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Libert A, Roucou A, Hays B, Glorieux R, Robert S, Fabre B, Kassi S, Urbain X, Lauzin C. Assignment of the methanol OH-stretch overtone spectrum using the pattern recognition method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16505-16513. [PMID: 38812442 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00757c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
We present the measurement and analysis of the 2OH stretching band of methanol between 7165 cm-1 and 7230 cm-1 cooled down to 26 ± 12 K in a buffer gas cooling experiment. Measurements were performed with a cavity ring-down spectrometer having a detection limit αmin = 2 × 10-10 cm-1. A total of 350 rovibrational transitions were assigned and 62 rovibrational transitions were tentatively assigned. This assignment was performed using the pattern recognition method developed by Rakvoský et al. [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 20193-20200]. In this work, we extended their method by using information on the relative intensities of the transitions to add one criterion to the validation of the assignments, allowing us to firmly assign 188 additional rovibrational transitions and to tentatively assign 14 more compared to the ir work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Libert
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, B-1180 Uccle, Belgium
| | - Anthony Roucou
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosphère, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, UR4493, 189A Avenue Maurice Schumann, 59140 Dunkerque, France
| | - Brian Hays
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Robin Glorieux
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Séverine Robert
- Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, B-1180 Uccle, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Fabre
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR5107, F33405 Talence, France
| | - Samir Kassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Urbain
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Clément Lauzin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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2
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Cai Y, Chen Y, Dorfman K, Xin X, Wang X, Huang K, Wu E. Mid-infrared single-photon upconversion spectroscopy enabled by nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3503. [PMID: 38640245 PMCID: PMC11029809 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasensitive spectroscopy is an essential component in mid-infrared (MIR) technology. However, the drawbacks of MIR detectors pose challenges to robust MIR spectroscopy at the single-photon level. We propose an MIR single-photon frequency upconversion spectroscopy nonlocally mapping the MIR information to the time domain. Broadband MIR photons from spontaneous parametric downconversion are frequency-upconverted to the near-infrared band with quantum correlation preservation. Via the group delay of fiber, the MIR spectral information within a 1.18-micrometer bandwidth of 2.76 to 3.94 micrometers is then successfully projected to arrival times of correlated photon pairs. Under the conditions of 6.4 × 106 photons per second illumination, the transmission spectra of polymers with single-photon sensitivity are demonstrated using single-pixel detectors. The developed approach circumvents scanning and frequency selection instability, which stands out for its inherent compatibility for evolving environments and scalability for various wavelengths. Because of its high sensitivity and robustness, characterization of biochemical samples and weak measurement of quantum systems are possible to foresee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Konstantin Dorfman
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Center for Theoretical Physics and School of Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Himalayan Institute for Advanced Study, Unit of Gopinath Seva Foundation, MIG 38, Avas Vikas, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249201, India
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaoning Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Kun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - E Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401120, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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3
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Miyamoto Y, Hiramoto A, Iwakuni K, Kuma S, Enomoto K, Nakayama N, Baba M. Analysis on high-resolution spectrum of the S1-S0 transition of free-base phthalocyanine. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144304. [PMID: 38591681 DOI: 10.1063/5.0191810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
A high-resolution absorption spectrum of the S1-S0 transition of free-base phthalocyanine was observed and analyzed with improved reliability. The spectrum, with a partially resolved rotational structure, was obtained by using the buffer-gas cooling technique and a single-mode tunable laser. Our new analysis reveals that the S1←S0000 band belongs to the a-type transition, where the electronic transition moment aligns parallel to the NH-HN direction, allowing the assignment of the S1 state to 1B3u. These results agree with a prior study using supersonic expansion and are well supported by theoretical calculations. Interestingly, the rotational constant B in the S1 state, which is often smaller than that in the ground state for typical molecules, was found to be slightly larger than that in the S01Ag state. This suggests a change in the character of π bonds with the electronic excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Ayami Hiramoto
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kana Iwakuni
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Kuma
- Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Naofumi Nakayama
- CONFLEX Corporation, 3-23-17 Takanawa, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0074, Japan
| | - Masaaki Baba
- Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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4
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Vogt E, Jensen CV, Kjaergaard HG. Effect of Temperature on the OH-Stretching Bands of the Methanol Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:392-400. [PMID: 38179925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
We present a conceptually simple model for understanding the significant spectral changes that occur with the temperature in the infrared spectra of hydrogen-bound complexes. We have measured room-temperature spectra of the methanol dimer and two deuterated isotopologues in the OH(D)-stretching region. We correctly predict spectral changes observed in the gas phase for the bound OH stretch in the methanol dimer from jet-cooled to room temperature and corroborate this with experimental and theoretical results for deuterated isotopologues. The origin of the observed spectral features is explained based on a reduced-dimensional vibrational model, which includes the two high-frequency OH stretches, the two methyl torsions, and the six intermolecular low-frequency vibrations. Key to the success of the model is a new coordinate definition to describe the intrinsic large-amplitude curvilinear motion of low-frequency vibrations. Despite the deceivingly simple appearance of the room temperature bound OH-stretching fundamental band, it consists of ∼107 vibrational transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Vogt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Casper Vindahl Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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5
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Wright AD, Nelson JC, Weichman ML. Rovibrational Polaritons in Gas-Phase Methane. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5982-5987. [PMID: 36867733 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Polaritonic states arise when a bright optical transition of a molecular ensemble is resonantly matched to an optical cavity mode frequency. Here, we lay the groundwork to study the behavior of polaritons in clean, isolated systems by establishing a new platform for vibrational strong coupling in gas-phase molecules. We access the strong coupling regime in an intracavity cryogenic buffer gas cell optimized for the preparation of simultaneously cold and dense ensembles and report a proof-of-principle demonstration in gas-phase methane. We strongly cavity-couple individual rovibrational transitions and probe a range of coupling strengths and detunings. We reproduce our findings with classical cavity transmission simulations in the presence of strong intracavity absorbers. This infrastructure will provide a new testbed for benchmark studies of cavity-altered chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jane C Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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6
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Han L, Sun Y, Wang Y, Fu H, Duan C, Wang M, Cai W, Shao X. Ultra-high resolution near-infrared spectrum by wavelet packet transform revealing the hydrogen bond interactions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 289:122233. [PMID: 36525810 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resolution is always an obstacle to analyzing the fine structure of a spectrum. The problem is particularly serious in the analysis of the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of aqueous solutions, because the spectrum is generally composed of overlapping broad peaks making the understanding of the structures and the interactions notoriously difficult. In this work, wavelet packet transform (WPT) was adopted to enhance the resolution of the NIR spectra of aqueous mixtures. Due to the microscopic ability of WPT in both position and frequency, the fine details of a spectrum can be observed in the spectral components of different frequencies obtained by WPT decomposition. Ultra-high resolution spectrum can be obtained from the high-frequency component representing the spectral features. Spectral features of different hydrogen-bonded OH, as well as the OH in HOH and HOD, were identified from the high-resolution NIR spectra of water and heavy water mixtures and validated by the variation of the spectral intensity with the mole ratio of H2O and D2O. The high-resolution spectrum was further applied in analyzing the interaction of amine and water. The spectral features of the hydrogen bonding between CH/NH in tert-butylamine (TBA) and OH in water were observed. The structures of CH bonded to one water molecule, and the structures of NH connecting with one and two water molecules were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Haohao Fu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Chaoshu Duan
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Mian Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Wensheng Cai
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xueguang Shao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
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7
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Miyamoto Y, Tobaru R, Takahashi Y, Hiramoto A, Iwakuni K, Kuma S, Enomoto K, Baba M. High-resolution spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled phthalocyanine. Commun Chem 2022; 5:161. [PMID: 36697667 PMCID: PMC9814875 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For over five decades, studies in the field of chemical physics and physical chemistry have primarily aimed to understand the quantum properties of molecules. However, high-resolution rovibronic spectroscopy has been limited to relatively small and simple systems because translationally and rotationally cold samples have not been prepared in sufficiently large quantities for large and complex systems. In this study, we present high-resolution rovibronic spectroscopy results for large gas-phase molecules, namely, free-base phthalocya-nine (FBPc). The findings suggest that buffer-gas cooling may be effective for large molecules introduced via laser ablation. High-resolution electronic spectroscopy, combined with other experimental and theoretical studies, will be useful in understanding the quantum properties of molecules. These findings also serve as a guide for quantum chemical calculations of large molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Miyamoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama Japan
| | - Reo Tobaru
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama Japan
| | - Yuiki Takahashi
- grid.20861.3d0000000107068890Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Ayami Hiramoto
- grid.261356.50000 0001 1302 4472Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama Japan
| | - Kana Iwakuni
- grid.266298.10000 0000 9271 9936Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo Japan
| | - Susumu Kuma
- grid.7597.c0000000094465255Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama Japan
| | - Katsunari Enomoto
- grid.267346.20000 0001 2171 836XDepartment of Physics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Baba
- grid.31432.370000 0001 1092 3077Molecular Photoscience Research Center, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe Japan
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8
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Absolute frequency metrology of buffer-gas-cooled molecular spectra at 1 kHz accuracy level. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7016. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBy reducing both the internal and translational temperature of any species down to a few kelvins, the buffer-gas-cooling (BGC) technique has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of ro-vibrational molecular spectra, thus offering unique opportunities for transition frequency measurements with unprecedented accuracy. However, the difficulty in integrating metrological-grade spectroscopic tools into bulky cryogenic equipment has hitherto prevented from approaching the kHz level even in the best cases. Here, we overcome this drawback by an original opto-mechanical scheme which, effectively coupling a Lamb-dip saturated-absorption cavity ring-down spectrometer to a BGC source, allows us to determine the absolute frequency of the acetylene (ν1 + ν3) R(1)e transition at 6561.0941 cm−1 with a fractional uncertainty as low as 6 × 10−12. By improving the previous record with buffer-gas-cooled molecules by one order of magnitude, our approach paves the way for a number of ultra-precise low-temperature spectroscopic studies, aimed at both fundamental Physics tests and optimized laser cooling strategies.
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9
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CHAWANANON S, Pirali O, Goubet M, ASSELIN P. Characterizing centrosymmetric two-ring PAHs using jet-cooled high resolution mid-infrared laser spectroscopy and anharmonic Quantum Chemical calculations. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:064301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0096777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) molecules in the interstellar medium, recently confirmed by the detection of cyano-naphthalenes, renews the interest of extensive spectroscopic and physical-chemistry studies about such large species. The present study reports the jet-cooled rovibrational IR study of three centrosymmetric two-ring PAH molecules, naphthalene (C10H8), [1,5] naphthyridine (C8H6N2) and biphenyl (C12H10) in the in-plane ring C-H bending (975-1035 cm-1) and C-C ring stretching (1580-1620 cm-1) regions. For the two most rigid PAHs, the accuracy of spectroscopic parameters derived in ground and several excited states (6 for naphthalene and 6 for [1,5] naphthyridine) has significantly improved the literature values. In addition, comparison between experiments and quantum chemical calculations confirms the predictive power of the corrected calculated rotational parameters. The more flexible structure of biphenyl makes particularly challenging the analysis of high resolution jet-cooled spectra of n19 and n23 modes recorded at about 1601 and 1013 cm-1 respectively. The presence of three torsional vibrations below 120 cm-1 together with small values of the rotational constants prevented us to determine the ground and v19=1 excited rotational constants independently. In the n23 band region, the presence of two bands rotationally resolved and separated by only 0.8 cm-1, raises the question of possible splittings due to a large amplitude motion, most probably the torsion of the aliphatic bond between the two phenyl rings.
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10
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Roiz M, Vainio M. Versatile optical frequency combs based on multi-seeded femtosecond optical parametric generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17789-17805. [PMID: 36221593 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes and demonstrates a versatile method for near- and mid-infrared optical frequency comb generation using multi-seeded femtosecond optical parametric generation. The method allows one to divide the repetition rate by an arbitrarily large integer factor, freely tune the offset frequency, and adjust the common phase offset of the comb modes. Since all possible degrees of freedom are adjustable, the proposed method manifests itself as versatile optical frequency synthesis.
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11
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Lisak D, Charczun D, Nishiyama A, Voumard T, Wildi T, Kowzan G, Brasch V, Herr T, Fleisher AJ, Hodges JT, Ciuryło R, Cygan A, Masłowski P. Dual-comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2377. [PMID: 35149716 PMCID: PMC8837621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05926-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a ubiquitous optical method used to study light-matter interactions with high resolution, sensitivity and accuracy. However, it has never been performed with the multiplexing advantages of direct frequency comb spectroscopy without significantly compromising spectral resolution. We present dual-comb cavity ring-down spectroscopy (DC-CRDS) based on the parallel heterodyne detection of ring-down signals with a local oscillator comb to yield absorption and dispersion spectra. These spectra are obtained from widths and positions of cavity modes. We present two approaches which leverage the dynamic cavity response to coherently or randomly driven changes in the amplitude or frequency of the probe field. Both techniques yield accurate spectra of methane-an important greenhouse gas and breath biomarker. When combined with broadband frequency combs, the high sensitivity, spectral resolution and accuracy of our DC-CRDS technique shows promise for applications like studies of the structure and dynamics of large molecules, multispecies trace gas detection and isotopic composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.,National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Thibault Voumard
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thibault Wildi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Victor Brasch
- CSEM - Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Herr
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department, Universität Hamburg UHH, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam J Fleisher
- Optical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Joseph T Hodges
- Optical Measurements Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Roman Ciuryło
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudziądzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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12
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Santamaria L, Di Sarno V, Aiello R, De Rosa M, Ricciardi I, De Natale P, Maddaloni P. Infrared Comb Spectroscopy of Buffer-Gas-Cooled Molecules: Toward Absolute Frequency Metrology of Cold Acetylene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E250. [PMID: 33383699 PMCID: PMC7795711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the recent developments in precision ro-vibrational spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled neutral molecules, obtained using infrared frequency combs either as direct probe sources or as ultra-accurate optical rulers. In particular, we show how coherent broadband spectroscopy of complex molecules especially benefits from drastic simplification of the spectra brought about by cooling of internal temperatures. Moreover, cooling the translational motion allows longer light-molecule interaction times and hence reduced transit-time broadening effects, crucial for high-precision spectroscopy on simple molecules. In this respect, we report on the progress of absolute frequency metrology experiments with buffer-gas-cooled molecules, focusing on the advanced technologies that led to record measurements with acetylene. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for further improving the ultimate accuracy of the spectroscopic frequency measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santamaria
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Contrada Terlecchia, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Sarno
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Rosa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Iolanda Ricciardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo De Natale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maddaloni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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13
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Lind AJ, Kowligy A, Timmers H, Cruz FC, Nader N, Silfies MC, Allison TK, Diddams SA. Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Generation and Spectroscopy with Few-Cycle Pulses and χ^{(2)} Nonlinear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:133904. [PMID: 32302192 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.133904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mid-infrared atmospheric window of 3-5.5 μm holds valuable information regarding molecular composition and function for fundamental and applied spectroscopy. Using a robust, mode-locked fiber-laser source of <11 fs pulses in the near infrared, we explore quadratic (χ^{(2)}) nonlinear optical processes leading to frequency comb generation across this entire mid-infrared atmospheric window. With experiments and modeling, we demonstrate intrapulse difference frequency generation that yields few-cycle mid-infrared pulses in a single pass through periodically poled lithium niobate. Harmonic and cascaded χ^{(2)} nonlinearities further provide direct access to the carrier-envelope offset frequency of the near infrared driving pulse train. The high frequency stability of the mid-infrared frequency comb is exploited for spectroscopy of acetone and carbonyl sulfide with simultaneous bandwidths exceeding 11 THz and with spectral resolution as high as 0.003 cm^{-1}. The combination of low noise and broad spectral coverage enables detection of trace gases with concentrations in the part-per-billion range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Lind
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Abijith Kowligy
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Henry Timmers
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Flavio C Cruz
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Nima Nader
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Myles C Silfies
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Thomas K Allison
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Scott A Diddams
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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14
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Gianella M, Nataraj A, Tuzson B, Jouy P, Kapsalidis F, Beck M, Mangold M, Hugi A, Faist J, Emmenegger L. High-resolution and gapless dual comb spectroscopy with current-tuned quantum cascade lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:6197-6208. [PMID: 32225874 DOI: 10.1364/oe.379790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present gapless, high-resolution absorption and dispersion spectra obtained with quantum cascade laser frequency combs covering 55 cm-1. Using phase-sensitive dual comb design, the comb lines are gradually swept over 10 GHz, corresponding to the free spectral range of the laser devices, by applying a current modulation. We show that with interleaving the spectral point spacing is reduced by more than four orders of magnitude over the full spectral span of the frequency comb. The potential of this technique for high-precision gas sensing is illustrated by measuring the low pressure (107 hPa) absorption and dispersion spectra of methane spanning the range of 1170 cm-1 - 1225 cm-1 with a resolution of 0.001 cm-1.
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15
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Fingerprint characterization of M-EDTA complexes and iron compounds using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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16
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Zhang ZT, Tan Y, Wang J, Cheng CF, Sun YR, Liu AW, Hu SM. Seeded optical parametric oscillator light source for precision spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1013-1016. [PMID: 32058529 DOI: 10.1364/ol.384582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Precision spectroscopy of fundamental bands of molecules in the mid-infrared (MIR) region is of great interest in applications of trace detection and testing fundamental physics, where high-power and narrow-linewidth MIR lasers are needed. By using a frequency-stabilized near-infrared laser as a seed of the signal light of a continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator, we established a broadly tunable MIR light source that has an output power of several hundred milliwatts and a linewidth of a few tens of kilohertz. The MIR laser frequency drift was reduced to below 1 kHz by using an optical frequency comb to stabilize the frequency of the 1064 nm pumping laser. The performance of the light source was investigated and tested by measuring the saturated absorption spectroscopy of a few molecular transitions at 3.3 µm.
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17
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Nishiyama A, Kowzan G, Charczun D, Trawiński RS, Masłowski P. Optical frequency comb-based cavity-enhanced Fourier-transform spectroscopy: Application to collisional line-shape study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1911192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nishiyama
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Ryszard S. Trawiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Toruń 87-100, Poland
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18
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Kowzan G, Charczun D, Cygan A, Trawiński RS, Lisak D, Masłowski P. Broadband Optical Cavity Mode Measurements at Hz-Level Precision With a Comb-Based VIPA Spectrometer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8206. [PMID: 31160670 PMCID: PMC6547875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical frequency comb spectrometers open up new avenues of investigation into molecular structure and dynamics thanks to their accuracy, sensitivity and broadband, high-speed operation. We combine broadband direct frequency comb spectroscopy with a dispersive spectrometer providing single-spectrum acquisition time of a few tens of milliseconds and high spectral resolution. We interleave a few tens of such comb-resolved spectra to obtain profiles of 14-kHz wide cavity resonances and determine their positions with precision of a few hertz. To the best of our knowledge, these are the most precise and highest resolution spectral measurements performed with a broadband spectrometer, either comb-based or non-comb-based. This result pushes the limits of broadband comb-based spectroscopy to Hz-level regime. As a demonstration of these capabilities, we perform simultaneous cavity-enhanced measurements of molecular absorption and dispersion, deriving the gas spectra from cavity mode widths and positions. Such approach is particularly important for gas metrology and was made possible by the Hz-level resolution of the system. The presented method should be especially applicable to monitoring of chemical kinetics in, for example, plasma discharges or measurements of narrow resonances in cold atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kowzan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Dominik Charczun
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Agata Cygan
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Ryszard S Trawiński
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Daniel Lisak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ul. Grudziadzka 5, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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19
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Cotter W, Morrissey PE, Yang H, O'Callaghan J, Roycroft B, Corbett B, Peters FH. Integrated demultiplexing and amplification of coherent optical combs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:16012-16023. [PMID: 31163788 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.016012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the internet during the last few decades has been enabled by two complementary innovations in optical communications: the use of multiple optical channels within a single optical fibre, and the increase in the bandwidth of individual channels to hundreds of Gbps. Further increases in overall bandwidth look to be provided by more spectrally efficient optical superchannels that use coherent sub-carriers generated using optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Yet, a cost effective way of generating these signals has not been demonstrated. One crucial, but missing piece is an effective means to separate the closely frequency spaced optical sub-carriers from the coherent optical comb before placing information on each sub-carrier, and thus creating the OFDM signal. Here, we demonstrate a flexible strategy implemented in a compact photonic integrated circuit (PIC) that is used to separate and amplify these sub-carriers using on-chip injection locking.
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20
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Porterfield JP, Satterthwaite L, Eibenberger S, Patterson D, McCarthy MC. High sensitivity microwave spectroscopy in a cryogenic buffer gas cell. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:053104. [PMID: 31153235 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe an instrument which can be used to analyze complex chemical mixtures at high resolution and high sensitivity. Molecules are collisionally cooled with helium gas at cryogenic temperatures (∼4-7 K) and subsequently detected using chirped pulse microwave spectroscopy. Here, we demonstrate three significant improvements to the apparatus relative to an earlier version: (1) extension of its operating range by more than a factor of two, from 12-18 GHz to 12-26 GHz, which allows a much wider range of species to be characterized; (2) improved detection sensitivity owing to the use of cryogenically cooled low-noise amplifiers and protection switches; and (3) a versatile method of sample input that enables analysis of solids, liquids, gases, and solutions, without the need for chemical separation (as demonstrated with a 12-16 GHz spectrum of lemon oil). This instrument can record broadband microwave spectra at comparable sensitivity to high Q cavity spectrometers which use pulsed supersonic jets, but up to 3000 times faster with a modest increase in the sample consumption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lincoln Satterthwaite
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Sandra Eibenberger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Patterson
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Michael C McCarthy
- Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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21
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Martin-Drumel MA, Baraban JH, Changala PB, Stanton JF, McCarthy MC. The Hunt for Elusive Molecules: Insights from Joint Theoretical and Experimental Investigations. Chemistry 2019; 25:7243-7258. [PMID: 30673130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rotational spectroscopy is an invaluable tool to unambiguously determine the molecular structure of a species, and sometimes even to establish its very existence. This article illustrates how experimental and theoretical state-of-the-art tools can be used in tandem to investigate the rotational structure of molecules, with particular emphasis on those that have long remained elusive. The examples of three emblematic species-gauche-butadiene, disilicon carbide, and germanium dicarbide-highlight the close, mutually beneficial interaction between high-level theoretical calculations and sensitive microwave measurements. Prospects to detect other elusive molecules of chemical and astronomical interest are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aline Martin-Drumel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405, Orsay, France
| | - Joshua H Baraban
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - P Bryan Changala
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of, Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - John F Stanton
- Quantum Theory Project, Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Michael C McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
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22
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Iwakuni K, Bui TQ, Niedermeyer JF, Sukegawa T, Ye J. Comb-resolved spectroscopy with immersion grating in long-wave infrared. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:1911-1921. [PMID: 30732237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a dispersive spectrometer by using a compact immersion grating for direct frequency comb spectroscopy in the long-wave infrared region of 8-10 μm for the first time. A frequency resolution of 460 MHz is achieved, which is the highest reported in this wavelength region with a dispersive spectrometer. We also demonstrate individual comb mode-resolved imaging by cavity filtering and apply this to obtain spectra of both simple and complex molecular spectra. These results indicate that the immersion grating spectrometer offers the next advancement for sensitive, high-resolution spectroscopy of transient and large/complex molecules when combined with cavity enhancement and cooling techniques.
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23
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Mid-Infrared Tunable Laser-Based Broadband Fingerprint Absorption Spectroscopy for Trace Gas Sensing: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9020338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of gaseous chemical substances exhibit fundamental rovibrational absorption bands in the mid-infrared spectral region (2.5–25 μm), and the absorption of light by these fundamental bands provides a nearly universal means for their detection. A main feature of optical techniques is the non-intrusive in situ detection of trace gases. We reviewed primarily mid-infrared tunable laser-based broadband absorption spectroscopy for trace gas detection, focusing on 2008–2018. The scope of this paper is to discuss recent developments of system configuration, tunable lasers, detectors, broadband spectroscopic techniques, and their applications for sensitive, selective, and quantitative trace gas detection.
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24
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Changala PB, Weichman ML, Lee KF, Fermann ME, Ye J. Rovibrational quantum state resolution of the C 60 fullerene. Science 2019; 363:49-54. [PMID: 30606838 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The unique physical properties of buckminsterfullerene, C60, have attracted intense research activity since its original discovery. Total quantum state-resolved spectroscopy of isolated C60 molecules has been of particularly long-standing interest. Such observations have, to date, been unsuccessful owing to the difficulty in preparing cold, gas-phase C60 in sufficiently high densities. Here we report high-resolution infrared absorption spectroscopy of C60 in the 8.5-micron spectral region (1180 to 1190 wave number). A combination of cryogenic buffer-gas cooling and cavity-enhanced direct frequency comb spectroscopy has enabled the observation of quantum state-resolved rovibrational transitions. Characteristic nuclear spin statistical intensity patterns confirm the indistinguishability of the 60 carbon-12 atoms, while rovibrational fine structure encodes further details of the molecule's rare icosahedral symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bryan Changala
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
| | - Marissa L Weichman
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kevin F Lee
- IMRA America, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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25
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Cascade laser sensing concepts for advanced breath diagnostics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 411:1679-1686. [PMID: 30565171 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1509-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With more than a thousand constituents at trace level concentrations, exhaled breath analysis (EBA) allows for non-invasive point-of-care (POC) disease diagnostics and metabolic status monitoring in or close to real-time. A number of biomarkers in breath may be used to not only identify diseases and disease progression but also to monitor therapeutic interventions. Although the relationship of selected breath components/biomarkers with certain disease pathologies is well established, diagnosing the exhaled breath composition remains an analytical and practical challenge due to the concentration levels of molecules of interest, i.e., low parts-per-billion (ppb) regime and below. Besides the analytical assessment of breath components via conventional methods such as gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and related techniques, the application of cascade laser spectroscopy (CLS) is relatively new and exhibits several advantages when aiming for compact and user-friendly trace gas sensors with high molecular selectivity, the required sensitivity, and potentially reasonable instrumental costs. This trend article highlights the current status and potential of CLS in breath diagnostics with a focus on recent advancements in instrumentation and application along with future prospects and challenges. Graphical abstract Cascade laser technology in the mid-infrared spectral range enables sensitive and molecularly selective exhaled breath analysis with near real-time response, label-free detection, and point-of-care feasibility.
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26
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Zaleski DP, Prozument K. Automated assignment of rotational spectra using artificial neural networks. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:104106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5037715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Zaleski
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
USA
| | - Kirill Prozument
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439,
USA
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27
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Johansson AC, Rutkowski L, Filipsson A, Hausmaninger T, Zhao G, Axner O, Foltynowicz A. Broadband calibration-free cavity-enhanced complex refractive index spectroscopy using a frequency comb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20633-20648. [PMID: 30119372 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present broadband cavity-enhanced complex refractive index spectroscopy (CE-CRIS), a technique for calibration-free determination of the complex refractive index of entire molecular bands via direct measurement of transmission modes of a Fabry-Perot cavity filled with the sample. The measurement of the cavity transmission spectrum is done using an optical frequency comb and a mechanical Fourier transform spectrometer with sub-nominal resolution. Molecular absorption and dispersion spectra (corresponding to the imaginary and real parts of the refractive index) are obtained from the cavity mode broadening and shift retrieved from fits of Lorentzian profiles to the individual cavity modes. This method is calibration-free because the mode broadening and shift are independent of the cavity parameters such as the length and mirror reflectivity. In this first demonstration of broadband CE-CRIS we measure simultaneously the absorption and dispersion spectra of three combination bands of CO2 in the range between 1525 nm and 1620 nm and achieve good agreement with theoretical models. This opens up for precision spectroscopy of the complex refractive index of several molecular bands simultaneously.
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28
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Abstract
Laser frequency combs emit a spectrum with hundreds of thousands of evenly spaced phase-coherent narrow lines. A comb-enabled instrument, the dual-comb interferometer, exploits interference between two frequency combs and attracts considerable interest in precision spectroscopy and sensing, distance metrology, tomography, telecommunications, etc. Mutual coherence between the two combs over the measurement time is a pre-requisite to interferometry, although it is instrumentally challenging. At best, the mutual coherence reaches about 1 s. Computer-based phase-correction techniques, which often lead to artifacts and worsened precision, must be implemented for longer averaging times. Here with feed-forward relative stabilization of the carrier-envelope offset frequencies, we experimentally realize a mutual coherence over times approaching 2000 s, more than three orders of magnitude longer than that of state-of-the-art dual-comb systems. An illustration is given with near-infrared Fourier transform molecular spectroscopy with two combs of slightly different repetition frequencies. Our technique without phase correction can be implemented with any frequency comb generator including microresonators or semiconductor lasers. Dual-comb interferometry promises to be a high-precision metrology technique, but is hindered by short coherence times that limit the maximum number of averages. Here, Chen et al. achieve mutual coherence times of almost 2000 s by feed-forward stabilization of the carrier-envelope offsets.
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29
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Bui TQ, Changala PB, Bjork BJ, Yu Q, Wang Y, Stanton JF, Bowman J, Ye J. Spectral analyses of trans- and cis-DOCO transients via comb spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1484949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thinh Q. Bui
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - P. Bryan Changala
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Bryce J. Bjork
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Qi Yu
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yimin Wang
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joel Bowman
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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30
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Iwakuni K, Porat G, Bui TQ, Bjork BJ, Schoun SB, Heckl OH, Fermann ME, Ye J. Phase-stabilized 100 mW frequency comb near 10 μm. APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2018; 124:128. [PMID: 30996528 PMCID: PMC6435022 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-018-6996-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Long-wavelength mid-infrared (MIR) frequency combs with high power and flexible tunability are highly desired for molecular spectroscopy, including investigation of large molecules such as C60. We present a high power, phase-stabilized frequency comb near 10 μm, generated by a synchronously pumped, singly resonant optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on AgGaSe2. The OPO can be continuously tuned from 8.4 to 9.5 μm, with a maximum average idler power of 100 mW at the center wavelength of 8.5 μm. Both the repetition rate (f rep) and the carrier-envelope offset frequency (f ceo) of the idler wave are phase-locked to microwave signals referenced to a Cs clock. We describe the detailed design and construction of the frequency comb, and discuss potential applications for precise and sensitive direct frequency comb spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Iwakuni
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Gil Porat
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Thinh Q. Bui
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Bryce J. Bjork
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
- Present Address: Honeywell International, 303 Technology Court, Broomfield, CO 80021 USA
| | - Stephen B. Schoun
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Oliver H. Heckl
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
- Present Address: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mid-IR Spectroscopy and Semiconductor Optics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jun Ye
- Department of Physics, JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
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31
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Abstract
Chiroptical spectroscopy techniques for the differentiation of enantiomers in the condensed phase are based on an established paradigm that relies on symmetry breaking using circularly polarized light. We review a novel approach for the study of chiral molecules in the gas phase using broadband rotational spectroscopy, namely microwave three-wave mixing, which is a coherent, nonlinear, and resonant process. This technique can be used to generate a coherent molecular rotational signal that can be detected in a manner similar to that in conventional Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The structure (and thermal distribution of conformations), handedness, and enantiomeric excess of gas-phase samples can be determined unambiguously by employing tailored microwave fields. We discuss the theoretical and experimental aspects of the method, the significance of the first demonstrations of the technique for enantiomer differentiation, and the method's rapid advance into a robust choice to study molecular chirality in the gas phase. Very recently, the microwave three-wave mixing approach was extended to enantiomer-selective population transfer, an important step toward spatial enantiomer separation on the fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R. Domingos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cristóbal Pérez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Tao LG, Liu AW, Pachucki K, Komasa J, Sun YR, Wang J, Hu SM. Toward a Determination of the Proton-Electron Mass Ratio from the Lamb-Dip Measurement of HD. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:153001. [PMID: 29756862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.153001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision spectroscopy of the hydrogen molecule is a test ground of quantum electrodynamics (QED), and it may serve for the determination of fundamental constants. Using a comb-locked cavity ring-down spectrometer, for the first time, we observed the Lamb-dip spectrum of the R(1) line in the overtone of hydrogen deuteride (HD). The line position was determined to be 217 105 182.79±0.03_{stat}±0.08_{syst} MHz (δν/ν=4×10^{-10}), which is the most accurate rovibrational transition ever measured in the ground electronic state of molecular hydrogen. Moreover, from calculations including QED effects up to the order m_{e}α^{6}, we obtained predictions for this R(1) line as well as for the HD dissociation energy, which are less accurate but signaling the importance of the complete treatment of nonadiabatic effects. Provided that the theoretical calculation reaches the same accuracy, the present measurement will lead to a determination of the proton-to-electron mass ratio with a precision of 1.3 parts per billion.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-G Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - A-W Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - K Pachucki
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Komasa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Y R Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - J Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - S-M Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
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33
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Meek SA, Hipke A, Guelachvili G, Hänsch TW, Picqué N. Doppler-free Fourier transform spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:162-165. [PMID: 29328222 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sub-Doppler broadband multi-heterodyne spectroscopy is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Using two laser frequency combs of slightly different repetition frequencies, we have recorded Doppler-free two-photon dual-comb spectra of atomic rubidium resonances of a width of 6 MHz, while simultaneously interrogating a spectral span of 10 THz. The atomic transitions are uniquely identified via the intensity modulation of the observed fluorescence radiation. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the first demonstration of Doppler-free Fourier transform spectroscopy and extend the range of applications of broadband spectroscopy towards precision nonlinear spectroscopy.
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34
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Fleisher AJ, Long DA, Hodges JT. Quantitative modeling of complex molecular response in coherent cavity-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 352:10.1016/j.jms.2018.07.010. [PMID: 30983629 PMCID: PMC6459610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jms.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a complex-valued electric field model for experimentally observed cavity transmission in coherent cavity-enhanced (CE) multiplexed spectroscopy (i.e., dual-comb spectroscopy, DCS). The transmission model for CE-DCS differs from that previously derived for Fourier-transform CE direct frequency comb spectroscopy [Foltynowicz et al., Appl. Phys. B 110, 163-175 (2013)] by the treatment of the local oscillator which, in the case of CE-DCS, does not interact with the enhancement cavity. Validation is performed by measurements of complex-valued near-infrared spectra of CO and CO2 by an electro-optic frequency comb coherently coupled to an enhancement cavity of finesse F = 19600. Following validation, we measure the 30012 ← 00001 12C16O2 vibrational band origin with a combined standard uncertainty of 770 kHz (fractional uncertainty of 4 × 10-9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Fleisher
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, U.S.A
| | - David A. Long
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, U.S.A
| | - Joseph T. Hodges
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, U.S.A
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35
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Yu M, Okawachi Y, Griffith AG, Lipson M, Gaeta AL. Microresonator-based high-resolution gas spectroscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:4442-4445. [PMID: 29088183 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.004442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of a microresonator-based tunable mode-locked frequency comb source. We achieve a mode-hop-free tuning range of 16 GHz by simultaneously tuning both the pump laser and the cavity resonance while keeping the system in a multi-soliton mode-locked state. The optical spectrum spans 2520-4125 cm-1 (2.425-3.970 μm) pumping at 3508 cm-1 (2.850 μm) in a silicon microresonator with a comb line spacing of 4.23 cm-1 (127 GHz). Our scanning technique can be used to increase the effective resolution of the microresonator-based comb spectroscopy. As a proof-of-principle demonstration, we record the absorption spectrum of the rovibrational transitions of the υ3 and υ2+(υ4+υ5)+0 bands of acetylene. We measure absorption features as narrow as 0.21 cm-1 (6.4 GHz) full width at half-maximum at a frequency sampling step of 80 MHz.
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36
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Straatsma CJE, Fabrikant MI, Douberly GE, Lewandowski HJ. Production of carbon clusters C3 to C12 with a cryogenic buffer-gas beam source. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:124201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4995237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. J. E. Straatsma
- JILA and Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - M. I. Fabrikant
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
| | - G. E. Douberly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
| | - H. J. Lewandowski
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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37
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Communication: Molecular near-infrared transitions determined with sub-kHz accuracy. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:091103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4998763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Rutkowski L, Johansson AC, Zhao G, Hausmaninger T, Khodabakhsh A, Axner O, Foltynowicz A. Sensitive and broadband measurement of dispersion in a cavity using a Fourier transform spectrometer with kHz resolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21711-21718. [PMID: 29041465 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities provide high sensitivity to dispersion since their resonance frequencies depend on the index of refraction. We present a direct, broadband, and accurate measurement of the modes of a high finesse cavity using an optical frequency comb and a mechanical Fourier transform spectrometer with a kHz-level resolution. We characterize 16000 longitudinal cavity modes spanning 16 THz of bandwidth in terms of center frequency, linewidth, and amplitude. Using the center frequencies we retrieve the group delay dispersion of the cavity mirror coatings and pure N2 with 0.1 fs2 precision and 1 fs2 accuracy, as well as the refractivity of the 3ν1 + ν3 absorption band of CO2 with 5 × 10-12 precision. This opens up for broadband refractive index metrology and calibration-free spectroscopy of entire molecular bands.
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39
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Bui TQ, Bjork BJ, Changala PB, Heckl OH, Spaun B, Ye J. OD + CO → D + CO2 branching kinetics probed with time-resolved frequency comb spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Croft JFE, Makrides C, Li M, Petrov A, Kendrick BK, Balakrishnan N, Kotochigova S. Universality and chaoticity in ultracold K+KRb chemical reactions. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15897. [PMID: 28722014 PMCID: PMC5524979 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in the study of chemical reactions is how reactions proceed at a collision energy close to absolute zero. This question is no longer hypothetical: quantum degenerate gases of atoms and molecules can now be created at temperatures lower than a few tens of nanokelvin. Here we consider the benchmark ultracold reaction between, the most-celebrated ultracold molecule, KRb and K. We map out an accurate ab initio ground-state potential energy surface of the K2Rb complex in full dimensionality and report numerically-exact quantum-mechanical reaction dynamics. The distribution of rotationally resolved rates is shown to be Poissonian. An analysis of the hyperspherical adiabatic potential curves explains this statistical character revealing a chaotic distribution for the short-range collision complex that plays a key role in governing the reaction outcome. Studying chemical reactions near zero temperature in detail is challenging both in theory and practice. Here the authors report an explicit quantum mechanical study of the benchmark ultracold reaction between a K atom and a KRb molecule, important for future controlled chemistry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F E Croft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - C Makrides
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M Li
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - A Petrov
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA.,NRC 'Kurchatov Institute' PNPI, Gatchina, Leningrad District 188300 Russia.,Division of Quantum Mechanics, St Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - B K Kendrick
- Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - S Kotochigova
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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41
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Eibenberger S, Doyle J, Patterson D. Enantiomer-Specific State Transfer of Chiral Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:123002. [PMID: 28388207 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
State-selective enantiomeric excess is realized using microwave-driven coherent population transfer. The method selectively promotes either R or S molecules to a higher rotational state by phase-controlled microwave pulses that drive electric-dipole allowed rotational transitions. We demonstrate the enantiomer-specific state transfer method using enantiopure samples of 1,2-propanediol. This method of state-specific enantiomeric enrichment can be applied to a large class of asymmetric, chiral molecules that can be vaporized and cooled to the point where rotationally resolved spectroscopy is possible, including molecules that rapidly racemize. The rapid chiral switching demonstrated here allows for new approaches in high-precision spectroscopic searches for parity violation in chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Eibenberger
- Harvard University, Department of Physics, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - John Doyle
- Harvard University, Department of Physics, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - David Patterson
- Harvard University, Department of Physics, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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42
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Cossel KC, Waxman EM, Finneran IA, Blake GA, Ye J, Newbury NR. Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. B, OPTICAL PHYSICS 2017; 34:104-129. [PMID: 28630530 PMCID: PMC5473295 DOI: 10.1364/josab.34.000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broad-band spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly-used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broad-band spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Cossel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Eleanor M. Waxman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Ian A. Finneran
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Geoffrey A. Blake
- Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Nathan R. Newbury
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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43
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Infrared spectroscopy of hydrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon cations: naphthalene+–water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:32262-32271. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The combination of infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations unravels the salient properties of the bifurcated CH⋯O ionic hydrogen bond typical for the PAH+–H2O interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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44
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Wu H, Zhang F, Liu T, Qu X. Glass thickness and index measurement using optical sampling by cavity tuning. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:9756-9763. [PMID: 27958467 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we describe a method based on optical sampling by cavity tuning, which is capable of high-accuracy glass thickness and index measurement. By tuning the repetition frequency of the frequency comb, a series of cross-correlation patterns can be obtained that correspond to the front and rear surfaces of the specimen and the co-operation mirror. Both the geometrical thickness and the optical thickness of the specimen can be measured via the cross-correlation patterns, and consequently, the glass refractive index can be determined at the same time. The comparison with the reference value shows an agreement within 1.3 μm for the thickness measurement, and within 5×10-4 for the refractive index measurement.
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45
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Heckl OH, Bjork BJ, Winkler G, Bryan Changala P, Spaun B, Porat G, Bui TQ, Lee KF, Jiang J, Fermann ME, Schunemann PG, Ye J. Three-photon absorption in optical parametric oscillators based on OP-GaAs. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:5405-5408. [PMID: 27842144 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.005405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report on, to the best of our knowledge, the first singly resonant (SR), synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on orientation-patterned gallium arsenide (OP-GaAs). Together with a doubly resonant (DR) degenerate OPO based on the same OP-GaAs material, the output spectra cover 3 to 6 μm within ∼3 dB of relative power. The DR-OPO has the highest output power reported to date from a femtosecond, synchronously pumped OPO based on OP-GaAs. We observed strong three-photon absorption with a coefficient of 0.35±0.08 cm3/GW2 for our OP-GaAs sample, which limits the output power of these OPOs as mid-IR light sources. We present a detailed study of the three-photon loss on the performance of both the SR- and DR-OPOs, and compare them to those without this loss mechanism.
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46
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Changala PB, Baraban JH. Ab initio effective rotational and rovibrational Hamiltonians for non-rigid systems via curvilinear second order vibrational Møller–Plesset perturbation theory. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:174106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4966234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bryan Changala
- JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Joshua H. Baraban
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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47
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Kozyryev I, Baum L, Matsuda K, Doyle JM. Proposal for Laser Cooling of Complex Polyatomic Molecules. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3641-3648. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201601051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kozyryev
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Louis Baum
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Kyle Matsuda
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - John M. Doyle
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
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48
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Nishiyama A, Yoshida S, Nakajima Y, Sasada H, Nakagawa K, Onae A, Minoshima K. Doppler-free dual-comb spectroscopy of Rb using optical-optical double resonance technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:25894-25904. [PMID: 27828538 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.025894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a Doppler-free high-resolution dual-comb spectroscopy technique in which a dual-comb system is employed to perform optical-optical double-resonance (OODR) spectroscopy. In our experimental study, Doppler-free high-resolution and high-frequency-accuracy broadband measurements were realized using the proposed OODR dual-comb spectroscopic technique, which does not require high-power-per-mode frequency combs. We observed fully resolved hyperfine spectra of 5P3/2 - 4D5/2, 4D3/2 transitions of Rb at 1530 nm and precisely determined the absolute frequencies of the transitions, with an uncertainty of less than 1 MHz. The variations of the OODR spectral line shapes due to power broadening and alignment and the effects of polarization on the dual-comb OODR spectra were also analyzed. This study provides a widely applicable technique for Doppler-free dual-comb spectroscopy of various gaseous species.
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49
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Balakrishnan N. Perspective: Ultracold molecules and the dawn of cold controlled chemistry. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:150901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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