1
|
Singh G, Sharma P, Forrest GF, Harkema SJ, Behrman A, Gerasimenko Y. Spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation in cervical spinal cord injury: A review examining upper extremity neuromotor control, recovery mechanisms, and future directions. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38874496 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) results in significant sensorimotor impairments below the injury level, notably in the upper extremities (UE), impacting daily activities and quality of life. Regaining UE function remains the top priority for individuals post cervical SCI. Recent advances in understanding adaptive plasticity within the sensorimotor system have led to the development of novel non-invasive neurostimulation strategies, such as spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS), to facilitate UE motor recovery after SCI. This comprehensive review investigates the neuromotor control of UE, the typical recovery trajectories following SCI, and the therapeutic potential of scTS to enhance UE motor function in individuals with cervical SCI. Although limited in number with smaller sample sizes, the included research articles consistently suggest that scTS, when combined with task-specific training, improves voluntary control of arm and hand function and sensation. Furthermore, the reported improvements translate to recovery of various UE functional tasks and positively impact the quality of life in individuals with cervical SCI. Several methodological limitations, including stimulation site selection and parameters, training strategies and sensitive outcome measures, require further advancements to allow successful translation of scTS from research to clinical settings. This review also summarizes the current literature and proposes future directions to support establishing approaches for scTS as a viable neuro-rehabilitative tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Singh
- Spalding University, 901 S 3rs Street, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40203
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Neurological Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40292;
| | - Pawan Sharma
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Neurological Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky, United States;
| | - Gail F Forrest
- Kessler Foundation, Human Performance and Engineering Research, West Orange, New Jersey, United States
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Newark, New Jersey, United States;
| | - Susan J Harkema
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Neurological Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- UofL Health Frazier Rehabilitation Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- University of Louisville, Department of Bioengineering, Louisville, Kentucky, United States;
| | - Andrea Behrman
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- UofL Health Frazier Rehabilitation Institute, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Neurological Surgery, Louisville, Kentucky, United States;
| | - Yury Gerasimenko
- University of Louisville, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- University of Louisville, Physiology, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sankt-Peterburg, Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carmona LM, Thomas ED, Smith K, Tasic B, Costa RM, Nelson A. Topographical and cell type-specific connectivity of rostral and caudal forelimb corticospinal neuron populations. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113993. [PMID: 38551963 PMCID: PMC11100358 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Corticospinal neurons (CSNs) synapse directly on spinal neurons, a diverse assortment of cells with unique structural and functional properties necessary for body movements. CSNs modulating forelimb behavior fractionate into caudal forelimb area (CFA) and rostral forelimb area (RFA) motor cortical populations. Despite their prominence, the full diversity of spinal neurons targeted by CFA and RFA CSNs is uncharted. Here, we use anatomical and RNA sequencing methods to show that CSNs synapse onto a remarkably selective group of spinal cell types, favoring inhibitory populations that regulate motoneuron activity and gate sensory feedback. CFA and RFA CSNs target similar spinal neuron types, with notable exceptions that suggest that these populations differ in how they influence behavior. Finally, axon collaterals of CFA and RFA CSNs target similar brain regions yet receive highly divergent inputs. These results detail the rules of CSN connectivity throughout the brain and spinal cord for two regions critical for forelimb behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Marcela Carmona
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric D Thomas
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kimberly Smith
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rui M Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Allen Institute for Brain Science, Allen Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anders Nelson
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gradwell MA, Ozeri-Engelhard N, Eisdorfer JT, Laflamme OD, Gonzalez M, Upadhyay A, Medlock L, Shrier T, Patel KR, Aoki A, Gandhi M, Abbas-Zadeh G, Oputa O, Thackray JK, Ricci M, George A, Yusuf N, Keating J, Imtiaz Z, Alomary SA, Bohic M, Haas M, Hernandez Y, Prescott SA, Akay T, Abraira VE. Multimodal sensory control of motor performance by glycinergic interneurons of the mouse spinal cord deep dorsal horn. Neuron 2024; 112:1302-1327.e13. [PMID: 38452762 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Sensory feedback is integral for contextually appropriate motor output, yet the neural circuits responsible remain elusive. Here, we pinpoint the medial deep dorsal horn of the mouse spinal cord as a convergence point for proprioceptive and cutaneous input. Within this region, we identify a population of tonically active glycinergic inhibitory neurons expressing parvalbumin. Using anatomy and electrophysiology, we demonstrate that deep dorsal horn parvalbumin-expressing interneuron (dPV) activity is shaped by convergent proprioceptive, cutaneous, and descending input. Selectively targeting spinal dPVs, we reveal their widespread ipsilateral inhibition onto pre-motor and motor networks and demonstrate their role in gating sensory-evoked muscle activity using electromyography (EMG) recordings. dPV ablation altered limb kinematics and step-cycle timing during treadmill locomotion and reduced the transitions between sub-movements during spontaneous behavior. These findings reveal a circuit basis by which sensory convergence onto dorsal horn inhibitory neurons modulates motor output to facilitate smooth movement and context-appropriate transitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Gradwell
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nofar Ozeri-Engelhard
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Neuroscience PhD program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jaclyn T Eisdorfer
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olivier D Laflamme
- Dalhousie PhD program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Medical Neuroscience, Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Melissa Gonzalez
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Aman Upadhyay
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Neuroscience PhD program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laura Medlock
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tara Shrier
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Komal R Patel
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Adin Aoki
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Melissa Gandhi
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gloria Abbas-Zadeh
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Olisemaka Oputa
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua K Thackray
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study (TIC Genetics)
| | - Matthew Ricci
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Arlene George
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Nusrath Yusuf
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Neuroscience PhD program, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica Keating
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zarghona Imtiaz
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Simona A Alomary
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Manon Bohic
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Michael Haas
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yurdiana Hernandez
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Steven A Prescott
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Turgay Akay
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Victoria E Abraira
- Cell Biology and Neuroscience Department, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grifoni J, Crispiatico V, Castagna A, Quartarone A, Converti RM, Ramella M, Granata G, Di Iorio R, Brancucci A, Bevacqua G, Pagani M, L'Abbate T, Armonaite K, Paulon L, Tecchio F. Musician's dystonia: an opinion on novel treatment strategies. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1393767. [PMID: 38660229 PMCID: PMC11041626 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1393767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Grifoni
- Uninettuno International University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience LET'S, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies ISTC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Granata
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Iorio
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brancucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie, Umane e della Salute, Università di Roma “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Pagani
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience LET'S, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies ISTC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa L'Abbate
- Uninettuno International University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience LET'S, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies ISTC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Karolina Armonaite
- Uninettuno International University, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience LET'S, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies ISTC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Paulon
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience LET'S, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies ISTC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Rome, Italy
- Independent Researcher, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Tecchio
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational neuroScience LET'S, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies ISTC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dusing MR, LaSarge CL, Drake AW, Westerkamp GC, McCoy C, Hetzer SM, Kraus KL, Pedapati EV, Danzer SC. Transient Seizure Clusters and Epileptiform Activity Following Widespread Bilateral Hippocampal Interneuron Ablation. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0317-23.2024. [PMID: 38575351 PMCID: PMC11036118 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0317-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Interneuron loss is a prominent feature of temporal lobe epilepsy in both animals and humans and is hypothesized to be critical for epileptogenesis. As loss occurs concurrently with numerous other potentially proepileptogenic changes, however, the impact of interneuron loss in isolation remains unclear. For the present study, we developed an intersectional genetic approach to induce bilateral diphtheria toxin-mediated deletion of Vgat-expressing interneurons from dorsal and ventral hippocampus. In a separate group of mice, the same population was targeted for transient neuronal silencing with DREADDs. Interneuron ablation produced dramatic seizure clusters and persistent epileptiform activity. Surprisingly, after 1 week seizure activity declined precipitously and persistent epileptiform activity disappeared. Occasional seizures (≈1/day) persisted to the end of the experiment at 4 weeks. In contrast to the dramatic impact of interneuron ablation, transient silencing produced large numbers of interictal spikes, a significant but modest increase in seizure occurrence and changes in EEG frequency band power. Taken together, findings suggest that the hippocampus regains relative homeostasis-with occasional breakthrough seizures-in the face of an extensive and abrupt loss of interneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Dusing
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Candi L LaSarge
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Austin W Drake
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Grace C Westerkamp
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Carlie McCoy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Shelby M Hetzer
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Kimberly L Kraus
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Ernest V Pedapati
- Division of Child Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Churchland MM, Shenoy KV. Preparatory activity and the expansive null-space. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:213-236. [PMID: 38443626 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00796-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The study of the cortical control of movement experienced a conceptual shift over recent decades, as the basic currency of understanding shifted from single-neuron tuning towards population-level factors and their dynamics. This transition was informed by a maturing understanding of recurrent networks, where mechanism is often characterized in terms of population-level factors. By estimating factors from data, experimenters could test network-inspired hypotheses. Central to such hypotheses are 'output-null' factors that do not directly drive motor outputs yet are essential to the overall computation. In this Review, we highlight how the hypothesis of output-null factors was motivated by the venerable observation that motor-cortex neurons are active during movement preparation, well before movement begins. We discuss how output-null factors then became similarly central to understanding neural activity during movement. We discuss how this conceptual framework provided key analysis tools, making it possible for experimenters to address long-standing questions regarding motor control. We highlight an intriguing trend: as experimental and theoretical discoveries accumulate, the range of computational roles hypothesized to be subserved by output-null factors continues to expand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Churchland
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Grossman Center for the Statistics of Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Krishna V Shenoy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Bio-X Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rybak IA, Shevtsova NA, Markin SN, Prilutsky BI, Frigon A. Operation regimes of spinal circuits controlling locomotion and role of supraspinal drives and sensory feedback. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.21.586122. [PMID: 38585778 PMCID: PMC10996463 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.21.586122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Locomotion in mammals is directly controlled by the spinal neuronal network, operating under the control of supraspinal signals and somatosensory feedback that interact with each other. However, the functional architecture of the spinal locomotor network, its operation regimes, and the role of supraspinal and sensory feedback in different locomotor behaviors, including at different speeds, remain unclear. We developed a computational model of spinal locomotor circuits receiving supraspinal drives and limb sensory feedback that could reproduce multiple experimental data obtained in intact and spinal-transected cats during tied-belt and split-belt treadmill locomotion. We provide evidence that the spinal locomotor network operates in different regimes depending on locomotor speed. In an intact system, at slow speeds (< 0.4 m/s), the spinal network operates in a non-oscillating state-machine regime and requires sensory feedback or external inputs for phase transitions. Removing sensory feedback related to limb extension prevents locomotor oscillations at slow speeds. With increasing speed and supraspinal drives, the spinal network switches to a flexor-driven oscillatory regime and then to a classical half-center regime. Following spinal transection, the spinal network can only operate in the state-machine regime. Our results suggest that the spinal network operates in different regimes for slow exploratory and fast escape locomotor behaviors, making use of different control mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Rybak
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA
| | - Natalia A. Shevtsova
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA
| | - Sergey N. Markin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA
| | - Boris I. Prilutsky
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Alain Frigon
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kubota S, Sasaki C, Kikuta S, Yoshida J, Ito S, Gomi H, Oya T, Seki K. Modulation of somatosensory signal transmission in the primate cuneate nucleus during voluntary hand movement. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113884. [PMID: 38458194 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Primate hands house an array of mechanoreceptors and proprioceptors, which are essential for tactile and kinematic information crucial for daily motor action. While the regulation of these somatosensory signals is essential for hand movements, the specific central nervous system (CNS) location and mechanism remain unclear. Our study demonstrates the attenuation of somatosensory signals in the cuneate nucleus during voluntary movement, suggesting significant modulation at this initial relay station in the CNS. The attenuation is comparable to the cerebral cortex but more pronounced than in the spinal cord, indicating the cuneate nuclei's role in somatosensory perception modulation during movement. Moreover, our findings suggest that the descending motor tract may regulate somatosensory transmission in the cuneate nucleus, enhancing relevant signals and suppressing unnecessary ones for the regulation of movement. This process of recurrent somatosensory modulation between cortical and subcortical areas could be a basic mechanism for modulating somatosensory signals to achieve active perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kubota
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Chika Sasaki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Satomi Kikuta
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yoshida
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Gomi
- NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Co., Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Oya
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang F, Zhu Z, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Liang C, Chen J, Liu B, Ren H, Yang X. MRI brain structural and functional networks changes in Parkinson disease with REM sleep behavior disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1364727. [PMID: 38560024 PMCID: PMC10978796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1364727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is common in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). In spite of that, the precise mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of RBD among PD remains unclear. Objective The aim of the present study was to analyze gray matter volumes (GMVs) as well as the changes of functional connectivity (FC) among PD patients with RBD (PD-RBD) by employing a combination of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and FC methods. Methods A total of 65 PD patients and 21 healthy control (HC) subjects were included in this study. VBM analyses were performed on all subjects. Subsequently, regions with significant different GMVs between PD patients with and without RBD (PD-nRBD) were selected for further analysis of FC. Correlations between altered GMVs and FC values with RBD scores were also investigated. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed for the evaluation of the predictive value of GMVs and FC in identifying RBD in PD. Results PD-RBD patients exhibited lower GMVs in the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) and bilateral cuneus. Furthermore, we observed higher FC between the left MTG and the right postcentral gyrus (PoCG), as well as lower FC between the bilateral cuneus (CUN) and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG) among PD-RBD patients in contrast with PD-nRBD patients. Moreover, the GMVs of MTG (extending to the right PoCG) was positively correlated with RBD severity [as measured by REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) score]. Conversely, the FC value between the bilateral CUN and the right MTG in PD-RBD patients was negatively correlated with RBDSQ score. Conclusion This study revealed the presence replace with GMV and FC changes among PD-RBD patients, which were closely linked to the severity of RBD symptoms. Furthermore, the combination of basic clinical characteristics, GMVs and FC values effectively predicted RBD for individuals with PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chuanbin Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyun Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yangfan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chunyu Liang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jieyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinglong Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dolfini E, Cardellicchio P, Fadiga L, D'Ausilio A. The role of dorsal premotor cortex in joint action inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4675. [PMID: 38409309 PMCID: PMC10897189 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Behavioral interpersonal coordination requires smooth negotiation of actions in time and space (joint action-JA). Inhibitory control may play a role in fine-tuning appropriate coordinative responses. To date, little research has been conducted on motor inhibition during JA and on the modulatory influence that premotor areas might exert on inhibitory control. Here, we used an interactive task in which subjects were required to reach and open a bottle using one hand. The bottle was held and stabilized by a co-actor (JA) or by a mechanical holder (vice clamp, no-JA). We recorded two TMS-based indices of inhibition (short-interval intracortical inhibition-sICI; cortical silent period-cSP) during the reaching phase of the task. These reflect fast intracortical (GABAa-mediated) and slow corticospinal (GABAb-mediated) inhibition. Offline continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) was used to interfere with dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), ventral premotor cortex (PMv), and control site (vertex) before the execution of the task. Our results confirm a dissociation between fast and slow inhibition during JA coordination and provide evidence that premotor areas drive only slow inhibitory mechanisms, which in turn may reflect behavioral co-adaptation between trials. Exploratory analyses further suggest that PMd, more than PMv, is the key source of modulatory drive sculpting movements, according to the socio-interactive context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Dolfini
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Cardellicchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro D'Ausilio
- IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Section of Physiology, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva-Batista C, Lira J, Coelho DB, de Lima-Pardini AC, Nucci MP, Mattos ECT, Magalhaes FH, Barbosa ER, Teixeira LA, Amaro Junior E, Ugrinowitsch C, Horak FB. Mesencephalic Locomotor Region and Presynaptic Inhibition during Anticipatory Postural Adjustments in People with Parkinson's Disease. Brain Sci 2024; 14:178. [PMID: 38391752 PMCID: PMC10887111 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and freezing of gait (FOG) have a loss of presynaptic inhibition (PSI) during anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) for step initiation. The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) has connections to the reticulospinal tract that mediates inhibitory interneurons responsible for modulating PSI and APAs. Here, we hypothesized that MLR activity during step initiation would explain the loss of PSI during APAs for step initiation in FOG (freezers). Freezers (n = 34) were assessed in the ON-medication state. We assessed the beta of blood oxygenation level-dependent signal change of areas known to initiate and pace gait (e.g., MLR) during a functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol of an APA task. In addition, we assessed the PSI of the soleus muscle during APA for step initiation, and clinical (e.g., disease duration) and behavioral (e.g., FOG severity and APA amplitude for step initiation) variables. A linear multiple regression model showed that MLR activity (R2 = 0.32, p = 0.0006) and APA amplitude (R2 = 0.13, p = 0.0097) explained together 45% of the loss of PSI during step initiation in freezers. Decreased MLR activity during a simulated APA task is related to a higher loss of PSI during APA for step initiation. Deficits in central and spinal inhibitions during APA may be related to FOG pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jumes Lira
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 03828-000, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo 09210-170, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Egberto Reis Barbosa
- Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-070, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Teixeira
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Edson Amaro Junior
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
| | - Fay B Horak
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Donati E, Valle G. Neuromorphic hardware for somatosensory neuroprostheses. Nat Commun 2024; 15:556. [PMID: 38228580 PMCID: PMC10791662 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In individuals with sensory-motor impairments, missing limb functions can be restored using neuroprosthetic devices that directly interface with the nervous system. However, restoring the natural tactile experience through electrical neural stimulation requires complex encoding strategies. Indeed, they are presently limited in effectively conveying or restoring tactile sensations by bandwidth constraints. Neuromorphic technology, which mimics the natural behavior of neurons and synapses, holds promise for replicating the encoding of natural touch, potentially informing neurostimulation design. In this perspective, we propose that incorporating neuromorphic technologies into neuroprostheses could be an effective approach for developing more natural human-machine interfaces, potentially leading to advancements in device performance, acceptability, and embeddability. We also highlight ongoing challenges and the required actions to facilitate the future integration of these advanced technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Donati
- Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giacomo Valle
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bruel A, Abadía I, Collin T, Sakr I, Lorach H, Luque NR, Ros E, Ijspeert A. The spinal cord facilitates cerebellar upper limb motor learning and control; inputs from neuromusculoskeletal simulation. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011008. [PMID: 38166093 PMCID: PMC10786408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between brain regions and the spinal cord (SC) govern body motion, which is ultimately driven by muscle activation. Motor planning or learning are mainly conducted at higher brain regions, whilst the SC acts as a brain-muscle gateway and as a motor control centre providing fast reflexes and muscle activity regulation. Thus, higher brain areas need to cope with the SC as an inherent and evolutionary older part of the body dynamics. Here, we address the question of how SC dynamics affects motor learning within the cerebellum; in particular, does the SC facilitate cerebellar motor learning or constitute a biological constraint? We provide an exploratory framework by integrating biologically plausible cerebellar and SC computational models in a musculoskeletal upper limb control loop. The cerebellar model, equipped with the main form of cerebellar plasticity, provides motor adaptation; whilst the SC model implements stretch reflex and reciprocal inhibition between antagonist muscles. The resulting spino-cerebellar model is tested performing a set of upper limb motor tasks, including external perturbation studies. A cerebellar model, lacking the implemented SC model and directly controlling the simulated muscles, was also tested in the same. The performances of the spino-cerebellar and cerebellar models were then compared, thus allowing directly addressing the SC influence on cerebellar motor adaptation and learning, and on handling external motor perturbations. Performance was assessed in both joint and muscle space, and compared with kinematic and EMG recordings from healthy participants. The differences in cerebellar synaptic adaptation between both models were also studied. We conclude that the SC facilitates cerebellar motor learning; when the SC circuits are in the loop, faster convergence in motor learning is achieved with simpler cerebellar synaptic weight distributions. The SC is also found to improve robustness against external perturbations, by better reproducing and modulating muscle cocontraction patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Bruel
- Biorobotics Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Abadía
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies, Department of Computer Engineering, Automation and Robotics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Icare Sakr
- NeuroRestore, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Niceto R. Luque
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies, Department of Computer Engineering, Automation and Robotics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Eduardo Ros
- Research Centre for Information and Communication Technologies, Department of Computer Engineering, Automation and Robotics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mahrous AA, Liang L, Balaguer JM, Ho JC, Hari K, Grigsby EM, Karapetyan V, Damiani A, Fields DP, Gonzalez-Martinez JA, Gerszten PC, Bennett DJ, Heckman CJ, Pirondini E, Capogrosso M. GABA Increases Sensory Transmission In Monkeys. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.28.573467. [PMID: 38234767 PMCID: PMC10793394 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.28.573467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Sensory input flow is central to voluntary movements. For almost a century, GABA was believed to modulate this flow by inhibiting sensory axons in the spinal cord to sculpt neural inputs into skilled motor output. Instead, here we show that GABA can also facilitate sensory transmission in monkeys and consequently increase spinal and cortical neural responses to sensory inputs challenging our understanding of generation and perception of movement.
Collapse
|
15
|
Carmona LM, Thomas ET, Smith K, Tasic B, Costa RM, Nelson A. Topographical and cell type-specific connectivity of rostral and caudal forelimb corticospinal neuron populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.17.567623. [PMID: 38014164 PMCID: PMC10680840 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.17.567623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Corticospinal neurons (CSNs) synapse directly on spinal neurons, a diverse group of neurons with unique structural and functional properties necessary for body movements. CSNs modulating forelimb behavior fractionate into caudal forelimb area (CFA) and rostral forelimb area (RFA) motor cortical populations. Despite their prominence, no studies have mapped the diversity of spinal cell types targeted by CSNs, let alone compare CFA and RFA populations. Here we use anatomical and RNA-sequencing methods to show that CSNs synapse onto a remarkably selective group of spinal cell types, favoring inhibitory populations that regulate motoneuron activity and gate sensory feedback. CFA and RFA CSNs target similar spinal cell types, with notable exceptions that suggest these populations differ in how they influence behavior. Finally, axon collaterals of CFA and RFA CSNs target similar brain regions yet receive surprisingly divergent inputs. These results detail the rules of CSN connectivity throughout the brain and spinal cord for two regions critical for forelimb behavior.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng X, Liu Z, He Z, Xu J, Wang Y, Gong C, Zhang R, Zhang SC, Chen H, Wang W. Preclinical long-term safety of intraspinal transplantation of human dorsal spinal GABA neural progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:108306. [PMID: 38026209 PMCID: PMC10661464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neurons have shown promise in treating spinal cord injury (SCI). We previously showed that hPSC-derived dorsal spinal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons can alleviate spasticity and promote locomotion in rats with SCI, but their long-term safety remains elusive. Here, we characterized the long-term fate and safety of human dorsal spinal GABA neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in naive rats over one year. All grafted NPCs had undergone differentiation, yielding mainly neurons and astrocytes. Fully mature human neurons grew many axons and formed numerous synapses with rat neural circuits, together with mature human astrocytes that structurally integrated into the rat spinal cord. The sensorimotor function of rats was not impaired by intraspinal transplantation, even when human neurons were activated or inhibited by designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs). These findings represent a significant step toward the clinical translation of human spinal neuron transplantation for treating SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhixian Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ziyu He
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - YaNan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - ChenZi Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruoying Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Su-Chun Zhang
- Waisman Center, Department of Neuroscience and Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Program in Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, the School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tomatsu S, Kim G, Kubota S, Seki K. Presynaptic gating of monkey proprioceptive signals for proper motor action. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6537. [PMID: 37880215 PMCID: PMC10600222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42077-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our rich behavioural repertoire is supported by complicated synaptic connectivity in the central nervous system, which must be modulated to prevent behavioural control from being overwhelmed. For this modulation, presynaptic inhibition is an efficient mechanism because it can gate specific synaptic input without interfering with main circuit operations. Previously, we reported the task-dependent presynaptic inhibition of the cutaneous afferent input to the spinal cord in behaving monkeys. Here, we report presynaptic inhibition of the proprioceptive afferent input. We found that the input from shortened muscles is transiently facilitated, whereas that from lengthened muscles is persistently reduced. This presynaptic inhibition could be generated by cortical signals because it started before movement onset, and its size was correlated with the performance of stable motor output. Our findings demonstrate that presynaptic inhibition acts as a dynamic filter of proprioceptive signals, enabling the integration of task-relevant signals into spinal circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeka Tomatsu
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - GeeHee Kim
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Kubota
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Seki
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan.
- Division of Behavioral Development, Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin S, Hari K, Black S, Khatmi A, Fouad K, Gorassini MA, Li Y, Lucas-Osma AM, Fenrich KK, Bennett DJ. Locomotor-related propriospinal V3 neurons produce primary afferent depolarization and modulate sensory transmission to motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:799-823. [PMID: 37609680 PMCID: PMC10650670 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00482.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
When a muscle is stretched, sensory feedback not only causes reflexes but also leads to a depolarization of sensory afferents throughout the spinal cord (primary afferent depolarization, PAD), readying the whole limb for further disturbances. This sensory-evoked PAD is thought to be mediated by a trisynaptic circuit, where sensory input activates first-order excitatory neurons that activate GABAergic neurons that in turn activate GABAA receptors on afferents to cause PAD, though the identity of these first-order neurons is unclear. Here, we show that these first-order neurons include propriospinal V3 neurons, as they receive extensive sensory input and in turn innervate GABAergic neurons that cause PAD, because optogenetic activation or inhibition of V3 neurons in mice mimics or inhibits sensory-evoked PAD, respectively. Furthermore, persistent inward sodium currents intrinsic to V3 neurons prolong their activity, explaining the prolonged duration of PAD. Also, local optogenetic activation of V3 neurons at one segment causes PAD in other segments, due to the long propriospinal tracts of these neurons, helping to explain the radiating nature of PAD. This in turn facilitates monosynaptic reflex transmission to motoneurons across the spinal cord. In addition, V3 neurons directly innervate proprioceptive afferents (including Ia), causing a glutamate receptor-mediated PAD (glutamate PAD). Finally, increasing the spinal cord excitability with either GABAA receptor blockers or chronic spinal cord injury causes an increase in the glutamate PAD. Overall, we show the V3 neuron has a prominent role in modulating sensory transmission, in addition to its previously described role in locomotion.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Locomotor-related propriospinal neurons depolarize sensory axons throughout the spinal cord by either direct glutamatergic axoaxonic contacts or indirect innervation of GABAergic neurons that themselves form axoaxonic contacts on sensory axons. This depolarization (PAD) increases sensory transmission to motoneurons throughout the spinal cord, readying the sensorimotor system for external disturbances. The glutamate-mediated PAD is particularly adaptable, increasing with either an acute block of GABA receptors or chronic spinal cord injury, suggesting a role in motor recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Lin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Krishnapriya Hari
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sophie Black
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aysan Khatmi
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monica A Gorassini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yaqing Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ana M Lucas-Osma
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David J Bennett
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Greaney MR, Wreden CC, Heckscher ES. Distinctive features of the central synaptic organization of Drosophila larval proprioceptors. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1223334. [PMID: 37564629 PMCID: PMC10410283 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1223334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proprioceptive feedback is critically needed for locomotor control, but how this information is incorporated into central proprioceptive processing circuits remains poorly understood. Circuit organization emerges from the spatial distribution of synaptic connections between neurons. This distribution is difficult to discern in model systems where only a few cells can be probed simultaneously. Therefore, we turned to a relatively simple and accessible nervous system to ask: how are proprioceptors' input and output synapses organized in space, and what principles underlie this organization? Using the Drosophila larval connectome, we generated a map of the input and output synapses of 34 proprioceptors in several adjacent body segments (5-6 left-right pairs per segment). We characterized the spatial organization of these synapses, and compared this organization to that of other somatosensory neurons' synapses. We found three distinguishing features of larval proprioceptor synapses: (1) Generally, individual proprioceptor types display segmental somatotopy. (2) Proprioceptor output synapses both converge and diverge in space; they are organized into six spatial domains, each containing a unique set of one or more proprioceptors. Proprioceptors form output synapses along the proximal axonal entry pathway into the neuropil. (3) Proprioceptors receive few inhibitory input synapses. Further, we find that these three features do not apply to other larval somatosensory neurons. Thus, we have generated the most comprehensive map to date of how proprioceptor synapses are centrally organized. This map documents previously undescribed features of proprioceptors, raises questions about underlying developmental mechanisms, and has implications for downstream proprioceptive processing circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie R. Greaney
- Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chris C. Wreden
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ellie S. Heckscher
- Committee on Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Elbaz MA, Demers M, Kleinfeld D, Ethier C, Deschênes M. Interchangeable Role of Motor Cortex and Reafference for the Stable Execution of an Orofacial Action. J Neurosci 2023; 43:5521-5536. [PMID: 37400255 PMCID: PMC10376937 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2089-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals interact with their environment through mechanically active, mobile sensors. The efficient use of these sensory organs implies the ability to track their position; otherwise, perceptual stability or prehension would be profoundly impeded. The nervous system may keep track of the position of a sensorimotor organ via two complementary feedback mechanisms-peripheral reafference (external, sensory feedback) and efference copy (internal feedback). Yet, the potential contributions of these mechanisms remain largely unexplored. By training male rats to place one of their vibrissae within a predetermined angular range without contact, a task that depends on knowledge of vibrissa position relative to their face, we found that peripheral reafference is not required. The presence of motor cortex is not required either, except in the absence of peripheral reafference to maintain motor stability. Finally, the red nucleus, which receives descending inputs from motor cortex and cerebellum and projects to facial motoneurons, is critically involved in the execution of the vibrissa positioning task. All told, our results point toward the existence of an internal model that requires either peripheral reafference or motor cortex to optimally drive voluntary motion.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How does an animal know where a mechanically active, mobile sensor lies relative to its body? We address this basic question in sensorimotor integration using the motion of the vibrissae in rats. We show that rats can learn to reliably position their vibrissae in the absence of sensory feedback or in the absence of motor cortex. Yet, when both sensory feedback and motor cortex are absent, motor precision is degraded. This suggests the existence of an internal model able to operate in closed- and open-loop modes, requiring either motor cortex or sensory feedback to maintain motor stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaël A Elbaz
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Maxime Demers
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Departments of Physics
- Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Christian Ethier
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Martin Deschênes
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Québec G1J 2G3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davis OC, Dickie AC, Mustapa MB, Boyle KA, Browne TJ, Gradwell MA, Smith KM, Polgár E, Bell AM, Kókai É, Watanabe M, Wildner H, Zeilhofer HU, Ginty DD, Callister RJ, Graham BA, Todd AJ, Hughes DI. Calretinin-expressing islet cells are a source of pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of non-peptidergic nociceptor input to the mouse spinal cord. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11561. [PMID: 37464016 PMCID: PMC10354228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Unmyelinated non-peptidergic nociceptors (NP afferents) arborise in lamina II of the spinal cord and receive GABAergic axoaxonic synapses, which mediate presynaptic inhibition. However, until now the source of this axoaxonic synaptic input was not known. Here we provide evidence that it originates from a population of inhibitory calretinin-expressing interneurons (iCRs), which correspond to lamina II islet cells. The NP afferents can be assigned to 3 functionally distinct classes (NP1-3). NP1 afferents have been implicated in pathological pain states, while NP2 and NP3 afferents also function as pruritoceptors. Our findings suggest that all 3 of these afferent types innervate iCRs and receive axoaxonic synapses from them, providing feedback inhibition of NP input. The iCRs also form axodendritic synapses, and their targets include cells that are themselves innervated by the NP afferents, thus allowing for feedforward inhibition. The iCRs are therefore ideally placed to control the input from non-peptidergic nociceptors and pruritoceptors to other dorsal horn neurons, and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain and itch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C Davis
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Allen C Dickie
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marami B Mustapa
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kieran A Boyle
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tyler J Browne
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Gradwell
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly M Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Polgár
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M Bell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Éva Kókai
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hendrik Wildner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David D Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Robert J Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett A Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Todd
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - David I Hughes
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sutter C, Moinon A, Felicetti L, Massi F, Blouin J, Mouchnino L. Cortical facilitation of tactile afferents during the preparation of a body weight transfer when standing on a biomimetic surface. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1175667. [PMID: 37404946 PMCID: PMC10315651 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1175667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-generated movement shapes tactile perception, but few studies have investigated the brain mechanisms involved in the processing of the mechanical signals related to the static and transient skin deformations generated by forces and pressures exerted between the foot skin and the standing surface. We recently found that standing on a biomimetic surface (i.e., inspired by the characteristics of mechanoreceptors and skin dermatoglyphics), that magnified skin-surface interaction, increased the sensory flow to the somatosensory cortex and improved balance control compared to standing on control (e.g., smooth) surfaces. In this study, we tested whether the well-known sensory suppression that occurs during movements is alleviated when the tactile afferent signal becomes relevant with the use of a biomimetic surface. Eyes-closed participants (n = 25) self-stimulated their foot cutaneous receptors by shifting their body weight toward one of their legs while standing on either a biomimetic or a control (smooth) surface. In a control task, similar forces were exerted on the surfaces (i.e., similar skin-surface interaction) by passive translations of the surfaces. Sensory gating was assessed by measuring the amplitude of the somatosensory-evoked potential over the vertex (SEP, recorded by EEG). Significantly larger and shorter SEPs were found when participants stood on the biomimetic surface. This was observed whether the forces exerted on the surface were self-generated or passively generated. Contrary to our prediction, we found that the sensory attenuation related to the self-generated movement did not significantly differ between the biomimetic and control surfaces. However, we observed an increase in gamma activity (30-50 Hz) over centroparietal regions during the preparation phase of the weight shift only when participants stood on the biomimetic surface. This result might suggest that gamma-band oscillations play an important functional role in processing behaviorally relevant stimuli during the early stages of body weight transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Sutter
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Alix Moinon
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Livia Felicetti
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- LAMCOS, INSA Lyon, CNRS, UMR5259, Université Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Francesco Massi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Davis OC, Dickie AC, Mustapa MB, Boyle KA, Browne TJ, Gradwell MA, Smith KM, Polgár E, Bell AM, Kókai É, Watanabe M, Wildner H, Zeilhofer HU, Ginty DD, Callister RJ, Graham BA, Todd AJ, Hughes DI. Calretinin-expressing islet cells: a source of pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of non-peptidergic nociceptor input to the mouse spinal cord. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.01.543241. [PMID: 37333120 PMCID: PMC10274676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.01.543241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Unmyelinated non-peptidergic nociceptors (NP afferents) arborise in lamina II of the spinal cord and receive GABAergic axoaxonic synapses, which mediate presynaptic inhibition. However, until now the source of this axoaxonic synaptic input was not known. Here we provide evidence that it originates from a population of inhibitory calretinin-expressing interneurons (iCRs), which correspond to lamina II islet cells. The NP afferents can be assigned to 3 functionally distinct classes (NP1-3). NP1 afferents have been implicated in pathological pain states, while NP2 and NP3 afferents also function as pruritoceptors. Our findings suggest that all 3 of these afferent types innervate iCRs and receive axoaxonic synapses from them, providing feedback inhibition of NP input. The iCRs also form axodendritic synapses, and their targets include cells that are themselves innervated by the NP afferents, thus allowing for feedforward inhibition. The iCRs are therefore ideally placed to control the input from non-peptidergic nociceptors and pruritoceptors to other dorsal horn neurons, and thus represent a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic pain and itch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivia C. Davis
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Allen C. Dickie
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Marami B. Mustapa
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kieran A. Boyle
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Tyler J. Browne
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A. Gradwell
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kelly M. Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Erika Polgár
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andrew M. Bell
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Éva Kókai
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Anatomy, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hendrik Wildner
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David D. Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robert J. Callister
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Brett A. Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Todd
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - David I. Hughes
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Sir James Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Metz K, Matos IC, Hari K, Bseis O, Afsharipour B, Lin S, Singla R, Fenrich KK, Li Y, Bennett DJ, Gorassini MA. Post-activation depression from primary afferent depolarization (PAD) produces extensor H-reflex suppression following flexor afferent conditioning. J Physiol 2023; 601:1925-1956. [PMID: 36928599 PMCID: PMC11064783 DOI: 10.1113/jp283706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppression of the extensor H-reflex by flexor afferent conditioning is thought to be produced by a long-lasting inhibition of extensor Ia afferent terminals via GABAA receptor-activated primary afferent depolarization (PAD). Given the recent finding that PAD does not produce presynaptic inhibition of Ia afferent terminals, we examined in 28 participants if H-reflex suppression is instead mediated by post-activation depression of the extensor Ia afferents triggered by PAD-evoked spikes and/or by a long-lasting inhibition of the extensor motoneurons. A brief conditioning vibration of the flexor tendon suppressed both the extensor soleus H-reflex and the tonic discharge of soleus motor units out to 150 ms following the vibration, suggesting that part of the H-reflex suppression during this period was mediated by postsynaptic inhibition of the extensor motoneurons. When activating the flexor afferents electrically to produce conditioning, the soleus H-reflex was also suppressed but only when a short-latency reflex was evoked in the soleus muscle by the conditioning input itself. In mice, a similar short-latency reflex was evoked when optogenetic or afferent activation of GABAergic (GAD2+ ) neurons produced a large enough PAD to evoke orthodromic spikes in the test Ia afferents, causing post-activation depression of subsequent monosynaptic EPSPs. The long duration of this post-activation depression and related H-reflex suppression (seconds) was similar to rate-dependent depression that is also due to post-activation depression. We conclude that extensor H-reflex inhibition by brief flexor afferent conditioning is produced by both post-activation depression of extensor Ia afferents and long-lasting inhibition of extensor motoneurons, rather than from PAD inhibiting Ia afferent terminals. KEY POINTS: Suppression of extensor H-reflexes by flexor afferent conditioning was thought to be mediated by GABAA receptor-mediated primary afferent depolarization (PAD) shunting action potentials in the Ia afferent terminal. In line with recent findings that PAD has a facilitatory role in Ia afferent conduction, we show here that when large enough, PAD can evoke orthodromic spikes that travel to the Ia afferent terminal to evoke EPSPs in the motoneuron. These PAD-evoked spikes also produce post-activation depression of Ia afferent terminals and may mediate the short- and long-lasting suppression of extensor H-reflexes in response to flexor afferent conditioning. Our findings highlight that we must re-examine how changes in the activation of GABAergic interneurons and PAD following nervous system injury or disease affects the regulation of Ia afferent transmission to spinal neurons and ultimately motor dysfunction in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista Metz
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Isabel Concha Matos
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Krishnapriya Hari
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Omayma Bseis
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Babak Afsharipour
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shihao Lin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Rahul Singla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yaqing Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David J Bennett
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Monica A Gorassini
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Metz K, Matos IC, Li Y, Afsharipour B, Thompson CK, Negro F, Quinlan KA, Bennett DJ, Gorassini MA. Facilitation of sensory transmission to motoneurons during cortical or sensory-evoked primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in humans. J Physiol 2023; 601:1897-1924. [PMID: 36916205 PMCID: PMC11037101 DOI: 10.1113/jp284275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory and corticospinal tract (CST) pathways activate spinal GABAergic interneurons that have axoaxonic connections onto proprioceptive (Ia) afferents that cause long-lasting depolarizations (termed primary afferent depolarization, PAD). In rodents, sensory-evoked PAD is produced by GABAA receptors at nodes of Ranvier in Ia afferents, rather than at presynaptic terminals, and facilitates spike propagation to motoneurons by preventing branch-point failures, rather than causing presynaptic inhibition. We examined in 40 human participants whether putative activation of Ia-PAD by sensory or CST pathways can also facilitate Ia afferent activation of motoneurons via the H-reflex. H-reflexes in several leg muscles were facilitated by prior conditioning from low-threshold proprioceptive, cutaneous or CST pathways, with a similar long-lasting time course (∼200 ms) to phasic PAD measured in rodent Ia afferents. Long trains of cutaneous or proprioceptive afferent conditioning produced longer-lasting facilitation of the H-reflex for up to 2 min, consistent with tonic PAD in rodent Ia afferents mediated by nodal α5-GABAA receptors for similar stimulation trains. Facilitation of H-reflexes by this conditioning was likely not mediated by direct facilitation of the motoneurons because isolated stimulation of sensory or CST pathways did not alone facilitate the tonic firing rate of motor units. Furthermore, cutaneous conditioning increased the firing probability of single motor units (motoneurons) during the H-reflex without increasing their firing rate at this time, indicating that the underlying excitatory postsynaptic potential was more probable, but not larger. These results are consistent with sensory and CST pathways activating nodal GABAA receptors that reduce intermittent failure of action potentials propagating into Ia afferent branches. KEY POINTS: Controlled execution of posture and movement requires continually adjusted feedback from peripheral sensory pathways, especially those that carry proprioceptive information about body position, movement and effort. It was previously thought that the flow of proprioceptive feedback from Ia afferents was only reduced by GABAergic neurons in the spinal cord that sent axoaxonic projections to the terminal endings of sensory axons (termed GABAaxo neurons). Based on new findings in rodents, we provide complementary evidence in humans to suggest that sensory and corticospinal pathways known to activate GABAaxo neurons that project to dorsal parts of the Ia afferent also increase the flow of proprioceptive feedback to motoneurons in the spinal cord. These findings support a new role for spinal GABAaxo neurons in facilitating afferent feedback to the spinal cord during voluntary or reflexive movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krista Metz
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Isabel Concha Matos
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Yaqing Li
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Babak Afsharipour
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Francesco Negro
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Universita degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katharina A Quinlan
- George and Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, USA
| | - David J Bennett
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Monica A Gorassini
- Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilson AC, Sweeney LB. Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1146449. [PMID: 37180760 PMCID: PMC10169611 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate movement is orchestrated by spinal inter- and motor neurons that, together with sensory and cognitive input, produce dynamic motor behaviors. These behaviors vary from the simple undulatory swimming of fish and larval aquatic species to the highly coordinated running, reaching and grasping of mice, humans and other mammals. This variation raises the fundamental question of how spinal circuits have changed in register with motor behavior. In simple, undulatory fish, exemplified by the lamprey, two broad classes of interneurons shape motor neuron output: ipsilateral-projecting excitatory neurons, and commissural-projecting inhibitory neurons. An additional class of ipsilateral inhibitory neurons is required to generate escape swim behavior in larval zebrafish and tadpoles. In limbed vertebrates, a more complex spinal neuron composition is observed. In this review, we provide evidence that movement elaboration correlates with an increase and specialization of these three basic interneuron types into molecularly, anatomically, and functionally distinct subpopulations. We summarize recent work linking neuron types to movement-pattern generation across fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lora B. Sweeney
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fogarty MJ. Inhibitory Synaptic Influences on Developmental Motor Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086962. [PMID: 37108127 PMCID: PMC10138861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, GABA and glycine play major trophic and synaptic roles in the establishment of the neuromotor system. In this review, we summarise the formation, function and maturation of GABAergic and glycinergic synapses within neuromotor circuits during development. We take special care to discuss the differences in limb and respiratory neuromotor control. We then investigate the influences that GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission has on two major developmental neuromotor disorders: Rett syndrome and spastic cerebral palsy. We present these two syndromes in order to contrast the approaches to disease mechanism and therapy. While both conditions have motor dysfunctions at their core, one condition Rett syndrome, despite having myriad symptoms, has scientists focused on the breathing abnormalities and their alleviation-to great clinical advances. By contrast, cerebral palsy remains a scientific quagmire or poor definitions, no widely adopted model and a lack of therapeutic focus. We conclude that the sheer abundance of diversity of inhibitory neurotransmitter targets should provide hope for intractable conditions, particularly those that exhibit broad spectra of dysfunction-such as spastic cerebral palsy and Rett syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Fogarty
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miranda CO, Hegedüs K, Kis G, Antal M. Synaptic Targets of Glycinergic Neurons in Laminae I-III of the Spinal Dorsal Horn. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086943. [PMID: 37108107 PMCID: PMC10139066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A great deal of evidence supports the inevitable importance of spinal glycinergic inhibition in the development of chronic pain conditions. However, it remains unclear how glycinergic neurons contribute to the formation of spinal neural circuits underlying pain-related information processing. Thus, we intended to explore the synaptic targets of spinal glycinergic neurons in the pain processing region (laminae I-III) of the spinal dorsal horn by combining transgenic technology with immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization accompanied by light and electron microscopy. First, our results suggest that, in addition to neurons in laminae I-III, glycinergic neurons with cell bodies in lamina IV may contribute substantially to spinal pain processing. On the one hand, we show that glycine transporter 2 immunostained glycinergic axon terminals target almost all types of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons identified by their neuronal markers in laminae I-III. Thus, glycinergic postsynaptic inhibition, including glycinergic inhibition of inhibitory interneurons, must be a common functional mechanism of spinal pain processing. On the other hand, our results demonstrate that glycine transporter 2 containing axon terminals target only specific subsets of axon terminals in laminae I-III, including nonpeptidergic nociceptive C fibers binding IB4 and nonnociceptive myelinated A fibers immunoreactive for type 1 vesicular glutamate transporter, indicating that glycinergic presynaptic inhibition may be important for targeting functionally specific subpopulations of primary afferent inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Oliveira Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Hegedüs
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bertoli M, Tataranni A, Porziani S, Pasqualetti P, Gianni E, Grifoni J, L’Abbate T, Armonaite K, Conti L, Cancelli A, Cottone C, Marinozzi F, Bini F, Cecconi F, Tecchio F. Effects on Corticospinal Tract Homology of Faremus Personalized Neuromodulation Relieving Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040574. [PMID: 37190539 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis (MS) is a frequent and invalidating symptom, which can be relieved by non-invasive neuromodulation, which presents only negligible side effects. A 5-day transcranial direct-current stimulation, 15 min per day, anodically targeting the somatosensory representation of the whole body against a larger occipital cathode was efficacious against MS fatigue (fatigue relief in multiple sclerosis, Faremus treatment). The present proof-of-concept study tested the working hypothesis that Faremus S1 neuromodulation modifies the homology of the dominant and non-dominant corticospinal (CST) circuit recruitment. Methods: CST homology was assessed via the Fréchet distance between the morphologies of motor potentials (MEPs) evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the homologous left- and right-hand muscles of 10 fatigued MS patients before and after Faremus. Results: In the absence of any change in MEP features either as differences between the two body sides or as an effect of the treatment, Faremus changed in physiological direction the CST’s homology. Faremus effects on homology were more evident than recruitment changes within the dominant and non-dominant sides. Conclusions: The Faremus-related CST changes extend the relevance of the balance between hemispheric homologs to the homology between body sides. With this work, we contribute to the development of new network-sensitive measures that can provide new insights into the mechanisms of neuronal functional patterning underlying relevant symptoms.
Collapse
|
30
|
Armonaite K, Nobili L, Paulon L, Balsi M, Conti L, Tecchio F. Local neurodynamics as a signature of cortical areas: new insights from sleep. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3284-3292. [PMID: 35858209 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep crucial for the animal survival is accompanied by huge changes in neuronal electrical activity over time, the neurodynamics. Here, drawing on intracranial stereo-electroencephalographic (sEEG) recordings from the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), we analyzed local neurodynamics in the waking state at rest and during the N2, N3, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD)-a measure of signal complexity-was studied as a feature of the local neurodynamics of the primary motor (M1), somatosensory (S1), and auditory (A1) cortices. The key working hypothesis, that the relationships between local neurodynamics preserve in all sleep phases despite the neurodynamics complexity reduces in sleep compared with wakefulness, was supported by the results. In fact, while HFD awake > REM > N2 > N3 (P < 0.001 consistently), HFD in M1 > S1 > A1 in awake and all sleep stages (P < 0.05 consistently). Also power spectral density was studied for consistency with previous investigations. Meaningfully, we found a local specificity of neurodynamics, well quantified by the fractal dimension, expressed in wakefulness and during sleep. We reinforce the idea that neurodynamic may become a new criterion for cortical parcellation, prospectively improving the understanding and ability of compensatory interventions for behavioral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Armonaite
- Faculty of Psychology, Uninettuno University, Corso V. Emanuele II, n. 39, 00186, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience (LET'S), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Palestro, n. 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, n. 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Paulon
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience (LET'S), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Palestro, n. 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Balsi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University, Via Eudossiana, n. 18, 00184, Rome
| | - Livio Conti
- Faculty of Engineering, Uninettuno University, Corso V. Emanuele II, n. 39, 00186, Rome, Italy
- INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, n.1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Tecchio
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience (LET'S), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Palestro, n. 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, Uninettuno University, Corso V. Emanuele II, n. 39, 00186, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Human spinal GABA neurons survive and mature in the injured nonhuman primate spinal cord. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:439-448. [PMID: 36669493 PMCID: PMC9969075 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to permanent neural dysfunction without effective therapies. We previously showed that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived spinal GABA neurons can alleviate spasticity and promote locomotion in rats after SCI, but whether this strategy can be translated into the clinic remains elusive. Here, a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of SCI was established in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in which the T10 spinal cord was hemisected, resulting in neural conduction failure and neural dysfunction, including locomotion deficits, pain, and spasms. Grafted human spinal GABA neurons survived for up to 7.5 months in the injured monkey spinal cord and retained their intrinsic properties, becoming mature and growing axons and forming synapses. Importantly, they are functionally alive, as evidenced by designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) activation. These findings represent a significant step toward the clinical translation of human spinal neuron transplantation for treating SCI.
Collapse
|
32
|
Modulation of sensorimotor oscillation by sensory gating in the frontal cortex. Neuroreport 2023; 34:9-16. [PMID: 36504037 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To reveal that nonprimary motor-related areas located in the upper stream of the sensorimotor area are associated with self-regulated local electroencephalogram changes in the sensorimotor area during motor tasks. METHODS Among healthy participants, we measured the gating of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) in nonprimary motor-related areas and the sensorimotor area, and event-related desynchronisation, which reflects the excitability changes of the neurons localised in the sensorimotor area during motor execution and imagery. RESULTS We confirmed significant correlations between beta-band event-related desynchronisation and the somatosensory-evoked potential gating of frontal N30 during motor imagery and execution (motor imagery: r = 0.723; P < 0.05; motor execution: r = 0.873; P < 0.05), and nonsignificant correlations between beta-band event-related desynchronisation and the somatosensory-evoked potential gating of N20 (motor imagery: r = 0.079; P > 0.05; motor execution: r = 0.449; P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The N30 gating of SEPs, with which the beta-band event-related desynchronisation was associated, implies that they modulate sensory input to the supplementary motor area/premotor cortex during motor tasks, the beta-band self-regulated local electroencephalogram changes in the sensorimotor area related sensory input to the supplementary motor area/premotor cortex, and not to primary sensory area derived from N20 gating. This study suggests that some motor commands are derived from sensory gating in the supplementary motor area/premotor cortex.
Collapse
|
33
|
Krotov V, Agashkov K, Romanenko S, Halaidych O, Andrianov Y, Safronov BV, Belan P, Voitenko N. Elucidating afferent-driven presynaptic inhibition of primary afferent input to spinal laminae I and X. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 16:1029799. [PMID: 36713779 PMCID: PMC9874151 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1029799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although spinal processing of sensory information greatly relies on afferent-driven (AD) presynaptic inhibition (PI), our knowledge about how it shapes peripheral input to different types of nociceptive neurons remains insufficient. Here we examined the AD-PI of primary afferent input to spinal neurons in the marginal layer, lamina I, and the layer surrounding the central canal, lamina X; two nociceptive-processing regions with similar patterns of direct supply by Aδ- and C-afferents. Unmyelinated C-fibers were selectively activated by electrical stimuli of negative polarity that induced an anodal block of myelinated Aβ/δ-fibers. Combining this approach with the patch-clamp recording in an ex vivo spinal cord preparation, we found that attenuation of the AD-PI by the anodal block of Aβ/δ-fibers resulted in the appearance of new mono- and polysynaptic C-fiber-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) components. Such homosegmental Aβ/δ-AD-PI affected neurons in the segment of the dorsal root entrance as well as in the adjacent rostral segment. In their turn, C-fibers from the L5 dorsal root induced heterosegmental AD-PI of the inputs from the L4 Aδ- and C-afferents to the neurons in the L4 segment. The heterosegmental C-AD-PI was reciprocal since the L4 C-afferents inhibited the L5 Aδ- and C-fiber inputs, as well as some direct L5 Aβ-fiber inputs. Moreover, the C-AD-PI was found to control the spike discharge in spinal neurons. Given that the homosegmental Aβ/δ-AD-PI and heterosegmental C-AD-PI affected a substantial percentage of lamina I and X neurons, we suggest that these basic mechanisms are important for shaping primary afferent input to the neurons in the spinal nociceptive-processing network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Krotov
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine,Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine,*Correspondence: Volodymyr Krotov,
| | - Kirill Agashkov
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Romanenko
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Halaidych
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslav Andrianov
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Boris V. Safronov
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal,Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pavel Belan
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine,Department of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nana Voitenko
- Department of Sensory Signaling, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine,Department of Biomedicine and Neuroscience, Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine,Dobrobut Academy Medical School, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Peng B, Jiao Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Chen S, Xu S, Gao P, Fan Y, Yu W. Bulbospinal nociceptive ON and OFF cells related neural circuits and transmitters. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1159753. [PMID: 37153792 PMCID: PMC10157642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1159753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a bulbospinal nuclei in the descending pain modulation system, and directly affects spinal nociceptive transmission through pronociceptive ON cells and antinociceptive OFF cells in this area. The functional status of ON and OFF neurons play a pivotal role in pain chronification. As distinct pain modulative information converges in the RVM and affects ON and OFF cell excitability, neural circuits and transmitters correlated to RVM need to be defined for an in-depth understanding of central-mediated pain sensitivity. In this review, neural circuits including the role of the periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, parabrachial complex, hypothalamus, amygdala input to the RVM, and RVM output to the spinal dorsal horn are discussed. Meanwhile, the role of neurotransmitters is concluded, including serotonin, opioids, amino acids, cannabinoids, TRPV1, substance P and cholecystokinin, and their dynamic impact on both ON and OFF cell activities in modulating pain transmission. Via clarifying potential specific receptors of ON and OFF cells, more targeted therapies can be raised to generate pain relief for patients who suffer from chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingxue Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfu Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunchun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shian Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Saihong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Po Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghui Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghui Fan, ; Weifeng Yu,
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yinghui Fan, ; Weifeng Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Cao B, Scherrer G, Chen L. Spinal cord retinoic acid receptor signaling gates mechanical hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. Neuron 2022; 110:4108-4124.e6. [PMID: 36223767 PMCID: PMC9789181 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Central sensitization caused by spinal disinhibition is a key mechanism of mechanical allodynia in neuropathic pain. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal disinhibition after nerve injury remain unclear. Here, we show in mice that spared nerve injury (SNI), which induces mechanical hypersensitivity and neuropathic pain, triggers homeostatic reduction of inhibitory outputs from dorsal horn parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons onto both primary afferent terminals and excitatory interneurons. The reduction in inhibitory outputs drives hyperactivation of the spinal cord nociceptive pathway, causing mechanical hypersensitivity. We identified the retinoic acid receptor RARα, a central regulator of homeostatic plasticity, as the key molecular mediator for this synaptic disinhibition. Deletion of RARα in spinal PV+ neurons or application of an RARα antagonist in the spinal cord prevented the development of SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Our results identify RARα as a crucial molecular effector for neuropathic pain and a potential target for its treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gregory Scherrer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, UNC Neuroscience Center, Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Temporal dynamics of the sensorimotor convergence underlying voluntary limb movement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2208353119. [PMID: 36409890 PMCID: PMC9860324 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208353119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Descending motor drive and somatosensory feedback play important roles in modulating muscle activity. Numerous studies have characterized the organization of neuronal connectivity in which descending motor pathways and somatosensory afferents converge on spinal motor neurons as a final common pathway. However, how inputs from these two pathways are integrated into spinal motor neurons to generate muscle activity during actual motor behavior is unknown. Here, we simultaneously recorded activity in the motor cortices (MCx), somatosensory afferent neurons, and forelimb muscles in monkeys performing reaching and grasping movements. We constructed a linear model to explain the instantaneous muscle activity using the activity of MCx (descending input) and peripheral afferents (afferent input). Decomposition of the reconstructed muscle activity into each subcomponent indicated that muscle activity before movement onset could first be explained by descending input from mainly the primary motor cortex and muscle activity after movement onset by both descending and afferent inputs. Descending input had a facilitative effect on all muscles, whereas afferent input had a facilitative or suppressive effect on each muscle. Such antagonistic effects of afferent input can be explained by reciprocal effects of the spinal reflex. These results suggest that descending input contributes to the initiation of limb movement, and this initial movement subsequently affects muscle activity via the spinal reflex in conjunction with the continuous descending input. Thus, spinal motor neurons are subjected to temporally organized modulation by direct activation through the descending pathway and the lagged action of the spinal reflex during voluntary limb movement.
Collapse
|
37
|
Warriner CL, Fageiry S, Saxena S, Costa RM, Miri A. Motor cortical influence relies on task-specific activity covariation. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111427. [PMID: 36170841 PMCID: PMC9536049 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During limb movement, spinal circuits facilitate the alternating activation of antagonistic flexor and extensor muscles. Yet antagonist cocontraction is often required to stabilize joints, like when loads are handled. Previous results suggest that these different muscle activation patterns are mediated by separate flexion- and extension-related motor cortical output populations, while others suggest recruitment of task-specific populations. To distinguish between hypotheses, we developed a paradigm in which mice toggle between forelimb tasks requiring antagonist alternation or cocontraction and measured activity in motor cortical layer 5b. Our results conform to neither hypothesis: consistent flexion- and extension-related activity is not observed across tasks, and no task-specific populations are observed. Instead, activity covariation among motor cortical neurons dramatically changes between tasks, thereby altering the relation between neural and muscle activity. This is also observed specifically for corticospinal neurons. Collectively, our findings indicate that motor cortex drives different muscle activation patterns via task-specific activity covariation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Warriner
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Samaher Fageiry
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Shreya Saxena
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Statistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Grossman Center for Statistics of the Mind, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rui M Costa
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Andrew Miri
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hari K, Lucas-Osma AM, Metz K, Lin S, Pardell N, Roszko DA, Black S, Minarik A, Singla R, Stephens MJ, Pearce RA, Fouad K, Jones KE, Gorassini MA, Fenrich KK, Li Y, Bennett DJ. GABA facilitates spike propagation through branch points of sensory axons in the spinal cord. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1288-1299. [PMID: 36163283 PMCID: PMC10042549 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01162-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Movement and posture depend on sensory feedback that is regulated by specialized GABAergic neurons (GAD2+) that form axo-axonic contacts onto myelinated proprioceptive sensory axons and are thought to be inhibitory. However, we report here that activating GAD2+ neurons directly with optogenetics or indirectly by cutaneous stimulation actually facilitates sensory feedback to motor neurons in rodents and humans. GABAA receptors located at or near nodes of Ranvier of sensory axons cause this facilitation by preventing spike propagation failure at the many axon branch points, which is otherwise common without GABA. In contrast, GABAA receptors are generally lacking from axon terminals and so cannot inhibit transmitter release onto motor neurons, unlike GABAB receptors that cause presynaptic inhibition. GABAergic innervation near nodes and branch points allows individual branches to function autonomously, with GAD2+ neurons regulating which branches conduct, adding a computational layer to the neuronal networks generating movement and likely generalizing to other central nervous system axons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnapriya Hari
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ana M Lucas-Osma
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Krista Metz
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shihao Lin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Noah Pardell
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David A Roszko
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sophie Black
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna Minarik
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rahul Singla
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marilee J Stephens
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert A Pearce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karim Fouad
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kelvin E Jones
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Monica A Gorassini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Keith K Fenrich
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yaqing Li
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Bennett
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada. .,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Spinal Cord Circuits: Models and Reality. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
40
|
Chen B, Perez MA. Altered regulation of Ia afferent input during voluntary contraction in humans with spinal cord injury. eLife 2022; 11:e80089. [PMID: 36069767 PMCID: PMC9451536 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory input converging on the spinal cord contributes to the control of movement. Although sensory pathways reorganize following spinal cord injury (SCI), the extent to which sensory input from Ia afferents is regulated during voluntary contraction after the injury remains largely unknown. To address this question, the soleus H-reflex and conditioning of the H-reflex by stimulating homonymous [depression of the soleus H-reflex evoked by common peroneal nerve (CPN) stimulation, D1 inhibition] and heteronymous (d), [monosynaptic Ia facilitation of the soleus H-reflex evoked by femoral nerve stimulation (FN facilitation)] nerves were tested at rest, and during tonic voluntary contraction in humans with and without chronic incomplete SCI. The soleus H-reflex size increased in both groups during voluntary contraction compared with rest, but to a lesser extent in SCI participants. Compared with rest, the D1 inhibition decreased during voluntary contraction in controls but it was still present in SCI participants. Further, the FN facilitation increased in controls but remained unchanged in SCI participants during voluntary contraction compared with rest. Changes in the D1 inhibition and FN facilitation were correlated with changes in the H-reflex during voluntary contraction, suggesting an association between outcomes. These findings provide the first demonstration that the regulation of Ia afferent input from homonymous and heteronymous nerves is altered during voluntary contraction in humans with SCI, resulting in lesser facilitatory effect on motor neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Northwestern University, and Edward Hines Jr., VA Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
| | - Monica A Perez
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Northwestern University, and Edward Hines Jr., VA Medical CenterChicagoUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cao K, Pang H, Yu H, Li Y, Guo M, Liu Y, Fan G. Identifying and validating subtypes of Parkinson's disease based on multimodal MRI data via hierarchical clustering analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:919081. [PMID: 35966989 PMCID: PMC9372337 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.919081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We wished to explore Parkinson's disease (PD) subtypes by clustering analysis based on the multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and gray matter volume (GMV). Then, we analyzed the differences between PD subtypes. Methods Eighty-six PD patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. We extracted ALFF and GMV according to the Anatomical Automatic Labeling (AAL) partition using Data Processing and Analysis for Brain Imaging (DPABI) software. The Ward linkage method was used for hierarchical clustering analysis. DPABI was employed to compare differences in ALFF and GMV between groups. Results Two subtypes of PD were identified. The “diffuse malignant subtype” was characterized by reduced ALFF in the visual-related cortex and extensive reduction of GMV with severe impairment in motor function and cognitive function. The “mild subtype” was characterized by increased ALFF in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and sensorimotor cortex, and a slight decrease in GMV with mild impairment of motor function and cognitive function. Conclusion Hierarchical clustering analysis based on multimodal MRI indices could be employed to identify two PD subtypes. These two PD subtypes showed different neurodegenerative patterns upon imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Cao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huize Pang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingmei Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miaoran Guo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Guoguang Fan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Gebehart C, Hooper SL, Büschges A. Non-linear multimodal integration in a distributed premotor network controls proprioceptive reflex gain in the insect leg. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3847-3854.e3. [PMID: 35896118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Producing context-appropriate motor acts requires integrating multiple sensory modalities. Presynaptic inhibition of proprioceptive afferent neurons1-4 and afferents of different modalities targeting the same motor neurons (MNs)5-7 underlies some of this integration. However, in most systems, an interneuronal network is interposed between sensory afferents and MNs. How these networks contribute to this integration, particularly at single-neuron resolution, is little understood. Context-specific integration of load and movement sensory inputs occurs in the stick insect locomotory system,6,8-12 and both inputs feed into a network of premotor nonspiking interneurons (NSIs).8 We analyzed how load altered movement signal processing in the stick insect femur-tibia (FTi) joint control system by tracing the interaction of FTi movement13-15 (femoral chordotonal organ [fCO]) and load13,15,16 (tibial campaniform sensilla [CS]) signals through the NSI network to the slow extensor tibiae (SETi) MN, the extensor MN primarily active in non-walking animals.17-19 On the afferent level, load reduced movement signal gain by presynaptic inhibition. In the NSI network, graded responses to movement and load inputs summed nonlinearly, increasing the gain of NSIs opposing movement-induced reflexes and thus decreasing the SETi and extensor tibiae muscle movement reflex responses. Gain modulation was movement-parameter specific and required presynaptic inhibition. These data suggest that gain changes in distributed premotor networks, specifically the relative weighting of antagonistic pathways, could be a general mechanism by which multiple sensory modalities are integrated to generate context-appropriate motor activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Gebehart
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Scott L Hooper
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany; Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Ansgar Büschges
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Strasse 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Knodel MM, Dutta Roy R, Wittum G. Influence of T-Bar on Calcium Concentration Impacting Release Probability. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:855746. [PMID: 35586479 PMCID: PMC9108211 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.855746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation of form and function, namely the impact of the synaptic anatomy on calcium dynamics in the presynaptic bouton, is a major challenge of present (computational) neuroscience at a cellular level. The Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a simple model system, which allows studying basic effects in a rather simple way. This synapse harbors several special structures. In particular, in opposite to standard vertebrate synapses, the presynaptic boutons are rather large, and they have several presynaptic zones. In these zones, different types of anatomical structures are present. Some of the zones bear a so-called T-bar, a particular anatomical structure. The geometric form of the T-bar resembles the shape of the letter “T” or a table with one leg. When an action potential arises, calcium influx is triggered. The probability of vesicle docking and neurotransmitter release is superlinearly proportional to the concentration of calcium close to the vesicular release site. It is tempting to assume that the T-bar causes some sort of calcium accumulation and hence triggers a higher release probability and thus enhances neurotransmitter exocytosis. In order to study this influence in a quantitative manner, we constructed a typical T-bar geometry and compared the calcium concentration close to the active zones (AZs). We compared the case of synapses with and without T-bars. Indeed, we found a substantial influence of the T-bar structure on the presynaptic calcium concentrations close to the AZs, indicating that this anatomical structure increases vesicle release probability. Therefore, our study reveals how the T-bar zone implies a strong relation between form and function. Our study answers the question of experimental studies (namely “Wichmann and Sigrist, Journal of neurogenetics 2010”) concerning the sense of the anatomical structure of the T-bar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus M. Knodel
- Goethe Center for Scientific Computing (GCSC), Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Markus M. Knodel ; orcid.org/0000-0001-8739-0803
| | | | - Gabriel Wittum
- Goethe Center for Scientific Computing (GCSC), Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Applied Mathematics and Computational Science, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Fernandes EC, Carlos-Ferreira J, Luz LL, Safronov BV. Presynaptic Interactions between Trigeminal and Cervical Nociceptive Afferents Supplying Upper Cervical Lamina I Neurons. J Neurosci 2022; 42:3587-3598. [PMID: 35318285 PMCID: PMC9053849 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0025-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical and trigeminal afferents innervate neighboring cranial territories, and their convergence on upper cervical dorsal horn neurons provides a potential substrate for pain referral in primary headache syndromes. Lamina I neurons are central to this mechanism, as they relay convergent nociceptive input to supraspinal pain centers. Unfortunately, little is known about the interactions between trigeminal and cervical afferents supplying Lamina I neurons. Here, we used rats of both sexes to show that cervical and trigeminal afferents interact via presynaptic inhibition, where monosynaptic inputs to Lamina I neurons undergo unidirectional as well as reciprocal presynaptic control. This means that afferent-driven presynaptic inhibition shapes the way trigeminal and cervical Aδ-fiber and C-fiber input reaches Lamina I projection neurons (PNs) and local-circuit neurons (LCNs). We propose that this inhibition provides a feedforward control of excitatory drive to Lamina I neurons that regulates their convergent and cervical-specific or trigeminal-specific processing modes. As a consequence, disruption of the trigeminal and cervical afferent-driven presynaptic inhibition may contribute to development of primary headache syndromes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Cervical and trigeminal afferents innervate neighboring cranial territories, and their convergence on upper cervical dorsal horn neurons provides a potential substrate for pain referral in primary headache syndromes. Lamina I neurons are central to this mechanism as they relay convergent nociceptive input to supraspinal pain centers. Here, we show that cervical and trigeminal afferents interact via presynaptic inhibition, where inputs to Lamina I neurons undergo unidirectional as well as reciprocal control. The afferent-driven presynaptic inhibition shapes the trigeminocervical Aδ-fiber and C-fiber input to Lamina I neurons. This inhibition provides control of excitatory drive to Lamina I neurons that regulates their convergent and cervical-specific or trigeminal-specific processing modes. Disruption of this control may contribute to development of primary headache syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete C Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - José Carlos-Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Liliana L Luz
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Boris V Safronov
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
- Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Parallel locomotor control strategies in mice and flies. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 73:102516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
46
|
Corticomuscular coherence dependence on body side and visual feedback. Neuroscience 2022; 490:144-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
47
|
Gradwell MA, Boyle KA, Browne TJ, Bell AM, Leonardo J, Peralta Reyes FS, Dickie AC, Smith KM, Callister RJ, Dayas CV, Hughes DI, Graham BA. Diversity of inhibitory and excitatory parvalbumin interneuron circuits in the dorsal horn. Pain 2022; 163:e432-e452. [PMID: 34326298 PMCID: PMC8832545 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PVINs) in the spinal dorsal horn are found primarily in laminae II inner and III. Inhibitory PVINs play an important role in segregating innocuous tactile input from pain-processing circuits through presynaptic inhibition of myelinated low-threshold mechanoreceptors and postsynaptic inhibition of distinct spinal circuits. By comparison, relatively little is known of the role of excitatory PVINs (ePVINs) in sensory processing. Here, we use neuroanatomical and optogenetic approaches to show that ePVINs comprise a larger proportion of the PVIN population than previously reported and that both ePVIN and inhibitory PVIN populations form synaptic connections among (and between) themselves. We find that these cells contribute to neuronal networks that influence activity within several functionally distinct circuits and that aberrant activity of ePVINs under pathological conditions is well placed to contribute to the development of mechanical hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Gradwell
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
- W.M. Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Kieran A. Boyle
- Institute of Neuroscience Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tyler J. Browne
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Bell
- Institute of Neuroscience Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jacklyn Leonardo
- Institute of Neuroscience Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fernanda S. Peralta Reyes
- Institute of Neuroscience Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Allen C. Dickie
- Institute of Neuroscience Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kelly M. Smith
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Neurobiology and the Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert J. Callister
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher V. Dayas
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David I. Hughes
- Institute of Neuroscience Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brett A. Graham
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Laliberte AM, Farah C, Steiner KR, Tariq O, Bui TV. Changes in Sensorimotor Connectivity to dI3 Interneurons in Relation to the Postnatal Maturation of Grasping. Front Neural Circuits 2022; 15:768235. [PMID: 35153680 PMCID: PMC8828486 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.768235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primitive reflexes are evident shortly after birth. Many of these reflexes disappear during postnatal development as part of the maturation of motor control. This study investigates the changes of connectivity related to sensory integration by spinal dI3 interneurons during the time in which the palmar grasp reflex gradually disappears in postnatal mice pups. Our results reveal an increase in GAD65/67-labeled terminals to perisomatic Vglut1-labeled sensory inputs contacting cervical and lumbar dI3 interneurons between postnatal day 3 and day 25. In contrast, there were no changes in the number of perisomatic Vglut1-labeled sensory inputs to lumbar and cervical dI3 interneurons other than a decrease between postnatal day 15 and day 25. Changes in postsynaptic GAD65/67-labeled inputs to dI3 interneurons were inconsistent with a role in the sustained loss of the grasp reflex. These results suggest a possible link between the maturation of hand grasp during postnatal development and increased presynaptic inhibition of sensory inputs to dI3 interneurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. Laliberte
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carl Farah
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyra R. Steiner
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Omar Tariq
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tuan V. Bui
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Tuan V. Bui
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
When animals walk overground, mechanical stimuli activate various receptors located in muscles, joints, and skin. Afferents from these mechanoreceptors project to neuronal networks controlling locomotion in the spinal cord and brain. The dynamic interactions between the control systems at different levels of the neuraxis ensure that locomotion adjusts to its environment and meets task demands. In this article, we describe and discuss the essential contribution of somatosensory feedback to locomotion. We start with a discussion of how biomechanical properties of the body affect somatosensory feedback. We follow with the different types of mechanoreceptors and somatosensory afferents and their activity during locomotion. We then describe central projections to locomotor networks and the modulation of somatosensory feedback during locomotion and its mechanisms. We then discuss experimental approaches and animal models used to investigate the control of locomotion by somatosensory feedback before providing an overview of the different functional roles of somatosensory feedback for locomotion. Lastly, we briefly describe the role of somatosensory feedback in the recovery of locomotion after neurological injury. We highlight the fact that somatosensory feedback is an essential component of a highly integrated system for locomotor control. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-71, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Frigon
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Turgay Akay
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Atlantic Mobility Action Project, Brain Repair Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Boris I Prilutsky
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Deng L, Ravenscraft B, Xu XM. Exploring propriospinal neuron-mediated neural circuit plasticity using recombinant viruses after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2021; 349:113962. [PMID: 34953895 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Propriospinal neurons (PSNs) play a crucial role in motor control and sensory processing and contribute to plastic reorganization of spinal circuits responsible for recovery from spinal cord injury (SCI). Due to their scattered distribution and various intersegmental projection patterns, it is challenging to dissect the function of PSNs within the neuronal network. New genetically encoded tools, particularly cell-type-specific transgene expression methods using recombinant viral vectors combined with other genetic, pharmacologic, and optogenetic approaches, have enormous potential for visualizing PSNs in the neuronal circuits and monitoring and manipulating their activity. Furthermore, recombinant viral tools have been utilized to promote the intrinsic regenerative capacities of PSNs, towards manipulating the 'hostile' microenvironment for improving functional regeneration of PSNs. Here we summarize the latest development in this fast-moving field and provide a perspective for using this technology to dissect PSN physiological role in contributing to recovery of function after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Baylen Ravenscraft
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| |
Collapse
|