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Cao S, Wei Y, Yue Y, Wang D, Xiong A, Zeng H. A Scientometric Worldview of Artificial Intelligence in Musculoskeletal Diseases Since the 21st Century. J Multidiscip Healthc 2024; 17:3193-3211. [PMID: 39006873 PMCID: PMC11246091 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s477219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Over the past 24 years, significant advancements have been made in applying artificial intelligence (AI) to musculoskeletal (MSK) diseases. However, there is a lack of analytical and descriptive investigations on the trajectory, essential research directions, current research scenario, pivotal focuses, and future perspectives. This research aims to provide a thorough update on the progress in AI for MSK diseases over the last 24 years. Methods Data from the Web of Science database, covering January 1, 2000, to March 1, 2024, was analyzed. Using advanced analytical tools, we conducted comprehensive scientometric and visual analyses. Results The findings highlight the predominant influence of the USA, which accounts for 28.53% of the total publications and plays a key role in shaping research in this field. Notable productivity was seen at institutions such as the University of California, San Francisco, Harvard Medical School, and Seoul National University. Valentina Pedoia is identified as the most prolific contributor. Scientific Reports had the highest number of publications in this area. The five most significant diseases are joint diseases, bone fractures, bone tumors, cartilage diseases, and spondylitis. Conclusion This comprehensive scientometric assessment benefits both experienced researchers and newcomers, providing quick access to essential information and fostering the development of innovative concepts in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Cao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihao Wei
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaohang Yue
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Xiong
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zeng
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Orthopaedic Biomaterials, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Diseases and Biomaterials Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Bone & Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Shang Y, Tian Y, Lyu K, Zhou T, Zhang P, Chen J, Li J. Electronic Health Record-Oriented Knowledge Graph System for Collaborative Clinical Decision Support Using Multicenter Fragmented Medical Data: Design and Application Study. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e54263. [PMID: 38968598 DOI: 10.2196/54263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medical knowledge graph provides explainable decision support, helping clinicians with prompt diagnosis and treatment suggestions. However, in real-world clinical practice, patients visit different hospitals seeking various medical services, resulting in fragmented patient data across hospitals. With data security issues, data fragmentation limits the application of knowledge graphs because single-hospital data cannot provide complete evidence for generating precise decision support and comprehensive explanations. It is important to study new methods for knowledge graph systems to integrate into multicenter, information-sensitive medical environments, using fragmented patient records for decision support while maintaining data privacy and security. OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose an electronic health record (EHR)-oriented knowledge graph system for collaborative reasoning with multicenter fragmented patient medical data, all the while preserving data privacy. METHODS The study introduced an EHR knowledge graph framework and a novel collaborative reasoning process for utilizing multicenter fragmented information. The system was deployed in each hospital and used a unified semantic structure and Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) vocabulary to standardize the local EHR data set. The system transforms local EHR data into semantic formats and performs semantic reasoning to generate intermediate reasoning findings. The generated intermediate findings used hypernym concepts to isolate original medical data. The intermediate findings and hash-encrypted patient identities were synchronized through a blockchain network. The multicenter intermediate findings were collaborated for final reasoning and clinical decision support without gathering original EHR data. RESULTS The system underwent evaluation through an application study involving the utilization of multicenter fragmented EHR data to alert non-nephrology clinicians about overlooked patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered 1185 patients in nonnephrology departments from 3 hospitals. The patients visited at least two of the hospitals. Of these, 124 patients were identified as meeting CKD diagnosis criteria through collaborative reasoning using multicenter EHR data, whereas the data from individual hospitals alone could not facilitate the identification of CKD in these patients. The assessment by clinicians indicated that 78/91 (86%) patients were CKD positive. CONCLUSIONS The proposed system was able to effectively utilize multicenter fragmented EHR data for clinical application. The application study showed the clinical benefits of the system with prompt and comprehensive decision support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shang
- Research Center for Data Hub and Security, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kewei Lyu
- Engineering Research Center of EMR and Intelligent Expert System, Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianshu Zhou
- Research Center for Data Hub and Security, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingsong Li
- Research Center for Data Hub and Security, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
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Al-Khatib SM, Singh JP, Ghanbari H, McManus DD, Deering TF, Avari Silva JN, Mittal S, Krahn A, Hurwitz JL. The potential of artificial intelligence to revolutionize health care delivery, research, and education in cardiac electrophysiology. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:978-989. [PMID: 38752904 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The field of electrophysiology (EP) has benefited from numerous seminal innovations and discoveries that have enabled clinicians to deliver therapies and interventions that save lives and promote quality of life. The rapid pace of innovation in EP may be hindered by several challenges including the aging population with increasing morbidity, the availability of multiple costly therapies that, in many instances, confer minor incremental benefit, the limitations of healthcare reimbursement, the lack of response to therapies by some patients, and the complications of the invasive procedures performed. To overcome these challenges and continue on a steadfast path of transformative innovation, the EP community must comprehensively explore how artificial intelligence (AI) can be applied to healthcare delivery, research, and education and consider all opportunities in which AI can catalyze innovation; create workflow, research, and education efficiencies; and improve patient outcomes at a lower cost. In this white paper, we define AI and discuss the potential of AI to revolutionize the EP field. We also address the requirements for implementing, maintaining, and enhancing quality when using AI and consider ethical, operational, and regulatory aspects of AI implementation. This manuscript will be followed by several perspective papers that will expand on some of these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana M Al-Khatib
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hamid Ghanbari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David D McManus
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School and UMass Memorial Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas F Deering
- Piedmont Heart of Buckhead Electrophysiology, Piedmont Heart Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer N Avari Silva
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Andrew Krahn
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Goldfarb MJ, Saylor MA, Bozkurt B, Code J, Di Palo KE, Durante A, Flanary K, Masterson Creber R, Ogunniyi MO, Rodriguez F, Gulati M. Patient-Centered Adult Cardiovascular Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2024; 149:e1176-e1188. [PMID: 38602110 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Patient-centered care is gaining widespread acceptance by the medical and lay communities and is increasingly recognized as a goal of high-quality health care delivery. Patient-centered care is based on ethical principles and aims at establishing a partnership between the health care team and patient, family member, or both in the care planning and decision-making process. Patient-centered care involves providing respectful care by tailoring management decisions to patients' beliefs, preferences, and values. A collaborative care approach can enhance patient engagement, foster shared decision-making that aligns with patient values and goals, promote more personalized and effective cardiovascular care, and potentially improve patient outcomes. The objective of this scientific statement is to inform health care professionals and stakeholders about the role and impact of patient-centered care in adult cardiovascular medicine. This scientific statement describes the background and rationale for patient-centered care in cardiovascular medicine, provides insight into patient-oriented medication management and patient-reported outcome measures, highlights opportunities and strategies to overcome challenges in patient-centered care, and outlines knowledge gaps and future directions.
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Higa-McMillan CK, Park AL, Daleiden EL, Becker KD, Bernstein A, Chorpita BF. Getting More Out of Clinical Documentation: Can Clinical Dashboards Yield Clinically Useful Information? ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2024; 51:268-285. [PMID: 38261119 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-023-01329-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated coded data retrieved from clinical dashboards, which are decision-support tools that include a graphical display of clinical progress and clinical activities. Data were extracted from clinical dashboards representing 256 youth (M age = 11.9) from 128 practitioners who were trained in the Managing and Adapting Practice (MAP) system (Chorpita & Daleiden in BF Chorpita EL Daleiden 2014 Structuring the collaboration of science and service in pursuit of a shared vision. 43(2):323 338. 2014, Chorpita & Daleiden in BF Chorpita EL Daleiden 2018 Coordinated strategic action: Aspiring to wisdom in mental health service systems. 25(4):e12264. 2018) in 55 agencies across 5 regional mental health systems. Practitioners labeled up to 35 fields (i.e., descriptions of clinical activities), with the options of drawing from a controlled vocabulary or writing in a client-specific activity. Practitioners then noted when certain activities occurred during the episode of care. Fields from the extracted data were coded and reliability was assessed for Field Type, Practice Element Type, Target Area, and Audience (e.g., Caregiver Psychoeducation: Anxiety would be coded as Field Type = Practice Element; Practice Element Type = Psychoeducation; Target Area = Anxiety; Audience = Caregiver). Coders demonstrated moderate to almost perfect interrater reliability. On average, practitioners recorded two activities per session, and clients had 10 unique activities across all their sessions. Results from multilevel models showed that clinical activity characteristics and sessions accounted for the most variance in the occurrence, recurrence, and co-occurrence of clinical activities, with relatively less variance accounted for by practitioners, clients, and regional systems. Findings are consistent with patterns of practice reported in other studies and suggest that clinical dashboards may be a useful source of clinical information. More generally, the use of a controlled vocabulary for clinical activities appears to increase the retrievability and actionability of healthcare information and thus sets the stage for advancing the utility of clinical documentation.
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Heudel P, Crochet H, Durand T, Zrounba P, Blay JY. From data strategy to implementation to advance cancer research and cancer care: A French comprehensive cancer center experience. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000415. [PMID: 38113207 PMCID: PMC10729983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
In a comprehensive cancer center, effective data strategies are essential to evaluate practices, and outcome, understanding the disease and prognostic factors, identifying disparities in cancer care, and overall developing better treatments. To achieve these goals, the Center Léon Bérard (CLB) considers various data collection strategies, including electronic medical records (EMRs), clinical trial data, and research projects. Advanced data analysis techniques like natural language processing (NLP) can be used to extract and categorize information from these sources to provide a more complete description of patient data. Data sharing is also crucial for collaboration across comprehensive cancer centers, but it must be done securely and in compliance with regulations like GDPR. To ensure data is shared appropriately, CLB should develop clear data sharing policies and share data in a controlled, standardized format like OSIRIS RWD, OMOP and FHIR. The UNICANCER initiative has launched the CONSORE project to support the development of a structured and standardized repository of patient data to improve cancer research and patient outcomes. Real-world data (RWD) studies are vital in cancer research as they provide a comprehensive and accurate picture of patient outcomes and treatment patterns. By incorporating RWD into data collection, analysis, and sharing strategies, comprehensive cancer centers can take a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to cancer research. In conclusion, comprehensive cancer centers must take an integrated approach to data collection, analysis, and sharing to enhance their understanding of cancer and improve patient outcomes. Leveraging advanced data analytics techniques and developing effective data sharing policies can help cancer centers effectively harness the power of data to drive progress in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Heudel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hugo Crochet
- Data and Artificial Intelligence Team, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Data protection officer, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Philippe Zrounba
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
- General Director, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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Esmaeilzadeh P, Mirzaei T. Role of Incentives in the Use of Blockchain-Based Platforms for Sharing Sensitive Health Data: Experimental Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e41805. [PMID: 37594783 PMCID: PMC10474518 DOI: 10.2196/41805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blockchain is an emerging technology that enables secure and decentralized approaches to reduce technical risks and governance challenges associated with sharing data. Although blockchain-based solutions have been suggested for sharing health information, it is still unclear whether a suitable incentive mechanism (intrinsic or extrinsic) can be identified to encourage individuals to share their sensitive data for research purposes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate how important extrinsic incentives are and what type of incentive is the best option in blockchain-based platforms designed for sharing sensitive health information. METHODS In this study, we conducted 3 experiments with 493 individuals to investigate the role of extrinsic incentives (ie, cryptocurrency, money, and recognition) in data sharing with research organizations. RESULTS The findings highlight that offering different incentives is insufficient to encourage individuals to use blockchain technology or to change their perceptions about the technology's premise for sharing sensitive health data. The results demonstrate that individuals still attribute serious risks to blockchain-based platforms. Privacy and security concerns, trust issues, lack of knowledge about the technology, lack of public acceptance, and lack of regulations are reported as top risks. In terms of attracting people to use blockchain-based platforms for data sharing in health care, we show that the effects of extrinsic motivations (cryptoincentives, money, and status) are significantly overshadowed by inhibitors to technology use. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that before emphasizing the use of various types of extrinsic incentives, the users must be educated about the capabilities and benefits offered by this technology. Thus, an essential first step for shifting from an institution-based data exchange to a patient-centric data exchange (using blockchain) is addressing technology inhibitors to promote patient-driven data access control. This study shows that extrinsic incentives alone are inadequate to change users' perceptions, increase their trust, or encourage them to use technology for sharing health data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tala Mirzaei
- Department of Information Systems and Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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Cho K, Kim KD, Nam Y, Jeong J, Kim J, Choi C, Lee S, Lee JS, Woo S, Hong GS, Seo JB, Kim N. CheSS: Chest X-Ray Pre-trained Model via Self-supervised Contrastive Learning. J Digit Imaging 2023; 36:902-910. [PMID: 36702988 PMCID: PMC10287612 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Training deep learning models on medical images heavily depends on experts' expensive and laborious manual labels. In addition, these images, labels, and even models themselves are not widely publicly accessible and suffer from various kinds of bias and imbalances. In this paper, chest X-ray pre-trained model via self-supervised contrastive learning (CheSS) was proposed to learn models with various representations in chest radiographs (CXRs). Our contribution is a publicly accessible pretrained model trained with a 4.8-M CXR dataset using self-supervised learning with a contrastive learning and its validation with various kinds of downstream tasks including classification on the 6-class diseases in internal dataset, diseases classification in CheXpert, bone suppression, and nodule generation. When compared to a scratch model, on the 6-class classification test dataset, we achieved 28.5% increase in accuracy. On the CheXpert dataset, we achieved 1.3% increase in mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve on the full dataset and 11.4% increase only using 1% data in stress test manner. On bone suppression with perceptual loss, we achieved improvement in peak signal to noise ratio from 34.99 to 37.77, structural similarity index measure from 0.976 to 0.977, and root-square-mean error from 4.410 to 3.301 when compared to ImageNet pretrained model. Finally, on nodule generation, we achieved improvement in Fréchet inception distance from 24.06 to 17.07. Our study showed the decent transferability of CheSS weights. CheSS weights can help researchers overcome data imbalance, data shortage, and inaccessibility of medical image datasets. CheSS weight is available at https://github.com/mi2rl/CheSS .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Nam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiheon Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Lee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Woo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gil-Sun Hong
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Beom Seo
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Namkug Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 5F, 26, Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Mathews S, Dham R, Dutta A, Jose A. Computational Intelligence in Otorhinolaryngology. JOURNAL OF MARINE MEDICAL SOCIETY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_159_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
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Mohsan SAH, Razzaq A, Ghayyur SAK, Alkahtani HK, Al-Kahtani N, Mostafa SM. Decentralized Patient-Centric Report and Medical Image Management System Based on Blockchain Technology and the Inter-Planetary File System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14641. [PMID: 36429351 PMCID: PMC9690269 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several academicians have been actively contributing to establishing a practical solution to storing and distributing medical images and test reports in the research domain of health care in recent years. Current procedures mainly rely on cloud-assisted centralized data centers, which raise maintenance expenditure, necessitate a large amount of storage space, and raise privacy concerns when exchanging data across a network. As a result, it is critically essential to provide a framework that allows for the efficient exchange and storage of large amounts of medical data in a secure setting. In this research, we describe a unique proof-of-concept architecture for a distributed patient-centric test report and image management (PCRIM) system that aims to facilitate patient privacy and control without the need for a centralized infrastructure. We used an Ethereum blockchain and a distributed file system technology called the Inter-Planetary File System in this system (IPFS). Then, to secure a distributed and trustworthy access control policy, we designed an Ethereum smart contract termed the patient-centric access control protocol. The IPFS allows for the decentralized storage of medical metadata, such as images, with worldwide accessibility. We demonstrate how the PCRIM system design enables hospitals, patients, and image requestors to obtain patient-centric data in a distributed and secure manner. Finally, we tested the proposed framework in the Windows environment by deploying a smart contract prototype on an Ethereum TESTNET blockchain. The findings of the study indicate that the proposed strategy is both efficient and practicable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdul Razzaq
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road 1, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shahbaz Ahmed Khan Ghayyur
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Hend Khalid Alkahtani
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Al-Kahtani
- Department of Health Information Management and Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samih M. Mostafa
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
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Piasecki J, Cheah PY. Ownership of individual-level health data, data sharing, and data governance. BMC Med Ethics 2022; 23:104. [PMID: 36309719 PMCID: PMC9617739 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-022-00848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ownership status of individual-level health data affects the manner in which it is used. In this paper we analyze two competing models of the ownership status of the data discussed in the literature recently: private ownership and public ownership. Main body In this paper we describe the limitations of these two models of data ownership with respect to individual-level health data, in particular in terms of ethical principles of justice and autonomy, risk mitigation, as well as technological, economic, and conceptual issues. We argue that undifferentiated application of neither private ownership nor public ownership will allow us to resolve all the problems associated with effective, equitable, and ethical use of data. We suggest that, instead of focusing on data ownership, we should focus on the institutional and procedural aspects of data governance, such as using Data Access Committees (DACs) or equivalent managed access processes, which can balance the elements of these two ownership frameworks. Conclusion Undifferentiated application of the ownership concept (private or public) is not helpful in resolving problems associated with sharing individual-level health data. DACs or equivalent managed access processes should be an integral part of data governance. They can approve or disapprove data access requests after considering the potential benefits and harms to data subjects, their communities, primary researchers, and the wider society.
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12
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Jansky B, Langstrup H. Device activism and material participation in healthcare: retracing forms of engagement in the #WeAreNotWaiting movement for open-source closed-loop systems in type 1 diabetes self-care. BIOSOCIETIES 2022; 18:1-25. [PMID: 35474758 PMCID: PMC9024066 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-022-00278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The #WeAreNotWaiting movement is a global digital health phenomenon in which people with diabetes, mainly type 1 diabetes (T1D), engage in the development and usage of open-source closed-loop technology for the improvement of their "chronic living" (Wahlberg et al. 2021). The characteristics of a digitally enabled and technologically engaged global activist patient collective feed into existing narratives of user-led and open-source innovation. They also call for more exploration of what it actually means to be locally involved in this kind of technologically mediated and global form of patient engagement. Building on empirical research conducted in the German healthcare context, we explore the different forms of material participation encountered among a group of people with T1D (who describe themselves as loopers), who are engaged in the development and usage of this open-source technology. Introducing the concept of device activism, we retrace three different device-centered narratives that show how a globally shared concern and political participation through technology use varies with local practices. Hereby we stress that the engagement in the #WeAreNotWaiting movement is both shaped by and is shaping the matters of concerns: devices in, on, and with bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jansky
- Ethics of Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Institute for Sociology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Henriette Langstrup
- Center for Medical Science and Technology Studies, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Chamola V, Goyal A, Sharma P, Hassija V, Binh HTT, Saxena V. Artificial intelligence-assisted blockchain-based framework for smart and secure EMR management. Neural Comput Appl 2022; 35:1-11. [PMID: 35310553 PMCID: PMC8918902 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare professionals, patients, and other stakeholders have been storing medical prescriptions and other relevant reports electronically. These reports contain the personal information of the patients, which is sensitive data. Therefore, there exists a need to store these records in a decentralized model (using IPFS and Ethereum decentralized application) to provide data and identity protection. Many patients recurrently visit doctors and undergo treatments while receiving different prescriptions and reports. In case of an emergency, the doctors and attendants may need and benefit from the patients' medical history. However, they are unable to go through medical history and a wide range of previous reports and prescriptions due to time constraints. In this paper, we propose an AI-assisted blockchain-based framework in which the stored medical records (handwritten prescriptions, printed prescriptions, and printed reports) are stored and processed using various AI techniques like optical character recognition (OCR) to form a single patient medical history report. The report concisely presents only the crucial information for convenience and perusal and is stored securely over a decentralized blockchain network for later use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adit Goyal
- Department of CSE and IT, JIIT, Noida, India
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14
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Kilgallon JL, Tewarie IA, Broekman MLD, Rana A, Smith TR. Passive Data Use for Ethical Digital Public Health Surveillance in a Postpandemic World. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e30524. [PMID: 35166676 PMCID: PMC8889482 DOI: 10.2196/30524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a fundamental need to establish the most ethical and effective way of tracking disease in the postpandemic era. The ubiquity of mobile phones is generating large amounts of passive data (collected without active user participation) that can be used as a tool for tracking disease. Although discussions of pragmatism or economic issues tend to guide public health decisions, ethical issues are the foremost public concern. Thus, officials must look to history and current moral frameworks to avoid past mistakes and ethical pitfalls. Past pandemics demonstrate that the aftermath is the most effective time to make health policy decisions. However, an ethical discussion of passive data use for digital public health surveillance has yet to be attempted, and little has been done to determine the best method to do so. Therefore, we aim to highlight four potential areas of ethical opportunity and challenge: (1) informed consent, (2) privacy, (3) equity, and (4) ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Kilgallon
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ishaan Ashwini Tewarie
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Faculty of Medicine, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marike L D Broekman
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Haaglanden Medical Center, The Hague, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurosurgery, Leiden Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Aakanksha Rana
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy R Smith
- Computational Neurosciences Outcomes Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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15
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Emerging health start-ups for economic feasibility: opportunities during COVID-19. CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS 2022. [PMCID: PMC9261776 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824557-6.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Indian population has a potential threat of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. The low preventive health measure is a cause of significant loss to the economy. The integration of the cloud platform with remote wearable sensors not only helps the health stakeholders to capture the patient’s vitals but also perform predictive analysis during COVID-19. Raising timely alarms through the Internet of Medical Things and artificial intelligence (AI) has complete preventive care applications through real-time analytics. However, health merchandise start-ups using AI and machine learning for timely device delivery face delay in making themselves available and affordable for remote patients of Tiers II and III. This study takes a health service provider perspective and seeks to study the problem situation using a causal loop model. Finally, analysis of the feedback loops and medical device import data is done to develop suitable strategies for COVID-19 patients of remote locations.
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16
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Piasecki J, Walkiewicz-Żarek E, Figas-Skrzypulec J, Kordecka A, Dranseika V. Ethical issues in biomedical research using electronic health records: a systematic review. MEDICINE, HEALTH CARE, AND PHILOSOPHY 2021; 24:633-658. [PMID: 34146228 PMCID: PMC8214390 DOI: 10.1007/s11019-021-10031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Digitization of a health record changes its accessibility. An electronic health record (EHR) can be accessed by multiple authorized users. Health information from EHRs contributes to learning healthcare systems' development. The objective of this systematic review is to answer a question: What are ethical issues concerning research using EHRs in the literature? We searched Medline Ovid, Embase and Scopus for publications concerning ethical issues of research use of EHRs. We employed the constant comparative method to retrieve common ethical themes. We descriptively summarized empirical studies. The study reveals the breadth, depth, and complexity of ethical problems associated with research use of EHRs. The central ethical question that emerges from the review is how to manage access to EHRs. Managing accessibility consists of interconnected and overlapping issues: streamlining research access to EHRs, minimizing risk, engaging and educating patients, as well as ensuring trustworthy governance of EHR data. Most of the ethical problems concerning EHR-based research arise from rapid cultural change. The framing of concepts of privacy, as well as individual and public dimensions of beneficence, are changing. We are currently living in the middle of this transition period. Human emotions and mental habits, as well as laws, are lagging behind technological developments. In the medical tradition, individual patient's health has always been in the center. Transformation of healthcare care, its digitalization, seems to have some impacts on our perspective of health care ethics, research ethics and public health ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Piasecki
- Department of Philosophy and Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Michalowskiego 12, 31-126, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | | | - Anna Kordecka
- HTA Registry Sp. z o.o. Sp. K, Herzoga 15, 30-252, Krakow, Poland
| | - Vilius Dranseika
- Department of Philosophy and Bioethics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Michalowskiego 12, 31-126, Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Philosophy, Vilnius University, 9/1 Universiteto, 01513, Vilnius, Lithuania
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17
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Costa TBDS, Shinoda L, Moreno RA, Krieger JE, Gutierrez M. Blockchain-based architecture design for personal health record (Preprint). J Med Internet Res 2021; 24:e35013. [PMID: 35416782 PMCID: PMC9047746 DOI: 10.2196/35013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of blockchain-based architectures for personal health record (PHR) lies in the fact that they are thought and developed to allow patients to control and at least partly collect their health data. Ideally, these systems should provide the full control of such data to the respective owner. In spite of this importance, most of the works focus more on describing how blockchain models can be used in a PHR scenario rather than whether these models are in fact feasible and robust enough to support a large number of users. Objective To achieve a consistent, reproducible, and comparable PHR system, we build a novel ledger-oriented architecture out of a permissioned distributed network, providing patients with a manner to securely collect, store, share, and manage their health data. We also emphasize the importance of suitable ledgers and smart contracts to operate the blockchain network as well as discuss the necessity of standardizing evaluation metrics to compare related (net)works. Methods We adopted the Hyperledger Fabric platform to implement our blockchain-based architecture design and the Hyperledger Caliper framework to provide a detailed assessment of our system: first, under workload, ranging from 100 to 2500 simultaneous record submissions, and second, increasing the network size from 3 to 13 peers. In both experiments, we used throughput and average latency as the primary metrics. We also created a health database, a cryptographic unit, and a server to complement the blockchain network. Results With a 3-peer network, smart contracts that write on the ledger have throughputs, measured in transactions per second (tps) in an order of magnitude close to 102 tps, while those contracts that only read have rates close to 103 tps. Smart contracts that write also have latencies, measured in seconds, in an order of magnitude close to 101 seconds, while that only read have delays close to 100 seconds. In particular, smart contracts that retrieve, list, and view history have throughputs varying, respectively, from 1100 tps to 1300 tps, 650 tps to 750 tps, and 850 tps to 950 tps, impacting the overall system response if they are equally requested under the same workload. Varying the network size and applying an equal fixed load, in turn, writing throughputs go from 102 tps to 101 tps and latencies go from 101 seconds to 102 seconds, while reading ones maintain similar values. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to evaluate, using Hyperledger Caliper, the performance of a PHR blockchain architecture and the first to evaluate each smart contract separately. Nevertheless, blockchain systems achieve performances far below what the traditional distributed databases achieve, indicating that the assessment of blockchain solutions for PHR is a major concern to be addressed before putting them into a real production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucas Shinoda
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ramon Alfredo Moreno
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose E Krieger
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Gutierrez
- Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Abstract
The importance of data is increasing along its inflation in our world today. In the big data era, data is becoming a main source for innovation, knowledge and insight, as well as a competitive and financial advantage in the race of information procurement. This interest in acquiring and exploiting data, in addition to the existing concerns regarding the privacy and security of information, raises the question of who should own the data and how the ownership of data can be preserved. This paper discusses and analyses the concept of data ownership and provides an overview on the subject from different point of views. It surveys also the state-of-the-art of data ownership in health, transportation, industry, energy and smart cities sectors and outlines lessons learned with an extended definition of data ownership that may pave the way for future research and work in this area.
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19
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Boehnke JR, Rutherford C. Using feedback tools to enhance the quality and experience of care. Qual Life Res 2021; 30:3007-3013. [PMID: 34635961 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-03008-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan R Boehnke
- School of Health Sciences, University of Dundee, City Campus, 11 Airlie Place, Dundee, DD1 4HJ, UK.
| | - Claudia Rutherford
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, Quality of Life Office, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cancer Nursing Research Unit (CNRU), The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Cordeiro JV. Digital Technologies and Data Science as Health Enablers: An Outline of Appealing Promises and Compelling Ethical, Legal, and Social Challenges. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:647897. [PMID: 34307394 PMCID: PMC8295525 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.647897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Digital technologies and data science have laid down the promise to revolutionize healthcare by transforming the way health and disease are analyzed and managed in the future. Digital health applications in healthcare include telemedicine, electronic health records, wearable, implantable, injectable and ingestible digital medical devices, health mobile apps as well as the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to medical and public health prognosis and decision-making. As is often the case with technological advancement, progress in digital health raises compelling ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI). This article aims to succinctly map relevant ELSI of the digital health field. The issues of patient autonomy; assessment, value attribution, and validation of health innovation; equity and trustworthiness in healthcare; professional roles and skills and data protection and security are highlighted against the backdrop of the risks of dehumanization of care, the limitations of machine learning-based decision-making and, ultimately, the future contours of human interaction in medicine and public health. The running theme to this article is the underlying tension between the promises of digital health and its many challenges, which is heightened by the contrasting pace of scientific progress and the timed responses provided by law and ethics. Digital applications can prove to be valuable allies for human skills in medicine and public health. Similarly, ethics and the law can be interpreted and perceived as more than obstacles, but also promoters of fairness, inclusiveness, creativity and innovation in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V Cordeiro
- Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Center, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais, Lisboa, Portugal
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21
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Martani A, Geneviève LD, Egli SM, Erard F, Wangmo T, Elger BS. Evolution or Revolution? Recommendations to Improve the Swiss Health Data Framework. Front Public Health 2021; 9:668386. [PMID: 34136456 PMCID: PMC8200489 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.668386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Facilitating access to health data for public health and research purposes is an important element in the health policy agenda of many countries. Improvements in this sense can only be achieved with the development of an appropriate data infrastructure and the implementations of policies that also respect societal preferences. Switzerland is a revealing example of a country that has been struggling to achieve this aim. The objective of the study is to reflect on stakeholders' recommendations on how to improve the health data framework of this country. Methods: We analysed the recommendations collected as part of a qualitative study including 48 expert stakeholders from Switzerland that have been working principally with health databases. Recommendations were divided in themes and subthemes according to applied thematic analysis. Results: Stakeholders recommended several potential improvements of the health data framework in Switzerland. At the general level of mind-set and attitude, they suggested to foster the development of an explicit health data strategy, better communication and the respect of societal preferences. In terms of infrastructure, there were calls for the creation of a national data center, the improvement of IT solutions and the use of a Unique Identifier for patient data. Lastly, they recommended harmonising procedures for data access and to clarify data protection and consent rules. Conclusion: Recommendations show several potential improvements of the health data framework, but they have to be reconciled with existing policies, infrastructures and ethico-legal limitations. Achieving a gradual implementation of the recommended solutions is the preferable way forward for Switzerland and a lesson for other countries that are also seeking to improve health data access for public health and research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Martani
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sophia Mira Egli
- Master Student, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Erard
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tenzin Wangmo
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernice Simone Elger
- Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,University Center of Legal Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Abdullah YI, Schuman JS, Shabsigh R, Caplan A, Al-Aswad LA. Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Ophthalmology. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:289-298. [PMID: 34383720 PMCID: PMC9167644 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review explores the bioethical implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and in ophthalmology. AI, which was first introduced in the 1950s, is defined as "the machine simulation of human mental reasoning, decision making, and behavior". The increased power of computing, expansion of storage capacity, and compilation of medical big data helped the AI implementation surge in medical practice and research. Ophthalmology is a leading medical specialty in applying AI in screening, diagnosis, and treatment. The first Food and Drug Administration approved autonomous diagnostic system served to diagnose and classify diabetic retinopathy. Other ophthalmic conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity, and congenital cataract, among others, implemented AI too. PURPOSE To review the contemporary literature of the bioethical issues of AI in medicine and ophthalmology, classify ethical issues in medical AI, and suggest possible standardizations of ethical frameworks for AI implementation. METHODS Keywords were searched on Google Scholar and PubMed between October 2019 and April 2020. The results were reviewed, cross-referenced, and summarized. A total of 284 references including articles, books, book chapters, and regulatory reports and statements were reviewed, and those that were relevant were cited in the paper. RESULTS Most sources that studied the use of AI in medicine explored the ethical aspects. Bioethical challenges of AI implementation in medicine were categorized into 6 main categories. These include machine training ethics, machine accuracy ethics, patient-related ethics, physician-related ethics, shared ethics, and roles of regulators. CONCLUSIONS There are multiple stakeholders in the ethical issues surrounding AI in medicine and ophthalmology. Attention to the various aspects of ethics related to AI is important especially with the expanding use of AI. Solutions of ethical problems are envisioned to be multifactorial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel S Schuman
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Center for Neural Science, NYU College of Arts and Science, New York, NY
| | - Ridwan Shabsigh
- SBH Health System and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Arthur Caplan
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lama A Al-Aswad
- Department of Ophthalmology, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
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23
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Létinier L, Jouganous J, Benkebil M, Bel-Létoile A, Goehrs C, Singier A, Rouby F, Lacroix C, Miremont G, Micallef J, Salvo F, Pariente A. Artificial Intelligence for Unstructured Healthcare Data: Application to Coding of Patient Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:392-400. [PMID: 33866552 PMCID: PMC8359992 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting is a major component of drug safety monitoring; its input will, however, only be optimized if systems can manage to deal with its tremendous flow of information, based primarily on unstructured text fields. The aim of this study was to develop an automated system allowing to code ADRs from patient reports. Our system was based on a knowledge base about drugs, enriched by supervised machine learning (ML) models trained on patients reporting data. To train our models, we selected all cases of ADRs reported by patients to a French Pharmacovigilance Centre through a national web‐portal between March 2017 and March 2019 (n = 2,058 reports). We tested both conventional ML models and deep‐learning models. We performed an external validation using a dataset constituted of a random sample of ADRs reported to the Marseille Pharmacovigilance Centre over the same period (n = 187). Here, we show that regarding area under the curve (AUC) and F‐measure, the best model to identify ADRs was gradient boosting trees (LGBM), with an AUC of 0.93 (0.92–0.94) and F‐measure of 0.72 (0.68–0.75). This model was run for external validation showing an AUC of 0.91 and a F‐measure of 0.58. We evaluated an artificial intelligence pipeline that was found able to learn how to identify correctly ADRs from unstructured data. This result allowed us to start a new study using more data to further improve our performance and offer a tool that is useful in practice to efficiently manage drug safety information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Létinier
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Team Pharmacoepidemiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centre de Pharmacovigilance de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Synapse Medicine, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mehdi Benkebil
- Surveillance Division, Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM), Saint Denis, France
| | | | | | - Allison Singier
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Team Pharmacoepidemiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Franck Rouby
- CRPV Marseille Provence Corse, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes, INSERM 1106, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Clémence Lacroix
- CRPV Marseille Provence Corse, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes, INSERM 1106, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Ghada Miremont
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Team Pharmacoepidemiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centre de Pharmacovigilance de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Joëlle Micallef
- CRPV Marseille Provence Corse, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Pharmacologie Clinique et Pharmacovigilance, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Institut des Neurosciences des Systèmes, INSERM 1106, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Francesco Salvo
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Team Pharmacoepidemiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centre de Pharmacovigilance de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Pariente
- INSERM, BPH, U1219, Team Pharmacoepidemiology, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de Santé Publique, Service de Pharmacologie Médicale, Centre de Pharmacovigilance de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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24
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Beauvais MJS, Thorogood AM, Szego MJ, Sénécal K, Zawati MH, Knoppers BM. Parental Access to Children's Raw Genomic Data in Canada: Legal Rights and Professional Responsibility. Front Genet 2021; 12:535340. [PMID: 33868358 PMCID: PMC8044527 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.535340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with rare and common diseases now undergo whole genome sequencing (WGS) in clinical and research contexts. Parents sometimes request access to their child's raw genomic data, to pursue their own analyses or for onward sharing with health professionals and researchers. These requests raise legal, ethical, and practical issues for professionals and parents alike. The advent of widespread WGS in pediatrics occurs in a context where privacy and data protection law remains focused on giving individuals control-oriented rights with respect to their personal information. Acting in their child's stead and in their best interests, parents are generally the ones who will be exercising these informational rights on behalf of the child. In this paper, we map the contours of parental authority to access their child's raw genomic data. We consider three use cases: hospital-based researchers, healthcare professionals acting in a clinical-diagnostic capacity, and "pure" academic researchers at a public institution. Our research seeks to answer two principal questions: Do parents have a right of access to their child's raw WGS data? If so, what are the limits of this right? Primarily focused on the laws of Ontario, Canada's most populous province, with a secondary focus on Canada's three other most populous provinces (Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta) and the European Union, our principal findings include (1) parents have a general right of access to information about their children, but that the access right is more capacious in the clinical context than in the research context; (2) the right of access extends to personal data in raw form; (3) a consideration of the best interests of the child may materially limit the legal rights of parents to access data about their child; (4) the ability to exercise rights of access are transferred from parents to children when they gain decision-making capacity in both the clinical and research contexts, but with more nuance in the former. With these findings in mind, we argue that professional guidelines, which are concerned with obligations to interpret and return results, may assist in furthering a child's best interests in the context of legal access rights. We conclude by crafting recommendations for healthcare professionals in the clinical and research contexts when faced with a parental request for a child's raw genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J S Beauvais
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrian M Thorogood
- ELIXIR-LU, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Michael J Szego
- Centre for Clinical Ethics, Unity Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Family and Community Medicine and Molecular Genetics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ma'n H Zawati
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bartha Maria Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Santos JA, Inácio PRM, Silva BMC. Towards the Use of Blockchain in Mobile Health Services and Applications. J Med Syst 2021; 45:17. [PMID: 33426574 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-020-01680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of cryptocurrencies and blockchain, the growth and adaptation of cryptographic features and capabilities were quickly extended to new and underexplored areas, such as healthcare. Currently, blockchain is being implemented mainly as a mechanism to secure Electronic Health Records (EHRs). However, new studies have shown that this technology can be a powerful tool in empowering patients to control their own health data, as well for enabling a fool-proof health data history and establishing medical responsibility. Additionally, with the proliferation of mobile health (m-Health) sustained on service-oriented architectures, the adaptation of blockchain mechanisms into m-Health applications creates the possibility for a more decentralized and available healthcare service. Hence, this paper presents a review of the current security best practices for m-Health and the most used and widely known implementations of the blockchain protocol, including blockchain technologies in m-Health. The main goal of this comprehensive review is to further discuss and elaborate on identified open-issues and potential use cases regarding the uses of blockchain in this area. Finally, the paper presents the major findings, challenges and advantages on future blockchain implementations for m-Health services and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Amaral Santos
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro R M Inácio
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno M C Silva
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade da Beira Interior, Rua Marquês d'Ávila e Bolama, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal. .,Universidade Europeia, IADE, Av. D. Carlos I, 4, 1200-649, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Singh C, Chauhan D, Deshmukh SA, Vishnu SS, Walia R. Medi-Block record: Secure data sharing using block chain technology. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2021.100624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Citizen Science, Health, and Environmental Justice. THE SCIENCE OF CITIZEN SCIENCE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7798064 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This chapter considers the interface of citizen science, health, and environmental justice. We review citizen science research undertaken by civic educators, scientists, and communities that aims to broaden scientific knowledge and encourage democratic engagement and, more specifically, to address complex problems related to public health and the environment. We provide a review of the current state of existing citizen science projects and examine how citizen science, health, and environmental justice impact each other, both positively and negatively. Specific challenges that relate to these projects are discussed, especially those that are not obvious or applicable to more traditional citizen science projects.
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Mirchev M, Mircheva I, Kerekovska A. The Academic Viewpoint on Patient Data Ownership in the Context of Big Data: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22214. [PMID: 32808934 PMCID: PMC7463395 DOI: 10.2196/22214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ownership of patient information in the context of big data is a relatively new problem, which is not yet fully recognized by the medical academic community. The problem is interdisciplinary, incorporating legal, ethical, medical, and aspects of information and communication technologies, requiring a sophisticated analysis. However, no previous scoping review has mapped existing studies on the subject. OBJECTIVE This study aims to map and assess published studies on patient data ownership in the context of big data as viewed by the academic community. METHODS A scoping review was conducted based on the 5-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and further developed by Levac, Colquhoun, and O'Brien. The organization and reporting of results of the scoping review were conducted according to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and its extensions for Scoping Reviews). A systematic and comprehensive search of 4 scientific information databases, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Springer, was performed for studies published between January 2000 and October 2019. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility of the studies and the extracted data. RESULTS The review included 32 eligible articles authored by academicians that correspond to 3 focus areas: problem (ownership), area (health care), and context (big data). Five major aspects were studied: the scientific area of publications, aspects and academicians' perception of ownership in the context of big data, proposed solutions, and practical applications for data ownership issues in the context of big data. The aspects in which publications consider ownership of medical data are not clearly distinguished but can be summarized as ethical, legal, political, and managerial. The ownership of patient data is perceived primarily as a challenge fundamental to conducting medical research, including data sales and sharing, and to a lesser degree as a means of control, problem, threat, and opportunity also in view of medical research. Although numerous solutions falling into 3 categories, technology, law, and policy, were proposed, only 3 real applications were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The issue of ownership of patient information in the context of big data is poorly researched; it is not addressed consistently and in its integrity, and there is no consensus on policy decisions and the necessary legal regulations. Future research should investigate the issue of ownership as a core research question and not as a minor fragment among other topics. More research is needed to increase the body of knowledge regarding the development of adequate policies and relevant legal frameworks in compliance with ethical standards. The combined efforts of multidisciplinary academic teams are needed to overcome existing gaps in the perception of ownership, the aspects of ownership, and the possible solutions to patient data ownership issues in the reality of big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mirchev
- Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Iskra Mircheva
- Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Kerekovska
- Department of Social Medicine and Healthcare Organization, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
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Abstract
AbstractIn discourses on digitization and the data economy, it is often claimed that data subjects shall be owners of their data. In this paper, we provide a problem diagnosis for such calls for data ownership: a large variety of demands are discussed under this heading. It thus becomes challenging to specify what—if anything—unites them. We identify four conceptual dimensions of calls for data ownership and argue that these help to systematize and to compare different positions. In view of this pluralism of data ownership claims, we introduce, spell out and defend a constructive interpretative proposal: claims for data ownership are charitably understood as attempts to call for the redistribution of material resources and the socio-cultural recognition of data subjects. We argue that as one consequence of this reading, it misses the point to reject claims for data ownership on the grounds that property in data does not exist. Instead, data ownership brings to attention a claim to renegotiate such aspects of the status quo.
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Narayanasamy S, Markina V, Thorogood A, Blazkova A, Shabani M, Knoppers BM, Prainsack B, Koesters R. Genomic Sequencing Capacity, Data Retention, and Personal Access to Raw Data in Europe. Front Genet 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32435258 PMCID: PMC7218066 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole genome/exome sequencing (WGS/WES) has become widely adopted in research and, more recently, in clinical settings. Many hope that the information obtained from the interpretation of these data will have medical benefits for patients and—in some cases—also their biological relatives. Because of the manifold possibilities to reuse genomic data, enabling sequenced individuals to access their own raw (uninterpreted) genomic data is a highly debated issue. This paper reports some of the first empirical findings on personal genome access policies and practices. We interviewed 39 respondents, working at 33 institutions in 21 countries across Europe. These sequencing institutions generate massive amounts of WGS/WES data and represent varying organisational structures and operational models. Taken together, in total, these institutions have sequenced ∼317,259 genomes and exomes to date. Most of the sequencing institutions reported that they are able to store raw genomic data in compliance with various national regulations, although there was a lack of standardisation of storage formats. Interviewees from 12 of the 33 institutions included in our study reported that they had received requests for personal access to raw genomic data from sequenced individuals. In the absence of policies on how to process such requests, these were decided on an ad hoc basis; in the end, at least 28 requests were granted, while there were no reports of requests being rejected. Given the rights, interests, and liabilities at stake, it is essential that sequencing institutions adopt clear policies and processes for raw genomic data retention and personal access.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adrian Thorogood
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Blazkova
- Megeno S.A., Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Language and Literature, Humanities, Arts and Education, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Mahsa Shabani
- Metamedica, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bartha M Knoppers
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Häikiö J, Yli-Kauhaluoma S, Pikkarainen M, Iivari M, Koivumäki T. Expectations to data: Perspectives of service providers and users of future health and wellness services. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12553-020-00410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe healthcare and wellness sector currently attempts to provide more proactive service models with data-driven solutions. This study examines the expectations and values related to personal data i.e. data valences from the perspective of service providers and individual users. The study is based on the analysis of extensive empirical material collected through interviews and a collaborative workshop. The data was collected in one cultural context, Finland. The results suggest that the potential service providers and users have similar expectations regarding self-evidence of data while the main differences concern the expectations of transparency. The results of the study propose some basic requirements for the development of personalised data-driven services in future. The study suggests that basic requirements for the development of future data driven services concern expectations to usable data visualisations, data as a motivator, data accuracy and data transparency. Even though there are varying expectations to personal health data and even some concerns, it can be seen that here different ecosystem actors primarily perceived the wider use of personal health and wellness data as a positive trend. It can be concluded that collaborative personal data-driven service ecosystems are an integral part of development towards proactive service models in healthcare.
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Evans BJ, Krumholz HM. People-powered data collaboratives: fueling data science with the health-related experiences of individuals. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2020; 26:159-161. [PMID: 30576557 PMCID: PMC6339513 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The creation of people-driven data collaboratives, with governance structures that enable participants to have a meaningful voice in issues surrounding the use of their own data, is a novel strategy to harness our growing capacity to develop and maintain immense data assets from the real health experiences of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Evans
- Law Center and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Koskinen JSS. The concept of Datenherrschaft of patient information from a Heideggerian perspective. JOURNAL OF INFORMATION COMMUNICATION & ETHICS IN SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jices-04-2018-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PurposeIn this paper, patient information is approached from a Heideggerian perspective with the intention to gather an understanding about the personal nature of the information. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the ownership of patient information and then present Datenherrschaft (German for “mastery over information”) as a suitable model for patient ownership of patient information.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is theoretical in approach. It is based on arguments derived from Heidegger’s work in the Being and Time.FindingsBased on this Heideggerian approcah, a proposal for using the special definition of ownership of patient information – Datenherrschaft – given to a patient is suggested. From a Heideggerian perspective, it can be stated that the patient has the strongest rights towards patient information because this information is crucial for a patient to have an understanding about their Dasein (being-in-the-world).Research limitations/implicationsDatenherrschaft is used as an example of an ethically justified way of regulating the patient information ownership and should be analysed further. Especially the practical implications of implementing Datenherrschaft need more research.Originality/valuePatient information ownership is an issue that is neither unambiguously solved in many countries, nor has it, in our view, been ethically justified. The potential solution – Datenherrschaft – presented in this paper is clear and has strong philosophical justifications.
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Abstract
Clinical registries are health information systems, which have the mission to collect multidimensional real-world data over the long term, and to generate relevant information and actionable knowledge to address current serious healthcare problems. This article provides an overview of clinical registries and their relevant stakeholders, focussing on registry structure and functioning, each stakeholder’s specific interests, and on their involvement in the registry’s information input and output. Stakeholders of clinical registries include the patients, healthcare providers (professionals and facilities), financiers (government, insurance companies), public health and regulatory agencies, industry, the research community and the media. The article discusses (1) challenges in stakeholder interaction and how to strengthen the central role of the patient, (2) the importance of adding cost reporting to enable informed value choices, and (3) the need for proof of clinical and public health utility of registries. In its best form, a registry is a mission-driven, independent stakeholder–registry team collaboration that enables rapid, transparent and open-access knowledge generation and dissemination.
Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2019;4 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.4.180077
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lübbeke
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Pierre Hoffmeyer
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Switzerland
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2017 Roadmap for Innovation-ACC Health Policy Statement on Healthcare Transformation in the Era of Digital Health, Big Data, and Precision Health: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Health Policy Statements and Systems of Care. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 70:2696-2718. [PMID: 29169478 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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McGuire AL, Roberts J, Aas S, Evans BJ. Who Owns the Data in a Medical Information Commons? THE JOURNAL OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS : A JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF LAW, MEDICINE & ETHICS 2019; 47:62-69. [PMID: 30994077 PMCID: PMC6727646 DOI: 10.1177/1073110519840485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the perspectives of expert stakeholders about who owns data in a medical information commons (MIC) and what rights and interests ought to be recognized when developing a governance structure for an MIC. We then examine the legitimacy of these claims based on legal and ethical analysis and explore an alternative framework for thinking about participants' rights and interests in an MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L McGuire
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
| | - Sean Aas
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
| | - Barbara J Evans
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
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Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med 2019; 25:44-56. [PMID: 30617339 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2086] [Impact Index Per Article: 417.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence, and the deep-learning subtype in particular, has been enabled by the use of labeled big data, along with markedly enhanced computing power and cloud storage, across all sectors. In medicine, this is beginning to have an impact at three levels: for clinicians, predominantly via rapid, accurate image interpretation; for health systems, by improving workflow and the potential for reducing medical errors; and for patients, by enabling them to process their own data to promote health. The current limitations, including bias, privacy and security, and lack of transparency, along with the future directions of these applications will be discussed in this article. Over time, marked improvements in accuracy, productivity, and workflow will likely be actualized, but whether that will be used to improve the patient-doctor relationship or facilitate its erosion remains to be seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Topol
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Shabani M. Blockchain-based platforms for genomic data sharing: a de-centralized approach in response to the governance problems? J Am Med Inform Assoc 2019; 26:76-80. [PMID: 30496430 PMCID: PMC7647160 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocy149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blockchain-based platforms are emerging to provide solutions for technical and governance challenges associated with genomic data sharing. Providing capabilities for distributed data stewardship and participatory access control along with effective ways for enforcement of the data access agreements and data ownership are among the major promises of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Shabani
- Center for Biomedical Ethics and Law, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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van Roessel I, Reumann M, Brand A. Potentials and Challenges of the Health Data Cooperative Model. Public Health Genomics 2018; 20:321-331. [PMID: 29936514 PMCID: PMC6159824 DOI: 10.1159/000489994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, abundances of highly relevant health data are locked up in data silos due to decentralized storage and data protection laws. The health data cooperative (HDC) model is established to make this valuable data available for societal purposes. The aim of this study is to analyse the HDC model and its potentials and challenges. RESULTS An HDC is a health data bank. The HDC model has as core principles a cooperative approach, citizen-centredness, not-for-profit structure, data enquiry procedure, worldwide accessibility, cloud computing data storage, open source, and transparency about governance policy. HDC members have access to the HDC platform, which consists of the "core," the "app store," and the "big data." This, respectively, enables the users to collect, store, manage, and share health information, to analyse personal health data, and to conduct big data analytics. Identified potentials of the HDC model are digitization of healthcare information, citizen empowerment, knowledge benefit, patient empowerment, cloud computing data storage, and reduction in healthcare expenses. Nevertheless, there are also challenges linked with this approach, including privacy and data security, citizens' restraint, disclosure of clinical results, big data, and commercial interest. Limitations and Outlook: The results of this article are not generalizable because multiple studies with a limited number of study participants are included. Therefore, it is recommended to undertake further elaborate research on these topics among larger and various groups of individuals. Additionally, more pilots on the HDC model are required before it can be fully implemented. Moreover, when the HDC model becomes operational, further research on its performances should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse van Roessel
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Reumann
- The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- IBM – Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angela Brand
- Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences (FHML), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- The United Nations University – Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU-MERIT), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Fan K, Wang S, Ren Y, Li H, Yang Y. MedBlock: Efficient and Secure Medical Data Sharing Via Blockchain. J Med Syst 2018; 42:136. [PMID: 29931655 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-018-0993-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the development of electronic information technology, electronic medical records (EMRs) have been a common way to store the patients' data in hospitals. They are stored in different hospitals' databases, even for the same patient. Therefore, it is difficult to construct a summarized EMR for one patient from multiple hospital databases due to the security and privacy concerns. Meanwhile, current EMRs systems lack a standard data management and sharing policy, making it difficult for pharmaceutical scientists to develop precise medicines based on data obtained under different policies. To solve the above problems, we proposed a blockchain-based information management system, MedBlock, to handle patients' information. In this scheme, the distributed ledger of MedBlock allows the efficient EMRs access and EMRs retrieval. The improved consensus mechanism achieves consensus of EMRs without large energy consumption and network congestion. In addition, MedBlock also exhibits high information security combining the customized access control protocols and symmetric cryptography. MedBlock can play an important role in the sensitive medical information sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China.
| | - Shangyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yanhui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
| | - Yintang Yang
- Key Lab. of Minist. of Educ. for Wide Band-Gap Semicon. Materials and Devices, Xidian University, Xi'an, 710071, China
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Kuo TT, Kim HE, Ohno-Machado L. Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2018; 24:1211-1220. [PMID: 29016974 PMCID: PMC6080687 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocx068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To introduce blockchain technologies, including their benefits, pitfalls, and the latest applications, to the biomedical and health care domains. Target Audience Biomedical and health care informatics researchers who would like to learn about blockchain technologies and their applications in the biomedical/health care domains. Scope The covered topics include: (1) introduction to the famous Bitcoin crypto-currency and the underlying blockchain technology; (2) features of blockchain; (3) review of alternative blockchain technologies; (4) emerging nonfinancial distributed ledger technologies and applications; (5) benefits of blockchain for biomedical/health care applications when compared to traditional distributed databases; (6) overview of the latest biomedical/health care applications of blockchain technologies; and (7) discussion of the potential challenges and proposed solutions of adopting blockchain technologies in biomedical/health care domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ting Kuo
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hyeon-Eui Kim
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lucila Ohno-Machado
- UCSD Health Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Health Services Research and Development, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Thorogood A, Bobe J, Prainsack B, Middleton A, Scott E, Nelson S, Corpas M, Bonhomme N, Rodriguez LL, Murtagh M, Kleiderman E. APPLaUD: access for patients and participants to individual level uninterpreted genomic data. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:7. [PMID: 29454384 PMCID: PMC5816450 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing support for the stance that patients and research participants should have better and easier access to their raw (uninterpreted) genomic sequence data in both clinical and research contexts. MAIN BODY We review legal frameworks and literature on the benefits, risks, and practical barriers of providing individuals access to their data. We also survey genomic sequencing initiatives that provide or plan to provide individual access. Many patients and research participants expect to be able to access their health and genomic data. Individuals have a legal right to access their genomic data in some countries and contexts. Moreover, increasing numbers of participatory research projects, direct-to-consumer genetic testing companies, and now major national sequencing initiatives grant individuals access to their genomic sequence data upon request. CONCLUSION Drawing on current practice and regulatory analysis, we outline legal, ethical, and practical guidance for genomic sequencing initiatives seeking to offer interested patients and participants access to their raw genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Thorogood
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1 Canada
| | - Jason Bobe
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Barbara Prainsack
- Department of Political Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Global Health & Social Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Middleton
- Society and Ethics Research, Connecting Science, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Erick Scott
- Icahn Institute for Genomics & Multiscale Biology, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura Lyman Rodriguez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Erika Kleiderman
- Centre of Genomics and Policy, Department of Human Genetics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0G1 Canada
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van Ommen B, Wopereis S, van Empelen P, van Keulen HM, Otten W, Kasteleyn M, Molema JJW, de Hoogh IM, Chavannes NH, Numans ME, Evers AWM, Pijl H. From Diabetes Care to Diabetes Cure-The Integration of Systems Biology, eHealth, and Behavioral Change. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 8:381. [PMID: 29403436 PMCID: PMC5786854 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
From a biological view, most of the processes involved in insulin resistance, which drives the pathobiology of type 2 diabetes, are reversible. This theoretically makes the disease reversible and curable by changing dietary habits and physical activity, particularly when adopted early in the disease process. Yet, this is not fully implemented and exploited in health care due to numerous obstacles. This article reviews the state of the art in all areas involved in a diabetes cure-focused therapy and discusses the scientific and technological advancements that need to be integrated into a systems approach sustainable lifestyle-based healthcare system and economy. The implementation of lifestyle as cure necessitates personalized and sustained lifestyle adaptations, which can only be established by a systems approach, including all relevant aspects (personalized diagnosis and diet, physical activity and stress management, self-empowerment, motivation, participation and health literacy, all facilitated by blended care and ehealth). Introduction of such a systems approach in type 2 diabetes therapy not only requires a concerted action of many stakeholders but also a change in healthcare economy, with new winners and losers. A "call for action" is put forward to actually initiate this transition. The solution provided for type 2 diabetes is translatable to other lifestyle-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben van Ommen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pepijn van Empelen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hilde M. van Keulen
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wilma Otten
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Child Health, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marise Kasteleyn
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Johanna J. W. Molema
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Work Health Technology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris M. de Hoogh
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niels H. Chavannes
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Mattijs E. Numans
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Andrea W. M. Evers
- Department of Health, Medical and Neuropsychology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Hanno Pijl
- Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden, Netherlands
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47
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Vayena E, Dzenowagis J, Brownstein JS, Sheikh A. Policy implications of big data in the health sector. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 96:66-68. [PMID: 29403102 PMCID: PMC5791870 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.197426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Effy Vayena
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Auf der Mauer 17, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - John S Brownstein
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America
| | - Aziz Sheikh
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
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49
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Rumbold JMM, Pierscionek BK. A critique of the regulation of data science in healthcare research in the European Union. BMC Med Ethics 2017; 18:27. [PMID: 28388916 PMCID: PMC5385067 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-017-0184-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The EU offers a suitable milieu for the comparison and harmonisation of healthcare across different languages, cultures, and jurisdictions (albeit with a supranational legal framework), which could provide improvements in healthcare standards across the bloc. There are specific ethico-legal issues with the use of data in healthcare research that mandate a different approach from other forms of research. The use of healthcare data over a long period of time is similar to the use of tissue in biobanks. There is a low risk to subjects but it is impossible to gain specific informed consent given the future possibilities for research. Large amounts of data on a subject present a finite risk of re-identification. Consequently, there is a balancing act between this risk and retaining sufficient utility of the data. Anonymising methods need to take into account the circumstances of data sharing to enable an appropriate balance in all cases. There are ethical and policy advantages to exceeding the legal requirements and thereby securing the social licence for research. This process would require the examination and comparison of data protection laws across the trading bloc to produce an ethico-legal framework compatible with the requirements of all member states. Seven EU jurisdictions are given consideration in this critique.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M M Rumbold
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Barbara K Pierscionek
- School of Science and Technology School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, UK.
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50
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Rumbold JMM, Pierscionek B. The Effect of the General Data Protection Regulation on Medical Research. J Med Internet Res 2017; 19:e47. [PMID: 28235748 PMCID: PMC5346164 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The enactment of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) will impact on European data science. Particular concerns relating to consent requirements that would severely restrict medical data research have been raised. Objective Our objective is to explain the changes in data protection laws that apply to medical research and to discuss their potential impact. Methods Analysis of ethicolegal requirements imposed by the GDPR. Results The GDPR makes the classification of pseudonymised data as personal data clearer, although it has not been entirely resolved. Biomedical research on personal data where consent has not been obtained must be of substantial public interest. Conclusions The GDPR introduces protections for data subjects that aim for consistency across the EU. The proposed changes will make little impact on biomedical data research.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mark Michael Rumbold
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Pierscionek
- School of Science and Technology, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Penrhyn Road, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, United Kingdom
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