Ospedale San RaffaeleMilanoItaly
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Clinical GeneticsKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Sachan N, Sharma V, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. Notch signalling: multifaceted role in development and disease. FEBS J 2024; 291:3030-3059. [PMID: 37166442 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Notch pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signalling system that operates to influence an astonishing array of cell fate decisions in different developmental contexts. Notch signalling plays important roles in many developmental processes, making it difficult to name a tissue or a developing organ that does not depend on Notch function at one stage or another. Thus, dysregulation of Notch signalling is associated with many developmental defects and various pathological conditions, including cancer. Although many recent advances have been made to reveal different aspects of the Notch signalling mechanism and its intricate regulation, there are still many unanswered questions related to how the Notch signalling pathway functions in so many developmental events. The same pathway can be deployed in numerous cellular contexts to play varied and critical roles in an organism's development and this is only possible because of the complex regulatory mechanisms of the pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanism and regulation of the Notch signalling pathway along with its multifaceted functions in different aspects of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalani Sachan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vartika Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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7
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Choi HS, Kim BS, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D. Leukemic Stem Cells and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6639. [PMID: 38928344 PMCID: PMC11203822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia development has been widely established in the context of genetic alterations, epigenetic pathways, and signaling pathway regulation. Hematopoietic stem cells are at the top of the bone marrow hierarchy and can self-renew and progressively generate blood and immune cells. The microenvironment, niche cells, and complex signaling pathways that regulate them acquire genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to aging, a chronic inflammatory environment, stress, and cancer, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell dysregulation and the production of abnormal blood and immune cells, leading to hematological malignancies and blood cancer. Cells that acquire these mutations grow at a faster rate than other cells and induce clone expansion. Excessive growth leads to the development of blood cancers. Standard therapy targets blast cells, which proliferate rapidly; however, LSCs that can induce disease recurrence remain after treatment, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. To overcome these limitations, researchers have focused on the characteristics and signaling systems of LSCs and therapies that target them to block LSCs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the types of hematopoietic malignancies, the characteristics of leukemic stem cells that cause them, the mechanisms by which these cells acquire chemotherapy resistance, and the therapies targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seon Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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Tveriakhina L, Scanavachi G, Egan ED, Da Cunha Correia RB, Martin AP, Rogers JM, Yodh JS, Aster JC, Kirchhausen T, Blacklow SC. Temporal dynamics and stoichiometry in human Notch signaling from Notch synaptic complex formation to nuclear entry of the Notch intracellular domain. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1425-1438.e8. [PMID: 38574735 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian Notch signaling occurs when the binding of Delta or Jagged to Notch stimulates the proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which enters the nucleus to control target gene expression. To determine the temporal dynamics of events associated with Notch signaling under native conditions, we fluorescently tagged Notch and Delta at their endogenous genomic loci and visualized them upon pairing of receiver (Notch) and sender (Delta) cells as a function of time after cell contact. At contact sites, Notch and Delta immediately accumulated at 1:1 stoichiometry in synapses, which resolved by 15-20 min after contact. Synapse formation preceded the entrance of the Notch extracellular domain into the sender cell and accumulation of NICD in the nucleus of the receiver cell, which approached a maximum after ∼45 min and was prevented by chemical and genetic inhibitors of signaling. These findings directly link Notch-Delta synapse dynamics to NICD production with spatiotemporal precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Tveriakhina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo Scanavachi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily D Egan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ricardo Bango Da Cunha Correia
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandre P Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia M Rogers
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeremy S Yodh
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jon C Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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9
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Shi Q, Xue C, Zeng Y, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jiang S, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu D, Li L. Notch signaling pathway in cancer: from mechanistic insights to targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:128. [PMID: 38797752 PMCID: PMC11128457 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling, renowned for its role in regulating cell fate, organ development, and tissue homeostasis across metazoans, is highly conserved throughout evolution. The Notch receptor and its ligands are transmembrane proteins containing epidermal growth factor-like repeat sequences, typically necessitating receptor-ligand interaction to initiate classical Notch signaling transduction. Accumulating evidence indicates that the Notch signaling pathway serves as both an oncogenic factor and a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Dysregulation of this pathway promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis in malignancies, closely linked to cancer proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the Notch signaling pathway contributes to maintaining stem-like properties in cancer cells, thereby enhancing cancer invasiveness. The regulatory role of the Notch signaling pathway in cancer metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment suggests its pivotal involvement in balancing oncogenic and tumor suppressive effects. Moreover, the Notch signaling pathway is implicated in conferring chemoresistance to tumor cells. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of these biological processes is crucial for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting Notch signaling. This review focuses on the research progress of the Notch signaling pathway in cancers, providing in-depth insights into the potential mechanisms of Notch signaling regulation in the occurrence and progression of cancer. Additionally, the review summarizes pharmaceutical clinical trials targeting Notch signaling for cancer therapy, aiming to offer new insights into therapeutic strategies for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yifan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shuwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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10
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Sciaccotta R, Gangemi S, Penna G, Giordano L, Pioggia G, Allegra A. Potential New Therapies "ROS-Based" in CLL: An Innovative Paradigm in the Induction of Tumor Cell Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:475. [PMID: 38671922 PMCID: PMC11047475 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in spite of recent advancements, is still an incurable disease; the majority of patients eventually acquire resistance to treatment through relapses. In all subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the disruption of normal B-cell homeostasis is thought to be mostly caused by the absence of apoptosis. Consequently, apoptosis induction is crucial to the management of this illness. Damaged biological components can accumulate as a result of the oxidation of intracellular lipids, proteins, and DNA by reactive oxygen species. It is possible that cancer cells are more susceptible to apoptosis because of their increased production of reactive oxygen species. An excess of reactive oxygen species can lead to oxidative stress, which can harm biological elements like DNA and trigger apoptotic pathways that cause planned cell death. In order to upset the balance of oxidative stress in cells, recent therapeutic treatments in chronic lymphocytic leukemia have focused on either producing reactive oxygen species or inhibiting it. Examples include targets created in the field of nanomedicine, natural extracts and nutraceuticals, tailored therapy using biomarkers, and metabolic targets. Current developments in the complex connection between apoptosis, particularly ferroptosis and its involvement in epigenomics and alterations, have created a new paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Sciaccotta
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppa Penna
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Laura Giordano
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Giovanni Pioggia
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Hematology Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125 Messina, Italy; (R.S.); (G.P.); (L.G.)
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11
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Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Hu X, You Q, Jiang Z. Targeting kelch-like (KLHL) proteins: achievements, challenges and perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116270. [PMID: 38490062 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Kelch-like proteins (KLHLs) are a large family of BTB-containing proteins. KLHLs function as the substrate adaptor of Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) to recognize substrates. KLHLs play pivotal roles in regulating various physiological and pathological processes by modulating the ubiquitination of their respective substrates. Mounting evidence indicates that mutations or abnormal expression of KLHLs are associated with various human diseases. Targeting KLHLs is a viable strategy for deciphering the KLHLs-related pathways and devising therapies for associated diseases. Here, we comprehensively review the known KLHLs inhibitors to date and the brilliant ideas underlying their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangguo Zhou
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ziquan Zhao
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiuqi Hu
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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12
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Sud A, Parry EM, Wu CJ. The molecular map of CLL and Richter's syndrome. Semin Hematol 2024; 61:73-82. [PMID: 38368146 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of B-cells, from the early stages of monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis through to chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and then in some cases to Richter's syndrome (RS) provides a comprehensive model of cancer evolution, notable for the marked morphological transformation and distinct clinical phenotypes. High-throughput sequencing of large cohorts of patients and single-cell studies have generated a molecular map of CLL and more recently, of RS, yielding fundamental insights into these diseases and of clonal evolution. A selection of CLL driver genes have been functionally interrogated to yield novel insights into the biology of CLL. Such findings have the potential to impact patient care through risk stratification, treatment selection and drug discovery. However, this molecular map remains incomplete, with extant questions concerning the origin of the B-cell clone, the role of the TME, inter- and intra-compartmental heterogeneity and of therapeutic resistance mechanisms. Through the application of multi-modal single-cell technologies across tissues, disease states and clinical contexts, these questions can now be addressed with the answers holding great promise of generating translatable knowledge to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Erin M Parry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA.
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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13
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Schmid VK, Hobeika E. B cell receptor signaling and associated pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1339620. [PMID: 38469232 PMCID: PMC10926848 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1339620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling is a key driver of growth and survival in both normal and malignant B cells. Several lines of evidence support an important pathogenic role of the BCR in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The significant improvement of CLL patients' survival with the use of various BCR pathway targeting inhibitors, supports a crucial involvement of BCR signaling in the pathogenesis of CLL. Although the treatment landscape of CLL has significantly evolved in recent years, no agent has clearly demonstrated efficacy in patients with treatment-refractory CLL in the long run. To identify new drug targets and mechanisms of drug action in neoplastic B cells, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of leukemic transformation as well as CLL cell survival is required. In the last decades, studies of genetically modified CLL mouse models in line with CLL patient studies provided a variety of exciting data about BCR and BCR-associated kinases in their role in CLL pathogenesis as well as disease progression. BCR surface expression was identified as a particularly important factor regulating CLL cell survival. Also, BCR-associated kinases were shown to provide a crosstalk of the CLL cells with their tumor microenvironment, which highlights the significance of the cells' milieu in the assessment of disease progression and treatment. In this review, we summarize the major findings of recent CLL mouse as well as patient studies in regard to the BCR signalosome and discuss its relevance in the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Hobeika
- Institute of Immunology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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14
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Liu F, Tian S, Liu Q, Deng Y, He Q, Shi Q, Chen G, Xu X, Yuan J, Nakamura S, Karube K, Wang Z. Comparison of genomic alterations in Epstein-Barr virus-positive and Epstein-Barr virus-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6995. [PMID: 38457199 PMCID: PMC10922027 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-posDLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV-negative DLBCL (EBV-negDLBCL). AIMS AND METHODS To better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of EBV-posDLBCL and EBV-negDLBCL. RESULTS This analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV-posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV-negDLBCL. Compared with EBV-negDLBCL, more somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) and deletions were detected in EBV-posDLBCL (p = 0.01). The most frequent CNAs specifically detected in EBV-posDLBCL were gains at 9p24.1 (PDL1 and JAK2), 8q22.2-q24.23 (DEPTOR and MYC), and 7q31.31-q32.2 (MET), which were validated in additional EBV-posDLBCL cases. Overall, 53.7% (22/41) and 62.9% (22/35) of the cases expressed PD-L1 and c-MET, respectively, in neoplastic cells, whereas only 15.4% (4/26) expressed c-MYC. Neoplastic c-MET expression was positively correlated with PD-L1 (p < 0.001) and MYC expression (p = 0.016). However, EBV-posDLBCL cases did not show any differences in overall survival between PD-L1-, c-MET-, or c-MYC-positive and -negative cases or between age-related groups. Analysis of the association between somatic mutation load and EBV status showed no difference in the distribution of tumor mutant burden between the two lymphomas (p = 0.41). Recurrent mutations in EBV-posDLBCL implicated several genes, including DCAF8L1, KLF2, and NOL9, while in EBV-negDLBCL, ANK2, BPTF, and CNIH3 were more frequently mutated. Additionally, PIM1 is the most altered gene in all the WES-detected cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm that genomic alteration differs significantly between EBV-posDLBCL and EBV-negDLBCL, and reveal new genetic alterations in EBV-posDLBCL. The positive correlation of c-MET and PD-L1/c-Myc expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of EBV-posDLBCL, which is should be explored prospectively in trials involving MET-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of PathologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Sufang Tian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Zhongnan HospitalWuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of PathologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Yuanfei Deng
- Department of PathologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Qingyan He
- Department of PathologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Qianyun Shi
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower HospitalNanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of PathologyFujian Province Cancer CenterFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Xiuli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of PathologyThe First People's Hospital of FoshanFoshanGuangdongChina
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNagoya University HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Kennosuke Karube
- Department of Pathology and Clinical LaboratoriesNagoya University HospitalNagoyaJapan
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pathology, Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anShannxiChina
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15
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Ali A, Mahla SB, Reza V, Hossein A, Bahareh K, Mohammad H, Fatemeh S, Mostafa AB, Leili R. MicroRNAs: Potential prognostic and theranostic biomarkers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. EJHAEM 2024; 5:191-205. [PMID: 38406506 PMCID: PMC10887358 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Small noncoding ribonucleic acids called microRNAs coordinate numerous critical physiological and biological processes such as cell division, proliferation, and death. These regulatory molecules interfere with the function of many genes by binding the 3'-UTR region of target mRNAs to inhibit their translation or even degrade them. Given that a large proportion of miRNAs behave as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes, any genetic or epigenetic aberration changeing their structure and/or function could initiate tumor formation and development. An example of such cancers is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most prevalent adult leukemia in Western nations, which is caused by unregulated growth and buildup of defective cells in the peripheral blood and lymphoid organs. Genetic alterations at cellular and molecular levels play an important role in the occurrence and development of CLL. In this vein, it was noted that the development of this disease is noticeably affected by changes in the expression and function of miRNAs. Many studies on miRNAs have shown that these molecules are pivotal in the prognosis of different cancers, including CLL, and their epigenetic alterations (e.g., methylation) can predict disease progression and response to treatment. Furthermore, miRNAs are involved in the development of drug resistance in CLL, and targeting these molecules can be considered a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of this disease. MiRNA screening can offer important information on the etiology and development of CLL. Considering the importance of miRNAs in gene expression regulation, their application in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of CLL is reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afgar Ali
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Sattarzadeh Bardsiri Mahla
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Vahidi Reza
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Arezoomand Hossein
- Department of Hematology and Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical SciencesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Kashani Bahareh
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hosseininaveh Mohammad
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in IranKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Sharifi Fatemeh
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious DiseasesKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Amopour Bahnamiry Mostafa
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research ComplexPasteur Institute of IranTehranIran
| | - Rouhi Leili
- Student Research CommitteeKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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16
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Pagliaro L, Cerretani E, Vento F, Montanaro A, Moron Dalla Tor L, Simoncini E, Giaimo M, Gherli A, Zamponi R, Tartaglione I, Lorusso B, Scita M, Russo F, Sammarelli G, Todaro G, Silini EM, Rigolin GM, Quaini F, Cuneo A, Roti G. CAD204520 Targets NOTCH1 PEST Domain Mutations in Lymphoproliferative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:766. [PMID: 38255842 PMCID: PMC10815907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations are often seen in hematopoietic malignancies, including T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). These mutations play a key role in the development and progression of lymphoproliferative tumors by increasing the Notch signaling and, consequently, promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration, and suppressing apoptosis. There is currently no specific treatment available for cancers caused by NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations. However, several NOTCH1 inhibitors are in development. Among these, inhibition of the Sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) showed a greater effect in NOTCH1-mutated tumors compared to the wild-type ones. One example is CAD204520, a benzimidazole derivative active in T-ALL cells harboring NOTCH1 mutations. In this study, we preclinically assessed the effect of CAD204520 in CLL and MCL models and showed that NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations sensitize cells to the anti-leukemic activity mediated by CAD204520. Additionally, we tested the potential of CAD204520 in combination with the current first-line treatment of CLL, venetoclax, and ibrutinib. CAD204520 enhanced the synergistic effect of this treatment regimen only in samples harboring the NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations, thus supporting a role for Notch inhibition in these tumors. In summary, our work provides strong support for the development of CAD204520 as a novel therapeutic approach also in chronic lymphoproliferative disorders carrying NOTCH1 PEST domain mutations, emerging as a promising molecule for combination treatment in this aggressive subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Elisa Cerretani
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Vento
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Anna Montanaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Lucas Moron Dalla Tor
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Elisa Simoncini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariateresa Giaimo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Andrea Gherli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Raffaella Zamponi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Isotta Tartaglione
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
| | - Bruno Lorusso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Matteo Scita
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Filomena Russo
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Gabriella Sammarelli
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Giannalisa Todaro
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Enrico Maria Silini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Gian Matteo Rigolin
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
- Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
| | - Antonio Cuneo
- Department of Medical Science, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.S.); (G.M.R.); (A.C.)
- Hematology Unit, University Hospital of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (L.P.); (A.M.); (L.M.D.T.); (E.S.); (M.G.); (A.G.); (R.Z.); (B.L.); (E.M.S.); (F.Q.)
- Translational Hematology and Chemogenomics (THEC), University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.C.); (F.V.); (I.T.)
- Hematology and BMT Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (F.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
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17
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Newell S, van der Watt PJ, Leaner VD. Therapeutic targeting of nuclear export and import receptors in cancer and their potential in combination chemotherapy. IUBMB Life 2024; 76:4-25. [PMID: 37623925 PMCID: PMC10952567 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic modalities are crucial in the management of disseminated malignancies and liquid tumours. However, patient responses and tolerability to treatment are generally poor and those that enter remission often return with refractory disease. Combination therapies provide a methodology to overcome chemoresistance mechanisms and address dose-limiting toxicities. A deeper understanding of tumorigenic processes at the molecular level has brought a targeted therapy approach to the forefront of cancer research, and novel cancer biomarkers are being identified at a rapid rate, with some showing potential therapeutic benefits. The Karyopherin superfamily of proteins is soluble receptors that mediate nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and RNAs, and recently, nuclear transport receptors have been recognized as novel anticancer targets. Inhibitors against nuclear export have been approved for clinical use against certain cancer types, whereas inhibitors against nuclear import are in preclinical stages of investigation. Mechanistically, targeting nucleocytoplasmic shuttling has shown to abrogate oncogenic signalling and restore tumour suppressor functions through nuclear sequestration of relevant proteins and mRNAs. Hence, nuclear transport inhibitors display broad spectrum anticancer activity and harbour potential to engage in synergistic interactions with a wide array of cytotoxic agents and other targeted agents. This review is focussed on the most researched nuclear transport receptors in the context of cancer, XPO1 and KPNB1, and highlights how inhibitors targeting these receptors can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard of care therapies and novel targeted agents in a combination therapy approach. Furthermore, an updated review on the therapeutic targeting of lesser characterized karyopherin proteins is provided and resistance to clinically approved nuclear export inhibitors is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Newell
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Pauline J. van der Watt
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Virna D. Leaner
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- UCT/SAMRC Gynaecological Cancer Research CentreUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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18
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Sánchez Suárez MDM, Martín Roldán A, Alarcón-Payer C, Rodríguez-Gil MÁ, Poquet-Jornet JE, Puerta Puerta JM, Jiménez Morales A. Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Personalized Medicine Era. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:55. [PMID: 38258066 PMCID: PMC10818903 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a lymphoproliferative disorder marked by the expansion of monoclonal, mature CD5+CD23+ B cells in peripheral blood, secondary lymphoid tissues, and bone marrow. The disease exhibits significant heterogeneity, with numerous somatic genetic alterations identified in the neoplastic clone, notably mutated TP53 and immunoglobulin heavy chain mutational statuses. Recent studies emphasize the pivotal roles of genetics and patient fragility in treatment decisions. This complexity underscores the need for a personalized approach, tailoring interventions to individual genetic profiles for heightened efficacy. The era of personalized treatment in CLL signifies a transformative shift, holding the potential for improved outcomes in the conquest of this intricate hematologic disorder. This review plays a role in elucidating the evolving CLL treatment landscape, encompassing all reported genetic factors. Through a comprehensive historical analysis, it provides insights into the evolution of CLL management. Beyond its retrospective nature, this review could be a valuable resource for clinicians, researchers, and stakeholders, offering a window into the latest advancements. In essence, it serves as a dynamic exploration of our current position and the promising prospects on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Mar Sánchez Suárez
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Granada, Spain; (M.D.M.S.S.); (A.M.R.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Alicia Martín Roldán
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Granada, Spain; (M.D.M.S.S.); (A.M.R.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Carolina Alarcón-Payer
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Granada, Spain; (M.D.M.S.S.); (A.M.R.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Rodríguez-Gil
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Granada, Spain; (M.Á.R.-G.); (J.M.P.P.)
| | | | - José Manuel Puerta Puerta
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Hematología y Hemoterapia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Granada, Spain; (M.Á.R.-G.); (J.M.P.P.)
| | - Alberto Jiménez Morales
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Granada, Spain; (M.D.M.S.S.); (A.M.R.); (A.J.M.)
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19
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Byrne AJ, Bright SA, McKeown JP, Bergin A, Twamley B, McElligott AM, Noorani S, Kandwal S, Fayne D, O’Boyle NM, Williams DC, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and Pro-Apoptotic Effects of Nitrovinylanthracenes and Related Compounds in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) and Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL). Molecules 2023; 28:8095. [PMID: 38138584 PMCID: PMC10746112 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a malignancy of the immune B lymphocyte cells and is the most common leukaemia diagnosed in developed countries. In this paper, we report the synthesis and antiproliferative effects of a series of (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes and related nitrostyrene compounds in CLL cell lines and also in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) cell lines, a rare form of non-Hodgkin's immune B-cell lymphoma. The nitrostyrene scaffold was identified as a lead structure for the development of effective compounds targeting BL and CLL. The series of structurally diverse nitrostyrenes was synthesised via Henry-Knoevenagel condensation reactions. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirmed the structure of (E)-9-chloro-10-(2-nitrobut-1-en-1-yl)anthracene (19f) and the related 4-(anthracen-9-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole (30a). The (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes 19a, 19g and 19i-19m were found to elicit potent antiproliferative effects in both BL cell lines EBV-MUTU-1 (chemosensitive) and EBV+ DG-75 (chemoresistant) with >90% inhibition at 10 μM. Selected (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracenes demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity in CLL cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.17 μM (HG-3) and 1.3 μM (PGA-1) for compound 19g. The pro-apoptotic effects of the most potent compounds 19a, 19g, 19i, 19l and 19m were demonstrated in both CLL cell lines HG-3 and PGA-1. The (E)-nitrostyrene and (E)-9-(2-nitrovinyl)anthracene series of compounds offer potential for further development as novel chemotherapeutics for CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Byrne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Sandra A. Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - James. P. McKeown
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Adam Bergin
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Anthony M. McElligott
- Discipline of Haematology, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital and Trinity College, Dublin 8, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Sara Noorani
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - Shubhangi Kandwal
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Darren Fayne
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
| | - D. Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (S.K.); (D.F.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland (J.P.M.); (M.J.M.)
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20
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Schneider M, Allman A, Maillard I. Regulation of immune cell development, differentiation and function by stromal Notch ligands. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102256. [PMID: 37806295 PMCID: PMC10873072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, cell-to-cell communication is critical for the regulation of tissue organization. Notch signaling relies on direct interactions between Notch receptors on signal-receiving cells and Notch ligands on adjacent cells. Notch evolved to mediate local cellular interactions that are responsive to spatial cues via dosage-sensitive short-lived signals. Immune cells utilize these unique properties of Notch signaling to direct their development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we explore how immune cells interact through Notch receptors with stromal cells in specialized niches of lymphohematopoietic organs that express Notch-activating ligands. We emphasize factors that control these interactions and focus on how Notch signals communicate spatial, quantitative, and temporal information to program the function of signal-receiving cells in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anneka Allman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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21
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Lee SS, Oudjedi F, Kirk AG, Paliouras M, Trifiro MA. Photothermal therapy of papillary thyroid cancer tumor xenografts with targeted thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are being widely investigated in multiple biomedical applications including, and not limited to, drug delivery, gene therapy, imaging, biosensing, and tissue engineering. Their large surface area and aspect ratio in addition to their unique structural, optical properties, and thermal conductivity also make them potent candidates for novel hyperthermia therapy. Here we introduce thyroid hormone stimulating receptor (TSHR) antibody–conjugate–MWCNT formulation as an enhanced tumor targeting and light-absorbing device for the photoablation of xenografted BCPAP papillary thyroid cancer tumors. To ensure successful photothermal tumor ablation, we determined three key criteria that needed to be addressed: (1) predictive pre-operational modeling; (2) real-time monitoring of the tumor ablation process; and (3) post-operational follow-up to assess the efficacy and ensure complete response with minimal side effects. A COMSOL-based model of spatial temperature distributions of MWCNTs upon selected laser irradiation of the tumor was prepared to accurately predict the internal tumor temperature. This modeling ensured that 4.5W of total laser power delivered over 2 min, would cause an increase of tumor temperature above 45 ℃, and be needed to completely ablate the tumor while minimizing the damage to neighboring tissues. Experimentally, our temperature monitoring results were in line with our predictive modeling, with effective tumor photoablation leading to a significantly reduced post 5-week tumor recurrence using the TSHR-targeted MWCNTs. Ultimately, the results from this study support a utility for photosensitive biologically modified MWCNTs as a cancer therapeutic modality. Further studies will assist with the transition of photothermal therapy from preclinical studies to clinical evaluations.
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22
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Paniri A, Hosseini MM, Amjadi-Moheb F, Tabaripour R, Soleimani E, Langroudi MP, Zafari P, Akhavan-Niaki H. The epigenetics orchestra of Notch signaling: a symphony for cancer therapy. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1337-1358. [PMID: 38112013 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The aberrant regulation of the Notch signaling pathway, which is a fundamental developmental pathway, has been implicated in a wide range of human cancers. The Notch pathway can be activated by both canonical and noncanonical Notch ligands, and its role can switch between acting as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor depending on the context. Epigenetic modifications have the potential to modulate Notch and its ligands, thereby influencing Notch signal transduction. Consequently, the utilization of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms may present novel therapeutic opportunities for both single and combined therapeutics targeted at the Notch signaling pathway. This review offers insights into the mechanisms governing the regulation of Notch signaling and explores their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Paniri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 4619332976, Amol, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Amjadi-Moheb
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
| | - Reza Tabaripour
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Babol Branch, Islamic Azad University, Babol, 4747137381, Iran
| | - Elnaz Soleimani
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
| | | | - Parisa Zafari
- Ramsar Campus, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Ramsar, 4691786953, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, 4717647745,Iran
- Zoonoses Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 4619332976, Amol, Iran
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23
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Mghezzi-Habellah M, Prochasson L, Jalinot P, Mocquet V. Viral Subversion of the Chromosome Region Maintenance 1 Export Pathway and Its Consequences for the Cell Host. Viruses 2023; 15:2218. [PMID: 38005895 PMCID: PMC10674744 DOI: 10.3390/v15112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the spatial distribution between cytoplasm and nucleus is essential for cell homeostasis. This dynamic distribution is selectively regulated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which allows the passive or energy-dependent transport of proteins between these two compartments. Viruses possess many strategies to hijack nucleocytoplasmic shuttling for the benefit of their viral replication. Here, we review how viruses interfere with the karyopherin CRM1 that controls the nuclear export of protein cargoes. We analyze the fact that the viral hijacking of CRM1 provokes are-localization of numerous cellular factors in a suitable place for specific steps of viral replication. While CRM1 emerges as a critical partner for viruses, it also takes part in antiviral and inflammatory response regulation. This review also addresses how CRM1 hijacking affects it and the benefits of CRM1 inhibitors as antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vincent Mocquet
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, Ecole Normale Supérieure-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, U1293, UMR5239, 69364 Lyon, France; (M.M.-H.); (L.P.); (P.J.)
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24
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López-Oreja I, Gohr A, Playa-Albinyana H, Giró A, Arenas F, Higashi M, Tripathi R, López-Guerra M, Irimia M, Aymerich M, Valcárcel J, Bonnal S, Colomer D. SF3B1 mutation-mediated sensitization to H3B-8800 splicing inhibitor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301955. [PMID: 37562845 PMCID: PMC10415613 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Splicing factor 3B subunit 1 (SF3B1) is involved in pre-mRNA branch site recognition and is the target of antitumor-splicing inhibitors. Mutations in SF3B1 are observed in 15% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and are associated with poor prognosis, but their pathogenic mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using deep RNA-sequencing data from 298 CLL tumor samples and isogenic SF3B1 WT and K700E-mutated CLL cell lines, we characterize targets and pre-mRNA sequence features associated with the selection of cryptic 3' splice sites upon SF3B1 mutation, including an event in the MAP3K7 gene relevant for activation of NF-κB signaling. Using the H3B-8800 splicing modulator, we show, for the first time in CLL, cytotoxic effects in vitro in primary CLL samples and in SF3B1-mutated isogenic CLL cell lines, accompanied by major splicing changes and delayed leukemic infiltration in a CLL xenotransplant mouse model. H3B-8800 displayed preferential lethality towards SF3B1-mutated cells and synergism with the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax, supporting the potential use of SF3B1 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-Oreja
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - André Gohr
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heribert Playa-Albinyana
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna Giró
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian Arenas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Morihiro Higashi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rupal Tripathi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica López-Guerra
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Irimia
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Aymerich
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Valcárcel
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncologia, Madrid, Spain
- Universitat Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Parrondo RD, Iqbal M, Von Roemeling R, Von Roemeling C, Tun HW. IRAK-4 inhibition: emavusertib for the treatment of lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239082. [PMID: 37954584 PMCID: PMC10637517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have identified mutations in the MYD88L265P gene as a key driver mutation in several B-cell lymphomas. B-cell lymphomas that harbor the MYD88L265P mutation form a complex with phosphorylated Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) and are responsive to BTK inhibition. However, BTK inhibition in B-cell lymphomas rarely results in a complete response and most patients experience eventual disease relapse. Persistent survival signaling though downstream molecules such as interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK-4), an integral part of the "myddosome" complex, has been shown to be constitutively active in B-cell lymphoma patients treated with BTK inhibitors. Emerging evidence is demonstrating the therapeutic benefit of IRAK-4 inhibition in B-cell lymphomas, along with possibly reversing BTK inhibitor resistance. While MYD88 gene mutations are not present in myeloid malignancies, downstream overexpression of the oncogenic long form of IRAK-4 has been found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), particularly in AML and MDS that harbor mutations in splicing factors U2AF1 and SF3B1. These data suggest that the anti-leukemic activity of IRAK-4 inhibition can be exploited in relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML/MDS. In this review article, we discuss the currently available pre-clinical and clinical data of emavusertib, a selective, orally bioavailable IRAK-4 inhibitor in the treatment of R/R B-cell lymphomas and myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D. Parrondo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Madiha Iqbal
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | | | | | - Han W. Tun
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, United States
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Vitale C, Griggio V, Todaro M, Riganti C, Jones R, Boccellato E, Perutelli F, Arruga F, Vaisitti T, Efremov DG, Deaglio S, Landesman Y, Bruno B, Coscia M. Anti-tumor activity of selinexor in combination with antineoplastic agents in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16950. [PMID: 37805613 PMCID: PMC10560255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent relevant therapeutic progresses, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) remains an incurable disease. Selinexor, an oral inhibitor of the nuclear export protein XPO1, is active as single agent in different hematologic malignancies, including CLL. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of selinexor, used in combination with chemotherapy drugs (i.e. fludarabine and bendamustine) or with the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib in CLL. Our results showed a significant decrease in CLL cell viability after treatment with selinexor-containing drug combinations compared to each single compound, with demonstration of synergistic cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, this drug synergism was exerted also in the presence of the protective effect of stromal cells. From the molecular standpoint, the synergistic cytotoxic activity of selinexor plus idelalisib was associated with increased regulatory effects of this drug combination on the tumor suppressors FOXO3A and IkBα compared to each single compound. Finally, selinexor was also effective in potentiating the in vivo anti-tumor effects of the PI3Kδ inhibitor in mice treated with the drug combination compared to single agents. Our data provide preclinical evidence of the synergism and potential efficacy of a combination treatment targeting XPO1 and PI3Kδ in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Vitale
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Griggio
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Todaro
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Jones
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elia Boccellato
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Perutelli
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Arruga
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Dimitar G Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Deaglio
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Benedetto Bruno
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Marta Coscia
- University Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Tveriakhina L, Scanavachi G, Egan ED, Correia RBDC, Martin AP, Rogers JM, Yodh JS, Aster JC, Kirchhausen T, Blacklow SC. Temporal Dynamics and Stoichiometry in Notch Signaling - from Notch Synaptic Complex Formation to NICD Nuclear Entry. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.27.559780. [PMID: 37808809 PMCID: PMC10557745 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Notch signaling occurs when binding of Delta or Jagged to Notch stimulates proteolytic release of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD), which enters the nucleus to regulate target gene expression. To determine the temporal dynamics of events associated with Notch signaling under native conditions, we fluorescently tagged Notch and Delta at their endogenous genomic loci and visualized them upon pairing of receiver (Notch) and sender (Delta) cells as a function of time after cell contact. At contact sites, Notch and Delta immediately accumulated at 1:1 stoichiometry in synapses, which resolved by 15-20 min after contact. Synapse formation preceded entrance of the Notch extracellular domain into the sender cell and accumulation of NICD in the nucleus of the receiver cell, which approached a maximum after ∼45 min and was prevented by chemical and genetic inhibitors of signaling. These findings directly link Notch-Delta synapse dynamics to NICD production with unprecedented spatiotemporal precision.
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Mulligan EA, Tudhope SJ, Hunter JE, Clift AEG, Elliott SL, Summerfield GP, Wallis J, Pepper CJ, Durkacz B, Veuger S, Willmore E. Expression and Activity of the NF-κB Subunits in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia: A Role for RelB and Non-Canonical Signalling. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4736. [PMID: 37835430 PMCID: PMC10571822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canonical NF-κB signalling by p65 (RelA) confers chemo-resistance and poor survival in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). The role of non-canonical NF-κB signalling (leading to RelB and p52 subunit activation) in CLL is less understood, but given its importance in other B-cell tumour types, we theorised that RelB and p52 may also contribute to the pathology of CLL. METHODS DNA binding activity of all five NF-kB subunits, p65, p50, RelB, p52, and c-Rel, was quantified using ELISA and correlated to ex vivo chemoresistance, CD40L-stimulated signalling (to mimic the lymph node microenvironment), and clinical data. RESULTS Importantly, we show for the first time that high basal levels of RelB DNA binding correlate with nuclear RelB protein expression and are associated with del(11q), ATM dysfunction, unmutated IGHV genes, and shorter survival. High levels of nuclear p65 are prevalent in del(17p) cases (including treatment-naïve patients) and also correlate with the outcome. CD40L-stimulation resulted in rapid RelB activation, phosphorylation and processing of p100, and subsequent CLL cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS These data highlight a role for RelB in driving CLL cell tumour growth in a subset of patients and therefore strategies designed to inhibit non-canonical NF-κB signalling represent a novel approach that will have therapeutic benefit in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A. Mulligan
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Susan J. Tudhope
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jill E. Hunter
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Arabella E. G. Clift
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sarah L. Elliott
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Wallis
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Chris J. Pepper
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Barabara Durkacz
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7XA, UK
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Cancer Research UK Drug Discovery Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Robak T, Krawczyńska A, Cebula-Obrzut B, Urbaniak M, Iskierka-Jażdżewska E, Robak P. Atypical Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-The Current Status. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4427. [PMID: 37760396 PMCID: PMC10527541 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A diagnosis of typical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) requires the presence of ≥5000 clonal B-lymphocytes/μL, the coexistence of CD19, CD20, CD5, and CD23, the restriction of light chain immunoglobulin, and the lack of expression of antigens CD22 and CD79b. Atypical CLL (aCLL) can be distinguished from typical CLL morphologically and immunophenotypically. Morphologically atypical CLL cells have been defined mainly as large, atypical forms, prolymphocytes, or cleaved cells. However, current aCLL diagnostics rely more on immunophenotypic characteristics rather than atypical morphology. Immunophenotypically, atypical CLL differs from classic CLL in the lack of expression of one or fewer surface antigens, most commonly CD5 and CD23, and the patient does not meet the criteria for a diagnosis of any other B-cell lymphoid malignancy. Morphologically atypical CLL has more aggressive clinical behavior and worse prognosis than classic CLL. Patients with aCLL are more likely to display markers associated with poor prognosis, including trisomy 12, unmutated IGVH, and CD38 expression, compared with classic CLL. However, no standard or commonly accepted criteria exist for differentiating aCLL from classic CLL and the clinical significance of aCLL is still under debate. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic abnormalities of aCLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Krawczyńska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Cebula-Obrzut
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Urbaniak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Iskierka-Jażdżewska
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (A.K.); (B.C.-O.); (M.U.); (E.I.-J.); (P.R.)
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
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30
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Witkowska M, Majchrzak A, Robak P, Wolska-Washer A, Robak T. Metabolic and toxicological considerations for phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta inhibitors in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:617-633. [PMID: 37714711 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2260305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) inhibitors are a class of novel agents that are mainly used to treat B-cell malignancies. They function by inhibiting one or more enzymes which are part of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Idelalisib is a first-in-class PI3Kδ inhibitor effective in patients with B-cell lymphoid malignancies. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the chemical structure, mechanism of action, and metabolic and toxicological properties of PI3Kδ inhibitors and discusses their clinical applications in monotherapy and in combination with other agents for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A search was conducted of PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles in English. RESULTS/CONCLUSION PI3Kδ inhibitors hold potential for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, including CLL. However, their use is also associated with severe toxicities, including pneumonia, cytopenias, hepatitis, and rash. Newer drugs are in development to reduce toxicity with novel schedules and/or combinations. EXPERT OPINION The development of novel PI3Kδ inhibitors might help to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy in patients with CLL and other B-cell lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Witkowska
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Majchrzak
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wolska-Washer
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematooncology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of General Hematology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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31
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Leongamornlert D, Gutiérrez-Abril J, Lee S, Barretta E, Creasey T, Gundem G, Levine MF, Arango-Ossa JE, Liosis K, Medina-Martinez JS, Zuborne Alapi K, Kirkwood AA, Clifton-Hadley L, Patrick P, Jones D, O’Neill L, Butler AP, Harrison CJ, Campbell P, Patel B, Moorman AV, Fielding AK, Papaemmanuil E. Diagnostic utility of whole genome sequencing in adults with B-other acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3862-3873. [PMID: 36867579 PMCID: PMC10405200 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic profiling during the diagnosis of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) in adults is used to guide disease classification, risk stratification, and treatment decisions. Patients for whom diagnostic screening fails to identify disease-defining or risk-stratifying lesions are classified as having B-other ALL. We screened a cohort of 652 BCP-ALL cases enrolled in UKALL14 to identify and perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) of paired tumor-normal samples. For 52 patients with B-other, we compared the WGS findings with data from clinical and research cytogenetics. WGS identified a cancer-associated event in 51 of 52 patients, including an established subtype defining genetic alterations that were previously missed with standard-of-care (SoC) genetics in 5 of them. Of the 47 true B-other ALL, we identified a recurrent driver in 87% (41). A complex karyotype via cytogenetics emerges as a heterogeneous group, including distinct genetic alterations associated with either favorable (DUX4-r) or poor outcomes (MEF2D-r and IGK::BCL2). For a subset of 31 cases, we integrated the findings from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis to include fusion gene detection and classification based on gene expression. Compared with RNA-seq, WGS was sufficient to detect and resolve recurrent genetic subtypes; however, RNA-seq can provide orthogonal validation of findings. In conclusion, we demonstrated that WGS can identify clinically relevant genetic abnormalities missed with SoC testing as well as identify leukemia driver events in virtually all cases of B-other ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Leongamornlert
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jesús Gutiérrez-Abril
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - SooWah Lee
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emilio Barretta
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Creasey
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gunes Gundem
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Max F. Levine
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Juan E. Arango-Ossa
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Konstantinos Liosis
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Juan S. Medina-Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Krisztina Zuborne Alapi
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy A. Kirkwood
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Clifton-Hadley
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pip Patrick
- Cancer Research UK & UCL Cancer Trials Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Jones
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Laura O’Neill
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P. Butler
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Christine J. Harrison
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Bela Patel
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony V. Moorman
- Leukaemia Research Cytogenetics Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adele K. Fielding
- Department of Haematology, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elli Papaemmanuil
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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Mu Y, Chen Y, Meng Y, Chen T, Fan X, Yuan J, Lin J, Pan J, Li G, Feng J, Diao K, Li Y, Yu S, Liu L. Machine learning models-based on integration of next-generation sequencing testing and tumor cell sizes improve subtype classification of mature B-cell neoplasms. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1160383. [PMID: 37601650 PMCID: PMC10436202 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1160383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for mature B-cell neoplasms (MBNs) are widely applied clinically but have yet to be routinely used in a manner that is suitable for subtype differential diagnosis. This study retrospectively investigated newly diagnosed cases of MBNs from our laboratory to investigate mutation landscapes in Chinese patients with MBNs and to combine mutational information and machine learning (ML) into clinical applications for MBNs, especially for subtype classification. Methods Samples from the Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (COSMIC) database were collected for ML model construction and cases from our laboratory were used for ML model validation. Five repeats of 10-fold cross-validation Random Forest algorithm was used for ML model construction. Mutation detection was performed by NGS and tumor cell size was confirmed by cell morphology and/or flow cytometry in our laboratory. Results Totally 849 newly diagnosed MBN cases from our laboratory were retrospectively identified and included in mutational landscape analyses. Patterns of gene mutations in a variety of MBN subtypes were found, important to investigate tumorigenesis in MBNs. A long list of novel mutations was revealed, valuable to both functional studies and clinical applications. By combining gene mutation information revealed by NGS and ML, we established ML models that provide valuable information for MBN subtype classification. In total, 8895 cases of 8 subtypes of MBNs in the COSMIC database were collected and utilized for ML model construction, and the models were validated on the 849 MBN cases from our laboratory. A series of ML models was constructed in this study, and the most efficient model, with an accuracy of 0.87, was based on integration of NGS testing and tumor cell sizes. Conclusions The ML models were of great significance in the differential diagnosis of all cases and different MBN subtypes. Additionally, using NGS results to assist in subtype classification of MBNs by method of ML has positive clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Mu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University and Sun Yat‐sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhuan Meng
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijie Fan
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiecheng Yuan
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Lin
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Pan
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Guibin Li
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Feng
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiyuan Diao
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihui Yu
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University and Sun Yat‐sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou, China
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Guldenpfennig C, Teixeiro E, Daniels M. NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1214095. [PMID: 37533858 PMCID: PMC10391175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1214095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling is essential to an effective innate and adaptive immune response. Many immune-specific functional and developmental outcomes depend in large on NF-κB. The formidable task of sorting out the mechanisms behind the regulation and outcome of NF-κB signaling remains an important area of immunology research. Here we briefly discuss the role of NF-κB in regulating cell fate decisions at various times in the path of B cell development, activation, and the generation of long-term humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Guldenpfennig
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Emma Teixeiro
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Mark Daniels
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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Aptullahoglu E, Wallis JP, Marr H, Marshall S, Bown N, Willmore E, Lunec J. SF3B1 Mutations Are Associated with Resistance to Non-Genotoxic MDM2 Inhibition in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11335. [PMID: 37511096 PMCID: PMC10379212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous malignancy affecting older individuals. There are a number of current treatment options for CLL, including monoclonal antibodies, targeted drugs, chemotherapy, and different combinations of these. However, for those patients who are intrinsically treatment resistant, or relapse following initial responses, novel targeted therapies are still needed. Targeting the mouse double-minute-2 human homolog (MDM2), a primary negative regulator of p53, is an appealing therapeutic strategy for non-genotoxic reactivation of p53, since the TP53 gene is in its wild-type state at diagnosis in approximately 90% of patients. Mutated SF3B1 and TP53 are both associated with more aggressive disease, resistance to therapies and poorer overall survival for CLL. In this study, we performed a screen for SF3B1 and TP53 mutations and tested RG7388 (idasanutlin), a second-generation MDM2 inhibitor, in a cohort of CLL primary patient samples. SF3B1 mutations were detected in 24 of 195 cases (12.3%) and found associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 2.12, p = 0.032) and high CD38 expression (median CD38 (%) 32 vs. 5; p = 0.0087). The novel striking finding of this study was an independent link between SF3B1 mutational status and poor response to RG7388. Overall, SF3B1 mutations in CLL patient samples were associated with resistance to treatment with RG7388 ex vivo, and patients with the wild type for both SF3B1 and TP53 are more likely to benefit from treatment with MDM2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Aptullahoglu
- Medical Faculty, Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK
| | - Jonathan P Wallis
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Helen Marr
- Department of Haematology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
| | - Scott Marshall
- Department of Haematology, City Hospitals Sunderland NHS Trust, Sunderland SR4 7TP, UK
| | - Nick Bown
- Northern Genetics Service, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Elaine Willmore
- Medical Faculty, Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK
| | - John Lunec
- Medical Faculty, Newcastle University Cancer Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AD, UK
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Vegivinti CTR, Keesari PR, Veeraballi S, Martins Maia CMP, Mehta AK, Lavu RR, Thakur RK, Tella SH, Patel R, Kakumani VK, Pulakurthi YS, Aluri S, Aggarwal RK, Ramachandra N, Zhao R, Sahu S, Shastri A, Verma A. Role of innate immunological/inflammatory pathways in myelodysplastic syndromes and AML: a narrative review. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:60. [PMID: 37422676 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00422-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the innate immune system and inflammatory-related pathways has been implicated in hematopoietic defects in the bone marrow microenvironment and associated with aging, clonal hematopoiesis, myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). As the innate immune system and its pathway regulators have been implicated in the pathogenesis of MDS/AML, novel approaches targeting these pathways have shown promising results. Variability in expression of Toll like receptors (TLRs), abnormal levels of MyD88 and subsequent activation of NF-κβ, dysregulated IL1-receptor associated kinases (IRAK), alterations in TGF-β and SMAD signaling, high levels of S100A8/A9 have all been implicated in pathogenesis of MDS/AML. In this review we not only discuss the interplay of various innate immune pathways in MDS pathogenesis but also focus on potential therapeutic targets from recent clinical trials including the use of monoclonal antibodies and small molecule inhibitors against these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan Thej Reddy Vegivinti
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | | | | | | | - Ansh Krishnachandra Mehta
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jacobi Medical Center/ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Rohit Reddy Lavu
- Department of Oncology, Yashoda hospitals, Hyderabad, 500036, India
| | - Rahul Kumar Thakur
- Department of Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Sri Harsha Tella
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, US
| | - Riya Patel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Buffalo - Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, US
| | | | | | - Srinivas Aluri
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | | | - Nandini Ramachandra
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Rongbao Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Srabani Sahu
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Aditi Shastri
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
- Department of Oncology, Blood Cancer Institute, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US.
- Department of Oncology, Blood Cancer Institute, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, US.
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Deshotels L, Safa FM, Saba NS. NOTCH Signaling in Mantle Cell Lymphoma: Biological and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10280. [PMID: 37373427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major progress in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) therapeutics, MCL remains a deadly disease with a median survival not exceeding four years. No single driver genetic lesion has been described to solely give rise to MCL. The hallmark translocation t(11;14)(q13;q32) requires additional genetic alterations for the malignant transformation. A short list of recurrently mutated genes including ATM, CCND1, UBR5, TP53, BIRC3, NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and TRAF2 recently emerged as contributors to the pathogenesis of MCL. Notably, NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 were found to be mutated in multiple B cell lymphomas, including 5-10% of MCL, with most of these mutations occurring within the PEST domain of the protein. The NOTCH genes play a critical role in the early and late phases of normal B cell differentiation. In MCL, mutations in the PEST domain stabilize NOTCH proteins, rendering them resistant to degradation, which subsequently results in the upregulation of genes involved in angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, and cell migration and adhesion. At the clinical level, mutated NOTCH genes are associated with aggressive features in MCL, such as the blastoid and pleomorphic variants, a shorter response to treatment, and inferior survival. In this article, we explore in detail the role of NOTCH signaling in MCL biology and the ongoing efforts toward targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Deshotels
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Firas M Safa
- Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier du Mans, 72037 Le Mans, France
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Robbe P, Schuh A. Genomic Stratification of Hematological Malignancies. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e902. [PMID: 37251914 PMCID: PMC10219718 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Robbe
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anna Schuh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Christensen LM, Severinsen MT, Katoch P, Ovlisen AK, Hoyer T, Jensen P, Dybkaer K, Kristensen DT. An Aggressive Course of Transformed Splenic Diffuse Red Pulp Small B-Cell Lymphoma With Novel Somatic Loss-of-Function Mutation in RB1. J Hematol 2023; 12:118-122. [PMID: 37435411 PMCID: PMC10332862 DOI: 10.14740/jh1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma (SDRPL) is an extremely rare B-cell lymphoma. The disease is typically indolent and treatment with splenectomy usually results in durable remissions. Here, we present a case of an extremely aggressive course of SDRPL with transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and multiple relapses immediately following cessation of immunochemotherapy. We provide results from whole-exome sequencing from debut of SDRPL and from following transformed stages and identified a novel somatic mutation in RB1 as the possible driver of this aggressive disease, which has not been reported earlier in SDRPL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maj Christensen
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marianne Tang Severinsen
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pragya Katoch
- Department of Pathology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kiesbye Ovlisen
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thor Hoyer
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paw Jensen
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Karen Dybkaer
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tuyet Kristensen
- Department of Hematology, Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Nejati R, Amador C, Czader M, Thacker E, Thakkar D, Dave SS, Dogan A, Duffield A, Goodlad JR, Ott G, Wasik MA, Xiao W, Cook JR. Progression of Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasms: Report from the 2021 SH/EAHP Workshop. Am J Clin Pathol 2023:7135990. [PMID: 37085150 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize cases submitted to the 2021 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop under the categories of progression of Hodgkin lymphoma, plasmablastic myeloma, and plasma cell myeloma. METHODS The workshop panel reviewed 20 cases covered in this session. In addition, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-genome RNA expression analysis were performed on 10 submitted cases, including 6 Hodgkin lymphoma and 4 plasma neoplasm cases. RESULTS The cases of Hodgkin lymphoma included transformed cases to or from various types of B-cell lymphoma with 1 exception, which had T-cell differentiation. The cases of plasma cell neoplasms included cases with plasmablastic progression, progression to plasma cell leukemia, and secondary B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene variants identified by WES included some known to be recurrent in Hodgkin lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasm. All submitted Hodgkin lymphoma samples showed 1 or more of these mutations: SOCS1, FGFR2, KMT2D, RIT1, SPEN, STAT6, TET2, TNFAIP3, and ZNF217. CONCLUSIONS Better molecular characterization of both of these neoplasms and mechanisms of progression will help us to better understand mechanisms of progression and perhaps develop better prognostic models, as well as identifying novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nejati
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catalina Amador
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Devang Thakkar
- Department of Medcine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sandeep S Dave
- Department of Medcine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmet Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Duffield
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John R Goodlad
- Department of Pathology, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mariusz A Wasik
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Medcine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James R Cook
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Mu Y, Fan X, Chen T, Meng Y, Lin J, Yuan J, Yu S, Chen Y, Liu L. MYD88-Mutated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma as a Distinctive Molecular Subgroup Is Associated with Atypical Immunophenotypes in Chinese Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072667. [PMID: 37048750 PMCID: PMC10094974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) is a heterogeneous disease in Western and Chinese populations, and it is still not well characterized in Chinese patients. Based on a large cohort of newly diagnosed CLL/SLL patients from China, we investigated immunophenotypes, genetic abnormalities, and their correlations. Eighty-four percent of the CLL/SLL patients showed typical immunophenotypes with scores of 4 or 5 points in the Royal Marsden Hospital (RMH) scoring system (classic group), and the remaining 16% of patients were atypical with scores lower than 4 points (atypical group). Trisomy 12 and variants of TP53, NOTCH1, SF3B1, ATM, and MYD88 were the most recurrent genetic aberrations. Additionally, unsupervised genomic analysis based on molecular genetics revealed distinctive characteristics of MYD88 variants in CLL/SLL. By overlapping different correlation grouping analysis from genetics to immunophenotypes, the results showed MYD88 variants to be highly related to atypical CLL/SLL immunophenotypes. Furthermore, compared with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), the genetic landscape showed potential value in clinical differential diagnosis of atypical CLL/SLL and MCL patients. These results reveal immunophenotypic and genetic features, and may provide insights into the tumorigenesis and clinical management of Chinese CLL/SLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Mu
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xijie Fan
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Yuhuan Meng
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Junwei Lin
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jiecheng Yuan
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Shihui Yu
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- Clinical Genome Center, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
- Clinical Genome Center, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510320, China
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and Sun Yat-sen Institute of Hematology, Guangzhou 510630, China
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O’Donnell A, Pepper C, Mitchell S, Pepper A. NF-kB and the CLL microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1169397. [PMID: 37064123 PMCID: PMC10098180 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1169397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most prevalent type of leukemia in the western world. Despite the positive clinical effects of new targeted therapies, CLL still remains an incurable and refractory disease and resistance to treatments are commonly encountered. The Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) transcription factor has been implicated in the pathology of CLL, with high levels of NF-κB associated with disease progression and drug resistance. This aberrant NF-κB activation can be caused by genetic mutations in the tumor cells and microenvironmental factors, which promote NF-κB signaling. Activation can be induced via two distinct pathways, the canonical and non-canonical pathway, which result in tumor cell proliferation, survival and drug resistance. Therefore, understanding how the CLL microenvironment drives NF-κB activation is important for deciphering how CLL cells evade treatment and may aid the development of novel targeting therapeutics. The CLL microenvironment is comprised of various cells, including nurse like cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, follicular dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells. By activating different receptors, including the B cell receptor and CD40, these cells cause overactivity of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. Within this review, we will explore the different components of the CLL microenvironment that drive the NF-κB pathway, investigating how this knowledge is being translated in the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice O’Donnell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Pepper
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Mitchell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Pepper
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Mollstedt J, Mansouri L, Rosenquist R. Precision diagnostics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Past, present and future. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1146486. [PMID: 37035166 PMCID: PMC10080996 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1146486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic diagnostics of hematological malignancies has evolved dramatically over the years, from chromosomal banding analysis to next-generation sequencing, with a corresponding increased capacity to detect clinically relevant prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In diagnostics of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we currently apply fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)-based analysis to detect recurrent chromosomal aberrations (del(11q), del(13q), del(17p) and trisomy 12) as well as targeted sequencing (IGHV and TP53 mutational status) for risk-stratifying purposes. These analyses are performed before start of any line of treatment and assist in clinical decision-making including selection of targeted therapy (BTK and BCL2 inhibitors). Here, we present the current view on the genomic landscape of CLL, including an update on recent advances with potential for clinical translation. We discuss different state-of-the-art technologies that are applied to enable precision diagnostics in CLL and highlight important genomic markers with current prognostic and/or predictive impact as well as those of prospective clinical relevance. In the coming years, it will be important to develop more comprehensive genomic analyses that can capture all types of relevant genetic aberrations, but also to develop highly sensitive assays to detect minor mutations that affect therapy response or confer resistance to targeted therapies. Finally, we will bring up the potential of new technologies and multi-omics analysis to further subclassify the disease and facilitate implementation of precision medicine approaches in this still incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mollstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Larry Mansouri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Rosenquist
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
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Briski R, Taylor J. Treatment of Richter Transformation of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in the Modern Era. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061857. [PMID: 36980742 PMCID: PMC10047346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Richter Transformation (RT) refers to the development of an aggressive lymphoma in the setting of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). While many variants of RT are recognized, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (RT-DLBCL) is the most common (80%), followed by Hodgkin’s lymphoma (RT-HL, 19%). Diagnosis is based upon histologic evaluation of clinically suspicious lymph nodes. Positron emission tomography (PET) may be used to select the node of interest for biopsy. Although clonality testing is not a prerequisite of RT diagnosis, it has significant implications for survival. Clonally related DLBCL carries the worst prognosis with a median overall survival (OS) of less than one year in the era of combination chemotherapies with or without anti-CD20 antibodies. Prognosis has improved with the use of stem cell transplant and newer agents such as targeted therapy and newer forms of immunotherapy. Consideration of a clinical trial is encouraged. This review describes our current understanding of RT and focuses on treatment of RT-DLBCL, including clinical trials in progress and new therapies in development. We also report an illustrative example of a patient with clonally related DLBCL who survived two years after diagnosis without the use of combination chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Briski
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Justin Taylor
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence:
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Awata-Shiraiwa M, Yokohama A, Kanai Y, Gotoh N, Kasamatsu T, Handa H, Saitoh T, Murakami H, Hirato J, Ikota H, Tsukamoto N. Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Non-IgM-Type Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Are Genetically Similar. Acta Haematol 2023; 146:384-390. [PMID: 36917966 DOI: 10.1159/000530100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) represents a subset of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL) with the immunoglobulin (Ig)M paraprotein. MYD88 L265P and CXCR4 mutations are common mutations in WM patients, and mutations in ARID1A and KMT2D (MLL2) have also been reported. However, little information has been accumulated on genetic changes in LPL with other paraproteins like IgG. METHODS We therefore aimed to evaluate genetic differences between WM and LPL with non-IgM paraprotein (non-IgM-type LPL) using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 20 Japanese patients (10 with WM, 10 with non-IgM-type LPL). RESULTS Mutations were detected in ARID1A (10%), CXCR4 (20%), MYD88 (90%), and KMT2D (0%) for WM patients and in ARID1A (10%), CXCR4 (20%), MYD88 (70%), and KMT2D (10%) for non-IgM-type LPL patients. No significant differences were identified. No mutations were detected in NOTCH2, PRDM1, CD274 (PD-L1), PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2), RAG2, MYBBP1A, TP53, or CD79B. DISCUSSION Mutant allele frequency in MYD88 L265P did not differ significantly between WM and non-IgM-type LPL. Most mutations detected by NGS were subclonal following MYD88 L265P, although one non-IgM-type LPL patient harbored only CXCR4 S338X mutation. Our NGS analyses reveal genetic characteristics in LPL patients and suggest genetic similarities between these two subsets of LPL, WM and non-IgM-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaya Awata-Shiraiwa
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kanai
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Nanami Gotoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Hematology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
- Gunma University of Health and Welfare, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Junko Hirato
- Clinical Department of Pathology, Public Tomioka General Hospital, Tomioka, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikota
- Clinical Department of Pathology, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
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Prognostication of DNA Damage Response Protein Expression Patterns in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065481. [PMID: 36982555 PMCID: PMC10049670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomic DNA Damage Repair (DDR) expression patterns in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia were characterized by quantifying and clustering 24 total and phosphorylated DDR proteins. Overall, three protein expression patterns (C1-C3) were identified and were associated as an independent predictor of distinct patient overall survival outcomes. Patients within clusters C1 and C2 had poorer survival outcomes and responses to fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituxan chemotherapy compared to patients within cluster C3. However, DDR protein expression patterns were not prognostic in more modern therapies with BCL2 inhibitors or a BTK/PI3K inhibitor. Individually, nine of the DDR proteins were prognostic for predicting overall survival and/or time to first treatment. When looking for other proteins that may be associated with or influenced by DDR expression patterns, our differential expression analysis found that cell cycle and adhesion proteins were lower in clusters compared to normal CD19 controls. In addition, cluster C3 had a lower expression of MAPK proteins compared to the poor prognostic patient clusters thus implying a potential regulatory connection between adhesion, cell cycle, MAPK, and DDR signaling in CLL. Thus, assessing the proteomic expression of DNA damage proteins in CLL provided novel insights for deciphering influences on patient outcomes and expanded our understanding of the potential complexities and effects of DDR cell signaling.
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46
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Iyer P, Wang L. Emerging Therapies in CLL in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1583. [PMID: 36900373 PMCID: PMC10000606 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the treatment landscape of CLL has vastly changed from the conventional FC (fludarabine and cyclophosphamide) and FCR (FC with rituximab) chemotherapies to targeted therapies, including inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) as well as inhibitors of BCL2. These treatment options dramatically improved clinical outcomes; however, not all patients respond well to these therapies, especially high-risk patients. Clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, CTLA4) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) or NK (CAR NK) cell treatment have shown some efficacy; still, long-term outcomes and safety issues have yet to be determined. CLL remains an incurable disease. Thus, there are unmet needs to discover new molecular pathways with targeted or combination therapies to cure the disease. Large-scale genome-wide whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing studies have discovered genetic alterations associated with disease progression, refined the prognostic markers in CLL, identified mutations underlying drug resistance, and pointed out critical targets to treat the disease. More recently, transcriptome and proteome landscape characterization further stratified the disease and revealed novel therapeutic targets in CLL. In this review, we briefly summarize the past and present available single or combination therapies, focusing on potential emerging therapies to address the unmet clinical needs in CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajish Iyer
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91007, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Monrovia, CA 91007, USA
- Toni Stephenson Lymphoma Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91016, USA
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47
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Funakoshi Y, Sugihara Y, Uneda A, Nakashima T, Suzuki H. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of medulloblastoma. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:741-749. [PMID: 36520034 PMCID: PMC9986075 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor composed of four molecular subgroups. Recent intensive genomics has greatly contributed to our understanding of medulloblastoma pathogenesis. Sequencing studies identified novel mutations involved in the cyclic AMP-dependent pathway or RNA processing in the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subgroup, and core-binding factor subunit alpha (CBFA) complex in the group 4 subgroup. Likewise, single-cell sequencing provided detailed insights into the cell of origin associated with brain development. In this review, we will summarize recent findings by sequencing analyses for medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Funakoshi
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sugihara
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Uneda
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Takuma Nakashima
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Suzuki
- Division of Brain Tumor Translational Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Japan
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48
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Abolhasani S, Hejazian SS, Karpisheh V, Khodakarami A, Mohammadi H, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F. The role of SF3B1 and NOTCH1 in the pathogenesis of leukemia. IUBMB Life 2023; 75:257-278. [PMID: 35848163 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new genes/pathways improves our knowledge of cancer pathogenesis and presents novel potential therapeutic options. For instance, splicing factor 3b subunit 1 (SF3B1) and NOTCH1 genetic alterations have been identified at a high frequency in hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, and may be related to the prognosis of involved patients because they change the nature of malignancies in different ways like mediating therapeutic resistance; therefore, studying these gene/pathways is essential. This review aims to discuss SF3B1 and NOTCH1 roles in the pathogenesis of various types of leukemia and the therapeutic potential of targeting these genes or their mutations to provide a foundation for leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Abolhasani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Karpisheh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Khodakarami
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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49
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Frontzek F, Staiger AM, Wullenkord R, Grau M, Zapukhlyak M, Kurz KS, Horn H, Erdmann T, Fend F, Richter J, Klapper W, Lenz P, Hailfinger S, Tasidou A, Trautmann M, Hartmann W, Rosenwald A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ott G, Anagnostopoulos I, Lenz G. Molecular profiling of EBV associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2023; 37:670-679. [PMID: 36604606 PMCID: PMC9991915 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01804-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a rare aggressive B-cell lymphoma subtype characterized by an adverse clinical outcome. EBV infection of lymphoma cells has been associated with different lymphoma subtypes while the precise role of EBV in lymphomagenesis and specific molecular characteristics of these lymphomas remain elusive. To further unravel the biology of EBV associated DLBCL, we present a comprehensive molecular analysis of overall 60 primary EBV positive (EBV+) DLBCLs using targeted sequencing of cancer candidate genes (CCGs) and genome-wide determination of recurrent somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in 46 cases, respectively. Applying the LymphGen classifier 2.0, we found that less than 20% of primary EBV + DLBCLs correspond to one of the established molecular DLBCL subtypes underscoring the unique biology of this entity. We have identified recurrent mutations activating the oncogenic JAK-STAT and NOTCH pathways as well as frequent amplifications of 9p24.1 contributing to immune escape by PD-L1 overexpression. Our findings enable further functional preclinical and clinical studies exploring the therapeutic potential of targeting these aberrations in patients with EBV + DLBCL to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Frontzek
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Annette M Staiger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Wullenkord
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Myroslav Zapukhlyak
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katrin S Kurz
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Heike Horn
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tabea Erdmann
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Falko Fend
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Reference Center for Haematopathology University Hospital, Tübingen Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Richter
- Division of Hematophathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klapper
- Division of Hematophathology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Lenz
- Department of Physics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Anna Tasidou
- Department of Hematopathology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Reference Center for Haematopathology University Hospital, Tübingen Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - German Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert Bosch Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany.,Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Department of Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
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50
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Abstract
Although differential transcription drives the development of multicellular organisms, the ultimate readout of a protein-coding gene is ribosome-dependent mRNA translation. Ribosomes were once thought of as uniform molecular machines, but emerging evidence indicates that the complexity and diversity of ribosome biogenesis and function should be given a fresh look in the context of development. This Review begins with a discussion of different developmental disorders that have been linked with perturbations in ribosome production and function. We then highlight recent studies that reveal how different cells and tissues exhibit variable levels of ribosome production and protein synthesis, and how changes in protein synthesis capacity can influence specific cell fate decisions. We finish by touching upon ribosome heterogeneity in stress responses and development. These discussions highlight the importance of considering both ribosome levels and functional specialization in the context of development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Ni
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael Buszczak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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