1
|
He K, Cheng H, McClements DJ, Xu Z, Meng M, Zou Y, Chen G, Chen L. Utilization of diverse probiotics to create human health promoting fatty acids: A review. Food Chem 2024; 458:140180. [PMID: 38964111 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Many probiotics produce functional lipids with health-promoting properties, such as short-chain fatty acids, linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acids. They have been shown to maintain gut health, strengthen the intestinal barrier, and have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this article, we provide an up-to-date review of the various functional lipids produced by probiotics. These probiotics can be incorporated into foods, supplements, or pharmaceuticals to produce these functional lipids in the human colon, or they can be used in industrial biotechnology processes to generate functional lipids, which are then isolated and used as ingredients. We then highlight the different physiological functions for which they may be beneficial to human health, in addition to discussing some of the challenges of incorporating probiotics into commercial products and some potential solutions to address these challenges. Finally, we highlight the importance of testing the efficacy and safety of the new generation of probiotic-enhanced products, as well as the great potential for the marketization of related products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuang He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | | | - Zhenlin Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Man Meng
- Licheng Detection & Certification Group Co., Ltd., Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yidong Zou
- Skystone Feed Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214258, China
| | | | - Long Chen
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhao X, Wei S, Chai L, Wang X. Qinzayou 7, a new rapeseed variety with high linolenic acid content. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2024; 44:65. [PMID: 39310047 PMCID: PMC11413266 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-024-01507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Zhao
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Shihao Wei
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, 712100 China
| | - Liang Chai
- Environment-Friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Yangling Qinfeng Seed-Industry Co., Ltd, Yangling, 712100 China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang M, Zhang H, Song Y, Chen J, Bai J, Tang J, Wang Q, Fotopoulos V, Zhu QH, Yang R, Li R. Transcription factor OsbZIP10 modulates rice grain quality by regulating OsGIF1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2181-2198. [PMID: 38981001 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Understanding and optimizing the process of grain filling helps the quest to maximize rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed yield and quality, yet the intricate mechanisms at play remain fragmented. Transcription factors (TFs) are major players in the gene networks underlying the grain filling process. Here, we employed grain incomplete filling (OsGIF1)/cell wall invertase 2, a key gene involved in grain filling, to explore its upstream TFs and identified a bZIP family TF, OsbZIP10, to be a transcriptional activator of OsGIF1. Rice grains of the knockouts of OsbZIP10 showed increased white-core rates but lower amylose content (AC), leading to better eating and cooking qualities in all genetic backgrounds investigated, though the impact of mutations in OsbZIP10 on grain weight depended on genetic background. Multi-omics analyses suggested that, in addition to OsGIF1, multiple genes involved in different biological processes contributing to grain filling were targeted by OsbZIP10, including OsAGPS1, a gene encoding the ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) small subunit, and genes contributing to homeostasis of reactive oxygen species. Distinct genetic make-up was observed in OsbZIP10 between japonica and indica rice varieties, with the majority varieties of each subspecies belonging to two different haplotypes that were closely associated with AC. Overexpressing the haplotype linked to high-AC in the low-AC genetic background increased AC. Overall, this study sheds crucial light on the significance of the OsbZIP10-OsGIF1 module in the determination of rice grain quality, offering a potential avenue for genetic engineering of rice to produce seeds with tailored attributes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Song
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Sci-Tech City, Sanya, 572000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Hupper Bioseed Technology Institute Ltd., Wuxi, 214000, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, 3603, Cyprus
| | - Qian-Hao Zhu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Ruifang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement of Grain and Oil Crops (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiqing Li
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharif Y, Zhuang Y, Xie W, Zhang C, Chen K, Deng Y, Chen Y, Fu H, Wang L, Chen X, Zhuang W, Chen H. Molecular Cloning and Functional Identification of a Pericarp- and Testa-Abundant Gene's ( AhN8DT-2) Promoter from Arachis hypogaea. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7671. [PMID: 39062915 PMCID: PMC11276643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a key oil- and protein-providing legume crop of the world. It is full of nutrients, and its nutrient profile is comparable to that of other nuts. Peanut is a unique plant as it showcases a pegging phenomenon, producing flowers above ground, and after fertilization, the developing peg enters the soil and produces seeds underground. This geocarpic nature of peanut exposes its seeds to soil pathogens. Peanut seeds are protected by an inedible pericarp and testa. The pericarp- and testa-specific promoters can be effectively used to improve the seed defense. We identified a pericarp- and testa-abundant expression gene (AhN8DT-2) from available transcriptome expression data, whose tissue-specific expression was further confirmed by the qRT-PCR. The 1827bp promoter sequence was used to construct the expression vector using the pMDC164 vector for further analysis. Quantitative expression of the GUS gene in transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed its high expression in the pericarp. GUS staining showed a deep blue color in the pericarp and testa. Cryostat sectioning of stained Arabidopsis seeds showed that expression is only limited to seed coat (testa), and staining was not present in cotyledons and embryos. GUS staining was not detected in any other tissues, including seedlings, leaves, stems, and roots, except for some staining in flowers. Under different phytohormones, this promoter did not show an increase in expression level. These results indicated that the AhN8DT-2 promoter drives GUS gene expression in a pericarp- and testa-specific manner. The identified promoter can be utilized to drive disease resistance genes, specifically in the pericarp and testa, enhancing peanut seed defense against soil-borne pathogens. This approach has broader implications for improving the resilience of peanut crops and other legumes, contributing to sustainable agricultural practices and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Sharif
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenpin Xie
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Chong Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ye Deng
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Huiwen Fu
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
- Crops Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou 350013, China
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Hua Chen
- College of Agriculture, Center of Legume Plant Genetics and System Biology, Institute of Oil Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (C.Z.); (K.C.); (Y.D.); (Y.C.); (H.F.); (L.W.); (X.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Klińska-Bąchor S, Demski K, Gong Y, Banaś A. Metabolic engineering of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in plants using different ∆6- and ∆5-desaturases co-expressed with LPCAT from the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9512. [PMID: 38664593 PMCID: PMC11045822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous research on obtaining an even more efficient production of very long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFAs) in plants remains one of the main challenges of scientists working on plant lipids. Since crops are not able to produce these fatty acids due to the lack of necessary enzymes, genes encoding them must be introduced exogenously from native organisms producing VLC-PUFAs. In this study we reported, in tobacco leaves, the characterization of three distinct ∆6-desaturases from diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, fungi Rhizopus stolonifer and microalge Osterococcus tauri and two different ∆5-desaturases from P. tricornutum and single-celled saprotrophic eukaryotes Thraustochytrium sp. The in planta agroinfiltration of essential ∆6-desaturases, ∆6-elongases and ∆5-desaturases allowed for successful introduction of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5∆5,8,11,14,17) biosynthesis pathway. However, despite the desired, targeted production of ω3-fatty acids we detected the presence of ω6-fatty acids, indicating and confirming previous results that all tested desaturases are not specifically restricted to neither ω3- nor ω6-pathway. Nevertheless, the additional co-expression of acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) from Phaeodactylum tricornutum boosted the proportion of ω3-fatty acids in newly synthesized fatty acid pools. For the most promising genes combinations the EPA content reached at maximum 1.4% of total lipid content and 4.5% of all fatty acids accumulated in the TAG pool. Our results for the first time describe the role of LPCAT enzyme and its effectiveness in alleviating a bottleneck called 'substrate dichotomy' for improving the transgenic production of VLC-PUFAs in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska-Bąchor
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden.
| | - Kamil Demski
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 23422, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, ul Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fan K, Qin Y, Hu X, Xu J, Ye Q, Zhang C, Ding Y, Li G, Chen Y, Liu J, Wang P, Hu Z, Yan X, Xiong H, Liu H, Qin R. Identification of genes associated with fatty acid biosynthesis based on 214 safflower core germplasm. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:763. [PMID: 38082219 PMCID: PMC10712096 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09874-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an oilseed crop with substantial medicinal and economic value. However, the methods for constructing safflower core germplasm resources are limited, and the molecular mechanisms of lipid biosynthesis in safflower seeds are not well understood. RESULTS In this study, 11 oil-related quantitative traits and 50 pairs of InDel markers were used to assess the diversity of a collection of 605 safflower germplasms. The original safflower germplasm exhibited rich phenotypic diversity, with high variation for most of the phenotypic traits under investigation. Similarly, high genetic diversity was evaluated in the original germplasm, in which the mean Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (H0), and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.553, 0.182, and 0.374, respectively. Four subgroups with strong genetic structures were identified and a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed, which is well represented in the original germplasm. Meanwhile, differential expression analysis of the transcriptomes of high and low linoleic acid safflower varieties at two stages of seed development identified a total of 47 genes associated with lipid biosynthesis. High expression of the genes KAS II and SAD enhanced the synthesis and accumulation of oleic acid, while FAD genes like FAD2 (Chr8G0104100), FAD3, FAD7 and FAD8 promoted the consumption of oleic acid conversion. The coordinated regulation of these multiple genes ensures the high accumulation of oleic acid in safflower seed oil. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, a core germplasm of 214 cultivars was constructed and 47 candidate genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and lipid accumulation were identified. These results not only provide guidance for further studies to elucidate the molecular basis of oil lipid accumulation in safflower seeds, but also contribute to safflower cultivar improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangjun Fan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xueli Hu
- Industrial Crop Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Jindong Xu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Qingzhi Ye
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chengyang Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gang Li
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Peiqi Wang
- Industrial Crop Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Zunhong Hu
- Industrial Crop Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650205, China
| | - Xingchu Yan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Wuhan, China
| | - Hairong Xiong
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Qin
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Protection and Application of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Area of China, College of Life Sciences, South-Central MinZu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin J, Kurt E, LBassi T, Sa L, Xie D. Biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids: current status and future perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1280296. [PMID: 38029217 PMCID: PMC10662050 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1280296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, including alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have shown major health benefits, but the human body's inability to synthesize them has led to the necessity of dietary intake of the products. The omega-3 fatty acid market has grown significantly, with a global market from an estimated USD 2.10 billion in 2020 to a predicted nearly USD 3.61 billion in 2028. However, obtaining a sufficient supply of high-quality and stable omega-3 fatty acids can be challenging. Currently, fish oil serves as the primary source of omega-3 fatty acids in the market, but it has several drawbacks, including high cost, inconsistent product quality, and major uncertainties in its sustainability and ecological impact. Other significant sources of omega-3 fatty acids include plants and microalgae fermentation, but they face similar challenges in reducing manufacturing costs and improving product quality and sustainability. With the advances in synthetic biology, biotechnological production of omega-3 fatty acids via engineered microbial cell factories still offers the best solution to provide a more stable, sustainable, and affordable source of omega-3 fatty acids by overcoming the major issues associated with conventional sources. This review summarizes the current status, key challenges, and future perspectives for the biotechnological production of major omega-3 fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dongming Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kondhare KR, Patil NS, Siddappa S, Banerjee AK, Hannapel DJ. Tandem Expression of a Mobile RNA and Its RNA-Binding Protein(s) Enhances Tuber Productivity in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15754. [PMID: 37958738 PMCID: PMC10647900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of discoveries in past two decades have established the importance of long-distance signaling in controlling plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Numerous mobile signals, such as mRNAs, proteins, including RNA-binding proteins, small RNAs, sugars, and phytohormones, are shown to regulate various agronomic traits such as flowering, fruit, seed development, and tuberization. Potato is a classic model tuber crop, and several mobile signals are known to govern tuber development. However, it is unknown if these mobile signals have any synergistic effects on potato crop improvement. Here, we employed a simple innovative strategy to test the cumulative effects of a key mobile RNA, StBEL5, and its RNA-binding proteins, StPTB1, and -6 on tuber productivity of two potato cultivars, Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée and subspecies andigena, using a multi-gene stacking approach. In this approach, the coding sequences of StBEL5 and StPTB1/6 are driven by their respective native promoters to efficiently achieve targeted expression in phloem for monitoring tuber productivity. We demonstrate that this strategy resulted in earliness for tuberization and enhanced tuber productivity by 2-4 folds under growth chamber, greenhouse, and field conditions. This multi-gene stacking approach could be adopted to other crops, whose agronomic traits are governed by mobile macromolecules, expanding the possibilities to develop crops with improved traits and enhanced yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar R. Kondhare
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; (K.R.K.); (N.S.P.)
| | - Nikita S. Patil
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; (K.R.K.); (N.S.P.)
| | - Sundaresha Siddappa
- Crop Improvement Division, Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Shimla 171001, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anjan K. Banerjee
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India; (K.R.K.); (N.S.P.)
| | - David J. Hannapel
- Plant Biology Major, 253 Horticulture Hall, Iowa State University (ISU), Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jost M, Outram MA, Dibley K, Zhang J, Luo M, Ayliffe M. Plant and pathogen genomics: essential approaches for stem rust resistance gene stacks in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223504. [PMID: 37727853 PMCID: PMC10505659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The deployment of disease resistance genes is currently the most economical and environmentally sustainable method of crop protection. However, disease resistance genes can rapidly break down because of constant pathogen evolution, particularly when they are deployed singularly. Polygenic resistance is, therefore, considered the most durable, but combining and maintaining these genes by breeding is a laborious process as effective genes are usually unlinked. The deployment of polygenic resistance with single-locus inheritance is a promising innovation that overcomes these difficulties while enhancing resistance durability. Because of major advances in genomic technologies, increasing numbers of plant resistance genes have been cloned, enabling the development of resistance transgene stacks (RTGSs) that encode multiple genes all located at a single genetic locus. Gene stacks encoding five stem rust resistance genes have now been developed in transgenic wheat and offer both breeding simplicity and potential resistance durability. The development of similar genomic resources in phytopathogens has advanced effector gene isolation and, in some instances, enabled functional validation of individual resistance genes in RTGS. Here, the wheat stem rust pathosystem is used as an illustrative example of how host and pathogen genomic advances have been instrumental in the development of RTGS, which is a strategy applicable to many other agricultural crop species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael Ayliffe
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xue YF, Fu C, Chai CY, Liao FF, Chen BJ, Wei SZ, Wang R, Gao H, Fan TT, Chai YR. Engineering the Staple Oil Crop Brassica napus Enriched with α-Linolenic Acid Using the Perilla FAD2- FAD3 Fusion Gene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7324-7333. [PMID: 37130169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern people generally suffer from α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency, since most staple food oils are low in ALA content. Thus, the enhancement of ALA in staple oil crops is of importance. In this study, the FAD2 and FAD3 coding regions from the ALA-king species Perilla frutescens were fused using a newly designed double linker LP4-2A, driven by a seed-specific promoter PNAP, and engineered into a rapeseed elite cultivar ZS10 with canola quality background. The mean ALA content in the seed oil of PNAP:PfFAD2-PfFAD3 (N23) T5 lines was 3.34-fold that of the control (32.08 vs 9.59%), with the best line being up to 37.47%. There are no significant side effects of the engineered constructs on the background traits including oil content. In fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, the expression levels of structural genes as well as regulatory genes were significantly upregulated in N23 lines. On the other hand, the expression levels of genes encoding the positive regulators of flavonoid-proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but negative regulators of oil accumulation were significantly downregulated. Surprisingly, the ALA level in PfFAD2-PfFAD3 transgenic rapeseed lines driven by the constitutive promoter PD35S was not increased or even showed a slight decrease due to the lower level of foreign gene expression and downregulation of the endogenous orthologous genes BnFAD2 and BnFAD3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Xue
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bao-Jun Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song-Zhen Wei
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Teng-Teng Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - You-Rong Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hwang JI, Norsworthy JK, Carvalho-Moore P, Barber LT, Butts TR, McElroy JS. Exploratory Analysis on Herbicide Metabolism and Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Production in Metolachlor-Resistant Palmer Amaranth ( Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37036857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.) biotype resistant to S-metolachlor was confirmed from crop fields in Arkansas, USA. This study investigated the metabolic effects of malathion (cytochrome P450 inhibitor) and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan [NBD-Cl; glutathione S-transferase inhibitor] on the S-metolachlor-resistant A. palmeri biotype. Root elongation of the resistant biotype was 20% more inhibited by treatment of NBD-Cl (50 nM) and S-metolachlor (2 μM) in mixture than by treatment of S-metolachlor alone. Metabolites of S-metolachlor were 1.4-12.1 times greater produced in the resistant biotype for 7 d than in the susceptible standard. Production of cerotic acid, one of the very-long-chain fatty acids containing 26 carbons, was more reduced in the susceptible standard (3.8-fold) than in the resistant biotype (1.8-fold) by S-metolachlor treatment. Conclusively, evolution of S-metolachlor resistance observed in this study was likely associated with improved activity of glutathione S-transferases. Further studies are needed to genetically evaluate plant endogenous enzymes involving cerotic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jason K Norsworthy
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Pamela Carvalho-Moore
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - L Tom Barber
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Thomas R Butts
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - J Scott McElroy
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36831, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
In contrast to traditional breeding, which relies on the identification of mutants, metabolic engineering provides a new platform to modify the oil composition in oil crops for improved nutrition. By altering endogenous genes involved in the biosynthesis pathways, it is possible to modify edible plant oils to increase the content of desired components or reduce the content of undesirable components. However, introduction of novel nutritional components such as omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids needs transgenic expression of novel genes in crops. Despite formidable challenges, significant progress in engineering nutritionally improved edible plant oils has recently been achieved, with some commercial products now on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Canberra, Australia;
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Venegas-Calerón M, Napier JA. New alternative sources of omega-3 fish oil. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids play an important role in brain growth and development, as well as in the health of the body. These fatty acids are traditionally found in seafood, such as fish, fish oils, and algae. They can also be added to food or consumed through dietary supplements. Due to a lack of supply to meet current demand and the potential for adverse effects from excessive consumption of fish and seafood, new alternatives are being sought to achieve the recommended levels in a safe and sustainable manner. New sources have been studied and new production mechanisms have been developed. These new proposals, as well as the importance of these fatty acids, are discussed in this paper.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cai Y, Yu XH, Shanklin J. A toolkit for plant lipid engineering: Surveying the efficacies of lipogenic factors for accumulating specialty lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064176. [PMID: 36589075 PMCID: PMC9795026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce energy-dense lipids from carbohydrates using energy acquired via photosynthesis, making plant oils an economically and sustainably attractive feedstock for conversion to biofuels and value-added bioproducts. A growing number of strategies have been developed and optimized in model plants, oilseed crops and high-biomass crops to enhance the accumulation of storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) for bioenergy applications and to produce specialty lipids with increased uses and value for chemical feedstock and nutritional applications. Most successful metabolic engineering strategies involve heterologous expression of lipogenic factors that outperform those from other sources or exhibit specialized functionality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in engineering the accumulation of triacylglycerols containing - specialized fatty acids in various plant species and tissues. We also provide an inventory of specific lipogenic factors (including accession numbers) derived from a wide variety of organisms, along with their reported efficacy in supporting the accumulation of desired lipids. A review of previously obtained results serves as a foundation to guide future efforts to optimize combinations of factors to achieve further enhancements to the production and accumulation of desired lipids in a variety of plant tissues and species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Advances in Nanofabrication Technology for Nutraceuticals: New Insights and Future Trends. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090478. [PMID: 36135026 PMCID: PMC9495680 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive components such as polyphenolics, flavonoids, bioactive peptides, pigments, and essential fatty acids were known to ward off some deadliest diseases. Nutraceuticals are those beneficial compounds that may be food or part of food that has come up with medical or health benefits. Nanoencapsulation and nanofabricated delivery systems are an imminent approach in the field of food sciences. The sustainable fabrication of nutraceuticals and biocompatible active components indisputably enhances the food grade and promotes good health. Nanofabricated delivery systems include carbohydrates-based, lipids (solid and liquid), and proteins-based delivery systems. Solid nano-delivery systems include lipid nanoparticles. Liquid nano-delivery systems include nanoliposomes and nanoemulsions. Physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as size, charge, hydrophobicity, and targeting molecules affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nano delivery systems. Advance research in toxicity studies is necessary to ensure the safety of the nanofabricated delivery systems, as the safety of nano delivery systems for use in food applications is unknown. Therefore, improved nanotechnology could play a pivotal role in developing functional foods, a contemporary concept assuring the consumers to provide programmed, high-priced, and high-quality research toward nanofabricated delivery systems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Han L, Silvestre S, Sayanova O, Haslam RP, Napier JA. Using field evaluation and systematic iteration to rationalize the accumulation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic Camelina sativa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1833-1852. [PMID: 35656640 PMCID: PMC9398312 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Brassicaceae Camelina sativa (gold of pleasure) is now an established niche crop and being used as a transgenic host for a range of novel seed traits. Most notable of these is the accumulation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturates such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fatty acids normally only found in marine organisms. As part of continued efforts to optimize the accumulation of these non-native fatty acids via seed-specific expression of algal genes, a new series of iterative constructs was built and introduced into Camelina. Seed fatty acid composition was determined, and the presence of EPA and DHA was confirmed. To provide an additional level of evaluation, full environmental release was carried out on selected events, providing a real-world gauntlet against which to assess the performance of these novel lines. Composition of the seed oil triacylglycerol was determined by mass spectrometry, allowing for conclusions as to the contribution of different activities to the final accumulation of EPA and DHA. Since these data were derived from field-grown material, they also represent a robust demonstration of the stability of the omega-3 LC-PUFA trait in Camelina. We propose that field trialling should be routinely incorporated in the plant synthetic biology 'design-build-test-learn' cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Han
- Plant SciencesRothamsted ResearchHarpenden, HertsUK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Glucosinolates and Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Mustard Seeds: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172290. [PMID: 36079672 PMCID: PMC9459965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Seeds from mustard (genera Brassica spp. and Sinapsis spp.), are known as a rich source of glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids. These compounds are widely known for their health benefits that include reducing inflammation and lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This review presented a synthesis of published literature from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Sci Finder, and Web of Science regarding the different glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids isolated from mustard seeds. We presented an overview of extraction, isolation, purification, and structure elucidation of glucosinolates from the seeds of mustard plants. Moreover, we presented a compilation of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies showing the potential health benefits of glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids. Previous studies showed that glucosinolates have antimicrobial, antipain, and anticancer properties while omega-3 fatty acids are useful for their pharmacologic effects against sleep disorders, anxiety, cerebrovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes. Further studies are needed to investigate other naturally occurring glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids, improve and standardize the extraction and isolation methods from mustard seeds, and obtain more clinical evidence on the pharmacological applications of glucosinolates and omega-3 fatty acids from mustard seeds.
Collapse
|
18
|
Nutraceuticals: Pharmacologically Active Potent Dietary Supplements. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2051017. [PMID: 35832855 PMCID: PMC9273442 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A growing demand exists for nutraceuticals, which seem to reside in the grey area between pharmaceuticals and food. Nutraceuticals, up today, do not have a specific definition distinct from those of other food-derived categories, e.g., food supplements, herbal products, functional foods, and fortified foods. They have, however, a pharmacological beneficial effect on health. Many studies have been recently addressed to assess their safety, efficacy, and regulation. The object of writing this review article is that we need to pay more attention to natural and organic foods. The bases of nutraceutical components (food supplements) are known for potent and powerful clinical evidence effects on the treatment of hypertension and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu B, Yun P, Zhou H, Xia D, Gu Y, Li P, Yao J, Zhou Z, Chen J, Liu R, Cheng S, Zhang H, Zheng Y, Lou G, Chen P, Wan S, Zhou M, Li Y, Gao G, Zhang Q, Li X, Lian X, He Y. Natural variation in WHITE-CORE RATE 1 regulates redox homeostasis in rice endosperm to affect grain quality. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1912-1932. [PMID: 35171272 PMCID: PMC9048946 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Grain chalkiness reduces the quality of rice (Oryza sativa) and is a highly undesirable trait for breeding and marketing. However, the underlying molecular cause of chalkiness remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned the F-box gene WHITE-CORE RATE 1 (WCR1), which negatively regulates grain chalkiness and improves grain quality in rice. A functional A/G variation in the promoter region of WCR1 generates the alleles WCR1A and WCR1G, which originated from tropical japonica and wild rice Oryza rufipogon, respectively. OsDOF17 is a transcriptional activator that binds to the AAAAG cis-element in the WCR1A promoter. WCR1 positively affects the transcription of the metallothionein gene MT2b and interacts with MT2b to inhibit its 26S proteasome-mediated degradation, leading to decreased reactive oxygen species production and delayed programmed cell death in rice endosperm. This, in turn, leads to reduced chalkiness. Our findings uncover a molecular mechanism underlying rice chalkiness and identify the promising natural variant WCR1A, with application potential for rice breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Peng Yun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Duo Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jialing Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhuqing Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jianxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Rongjia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shiyuan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guangming Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Pingli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Mingsong Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xingming Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhukov A, Popov V. Synthesis of C 20-38 Fatty Acids in Plant Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094731. [PMID: 35563119 PMCID: PMC9101283 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) are involved in a number of important plant physiological functions. Disorders in the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of VLCFA lead to a number of phenotypic consequences, ranging from growth retardation to the death of embryos. The elongation of VLCFA in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is carried out by multiple elongase complexes with different substrate specificities and adapted to the synthesis of a number of products required for a number of metabolic pathways. The information about the enzymes involved in the synthesis of VLCFA with more than 26 atoms of Carbon is rather poor. Recently, genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of both regular-length fatty acids and VLCFA have been discovered and investigated. Polyunsaturated VLCFA in plants are formed mainly by 20:1 elongation into new monounsaturated acids, which are then imported into chloroplasts, where they are further desaturated. The formation of saturated VLCFA and their further transformation into a number of aliphatic compounds included in cuticular waxes and suberin require the coordinated activity of a large number of different enzymes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharif Y, Chen H, Deng Y, Ali N, Khan SA, Zhang C, Xie W, Chen K, Cai T, Yang Q, Zhuang Y, Raza A, Zhuang W. Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Pericarp Abundant Expression Promoter (AhGLP17-1P) From Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Front Genet 2022; 12:821281. [PMID: 35126474 PMCID: PMC8811503 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.821281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oil and food legume crop grown in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. As a geocarpic crop, it is affected by many soil-borne diseases and pathogens. The pericarp, an inedible part of the seed, acts as the first layer of defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Pericarp promoters could drive the defense-related genes specific expression in pericarp for the defense application. Here, we identified a pericarp-abundant promoter (AhGLP17-1P) through microarray and transcriptome analysis. Besides the core promoter elements, several other important cis-elements were identified using online promoter analysis tools. Semiquantitative and qRT-PCR analyses validated that the AhGLP17-1 gene was specifically expressed only in the pericarp, and no expression was detected in leaves, stem, roots, flowers, gynophore/peg, testa, and embryo in peanut. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed strong GUS expression in siliques, while GUS staining was almost absent in remaining tissues, including roots, seedlings, leaf, stem, flowers, cotyledons, embryo, and seed coat confirmed its peanut expressions. Quantitative expression of the GUS gene also supported the GUS staining results. The results strongly suggest that this promoter can drive foreign genes’ expression in a pericarp-abundant manner. This is the first study on the functional characterization of the pericarp-abundant promoters in peanut. The results could provide practical significance to improve the resistance of peanut, and other crops for seed protection uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Niaz Ali
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Shahid Ali Khan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenping Xie
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Kun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Tiecheng Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Cell Biology, Oil Crops Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weijian Zhuang,
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ishibashi Y, Goda H, Hamaguchi R, Sakaguchi K, Sekiguchi T, Ishiwata Y, Okita Y, Mochinaga S, Ikeuchi S, Mizobuchi T, Takao Y, Mori K, Tashiro K, Okino N, Honda D, Hayashi M, Ito M. PUFA synthase-independent DHA synthesis pathway in Parietichytrium sp. and its modification to produce EPA and n-3DPA. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1378. [PMID: 34887503 PMCID: PMC8660808 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3LC-PUFAs), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), will exceed their supply in the near future, and a sustainable source of n-3LC-PUFAs is needed. Thraustochytrids are marine protists characterized by anaerobic biosynthesis of DHA via polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase (PUFA-S). Analysis of a homemade draft genome database suggested that Parietichytrium sp. lacks PUFA-S but possesses all fatty acid elongase (ELO) and desaturase (DES) genes required for DHA synthesis. The reverse genetic approach and a tracing experiment using stable isotope-labeled fatty acids revealed that the ELO/DES pathway is the only DHA synthesis pathway in Parietichytrium sp. Disruption of the C20 fatty acid ELO (C20ELO) and ∆4 fatty acid DES (∆4DES) genes with expression of ω3 fatty acid DES in this thraustochytrid allowed the production of EPA and n-3docosapentaenoic acid (n-3DPA), respectively, at the highest level among known microbial sources using fed-batch culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ishibashi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Hatsumi Goda
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Rie Hamaguchi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Keishi Sakaguchi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sekiguchi
- grid.509816.30000 0001 2161 8131Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, 192-0991 Japan
| | - Yuko Ishiwata
- grid.509816.30000 0001 2161 8131Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, 192-0991 Japan
| | - Yuji Okita
- grid.509816.30000 0001 2161 8131Central Research Laboratory, Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd., Tokyo, 192-0991 Japan
| | - Seiya Mochinaga
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shingo Ikeuchi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Takahiro Mizobuchi
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Yoshitake Takao
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefecture University, Fukui, 917-0003 Japan
| | - Kazuki Mori
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Nozomu Okino
- grid.177174.30000 0001 2242 4849Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
| | - Daiske Honda
- grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Hyogo, 658-8501 Japan ,grid.258669.60000 0000 8565 5938Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Hyogo, 658-8501 Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- grid.410849.00000 0001 0657 3887Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192 Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan. .,Innovative Bio-architecture Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu B, Xia D, Zhou H, Cheng S, Wang Y, Li M, Gao G, Zhang Q, Li X, He Y. Fine mapping of qWCR7, a grain chalkiness QTL in rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:68. [PMID: 37309362 PMCID: PMC10236040 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chalkiness is one of the key determinants of rice quality and is a highly undesirable trait for breeding and marketing. In this study, qWCR7, a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) of white-core rate (WCR), was genetically validated using a BC3F2 segregation population and further fine mapped using a near isogenic line (NIL) population, of which both were derived from a cross between the donor parent DL208 and the recurrent parent ZS97. qWCR7 was finally narrowed to a genomic interval of ~ 68 kb, containing seven annotated genes. Among those, two genes displayed markedly different expression levels in endosperm of NILs. Transcriptome analysis showed that the synthesis and accumulation of metabolites played a key role in chalkiness formation. The contents of storage components and expression levels of related genes were detected, suggesting that starch and storage protein were closely related to white-core trait. Our findings have laid the foundation of map-based cloning of qWCR7, which may have potential value in quality improvement during rice breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01260-x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Duo Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Shiyuan Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yipei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Minqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wayne LL, Gachotte DJ, Graupner PR, Adelfinskaya Y, McCaskill DG, Metz JG, Zirkle R, Walsh TA. Plant and algal lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases increase docosahexaenoic acid accumulation at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerol in transgenic Arabidopsis seed oil. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256625. [PMID: 34432852 PMCID: PMC8386867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an important dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is at present primarily sourced from marine fish, bioengineered crops producing DHA may offer a more sustainable and cost-effective source. DHA has been produced in transgenic oilseed crops, however, DHA in seed oil primarily occupies the sn-1/3 positions of triacylglycerol (TAG) with relatively low amounts of DHA in the sn-2 position. To increase the amount of DHA in the sn-2 position of TAG and in seed oil, putative lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPAATs) were identified and characterized from the DHA-producing alga Schizochytrium sp. and from soybean (Glycine max). The affinity-purified proteins were confirmed to have LPAAT activity. Expression of the Schizochytrium or soybean LPAATs in DHA-producing Arabidopsis expressing the Schizochytrium PUFA synthase system significantly increased the total amount of DHA in seed oil. A novel sensitive band-selective heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR method was developed to quantify DHA at the sn-2 position of glycerolipids. More than two-fold increases in sn-2 DHA were observed for Arabidopsis lines expressing Schizochytrium or soybean LPAATs, with one Schizochytrium LPAAT driving DHA accumulation in the sn-2 position to 61% of the total DHA. Furthermore, expression of a soybean LPAAT led to a redistribution of DHA-containing TAG species, with two new TAG species identified. Our results demonstrate that transgenic expression of Schizochytrium or soybean LPAATs can increase the proportion of DHA at the sn-2 position of TAG and the total amount of DHA in the seed oil of a DHA-accumulating oilseed plant. Additionally, the band-selective HSQC NMR method that we developed provides a sensitive and robust method for determining the regiochemistry of DHA in glycerolipids. These findings will benefit the advancement of sustainable sources of DHA via transgenic crops such as canola and soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Wayne
- Corteva Agriscience, Johnston, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Paul R. Graupner
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | | | | | - James G. Metz
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ross Zirkle
- DSM Nutritional Products, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Terence A. Walsh
- Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs): Uses and Potential Health Benefits. Curr Nutr Rep 2021; 10:232-242. [PMID: 34255301 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-021-00363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are obtained from various sources, which can be incorporated in the routine diet to maintain the health. They provide protection from several diseases like osteoarthritis, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Major focus is given to the PUFAs omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) fatty acids which are available in both terrestrial and in the marine environment. The main concern of this article is to review the key scientific reports in context with the human health consequences and advantages of the food sources of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids. RECENT FINDINGS ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids are consumed by the population globally in the form of foods that are rich in fatty acids. Their nutritional effects have the capability to improve the physical functioning and metabolic rate of the body. These PUFAs contribute in various cellular activities like cell signaling, structural integrity and fluidity of cell membrane, the regulation of blood pressure, glucose level, the nervous system, inflammatory reactions, and hematic clotting. Animal and cell-based models represent that ω-3 and ω-6 PUFAs can regulate the skeletal muscle metabolism. The main concern of this article is to review the key scientific reports in context with the human health consequences and advantages of the food sources of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids.
Collapse
|
26
|
Functional Analysis of an Acyltransferase-Like Domain from Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Synthase in Thraustochytrium. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030626. [PMID: 33803061 PMCID: PMC8003026 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6-4,7,10,13,16,19) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5-4,7,10,13,16) in protist Thraustochytrium is catalyzed by a polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) synthase comprising three large subunits, each with multiple catalytic domains. This study used complementation test, in vitro assays, and functional expression to characterize an acyltransferase (AT)-like domain in Subunit-B of a PUFA synthase from Thraustochytrium. Complementation test in Escherichia coli showed that the AT-like domain could not restore the growth phenotype of a temperature-sensitive mutant (∆fabDts) defective in malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase activity. In vitro assays showed that the AT-like domain possessed thioesterase activity towards a few acyl-CoAs tested where docosahexaenoyl-CoA (DHA-CoA) was the preferred substrate. Expression of this domain in an E. coli mutant (∆fadD) defective in acyl-CoA synthetase activity resulted in the increased accumulation of free fatty acids. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the substitution of two putative active site residues, serine at 96 (S96) and histidine at 220 (H220), in the AT-like domain significantly reduced its activity towards DHA-CoA and accumulation of free fatty acids in the ∆fadD mutant. These results indicate that the AT-like domain of the PUFA synthase does not function as a malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase, rather it functions as a thioesterase. It might catalyze the last step of the VLCPUFA biosynthesis by releasing freshly synthesized VLCPUFAs attached to ACP domains of the PUFA synthase in Thraustochytrium.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhou H, Xia D, Li P, Ao Y, Xu X, Wan S, Li Y, Wu B, Shi H, Wang K, Gao G, Zhang Q, Wang G, Xiao J, Li X, Yu S, Lian X, He Y. Genetic architecture and key genes controlling the diversity of oil composition in rice grains. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:456-469. [PMID: 33307246 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Rice grain oil is a valuable nutrient source. However, the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains remains unclear. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study on oil composition and oil concentration in a diverse panel of 533 cultivated rice accessions. High variation for 11 oil-related traits was observed, and the oil composition of rice grains showed differentiation among the subpopulations. We identified 46 loci that are significantly associated with grain oil concentration or composition, 16 of which were detected in three recombinant inbred line populations. Twenty-six candidate genes encoding enzymes involved in oil metabolism were identified from these 46 loci, four of which (PAL6, LIN6, MYR2, and ARA6) were found to contribute to natural variation in oil composition and to show differentiation among the subpopulations. Interestingly, population genetic analyses revealed that specific haplotypes of PAL6 and LIN6 have been selected in japonica rice. Based on these results, we propose a possible oil biosynthetic pathway in rice grains. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the genetic basis of oil biosynthesis in rice grains and can facilitate marker-based breeding of rice varieties with enhanced oil and grain quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Duo Xia
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pingbo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiting Ao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shanshan Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bian Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huan Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guanjun Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gongwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingming Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Remize M, Brunel Y, Silva JL, Berthon JY, Filaire E. Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:113. [PMID: 33670628 PMCID: PMC7922858 DOI: 10.3390/md19020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Remize
- GREENSEA, 3 Promenade du Sergent Jean-Louis Navarro, 34140 MÈZE, France; (M.R.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yves Brunel
- GREENSEA, 3 Promenade du Sergent Jean-Louis Navarro, 34140 MÈZE, France; (M.R.); (Y.B.)
| | - Joana L. Silva
- ALLMICROALGAE–Natural Products, Avenida 25 Abril, 2445-413 Pataias, Portugal;
| | | | - Edith Filaire
- GREENTECH, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, 63360 SAINT BEAUZIRE, France;
- ECREIN Team, UMR 1019 INRA-UcA, UNH (Human Nutrition Unity), University Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohd Saad NS, Severn-Ellis AA, Pradhan A, Edwards D, Batley J. Genomics Armed With Diversity Leads the Way in Brassica Improvement in a Changing Global Environment. Front Genet 2021; 12:600789. [PMID: 33679880 PMCID: PMC7930750 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.600789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meeting the needs of a growing world population in the face of imminent climate change is a challenge; breeding of vegetable and oilseed Brassica crops is part of the race in meeting these demands. Available genetic diversity constituting the foundation of breeding is essential in plant improvement. Elite varieties, land races, and crop wild species are important resources of useful variation and are available from existing genepools or genebanks. Conservation of diversity in genepools, genebanks, and even the wild is crucial in preventing the loss of variation for future breeding efforts. In addition, the identification of suitable parental lines and alleles is critical in ensuring the development of resilient Brassica crops. During the past two decades, an increasing number of high-quality nuclear and organellar Brassica genomes have been assembled. Whole-genome re-sequencing and the development of pan-genomes are overcoming the limitations of the single reference genome and provide the basis for further exploration. Genomic and complementary omic tools such as microarrays, transcriptomics, epigenetics, and reverse genetics facilitate the study of crop evolution, breeding histories, and the discovery of loci associated with highly sought-after agronomic traits. Furthermore, in genomic selection, predicted breeding values based on phenotype and genome-wide marker scores allow the preselection of promising genotypes, enhancing genetic gains and substantially quickening the breeding cycle. It is clear that genomics, armed with diversity, is set to lead the way in Brassica improvement; however, a multidisciplinary plant breeding approach that includes phenotype = genotype × environment × management interaction will ultimately ensure the selection of resilient Brassica varieties ready for climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences Western Australia and UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gaikwad KB, Rani S, Kumar M, Gupta V, Babu PH, Bainsla NK, Yadav R. Enhancing the Nutritional Quality of Major Food Crops Through Conventional and Genomics-Assisted Breeding. Front Nutr 2020; 7:533453. [PMID: 33324668 PMCID: PMC7725794 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.533453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional stress is making over two billion world population malnourished. Either our commercially cultivated varieties of cereals, pulses, and oilseed crops are deficient in essential nutrients or the soils in which these crops grow are becoming devoid of minerals. Unfortunately, our major food crops are poor sources of micronutrients required for normal human growth. To overcome the problem of nutritional deficiency, greater emphasis should be laid on the identification of genes/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) pertaining to essential nutrients and their successful deployment in elite breeding lines through marker-assisted breeding. The manuscript deals with information on identified QTLs for protein content, vitamins, macronutrients, micro-nutrients, minerals, oil content, and essential amino acids in major food crops. These QTLs can be utilized in the development of nutrient-rich crop varieties. Genome editing technologies that can rapidly modify genomes in a precise way and will directly enrich the nutritional status of elite varieties could hold a bright future to address the challenge of malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran B. Gaikwad
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushma Rani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Manjeet Kumar
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Prashanth H. Babu
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Bainsla
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajbir Yadav
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ton LB, Neik TX, Batley J. The Use of Genetic and Gene Technologies in Shaping Modern Rapeseed Cultivars ( Brassica napus L.). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1161. [PMID: 33008008 PMCID: PMC7600269 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their domestication, Brassica oilseed species have undergone progressive transformation allied with the development of breeding and molecular technologies. The canola (Brassica napus) crop has rapidly expanded globally in the last 30 years with intensive innovations in canola varieties, providing for a wider range of markets apart from the food industry. The breeding efforts of B. napus, the main source of canola oil and canola meal, have been mainly focused on improving seed yield, oil quality, and meal quality along with disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, and herbicide resistance. The revolution in genetics and gene technologies, including genetic mapping, molecular markers, genomic tools, and gene technology, especially gene editing tools, has allowed an understanding of the complex genetic makeup and gene functions in the major bioprocesses of the Brassicales, especially Brassica oil crops. Here, we provide an overview on the contributions of these technologies in improving the major traits of B. napus and discuss their potential use to accomplish new improvement targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linh Bao Ton
- School of Biological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Ting Xiang Neik
- Sunway College Kuala Lumpur, No. 2, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yin Y, Guo Z, Chen K, Tian T, Tan J, Chen X, Chen J, Yang B, Tang S, Peng K, Liu S, Liang Y, Zhang K, Yu L, Li M. Ultra-high α-linolenic acid accumulating developmental defective embryo was rescued by lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2151-2167. [PMID: 32573846 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
For decades, genetic engineering approaches to produce unusual fatty acids (UFAs) in crops has reached a bottleneck, including reduced seed oil production and seed vigor. Currently, plant models in the field of research are primarily used to investigate defects in oil production and seedling development, while the role of UFAs in embryonic developmental defects remains unknown. In this study, we developed a transgenic Arabidopsis plant model, in which the embryo exhibits severely wrinkled appearance owing to α-linolenic acid (ALA) accumulation. RNA-sequencing analysis in the defective embryo suggested that brassinosteroid synthesis, FA synthesis and photosynthesis were inhibited, while FA degradation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress were activated. Lipidomics analysis showed that ultra-accumulated ALA is released from phosphatidylcholine as a free FA in cells, inducing severe endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stress. Furthermore, we identified that overexpression of lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 rescued the defective phenotype. In the rescue line, the pool capacity of the Kennedy pathway was increased, and the esterification of ALA indirectly to triacylglycerol was enhanced to avoid stress. This study provides a plant model that aids in understanding the molecular mechanism of embryonic developmental defects and generates strategies to produce higher levels of UFAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongtai Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| | - Zhenyi Guo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiajun Tan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xinfeng Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shuyan Tang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kangfu Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Si Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Longjiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Molecular mechanisms for biosynthesis and assembly of nutritionally important very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in microorganisms. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 79:101047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
36
|
Petrie JR, Zhou XR, Leonforte A, McAllister J, Shrestha P, Kennedy Y, Belide S, Buzza G, Gororo N, Gao W, Lester G, Mansour MP, Mulder RJ, Liu Q, Tian L, Silva C, Cogan NOI, Nichols PD, Green AG, de Feyter R, Devine MD, Singh SP. Development of a Brassica napus (Canola) Crop Containing Fish Oil-Like Levels of DHA in the Seed Oil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:727. [PMID: 32595662 PMCID: PMC7303301 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant seeds have long been promoted as a production platform for novel fatty acids such as the ω3 long-chain (≥ C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) commonly found in fish oil. In this article we describe the creation of a canola (Brassica napus) variety producing fish oil-like levels of DHA in the seed. This was achieved by the introduction of a microalgal/yeast transgenic pathway of seven consecutive enzymatic steps which converted the native substrate oleic acid to α-linolenic acid and, subsequently, to EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and DHA. This paper describes construct design and evaluation, plant transformation, event selection, field testing in a wide range of environments, and oil profile stability of the transgenic seed. The stable, high-performing event NS-B50027-4 produced fish oil-like levels of DHA (9-11%) in open field trials of T3 to T7 generation plants in several locations in Australia and Canada. This study also describes the highest seed DHA levels reported thus far and is one of the first examples of a deregulated genetically modified crop with clear health benefits to the consumer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xue-Rong Zhou
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Yoko Kennedy
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Greg Buzza
- Nuseed Pty Ltd., Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Wenxiang Gao
- Nuseed Americas Inc., Woodland, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lijun Tian
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Synthesizing Chiral Drug Intermediates by Biocatalysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:146-179. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03272-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
38
|
Zhu Q, Wang B, Tan J, Liu T, Li L, Liu YG. Plant Synthetic Metabolic Engineering for Enhancing Crop Nutritional Quality. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 33404538 PMCID: PMC7747972 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiencies in crops are a serious threat to human health, especially for populations in poor areas. To overcome this problem, the development of crops with nutrient-enhanced traits is imperative. Biofortification of crops to improve nutritional quality helps combat nutrient deficiencies by increasing the levels of specific nutrient components. Compared with agronomic practices and conventional plant breeding, plant metabolic engineering and synthetic biology strategies are more effective and accurate in synthesizing specific micronutrients, phytonutrients, and/or bioactive components in crops. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of plant synthetic metabolic engineering, specifically in terms of research strategies of multigene stacking tools and engineering complex metabolic pathways, with a focus on improving traits related to micronutrients, phytonutrients, and bioactive components. Advances and innovations in plant synthetic metabolic engineering would facilitate the development of nutrient-enriched crops to meet the nutritional needs of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Endoplasmic reticulum retention signaling and transmembrane channel proteins predicted for oilseed ω3 fatty acid desaturase 3 (FAD3) genes. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 20:433-458. [PMID: 31781992 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Oilseed crop oils contain a variety of unsaturated fatty acids that are synthesized and regulated by fatty acid desaturases (FADs). In this study, 14 FAD3 (ω3 desaturase) protein sequences from oilseeds are analyzed and presented through the application of several computational tools. The results indicated a close relationship between Brassica napus and Camelina sativa, as well as between Salvia hispanica and Perilla frutescens FAD3s, due to a high similarity in codon preferences in codon usage clusters and the phylogenetic tree. The cis-acting element results reveal that the seed-specific promoter region of BnFAD3 contains the critical conserved boxes such as HSE and ABRE, which are involved in responsiveness to heat stress and abscisic acid. The presence of the aforementioned conserved boxes may increase cold acclimation as well as tolerance to drought and high salinity. Omega(ω)3 desaturases contain a Skn-1 motif which is a cis-acting regulatory element required involved in endosperm development. In oilseed FAD3s, leucine is the most repeated amino acid in FAD3 proteins. The study conveyed that B. napus, Camelina sativa, Linum usitatissimum, Vernicia fordii, Gossypium hirsutum, S. hispanica, Cannabis sativa, and P. frutescens have retention signal KXKXX/XKXX at their c-terminus sites, which is one of the most important characteristics of FADs. Additionally, it was found that BnFAD3 is a transmembrane protein that can convert ω6 to ω3 fatty acids and may simultaneously act as a potassium ion channel in the ER.
Collapse
|
40
|
Harwood JL. Algae: Critical Sources of Very Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110708. [PMID: 31698772 PMCID: PMC6920940 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are divided into n-3 and n-6 classes, are essential for good health in humans and many animals. They are metabolised to lipid mediators, such as eicosanoids, resolvins and protectins. Increasing interest has been paid to the 20 or 22 carbon very long chain PUFAs, since these compounds can be used to form lipid mediators and, thus, avoid inefficient formation of dietary plant PUFAs. The ultimate sources of very long chain PUFAs are algae, which are consumed by fish and then by humans. In this review, I describe the biosynthesis of very long chain PUFAs by algae and how this synthesis can be manipulated for commercial purposes. Ultimately, the production of algal oils is critical for ecosystems worldwide, as well as for human dietary lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou XR, Li J, Wan X, Hua W, Singh S. Harnessing Biotechnology for the Development of New Seed Lipid Traits in Brassica. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1197-1204. [PMID: 31076774 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The seed oil quality of Brassica oilseed species has been improved in the last few decades, using conventional breeding approaches. Modern biotechnology has enabled the significant development of new seed lipid traits in many oil crops. Alternation of seed lipid component with gene knockout by RNAi gene silencing, artificial microRNA or gene editing within the crop is relative straightforward. Introducing a new pathway from an exogenous source via biotechnology enables the creation of a new trait, where the biosynthetic pathway for such a new trait is not available in the host crop. This review updates the recent development of new seed lipid traits in six major Brassica species and highlights the capability of biotechnology to improve the composition of important fatty acids for both industrial and nutritional purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lombardo L, Grando MS. Genetically Modified Plants for Nutritionally Improved Food: A Promise Kept? FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1613664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lombardo
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Grando
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Isolation and characterization of a novel seed-specific promoter from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3183-3191. [PMID: 30937655 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Peanut, whose seeds are ideal bioreactors for the production of recombinant proteins and/or nutrient metabolites, is one of the most important crop species worldwide. As important molecular tools, seed-specific promoters (SSPs) can direct the expression of foreign proteins specifically in seeds to avoid constitutive expression that can damage plants. However, few SSPs have been identified from this species. In this study, we isolated a novel SSP (we named it AHSSP2) from peanut. Several cis-acting elements commonly found in SSPs, including 3 copies of RYREPEAT elements, were dispersed throughout the 1970-bp sequence of AHSSP2. The sequence was then substituted in place of the 35S promoter sequence in a pBI121 plasmid, which was subsequently transformed into Arabidopsis. Beta-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that AHSSP2 can drive GUS gene expression in the mature seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis, excluding within the testa. The cotyledons and hypocotyls of the germinating seeds of transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings also exhibited GUS activity, even after the seedlings became adult plants. No GUS activity was detected in nontransformed Arabidopsis at any stage. These results strongly suggested that AHSSP2 could drive the expression of foreign genes in a seed-specific manner. This study enriched SSP resources, and the results showed that AHSSP2 could be potentially utilized in peanut and other crop species to improve seed quality, such as modifications to seed oil content.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sedeek KEM, Mahas A, Mahfouz M. Plant Genome Engineering for Targeted Improvement of Crop Traits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30809237 PMCID: PMC6379297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
To improve food security, plant biology research aims to improve crop yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, as well as increasing the nutrient contents of food. Conventional breeding systems have allowed breeders to produce improved varieties of many crops; for example, hybrid grain crops show dramatic improvements in yield. However, many challenges remain and emerging technologies have the potential to address many of these challenges. For example, site-specific nucleases such as TALENs and CRISPR/Cas systems, which enable high-efficiency genome engineering across eukaryotic species, have revolutionized biological research and its applications in crop plants. These nucleases have been used in diverse plant species to generate a wide variety of site-specific genome modifications through strategies that include targeted mutagenesis and editing for various agricultural biotechnology applications. Moreover, CRISPR/Cas genome-wide screens make it possible to discover novel traits, expand the range of traits, and accelerate trait development in target crops that are key for food security. Here, we discuss the development and use of various site-specific nuclease systems for different plant genome-engineering applications. We highlight the existing opportunities to harness these technologies for targeted improvement of traits to enhance crop productivity and resilience to climate change. These cutting-edge genome-editing technologies are thus poised to reshape the future of agriculture and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) in transgenic peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) through the alternative Δ8-desaturase pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:333-342. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4476-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
46
|
Progress in the genetic engineering of cereals to produce essential polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Biotechnol 2018; 284:115-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
47
|
Pichler H, Emmerstorfer-Augustin A. Modification of membrane lipid compositions in single-celled organisms – From basics to applications. Methods 2018; 147:50-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
48
|
Meesapyodsuk D, Ye S, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chapman RG, Qiu X. An engineered oilseed crop produces oil enriched in two very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with potential health-promoting properties. Metab Eng 2018; 49:192-200. [PMID: 30149205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLCPUFAs) are well recognized for their health benefits in humans and animals. Here we report that identification and characterization of a gene (EhELO1) encoding the first functional ELO type elongase (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase) in higher plants that is involved in the biosynthesis of two VLCPUFAs docosadienoic acid (DDA, 22:2n-6) and docosatrienoic acid (DTA, 22:3n-3) that possess potential health-promoting properties. Functional analysis of the gene in yeast indicated that this novel enzyme could elongate a wide range of polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18-22 carbons and effectively catalyze the biosynthesis of DDA and DTA by the sequential elongations of linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, respectively. Seed-specific expression of this gene in oilseed crop Brassica carinata showed that the transgenic plants produced the level of DDA and DTA at approximately 30% of the total fatty acids in seeds, and the amount of the two fatty acids remained stable over four generations. The oilseed crop producing a high and sustained level of DDA and DTA provides an opportunity for high value agricultural products for nutritional and medical uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengjian Ye
- Department of Food & Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Food & Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Food & Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | | | - Xiao Qiu
- National Research Council of Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Department of Food & Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shih PM. Towards a sustainable bio-based economy: Redirecting primary metabolism to new products with plant synthetic biology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 273:84-91. [PMID: 29907312 PMCID: PMC6005202 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Humans have domesticated many plant species as indispensable sources of food, materials, and medicines. The dawning era of synthetic biology represents a means to further refine, redesign, and engineer crops to meet various societal and industrial needs. Current and future endeavors will utilize plants as the foundation of a bio-based economy through the photosynthetic production of carbohydrate feedstocks for the microbial fermentation of biofuels and bioproducts, with the end goal of decreasing our dependence on petrochemicals. As our technological capabilities improve, metabolic engineering efforts may expand the utility of plants beyond sugar feedstocks through the direct production of target compounds, including pharmaceuticals, renewable fuels, and commodity chemicals. However, relatively little work has been done to fully realize the potential in redirecting central carbon metabolism in plants for the engineering of novel bioproducts. Although our ability to rationally engineer and manipulate plant metabolism is in its infancy, I highlight some of the opportunities and challenges in applying synthetic biology towards engineering plant primary metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Shih
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis St, Emeryville, CA, 94608, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Shanab SM, Hafez RM, Fouad AS. A review on algae and plants as potential source of arachidonic acid. J Adv Res 2018; 11:3-13. [PMID: 30034871 PMCID: PMC6052662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as ARA (arachidonic acid, n-6), EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, n-3) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid, n-3) cannot be synthesized by mammals and it must be provided as food supplement. ARA and DHA are the major PUFAs that constitute the brain membrane phospholipid. n-3 PUFAs are contained in fish oil and animal sources, while the n-6 PUFAs are mostly provided by vegetable oils. Inappropriate fatty acids consumption from the n-6 and n-3 families is the major cause of chronic diseases as cancer, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The n-6: n-3 ratio (lower than 10) recommended by the WHO can be achieved by consuming certain edible sources rich in n-3 and n-6 in daily food meal. Many researches have been screened for alternative sources of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs of plant origin, microbes, algae, lower and higher plants, which biosynthesize these valuable PUFAs needed for our body health. Biosynthesis of C18 PUFAs, in entire plant kingdom, takes place through certain pathways using elongases and desaturases to synthesize their needs of ARA (C20-PUFAs). This review is an attempt to highlight the importance and function of PUFAs mainly ARA, its occurrence throughout the plant kingdom (and others), its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes involved. The methods used to enhance ARA productions through environmental factors and metabolic engineering are also presented. It also deals with advising people that healthy life is affected by their dietary intake of both n-3 and n-6 FAs. The review also addresses the scientist to carry on their work to enrich organisms with ARA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rehab M. Hafez
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|