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Castano-Sanz V, Gomez-Mestre I, Rodriguez-Exposito E, Garcia-Gonzalez F. Pesticide exposure triggers sex-specific inter- and transgenerational effects conditioned by past sexual selection. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20241037. [PMID: 39014998 PMCID: PMC11252676 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental variation often induces plastic responses in organisms that can trigger changes in subsequent generations through non-genetic inheritance mechanisms. Such transgenerational plasticity thus consists of environmentally induced non-random phenotypic modifications that are transmitted through generations. Transgenerational effects may vary according to the sex of the organism experiencing the environmental perturbation, the sex of their descendants or both, but whether they are affected by past sexual selection is unknown. Here, we use experimental evolution on an insect model system to conduct a first test of the involvement of sexual selection history in shaping transgenerational plasticity in the face of rapid environmental change (exposure to pesticide). We manipulated evolutionary history in terms of the intensity of sexual selection for over 80 generations before exposing individuals to the toxicant. We found that sexual selection history constrained adaptation under rapid environmental change. We also detected inter- and transgenerational effects of pesticide exposure in the form of increased fitness and longevity. These cross-generational influences of toxicants were sex dependent (they affected only male descendants), and intergenerational, but not transgenerational, plasticity was modulated by sexual selection history. Our results highlight the complexity of intra-, inter- and transgenerational influences of past selection and environmental stress on phenotypic expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Castano-Sanz
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Ivan Gomez-Mestre
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), Seville, Spain
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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2
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Speijer D. Let's talk about sex. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2400134. [PMID: 38873886 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Dave Speijer
- Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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3
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Wedell N, Kemp DJ. Ultraviolet signaling in a butterfly is preferred by females and conveys male genetic quality. Evolution 2024; 78:1372-1381. [PMID: 38776186 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Indicator models of sexual selection posit that females choose males on the basis of traits that reveal male genetic quality and thereby enjoy increased offspring production. Here, we report that females of the butterfly Eurema hecabe receive indirect benefits from choosing males based on their ultraviolet (UV) wing coloration, a heritable and condition-dependent trait in this species. We first used a large laboratory-bred pedigree to demonstrate a per-family association between inbreeding and male UV trait value. Females exerted choice for UV-bright males within this protocol, and the average male UV trait value increased over six consecutive generations, presumably due to such selection and despite an increasing rate of pedigree-wide inbreeding. We then experimentally imposed a standard strength of inbreeding upon lines of divergent male UV trait values. Inbreeding depressed the siring performance of low UV treatment males more severely and resulted in a marginal reduction of their UV brightness, which rebounded sharply following subsequent outcrossing. These findings are consistent with the ornament-based signaling of genetic quality as a function of underlying individual-level mutational load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wedell
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Darrell J Kemp
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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4
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Moore MP, Leith NT, Fowler-Finn KD, Medley KA. Human-modified habitats imperil ornamented dragonflies less than their non-ornamented counterparts at local, regional, and continental scales. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14455. [PMID: 38849293 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Biologists have long wondered how sexual ornamentation influences a species' risk of extinction. Because the evolution of condition-dependent ornamentation can reduce intersexual conflict and accelerate the fixation of advantageous alleles, some theory predicts that ornamented taxa can be buffered against extinction in novel and/or stressful environments. Nevertheless, evidence from the wild remains limited. Here, we show that ornamented dragonflies are less vulnerable to extinction across multiple spatial scales. Population-occupancy models across the Western United States reveal that ornamented species have become more common relative to non-ornamented species over >100 years. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that ornamented species exhibit lower continent-wide extinction risk than non-ornamented species. Finally, spatial analyses of local dragonfly assemblages suggest that ornamented species possess advantages over non-ornamented taxa at living in habitats that have been converted to farms and cities. Together, these findings suggest that ornamented taxa are buffered against contemporary extinction at local, regional, and continental scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Moore
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kim A Medley
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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5
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Berger D, Liljestrand-Rönn J. Environmental complexity mitigates the demographic impact of sexual selection. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14355. [PMID: 38225825 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Sexual selection and the evolution of costly mating strategies can negatively impact population viability and adaptive potential. While laboratory studies have documented outcomes stemming from these processes, recent observations suggest that the demographic impact of sexual selection is contingent on the environment and therefore may have been overestimated in simple laboratory settings. Here we find support for this claim. We exposed copies of beetle populations, previously evolved with or without sexual selection, to a 10-generation heatwave while maintaining half of them in a simple environment and the other half in a complex environment. Populations with an evolutionary history of sexual selection maintained larger sizes and more stable growth rates in complex (relative to simple) environments, an effect not seen in populations evolved without sexual selection. These results have implications for evolutionary forecasting and suggest that the negative demographic impact of sexually selected mating strategies might be low in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Berger
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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6
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Tschol M, Reid JM, Bocedi G. Environmental variance in male mating success modulates the positive versus negative impacts of sexual selection on genetic load. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:1242-1254. [PMID: 37497848 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection on males is predicted to increase population fitness, and delay population extinction, when mating success negatively covaries with genetic load across individuals. However, such benefits of sexual selection could be counteracted by simultaneous increases in genome-wide drift resulting from reduced effective population size caused by increased variance in fitness. Resulting fixation of deleterious mutations could be greatest in small populations, and when environmental variation in mating traits partially decouples sexual selection from underlying genetic variation. The net consequences of sexual selection for genetic load and population persistence are therefore likely to be context dependent, but such variation has not been examined. We use a genetically explicit individual-based model to show that weak sexual selection can increase population persistence time compared to random mating. However, for stronger sexual selection such positive effects can be overturned by the detrimental effects of increased genome-wide drift. Furthermore, the relative strengths of mutation-purging and drift critically depend on the environmental variance in the male mating trait. Specifically, increasing environmental variance caused stronger sexual selection to elevate deleterious mutation fixation rate and mean selection coefficient, driving rapid accumulation of drift load and decreasing population persistence times. These results highlight an intricate balance between conflicting positive and negative consequences of sexual selection on genetic load, even in the absence of sexually antagonistic selection. They imply that environmental variances in key mating traits, and intrinsic genetic drift, should be properly factored into future theoretical and empirical studies of the evolution of population fitness under sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane M Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Institutt for Biologi, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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7
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Zhang MY, Zhang XH, Wang XY, Liu YL, An JH, Wang DH, Cai ZG, Hou R. Intestinal acetic acid regulates the synthesis of sex pheromones in captive giant pandas. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234676. [PMID: 37692393 PMCID: PMC10485365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As a typical solitary animal, adult giant pandas rely on chemical signals (sex pheromones) to transmit reproductive information during oestrous. Although researchers have confirmed that the gut microbiota is related to the emission and reception of sex pheromones, there is no clear correlation between the gut microbes and the synthesis of sex pheromone of giant pandas, that is, which gut microbes and microbial metabolites are participate in the synthesis of giant panda's sex pheromone. As a mirror of gut microbiota, fecal microbiota can reflect the composition of gut microbiota and its interaction with host to some extent. The purpose of this study is to explore how the gut microbes affect the synthesis of sex pheromones in captive giant pandas by combining analysis of the fecal microbiome and metabolomics. The results of correlation and microbial function analysis show that intestinal microorganisms such as Veillonellaceae and Lactobacillilaceae are associated with the synthesis of short chain fatty acid (acetic acid) and volatile ester metabolites, such as 1-butanol, 3-methyl, acetate, acetic acid, hexyl ester and 3-hexen-1-ol, acetate, (Z). In summary, based on this study, we believe that volatile metabolites such as fecal acetate participate in the process of mate preference of captive giant pandas and affect their expression of natural mating behavior. The possible mechanism is that the gut microbes can promote the synthesis of key chemical signaling substances in perianal glands through mediated intermediate fecal metabolites, thus affecting the normal information exchange between giant pandas individuals. The results of this study have greatly enriched our understanding of gut microbes regulating the synthesis of sex pheromones in giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-yue Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-hui Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-ying Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-liang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-hui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-hui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-gang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
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8
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Ellis EA, Goodheart JA, Hensley NM, González VL, Reda NJ, Rivers TJ, Morin JG, Torres E, Gerrish GA, Oakley TH. Sexual Signals Persist over Deep Time: Ancient Co-option of Bioluminescence for Courtship Displays in Cypridinid Ostracods. Syst Biol 2023; 72:264-274. [PMID: 35984328 PMCID: PMC10448971 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the diversity, beauty, and intricacy of sexually selected courtship displays command the attention of evolutionists, the longevity of these traits in deep time is poorly understood. Population-based theory suggests sexual selection could either lower or raise extinction risk, resulting in high or low persistence of lineages with sexually selected traits. Furthermore, empirical studies that directly estimate the longevity of sexually selected traits are uncommon. Sexually selected signals-including bioluminescent courtship-originated multiple times during evolution, allowing the empirical study of their longevity after careful phylogenetic and divergence time analyses. Here, we estimate the first transcriptome-based molecular phylogeny and divergence times of Cypridinidae. We report extreme longevity of bioluminescent courtship, a trait important in mate choice and probably under sexual selection. Our relaxed-clock estimates of divergence times coupled with stochastic character mapping show luminous courtship evolved only once in Cypridinidae-in a Sub-Tribe, we name Luxorina-at least 151 millions of years ago from cypridinid ancestors that used bioluminescence only in antipredator displays, defining a Tribe we name Luminini. This time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of cypridinids will serve as a foundation for integrative and comparative studies on the biochemistry, molecular evolution, courtship, diversification, and ecology of cypridinid bioluminescence. The persistence of luminous courtship for hundreds of millions of years suggests that sexual selection did not cause a rapid loss of associated traits, and that rates of speciation within the group exceeded extinction risk, which may contribute to the persistence of a diverse clade of signaling species. [Ancestral state reconstruction; Biodiversity; co-option; divergence time estimates; macroevolution; Ostracoda; phylogenomics; sexual selection.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Ellis
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Jessica A Goodheart
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037,
USA
| | - Nicholai M Hensley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University,
Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Vanessa L González
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, National
Museum of Natural History, 10th and Constitution NW, Washington, DC
20560-0105, USA
| | - Nicholas J Reda
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, La
Crosse, WI 54601, USA
| | - Trevor J Rivers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - James G Morin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Elizabeth Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Gretchen A Gerrish
- Biology Department, University of Wisconsin–La Crosse, La
Crosse, WI 54601, USA
- Trout Lake Station, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin –
Madison, Boulder Junction, WI 54512, USA
| | - Todd H Oakley
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of
California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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9
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Parrett JM, Łukasiewicz A, Chmielewski S, Szubert-Kruszyńska A, Maurizio PL, Grieshop K, Radwan J. A sexually selected male weapon characterized by strong additive genetic variance and no evidence for sexually antagonistic polyphenic maintenance. Evolution 2023; 77:1289-1302. [PMID: 36848265 PMCID: PMC10234106 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection and sexual antagonism are important drivers of eco-evolutionary processes. The evolution of traits shaped by these processes depends on their genetic architecture, which remains poorly studied. Here, implementing a quantitative genetics approach using diallel crosses of the bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, we investigated the genetic variance that underlies a sexually selected weapon that is dimorphic among males and female fecundity. Previous studies indicated that a negative genetic correlation between these two traits likely exists. We found male morph showed considerable additive genetic variance, which is unlikely to be explained solely by mutation-selection balance, indicating the likely presence of large-effect loci. However, a significant magnitude of inbreeding depression also indicates that morph expression is likely to be condition-dependent to some degree and that deleterious recessives can simultaneously contribute to morph expression. Female fecundity also showed a high degree of inbreeding depression, but the variance in female fecundity was mostly explained by epistatic effects, with very little contribution from additive effects. We found no significant genetic correlation, nor any evidence for dominance reversal, between male morph and female fecundity. The complex genetic architecture underlying male morph and female fecundity in this system has important implications for our understanding of the evolutionary interplay between purifying selection and sexually antagonistic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Parrett
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Łukasiewicz
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sebastian Chmielewski
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Paul L Maurizio
- Department of Medicine, Section of Genetic Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Karl Grieshop
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacek Radwan
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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10
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Lerch BA, Servedio MR. Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002059. [PMID: 37011094 PMCID: PMC10101644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Predation plays a role in preventing the evolution of ever more complicated sexual displays, because such displays often increase an individual's predation risk. Sexual selection theory, however, omits a key feature of predation in modeling costs to sexually selected traits: Predation is density dependent. As a result of this density dependence, predator-prey dynamics should feed back into the evolution of sexual displays, which, in turn, feeds back into predator-prey dynamics. Here, we develop both population and quantitative genetic models of sexual selection that explicitly link the evolution of sexual displays with predator-prey dynamics. Our primary result is that predation can drive eco-evolutionary cycles in sexually selected traits. We also show that mechanistically modeling the cost to sexual displays as predation leads to novel outcomes such as the maintenance of polymorphism in sexual displays and alters ecological dynamics by muting prey cycles. These results suggest predation as a potential mechanism to maintain variation in sexual displays and underscore that short-term studies of sexual display evolution may not accurately predict long-run dynamics. Further, they demonstrate that a common verbal model (that predation limits sexual displays) with widespread empirical support can result in unappreciated, complex dynamics due to the density-dependent nature of predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lerch
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maria R Servedio
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Speijer D. How mitochondria showcase evolutionary mechanisms and the importance of oxygen. Bioessays 2023; 45:e2300013. [PMID: 36965057 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Darwinian evolution can be simply stated: natural selection of inherited variations increasing differential reproduction. However, formulated thus, links with biochemistry, cell biology, ecology, and population dynamics remain unclear. To understand interactive contributions of chance and selection, higher levels of biological organization (e.g., endosymbiosis), complexities of competing selection forces, and emerging biological novelties (such as eukaryotes or meiotic sex), we must analyze actual examples. Focusing on mitochondria, I will illuminate how biology makes sense of life's evolution, and the concepts involved. First, looking at the bacterium - mitochondrion transition: merging with an archaeon, it lost its independence, but played a decisive role in eukaryogenesis, as an extremely efficient aerobic ATP generator and internal ROS source. Second, surveying later mitochondrion adaptations and diversifications illustrates concepts such as constructive neutral evolution, dynamic interactions between endosymbionts and hosts, the contingency of life histories, and metabolic reprogramming. Without oxygen, mitochondria disappear; with (intermittent) oxygen diversification occurs in highly complex ways, especially upon (temporary) phototrophic substrate supply. These expositions show the Darwinian model to be a highly fruitful paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave Speijer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Angelakakis A, Turetzek N, Tuni C. Female mating rates and their fitness consequences in the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9678. [PMID: 36590337 PMCID: PMC9797470 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mating systems, with varying female mating rates occurring with the same partner (monandry) or with multiple mates (polyandry), can have far reaching consequences for population viability and the rate of gene flow. Here, we investigate the mating rates of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Theridiidae), an emerging model for genetic studies, with yet undescribed reproductive behavior. It is hypothesized that spiders belonging to this family have low re-mating rates. We paired females twice with the same male (monandry) or with different males (polyandry), and recorded behaviors, mating success and fitness resulting from single- and double-matings, either monandrous or polyandrous. Despite the study being explorative in nature, we predict successful matings to be more frequent during first encounters, to reduce female risk of remaining unmated. For re-mating to be adaptive, we expect higher fitness of double-mated females, and polyandrous females to experience highest mating success and fitness if reproductive gains are achieved by mating with multiple partners. We show that the majority of the females did not mate, and those that did mated only once, not necessarily on their first encounter. The likelihood of re-mating did not differ between monandrous and polyandrous encounters and female mating experience (mated once, twice monandrous, twice polyandrous) did not affect fitness, indicated by similar offspring production. Female twanging of the web leads to successful matings suggesting female behavioral receptivity. Cannibalism rates were low and mostly occurred pre-copulatory. We discuss how the species ecology, with potentially high mating costs for males and limited female receptivity, may shape a mating system with low mating rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Angelakakis
- Behavioral Ecology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany,Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Natascha Turetzek
- Evolutionary Ecology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
| | - Cristina Tuni
- Behavioral Ecology, Faculty of BiologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University MunichPlanegg‐MartinsriedGermany
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13
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Sexual selection for males with beneficial mutations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12613. [PMID: 35871224 PMCID: PMC9308816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is the process by which traits providing a mating advantage are favoured. Theoretical treatments of the evolution of sex by sexual selection propose that it operates by reducing the load of deleterious mutations. Here, we postulate instead that sexual selection primarily acts through females preferentially mating with males carrying beneficial mutations. We used simulation and analytical modelling to investigate the evolutionary dynamics of beneficial mutations in the presence of sexual selection. We found that female choice for males with beneficial mutations had a much greater impact on genetic quality than choice for males with low mutational load. We also relaxed the typical assumption of a fixed mutation rate. For deleterious mutations, mutation rate should always be minimized, but when rare beneficial mutations can occur, female choice for males with those rare beneficial mutations could overcome a decline in average fitness and allow an increase in mutation rate. We propose that sexual selection for beneficial mutations could overcome the ‘two-fold cost of sex’ much more readily than choice for males with low mutational load and may therefore be a more powerful explanation for the prevalence of sexual reproduction than the existing theory. If sexual selection results in higher fitness at higher mutation rates, and if the variability produced by mutation itself promotes sexual selection, then a feedback loop between these two factors could have had a decisive role in driving adaptation.
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14
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Zhang MY, Wang XY, Ayala J, Liu YL, An JH, Wang DH, Cai ZG, Hou R, Cai KL. Combined urine metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing analyses reveals physiological mechanism underlying decline in natural mating behavior of captive giant pandas. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906737. [PMID: 36118243 PMCID: PMC9478395 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in natural mating behavior is the primary reason underlying in the poor population growth of captive giant pandas. However, the influencing factors and underlying mechanisms remain unclear to data. It is speculated that the decline in natural mating behavior could be related to the psychological stress caused by captivity, which restricts their free choice of mates. In order to test this hypothesis, we performed urinary metabolomics analysis using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC/-MS) combined with 16S rDNA sequencing for exploring the physiological mechanism underlying the decline in the natural mating behavior of captive giant panda. The results demonstrated that the decline in mating ability could be related to abnormalities in arginine biosynthesis and neurotransmitter synthesis. Additionally, the relative abundance of bacteria from the Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla and the Acinetobacter, Weissella, and Pseudomonas genus was significantly reduced in the group with low natural mating behavior. These findings imply that the inhibition of arginine synthesis induced by environmental changes could be related to the poor libido and failure of mate selection in captive giant pandas during the breeding period. The results also demonstrate the relationship between the altered urinary microbes and metabolites related to arginine and neurotransmitter synthesis. These findings may aid in understanding the mechanism underlying environment-induced mate selection in captive giant pandas and propose a novel strategy for determining the sexual desire of giant pandas based on urinary microbes. The method would be of great significance in improving the natural reproductive success rate of captive giant pandas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Zhang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Ying Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
| | - James Ayala
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Liang Liu
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Hui An
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Hui Wang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Hou
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai-Lai Cai
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda, Chengdu, China
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15
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Tonnabel J, Cosette P, Lehner A, Mollet JC, Amine Ben Mlouka M, Grladinovic L, David P, Pannell JR. Rapid evolution of pollen and pistil traits as a response to sexual selection in the post-pollination phase of mating. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4465-4472.e6. [PMID: 36027911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection is the basis of some of the most striking phenotypic variation in nature.1,2 In animals, sexual selection in males can act on traits that improve access to mates prior to copulation,3-8 but also on sperm traits filtered by sperm competition,9-14 or female choice expressed simply by the morphology and physiology of genital tracts.14-16 Although long overlooked as a mode of selection on plant traits, sexual selection should act on land plants too because they are anisogamous: males produce more, and smaller, gametes than females.17-19 Numerical asymmetry in gamete production is thought to play a central role in selection on traits that affect pollen transfer to mates,20,21 but very little is known about how pollen competition or cryptic female choice might affect the evolution of traits expressed after pollination.22,23 Here, we report the divergence of pollen and pistil traits of the dioecious wind-pollinated annual herb Mercurialis annua during evolution over three generations between populations at low versus high plant density, corresponding to low versus higher levels of polyandry;24 we expected selection under higher polyandry to strengthen competition among pollen donors for fertilizing ovules. We found that populations at high density evolved faster-growing pollen tubes (an equivalent of greater sperm velocity), greater expression of pollen proteins involved in pollen growth, and larger stigmas (a trait likely enhancing the number of pollen donors and thus competition for ovules). Our results identify the post-pollination phase of plant mating as an important arena for the action of sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Tonnabel
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France; ISEM, University Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN UMR6270 CNRS, PISSARO Proteomic Facility, Carnot I2C, 76130 Mont Saint Aigan, France
| | - Arnaud Lehner
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Carnot I2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, SFR 4377 NORVEGE, IRIB, Carnot I2C, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Mohamed Amine Ben Mlouka
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN UMR6270 CNRS, PISSARO Proteomic Facility, Carnot I2C, 76130 Mont Saint Aigan, France
| | - Lucija Grladinovic
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice David
- CEFE, CNRS, University of Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - John R Pannell
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Yasui Y, Hasegawa E. The origination events of gametic sexual reproduction and anisogamy. J ETHOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-022-00760-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe evolution of gametic sex (meiosis and fertilization) and subsequent transition from isogamy (fusion between two equal-sized gametes) to anisogamy (dimorphism into eggs and sperm, namely, females and males) is one of the largest enigmas of evolutionary biology. Meiosis entails genome-dilution cost and anisogamy entails male-production cost. Despite much progress has been made for the maintenance mechanisms of sex, its origination events under such “twofold cost of sex” are still unsolved. Here, we posit two hypothetical scenarios as follows: the “Seesaw Effect” hypothesizes that automictic selfing between isogametes effectively purged deleterious mutations from an organism’s lineage and simultaneously fixed the sex-controlling allele and all other loci (no genome-dilution cost raised). The high relatedness among homoeologous cell colonies led to multicellularization. The “inflated isogamy” hypothesizes that multicellularity increased the reproductive investment of both mates, resulting in excessively large isogametes. This redundancy induced cheating of one sex (evolving to male) to reduce gamete size. However, the other sex (evolving to female) allowed this cheat because her cost did not change. Therefore, anisogamy originated as a kind of commensalism but turned into beneficial for females because it solved the gamete limitation problem inherent to isogamy. Thus, smooth transition to anisogamy had been attained.
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17
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Chai H, Liu P, Ma Y, Chen W, Tao N, Zhao Y. Organization and Unconventional Integration of the Mating-Type Loci in Morchella Species. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070746. [PMID: 35887501 PMCID: PMC9318749 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
True morels (Morchella spp.) are a group of delicious fungi in high demand worldwide, and some species of morels have been successfully cultivated in recent years. To better understand the sexual reproductive mechanisms of these fungi, we characterized the structure of the mating-type loci from ten morel species, and seven of them were obtained using long-range PCR amplification. Among the studied species, eight were heterothallic, two were homothallic, and four types of composition were observed in the MAT loci. In three of the five black morel species, the MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-10, and MAT1-1-11 genes were in the MAT1-1 idiomorph, and only the MAT1-2-1 gene was in the MAT1-2 idiomorph, while an integration event occurred in the other two species and resulted in the importation of the MAT1-1-11 gene into the MAT1-2 idiomorph and survival as a truncated fragment in the MAT1-1 idiomorph. However, the MAT1-1-11 gene was not available in the four yellow morels and one blushing morel species. M. rufobrunnea, a representative species of the earliest diverging branch of true morels, along with another yellow morel Mes-15, were confirmed to be homothallic, and the MAT1-1-1, MAT1-1-10, and MAT1-2-1 genes were arranged in a tandem array. Therefore, we hypothesized that homothallism should be the ancestral reproductive state in Morchella. RT-PCR analyses revealed that four mating genes could be constitutively expressed, while the MAT1-1-10 gene underwent alternative splicing to produce different splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chai
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.C.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (N.T.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China
- Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.C.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (N.T.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China
- Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yuanhao Ma
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.C.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (N.T.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China
- Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Weimin Chen
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.C.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (N.T.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China
- Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Nan Tao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.C.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (N.T.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China
- Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
| | - Yongchang Zhao
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.C.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (W.C.); (N.T.)
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology, Kunming 650205, China
- Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming 650205, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-871-6514-0446
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18
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Parrett JM, Chmielewski S, Aydogdu E, Łukasiewicz A, Rombauts S, Szubert-Kruszyńska A, Babik W, Konczal M, Radwan J. Genomic evidence that a sexually selected trait captures genome-wide variation and facilitates the purging of genetic load. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:1330-1342. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Leith NT, Fowler-Finn KD, Moore MP. Evolutionary interactions between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1919-1936. [PMID: 35831230 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Thermal ecology and mate competition are both pervasive features of ecological adaptation. A surge of recent work has uncovered the diversity of ways in which temperature affects mating interactions and sexual selection. However, the potential for thermal biology and reproductive ecology to evolve together as organisms adapt to their thermal environment has been underappreciated. Here, we develop a series of hypotheses regarding (1) not only how thermal ecology affects mating system dynamics, but also how mating dynamics can generate selection on thermal traits; and (2) how the thermal consequences of mate competition favour the reciprocal co-adaptation of thermal biology and sexual traits. We discuss our hypotheses in the context of both pre-copulatory and post-copulatory processes. We also call for future work integrating experimental and phylogenetic comparative approaches to understand evolutionary feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection. Overall, studying reciprocal feedbacks between thermal ecology and sexual selection may be necessary to understand how organisms have adapted to the environments of the past and could persist in the environments of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Leith
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kasey D Fowler-Finn
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael P Moore
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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20
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Pilakouta N, Baillet A. Effects of temperature on mating behaviour and mating success: A meta-analysis. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:1642-1650. [PMID: 35811382 PMCID: PMC9541322 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In light of global climate change, there is a pressing need to understand how populations will respond to rising temperatures. Understanding the effects of temperature changes on mating behaviour is particularly important, given its implications for population viability. To this end, we performed a meta-analysis of 53 studies to examine how temperature changes influence mating latency, choosiness and mating success. We hypothesized that if higher temperatures make mate searching and mate assessment more costly due to an elevated metabolism, this may lead to a reduction in mating latency and choosiness, thereby increasing overall mating success. We found no evidence for an overall effect of temperature on mating latency, choosiness, or mating success. There was an increase in mating success when animals were exposed to higher temperatures during mating trials but not when they were exposed before mating trials. In addition, in a subset of studies that measured both mating latency and mating success, there was a strong negative relationship between the effect sizes for these traits. This suggests that a decrease in mating latency at higher temperatures was associated with an increase in mating success and vice versa. In sum, our meta-analysis provides new insights into the effects of temperature on mating patterns. The absence of a consistent directional effect of temperature on mating behaviours and mating success suggests it may be difficult to predict changes in the strength of sexual selection in natural populations in a warming world. Nevertheless, there is some evidence that (a) higher temperatures during mating may lead to an increase in mating success and that (b) an increase in mating success is associated with a decrease in mating latency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anaїs Baillet
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes, Rennes, France.,Department of Wood and Forest Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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21
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Klug H, Langley C, Reyes E. Resource acquisition and pre-copulatory sexual selection. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9137. [PMID: 35898422 PMCID: PMC9309035 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection influences the evolution of phenotypic traits and contributes to patterns of biodiversity. In many animals, mating involves sequential steps. Often, individuals must secure resources that are essential for mating (nests, territories, food), and then after securing a resource, individuals engage in competition for access to limited opposite sex mates and gametes. A large body of empirical research and some verbal models have illustrated that resource acquisition can influence sexual selection. In general, though, we lack a priori predictions of when and how resource acquisition will influence sexual selection. Here, we use a mathematical framework to explore the link between resource acquisition and sexual selection on an advantageous mate-acquisition trait across biologically relevant trade-off scenarios. Our findings provide a set of testable predictions of how resource acquisition can influence sexual selection on mating traits. In general, selection on mate-acquisition traits is expected to be heavily influenced by: (1) the episode of selection considered, and in particular, whether one considers selection associated with the mating pool only or selection associated with both the mating pool and pre-mating pool; (2) whether resource-acquisition and mate-acquisition traits are positively associated or whether they trade off; and (3) the proportion of males with the resource- and mate-acquisition traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Klug
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
- SimCenterUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Chelsea Langley
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTennesseeUSA
| | - Elijah Reyes
- Department of Biological SciencesSimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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22
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Li J, Wingfield MJ, Barnes I, Chen S. Calonectria in the age of genes and genomes: Towards understanding an important but relatively unknown group of pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1060-1072. [PMID: 35338559 PMCID: PMC9190971 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The genus Calonectria includes many aggressive plant pathogens causing diseases on various agricultural crops as well as forestry and ornamental tree species. Some species have been accidentally introduced into new environments via international trade of putatively asymptomatic plant germplasm or contaminated soil, resulting in significant economic losses. This review provides an overview of the taxonomy, population biology, and pathology of Calonectria species, specifically emerging from contemporary studies that have relied on DNA-based technologies. The growing importance of genomics in future research is highlighted. A life cycle is proposed for Calonectria species, aimed at improving our ability to manage diseases caused by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- JieQiong Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Research Institute of Fast‐growing Trees/China Eucalypt Research Centre, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhanjiangChina
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - ShuaiFei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
- Research Institute of Fast‐growing Trees/China Eucalypt Research Centre, Chinese Academy of ForestryZhanjiangChina
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23
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Khan MK, Herberstein ME. Parasite‐mediated sexual selection in a damselfly. Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Kawsar Khan
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Shahjalal University of Science and Technology Sylhet Bangladesh
| | - Marie E. Herberstein
- School of Natural Sciences Macquarie University Macquarie Park New South Wales Australia
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24
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Villada-Bedoya S, Córdoba-Aguilar A, Escobar F, González-Tokman D. Contamination effects on sexual selection in wild dung beetles. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:905-918. [PMID: 35647730 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection influences the expression of secondary sexual traits, which are costly to produce and maintain and are thus considered honest indicators of individual condition. Therefore, sexual selection could select for high-quality individuals able to respond to stressful conditions, with impacts on population-level fitness. We sampled dung beetles from 19 pastures and investigated if contamination by herbicides and veterinary drugs modifies male investment in sexually selected traits and has associated population-level effects. We measured horn size, condition dependence (i.e. size-corrected body mass) and allometry, besides abundance and sexual size dimorphism in three species: Copris incertus, Euoniticellus intermedius and Digitonthophagus gazella. In contrary to our expectations, horn size was independent of contamination and individual condition. However, strong positive allometric relationships were reduced by herbicide contamination for C. incertus and D. gazella and were increased by ivermectin for C. incertus, revealing differential investment in horn production according to body size in contaminated habitats. At the population level, large-horned C. incertus males were more abundant in contaminated pastures, potentially revealing a case of evolutionary rescue by sexual selection or a plastic response to higher population densities. Finally, chemical compounds affected the sexual size dimorphism of all three species, with potential effects on female fecundity or intrasexual selection. Together, our findings indicate that contamination interferes with sexual selection processes in the wild, opening new questions regarding the role of sexual selection in favouring species persistence in contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Daniel González-Tokman
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología A.C, Xalapa, Mexico.,CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico
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25
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Watts J, Hebets EA, Tenhumberg B. Mate sampling behavior determines the density-dependence of sexual selection. Am Nat 2022; 200:467-485. [DOI: 10.1086/720716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Higher cortisol in muscle correlates with weaker strength of female mate preference in the swordtail fish Xiphophorus multilineatus. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Vasudeva R, Graziano M, Pointer M, Cole B, West G. Obituary: Professor Matthew James George Gage (1967-2022). Evolution 2022. [PMID: 35421257 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramakrishnan Vasudeva
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Marco Graziano
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Michael Pointer
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Benjamin Cole
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - George West
- University of East Anglia, School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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28
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Corbel Q, Serra M, García-Roa R, Carazo P. Male adaptive plasticity can explain the evolution of sexual perception costs. Am Nat 2022; 200:E110-E123. [DOI: 10.1086/720404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Hosken D, Wedell N, Stockley P. Obituary in memoriam of Professor Matthew J.G. Gage. Anim Behav 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Sharda S, Kawecki TJ, Hollis B. Adaptation to a bacterial pathogen in Drosophila melanogaster is not aided by sexual selection. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8543. [PMID: 35169448 PMCID: PMC8840902 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that sexual selection should aid adaptation to novel environments, but empirical support for this idea is limited. Pathogens are a major driver of host evolution and, unlike abiotic selection pressures, undergo epidemiological and co-evolutionary cycles with the host involving adaptation and counteradaptation. Because of this, populations harbor ample genetic variation underlying immunity and the opportunity for sexual selection based on condition-dependent "good genes" is expected to be large. In this study, we evolved populations of Drosophila melanogaster in a 2-way factorial design manipulating sexual selection and pathogen presence, using a gram-negative insect pathogen Pseudomonas entomophila, for 14 generations. We then examined how the presence of sexual selection and the pathogen, as well as any potential interaction, affected the evolution of pathogen resistance. We found increased resistance to P. entomophila in populations that evolved under pathogen pressure, driven primarily by increased female survival after infection despite selection for resistance acting only on males over the course of experimental evolution. This result suggests that the genetic basis of resistance is in part shared between the sexes. We did not find any evidence of sexual selection aiding adaptation to pathogen, however, a finding contrary to the predictions of "good genes" theory. Our results therefore provide no support for a role for sexual selection in the evolution of immunity in this experimental system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Sharda
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Tadeusz J. Kawecki
- Department of Ecology and EvolutionUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Brian Hollis
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSouth CarolinaUSA
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Urine Metabolomics Reveals the Effects of Confined Environment on Mating Choice in Adult Male Giant Pandas. Physiol Behav 2022; 249:113744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Ranéa C, Pariz JR, Drevet JR, Hallak J. Sperm motility in asthenozoospermic semen samples can be improved by incubation in a continuous single culture medium (CSCM®). Syst Biol Reprod Med 2022; 68:25-35. [PMID: 35100915 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2021.2004623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Standard protocols for clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratories recommend incubating semen at 37°C in 5% CO2 without strictly specifying which medium should be used or for how long. This study aimed to test the most common different incubation media used in Latin American andrology and micromanipulation laboratories and verify which, if any, is the most appropriate medium to improve asthenozoospermic semen samples' motility in the infertile male population. Ejaculates (136) collected from asthenozoospermic men were divided into two cohorts with similar characteristics (cohort 1; n = 28 and cohort 2; n = 108). Cohort 1 was used to evaluate the optimal incubation time with regard to unprepared asthenozoospermic sample sperm motility. After defining an optimal incubation period of 2 h, cohort 2 was used to evaluate which of the four media commonly used in IVF clinics (continuous single culture medium = CSCM®; SpermRinse medium = SR®; in vitro fertilization medium = G-IVF® and human tubal fluid medium = HTF®) was preferred for semen samples from asthenozoospermic patients. Overall, it was determined that a 2-h incubation in CSCM® medium led to the highest asthenozoospermic sperm motility. Thus, this simple, cost-effective, easily reproducible protocol could prove extremely useful for andrology laboratories working with IVF clinics dealing with asthenozoospermic semen specimens. This is particularly relevant since the incidence of the latter is on the rise as semen quality decreases around the globe.Abbreviations: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; ARTs: Assisted reproductive techniques; BWW: Biggers, Whitten, and Whittingham; CO2: Carbon dioxide; CPM: counted per minute; CSCM: Continuous Single Culture Medium; DAB: 3.3'- diaminobenzidine; DFI: DNA Fragmentation Index; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide; G-IVF: In Vitro Fertilization Medium; GSH: Glutathione; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; HDS: High DNA Stainability; HSA: Human Serum Albumin; HTF: Human Tubal Fluid; HYP: Hyperactivity; ICSI: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IUI: Intrauterine insemination; IVF: in vitro fertilization; LIN: Linearity; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species-level; SC: Sperm concentration; SCA: Sperm Computer Analysis; SCSA: Sperm Chromatin Structural Assay; SR: SpermRinse medium; SSS: Synthetic Serum Substitute; STR: Straightness; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TNE: Tris-Borate-EDTA; TSC: Total sperm count; VAP: Mean velocity; VCL: Curvilinear velocity; VSL: Linear velocity; WHO: World Health Organization; WOB: Wobble; spz: spermatozoa; AO: antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ranéa
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Hospital Das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Risso Pariz
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Hospital Das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Reproductive Toxicology Unit, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joël R Drevet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Hospital Das Clinicas, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Reproductive Toxicology Unit, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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33
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Singh A, Agrawal AF. Sex-specific Variance in Fitness and the Efficacy of Selection. Am Nat 2022; 199:587-602. [DOI: 10.1086/719015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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34
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Sorci G, Lesobre L, Vuarin P, Levêque G, Saint Jalme M, Lacroix F, Hingrat Y. Enforced monoandry over generations induces a reduction of female investment into reproduction in a promiscuous bird. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2773-2783. [PMID: 34950228 PMCID: PMC8674888 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While uncovering the costs and benefits of polyandry has attracted considerable attention, assessing the net effect of sexual selection on population fitness requires the experimental manipulation of female mating over generations, which is usually only achievable in laboratory populations of arthropods. However, knowing if sexual selection improves or impairs the expression of life-history traits is key for the management of captive populations of endangered species, which are mostly long-lived birds and mammals. It might therefore be questionable to extrapolate the results gathered on laboratory populations of insects to infer the net effect of sexual selection on populations of endangered species. Here, we used a longitudinal dataset that has been collected on a long-lived bird, the houbara bustard, kept in a conservation breeding program, to investigate the effect of enforced monoandry on female investment into reproduction. In captivity, female houbara bustards are artificially inseminated with sperm collected from a single male (enforced monoandry), or sequentially inseminated with semen of different males (polyandry), allowing postcopulatory sexual selection to operate. We identified female lines that were produced either by monoandrous or polyandrous inseminations over three generations, and we compared reproductive investment of females from the two mating system groups. We found that females in the polyandrous lines had higher investment into reproduction as they laid more eggs per season and produced heavier hatchlings. Higher reproductive investment into reproduction in the polyandrous lines did not result from inherited differences from females initially included in the two mating system groups. These results show that removal of sexual selection can alter reproductive investment after only few generations, potentially hindering population fitness and the success of conservation breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sorci
- BiogéosciencesUMR 6282 CNRSUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
| | - Loïc Lesobre
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLCAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Pauline Vuarin
- BiogéosciencesUMR 6282 CNRSUniversité de Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéDijonFrance
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLCAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
- Present address:
Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ‐ UMR CNRS 5558Université Claude Bernard Lyon 116 rue Raphaël Dubois69622Villeurbanne CedexFrance
| | | | - Michel Saint Jalme
- Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la ConservationUMR 7204 MNHN CNRS‐UPMCMuseum National d'Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Frédéric Lacroix
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLCAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Yves Hingrat
- Reneco International Wildlife Consultants LLCAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
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Kokko H. The stagnation paradox: the ever-improving but (more or less) stationary population fitness. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212145. [PMID: 34784767 PMCID: PMC8596016 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fisher's fundamental theorem states that natural selection improves mean fitness. Fitness, in turn, is often equated with population growth. This leads to an absurd prediction that life evolves to ever-faster growth rates, yet no one seriously claims generally slower population growth rates in the Triassic compared with the present day. I review here, using non-technical language, how fitness can improve yet stay constant (stagnation paradox), and why an unambiguous measure of population fitness does not exist. Subfields use different terminology for aspects of the paradox, referring to stasis, cryptic evolution or the difficulty of choosing an appropriate fitness measure; known resolutions likewise use diverse terms from environmental feedback to density dependence and ‘evolutionary environmental deterioration’. The paradox vanishes when these concepts are understood, and adaptation can lead to declining reproductive output of a population when individuals can improve their fitness by exploiting conspecifics. This is particularly readily observable when males participate in a zero-sum game over paternity and population output depends more strongly on female than male fitness. Even so, the jury is still out regarding the effect of sexual conflict on population fitness. Finally, life-history theory and genetic studies of microevolutionary change could pay more attention to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Winkler L, Moiron M, Morrow EH, Janicke T. Stronger net selection on males across animals. eLife 2021; 10:e68316. [PMID: 34787569 PMCID: PMC8598160 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is considered the major driver for the evolution of sex differences. However, the eco-evolutionary dynamics of sexual selection and their role for a population's adaptive potential to respond to environmental change have only recently been explored. Theory predicts that sexual selection promotes adaptation at a low demographic cost only if sexual selection is aligned with natural selection and if net selection is stronger on males compared to females. We used a comparative approach to show that net selection is indeed stronger in males and provide preliminary support that this sex bias is associated with sexual selection. Given that both sexes share the vast majority of their genes, our findings corroborate the notion that the genome is often confronted with a more stressful environment when expressed in males. Collectively, our study supports one of the long-standing key assumptions required for sexual selection to bolster adaptation, and sexual selection may therefore enable some species to track environmental change more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Moiron
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
| | - Edward H Morrow
- Department for Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad UniversityKarlstadSweden
| | - Tim Janicke
- Applied Zoology, Technical University DresdenDresdenGermany
- CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRDMontpellierFrance
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Rowe L, Rundle HD. The Alignment of Natural and Sexual Selection. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012021-033324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sexual selection has the potential to decrease mean fitness in a population through an array of costs to nonsexual fitness. These costs may be offset when sexual selection favors individuals with high nonsexual fitness, causing the alignment of sexual and natural selection. We review the many laboratory experiments that have manipulated mating systems aimed at quantifying the net effects of sexual selection on mean fitness. These must be interpreted in light of population history and the diversity of ways manipulations have altered sexual interactions, sexual conflict, and sexual and natural selection. Theory and data suggest a net benefit is more likely when sexually concordant genetic variation is enhanced and that ecological context can mediate the relative importance of these different effects. Comparative studies have independently examined the consequences of sexual selection for population/species persistence. These provide little indication of a benefit, and interpreting these higher-level responses is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Locke Rowe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
| | - Howard D. Rundle
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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Parrett JM, Ghobert V, Cullen FS, Knell RJ. Strong sexual selection fails to protect against inbreeding-driven extinction in a moth. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Sexual selection is predicted to influence population persistence because skew in male reproductive success may facilitate the purging of mutation load. We manipulated the strength of sexual selection in populations of Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella, by adjusting adult sex ratios to be either male- or female-biased, leading to strong and weak sexual selection in males, respectively. After between 19 and 22 generations of experimental evolution, we examined whether mutation load differed between these populations by enforcing successive generations of inbreeding, tracking extinction events, offspring viability and assaying the effect of inbreeding on male mating success and female choice. We found no effect of the strength of sexual selection on the rate of extinction or offspring viability. We did, however, find changes in both male mating success and female choice, with both being influenced by the sex ratio treatment and the number of generations of inbreeding. Males from male-biased populations were more successful at mating with stock females, and mating success declined rapidly with inbreeding regardless of sex ratio treatment. Females from male-biased populations were less likely to mate with stock males at the onset of the experiment, but tended to mate more frequently with increasing inbreeding compared to females from female-biased populations. Our results demonstrate that while mating behaviors have diverged between male-biased and female-biased lines mutation loads remained similar. This suggests that the benefits of sexual selection to population fitness may be low or slow to accumulate under the benign environmental conditions in which these populations evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Parrett
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Evolutionary Biology Group, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, Poznań, Poland
| | - Veronica Ghobert
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fenn S Cullen
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Knell
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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39
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Minnameyer A, Strobl V, Bruckner S, Camenzind DW, Van Oystaeyen A, Wäckers F, Williams GR, Yañez O, Neumann P, Straub L. Eusocial insect declines: Insecticide impairs sperm and feeding glands in bumblebees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:146955. [PMID: 33957580 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are contributing to global insect declines, thereby creating demand to understand the mechanisms underlying reduced fitness. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, inclusive fitness depends on successful mating of male sexuals (drones) and efficient collaborative brood care by female workers. Therefore, sublethal insecticide effects on sperm and glands used in larval feeding (hypopharyngeal glands (HPG)) would provide key mechanisms for population declines in eusocial insects. However, while negative impacts for bumblebee colony fitness have been documented, the effects of insecticide exposure on individual physiology are less well understood. Here, we show that field-realistic concentrations (4.5-40 ng ml-1) of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam significantly impair Bombus terrestris sperm and HPGs, thereby providing plausible mechanisms underlying bumblebee population decline. In the laboratory, drones and workers were exposed to five thiamethoxam concentrations (4.5 to 1000 ng ml-1). Then, survival, food consumption, body mass, HPG development, sperm quantity and viability were assessed. At all concentrations, drones were more exposed than workers due to higher food consumption. Increased body mass was observed in drones starting at 20 ng ml-1 and in workers at 100 ng ml-1. Furthermore, environmentally realistic concentrations (4.5-40 ng ml-1) did not significantly affect survival or consumption for either sex. However, thiamethoxam exposure significantly negatively affected both sperm viability and HPG development at all tested concentrations. Therefore, the results indicate a trade-off between survival and fitness components, possibly due to costly detoxification. Since sperm and HPG are corner stones of colony fitness, the data offer plausible mechanisms for bumblebee population declines. To adequately mitigate ongoing biodiversity declines for the eusocial insects, this study suggests it is essential to evaluate the impact of insecticides on fitness parameters of both sexuals and workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Minnameyer
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selina Bruckner
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Domenic W Camenzind
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Orlando Yañez
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland.
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40
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Strobl V, Albrecht M, Villamar-Bouza L, Tosi S, Neumann P, Straub L. The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117106. [PMID: 33930781 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing loss of global biodiversity is endangering ecosystem functioning and human food security. While environmental pollutants are well known to reduce fertility, the potential effects of common neonicotinoid insecticides on insect fertility remain poorly understood. Here, we show that field-realistic neonicotinoid exposure can drastically impact male insect fertility. In the laboratory, male and female solitary bees Osmia cornuta were exposed to four concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to measure survival, food consumption, and sperm traits. Despite males being exposed to higher dosages of thiamethoxam, females revealed an overall increased hazard rate for survival; suggesting sex-specific differences in toxicological sensitivity. All tested sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1.5, 4.5 and 10 ng g-1) reduced sperm quantity by 57% and viability by 42% on average, with the lowest tested concentration leading to a reduction in total living sperm by 90%. As the tested sublethal concentrations match estimates of global neonicotinoid pollution, this reveals a plausible mechanism for population declines, thereby reflecting a realistic concern. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is required to decelerate the ongoing loss of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Strobl
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Laura Villamar-Bouza
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Pesticides Unit, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Tosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
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Grieshop K, Maurizio PL, Arnqvist G, Berger D. Selection in males purges the mutation load on female fitness. Evol Lett 2021; 5:328-343. [PMID: 34367659 PMCID: PMC8327962 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Theory predicts that the ability of selection and recombination to purge mutation load is enhanced if selection against deleterious genetic variants operates more strongly in males than females. However, direct empirical support for this tenet is limited, in part because traditional quantitative genetic approaches allow dominance and intermediate-frequency polymorphisms to obscure the effects of the many rare and partially recessive deleterious alleles that make up the main part of a population's mutation load. Here, we exposed the partially recessive genetic load of a population of Callosobruchus maculatus seed beetles via successive generations of inbreeding, and quantified its effects by measuring heterosis-the increase in fitness experienced when masking the effects of deleterious alleles by heterozygosity-in a fully factorial sex-specific diallel cross among 16 inbred strains. Competitive lifetime reproductive success (i.e., fitness) was measured in male and female outcrossed F1s as well as inbred parental "selfs," and we estimated the 4 × 4 male-female inbred-outbred genetic covariance matrix for fitness using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations of a custom-made general linear mixed effects model. We found that heterosis estimated independently in males and females was highly genetically correlated among strains, and that heterosis was strongly negatively genetically correlated to outbred male, but not female, fitness. This suggests that genetic variation for fitness in males, but not in females, reflects the amount of (partially) recessive deleterious alleles segregating at mutation-selection balance in this population. The population's mutation load therefore has greater potential to be purged via selection in males. These findings contribute to our understanding of the prevalence of sexual reproduction in nature and the maintenance of genetic variation in fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Grieshop
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75236Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM5S 3B2Canada
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSE‐10691Sweden
| | - Paul L. Maurizio
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of MedicineUniversity of ChicagoChicagoIllinois60637
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75236Sweden
| | - David Berger
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and GeneticsUppsala UniversityUppsalaSE‐75236Sweden
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Vasudeva R, Dickinson M, Sutter A, Powell S, Sales K, Gage M. Facultative polyandry protects females from compromised male fertility caused by heatwave conditions. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Zhang MY, Zhang XH, Zhang P, Liu YL, An JH, Wang DH, Cai ZG, Hou R. Natural reproductive performance is associated with captive management in adult male giant pandas. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2021.105353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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44
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Natural selection increases female fitness by reversing the exaggeration of a male sexually selected trait. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3420. [PMID: 34103535 PMCID: PMC8187464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Theory shows how sexual selection can exaggerate male traits beyond naturally selected optima and also how natural selection can ultimately halt trait elaboration. Empirical evidence supports this theory, but to our knowledge, there have been no experimental evolution studies directly testing this logic, and little examination of possible associated effects on female fitness. Here we use experimental evolution of replicate populations of broad-horned flour beetles to test for effects of sex-specific predation on an exaggerated sexually selected male trait (the mandibles), while also testing for effects on female lifetime reproductive success. We find that populations subjected to male-specific predation evolve smaller sexually selected mandibles and this indirectly increases female fitness, seemingly through intersexual genetic correlations we document. Predation solely on females has no effects. Our findings support fundamental theory, but also reveal unforseen outcomes-the indirect effect on females-when natural selection targets sex-limited sexually selected characters.
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Miller EC, Mesnick SL, Wiens JJ. Sexual Dichromatism Is Decoupled from Diversification over Deep Time in Fishes. Am Nat 2021; 198:232-252. [PMID: 34260865 DOI: 10.1086/715114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSexually selected traits have long been thought to drive diversification, but support for this hypothesis has been persistently controversial. In fishes, sexually dimorphic coloration is associated with assortative mating and speciation among closely related species, as shown in classic studies. However, it is unclear whether these results can generalize to explain diversity patterns across ray-finned fishes, which contain the majority of vertebrate species and 96% of fishes. Here, we use phylogenetic approaches to test for an association between sexual dichromatism and diversification rates (speciation minus extinction) in ray-finned fishes. We assembled dichromatism data for 10,898 species, a data set of unprecedented size. We found no difference in diversification rates between monochromatic and dichromatic species when including all ray-finned fishes. However, at lower phylogenetic scales (within orders and families), some intermediate-sized clades did show an effect of dichromatism on diversification. Surprisingly, dichromatism could significantly increase or decrease diversification rates. Moreover, we found no effect in many of the clades initially used to link dichromatism to speciation in fishes (e.g., cichlids) or an effect only at shallow scales (within subclades). Overall, we show how the effects of dichromatism on diversification are highly variable in direction and restricted to certain clades and phylogenetic scales.
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Pointer MD, Gage MJG, Spurgin LG. Tribolium beetles as a model system in evolution and ecology. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:869-883. [PMID: 33767370 PMCID: PMC8178323 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flour beetles of the genus Tribolium have been utilised as informative study systems for over a century and contributed to major advances across many fields. This review serves to highlight the significant historical contribution that Tribolium study systems have made to the fields of ecology and evolution, and to promote their use as contemporary research models. We review the broad range of studies employing Tribolium to make significant advances in ecology and evolution. We show that research using Tribolium beetles has contributed a substantial amount to evolutionary and ecological understanding, especially in the fields of population dynamics, reproduction and sexual selection, population and quantitative genetics, and behaviour, physiology and life history. We propose a number of future research opportunities using Tribolium, with particular focus on how their amenability to forward and reverse genetic manipulation may provide a valuable complement to other insect models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Pointer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Matthew J G Gage
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Lewis G Spurgin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Klug H, Stone L. More than just noise: Chance, mating success, and sexual selection. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:6326-6340. [PMID: 34141221 PMCID: PMC8207380 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chance plays a critical but underappreciated role in determining mating success. In many cases, we tend to think of chance as background noise that can be ignored in studies of mating dynamics. When the influence of chance is consistent across contexts, chance can be thought of as background noise; in other cases, however, the impact of chance on mating success can influence our understanding of how mates are acquired and how sexual selection operates. In particular, when the importance of chance covaries with biological or ecological factors in a systematic manner-that is, when chance becomes consistently more or less important under certain conditions-then chance is important to consider if we want to fully understand the operation of mate acquisition and sexual selection. Here, we present a model that explores how chance covaries with factors such as sex ratio, adult population size, and mating regime in determining variation in mating success. We find that in some cases, chance covaries with adult population size and the operational sex ratio to create variation in mating success. We discuss how chance can influence our more general understanding of the operation of mating dynamics and sexual selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Klug
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA
- SimCenterUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA
| | - Libby Stone
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental ScienceUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA
- The Honors CollegeUniversity of Tennessee at ChattanoogaChattanoogaTNUSA
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48
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Bell DA, Kovach RP, Robinson ZL, Whiteley AR, Reed TE. The ecological causes and consequences of hard and soft selection. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:1505-1521. [PMID: 33931936 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between natural selection and population dynamics are central to both evolutionary-ecology and biological responses to anthropogenic change. Natural selection is often thought to incur a demographic cost that, at least temporarily, reduces population growth. However, hard and soft selection clarify that the influence of natural selection on population dynamics depends on ecological context. Under hard selection, an individual's fitness is independent of the population's phenotypic composition, and substantial population declines can occur when phenotypes are mismatched with the environment. In contrast, under soft selection, an individual's fitness is influenced by its phenotype relative to other interacting conspecifics. Soft selection generally influences which, but not how many, individuals survive and reproduce, resulting in little effect on population growth. Despite these important differences, the distinction between hard and soft selection is rarely considered in ecology. Here, we review and synthesize literature on hard and soft selection, explore their ecological causes and implications and highlight their conservation relevance to climate change, inbreeding depression, outbreeding depression and harvest. Overall, these concepts emphasise that natural selection and evolution may often have negligible or counterintuitive effects on population growth-underappreciated outcomes that have major implications in a rapidly changing world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donovan A Bell
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | | | - Zachary L Robinson
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Andrew R Whiteley
- Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Thomas E Reed
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
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49
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Sexual Selection: Evolutionary Foundations. Anim Behav 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-82879-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Kyogoku D, Sota T. Sexual selection increased offspring production via evolution of male and female traits. J Evol Biol 2020; 34:501-511. [PMID: 33314378 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic evolution driven by sexual selection can impact the fitness of individuals and thus population performance through multiple mechanisms, but it is unresolved how and when sexual selection affects offspring production by females. We examined the effects of sexual selection on offspring production by females using replicated experimental evolutionary lines of Callosobruchus chinensis that were kept under polygamy (with sexual selection) or monogamy (without sexual selection) for 21 generations. We found that polygamous-line pairs produced more offspring than monogamous-line pairs, because polygamous-line beetles evolved to be larger than monogamous-line beetles, and larger females were more fecund. Egg hatchability did not differ between polygamous- and monogamous-line pairs, as a result of the positive and negative effects of sexual selection cancelling out. When mated with an individual from a common tester line, both polygamous-line females and males showed higher hatchability in resultant eggs than monogamous ones. Further, cohabitation with a male reduced egg hatchability, and this effect was more pronounced in polygamous-line than in monogamous-line males. These results demonstrate multiple mechanisms by which sexual selection affects female fitness, with the net effect being positive. Analyses of how development time, body size and male genital morphology were influenced by selection regime suggest that these results arose from both evolution via good-gene processes and sexually antagonistic selection. Our results are also consistent with the hypothesis that the fitness consequences of sexual selection for females are dependent on the evolutionary history of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kyogoku
- Ecological Integration, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teiji Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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