1
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Vojnits K, Feng Z, Johnson P, Porras D, Manocha E, Vandersluis S, Pfammatter S, Thibault P, Bhatia M. Targeting of human cancer stem cells predicts efficacy and toxicity of FDA-approved oncology drugs. Cancer Lett 2024; 599:217108. [PMID: 38986735 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide with approved oncology drugs continuing to have heterogenous patient responses and accompanied adverse effects (AEs) that limits effectiveness. Here, we examined >100 FDA-approved oncology drugs in the context of stemness using a surrogate model of transformed human pluripotent cancer stem cells (CSCs) vs. healthy stem cells (hSCs) capable of distinguishing abnormal self-renewal and differentiation. Although a proportion of these drugs had no effects (inactive), a larger portion affected CSCs (active), and a unique subset preferentially affected CSCs over hSCs (selective). Single cell gene expression and protein profiling of each drug's FDA recognized target provided a molecular correlation of responses in CSCs vs. hSCs. Uniquely, drugs selective for CSCs demonstrated clinical efficacy, measured by overall survival, and reduced AEs. Our findings reveal that while unintentional, half of anticancer drugs are active against CSCs and associated with improved clinical outcomes. Based on these findings, we suggest ability to target CSC targeting should be included as a property of early onco-therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Vojnits
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuohang Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paige Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Porras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ekta Manocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Vandersluis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sibylle Pfammatter
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mick Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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2
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Vales JP, Barbaric I. Culture-acquired genetic variation in human pluripotent stem cells: Twenty years on. Bioessays 2024:e2400062. [PMID: 38873900 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Genetic changes arising in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) upon culture may bestow unwanted or detrimental phenotypes to cells, thus potentially impacting on the applications of hPSCs for clinical use and basic research. In the 20 years since the first report of culture-acquired genetic aberrations in hPSCs, a characteristic spectrum of recurrent aberrations has emerged. The preponderance of such aberrations implies that they provide a selective growth advantage to hPSCs upon expansion. However, understanding the consequences of culture-acquired variants for specific applications in cell therapy or research has been more elusive. The rapid progress of hPSC-based therapies to clinics is galvanizing the field to address this uncertainty and provide definitive ways both for risk assessment of variants and reducing their prevalence in culture. Here, we aim to provide a timely update on almost 20 years of research on this fascinating, but a still unresolved and concerning, phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Vales
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- INSIGNEO Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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3
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Gbelcová H, Rimpelová S, Jariabková A, Macášek P, Priščáková P, Ruml T, Šáchová J, Kubovčiak J, Kolář M, Vítek L. Highly variable biological effects of statins on cancer, non-cancer, and stem cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11830. [PMID: 38782983 PMCID: PMC11116523 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62615-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Statins, the drugs used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, have come into the spotlight not only as chemoadjuvants, but also as potential stem cell modulators in the context of regenerative therapy. In our study, we compared the in vitro effects of all clinically used statins on the viability of human pancreatic cancer (MiaPaCa-2) cells, non-cancerous human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC). Additionally, the effect of statins on viability of MiaPaCa-2 and ADMSC cells spheroids was tested. Furthermore, we performed a microarray analysis on ADMSCs treated with individual statins (12 μM) and compared the importance of the effects of statins on gene expression between stem cells and pancreatic cancer cells. Concentrations of statins that significantly affected cancer cells viability (< 40 μM) did not affect stem cells viability after 24 h. Moreover, statins that didn´t affect viability of cancer cells grown in a monolayer, induce the disintegration of cancer cell spheroids. The effect of statins on gene expression was significantly less pronounced in stem cells compared to pancreatic cancer cells. In conclusion, the low efficacy of statins on non-tumor and stem cells at concentrations sufficient for cancer cells growth inhibition, support their applicability in chemoadjuvant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Gbelcová
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic.
| | - Silvie Rimpelová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Adriana Jariabková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Patrik Macášek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Petra Priščáková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, 813 72, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Šáchová
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubovčiak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolář
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
- Department of Informatics and Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vítek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, and 4Th Department of Internal Medicine, 1St Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, 121 08, Czech Republic
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4
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Lei Y, Al Delbany D, Krivec N, Regin M, Couvreu de Deckersberg E, Janssens C, Ghosh M, Sermon K, Spits C. SALL3 mediates the loss of neuroectodermal differentiation potential in human embryonic stem cells with chromosome 18q loss. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:562-578. [PMID: 38552632 PMCID: PMC11096619 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures are prone to genetic drift, because cells that have acquired specific genetic abnormalities experience a selective advantage in vitro. These abnormalities are highly recurrent in hPSC lines worldwide, but their functional consequences in differentiating cells are scarcely described. In this work, we show that the loss of chromosome 18q impairs neuroectoderm commitment and that downregulation of SALL3, a gene located in the common 18q loss region, is responsible for this failed neuroectodermal differentiation. Knockdown of SALL3 in control lines impaired differentiation in a manner similar to the loss of 18q, and transgenic overexpression of SALL3 in hESCs with 18q loss rescued the differentiation capacity of the cells. Finally, we show that loss of 18q and downregulation of SALL3 leads to changes in the expression of genes involved in pathways regulating pluripotency and differentiation, suggesting that these cells are in an altered state of pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Lei
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Diana Al Delbany
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nuša Krivec
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marius Regin
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edouard Couvreu de Deckersberg
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Janssens
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manjusha Ghosh
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karen Sermon
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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5
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Bergin CJ, Zouggar A, Mendes da Silva A, Fenouil T, Haebe JR, Masibag AN, Agrawal G, Shah MS, Sandouka T, Tiberi M, Auer RC, Ardolino M, Benoit YD. The dopamine transporter antagonist vanoxerine inhibits G9a and suppresses cancer stem cell functions in colon tumors. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:463-480. [PMID: 38351181 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), functionally characterized by self-renewal and tumor-initiating activity, contribute to decreased tumor immunogenicity, while fostering tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting G9a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) effectively blocks CSC functions in colorectal tumors by altering pluripotent-like molecular networks; however, existing molecules directly targeting G9a HMTase activity failed to reach clinical stages due to safety concerns. Using a stem cell-based phenotypic drug-screening pipeline, we identified the dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist vanoxerine, a compound with previously demonstrated clinical safety, as a cancer-specific downregulator of G9a expression. Here we show that gene silencing and chemical antagonism of DAT impede colorectal CSC functions by repressing G9a expression. Antagonizing DAT also enhanced tumor lymphocytic infiltration by activating endogenous transposable elements and type-I interferon response. Our study unveils the direct implication of the DAT-G9a axis in the maintenance of CSC populations and an approach to improve antitumor immune response in colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aïcha Zouggar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mendes da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Joshua R Haebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gautam Agrawal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Sandouka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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6
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Xiao R, Xu D, Zhang M, Chen Z, Cheng L, Du S, Lu M, Zhou T, Li R, Bai F, Huang Y. Aneuploid embryonic stem cells drive teratoma metastasis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1087. [PMID: 38316790 PMCID: PMC10844504 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aneuploidy, a deviation of the chromosome number from euploidy, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. High levels of aneuploidy are generally correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the causality of aneuploidy in cancer metastasis remains to be explored. Here we demonstrate that teratomas derived from aneuploid murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), but not from isogenic diploid ESCs, disseminated to multiple organs, for which no additional copy number variations were required. Notably, no cancer driver gene mutations were identified in any metastases. Aneuploid circulating teratoma cells were successfully isolated from peripheral blood and showed high capacities for migration and organ colonization. Single-cell RNA sequencing of aneuploid primary teratomas and metastases identified a unique cell population with high stemness that was absent in diploid ESCs-derived teratomas. Further investigation revealed that aneuploid cells displayed decreased proteasome activity and overactivated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress during differentiation, thereby restricting the degradation of proteins produced from extra chromosomes in the ESC state and causing differentiation deficiencies. Noticeably, both proteasome activator Oleuropein and ER stress inhibitor 4-PBA can effectively inhibit aneuploid teratoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Deshu Xu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Meili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Songjie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Mingfei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Tonghai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Ruoyan Li
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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7
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Krivec N, Ghosh MS, Spits C. Gains of 20q11.21 in human pluripotent stem cells: Insights from cancer research. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:11-27. [PMID: 38157850 PMCID: PMC10828824 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic abnormalities observed in hPSC cultures worldwide have been suggested to pose an important hurdle in their safe use in regenerative medicine due to the possibility of oncogenic transformation by mutant cells in the patient posttransplantation. One of the best-characterized genetic lesions in hPSCs is the gain of 20q11.21, found in 20% of hPSC lines worldwide, and strikingly, also amplified in 20% of human cancers. In this review, we have curated the existing knowledge on the incidence of this mutation in hPSCs and cancer, explored the significance of chromosome 20q11.21 amplification in cancer progression, and reviewed the oncogenic role of the genes in the smallest common region of gain, to shed light on the significance of this mutation in hPSC-based cell therapy. Lastly, we discuss the state-of-the-art strategies devised to detect aneuploidies in hPSC cultures, avoid genetic changes in vitro cultures of hPSCs, and strategies to eliminate genetically abnormal cells from culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Krivec
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Manjusha S Ghosh
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
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8
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Barlak N, Kusdemir G, Gumus R, Gundogdu B, Sahin MH, Tatar A, Ittmann M, Karatas OF. Overexpression of POFUT1 promotes malignant phenotype and mediates perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1950-1963. [PMID: 37641160 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most aggressive neoplasms, which requires more effective prevention and treatment modalities. Previous studies found that protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (POFUT1) upregulation promotes carcinogenesis, although the potential roles, underlying molecular mechanisms, and biological implications of POFUT1 in HNSCC were not investigated. In this study, in silico analyses referred POFUT1 as a potential oncogene in HNSCC. Further analysis of tumor and normal tissue samples as well as HNSCC cells with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry showed significant overexpression of POFUT1 in HNSCC clinical tumor tissue specimens and cell lines compared to corresponding controls. In vitro investigations revealed that overexpression of POFUT1 promoted phenotypes associated with cancer aggressiveness and its knockdown in HNSCC cells suppressed those phenotypes. Further xenograft experiments demonstrated that POFUT1 is an oncogene in vivo for HNSCC. Immunohistochemical analysis with human clinical samples and cancer cell-dorsal root ganglion ex-vivo coculture model showed that deregulation of POFUT1 is involved in the perineural invasion of HNSCC cells. These results suggest POFUT1 expression as a potential prognostic marker for patients with head and neck cancer and highlight its potential as a target for HNSCC therapy, although more molecular clues are needed to better define the functions of POFUT1 related to HNSCC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslisah Barlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Gulnur Kusdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rasim Gumus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hakan Sahin
- Department of Brain and Nerve Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey, VAMC, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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9
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Wang J, Ding S, Da C, Chen C, Wu Z, Li C, Zhou G, Tang C. Morphology-Based Prediction of Proliferation and Differentiation Potencies of Porcine Muscle Stem Cells for Cultured Meat Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18613-18621. [PMID: 37963374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Inconsistent efficiency of cell production caused by cellular quality variations has become a significant problem in the cultured meat industry. In our study, morphological information on passages 5-9 of porcine muscle stem cells (pMuSCs) from three lots was analyzed and used as input data in prediction models. Cell proliferation and differentiation potencies were measured by cell growth rate and average stained area of the myosin heavy chain. Analysis of PCA and heatmap showed that the morphological parameters could be used to discriminate the differences of passages and lots. Various morphological parameters were analyzed, which revealed that accumulating time-course information regarding morphological heterogeneity in cell populations is crucial to predicting the potencies. Based on the 36 and 60 h morphological profiles, the best proliferation potency prediction model (R2 = 0.95, RMSE = 1.1) and differentiation potency prediction model (R2 = 0.74, RMSE = 1.2) were explored. Correlation analysis demonstrated that morphological parameters selected in models are related to the quality of porcine muscle stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunyan Da
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengpu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunbao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Guanghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changbo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and Cultured Meat Development, Key Laboratory of Meat Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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10
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Billingsley JL, Yevdokimova V, Ayoub K, Benoit YD. Colorectal Cancer Is Borrowing Blueprints from Intestinal Ontogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4928. [PMID: 37894295 PMCID: PMC10604965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal tumors are heterogenous cellular systems harboring small populations of self-renewing and highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs). Understanding the mechanisms fundamental to the emergence of CSCs and colorectal tumor initiation is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Two recent studies have highlighted the importance of developmental gene expression programs as potential therapeutic targets to suppress pro-oncogenic stem cell populations in the colonic epithelium. Specifically, a subset of aberrant stem cells was identified in preneoplastic intestinal lesions sharing significant transcriptional similarities with fetal gut development. In such aberrant stem cells, Sox9 was shown as a cornerstone for altered cell plasticity, the maintenance of premalignant stemness, and subsequent colorectal tumor initiation. Independently, chemical genomics was used to identify FDA-approved drugs capable of suppressing neoplastic self-renewal based on the ontogenetic root of a target tumor and transcriptional programs embedded in pluripotency. Here, we discuss the joint conclusions from these two approaches, underscoring the importance of developmental networks in CSCs as a novel paradigm for identifying therapeutics targeting colorectal cancer stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L. Billingsley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Veronika Yevdokimova
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Kristina Ayoub
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
| | - Yannick D. Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (J.L.B.); (V.Y.); (K.A.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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11
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Capik O, Gundogdu B, Tatar A, Sahin A, Chen F, Creighton CJ, Karatas OF. Oncogenic miR-1825 promotes head and neck carcinogenesis via targeting FREM1. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1628-1645. [PMID: 37683055 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignant cancer type worldwide. Although the therapeutic modalities currently used for patients with HNSCC improved in recent decades, HNSCC prognosis is still poor. Therefore, it is an urgent necessity to understand the pathogenesis of HNSCC, to develop novel and effective treatment strategies, and to characterize and identify the oncogenes that are responsible for an aggressive HNSCC phenotype. In this study, we aimed to better understand the roles of miR-1825 in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. We examined the impacts of miR-1825 deregulation on the cancer-associated phenotypes using in vitro tests evaluating cell viability, clonogenicity, cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and stem cell characteristics. In addition, we investigated the effects of miR-1825 overexpression on the tumor formation capacity of head and neck cancer cells in vivo using nude mice. We searched for potential targets of miR-1825 using microarray analysis and luciferase assay. We found that miR-1825 expression is upregulated in head and neck cells and clinical tumor samples in comparison to corresponding controls, where it potentially acts as an oncogene. We, then, showed that ectopic miR-1825 overexpression promotes cellular phenotypes related to head and neck cancer progression in vitro and has a stimulating potential on cancer formation in vivo. We also identified FREM1 as a direct target of miR-1825 and demonstrated its reduced expression in HNSCC samples using immunohistochemistry analysis. Collectively, we suggest that the miR-1825/FREM1 axis serves as an important mediator of HNSCC development, where miR-1825 acts as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozel Capik
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Betul Gundogdu
- Department of Medical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Tatar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Sahin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fengju Chen
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Department of Medicine and Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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12
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Capik O, Gumus R, Karatas OF. Hypoxia-induced tumor exosomes promote angiogenesis through miR-1825/TSC2/mTOR axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2023; 45:2259-2273. [PMID: 37449548 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by enhanced angiogenesis resulting in poor prognosis despite improvements in diagnostic/therapeutic techniques. Here, we aimed at investigating potential roles of miR-1825 enclosed in OSCC-derived exosomes on angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. METHODS Effects of miR-1825 mimic/inhibitor as well as hypoxia-induced tumor derived exosomes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated using cell viability, migration/invasion, tube formation, and spheroid-based 3D angiogenesis assays. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions caused significant increase in miR-1825 levels in OSCC cells and hiTDEs. miR-1825 alone and within hiTDEs promoted endothelial cell viability, migration, invasion, and angiogenic potential, which is reversed via inhibition of miR-1825 expression. miR-1825 within hiTDEs altered the angiogenesis potential of HUVEC cells via deregulation of TSC2/mTOR axis. CONCLUSIONS We showed that hypoxia led to OSCC-derived exosome mediated transfer of miR-1825 to HUVECs and enhanced angiogenesis in OSCC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozel Capik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rasim Gumus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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13
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Hejrati N, Wong R, Khazaei M, Fehlings MG. How can clinical safety and efficacy concerns in stem cell therapy for spinal cord injury be overcome? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:883-899. [PMID: 37545020 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2245321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) can lead to severe neurological dysfunction. Despite scientific and medical advances, clinically effective regenerative therapies including stem cells are lacking for SCI. AREAS COVERED This paper discusses translational challenges related to the safe, effective use of stem cells for SCI, with a focus on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), Schwann cells (SCs), olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We discuss approaches to enhance the efficacy of cell-based strategies by i) addressing patient heterogeneity and enhancing patient selection; ii) selecting cell type, cell source, cell developmental stage, and delivery technique; iii) enhancing graft integration and mitigating immune-mediated graft rejection; and iv) ensuring availability of cells. Additionally, we review strategies to optimize outcomes including combinatorial use of rehabilitation and discuss ways to mitigate potential risks of tumor formation associated with stem cell-based strategies. EXPERT OPINION Basic science research will drive translational advances to develop stem cell-based therapies for SCI. Genetic, serological, and imaging biomarkers may enable individualization of cell-based treatments. Moreover, combinatorial strategies will be required to enhance graft survival, migration and functional integration, to enable precision-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Hejrati
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery & Spine Center of Eastern Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Raymond Wong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Khazaei
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Orlando L, Benoit YD, Reid JC, Nakanishi M, Boyd AL, García-Rodriguez JL, Tanasijevic B, Doyle MS, Luchman A, Restall IJ, Bergin CJ, Masibag AN, Aslostovar L, Di Lu J, Laronde S, Collins TJ, Weiss S, Bhatia M. Chemical genomics reveals targetable programs of human cancers rooted in pluripotency. Cell Chem Biol 2023:S2451-9456(23)00158-7. [PMID: 37379846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Overlapping principles of embryonic and tumor biology have been described, with recent multi-omics campaigns uncovering shared molecular profiles between human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and adult tumors. Here, using a chemical genomic approach, we provide biological evidence that early germ layer fate decisions of hPSCs reveal targets of human cancers. Single-cell deconstruction of hPSCs-defined subsets that share transcriptional patterns with transformed adult tissues. Chemical screening using a unique germ layer specification assay for hPSCs identified drugs that enriched for compounds that selectively suppressed the growth of patient-derived tumors corresponding exclusively to their germ layer origin. Transcriptional response of hPSCs to germ layer inducing drugs could be used to identify targets capable of regulating hPSC specification as well as inhibiting adult tumors. Our study demonstrates properties of adult tumors converge with hPSCs drug induced differentiation in a germ layer specific manner, thereby expanding our understanding of cancer stemness and pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mio Nakanishi
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Borko Tanasijevic
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meaghan S Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Artee Luchman
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian J Restall
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lili Aslostovar
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Di Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Laronde
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tony J Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel Weiss
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute & The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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15
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Vitillo L, Anjum F, Hewitt Z, Stavish D, Laing O, Baker D, Barbaric I, Coffey P. The isochromosome 20q abnormality of pluripotent cells interrupts germ layer differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:782-797. [PMID: 36801002 PMCID: PMC10031278 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 20 abnormalities are some of the most frequent genomic changes acquired by human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) cultures worldwide. Yet their effects on differentiation remain largely unexplored. We investigated a recurrent abnormality also found on amniocentesis, the isochromosome 20q (iso20q), during a clinical retinal pigment epithelium differentiation. Here we show that the iso20q abnormality interrupts spontaneous embryonic lineage specification. Isogenic lines revealed that under conditions that promote the spontaneous differentiation of wild-type hPSCs, the iso20q variants fail to differentiate into primitive germ layers and to downregulate pluripotency networks, resulting in apoptosis. Instead, iso20q cells are highly biased for extra-embryonic/amnion differentiation following inhibition of DNMT3B methylation or BMP2 treatment. Finally, directed differentiation protocols can overcome the iso20q block. Our findings reveal in iso20q a chromosomal abnormality that impairs the developmental competency of hPSCs toward germ layers but not amnion, which models embryonic developmental bottlenecks in the presence of aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loriana Vitillo
- Rescue, Repair and Regeneration, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, UK.
| | - Fabiha Anjum
- Rescue, Repair and Regeneration, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, UK
| | - Zoe Hewitt
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Dylan Stavish
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Owen Laing
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Duncan Baker
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetic Services, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN Sheffield, UK
| | - Pete Coffey
- Rescue, Repair and Regeneration, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, EC1V 9EL London, UK; Centre for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
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16
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TPX2 Amplification-Driven Aberrant Mitosis in Culture Adapted Human Embryonic Stem Cells with gain of 20q11.21. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10514-4. [PMID: 36862329 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10514-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite highly effective machinery for the maintenance of genome integrity in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), the frequency of genetic aberrations during in-vitro culture has been a serious issue for future clinical applications. METHOD By passaging hESCs over a broad range of timepoints (up to 6 years), the isogenic hESC lines with different passage numbers with distinct cellular characteristics, were established. RESULT We found that mitotic aberrations, such as the delay of mitosis, multipolar centrosomes, and chromosome mis-segregation, were increased in parallel with polyploidy compared to early-passaged hESCs (EP-hESCs) with normal copy number. Through high-resolution genome-wide approaches and transcriptome analysis, we found that culture adapted-hESCs with a minimal amplicon in chromosome 20q11.21 highly expressed TPX2, a key protein for governing spindle assembly and cancer malignancy. Consistent with these findings, the inducible expression of TPX2 in EP-hESCs reproduced aberrant mitotic events, such as the delay of mitotic progression, spindle stabilization, misaligned chromosomes, and polyploidy. CONCLUSION These studies suggest that the increased transcription of TPX2 in culture adapted hESCs could contribute to an increase in aberrant mitosis due to altered spindle dynamics.
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17
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Reshamwala R, Oieni F, Shah M. Non-stem Cell Mediated Tissue Regeneration and Repair. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-6008-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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18
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Hassan M, Nasr SM, Amin NA, El-Ahwany E, Zoheiry M, Elzallat M. Circulating liver cancer stem cells and their stemness-associated MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for viral hepatitis-induced liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Noncoding RNA Res 2022; 8:155-163. [PMID: 36632614 PMCID: PMC9826835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are a subpopulation of tumor cells that can drive cancer initiation and relapses. Because of their significance, researchers are looking for biomarkers that characterize or regulate LCSCs so that they can be used as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology Six groups of patients having hepatitis C virus (HCV), HCV + cirrhosis, HCV + HCC, hepatitis B virus (HBV), HBV + cirrhosis, or HBV + HCC, in addition to a control group, were subjected to the measurement of LCSCs levels and analysis of miR-1290 and miR-1825 expression. Results The percentages of the CD133/EpCAM-expressing LCSCs were increased in viral hepatitis and cirrhosis groups, compared to the control group. HCC patients had the highest percentages of LCSCs. CD133/EpCAM-expressing cells showed significant correlations with stemness-associated miRNAs; miR-1290 and miR-1825. Also, the miR-1290 and miR-1825 were significantly up-regulated in viral hepatitis-associated cirrhosis and HCC groups. Moreover, in HCV + HCC, miR-1290 and miR-1825 expression was significantly positively correlated with tumor size and number. However, only miR-1825 could distinguish between HCV- and HBV-associated HCC groups. MiR-1290 exhibited the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting HCC, followed by miR-1825 and CD133/EpCAM-expressing LCSCs. Conclusions These findings indicate the relevance of CD133/EpCAM-expressing cells in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and HCC developed as a consequence of either chronic HCV or HBV infection. Accordingly, CD133/EpCAM-expressing cells, miR-1290, and miR-1825, could serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in patients suffering from liver cirrhosis or HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hassan
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt,Corresponding author. Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Warraq El-Hadar, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Sami Mohamed Nasr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Zoheiry
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elzallat
- Immunology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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19
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Andrews PW, Barbaric I, Benvenisty N, Draper JS, Ludwig T, Merkle FT, Sato Y, Spits C, Stacey GN, Wang H, Pera MF. The consequences of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:1624-1636. [PMID: 36459966 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can acquire genetic and epigenetic changes during culture in vitro. Given the increasing use of hPSCs in research and therapy and the vast expansion in the number of hPSC lines available for researchers, the International Society for Stem Cell Research has recognized the need to reassess quality control standards for ensuring the genetic integrity of hPSCs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the nature of recurrent genetic and epigenetic variants in hPSC culture, the methods for their detection, and what is known concerning their effects on cell behavior in vitro or in vivo. We argue that the potential consequences of low-level contamination of cell therapy products with cells bearing oncogenic variants are essentially unknown at present. We highlight the key challenges facing the field with particular reference to safety assessment of hPSC-derived cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Andrews
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Jonathan S Draper
- Stem Cell Network, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Tenneille Ludwig
- WiCell Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA; University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53719, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Florian T Merkle
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cell-Based Therapeutic Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki Ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Claudia Spits
- Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Glyn N Stacey
- International Stem Cell Banking Initiative, 2 High Street, Barley, UK; National Stem Cell Resource Centre, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Haoyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, 100101, Beijing, China; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative
| | - Martin F Pera
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; Steering Committee, International Stem Cell Initiative.
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20
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Molina-Ruiz FJ, Introna C, Bombau G, Galofre M, Canals JM. Standardization of Cell Culture Conditions and Routine Genomic Screening under a Quality Management System Leads to Reduced Genomic Instability in hPSCs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131984. [PMID: 35805069 PMCID: PMC9265327 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have generated unprecedented interest in the scientific community, given their potential applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, toxicology and drug screening. However, hPSCs are prone to acquire genomic alterations in vitro, mainly due to suboptimal culture conditions and inappropriate routines to monitor genome integrity. This poses a challenge to both the safety of clinical applications and the reliability of basic and translational hPSC research. In this study, we aim to investigate if the implementation of a Quality Management System (QMS) such as ISO9001:2015 to ensure reproducible and standardized cell culture conditions and genomic screening strategies can decrease the prevalence of genomic alterations affecting hPSCs used for research applications. To this aim, we performed a retrospective analysis of G-banding karyotype and Comparative Genomic Hybridization array (aCGH) data generated by our group over a 5-year span of different hESC and hiPSC cultures. This work demonstrates that application of a QMS to standardize cell culture conditions and genomic monitoring routines leads to a striking improvement of genomic stability in hPSCs cultured in vitro, as evidenced by a reduced probability of potentially pathogenic chromosomal aberrations and subchromosomal genomic alterations. These results support the need to implement QMS in academic laboratories performing hPSC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Molina-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.M.-R.); (C.I.); (G.B.); (M.G.)
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clelia Introna
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.M.-R.); (C.I.); (G.B.); (M.G.)
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Bombau
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.M.-R.); (C.I.); (G.B.); (M.G.)
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Galofre
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.M.-R.); (C.I.); (G.B.); (M.G.)
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Canals
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (F.J.M.-R.); (C.I.); (G.B.); (M.G.)
- Creatio, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Networked Biomedical Research Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-035-288
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21
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Lezmi E, Benvenisty N. The Tumorigenic Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:791-796. [PMID: 35679163 PMCID: PMC9397652 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are currently evaluated for clinical applications due to their proliferation and differentiation capacities, raising the need to both assess and enhance, the safety of hPSC-based treatments. Distinct molecular features contribute to the tumorigenicity of hPSCs, manifested in the formation of teratoma tumors upon transplantation in vivo. Prolonged in vitro culturing of hPSCs can enhance selection for specific genetic aberrations, either at the chromosome or gene level. Some of these aberrations are tightly linked to human tumor pathology and increase the tumorigenic aggressiveness of the abnormal cells. In this perspective, we describe major tumor-associated risk factors entailed in hPSC-based therapy, and present precautionary and safety measures relevant for the development and application of such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyad Lezmi
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nissim Benvenisty
- The Azrieli Center for Stem Cells and Genetic Research, Department of Genetics, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
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22
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Masibag AN, Bergin CJ, Haebe JR, Zouggar A, Shah MS, Sandouka T, Mendes da Silva A, Desrochers FM, Fournier-Morin A, Benoit YD. Pharmacological targeting of Sam68 functions in colorectal cancer stem cells. iScience 2021; 24:103442. [PMID: 34877499 PMCID: PMC8633986 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are documented to play a key role in tumorigenesis and therapy resistance. Despite significant progress in clinical oncology, CSC reservoirs remain elusive and difficult to eliminate. Reverse-turn peptidomimetics were characterized as disruptors of CBP/beta-Catenin interactions and represent a promising avenue to curb hyperactive canonical Wnt/beta-Catenin signaling in CSCs. Recent studies suggested Sam68 as a critical mediator of reverse-turn peptidomimetics response in CSC populations. Using computational and biochemical approaches we confirmed Sam68 as a primary target of reverse-turn peptidomimetics. Furthermore, we executed an in silico drug discovery pipeline to identify yet uncharacterized reverse-turn peptidomimetic structures displaying superior anti-CSC activity in transformed pluripotent and colorectal cancer cell models. Thus, we identified YB-0158 as a reverse-turn peptidomimetic small molecule with enhanced translational potential, altering key hallmarks of human colorectal CSCs in patient-derived ex vivo organoids and in vivo serial tumor transplantation. Sam68 is a direct protein target of reverse-turn peptidomimetic small molecules YB-0158 is a peptidomimetic structure with high predicted affinity for Sam68 YB-0158 elicits a cancer-selective response impeding main cancer stem cell hallmarks YB-0158 blocks cancer stem cell activity in tumor organoids and in vivo systems
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joshua R Haebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aïcha Zouggar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Muhammad S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tamara Sandouka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Amanda Mendes da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - François M Desrochers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aube Fournier-Morin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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23
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Choi G, Tang Z, Guan W. Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and
applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
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24
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Keller A, Spits C. The Impact of Acquired Genetic Abnormalities on the Clinical Translation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113246. [PMID: 34831467 PMCID: PMC8625075 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) are known to acquire chromosomal abnormalities, which range from point mutations to large copy number changes, including full chromosome aneuploidy. These aberrations have a wide-ranging influence on the state of cells, in both the undifferentiated and differentiated state. Currently, very little is known on how these abnormalities will impact the clinical translation of hPSC, and particularly their potential to prime cells for oncogenic transformation. A further complication is that many of these abnormalities exist in a mosaic state in culture, which complicates their detection with conventional karyotyping methods. In this review we discuss current knowledge on how these aberrations influence the cell state and how this may impact the future of research and the cells’ clinical potential.
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25
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Emerging role of G9a in cancer stemness and promises as a therapeutic target. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:76. [PMID: 34775469 PMCID: PMC8590690 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone methyltransferase G9a is well-documented for its implication in neoplastic growth. However, recent investigations have demonstrated a key involvement of this chromatin writer in maintaining the self-renewal and tumor-initiating capacities of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Direct inhibition of G9a’s catalytic activity was reported as a promising therapeutic target in multiple preclinical studies. Yet, none of the available pharmacological inhibitors of G9a activity have shown success at the early stages of clinical testing. Here, we discuss central findings of oncogenic expression and activation of G9a in CSCs from different origins, as well as the impact of the suppression of G9a histone methyltransferase activity in such contexts. We will explore the challenges posed by direct and systemic inhibition of G9a activity in the perspective of clinical translation of documented small molecules. Finally, we will discuss recent advances in drug discovery as viable strategies to develop context-specific drugs, selectively targeting G9a in CSC populations.
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26
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Liu Q, Wang JCY, Xie SZ. SUMO wrestling cancer stem cells. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1390-1392. [PMID: 34678166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Sumoylation is a reversible post-translational modification implicated in cancer. In this issue of Cell Chemical Biology, Benoit et al. describe an inhibitor of sumoylation that results in anti-proliferative effects in cancer stem cell models via the sumoylation enzyme SAE2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean C Y Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephanie Z Xie
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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27
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Lo Furno E, Recolin B, van der Laan S, Aze A, Maiorano D. Studying the DNA damage response in embryonic systems. Methods Enzymol 2021; 661:95-120. [PMID: 34776225 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance and surveillance of genome integrity is crucial during the very early steps of embryonic development, since de novo mutations generated during this stage can be propagated in differentiated adult cells and may lead to predisposition to diseases including cancer. Surprisingly, early embryos are characterized by a relaxed control of genome integrity, reminiscent of that observed in cancer cells. How embryos manage to produce healthy adult individuals in such conditions remains still unclear. Here, we describe protocols and methods to study and analyze the DNA damage response and genome integrity in two embryonic experimental systems, early Xenopus laevis embryos and mouse embryonic stem cells. We describe methods to study gene functions in the DNA damage response by mRNA microinjection in Xenopus embryos generated by in vitro fertilization, mutagenesis and developmental regulation of the DNA damage response. We also describe methods to analyze the DNA damage response in mESCs, including synchronization experiments that allow studying the DNA damage response at different cell cycle stages. Analysis of genome integrity in these systems may also help to shed light on the molecular mechanisms that preserve genome integrity and become dysregulated in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lo Furno
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Genome Surveillance and Stability, CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Bénédicte Recolin
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Genome Surveillance and Stability, CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France.
| | - Siem van der Laan
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Genome Surveillance and Stability, CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Antoine Aze
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Genome Surveillance and Stability, CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France
| | - Domenico Maiorano
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Université de Montpellier, Genome Surveillance and Stability, CNRS-UMR9002, Montpellier, France.
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28
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Korpela H, Järveläinen N, Siimes S, Lampela J, Airaksinen J, Valli K, Turunen M, Pajula J, Nurro J, Ylä-Herttuala S. Gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. J Intern Med 2021; 290:567-582. [PMID: 34033164 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been expected to become a novel treatment method since the structure of DNA was discovered in 1953. The morbidity from cardiovascular diseases remains remarkable despite the improvement of percutaneous interventions and pharmacological treatment, underlining the need for novel therapeutics. Gene therapy-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis could help those who have not gained sufficient symptom relief with traditional treatment methods. Especially patients with severe coronary artery disease and heart failure could benefit from gene therapy. Some clinical trials have reported improved myocardial perfusion and symptom relief in CAD patients, but few trials have come up with disappointing negative results. Translating preclinical success into clinical applications has encountered difficulties in successful transduction, study design, endpoint selection, and patient selection and recruitment. However, promising new methods for transducing the cells, such as retrograde delivery and cardiac-specific AAV vectors, hold great promise for myocardial gene therapy. This review introduces gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure and discusses the current status and future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Korpela
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Järveläinen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Siimes
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Lampela
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Airaksinen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Valli
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Turunen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pajula
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Nurro
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Ylä-Herttuala
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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29
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Wu J, Barbaric I. Fitness selection in human pluripotent stem cells and interspecies chimeras: Implications for human development and regenerative medicine. Dev Biol 2021; 476:209-217. [PMID: 33891964 PMCID: PMC8209287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A small number of pluripotent cells within early embryo gives rise to all cells in the adult body, including germ cells. Hence, any mutations occurring in the pluripotent cell population are at risk of being propagated to their daughter cells and could lead to congenital defects or embryonic lethality and pose a risk of being transmitted to future generations. The observation that genetic errors are relatively common in preimplantation embryos, but their levels reduce as development progresses, suggests the existence of mechanisms for clearance of aberrant, unfit or damaged cells. Although early human embryogenesis is largely experimentally inaccessible, pluripotent stem cell (PSC) lines can be derived either from the inner cell mass (ICM) of a blastocyst or by reprogramming somatic cells into an embryonic stem cell-like state. PSCs retain the ability to differentiate into any cell type in vitro and, hence, they represent a unique and powerful tool for studying otherwise intractable stages of human development. The advent of PSCs has also opened up a possibility of developing regenerative medicine therapies, either through PSC differentiation in vitro or by creating interspecies chimeras for organ replacement. Here, we discuss the emerging evidence of cell selection in human PSC populations in vivo and in vitro and we highlight the implications of understanding this phenomenon for human development and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Centre for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom; Neuroscience Institute, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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30
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Petrus-Reurer S, Romano M, Howlett S, Jones JL, Lombardi G, Saeb-Parsy K. Immunological considerations and challenges for regenerative cellular therapies. Commun Biol 2021; 4:798. [PMID: 34172826 PMCID: PMC8233383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02237-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The central goal of regenerative medicine is to replace damaged or diseased tissue with cells that integrate and function optimally. The capacity of pluripotent stem cells to produce unlimited numbers of differentiated cells is of considerable therapeutic interest, with several clinical trials underway. However, the host immune response represents an important barrier to clinical translation. Here we describe the role of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as triggers of allogeneic graft rejection. We discuss how the immune response is determined by the cellular therapy. Additionally, we describe the range of available in vitro and in vivo experimental approaches to examine the immunogenicity of cellular therapies, and finally we review potential strategies to ameliorate immune rejection. In conclusion, we advocate establishment of platforms that bring together the multidisciplinary expertise and infrastructure necessary to comprehensively investigate the immunogenicity of cellular therapies to ensure their clinical safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Petrus-Reurer
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Marco Romano
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Howlett
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Louise Jones
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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31
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Armstrong JPK, Keane TJ, Roques AC, Patrick PS, Mooney CM, Kuan WL, Pisupati V, Oreffo ROC, Stuckey DJ, Watt FM, Forbes SJ, Barker RA, Stevens MM. A blueprint for translational regenerative medicine. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/572/eaaz2253. [PMID: 33268507 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz2253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The past few decades have produced a large number of proof-of-concept studies in regenerative medicine. However, the route to clinical adoption is fraught with technical and translational obstacles that frequently consign promising academic solutions to the so-called "valley of death." Here, we present a proposed blueprint for translational regenerative medicine. We offer principles to help guide the selection of cells and materials, present key in vivo imaging modalities, and argue that the host immune response should be considered throughout design and development. Last, we suggest a pathway to navigate the often complex regulatory and manufacturing landscape of translational regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P K Armstrong
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Timothy J Keane
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Anne C Roques
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Claire M Mooney
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Wei-Li Kuan
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Venkat Pisupati
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Richard O C Oreffo
- Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Daniel J Stuckey
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Roger A Barker
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair and Wellcome - MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK. .,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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32
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Li C, Mills Z, Zheng Z. Novel cell sources for bone regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:145-174. [PMID: 34766140 PMCID: PMC8491221 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of both acute and chronic conditions, including traumatic, degenerative, malignant, or congenital disorders, commonly induce bone disorders often associated with severe persisting pain and limited mobility. Over 1 million surgical procedures involving bone excision, bone grafting, and fracture repair are performed each year in the U.S. alone, resulting in immense levels of public health challenges and corresponding financial burdens. Unfortunately, the innate self-healing capacity of bone is often inadequate for larger defects over a critical size. Moreover, as direct transplantation of committed osteoblasts is hindered by deficient cell availability, limited cell spreading, and poor survivability, an urgent need for novel cell sources for bone regeneration is concurrent. Thanks to the development in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming technology, many multipotent and pluripotent cells that manifest promising osteogenic potential are considered the regenerative remedy for bone defects. Considering these cells' investigation is still in its relative infancy, each of them offers their own particular challenges that must be conquered before the large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zane Mills
- College of DentistryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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33
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Targeting SUMOylation dependency in human cancer stem cells through a unique SAE2 motif revealed by chemical genomics. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1394-1406.e10. [PMID: 33979648 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) encompass a rich source of bioactive chemical entities. Here, we used human cancer stem cells (CSCs) in a chemical genomics campaign with NP chemical space to interrogate extracts from diverse strains of actinomycete for anti-cancer properties. We identified a compound (McM25044) capable of selectively inhibiting human CSC function versus normal stem cell counterparts. Biochemical and molecular studies revealed that McM025044 exerts inhibition on human CSCs through the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) cascade, found to be hyperactive in a variety of human cancers. McM025044 impedes the SUMOylation pathway via direct targeting of the SAE1/2 complex. Treatment of patient-derived CSCs resulted in reduced levels of SUMOylated proteins and suppression of progenitor and stem cell capacity measured in vitro and in vivo. Our study overcomes a barrier in chemically inhibiting oncogenic SUMOylation activity and uncovers a unique role for SAE2 in the biology of human cancers.
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34
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Halliwell JA, Baker D, Judge K, Quail MA, Oliver K, Betteridge E, Skelton J, Andrews PW, Barbaric I. Nanopore Sequencing Indicates That Tandem Amplification of Chromosome 20q11.21 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Driven by Break-Induced Replication. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:578-586. [PMID: 33757297 PMCID: PMC8165465 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are genomic rearrangements implicated in numerous congenital and acquired diseases, including cancer. The appearance of culture-acquired CNVs in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) has prompted concerns for their use in regenerative medicine. A particular problem in PSC is the frequent occurrence of CNVs in the q11.21 region of chromosome 20. However, the exact mechanism of origin of this amplicon remains elusive due to the difficulty in delineating its sequence and breakpoints. Here, we have addressed this problem using long-read Nanopore sequencing of two examples of this CNV, present as duplication and as triplication. In both cases, the CNVs were arranged in a head-to-tail orientation, with microhomology sequences flanking or overlapping the proximal and distal breakpoints. These breakpoint signatures point to a mechanism of microhomology-mediated break-induced replication in CNV formation, with surrounding Alu sequences likely contributing to the instability of this genomic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Halliwell
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Baker
- Sheffield Diagnostic Genetic Services, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kim Judge
- Department of Sequencing R & D, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Quail
- Department of Sequencing R & D, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Oliver
- Department of Sequencing R & D, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Betteridge
- Department of Sequencing R & D, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Skelton
- Department of Sequencing R & D, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Peter W Andrews
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Ivana Barbaric
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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35
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Mus LM, Van Haver S, Popovic M, Trypsteen W, Lefever S, Zeltner N, Ogando Y, Jacobs EZ, Denecker G, Sanders E, Van Neste C, Vanhauwaert S, Decaesteker B, Deforce D, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Mestdagh P, Vandesompele J, Menten B, De Preter K, Studer L, Heindryckx B, Durinck K, Roberts S, Speleman F. Recurrent chromosomal imbalances provide selective advantage to human embryonic stem cells under enhanced replicative stress conditions. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2021; 60:272-281. [PMID: 33336840 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and embryonal tumors share a number of common features, including a compromised G1/S checkpoint. Consequently, these rapidly dividing hESCs and cancer cells undergo elevated levels of replicative stress, inducing genomic instability that drives chromosomal imbalances. In this context, it is of interest that long-term in vitro cultured hESCs exhibit a remarkable high incidence of segmental DNA copy number gains, some of which are also highly recurrent in certain malignancies such as 17q gain (17q+). The selective advantage of DNA copy number changes in these cells has been attributed to several underlying processes including enhanced proliferation. We hypothesized that these recurrent chromosomal imbalances become rapidly embedded in the cultured hESCs through a replicative stress driven Darwinian selection process. To this end, we compared the effect of hydroxyurea-induced replicative stress vs normal growth conditions in an equally mixed cell population of isogenic euploid and 17q + hESCs. We could show that 17q + hESCs rapidly overtook normal hESCs. Our data suggest that recurrent chromosomal segmental gains provide a proliferative advantage to hESCs under increased replicative stress, a process that may also explain the highly recurrent nature of certain imbalances in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselot M Mus
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Van Haver
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mina Popovic
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Trypsteen
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Lefever
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yudelca Ogando
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Eva Z Jacobs
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Denecker
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Sanders
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Suzanne Vanhauwaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bieke Decaesteker
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, USA
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat Durinck
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephen Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - Frank Speleman
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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Reid JC, Golubeva D, Boyd AL, Hollands CG, Henly C, Orlando L, Leber A, Hébert J, Morabito F, Cutrona G, Agnelli L, Gentile M, Ferrarini M, Neri A, Leber B, Bhatia M. Human pluripotent stem cells identify molecular targets of trisomy 12 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108845. [PMID: 33730576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying precise targets of individual cancers remains challenging. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) represents the most common adult hematologic malignancy, and trisomy 12 (tri12) represents a quarter of CLL patients. We report that tri12 human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) allow for the identification of gene networks and targets specific to tri12, which are controlled by comparative normal PSCs. Identified targets are upregulated in tri12 leukemic cells from a cohort of 159 patients with monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis and CLL. tri12 signaling patterns significantly influence progression-free survival. Actionable targets are identified using high-content drug testing and functionally validated in an additional 44 CLL patient samples. Using xenograft models, interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) inhibitor is potent and selective against human tri12 CLL versus healthy patient-derived xenografts. Our study uses hPSCs to uncover targets from genetic aberrations and apply them to cancer. These findings provide immediate translational potential as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Diana Golubeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cameron G Hollands
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Charisa Henly
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Luca Orlando
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Leber
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Biotechnology Research Unit, AO of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy; Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Augusta Victoria Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Pathobiology Unit 2, IRCCS National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Department of Onco-Hematology, Biotechnology Research Unit, AO of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Manlio Ferrarini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Onco-Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Orlando L, Tanasijevic B, Nakanishi M, Reid JC, García-Rodríguez JL, Chauhan KD, Porras DP, Aslostovar L, Lu JD, Shapovalova Z, Mitchell RR, Boyd AL, Bhatia M. Phosphorylation state of the histone variant H2A.X controls human stem and progenitor cell fate decisions. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108818. [PMID: 33691101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone variants (HVs) are a subfamily of epigenetic regulators implicated in embryonic development, but their role in human stem cell fate remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the phosphorylation state of the HV H2A.X (γH2A.X) regulates self-renewal and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and leukemic progenitors. As demonstrated by CRISPR-Cas deletion, H2A.X is essential in maintaining normal hPSC behavior. However, reduced levels of γH2A.X enhances hPSC differentiation toward the hematopoietic lineage with concomitant inhibition of neural development. In contrast, activation and sustained levels of phosphorylated H2A.X enhance hPSC neural fate while suppressing hematopoiesis. This controlled lineage bias correlates to occupancy of γH2A.X at genomic loci associated with ectoderm versus mesoderm specification. Finally, drug modulation of H2A.X phosphorylation overcomes differentiation block of patient-derived leukemic progenitors. Our study demonstrates HVs may serve to regulate pluripotent cell fate and that this biology could be extended to somatic cancer stem cell control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Orlando
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Borko Tanasijevic
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mio Nakanishi
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Juan L García-Rodríguez
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Kapil Dev Chauhan
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Deanna P Porras
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Lili Aslostovar
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Justin D Lu
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Zoya Shapovalova
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Ryan R Mitchell
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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38
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Bergin CJ, Zouggar A, Haebe JR, Masibag AN, Desrochers FM, Reilley SY, Agrawal G, Benoit YD. G9a controls pluripotent-like identity and tumor-initiating function in human colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2020; 40:1191-1202. [PMID: 33323965 PMCID: PMC7878189 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal tumors are hierarchically organized and governed by populations of self-renewing cancer stem cells, representing one of the deadliest types of cancers worldwide. Emergence of cancer stemness phenotype depends on epigenetic reprogramming, associated with profound transcriptional changes. As described for pluripotent reprogramming, epigenetic modifiers play a key role in cancer stem cells by establishing embryonic stem-like transcriptional programs, thus impacting the balance between self-renewal and differentiation. We identified overexpression of histone methyltransferase G9a as a risk factor for colorectal cancer, associated with shorter relapse-free survival. Moreover, using human transformed pluripotent cells as a surrogate model for cancer stem cells, we observed that G9a activity is essential for the maintenance of embryonic-like transcriptional signature promoting self-renewal, tumorigenicity, and undifferentiated state. Such a role was also applicable to colorectal cancer, where inhibitors of G9a histone methyltransferase function induced intestinal differentiation while restricting tumor-initiating activity in patient-derived colorectal tumor samples. Finally, by integrating transcriptome profiling with G9a/H3K9me2 loci co-occupancy, we identified the canonical Wnt pathway, epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition, and extracellular matrix organization as potential targets of such a chromatin regulation mechanism in colorectal cancer stem cells. Overall, our findings provide novel insights on the role of G9a as a driver of cancer stem cell phenotype, promoting self-renewal, tumorigenicity, and undifferentiated state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Aïcha Zouggar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joshua R Haebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - François M Desrochers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Simon Y Reilley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Gautam Agrawal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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39
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Functional in vivo and in vitro effects of 20q11.21 genetic aberrations on hPSC differentiation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18582. [PMID: 33122739 PMCID: PMC7596514 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have promising therapeutic applications due to their infinite capacity for self-renewal and pluripotency. Genomic stability is imperative for the clinical use of hPSCs; however, copy number variation (CNV), especially recurrent CNV at 20q11.21, may contribute genomic instability of hPSCs. Furthermore, the effects of CNVs in hPSCs at the whole-transcriptome scale are poorly understood. This study aimed to examine the functional in vivo and in vitro effects of frequently detected CNVs at 20q11.21 during early-stage differentiation of hPSCs. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of abnormal hPSCs revealed that the differential gene expression patterns had a negative effect on differentiation potential. Transcriptional heterogeneity identified by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of embryoid bodies from two different isogenic lines of hPSCs revealed alterations in differentiated cell distributions compared with that of normal cells. RNA-seq analysis of 22 teratomas identified several differentially expressed lineage-specific markers in hPSCs with CNVs, consistent with the histological results of the altered ecto/meso/endodermal ratio due to CNVs. Our results suggest that CNV amplification contributes to cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell fate specification. This work shows the functional consequences of recurrent genetic abnormalities and thereby provides evidence to support the development of cell-based applications.
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40
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Whatley M, Francis A, Ng ZY, Khoh XE, Atlas MD, Dilley RJ, Wong EYM. Usher Syndrome: Genetics and Molecular Links of Hearing Loss and Directions for Therapy. Front Genet 2020; 11:565216. [PMID: 33193648 PMCID: PMC7642844 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.565216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Usher syndrome (USH) is an autosomal recessive (AR) disorder that permanently and severely affects the senses of hearing, vision, and balance. Three clinically distinct types of USH have been identified, decreasing in severity from Type 1 to 3, with symptoms of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and vestibular dysfunction. There are currently nine confirmed and two suspected USH-causative genes, and a further three candidate loci have been mapped. The proteins encoded by these genes form complexes that play critical roles in the development and maintenance of cellular structures within the inner ear and retina, which have minimal capacity for repair or regeneration. In the cochlea, stereocilia are located on the apical surface of inner ear hair cells (HC) and are responsible for transducing mechanical stimuli from sound pressure waves into chemical signals. These signals are then detected by the auditory nerve fibers, transmitted to the brain and interpreted as sound. Disease-causing mutations in USH genes can destabilize the tip links that bind the stereocilia to each other, and cause defects in protein trafficking and stereocilia bundle morphology, thereby inhibiting mechanosensory transduction. This review summarizes the current knowledge on Usher syndrome with a particular emphasis on mutations in USH genes, USH protein structures, and functional analyses in animal models. Currently, there is no cure for USH. However, the genetic therapies that are rapidly developing will benefit from this compilation of detailed genetic information to identify the most effective strategies for restoring functional USH proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg Whatley
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Abbie Francis
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Emergency Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Zi Ying Ng
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Xin Ee Khoh
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marcus D. Atlas
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Rodney J. Dilley
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Elaine Y. M. Wong
- Ear Science Institute Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Ear Sciences Centre, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
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41
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Halliwell J, Barbaric I, Andrews PW. Acquired genetic changes in human pluripotent stem cells: origins and consequences. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:715-728. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-00292-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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42
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Desgres M, Menasché P. Clinical Translation of Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapies: Challenges and Considerations. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 25:594-606. [PMID: 31703770 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although the clinical outcomes of cell therapy trials have not met initial expectations, emerging evidence suggests that injury-mediated tissue damage might benefit from the delivery of cells or their secreted products. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are promising cell sources primarily because of their capacity to generate stage- and lineage-specific differentiated derivatives. However, they carry inherent challenges for safe and efficacious clinical translation. This Review describes completed or ongoing trials of PSCs, discusses their potential mechanisms of action, and considers how to address the challenges required for them to become a major therapy, using heart repair as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Desgres
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, 75015 Paris, France; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou 20, rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France.
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43
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Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Prospect of Human Clinical Translation. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8837654. [PMID: 33953753 PMCID: PMC8063852 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8837654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) are key players in regenerative medicine, relying principally on their differentiation/regeneration potential, immunomodulatory properties, paracrine effects, and potent homing ability with minimal if any ethical concerns. Even though multiple preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated remarkable properties for MSCs, the clinical applicability of MSC-based therapies is still questionable. Several challenges exist that critically hinder a successful clinical translation of MSC-based therapies, including but not limited to heterogeneity of their populations, variability in their quality and quantity, donor-related factors, discrepancies in protocols for isolation, in vitro expansion and premodification, and variability in methods of cell delivery, dosing, and cell homing. Alterations of MSC viability, proliferation, properties, and/or function are also affected by various drugs and chemicals. Moreover, significant safety concerns exist due to possible teratogenic/neoplastic potential and transmission of infectious diseases. Through the current review, we aim to highlight the major challenges facing MSCs' human clinical translation and shed light on the undergoing strategies to overcome them.
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44
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Cash TP, Alcalá S, Rico-Ferreira MDR, Hernández-Encinas E, García J, Albarrán MI, Valle S, Muñoz J, Martínez-González S, Blanco-Aparicio C, Pastor J, Serrano M, Sainz B. Induction of Lysosome Membrane Permeabilization as a Therapeutic Strategy to Target Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071790. [PMID: 32635473 PMCID: PMC7407272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant efforts to improve pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) clinical outcomes, overall survival remains dismal. The poor response to current therapies is partly due to the existence of pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs), which are efficient drivers of PDAC tumorigenesis, metastasis and relapse. To find new therapeutic agents that could efficiently kill PaCSCs, we screened a chemical library of 680 compounds for candidate small molecules with anti-CSC activity, and identified two compounds of a specific chemical series with potent activity in vitro and in vivo against patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cultures. The anti-CSC mechanism of action of this specific chemical series was found to rely on induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), which is likely associated with the increased lysosomal mass observed in PaCSCs. Using the well characterized LMP-inducer siramesine as a tool molecule, we show elimination of the PaCSC population in mice implanted with tumors from two PDX models. Collectively, our approach identified lysosomal disruption as a promising anti-CSC therapeutic strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Cash
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.P.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3—Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Rosario Rico-Ferreira
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Elena Hernández-Encinas
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Jennifer García
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - María Isabel Albarrán
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Sandra Valle
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3—Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Muñoz
- Proteomics Unit–ProteoRed-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sonia Martínez-González
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Joaquín Pastor
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.d.R.R.-F.); (E.H.-E.); (J.G.); (M.I.A.); (S.M.-G.); (C.B.-A.); (J.P.)
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Tumor Suppression Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (T.P.C.); (M.S.)
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Cancer Biology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (IIBM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (S.A.); (S.V.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer, Area 3—Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
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45
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Zhang M, Xiao R, Liu G, Huang Y. Genotoxins exaggerate the stressed state of aneuploid embryonic stem cells via activation of autophagy. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1026-1036. [PMID: 31872377 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The cellular consequences of aneuploidy are largely dependent on the cell types examined. Aneuploid yeasts and mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit cell proliferation defects and can be selectively inhibited by compounds that cause proteotoxic or energy stress. By contrast, most aneuploid pluripotent stem cells proliferate rapidly and reach higher saturation densities. The responses of aneuploid pluripotent stem cells to the stress-inducing compounds remain uncharacterized. Here, we tested the response of aneuploid embryonic stem cells to several compounds that caused proteotoxic, energy and genotoxic stress using previously established mouse embryonic stem cell lines trisomic for chromosome 6, 8, 11, or 15. Not all trisomic embryonic stem cells were selectively inhibited by compounds that cause proteotoxic or energy stress. However, most of these cells exhibited increased sensitivity to genotoxins. They displayed elevated DNA damage response as characterized by increased γH2A.X foci under genotoxic stress. Further investigations indicated that elevated autophagy levels might contribute to the increased cytotoxic effects of genotoxins on trisomic embryonic stem cells. Our study laid the foundation for eliminating aneuploidy that might be an effective approach for controlling cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China. .,Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
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46
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Martin RM, Fowler JL, Cromer MK, Lesch BJ, Ponce E, Uchida N, Nishimura T, Porteus MH, Loh KM. Improving the safety of human pluripotent stem cell therapies using genome-edited orthogonal safeguards. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2713. [PMID: 32483127 PMCID: PMC7264334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their rapidly-expanding therapeutic potential, human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cell therapies continue to have serious safety risks. Transplantation of hPSC-derived cell populations into preclinical models has generated teratomas (tumors arising from undifferentiated hPSCs), unwanted tissues, and other types of adverse events. Mitigating these risks is important to increase the safety of such therapies. Here we use genome editing to engineer a general platform to improve the safety of future hPSC-derived cell transplantation therapies. Specifically, we develop hPSC lines bearing two drug-inducible safeguards, which have distinct functionalities and address separate safety concerns. In vitro administration of one small molecule depletes undifferentiated hPSCs >106-fold, thus preventing teratoma formation in vivo. Administration of a second small molecule kills all hPSC-derived cell-types, thus providing an option to eliminate the entire hPSC-derived cell product in vivo if adverse events arise. These orthogonal safety switches address major safety concerns with pluripotent cell-derived therapies. Human pluripotent stem cell derived therapies can have serious safety risks. Here the authors design two drug inducible genetic safeguards to deplete undifferentiated hPSCs and hPSC-derived cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata M Martin
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jonas L Fowler
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - M Kyle Cromer
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin J Lesch
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ezequiel Ponce
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Nobuko Uchida
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,ReGen Med Division, BOCO Silicon Valley, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford-UC Berkeley Siebel Stem Cell Institute, Stanford Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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47
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O'Shea O, Steeg R, Chapman C, Mackintosh P, Stacey GN. Development and implementation of large-scale quality control for the European bank for induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 45:101773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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48
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Cardiac cell therapy: Current status, challenges and perspectives. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 113:285-292. [PMID: 32171698 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although the initial clinical trials of cardiac cell therapy have failed to demonstrate unequivocal clinical benefits, the accumulation of preclinical data gathered in parallel can now help us to understand the main causes of failures, while providing mechanistic insights that may be leveraged to improve the outcomes of subsequent clinical studies using cells or their secreted products. This review briefly describes the current status of clinical trials, discusses the potential mechanisms of action of the grafted cells, and the impact of this knowledge on the design of future studies, and finally draws some perspectives.
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49
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Velasco-Velázquez MA, Velázquez-Quesada I, Vásquez-Bochm LX, Pérez-Tapia SM. Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells: A Methodological Perspective. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:389-397. [PMID: 30147014 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x13666180821155701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) constitute a subpopulation at the top of the tumor cell hierarchy that contributes to tumor heterogeneity and is uniquely capable of seeding new tumors. Because of their biological properties, CSCs have been pointed out as therapeutic targets for the development of new therapies against breast cancer. The identification of drugs that selectively target breast CSCs requires a clear understanding of their biological functions and the experimental methods to evaluate such hallmarks. Herein, we review the methods to study breast CSCs properties and discuss their value in the preclinical evaluation of CSC-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Velasco-Velázquez
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad Periférica de Investigación en Biomedicina Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Inés Velázquez-Quesada
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigacion en Bioprocesos, ENCB, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luz X Vásquez-Bochm
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sonia M Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigacion en Bioprocesos, ENCB, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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50
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Pospisilova V, Esner M, Cervenkova I, Fedr R, Tinevez JY, Hampl A, Anger M. The frequency and consequences of multipolar mitoses in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:209-217. [PMID: 34907719 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2019.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells widely used in cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, the broader clinical applications of ES cells are limited by their genomic instability and karyotypic abnormalities. Thus, understanding the mechanisms underlying ES cell karyotypic abnormalities is critical to optimizing their clinical use. In this study, we focused on proliferating human and mouse ES cells undergoing multipolar divisions. Specifically, we analyzed the frequency and outcomes of such divisions using a combination of time-lapse microscopy and cell tracking. This revealed that cells resulting from multipolar divisions were not only viable, but they also frequently underwent subsequent cell divisions. Our novel data also showed that in human and mouse ES cells, multipolar spindles allowed more robust escape from chromosome segregation control mechanisms than bipolar spindles. Considering the frequency of multipolar divisions in proliferating ES cells, it is conceivable that cell division errors underlie ES cell karyotypic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pospisilova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Esner
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk University, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Cervenkova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Fedr
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ales Hampl
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,St. Anne's University Hospital, International Clinical Research Center, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Anger
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk University, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Cellular Imaging Core Facility, Brno, Czech Republic
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