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Okano A, Miyawaki S, Teranishi Y, Hongo H, Dofuku S, Ohara K, Sakai Y, Shin M, Nakatomi H, Saito N. POLR2A Mutation is a Poor Prognostic Marker of Cerebellopontine Angle Meningioma. Neurosurgery 2024; 95:275-283. [PMID: 38380947 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000002873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent molecular analyses have shown that the driver genetic mutations of meningiomas were associated with the anatomic location. Among these, POLR2A mutation is common among lesions in the skull base, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of POLR2A mutation as a prognostic marker for CPA meningiomas. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 70 patients who had World Health Organization grade I CPA meningiomas. Somatic DNA was analyzed by Sanger sequencing and microsatellite array to examine for NF2 , AKT1 , KLF4 , SMO , and POLR2A mutations and 22q loss. Genetic and clinical parameters were analyzed to identify the factors related with tumor recurrence. RESULTS We detected clearly the clinical features of the CPA cases with POLR2A mutation. Compared with cases without POLR2A mutation, cases with POLR2A mutation had more meningothelial type ( P = 6.9 × 10 -4 ), and higher rate of recurrence ( P = .04). We found that the poor prognostic factors associated with the recurrence of CPA meningiomas were POLR2A mutation ( P = .03, hazard ratio [HR] 9.38, 95% CI 1.26-70.0) and subtotal resection (STR) ( P = 5.1 × 10 -4 , HR 63.1, 95% CI 6.09-655.0). In addition, in the group that underwent STR, POLR2A mutation was a poor prognostic factor associated with tumor recurrence ( P = .03, HR 11.1, 95% CI 1.19-103.7). CONCLUSION POLR2A mutation and STR were the poor prognostic markers associated with the recurrence of CPA meningioma. For CPA meningioma cases that underwent STR, only POLR2A mutation was a poor prognostic factor. Detecting POLR2A mutation may be a cost-effective, easy, and useful marker for prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo , Japan
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Lin Z, Assaraf YG, Kwok HF. Peptides for microbe-induced cancers: latest therapeutic strategies and their advanced technologies. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024:10.1007/s10555-024-10197-4. [PMID: 39008152 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-024-10197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health concern associated with multiple distinct factors, including microbial and viral infections. Numerous studies have elucidated the role of microorganisms, such as Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), as well as viruses for example human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in the development of human malignancies. Substantial attention has been focused on the treatment of these microorganism- and virus-associated cancers, with promising outcomes observed in studies employing peptide-based therapies. The current paper provides an overview of microbe- and virus-induced cancers and their underlying molecular mechanisms. We discuss an assortment of peptide-based therapies which are currently being developed, including tumor-targeting peptides and microbial/viral peptide-based vaccines. We describe the major technological advancements that have been made in the design, screening, and delivery of peptides as anticancer agents. The primary focus of the current review is to provide insight into the latest research and development in this field and to provide a realistic glimpse into the future of peptide-based therapies for microbe- and virus-induced neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Lin
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Lab, Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Instituteof Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
- MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR.
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Liu Y, Su Z, Tavana O, Gu W. Understanding the complexity of p53 in a new era of tumor suppression. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:946-967. [PMID: 38729160 PMCID: PMC11190820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
p53 was discovered 45 years ago as an SV40 large T antigen binding protein, coded by the most frequently mutated TP53 gene in human cancers. As a transcription factor, p53 is tightly regulated by a rich network of post-translational modifications to execute its diverse functions in tumor suppression. Although early studies established p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence as the classic barriers in cancer development, a growing number of new functions of p53 have been discovered and the scope of p53-mediated anti-tumor activity is largely expanded. Here, we review the complexity of different layers of p53 regulation, and the recent advance of the p53 pathway in metabolism, ferroptosis, immunity, and others that contribute to tumor suppression. We also discuss the challenge regarding how to activate p53 function specifically effective in inhibiting tumor growth without harming normal homeostasis for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Bao L, Zhu J, Shi T, Jiang Y, Li B, Huang J, Ji X. Increased transcriptional elongation and RNA stability of GPCR ligand binding genes unveiled via RNA polymerase II degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae478. [PMID: 38842922 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II drives mRNA gene expression, yet our understanding of Pol II degradation is limited. Using auxin-inducible degron, we degraded Pol II's RPB1 subunit, resulting in global repression. Surprisingly, certain genes exhibited increased RNA levels post-degradation. These genes are associated with GPCR ligand binding and are characterized by being less paused and comprising polycomb-bound short genes. RPB1 degradation globally increased KDM6B binding, which was insufficient to explain specific gene activation. In contrast, RPB2 degradation repressed nearly all genes, accompanied by decreased H3K9me3 and SUV39H1 occupancy. We observed a specific increase in serine 2 phosphorylated Pol II and RNA stability for RPB1 degradation-upregulated genes. Additionally, α-amanitin or UV treatment resulted in RPB1 degradation and global gene repression, unveiling subsets of upregulated genes. Our findings highlight the activated transcription elongation and increased RNA stability of signaling genes as potential mechanisms for mammalian cells to counter RPB1 degradation during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tingxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongpeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Boyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Center of RNA Biology (BEACON), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ning D, Xue J, Lou X, Shao R, Liu Y, Chen G. Transforming toxins into treatments: the revolutionary role of α-amanitin in cancer therapy. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1705-1716. [PMID: 38555326 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Amanita phalloides is the primary species responsible for fatal mushroom poisoning, as its main toxin, α-amanitin, irreversibly and potently inhibits eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAP II), leading to cell death. There is no specific antidote for α-amanitin, which hinders its clinical application. However, with the advancement of precision medicine in oncology, including the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), the potential value of various toxic small molecules has been explored. These ADCs ingeniously combine the targeting precision of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of small-molecule payloads to precisely kill tumor cells. We searched PubMed for studies in this area using these MeSH terms "Amanitins, Alpha-Amanitin, Therapeutic use, Immunotherapy, Immunoconjugates, Antibodies" and did not limit the time interval. Recent studies have conducted preclinical experiments on ADCs based on α-amanitin, showing promising therapeutic effects and good tolerance in primates. The current challenges include the not fully understood toxicological mechanism of α-amanitin and the lack of clinical studies to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of ADCs developed based on α-amanitin. In this article, we will discuss the role and therapeutic efficacy of α-amanitin as an effective payload in ADCs for the treatment of various cancers, providing background information for the research and application strategies of current and future drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyuan Ning
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jinfang Xue
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiran Lou
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ruifei Shao
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, No 157 Jinbi Road, Xishan District, Kunming, 650032, China.
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Tsuchikama K, Anami Y, Ha SYY, Yamazaki CM. Exploring the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:203-223. [PMID: 38191923 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising cancer treatment modality that enables the selective delivery of highly cytotoxic payloads to tumours. However, realizing the full potential of this platform necessitates innovative molecular designs to tackle several clinical challenges such as drug resistance, tumour heterogeneity and treatment-related adverse effects. Several emerging ADC formats exist, including bispecific ADCs, conditionally active ADCs (also known as probody-drug conjugates), immune-stimulating ADCs, protein-degrader ADCs and dual-drug ADCs, and each offers unique capabilities for tackling these various challenges. For example, probody-drug conjugates can enhance tumour specificity, whereas bispecific ADCs and dual-drug ADCs can address resistance and heterogeneity with enhanced activity. The incorporation of immune-stimulating and protein-degrader ADCs, which have distinct mechanisms of action, into existing treatment strategies could enable multimodal cancer treatment. Despite the promising outlook, the importance of patient stratification and biomarker identification cannot be overstated for these emerging ADCs, as these factors are crucial to identify patients who are most likely to derive benefit. As we continue to deepen our understanding of tumour biology and refine ADC design, we will edge closer to developing truly effective and safe ADCs for patients with treatment-refractory cancers. In this Review, we highlight advances in each ADC component (the monoclonal antibody, payload, linker and conjugation chemistry) and provide more-detailed discussions on selected examples of emerging novel ADCs of each format, enabled by engineering of one or more of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer Y Y Ha
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhao Q, Zong H, Zhu P, Su C, Tang W, Chen Z, Jin S. Crosstalk between colorectal CSCs and immune cells in tumorigenesis, and strategies for targeting colorectal CSCs. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:6. [PMID: 38254219 PMCID: PMC10802076 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy in the treatment of colorectal cancer, and relapse after tumor immunotherapy has attracted increasing attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subset of tumor cells with self-renewal and differentiation capacities, are resistant to traditional therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Recently, CSCs have been proven to be the cells driving tumor relapse after immunotherapy. However, the mutual interactions between CSCs and cancer niche immune cells are largely uncharacterized. In this review, we focus on colorectal CSCs, CSC-immune cell interactions and CSC-based immunotherapy. Colorectal CSCs are characterized by robust expression of surface markers such as CD44, CD133 and Lgr5; hyperactivation of stemness-related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hippo/Yap1, Jak/Stat and Notch pathways; and disordered epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNA action. Moreover, colorectal CSCs express abnormal levels of immune-related genes such as MHC and immune checkpoint molecules and mutually interact with cancer niche cells in multiple tumorigenesis-related processes, including tumor initiation, maintenance, metastasis and drug resistance. To date, many therapies targeting CSCs have been evaluated, including monoclonal antibodies, antibody‒drug conjugates, bispecific antibodies, tumor vaccines adoptive cell therapy, and small molecule inhibitors. With the development of CSC-/niche-targeting technology, as well as the integration of multidisciplinary studies, novel therapies that eliminate CSCs and reverse their immunosuppressive microenvironment are expected to be developed for the treatment of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Hong Zong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Pingping Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Wenxue Tang
- The Research and Application Center of Precision Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 2 Jing‑ba Road, Zhengzhou, 450014, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Shuiling Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Singh RK, Jones RJ, Shirazi F, Qin L, Zou J, Hong S, Wang H, Lee HC, Patel KK, Wan J, Choudhary RK, Kuiatse I, Pahl A, Orlowski RZ. Novel Anti-B-cell Maturation Antigen Alpha-Amanitin Antibody-drug Conjugate HDP-101 Shows Superior Activity to Belantamab Mafodotin and Enhanced Efficacy in Deletion 17p Myeloma Models. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3843028. [PMID: 38260385 PMCID: PMC10802748 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3843028/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) plays a pathobiologic role in myeloma and is a validated target with five BCMA-specific therapeutics having been approved for relapsed/refractory disease. However, these drugs are not curative, and responses are inferior in patients with molecularly-defined high-risk disease, including those with deletion 17p (del17p) involving the tumor suppressor TP53, supporting the need for further drug development. Del17p has been associated with reduced copy number and gene expression of RNA polymerase II subunit alpha (POLR2A) in other tumor types. We therefore studied the possibility that HDP-101, an anti-BCMA antibody drug conjugate (ADC) with the POLR2A poison α-amanitin could be an attractive agent in myeloma, especially with del17p. HDP-101 reduced viability in myeloma cell lines representing different molecular disease subtypes, and overcame adhesion-mediated and both conventional and novel drug resistance. After confirming that del17p is associated with reduced POLR2A levels in publicly available myeloma patient databases, we engineered TP53 wild-type cells with a TP53 knockout (KO), POLR2A knockdown (KD), or both, the latter to mimic del17p. HDP-101 showed potent anti-myeloma activity against all tested cell lines, and exerted enhanced efficacy against POLR2A KD and dual TP53 KO/POLR2A KD cells. Mechanistic studies showed HDP-101 up-regulated the unfolded protein response, activated apoptosis, and induced immunogenic cell death. Notably, HDP-101 impacted CD138-positive but not-negative primary cells, showed potent efficacy against aldehyde dehydrogenase-positive clonogenic cells, and eradicated myeloma in an in vivo cell line-derived xenograft (CDX). Interestingly, in the CDX model, prior treatment with HDP-101 precluded subsequent engraftment on tumor cell line rechallenge in a manner that appeared to be dependent in part on natural killer cells and macrophages. Finally, HDP-101 was superior to the BCMA-targeted ADC belantamab mafodotin against cell lines and primary myeloma cells in vitro, and in an in vivo CDX. Together, the data support the rationale for translation of HDP-101 to the clinic, where it is now undergoing Phase I trials, and suggest that it could emerge as a more potent ADC for myeloma with especially interesting activity against the high-risk del17p myeloma subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Qin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Jianxuan Zou
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Samuel Hong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Hua Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | - Hans C Lee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
| | | | - Jie Wan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
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Saman S, Srivastava N, Yasir M, Chauhan I. A Comprehensive Review on Current Treatments and Challenges Involved in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:142-166. [PMID: 37642226 DOI: 10.2174/1568009623666230811093139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common gynaecological malignancy. It typically affects females over the age of 50, and since 75% of cases are only discovered at stage III or IV, this is a sign of a poor diagnosis. Despite intraperitoneal chemotherapy's chemosensitivity, most patients relapse and face death. Early detection is difficult, but treatment is also difficult due to the route of administration, resistance to therapy with recurrence, and the need for precise cancer targeting to minimize cytotoxicity and adverse effects. On the other hand, undergoing debulking surgery becomes challenging, and therapy with many chemotherapeutic medications has manifested resistance, a condition known as multidrug resistance (MDR). Although there are other therapeutic options for ovarian cancer, this article solely focuses on co-delivery techniques, which work via diverse pathways to overcome cancer cell resistance. Different pathways contribute to MDR development in ovarian cancer; however, usually, pump and non-pump mechanisms are involved. Striking cancerous cells from several angles is important to defeat MDR. Nanocarriers are known to bypass the drug efflux pump found on cellular membranes to hit the pump mechanism. Nanocarriers aid in the treatment of ovarian cancer by enhancing the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumour sites through passive or active targeting, thereby reducing unfavorable side effects on the healthy tissues. Additionally, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism boosts the bioavailability of the tumour site. To address the shortcomings of conventional delivery, the current review attempts to explain the current conventional treatment with special reference to passively and actively targeted drug delivery systems (DDSs) towards specific receptors developed to treat ovarian cancer. In conclusion, tailored nanocarriers would optimize medication delivery into the intracellular compartment before optimizing intra-tumour distribution. Other novel treatment possibilities for ovarian cancer include tumour vaccines, gene therapy, targeting epigenetic alteration, and biologically targeted compounds. These characteristics might enhance the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saika Saman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Nimisha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Mohd Yasir
- Department of Pharmacy (Pharmaceutics), College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
| | - Iti Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, I.T.S College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, India
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Sasso J, Tenchov R, Bird R, Iyer KA, Ralhan K, Rodriguez Y, Zhou QA. The Evolving Landscape of Antibody-Drug Conjugates: In Depth Analysis of Recent Research Progress. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:1951-2000. [PMID: 37821099 PMCID: PMC10655051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are targeted immunoconjugate constructs that integrate the potency of cytotoxic drugs with the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies, minimizing damage to healthy cells and reducing systemic toxicity. Their design allows for higher doses of the cytotoxic drug to be administered, potentially increasing efficacy. They are currently among the most promising drug classes in oncology, with efforts to expand their application for nononcological indications and in combination therapies. Here we provide a detailed overview of the recent advances in ADC research and consider future directions and challenges in promoting this promising platform to widespread therapeutic use. We examine data from the CAS Content Collection, the largest human-curated collection of published scientific information, and analyze the publication landscape of recent research to reveal the exploration trends in published documents and to provide insights into the scientific advances in the area. We also discuss the evolution of the key concepts in the field, the major technologies, and their development pipelines with company research focuses, disease targets, development stages, and publication and investment trends. A comprehensive concept map has been created based on the documents in the CAS Content Collection. We hope that this report can serve as a useful resource for understanding the current state of knowledge in the field of ADCs and the remaining challenges to fulfill their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
M. Sasso
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Rumiana Tenchov
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Robert Bird
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | | | | | - Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- CAS,
A Division of the American Chemical Society, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Huang J, Ji X. Never a dull enzyme, RNA polymerase II. Transcription 2023; 14:49-67. [PMID: 37132022 PMCID: PMC10353340 DOI: 10.1080/21541264.2023.2208023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is composed of 12 subunits that collaborate to synthesize mRNA within the nucleus. Pol II is widely recognized as a passive holoenzyme, with the molecular functions of its subunits largely ignored. Recent studies employing auxin-inducible degron (AID) and multi-omics techniques have revealed that the functional diversity of Pol II is achieved through the differential contributions of its subunits to various transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. By regulating these processes in a coordinated manner through its subunits, Pol II can optimize its activity for diverse biological functions. Here, we review recent progress in understanding Pol II subunits and their dysregulation in diseases, Pol II heterogeneity, Pol II clusters and the regulatory roles of RNA polymerases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Yu J, Lan L, Liu C, Zhu X. Improved prediction of prognosis and therapy response for lung adenocarcinoma after identification of DNA-directed RNA polymerase-associated lncRNAs. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12737-12754. [PMID: 37453971 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-directed RNA polymerase (DDRP) related genes and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Therefore, we aimed to construct a DDRP-associated lncRNA model to predict the prognosis of LUAD and to evaluate its sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. METHODS To construct a predictive signature, we used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, as well as the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The prognostic model was verified by applying the ROC curve analysis, Kaplan-Meier analysis, GO/KEGG analysis, and a predictive nomogram. Eventually, immunotherapy and drug susceptibility were examined and stemness indices were analyzed. RESULTS 24 DDRP-associated lncRNAs were found as independent prognosis factors, which may be further developed as potential therapeutic vaccines for LUAD. The area under the ROC curve and the conformance index showed that the constructed model can predict the prognosis of LUAD patients. The predicted incidences of overall survival showed perfect conformance. And there were significant changes in immunological markers between the two risk subgroups in the model. Finally, an analysis of 50% maximum inhibitory concentration between the two risk subgroups showed that the high-risk subgroup was more sensitive to certain chemotherapy drugs. CONCLUSION We constructed a model that accurately predicts the outcomes of LUAD based on 24 DDRP-related lncRNAs and provided promising treatment options for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaao Yu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
- Computational Systems Biology Lab (CSBL), Institute of Bioinformatics, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqiang Lan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Qingdao Sixth People's Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixin Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab (CSBL), Institute of Bioinformatics, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.
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13
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Li XL, Xie Y, Chen YL, Zhang ZM, Tao YF, Li G, Wu D, Wang HR, Zhuo R, Pan JJ, Yu JJ, Jia SQ, Zhang Z, Feng CX, Wang JW, Fang F, Qian GH, Lu J, Hu SY, Li ZH, Pan J. The RNA polymerase II subunit B (RPB2) functions as a growth regulator in human glioblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 674:170-182. [PMID: 37423037 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The growth of GBM cells depends on the core transcriptional apparatus, thus rendering RNA polymerase (RNA pol) complex as a candidate therapeutic target. The RNA pol II subunit B (POLR2B) gene encodes the second largest subunit of the RNA pol II (RPB2); however, its genomic status and function in GBM remain unclear. Certain GBM data sets in cBioPortal were used for investigating the genomic status and expression of POLR2B in GBM. The function of RPB2 was analyzed following knockdown of POLR2B expression by shRNA in GBM cells. The cell counting kit-8 assay and PI staining were used for cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis. A xenograft mouse model was established to analyze the function of RPB2 in vivo. RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the RPB2-regulated genes. GO and GSEA analyses were applied to investigate the RPB2-regulated gene function and associated pathways. In the present study, the genomic alteration and overexpression of the POLR2B gene was described in glioblastoma. The data indicated that knockdown of POLR2B expression suppressed tumor cell growth of glioblastoma in vitro and in vivo. The analysis further demonstrated the identification of the RPB2-regulated gene sets and highlighted the DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 gene as the downstream target of the POLR2B gene. The present study provides evidence indicating that RPB2 functions as a growth regulator in glioblastoma and could be used as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China; School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Zi-Mu Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Gen Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Hai-Rong Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Ran Zhuo
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Yu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Si-Qi Jia
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China; School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Chen-Xi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China; Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, Jiangsu Province, 215003, China.
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14
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Bhandari N, Acharya D, Chatterjee A, Mandve L, Kumar P, Pratap S, Malakar P, Shukla SK. Pan-cancer integrated bioinformatic analysis of RNA polymerase subunits reveal RNA Pol I member CD3EAP regulates cell growth by modulating autophagy. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1986-2002. [PMID: 37795959 PMCID: PMC10761113 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2265676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription is a crucial stage in gene expression. An integrated study of 34 RNA polymerase subunits (RNAPS) in the six most frequent cancer types identified several genetic and epigenetic modification. We discovered nine mutant RNAPS with a mutation frequency of more than 1% in at least one tumor type. POLR2K and POLR2H were found to be amplified and overexpressed, whereas POLR3D was deleted and downregulated. Multiple RNAPS were also observed to be regulated by variations in promoter methylation. 5-Aza-2-deoxycytidine mediated re-expression in cell lines verified methylation-driven inhibition of POLR2F and POLR2L expression in BRCA and NSCLC, respectively. Next, we showed that CD3EAP, a Pol I subunit, was overexpressed in all cancer types and was associated with worst survival in breast, liver, lung, and prostate cancers. The knockdown studies showed that CD3EAP is required for cell proliferation and induces autophagy but not apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition rescued the cell proliferation in CD3EAP knockdown cells. CD3EAP expression correlated with S and G2 phase cell cycle regulators, and CD3EAP knockdown inhibited the expression of S and G2 CDK/cyclins. We also identified POLR2D, an RNA pol II subunit, as a commonly overexpressed and prognostic gene in multiple cancers. POLR2D knockdown also decreased cell proliferation. POLR2D is related to the transcription of just a subset of RNA POL II transcribe genes, indicating a distinct role. Taken together, we have shown the genetic and epigenetic regulation of RNAPS genes in most common tumors. We have also demonstrated the cancer-specific function of CD3EAP and POLR2D genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Disha Acharya
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Annesha Chatterjee
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Lakshana Mandve
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Pranjal Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Shreesh Pratap
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational Research Institute (RKMVERI), Kolkata, India
| | - Sudhanshu K. Shukla
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Dharwad, India
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15
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Lyons MJ, Ehrhardt C, Walsh JJ. Orellanine: From Fungal Origin to a Potential Future Cancer Treatment. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1620-1631. [PMID: 37308446 PMCID: PMC10294258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal metabolites represent an underutilized resource in the development of novel anticancer drugs. This review will focus on the promising fungal nephrotoxin orellanine, found in mushrooms including Cortinarius orellanus (Fools webcap). Emphasis will be placed on its historical significance, structural features, and associated toxicomechanics. Chromatographic methods for analysis of the compound and its metabolites, its synthesis, and chemotherapeutic potential are also discussed. Although orellanine's exceptional selectivity for proximal tubular cells is well documented, the mechanics of its toxicity in kidney tissue remains disputed. Here, the most commonly proposed hypotheses are detailed in the context of the molecule's structure, the symptoms seen following ingestion, and its characteristic prolonged latency period. Chromatographic analysis of orellanine and its related substances remains challenging, while biological evaluation of the compound is complicated by uncertainty regarding the role of active metabolites. This has limited efforts to structurally refine the molecule; despite numerous established methods for its synthesis, there is minimal published material on how orellanine's structure might be optimized for therapeutic use. Despite these obstacles, orellanine has generated promising data in preclinical studies of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma, leading to the early 2022 announcement of phase I/II trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Lyons
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John J. Walsh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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16
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Ghorbaninejad M, Asadzadeh-Aghdaei H, Baharvand H, Meyfour A. Intestinal organoids: A versatile platform for modeling gastrointestinal diseases and monitoring epigenetic alterations. Life Sci 2023; 319:121506. [PMID: 36858311 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Considering the significant limitations of conventional 2D cell cultures and tissue in vitro models, creating intestinal organoids has burgeoned as an ideal option to recapitulate the heterogeneity of the native intestinal epithelium. Intestinal organoids can be developed from either tissue-resident adult stem cells (ADSs) or pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in both forms induced PSCs and embryonic stem cells. Here, we review current advances in the development of intestinal organoids that have led to a better recapitulation of the complexity, physiology, morphology, function, and microenvironment of the intestine. We discuss current applications of intestinal organoids with an emphasis on disease modeling. In particular, we point out recent studies on SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal organoids. We also discuss the less explored application of intestinal organoids in epigenetics by highlighting the role of epigenetic modifications in intestinal development, homeostasis, and diseases, and subsequently the power of organoids in mirroring the regulatory role of epigenetic mechanisms in these conditions and introducing novel predictive/diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we propose 3D organoid models to evaluate the effects of novel epigenetic drugs (epi-drugs) on the treatment of GI diseases where epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in disease development and progression, particularly in colorectal cancer treatment and epigenetically acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ghorbaninejad
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Antibody Drug Conjugates in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer J 2022; 28:488-495. [DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Li Y, Huang J, Zhu J, Bao L, Wang H, Jiang Y, Tian K, Wang R, Zheng H, Duan W, Lai W, Yi X, Zhu Y, Guo T, Ji X. Targeted protein degradation reveals RNA Pol II heterogeneity and functional diversity. Mol Cell 2022; 82:3943-3959.e11. [PMID: 36113479 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) subunits are thought to be involved in various transcription-associated processes, but it is unclear whether they play different regulatory roles in modulating gene expression. Here, we performed nascent and mature transcript sequencing after the acute degradation of 12 mammalian RNA Pol II subunits and profiled their genomic binding sites and protein interactomes to dissect their molecular functions. We found that RNA Pol II subunits contribute differently to RNA Pol II cellular localization and transcription processes and preferentially regulate RNA processing (such as RNA splicing and 3' end maturation). Genes sensitive to the depletion of different RNA Pol II subunits tend to be involved in diverse biological functions and show different RNA half-lives. Sequences, associated protein factors, and RNA structures are correlated with RNA Pol II subunit-mediated differential gene expression. These findings collectively suggest that the heterogeneity of RNA Pol II and different genes appear to depend on some of the subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lijun Bao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongpeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haonan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenJia Duan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Weifeng Lai
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Yi
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tiannan Guo
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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19
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van der Noord VE, van de Water B, Le Dévédec SE. Targeting the Heterogeneous Genomic Landscape in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer through Inhibitors of the Transcriptional Machinery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4353. [PMID: 36139513 PMCID: PMC9496798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer defined by lack of the estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Although TNBC tumors contain a wide variety of oncogenic mutations and copy number alterations, the direct targeting of these alterations has failed to substantially improve therapeutic efficacy. This efficacy is strongly limited by interpatient and intratumor heterogeneity, and thereby a lack in uniformity of targetable drivers. Most of these genetic abnormalities eventually drive specific transcriptional programs, which may be a general underlying vulnerability. Currently, there are multiple selective inhibitors, which target the transcriptional machinery through transcriptional cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) 7, 8, 9, 12 and 13 and bromodomain extra-terminal motif (BET) proteins, including BRD4. In this review, we discuss how inhibitors of the transcriptional machinery can effectively target genetic abnormalities in TNBC, and how these abnormalities can influence sensitivity to these inhibitors. These inhibitors target the genomic landscape in TNBC by specifically suppressing MYC-driven transcription, inducing further DNA damage, improving anti-cancer immunity, and preventing drug resistance against MAPK and PI3K-targeted therapies. Because the transcriptional machinery enables transcription and propagation of multiple cancer drivers, it may be a promising target for (combination) treatment, especially of heterogeneous malignancies, including TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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20
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Achreja A, Yu T, Mittal A, Choppara S, Animasahun O, Nenwani M, Wuchu F, Meurs N, Mohan A, Jeon JH, Sarangi I, Jayaraman A, Owen S, Kulkarni R, Cusato M, Weinberg F, Kweon HK, Subramanian C, Wicha MS, Merajver SD, Nagrath S, Cho KR, DiFeo A, Lu X, Nagrath D. Metabolic collateral lethal target identification reveals MTHFD2 paralogue dependency in ovarian cancer. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1119-1137. [PMID: 36131208 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00636-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent loss-of-function deletions cause frequent inactivation of tumour suppressor genes but often also involve the collateral deletion of essential genes in chromosomal proximity, engendering dependence on paralogues that maintain similar function. Although these paralogues are attractive anticancer targets, no methodology exists to uncover such collateral lethal genes. Here we report a framework for collateral lethal gene identification via metabolic fluxes, CLIM, and use it to reveal MTHFD2 as a collateral lethal gene in UQCR11-deleted ovarian tumours. We show that MTHFD2 has a non-canonical oxidative function to provide mitochondrial NAD+, and demonstrate the regulation of systemic metabolic activity by the paralogue metabolic pathway maintaining metabolic flux compensation. This UQCR11-MTHFD2 collateral lethality is confirmed in vivo, with MTHFD2 inhibition leading to complete remission of UQCR11-deleted ovarian tumours. Using CLIM's machine learning and genome-scale metabolic flux analysis, we elucidate the broad efficacy of targeting MTHFD2 despite distinct cancer genetic profiles co-occurring with UQCR11 deletion and irrespective of stromal compositions of tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Achreja
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Anjali Mittal
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srinadh Choppara
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Olamide Animasahun
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Minal Nenwani
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fulei Wuchu
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noah Meurs
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jin Heon Jeon
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Itisam Sarangi
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anusha Jayaraman
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sarah Owen
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Reva Kulkarni
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michele Cusato
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank Weinberg
- Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hye Kyong Kweon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chitra Subramanian
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sofia D Merajver
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kathleen R Cho
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Analisa DiFeo
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin & Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Deepak Nagrath
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Human Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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21
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Paparella R, Caroleo AM, Agolini E, Chillemi G, Miele E, Pedace L, Rinelli M, Pizzi S, Boccuto L, Colafati GS, Lodi M, Cacchione A, Carai A, Digilio MC, Tomà P, Tartaglia M, Mastronuzzi A. Posterior fossa ependymoma in neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by a de novo germline pathogenic POLR2A variant. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2796-2802. [PMID: 35689525 PMCID: PMC9543264 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric brain tumor. Predisposition to develop ependymomas has been reported in different hereditary diseases, but the pathogenic variants related to the familial syndromes have rarely been detected in sporadic ependymomas. De novo variants in POLR2A, the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II, cause a neurodevelopmental disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations, characterized by severe infantile-onset hypotonia, developmental delay, feeding difficulties, palatal anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms. As somatic events, POLR2A mutations represent a recurrent somatic lesion in benign meningiomas. Here we describe a case of ependymoma in a 2-year-old male with a de novo pathogenic variant in POLR2A predicted to impair proper interaction of the subunit with transcription-elongation factor TFIIS, whose function is required for back-tracking of the enzyme due to elongation blocks or nucleotide misincorporation, and expected to result in an increased error and reduced elongation rates. To date, ependymoma has never been reported in patients harboring pathogenic POLR2A variants. Further information is required to explore the possibility of a differential clinical and functional impact of the pathogenic POLR2A variants and the eventual inclusion of the POLR2A neurodevelopmental disorder among the cancer predisposition syndromes with the possible development of ependymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paparella
- Department of Maternal and Child Health and UrologySapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Anna Maria Caroleo
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic TransplantBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Giovanni Chillemi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agri‐food and Forestry SystemsTuscia UniversityViterboItaly,Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular BiotechnologiesNational Research CenterBariItaly
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic TransplantBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic TransplantBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Martina Rinelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- School of Nursing, College of Behavioral, Social and Health SciencesClemson UniversityClemsonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Mariachiara Lodi
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic TransplantBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Antonella Cacchione
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic TransplantBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Paolo Tomà
- Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's HospitalIRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Onco‐Hematology, Cell Therapy, Gene Therapy and Hemopoietic TransplantBambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
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22
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Moshnikova A, Golijanin B, Amin A, Doyle J, Kott O, Gershman B, DuPont M, Li Y, Lu X, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Golijanin D. Targeting Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma with pHLIP-ICG and Inhibition of Urothelial Cancer Cell Proliferation by pHLIP-amanitin. FRONTIERS IN UROLOGY 2022; 2:868919. [PMID: 36439552 PMCID: PMC9691284 DOI: 10.3389/fruro.2022.868919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Acidity is a useful biomarker for the targeting of metabolically active-cells in tumors. pH Low Insertion Peptides (pHLIPs) sense the pH at the surfaces of tumor cells and can facilitate intracellular delivery of cell-permeable and cell-impermeable cargo molecules. In this study we have shown the targeting of malignant lesions in human bladders by fluorescent pHLIP agents, intracellular delivery of amanitin toxin by pHLIP for the inhibition of urothelial cancer cell proliferation, and enhanced potency of pHLIP-amanitin for cancer cells with 17p loss, a mutation frequently present in urothelial cancers. Twenty-eight ex-vivo bladder specimens, from patients undergoing robotic assisted laparoscopic radical cystectomy for bladder cancer, were treated via intravesical incubation for 15-60 minutes with pHLIP conjugated to indocyanine green (ICG) or IR-800 near infrared fluorescent (NIRF) dyes at concentrations of 4-8 μM. White light cystoscopy identified 47/58 (81%) and NIRF pHLIP cystoscopy identified 57/58 (98.3%) of malignant lesions of different subtypes and stages selected for histopathological processing. pHLIP NIRF imaging improved diagnosis by 17.3% (p < 0.05). All carcinoma-in-situ cases missed by white light cystoscopy were targeted by pHLIP agents and were diagnosed by NIRF imaging. We also investigated the interactions of pHLIP-amanitin with urothelial cancer cells of different grades. pHLIP-amanitin produced concentration- and pH-dependent inhibition of the proliferation of urothelial cancer cells treated for 2 hrs at concentrations up to 4 μM. A 3-4x enhanced cytotoxicity of pHLIP-amanitin was observed for cells with a 17p loss after 2 hrs of treatment at pH6. Potentially, pHLIP technology may improve the management of urothelial cancers, including imaging of malignant lesions using pHLIP-ICG for diagnosis and surgery, and the use of pHLIP-amanitin for treatment of superficial bladder cancers via intravesical instillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Borivoj Golijanin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ali Amin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Joshua Doyle
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
- Current address: Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ohad Kott
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Boris Gershman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Current address: Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael DuPont
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin & Bren Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Donald M. Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | | | - Dragan Golijanin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Brown University, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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23
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Genes and evolutionary fates of the amanitin biosynthesis pathway in poisonous mushrooms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201113119. [PMID: 35533275 PMCID: PMC9171917 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201113119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Why do unrelated poisonous mushrooms (Amanita, Galerina, and Lepiota) make the same deadly toxin, α-amanitin? One of the most effective and fast strategies for organisms to acquire new abilities is through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). With the help of genome sequencing and the finding of two genes for the amanitin biosynthetic pathway, we demonstrate that the pathway distribution resulted from HGT probably through an unknown ancestral fungal donor. In Amanita mushrooms, the pathway evolved, through a series of gene manipulations, to produce very high levels of toxins, generating “the deadliest mushroom known to mankind.” The deadly toxin α-amanitin is a bicyclic octapeptide biosynthesized on ribosomes. A phylogenetically disjunct group of mushrooms in Agaricales (Amanita, Lepiota, and Galerina) synthesizes α-amanitin. This distribution of the toxin biosynthetic pathway is possibly related to the horizontal transfer of metabolic gene clusters among taxonomically unrelated mushrooms with overlapping habitats. Here, our work confirms that two biosynthetic genes, P450-29 and FMO1, are oxygenases important for amanitin biosynthesis. Phylogenetic and genetic analyses of these genes strongly support their origin through horizontal transfer, as is the case for the previously characterized biosynthetic genes MSDIN and POPB. Our analysis of multiple genomes showed that the evolution of the α-amanitin biosynthetic pathways in the poisonous agarics in the Amanita, Lepiota, and Galerina clades entailed distinct evolutionary pathways including gene family expansion, biosynthetic genes, and genomic rearrangements. Unrelated poisonous fungi produce the same deadly amanitin toxins using variations of the same pathway. Furthermore, the evolution of the amanitin biosynthetic pathway(s) in Amanita species generates a much wider range of toxic cyclic peptides. The results reported here expand our understanding of the genetics, diversity, and evolution of the toxin biosynthetic pathway in fungi.
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24
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Yang L, WenTao T, ZhiYuan Z, Qi L, YuXiang L, Peng Z, Ke L, XiaoNa J, YuZhi P, MeiLing J, QingYang F, GuoDong H, YueXiang W, JianMin X. Cullin-9/p53 mediates HNRNPC degradation to inhibit erastin-induced ferroptosis and is blocked by MDM2 inhibition in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3210-3221. [PMID: 35505093 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer associated death worldwide. Ferroptosis is a newly defined form of regulated cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides and exerts an increased attention for cancer treatment. However, little is known about ferroptosis in CRC. In this study, through whole genome sequencing and external differential differentiated expression analysis, we identify CUL9 as a novel important modulator for ferroptosis in CRC. Here we demonstrated that CUL9 can binds p53 to ubiquitylate heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C for degradation. Overexpression of CUL9 increases resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis. Then, we discovered this resistance was mediated by CUL9-HNRNPC-MATE1 negative loop, which can provide us with a novel target to overcome drug resistance to ferroptosis activators. Finally, we found that targeting MDM2 was developed as an effective strategy to destroy precious drug-resistant CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tang WenTao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhang ZhiYuan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Luo YuXiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia XiaoNa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pang YuZhi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji MeiLing
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng QingYang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - He GuoDong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Wang YueXiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xu JianMin
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Colorectal Cancer Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Chen L, Tian B, Liu W, Liang H, You Y, Liu W. Molecular Biomarker of Drug Resistance Developed From Patient-Derived Organoids Predicts Survival of Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:855674. [PMID: 35425715 PMCID: PMC9004628 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.855674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) is the critical composition of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatments. Prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers for CRC patients (CRCpts) treated with 5-Fu-based chemotherapy can provide assistance for tailoring treatment approach. Here, we established a molecular biomarker of 5-Fu resistance derived from colorectal cancer organoids (CRCOs) for predicting the survival of CRCpts. Forty-one CRCO cultures were generated from 50 CRC tumor tissues after surgery (82%). The following experiments revealed a great diversity in drug sensitivity for 10 μM 5-Fu treatment tested by using organoid size change. Fourteen cases (34.1%) were 5-Fu sensitive and the other 27 (65.9%) were resistant. Then, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with 5-Fu resistance were outputted by transcriptome sequencing. In particular, DEGs were generated in two comparison groups: 1) 5-Fu sensitive and resistant untreated CRCOs; 2) CRCOs before 5-Fu treatment and surviving CRCOs after 5-Fu treatment. Some molecules and most of the pathways that have been reported to be involved in 5-Fu resistance were identified in the current research. By using DEGs correlated with 5-Fu resistance and survival of CRCpts, the gene signature and drug-resistant score model (DRSM) containing five molecules were established in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-CRC cohort by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and 5-fold cross-validation. Multivariate analysis revealed that drug-resistant score (DRS) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in CRCpts in TCGA-CRC cohort (P < 0.001). Further validation results from four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts elucidated that the DRSM based on five genes related to 5-Fu chemosensitivity and developed from patient-derived organoids can predict survival of CRCpts. Meanwhile, our model could predict the survival of CRCpts in different subgroups. Besides, the difference of molecular pathways, tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune response-related pathways, immune score, stromal score, and immune cell proportion were dissected between DRS-high and DRS-low patients in TCGA-CRC cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Chen
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Haitao Liang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong You
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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26
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Xu J, Liu Y, Liu S, Ou W, White A, Stewart S, Tkaczuk KH, Ellis LM, Wan J, Lu X, He X. Metformin Bicarbonate-Mediated Efficient RNAi for Precise Targeting of TP53 Deficiency in Colon and Rectal Cancers. NANO TODAY 2022; 43:101406. [PMID: 35251293 PMCID: PMC8896823 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Colon and rectal cancers are the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the United States and effective targeted therapies are in need for treating them. Our genomic analyses show hemizygous deletion of TP53, an important tumor suppressor gene, is highly frequent in both cancers, and the 5-year survival of patients with the more prevalent colon cancer is significantly reduced in the patients with the cancer harboring such deletion, although such reduction is not observed for rectal cancer. Unfortunately, direct targeting TP53 has been unsuccessful for cancer therapy. Interestingly, POLR2A, a gene essential for cell survival and proliferation, is almost always deleted together with TP53 in colon and rectal cancers. Therefore, RNA interference (RNAi) with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to precisely target/inhibit POLR2A may be an effective strategy for selectively killing cancer cells with TP53 deficiency. However, the difficulty of delivering siRNAs specifically into the cytosol where they perform their function, is a major barrier for siRNA-based therapies. Here, metformin bicarbonate (MetC) is synthesized to develop pH-responsive MetC-nanoparticles with a unique "bomb" for effective cytosolic delivery of POLR2A siRNA, which greatly facilitates its endo/lysosomal escape into the cytosol and augments its therapeutic efficacy of cancer harboring TP53 deficiency. Moreover, the MetC-based nanoparticles without functional siRNA show notable therapeutic effect with no evident toxicity or immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Xu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology, and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of China National Ministry of Education, Research Center for Air Pollution and Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Wenquan Ou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alisa White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Samantha Stewart
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Katherine H.R. Tkaczuk
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Lee M. Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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27
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Yang R, Chen H, Xing L, Wang B, Hu M, Ou X, Chen H, Deng Y, Liu D, Jiang R, Chen J. Hypoxia-induced circWSB1 promotes breast cancer progression through destabilizing p53 by interacting with USP10. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:88. [PMID: 35351136 PMCID: PMC8961958 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01567-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia has long been considered as a hallmark of solid tumors and is closely associated with tumor progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as a critical modulator in various cancers. However, the connections between hypoxia and circRNAs are largely unknown. Methods Here, we investigated the expression profile of circRNAs in breast cancer (BC) MCF-7 cells under hypoxia and normoxia using microarray. We identified a novel hypoxia-responsive circRNA named circWSB1, whose expression pattern, potential diagnostic value and prognostic significance were assessed by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Loss- and gain-of-function investigations in vivo and in vitro were performed to determine the biological functions of circWSB1. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase reporter assays were carried out to analyze the biogenesis of circWSB1. Furthermore, biotin-labeled RNA pull-down, mass spectrometry, RNA immunoprecipitation, fluorescent in situ hybridization, RNA electrophoretic mobility shift, deletion-mapping, co-immunoprecipitation assays and rescue experiments were applied to investigate the interaction between circWSB1 and Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 10 (USP10) as well as the relationship between USP10 and p53. Results We found that the expression of circWSB1 was significantly upregulated in BC tissues and correlated with poor clinical outcomes, which might serve as an independent prognostic factor for BC patients. Ectopic expression of circWSB1 promoted the proliferation of BC cell in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circWSB1 was transcriptionally upregulated by HIF1α in response to hypoxia and could competitively bind to deubiquitinase USP10 to prevent the access of p53 to USP10 in BC cells, leading to degradation of p53 and tumor progression of BC. Conclusions Taken together, our findings disclose a novel mechanism that hypoxia-inducible circWSB1 could interact with USP10 to attenuate USP10 mediated p53 stabilization and promote the progression of BC, providing an alternative prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for BC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01567-z.
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28
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Wen X, Shi C, Zeng X, Zhao L, Yao L, Liu Z, Feng L, Zhang D, Huang J, Li Y, Lin Q, Chen H, Zhuang R, Chen X, Zhang X, Guo Z. A paradigm of cancer immunotherapy based on 2-[18F]FDG and anti-PD-L1 mAb combination to enhance the anti-tumor effect. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2923-2937. [PMID: 35320358 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Efforts have been devoted to select eligible candidates for PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blocker (ICB) immunotherapy. Here, we have a serendipitous finding of positron emitting tomography (PET) imaging tracer 2-[18F]FDG as a potential immunomodulator. Therefore, we hypothesize that 2-[18F]FDG could induce PD-L1 expression change and create an immune-favorable microenvironment for tumor immunotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We designed a series of assays to verify PD-L1 upregulation, and tested immunotherapy regimens based on 2-[18F]FDG and anti-PD-L1 mAb, as monotherapy and in combination, in fully immunocompetent mice of MC38 and CT26 models. PD-L1 expression and tumor microenvironment (TME) changes were analyzed by western blot, transcriptomics study and flow-cytometric analysis. RESULTS PD-L1 was upregulated in a time- and dose-dependent manner after being induced by 2-[18F]FDG. The activation of NF-κB/IRF3 pathway and STAT1/3-IRF1 pathway play crucial parts in modulating PD-L1 expression after DNA damage and repair. Improved αPD-L1 mAb utilization rate and significant tumor growth delay were observed when the personalized therapeutic alliance of 2-[18F]FDG stimulation and ICB were employed. In addition, combination of 2-[18F]FDG with αPD-L1 mAb could reprogram a TME from "cold" to "hot", to make low immunoactivity tumors sensitive to ICB therapy. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this promising paradigm has the potential to expand the traditional tumor theranostics. [18F]FDG-based ICB immunotherapy is highly significant in enhancing anti-tumor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Liang Zhao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lanlin Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhida Liu
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan, China
| | | | | | | | - Yesen Li
- Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qin Lin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haojun Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- National University of Singapore, Sinagpore, Singapore
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29
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Wei J, Zheng X, Li W, Li X, Fu Z. Sestrin2 reduces cancer stemness via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:75. [PMID: 35148781 PMCID: PMC8840770 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in both men and women in China. In previous studies, Sestrin2 was demonstrated to have functions in CRC. However, the relationship between Sestrin2 and cancer stemness has not been reported. Methods and results To investigate the contribution of Sestrin2 in CRC, we performed bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets and found that Sestrin2 was downregulated in CRC. Using a lentivirus vector, we verified that Sestrin2 suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Furthermore, sphere formation, flow cytometry, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis verified the influence of Sestrin2 on cancer stemness, including the expression of cluster of differentiation 44, octamer-binding transcription factor 4, sex-determining region Y-Box 2, CXC chemokine receptor 4, and the Wnt pathway downstream factors β-catenin and c-Myc. Consistently, the Wnt pathway activator BML-284 partially rescued the effects of Sestrin2 on the expression of proteins related to cancer stemness. Furthermore, in a mouse xenoplant model, tumors expressing Sestrin2 were significantly reduced in size with corresponding changes in cancer stemness. Conclusions Collectively, our results suggest that Sestrin2 inhibits CRC cell progression by downregulating the Wnt signaling pathway. Thus, Sestrin2 may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02498-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlai Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiangru Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongxue Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Wang H, Wang X, Xu L, Zhang J. TP53 inhibitor PFTα increases the sensitivity of arsenic trioxide in TP53 wild type tumor cells. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:616-626. [PMID: 35030298 PMCID: PMC8886521 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been shown to be effective in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. TP53 mutated/null tumor cells are more sensitive to ATO treatment compared to tumor cells carrying wild type TP53 gene copies. However, it is unclear whether TP53 inhibitors can increase the sensitivity of TP53 wild type tumor cells to ATO. Here, we show that breast, colon and lung cancer cell lines with mutated/null TP53 are more sensitive to ATO-induced cell growth inhibition than cells with wild type TP53. Moreover, inhibition of TP53 by a TP53 inhibitor, PFTα, increased the ATO sensitivity of TP53 wild type tumor cells, coincident with ATO-induced cell growth arrest and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, combined treatment with ATO and PFTα synergistically inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenografts in vivo. Through microarray transcriptional analysis, we found that ATO-regulated genes were associated with TP53 and cell cycle signaling pathways. Co-treatment with PFTα enhanced ATO induced dynamic transcriptional changes. Overall, our results provide evidences in using TP53 chemical inhibitors to enhance the ATO-mediated therapeutic response against TP53 wild type tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Xinrui Wang
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Research Center, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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31
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Bayat Z, Ahmadi-Motamayel F, Parsa MS, Taherkhani A. Potential biomarkers and signaling pathways associated with the pathogenesis of primary salivary gland carcinoma: a bioinformatics study. Genomics Inform 2022; 19:e42. [PMID: 35012286 PMCID: PMC8752977 DOI: 10.5808/gi.21052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is rare cancer, constituting 6% of neoplasms in the head and neck area. The most responsible genes and pathways involved in the pathology of this disorder have not been fully understood. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the most critical hub genes, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and biological processes (BPs) associated with the pathogenesis of primary SGC. The mRNA dataset GSE153283 in the Gene Expression Omnibus database was re-analyzed for determining DEGs in cancer tissue of patients with primary SGC compared to the adjacent normal tissue (adjusted p-value < 0.001; |Log2 fold change| > 1). A protein interaction map (PIM) was built, and the main modules within the network were identified and focused on the different pathways and BP analyses. The hub genes of PIM were discovered, and their associated gene regulatory network was built to determine the master regulators involved in the pathogenesis of primary SGC. A total of 137 genes were found to be differentially expressed in primary SGC. The most significant pathways and BPs that were deregulated in the primary disease condition were associated with the cell cycle and fibroblast proliferation procedures. TP53, EGF, FN1, NOTCH1, EZH2, COL1A1, SPP1, CDKN2A, WNT5A, PDGFRB, CCNB1, and H2AFX were demonstrated to be the most critical genes linked with the primary SGC. SPIB, FOXM1, and POLR2A significantly regulate all the hub genes. This study illustrated several hub genes and their master regulators that might be appropriate targets for the therapeutic aims of primary SGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Bayat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi-Motamayel
- Dental Implants Research Center and Dental Research Center, Department of Oral Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Salimi Parsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
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Martinez JD, Mo Q, Xu Y, Qin L, Li Y, Xu J. Common Genomic Aberrations in Mouse and Human Breast Cancers with Concurrent P53 Deficiency and Activated PTEN-PI3K-AKT Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:229-241. [PMID: 34975329 PMCID: PMC8692138 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.65763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous P53 loss and activation of the PTEN-restricted PI3K-AKT pathway frequently occur in aggressive breast cancers. P53 loss causes genome instability, while PTEN loss and/or activating mutations of PIK3CA and AKT promote cancer cell proliferation that also increases incidences of genomic aberrations. However, the genomic alterations associated with P53 loss and activated PTEN-PI3K-AKT signaling in breast cancer have not been defined. Spatiotemporally controlled breast cancer models with inactivation of both P53 and Pten in adult mice have not been established for studying genomic alterations. Herein, we deleted both floxed Pten and Tp53 genes in the mammary gland epithelial cells in adult mice using a RCAS virus-mediated Cre-expressing system. These mice developed small tumors in 21 weeks, and poorly differentiated larger tumors in 26 weeks. In these tumors, we identified 360 genes mutated by nonsynonymous point mutations and small insertions and deletions (NSPMs/InDels), 435 genes altered by copy number amplifications (CNAs), and 450 genes inactivated by copy number deletions (CNDs). Importantly, 22.2%, 75.9% and 27.3% of these genes were also altered in human breast tumors with P53 and PTEN losses or P53 loss and activated PI3K-AKT signaling by NSPMs/InDels, CNAs and CNDs, respectively. Therefore, inactivation of P53 and Pten in adult mice causes rapid-growing breast tumors, and these tumors recapitulate a significant number of genetic aberrations in human breast tumors with inactivated P53 and activated PTEN-PI3K-AKT signaling. Further characterization of these commonly altered genes in breast cancer should help to identify novel cancer-driving genes and molecular targets for developing therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod D Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Qianxing Mo
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yixiang Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Li Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Jiang Q, Zhang J, Li F, Ma X, Wu F, Miao J, Li Q, Wang X, Sun R, Yang Y, Zhao L, Huang C. POLR2A Promotes the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells by Advancing the Overall Cell Cycle Progression. Front Genet 2021; 12:688575. [PMID: 34899822 PMCID: PMC8655910 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A) is the largest subunit encoding RNA polymerase II and closely related to cancer progression. However, the biological role and underlying molecular mechanism of POLR2A in gastric cancer (GC) are still unclear. Our study demonstrated that POLR2A was highly expressed in GC tissue and promoted the proliferation of GC in vitro and in vivo. We also found that POLR2A participated in the transcriptional regulation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) at each stage and promoted their expression, indicated POLR2A’s overall promotion of cell cycle progression. Moreover, POLR2A inhibited GC cell apoptosis and promoted GC cell migration. Our results indicate that POLR2A play an oncogene role in GC, which may be an important factor involved in the occurrence and development of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fang Li
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiyu Miao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Biomedical Experiment Center, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruifang Sun
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Analysis, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Institute of Genetics and Development Biology, Translational Medcine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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35
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Zhou Z, Van der Jeught K, Fang Y, Yu T, Li Y, Ao Z, Liu S, Zhang L, Yang Y, Eyvani H, Cox ML, Wang X, He X, Ji G, Schneider BP, Guo F, Wan J, Zhang X, Lu X. An organoid-based screen for epigenetic inhibitors that stimulate antigen presentation and potentiate T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Nat Biomed Eng 2021; 5:1320-1335. [PMID: 34725507 PMCID: PMC8647932 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In breast cancer, genetic heterogeneity, the lack of actionable targets and immune evasion all contribute to the limited clinical response rates to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Here, we report a high-throughput screen based on the functional interaction of mouse- or patient-derived breast tumour organoids and tumour-specific cytotoxic T cells for the identification of epigenetic inhibitors that promote antigen presentation and potentiate T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We show that the epigenetic inhibitors GSK-LSD1, CUDC-101 and BML-210, identified by the screen, display antitumour activities in orthotopic mammary tumours in mice, that they upregulate antigen presentation mediated by the major histocompatibility complex class I on breast tumour cells and that treatment with BML-210 substantially sensitized breast tumours to the inhibitor of the checkpoint programmed death-1. Standardized measurements of tumour-cell killing activity facilitated by tumour-organoid-T-cell screens may help with the identification of candidate immunotherapeutics for a range of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuolong Zhou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin Van der Jeught
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yuanzhang Fang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yujing Li
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haniyeh Eyvani
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mary L Cox
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiyu Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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36
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Morita A, Ochi S, Satoh H, Ujita S, Matsushita Y, Tada K, Toyoda M, Nishiyama Y, Mizuno K, Deguchi Y, Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Ueda H, Inaba T, Hosoi Y, Aoki S. A Novel RNA Synthesis Inhibitor, STK160830, Has Negligible DNA-Intercalating Activity for Triggering A p53 Response, and Can Inhibit p53-Dependent Apoptosis. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101087. [PMID: 34685458 PMCID: PMC8539076 DOI: 10.3390/life11101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA synthesis inhibitors and protein synthesis inhibitors are useful for investigating whether biological events with unknown mechanisms require transcription or translation; however, the dependence of RNA synthesis has been difficult to verify because many RNA synthesis inhibitors cause adverse events that trigger a p53 response. In this study, we screened a library containing 9600 core compounds and obtained STK160830 that shows anti-apoptotic effects in irradiated wild-type-p53-bearing human T-cell leukemia MOLT-4 cells and murine thymocytes. In many of the p53-impaired cells and p53-knockdown cells tested, STK160830 did not show a remarkable anti-apoptotic effect, suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity is p53-dependent. In the expression analysis of p53, p53-target gene products, and reference proteins by immunoblotting, STK160830 down-regulated the expression of many of the proteins examined, and the downregulation correlated strongly with its inhibitory effect on cell death. mRNA expression analyses by qPCR and nascent RNA capture kit revealed that STK160830 showed a decreased mRNA expression, which was similar to that induced by the RNA synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D but differed to some extent. Furthermore, unlike other RNA synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D, p53 accumulation by STK160830 alone was negligible, and a DNA melting-curve analysis showed very weak DNA-intercalating activity, indicating that STK160830 is a useful inhibitor for RNA synthesis without triggering p53-mediated damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Morita
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Shintaro Ochi
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hidetoshi Satoh
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Shohei Ujita
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Kasumi Tada
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Mihiro Toyoda
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuichi Nishiyama
- Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (S.O.); (S.U.); (Y.M.); (K.T.); (M.T.); (Y.N.)
| | - Kosuke Mizuno
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Yuichi Deguchi
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Keiji Suzuki
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Hiroshi Ueda
- Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; (Y.D.); (K.S.); (Y.T.); (H.U.)
| | - Toshiya Inaba
- Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan;
| | - Yoshio Hosoi
- Department of Radiation Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
| | - Shin Aoki
- Department of Medicinal and Life Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan; (H.S.); (K.M.); (S.A.)
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Dang L, Geng M, Sun Y, Lu Y, Fang Z, Xiong H, Chen Y. Integrative Cistromic and Transcriptomic Analyses Identify CREB Target Genes in Cystic Renal Epithelial Cells. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2529-2541. [PMID: 34162733 PMCID: PMC8722786 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide mapping of transcription factor (TF) binding sites is essential to identify a TF's direct target genes in kidney development and diseases. However, due to the cellular complexity of the kidney and limited numbers of a given cell type, it has been challenging to determine the binding sites of a TF in vivo. cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is phosphorylated and hyperactive in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). We focus on CREB as an example to profile genomic loci bound by a TF and to identify its target genes using low numbers of specific kidney cells. METHODS Cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) assays were performed with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA)-positive tubular epithelial cells from normal and ADPKD mouse kidneys. Pharmacologic inhibition of CREB with 666-15 and genetic inhibition with A-CREB were undertaken using ADPKD mouse models. RESULTS CUT&RUN to profile genome-wide distribution of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) indicated correlation of p-CREB binding with active histone modifications (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) in cystic epithelial cells. Integrative analysis with CUT&RUN and RNA-sequencing revealed CREB direct targets, including genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of CREB suppressed cyst growth in ADPKD mouse models. CONCLUSIONS CREB promotes cystogenesis by activating ribosome biogenesis genes. CUT&RUN, coupled with transcriptomic analysis, enables interrogation of TF binding and identification of direct TF targets from a low number of specific kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China,Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunjing Liu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Dang
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meijuan Geng
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhan Sun
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lu
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongze Fang
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yupeng Chen
- 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Breitenecker K, Homolya M, Luca AC, Lang V, Trenk C, Petroczi G, Mohrherr J, Horvath J, Moritsch S, Haas L, Kurnaeva M, Eferl R, Stoiber D, Moriggl R, Bilban M, Obenauf AC, Ferran C, Dome B, Laszlo V, Győrffy B, Dezso K, Moldvay J, Casanova E, Moll HP. Down-regulation of A20 promotes immune escape of lung adenocarcinomas. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc3911. [PMID: 34233950 PMCID: PMC7611502 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc3911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a well-known driver of lung tumorigenesis. One strategy by which tumor cells escape tight homeostatic control is by decreasing the expression of the potent anti-inflammatory protein tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), also known as A20. We observed that tumor cell intrinsic loss of A20 markedly enhanced lung tumorigenesis and was associated with reduced CD8+ T cell-mediated immune surveillance in patients with lung cancer and in mouse models. In mice, we observed that this effect was completely dependent on increased cellular sensitivity to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling by aberrant activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and increased downstream expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Interrupting this autocrine feed forward loop by knocking out IFN-α/β receptor completely restored infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and rescued loss of A20 depending tumorigenesis. Downstream of STAT1, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was highly expressed in A20 knockout lung tumors. Accordingly, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment was highly efficient in mice harboring A20-deficient lung tumors. Furthermore, an A20 loss-of-function gene expression signature positively correlated with survival of melanoma patients treated with anti-programmed cell death protein 1. Together, we have identified A20 as a master immune checkpoint regulating the TBK1-STAT1-PD-L1 axis that may be exploited to improve ICB therapy in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Breitenecker
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Homolya
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreea C Luca
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Lang
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Trenk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Petroczi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Mohrherr
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Horvath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Moritsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Haas
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Kurnaeva
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, AT-3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, AT-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna C Obenauf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna Biocenter, AT-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Ferran
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery and the Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Transplant Institute and the Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Balazs Dome
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology and Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- 1st Department of Tumor Biology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, and 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, HU-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, HU-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Dezso
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, HU-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- 1st Department of Pulmonology, National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, HU-1121 Budapest, Hungary
- SE-NAP Brain Metastasis Research Group, 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, HU-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig P Moll
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, AT-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Jiang TY, Pan YF, Wan ZH, Lin YK, Zhu B, Yuan ZG, Ma YH, Shi YY, Zeng TM, Dong LW, Tan YX, Wang HY. PTEN status determines chemosensitivity to proteasome inhibition in cholangiocarcinoma. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/562/eaay0152. [PMID: 32967970 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and PDX-derived cells (PDCs) are useful in preclinical research. We performed a drug screening assay using PDCs and identified proteasome inhibitors as promising drugs for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) treatment. Furthermore, we determined that phosphate and tensin homology deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) deficiency promotes protein synthesis and proteasome subunit expression and proteolytic activity, creating a dependency on the proteasome for cancer cell growth and survival. Thus, targeting the proteasome machinery with the inhibitor bortezomib inhibited the proliferation and survival of CCA cells lacking functional PTEN. Therapeutic evaluation of PDXs, autochthonous mouse models, and patients confirmed this dependency on the proteasome. Mechanistically, we found that PTEN promoted the nuclear translocation of FOXO1, resulting in the increased expression of BACH1 and MAFF BACH1 and MAFF are transcriptional regulators that recognize the antioxidant response element, which is present in genes encoding proteasome subunits. PTEN induced the accumulation and nuclear translocation of these proteins, which directly repressed the transcription of genes encoding proteasome subunits. We revealed that the PTEN-proteasome axis is a potential target for therapy in PTEN-deficient CCA and other PTEN-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Jiang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yu-Fei Pan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zheng-Hua Wan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yun-Kai Lin
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Yuan
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yun-Han Ma
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Shi
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Tian-Mei Zeng
- Department of Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Li-Wei Dong
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ye-Xiong Tan
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China. .,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 201805, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepato-biliary Tumor Biology, Shanghai 200438, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China.,Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer, Second Military Medical University & Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200438, China
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40
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Toxic Effects of Amanitins: Repurposing Toxicities toward New Therapeutics. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13060417. [PMID: 34208167 PMCID: PMC8230822 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of mushrooms has become increasingly popular, partly due to their nutritional and medicinal properties. This has increased the risk of confusion during picking, and thus of intoxication. In France, about 1300 cases of intoxication are observed each year, with deaths being mostly attributed to Amanita phalloides poisoning. Among amatoxins, α- and β-amanitins are the most widely studied toxins. Hepatotoxicity is the hallmark of these compounds, leading to hepatocellular failure within three days of ingestion. The toxic mechanisms of action mainly include RNA polymerase II inhibition and oxidative stress generation, leading to hepatic cell apoptosis or necrosis depending on the doses ingested. Currently, there is no international consensus concerning Amanita phalloides poisoning management. However, antidotes with antioxidant properties remain the most effective therapeutics to date suggesting the predominant role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology. The partially elucidated mechanisms of action may reveal a suitable target for the development of an antidote. The aim of this review is to present an overview of the knowledge on amanitins, including the latest advances that could allow the proposal of new innovative and effective therapeutics.
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Lüli Y, Zhou S, Li X, Chen Z, Yang Z, Luo H. Differential Expression of Amanitin Biosynthetic Genes and Novel Cyclic Peptides in Amanita molliuscula. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:384. [PMID: 34069263 PMCID: PMC8156247 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Amanita molliuscula is a basal species of lethal Amanita and intrigues the field because it does not produce discernable α-amanitin when inspected by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), which sets it apart from all known amanitin-producing (lethal) Amanita species. In order to study the underlining genetic basis of the phenotype, we sequenced this species through PacBio and Illumina RNA-Seq platforms. In total, 17 genes of the "MSDIN" family (named after the first five amino acid residues of the precursor peptides) were found in the genome and 11 of them were expressed at the transcription level. The expression pattern was not even but in a differential fashion: two of the MSDINs were highly expressed (FPKM value > 100), while the majority were expressed at low levels (FPKM value < 1). Prolyl oligopeptidease B (POPB) is the key enzyme in the amanitin biosynthetic pathway, and high expression of this enzyme was also discovered (FPKM value > 100). The two MSDINs with highest transcription further translated into two novel cyclic peptides, the structure of which is distinctive from all known cyclic peptides. The result illustrates the correlation between the expression and the final peptide products. In contrast to previous HPLC result, the genome of A. molliuscula harbors α-amanitin genes (three copies), but the product was in trace amount indicated by MS. Overall, transcription of MSDINs encoding major toxins (α-amanitin, β-amanitin, phallacidin and phalloidin) were low, showing that these toxins were not actively synthesized at the stage. Collectively, our results indicate that the amanitin biosynthetic pathway is highly active at the mature fruiting body stage in A. molliuscula, and due to the differential expression of MSDIN genes, the pathway produces only a few cyclic peptides at the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjiao Lüli
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shengwen Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Zuohong Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China;
| | - Zhuliang Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (Y.L.); (S.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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42
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Michel M, Kaps L, Maderer A, Galle PR, Moehler M. The Role of p53 Dysfunction in Colorectal Cancer and Its Implication for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2296. [PMID: 34064974 PMCID: PMC8150459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. The carcinogenesis of CRC is based on a stepwise accumulation of mutations, leading either to an activation of oncogenes or a deactivation of suppressor genes. The loss of genetic stability triggers activation of proto-oncogenes (e.g., KRAS) and inactivation of tumor suppression genes, namely TP53 and APC, which together drive the transition from adenoma to adenocarcinoma. On the one hand, p53 mutations confer resistance to classical chemotherapy but, on the other hand, they open the door for immunotherapy, as p53-mutated tumors are rich in neoantigens. Aberrant function of the TP53 gene product, p53, also affects stromal and non-stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts together with other immunosuppressive cells become valuable assets for the tumor by p53-mediated tumor signaling. In this review, we address the manifold implications of p53 mutations in CRC regarding therapy, treatment response and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Michel
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Leonard Kaps
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Annett Maderer
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Peter R. Galle
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
| | - Markus Moehler
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.M.); (L.K.); (A.M.); (P.R.G.)
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Okano A, Miyawaki S, Hongo H, Dofuku S, Teranishi Y, Mitsui J, Tanaka M, Shin M, Nakatomi H, Saito N. Associations of pathological diagnosis and genetic abnormalities in meningiomas with the embryological origins of the meninges. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6987. [PMID: 33772057 PMCID: PMC7998008 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain driver mutations and pathological diagnoses are associated with the anatomical site of meningioma, based on which the meninges have different embryological origins. We hypothesized that mutations and pathological diagnoses of meningiomas are associated with different embryological origins. We comprehensively evaluated associations among tumor location, pathological diagnosis (histological type), and genetic alterations including AKT1, KLF4, SMO, POLR2A, and NF2 mutations and 22q deletion in 269 meningioma cases. Based on the embryological origin of meninges, the tumor locations were as follows: neural crest, paraxial mesodermal, and dorsal mesodermal origins. Tumors originating from the dura of certain embryologic origin displayed a significantly different pathological diagnoses and genetic abnormality ratio. For instance, driver genetic mutations with AKT1, KLF4, SMO, and POLR2A, were significantly associated with the paraxial mesodermal origin (p = 1.7 × 10−10). However, meningiomas with NF2-associated mutations were significantly associated with neural crest origin (p = 3.9 × 10–12). On analysis of recurrence, no difference was observed in embryological origin. However, POLR2A mutation was a risk factor for the tumor recurrence (p = 1.7 × 10−2, Hazard Ratio 4.08, 95% Confidence Interval 1.28–13.0). Assessment of the embryological origin of the meninges may provide novel insights into the pathomechanism of meningiomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Okano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Miyawaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Hongo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Dofuku
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Teranishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Mitsui
- Department of Molecular Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanaka
- Departments of Neuroendovascular Surgery, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakatomi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhou S, Li X, Lüli Y, Li X, Chen ZH, Yuan P, Yang ZL, Li G, Luo H. Novel Cyclic Peptides from Lethal Amanita Mushrooms through a Genome-Guided Approach. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:204. [PMID: 33799506 PMCID: PMC7998459 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most species in the genus Amanita are ectomycorrhizal fungi comprising both edible and poisonous mushrooms. Some species produce potent cyclic peptide toxins, such as α-amanitin, which places them among the deadliest organisms known to mankind. These toxins and related cyclic peptides are encoded by genes of the "MSDIN" family (named after the first five amino acid residues of the precursor peptides), and it is largely unknown to what extent these genes are expressed in the basidiocarps. In the present study, Amanita rimosa and Amanita exitialis were sequenced through the PacBio and Illumina techniques. Together with our two previously sequenced genomes, Amanita subjunquillea and Amanita pallidorosea, in total, 46 previously unknown MSDIN genes were discovered. The expression of over 80% of the MSDIN genes was demonstrated in A. subjunquillea. Through a combination of genomics and mass spectrometry, 12 MSDIN genes were shown to produce novel cyclic peptides. To further confirm the results, three of the cyclic peptides were chemically synthesized. The tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra of the natural and the synthetic peptides shared a majority of the fragment ions, demonstrating an identical structure between each peptide pair. Collectively, the results suggested that the genome-guided approach is reliable for identifying novel cyclic peptides in Amanita species and that there is a large peptide reservoir in these mushrooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Zhou
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xincan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunjiao Lüli
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China;
| | - Zuo H. Chen
- College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China;
| | - Pengcheng Yuan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhu L. Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Guohong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, China;
| | - Hong Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China; (S.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (P.Y.); (Z.L.Y.)
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
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45
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Cui F, Wang S, Tan J, Tang H, Fan Y, Hu J. Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain 2 promotes the proliferation and suppresses apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:405. [PMID: 33692836 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered to be one of the most common tumors in men. Calcium-binding and coiled-coil domain 2 (CALCOCO2) is a known important xenophagy receptor, which mediates intracellular bacterial degradation. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that CALCOCO2 functions as an oncogene in PCa. The results of the current study indicated that CALCOCO2 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation and colony formation, whereas it promoted apoptosis of PCa cells. In addition, knockdown of CALCOCO2 in PCa cells reduced cyclin-E1 and increased p53 protein expression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that CALCOCO2 was associated with 'autophagosome assembly', 'nucleophagy' and 'nucleic acid metabolic process' biological processes and interacted with sequestosome-1, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (MAP1LC3)B, γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein, IκB kinase subunit γ and MAP1LC3C. Moreover, CALCOCO2 protein levels were indicated to be significantly increased in PCa samples compared with normal prostate tissues. These results suggested that CALCOCO2 may be of value as a diagnostic and therapeutic target in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilun Cui
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212012, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Tan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212012, P.R. China
| | - Huaming Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212012, P.R. China
| | - Jianpeng Hu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212012, P.R. China
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Lai DM, Bi JJ, Chen YH, Wu YD, Huang QW, Li HJ, Zhang S, Fu Z, Tong YX. CCNI2 plays a promoting role in the progression of colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1913-1924. [PMID: 33620152 PMCID: PMC7957193 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and most of the patients diagnosed with advanced CRC have unsatisfactory treatment effect and poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CCNI2 on the development of CRC. In this sutdy, immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CCNI2 expression levels in clinical samples, meanwhile, the Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis was conducted. Celigo cell counting assay was used for screening shCCNI2s. QPCR and WB were performed to verify knockdown efficiency of CCNI2. Cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and mechanism investigation of CCNI2 knockdown were investigated by MTT assay, colony formation assay, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, and human apoptosis antibody array, respectively. Otherwise, the mouse model of CCNI2 knockdown was also constructed. The results of immunohistochemical staining and qPCR indicated that CCNI2 had a high expression level in the CRC tissues and cell lines. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis manifested that the high expression of CCNI2 suggested poor prognosis. The expression of CCNI2 was significantly reduced by CCNI2‐siRNAs, and the downregulated expression level of CCNI2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and colony formation, arrested cell cycle in G2 phase, as well as promoted cell apoptosis. The various indexes of solid tumor in mice models indicated that CCNI2 knockdown could suppress the growth of CRC tumor. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the above results, CCNI2 was contributed to the progression of CRC and could serve as a prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ming Lai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen memorial hospital affiliated Sen Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong-Hui Chen
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Di Wu
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qing-Wen Huang
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hai-Jie Li
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yi-Xin Tong
- Department of GI Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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47
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Liu C, Han Y, Zhao X, Li B, Xu L, Li D, Li G. POLR2A blocks osteoclastic bone resorption and protects against osteoporosis by interacting with CREB1. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5134-5146. [PMID: 33595106 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Bone-resorbing osteoclasts significantly contribute to osteoporosis, and understanding the mechanisms of osteoclastogenesis is crucial for developing new drugs to treat diseases associated with bone loss. Here, we report that POLR2A is upregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Functional analyses showed that the inhibition of POLR2A decreased osteoclastogenesis, whereas the overexpression of POLR2A had completely opposite effects in vitro. Notably, the osteoclast-specific deletion of POLR2A blocks bone resorption in vivo. Furthermore, POLR2A loss-of-function suppresses estrogen deficiency-induced bone resorption. Mechanistically, POLR2A regulates the assembly of CREB1 on the regulatory elements of its target genes. Collectively, using genetic, pharmacological, and disease mouse models, we have identified a previously undescribed protein that interacts with CREB1 to regulate osteoclastic bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Joint Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Zhao
- Department of Joint Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.,Department of Joint Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsong Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, No. 1 Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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48
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Li Y, Sun Y, Kulke M, Hechler T, Van der Jeught K, Dong T, He B, Miller KD, Radovich M, Schneider BP, Pahl A, Zhang X, Lu X. Targeted immunotherapy for HER2-low breast cancer with 17p loss. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc6894. [PMID: 33568521 PMCID: PMC8351376 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc6894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical challenge for treating HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2)-low breast cancer is the paucity of actionable drug targets. HER2-targeted therapy often has poor clinical efficacy for this disease due to the low level of HER2 protein on the cancer cell surface. We analyzed breast cancer genomics in the search for potential drug targets. Heterozygous loss of chromosome 17p is one of the most frequent genomic events in breast cancer, and 17p loss involves a massive deletion of genes including the tumor suppressor TP53 Our analyses revealed that 17p loss leads to global gene expression changes and reduced tumor infiltration and cytotoxicity of T cells, resulting in immune evasion during breast tumor progression. The 17p deletion region also includes POLR2A, a gene encoding the catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase II that is essential for cell survival. Therefore, breast cancer cells with heterozygous loss of 17p are extremely sensitive to the inhibition of POLR2A via a specific small-molecule inhibitor, α-amanitin. Here, we demonstrate that α-amanitin-conjugated trastuzumab (T-Ama) potentiated the HER2-targeted therapy and exhibited superior efficacy in treating HER2-low breast cancer with 17p loss. Moreover, treatment with T-Ama induced immunogenic cell death in breast cancer cells and, thereby, delivered greater efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint blockade therapy in preclinical HER2-low breast cancer models. Collectively, 17p loss not only drives breast tumorigenesis but also confers therapeutic vulnerabilities that may be used to develop targeted precision immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Li
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yifan Sun
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael Kulke
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Ladenburg 68526, Germany
| | | | - Kevin Van der Jeught
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tianhan Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bin He
- Departments of Surgery and Urology, Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Bryan P Schneider
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Ladenburg 68526, Germany
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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49
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Cardona-Benavides IJ, de Ramón C, Gutiérrez NC. Genetic Abnormalities in Multiple Myeloma: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33562668 PMCID: PMC7914805 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some genetic abnormalities of multiple myeloma (MM) detected more than two decades ago remain major prognostic factors. In recent years, the introduction of cutting-edge genomic methodologies has enabled the extensive deciphering of genomic events in MM. Although none of the alterations newly discovered have significantly improved the stratification of the outcome of patients with MM, some of them, point mutations in particular, are promising targets for the development of personalized medicine. This review summarizes the main genetic abnormalities described in MM together with their prognostic impact, and the therapeutic approaches potentially aimed at abrogating the undesirable pathogenic effect of each alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio J. Cardona-Benavides
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.J.C.-B.); (C.d.R.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina de Ramón
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.J.C.-B.); (C.d.R.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Norma C. Gutiérrez
- Hematology Department, University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (I.J.C.-B.); (C.d.R.)
- Cancer Research Center-IBMCC (USAL-CSIC), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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50
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Defining eligible patients for allele-selective chemotherapies targeting NAT2 in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22436. [PMID: 33384440 PMCID: PMC7775439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting somatic bystander genetic events represent a new avenue for cancer treatment. We recently identified a subset of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who are heterozygous for a wild-type and a low activity allele (NAT2*6) but lack the wild-type allele in their tumors due to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 8p22. These tumors were sensitive to treatment with a cytotoxic substrate of NAT2 (6-(4-aminophenyl)-N-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)pyrazin-2-amine, APA), and pointed to NAT2 loss being a therapeutically exploitable vulnerability of CRC tumors. To better estimate the total number of treatable CRC patients, we here determined whether tumor cells retaining also other NAT2 low activity variants after LOH respond to APA treatment. The prevalent low activity alleles NAT2*5 and NAT2*14, but not NAT2*7, were found to be low metabolizers with high sensitivity to APA. By analysis of two different CRC patient cohorts, we detected heterozygosity for NAT2 alleles targetable by APA, along with allelic imbalances pointing to LOH, in ~ 24% of tumors. Finally, to haplotype the NAT2 locus in tumor and patient-matched normal samples in a clinical setting, we develop and demonstrate a long-read sequencing based assay. In total, > 79.000 CRC patients per year fulfil genetic criteria for high sensitivity to a NAT2 LOH therapy and their eligibility can be assessed by clinical sequencing.
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