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Harders RH, Morthorst TH, Landgrebe LE, Lande AD, Fuglsang MS, Mortensen SB, Feteira-Montero V, Jensen HH, Wesseltoft JB, Olsen A. CED-6/GULP and components of the clathrin-mediated endocytosis machinery act redundantly to correctly display CED-1 on the cell membrane in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae088. [PMID: 38696649 PMCID: PMC11228867 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
CED-1 (cell death abnormal) is a transmembrane receptor involved in the recognition of "eat-me" signals displayed on the surface of apoptotic cells and thus central for the subsequent engulfment of the cell corpse in Caenorhabditis elegans. The roles of CED-1 in engulfment are well established, as are its downstream effectors. The latter include the adapter protein CED-6/GULP and the ATP-binding cassette family homolog CED-7. However, how CED-1 is maintained on the plasma membrane in the absence of engulfment is currently unknown. Here, we show that CED-6 and CED-7 have a novel role in maintaining CED-1 correctly on the plasma membrane. We propose that the underlying mechanism is via endocytosis as CED-6 and CED-7 act redundantly with clathrin and its adaptor, the Adaptor protein 2 complex, in ensuring correct CED-1 localization. In conclusion, CED-6 and CED-7 impact other cellular processes than engulfment of apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hindsgaul Harders
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Tine H Morthorst
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Line E Landgrebe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Anna D Lande
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Marie Sikjær Fuglsang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Stine Bothilde Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Verónica Feteira-Montero
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Helene Halkjær Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bruhn Wesseltoft
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
| | - Anders Olsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark
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2
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Falsztyn IB, Taylor SM, Baugh LR. Developmental and conditional regulation of DAF-2/INSR ubiquitination in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.24.595723. [PMID: 38854056 PMCID: PMC11160630 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.24.595723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) regulates developmental and metabolic plasticity. Conditional regulation of insulin-like peptide expression and secretion promotes different phenotypes in different environments. However, IIS can also be regulated by other, less-understood mechanisms. For example, stability of the only known insulin/IGF receptor in C. elegans, DAF-2/INSR, is regulated by CHIP-dependent ubiquitination. Disruption of chn-1/CHIP reduces longevity in C. elegans by increasing DAF-2/INSR abundance and IIS activity in adults. Likewise, mutation of a ubiquitination site causes daf-2(gk390525) to display gain-of-function phenotypes in adults. However, we show that this allele displays loss-of-function phenotypes in larvae, and that its effect on IIS activity transitions from negative to positive during development. In contrast, the allele acts like a gain-of-function in larvae cultured at high temperature, inhibiting temperature-dependent dauer formation. Disruption of chn-1/CHIP causes an increase in IIS activity in starved L1 larvae, unlike daf-2(gk390525). CHN-1/CHIP ubiquitinates DAF-2/INSR at multiple sites. These results suggest that the sites that are functionally relevant to negative regulation of IIS vary in larvae and adults, at different temperatures, and in nutrient-dependent fashion, revealing additional layers of IIS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth M. Taylor
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - L. Ryan Baugh
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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3
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Erdmann EA, Forbes M, Becker M, Perez S, Hundley HA. ADR-2 regulates fertility and oocyte fate in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.01.565157. [PMID: 37961348 PMCID: PMC10635048 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.01.565157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
RNA binding proteins play essential roles in coordinating germline gene expression and development in all organisms. Here, we report that loss of ADR-2, a member of the Adenosine DeAminase acting on RNA (ADAR) family of RNA binding proteins and the sole adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing enzyme in C. elegans, can improve fertility in multiple genetic backgrounds. First, we show that loss of RNA editing by ADR-2 restores normal embryo production to subfertile animals that transgenically express a vitellogenin (yolk protein) fusion to green fluorescent protein. Using this phenotype, a high-throughput screen was designed to identify RNA binding proteins that when depleted yield synthetic phenotypes with loss of adr-2. The screen uncovered a genetic interaction between ADR-2 and SQD-1, a member of the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family of RNA binding proteins. Microscopy, reproductive assays, and high-throughput sequencing reveal that sqd-1 is essential for the onset of oogenesis and oogenic gene expression in young adult animals, and that loss of adr-2 can counteract the effects of loss of sqd-1 on gene expression and rescue the switch from spermatogenesis to oogenesis. Together, these data demonstrate that ADR-2 can contribute to the suppression of fertility and suggest novel roles for both RNA editing-dependent and independent mechanisms in regulating embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Erdmann
- Genome, Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, US 47405
| | - Melanie Forbes
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, US 47405
| | - Margaret Becker
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Bloomington IN, US 47405
| | - Sarina Perez
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington IN, US 47405
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4
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Marmorale LJ, Jin H, Reidy TG, Palomino-Alonso B, Zysnarski CJ, Jordan-Javed F, Lahiri S, Duncan MC. Fast-evolving cofactors regulate the role of HEATR5 complexes in intra-Golgi trafficking. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202309047. [PMID: 38240799 PMCID: PMC10798858 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202309047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved HEATR5 proteins are best known for their roles in membrane traffic mediated by the adaptor protein complex-1 (AP1). HEATR5 proteins rely on fast-evolving cofactors to bind to AP1. However, how HEATR5 proteins interact with these cofactors is unknown. Here, we report that the budding yeast HEATR5 protein, Laa1, functions in two biochemically distinct complexes. These complexes are defined by a pair of mutually exclusive Laa1-binding proteins, Laa2 and the previously uncharacterized Lft1/Yml037c. Despite limited sequence similarity, biochemical analysis and structure predictions indicate that Lft1 and Laa2 bind Laa1 via structurally similar mechanisms. Both Laa1 complexes function in intra-Golgi recycling. However, only the Laa2-Laa1 complex binds to AP1 and contributes to its localization. Finally, structure predictions indicate that human HEATR5 proteins bind to a pair of fast-evolving interacting partners via a mechanism similar to that observed in yeast. These results reveal mechanistic insight into how HEATR5 proteins bind their cofactors and indicate that Laa1 performs functions besides recruiting AP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Marmorale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Huan Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thomas G. Reidy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brandon Palomino-Alonso
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J. Zysnarski
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fatima Jordan-Javed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sagar Lahiri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mara C. Duncan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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McCright J, Yarmovsky J, Maisel K. Para- and Transcellular Transport Kinetics of Nanoparticles across Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1160-1169. [PMID: 37851841 PMCID: PMC10923144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels have received significant attention as drug delivery targets, as they shuttle materials from peripheral tissues to the lymph nodes, where adaptive immunity is formed. Delivery of immune modulatory materials to the lymph nodes via lymphatic vessels has been shown to enhance their efficacy and also improve the bioavailability of drugs when delivered to intestinal lymphatic vessels. In this study, we generated a three-compartment model of a lymphatic vessel with a set of kinematic differential equations to describe the transport of nanoparticles from the surrounding tissues into lymphatic vessels. We used previously published data and collected additional experimental parameters, including the transport efficiency of nanoparticles over time, and also examined how nanoparticle formulation affected the cellular transport mechanisms using small molecule inhibitors. These experimental data were incorporated into a system of kinematic differential equations, and nonlinear, least-squares curve fitting algorithms were employed to extrapolate transport coefficients within our model. The subsequent computational framework produced some of the first parameters to describe transport kinetics across lymphatic endothelial cells and allowed for the quantitative analysis of the driving mechanisms of transport into lymphatic vessels. Our model indicates that transcellular mechanisms, such as micro- and macropinocytosis, drive transport into lymphatics. This information is crucial to further design strategies that will modulate lymphatic transport for drug delivery, particularly in diseases like lymphedema, where normal lymphatic functions are impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob McCright
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jenny Yarmovsky
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Katharina Maisel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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6
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Li X, Liu B, Wen Y, Wang J, Guo YR, Shi A, Lin L. Coordination of RAB-8 and RAB-11 during unconventional protein secretion. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202306107. [PMID: 38019180 PMCID: PMC10686230 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202306107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple physiology-pertinent transmembrane proteins reach the cell surface via the Golgi-bypassing unconventional protein secretion (UcPS) pathway. By employing C. elegans-polarized intestine epithelia, we recently have revealed that the small GTPase RAB-8/Rab8 serves as an important player in the process. Nonetheless, its function and the relevant UcPS itinerary remain poorly understood. Here, we show that deregulated RAB-8 activity resulted in impaired apical UcPS, which increased sensitivity to infection and environmental stress. We also identified the SNARE VTI-1/Vti1a/b as a new RAB-8-interacting factor involved in the apical UcPS. Besides, RAB-11/Rab11 was capable of recruiting RABI-8/Rabin8 to reduce the guanine nucleotide exchange activity of SMGL-1/GEF toward RAB-8, indicating the necessity of a finely tuned RAB-8/RAB-11 network. Populations of RAB-8- and RAB-11-positive endosomal structures containing the apical UcPS cargo moved toward the apical side. In the absence of RAB-11 or its effectors, the cargo was retained in RAB-8- and RAB-11-positive endosomes, respectively, suggesting that these endosomes are utilized as intermediate carriers for the UcPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yusong R. Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Kawasaki I, Sugiura K, Sasaki T, Matsuda N, Sato M, Sato K. MARC-3, a membrane-associated ubiquitin ligase, is required for fast polyspermy block in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:792. [PMID: 38278786 PMCID: PMC10817901 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In many sexually reproducing organisms, oocytes are fundamentally fertilized with one sperm. In Caenorhabditis elegans, chitin layer formation after fertilization by the EGG complex is one of the mechanisms of polyspermy block, but other mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that MARC-3, a membrane-associated RING-CH-type ubiquitin ligase that localizes to the plasma membrane and cortical puncta in oocytes, is involved in fast polyspermy block. During polyspermy, the second sperm entry occurs within approximately 10 s after fertilization in MARC-3-deficient zygotes, whereas it occurs approximately 200 s after fertilization in egg-3 mutant zygotes defective in the chitin layer formation. MARC-3 also functions in the selective degradation of maternal plasma membrane proteins and the transient accumulation of endosomal lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin after fertilization. The RING-finger domain of MARC-3 is required for its in vitro ubiquitination activity and polyspermy block, suggesting that a ubiquitination-mediated mechanism sequentially regulates fast polyspermy block and maternal membrane protein degradation during the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Kenta Sugiura
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Taeko Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- Department of Biomolecular Pathogenesis, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan.
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8
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Moschandrea C, Kondylis V, Evangelakos I, Herholz M, Schneider F, Schmidt C, Yang M, Ehret S, Heine M, Jaeckstein MY, Szczepanowska K, Schwarzer R, Baumann L, Bock T, Nikitopoulou E, Brodesser S, Krüger M, Frezza C, Heeren J, Trifunovic A, Pasparakis M. Mitochondrial dysfunction abrogates dietary lipid processing in enterocytes. Nature 2024; 625:385-392. [PMID: 38123683 PMCID: PMC10781618 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Digested dietary fats are taken up by enterocytes where they are assembled into pre-chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum followed by transport to the Golgi for maturation and subsequent secretion to the circulation1. The role of mitochondria in dietary lipid processing is unclear. Here we show that mitochondrial dysfunction in enterocytes inhibits chylomicron production and the transport of dietary lipids to peripheral organs. Mice with specific ablation of the mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase DARS2 (ref. 2), the respiratory chain subunit SDHA3 or the assembly factor COX10 (ref. 4) in intestinal epithelial cells showed accumulation of large lipid droplets (LDs) in enterocytes of the proximal small intestine and failed to thrive. Feeding a fat-free diet suppressed the build-up of LDs in DARS2-deficient enterocytes, which shows that the accumulating lipids derive mostly from digested fat. Furthermore, metabolic tracing studies revealed an impaired transport of dietary lipids to peripheral organs in mice lacking DARS2 in intestinal epithelial cells. DARS2 deficiency caused a distinct lack of mature chylomicrons concomitant with a progressive dispersal of the Golgi apparatus in proximal enterocytes. This finding suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction results in impaired trafficking of chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, which in turn leads to storage of dietary lipids in large cytoplasmic LDs. Taken together, these results reveal a role for mitochondria in dietary lipid transport in enterocytes, which might be relevant for understanding the intestinal defects observed in patients with mitochondrial disorders5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Moschandrea
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vangelis Kondylis
- Institute for Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ioannis Evangelakos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marija Herholz
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Farina Schneider
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ming Yang
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandra Ehret
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Y Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Szczepanowska
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robin Schwarzer
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linda Baumann
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Theresa Bock
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Efterpi Nikitopoulou
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Frezza
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Trifunovic
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute for Mitochondrial Diseases and Aging, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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9
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Pierron M, Woglar A, Busso C, Jha K, Mikeladze‐Dvali T, Croisier M, Gönczy P. Centriole elimination during Caenorhabditis elegans oogenesis initiates with loss of the central tube protein SAS-1. EMBO J 2023; 42:e115076. [PMID: 37987153 PMCID: PMC10711648 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023115076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In most metazoans, centrioles are lost during oogenesis, ensuring that the zygote is endowed with the correct number of two centrioles, which are paternally contributed. How centriole architecture is dismantled during oogenesis is not understood. Here, we analyze with unprecedent detail the ultrastructural and molecular changes during oogenesis centriole elimination in Caenorhabditis elegans. Centriole elimination begins with loss of the so-called central tube and organelle widening, followed by microtubule disassembly. The resulting cluster of centriolar proteins then disappears gradually, usually moving in a microtubule- and dynein-dependent manner to the plasma membrane. Our analysis indicates that neither Polo-like kinases nor the PCM, which modulate oogenesis centriole elimination in Drosophila, do so in C. elegans. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the central tube protein SAS-1 normally departs initially from the organelle, which loses integrity earlier in sas-1 mutants. Overall, our work provides novel mechanistic insights regarding the fundamental process of oogenesis centriole elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pierron
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alexander Woglar
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Coralie Busso
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Keshav Jha
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Marie Croisier
- BIO‐EM platform, School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life SciencesSwiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
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10
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Prunier C, Chavrier P, Boissan M. Mechanisms of action of NME metastasis suppressors - a family affair. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1155-1167. [PMID: 37353690 PMCID: PMC10713741 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is regulated by metastasis promoter and suppressor genes. NME1, the prototypic and first described metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) involved in nucleotide metabolism; two related family members, NME2 and NME4, are also reported as metastasis suppressors. These proteins physically interact with members of the GTPase dynamin family, which have key functions in membrane fission and fusion reactions necessary for endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics. Evidence supports a model in which NDPKs provide GTP to dynamins to maintain a high local GTP concentration for optimal dynamin function. NME1 and NME2 are cytosolic enzymes that provide GTP to dynamins at the plasma membrane, which drive endocytosis, suggesting that these NMEs are necessary to attenuate signaling by receptors on the cell surface. Disruption of NDPK activity in NME-deficient tumors may thus drive metastasis by prolonging signaling. NME4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that interacts with the dynamin OPA1 at the mitochondria inner membrane to drive inner membrane fusion and maintain a fused mitochondrial network. This function is consistent with the current view that mitochondrial fusion inhibits the metastatic potential of tumor cells whereas mitochondrial fission promotes metastasis progression. The roles of NME family members in dynamin-mediated endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics and the intimate link between these processes and metastasis provide a new framework to understand the metastasis suppressor functions of NME proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Prunier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Actin and Membrane Dynamics Laboratory, Institut Curie - Research Center, CNRS UMR144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Endocrinienne Et Oncologique, Oncobiologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.
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11
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Marmorale LJ, Jin H, Reidy TG, Palomino-Alonso B, Zysnarski C, Jordan-Javed F, Lahiri S, Duncan MC. Two functionally distinct HEATR5 protein complexes are defined by fast-evolving co-factors in yeast. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554671. [PMID: 37662263 PMCID: PMC10473696 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The highly conserved HEATR5 proteins are best known for their roles in membrane traffic mediated by the adaptor protein complex-1 (AP1). HEATR5 proteins rely on fast-evolving co-factors to bind to AP1. However, how HEATR5 proteins interact with these co-factors is unknown. Here, we report that the budding yeast HEATR5 protein, Laa1, functions in two biochemically distinct complexes. These complexes are defined by a pair of mutually exclusive Laa1-binding proteins, Laa2 and the previously uncharacterized Lft1/Yml037c. Despite limited sequence similarity, biochemical analysis and structure predictions indicate that Lft1 and Laa2 bind Laa1 via structurally similar mechanisms. Both Laa1 complexes function in intra-Golgi recycling. However, only the Laa2-Laa1 complex binds to AP1 and contributes to its localization. Finally, structure predictions indicate that human HEATR5 proteins bind to a pair of fast-evolving interacting partners via a mechanism similar to that observed in yeast. These results reveal mechanistic insight into how HEATR5 proteins bind their co-factors and indicate that Laa1 performs functions besides recruiting AP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Marmorale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
- Present address: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Huan Jin
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
| | - Thomas G. Reidy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
- Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | | | - Fatima Jordan-Javed
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
| | - Sagar Lahiri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
| | - Mara C Duncan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI
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12
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Land R, Fetter R, Liang X, Tzeng CP, Taylor CA, Shen K. Endoplasmic Reticulum Exit Sites scale with somato-dendritic size in neurons. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar106. [PMID: 37556208 PMCID: PMC10559313 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-03-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nervous systems exhibit dramatic diversity in cell morphology and size. How neurons regulate their biosynthetic and secretory machinery to support such diversity is not well understood. Endoplasmic reticulum exit sites (ERESs) are essential for maintaining secretory flux, and are required for normal dendrite development, but how neurons of different size regulate secretory capacity remains unknown. In Caenorhabditis elegans, we find that the ERES number is strongly correlated with the size of a neuron's dendritic arbor. The elaborately branched sensory neuron, PVD, has especially high ERES numbers. Asymmetric cell division provides PVD with a large initial cell size critical for rapid establishment of PVD's high ERES number before neurite outgrowth, and these ERESs are maintained throughout development. Maintenance of ERES number requires the cell fate transcription factor MEC-3, C. elegans TOR (ceTOR/let-363), and nutrient availability, with mec-3 and ceTOR/let-363 mutant PVDs both displaying reductions in ERES number, soma size, and dendrite size. Notably, mec-3 mutant animals exhibit reduced expression of a ceTOR/let-363 reporter in PVD, and starvation reduces ERES number and somato-dendritic size in a manner genetically redundant with ceTOR/let-363 perturbation. Our data suggest that both asymmetric cell division and nutrient sensing pathways regulate secretory capacities to support elaborate dendritic arbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Land
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Neurosciences IDP, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Richard Fetter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Xing Liang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Christopher P. Tzeng
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Caitlin A. Taylor
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Kang Shen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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13
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Geens E, Van de Walle P, Caroti F, Jelier R, Steuwe C, Schoofs L, Temmerman L. Yolk-deprived Caenorhabditis elegans secure brood size at the expense of competitive fitness. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201675. [PMID: 37059473 PMCID: PMC10105328 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oviparous animals support reproduction via the incorporation of yolk as a nutrient source into the eggs. In Caenorhabditis elegans, however, yolk proteins seem dispensable for fecundity, despite constituting the vast majority of the embryonic protein pool and acting as carriers for nutrient-rich lipids. Here, we used yolk protein-deprived C. elegans mutants to gain insight into the traits that may yet be influenced by yolk rationing. We show that massive yolk provisioning confers a temporal advantage during embryogenesis, while also increasing early juvenile body size and promoting competitive fitness. Opposite to species that reduce egg production under yolk deprivation, our results indicate that C. elegans relies on yolk as a fail-safe to secure offspring survival, rather than to maintain offspring numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Geens
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Francesca Caroti
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rob Jelier
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Steuwe
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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14
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Chen Y, Kang J, Zhen R, Zhang L, Chen C. A genome-wide CRISPR screen identifies the CCT chaperonin as a critical regulator of vesicle trafficking. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22757. [PMID: 36607310 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201580r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vesicle trafficking is a fundamental cellular process that controls the transport of various proteins and cargos between cellular compartments in eukaryotes. Using a combination of genome-wide CRISPR screening in mammalian cells and RNAi screening in Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify chaperonin containing TCP-1 subunit 4 (CCT4) as a critical regulator of protein secretion and vesicle trafficking. In C. elegans, deficiency of cct-4 as well as other CCT subunits impairs the trafficking of endocytic markers in intestinal cells, and this defect resembles that of dyn-1 RNAi worms. Consistent with these findings, the silencing of CCT4 in human cells leads to defective endosomal trafficking, and this defect can be rescued by the dynamin activator Ryngo 1-23. These results suggest that the cytosolic chaperonin CCT may regulate vesicle trafficking by promoting the folding of dynamin in addition to its known substrate tubulin. Our findings establish an essential role for the CCT chaperonin in regulating vesicle trafficking, and provide new insights into the regulation of vesicle trafficking and the cellular function of the cytosolic chaperonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Kang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru Zhen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caiyong Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Maeda K, Zachos NC, Orzalli MH, Schmieder SS, Chang D, Bugda Gwilt K, Doucet M, Baetz NW, Lee S, Crawford SE, Estes MK, Kagan JC, Turner JR, Lencer WI. Depletion of the apical endosome in response to viruses and bacterial toxins provides cell-autonomous host defense at mucosal surfaces. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:216-231.e5. [PMID: 35143768 PMCID: PMC8852832 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polarized epithelial cells form an essential barrier against infection at mucosal surfaces. Many pathogens breach this barrier to cause disease, often by co-opting cellular endocytosis mechanisms to enter the cell through the lumenal (apical) cell surface. We recently discovered that the loss of the cell polarity gene PARD6B selectively diminishes apical endosome function. Here, we find that in response to the entry of certain viruses and bacterial toxins into the epithelial cells via the apical membrane, PARD6B and aPKC, two components of the PARD6B-aPKC-Cdc42 apical polarity complex, undergo rapid proteasome-dependent degradation. The perturbation of apical membrane glycosphingolipids by toxin- or virus-binding initiates degradation of PARD6B. The loss of PARD6B causes the depletion of apical endosome function and renders the cell resistant to further infection from the lumenal cell surface, thus enabling a form of cell-autonomous host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Maeda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas C Zachos
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Megan H Orzalli
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stefanie S Schmieder
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Denis Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katlynn Bugda Gwilt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michele Doucet
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicholas W Baetz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sun Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sue E Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM-385, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS: BCM-385, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan C Kagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wayne I Lencer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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16
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SATO K. Multiple roles of endocytosis and autophagy in intracellular remodeling during oocyte-to-embryo transition. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:207-221. [PMID: 35545527 PMCID: PMC9130481 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fertilization is the starting point for creating new progeny. At this time, the highly differentiated oocyte and sperm fuse to form one zygote, which is then converted into a pluripotent early embryo. Recent studies have shown that the lysosomal degradation system via autophagy and endocytosis plays important roles in the remodeling of intracellular components during oocyte-to-embryo transition. For example, in Caenorhabditis elegans, zygotes show high endocytic activity, and some populations of maternal membrane proteins are selectively internalized and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Furthermore, fertilization triggers selective autophagy of sperm-derived paternal mitochondria, which establishes maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA. In addition, it has been shown that autophagy via liquid-liquid phase separation results in the selective degradation of some germ granule components, which are distributed to somatic cells of early embryos. This review outlines the physiological functions of the lysosomal degradation system and its molecular mechanisms in C. elegans and mouse embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken SATO
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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17
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Lukácsi S, Farkas Z, Saskői É, Bajtay Z, Takács-Vellai K. Conserved and Distinct Elements of Phagocytosis in Human and C. elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168934. [PMID: 34445642 PMCID: PMC8396242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocytosis provides the cellular nutrition and homeostasis of organisms, but pathogens often take advantage of this entry point to infect host cells. This is counteracted by phagocytosis that plays a key role in the protection against invading microbes both during the initial engulfment of pathogens and in the clearance of infected cells. Phagocytic cells balance two vital functions: preventing the accumulation of cell corpses to avoid pathological inflammation and autoimmunity, whilst maintaining host defence. In this review, we compare elements of phagocytosis in mammals and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Initial recognition of infection requires different mechanisms. In mammals, pattern recognition receptors bind pathogens directly, whereas activation of the innate immune response in the nematode rather relies on the detection of cellular damage. In contrast, molecules involved in efferocytosis—the engulfment and elimination of dying cells and cell debris—are highly conserved between the two species. Therefore, C. elegans is a powerful model to research mechanisms of the phagocytic machinery. Finally, we show that both mammalian and worm studies help to understand how the two phagocytic functions are interconnected: emerging data suggest the activation of innate immunity as a consequence of defective apoptotic cell clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Lukácsi
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsolt Farkas
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
| | - Éva Saskői
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
| | - Zsuzsa Bajtay
- MTA-ELTE Immunology Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (S.L.); (Z.B.)
- Department of Immunology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Vellai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter s. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.F.); (É.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Pushpa K, Dagar S, Kumar H, Pathak D, Mylavarapu SVS. The exocyst complex regulates C. elegans germline stem cell proliferation by controlling membrane Notch levels. Development 2021; 148:271155. [PMID: 34338279 DOI: 10.1242/dev.196345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The conserved exocyst complex regulates plasma membrane-directed vesicle fusion in eukaryotes. However, its role in stem cell proliferation has not been reported. Germline stem cell (GSC) proliferation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is regulated by conserved Notch signaling. Here, we reveal that the exocyst complex regulates C. elegans GSC proliferation by modulating Notch signaling cell autonomously. Notch membrane density is asymmetrically maintained on GSCs. Knockdown of exocyst complex subunits or of the exocyst-interacting GTPases Rab5 and Rab11 leads to Notch redistribution from the GSC-niche interface to the cytoplasm, suggesting defects in plasma membrane Notch deposition. The anterior polarity (aPar) protein Par6 is required for GSC proliferation, and for maintaining niche-facing membrane levels of Notch and the exocyst complex. The exocyst complex biochemically interacts with the aPar regulator Par5 (14-3-3ζ) and Notch in C. elegans and human cells. Exocyst components are required for Notch plasma membrane localization and signaling in mammalian cells. Our study uncovers a possibly conserved requirement of the exocyst complex in regulating GSC proliferation and in maintaining optimal membrane Notch levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumari Pushpa
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sunayana Dagar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Harsh Kumar
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Diksha Pathak
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sivaram V S Mylavarapu
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.,Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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19
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Plagens RN, Mossiah I, Kim Guisbert KS, Guisbert E. Chronic temperature stress inhibits reproduction and disrupts endocytosis via chaperone titration in Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Biol 2021; 19:75. [PMID: 33858388 PMCID: PMC8051109 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Temperature influences biology at all levels, from altering rates of biochemical reactions to determining sustainability of entire ecosystems. Although extended exposure to elevated temperatures influences organismal phenotypes important for human health, agriculture, and ecology, the molecular mechanisms that drive these responses remain largely unexplored. Prolonged, mild temperature stress (48 h at 28 °C) has been shown to inhibit reproduction in Caenorhabditis elegans without significantly impacting motility or viability. Results Analysis of molecular responses to chronic stress using RNA-seq uncovers dramatic effects on the transcriptome that are fundamentally distinct from the well-characterized, acute heat shock response (HSR). While a large portion of the genome is differentially expressed ≥ 4-fold after 48 h at 28 °C, the only major class of oogenesis-associated genes affected is the vitellogenin gene family that encodes for yolk proteins (YPs). Whereas YP mRNAs decrease, the proteins accumulate and mislocalize in the pseudocoelomic space as early as 6 h, well before reproduction declines. A trafficking defect in a second, unrelated fluorescent reporter and a decrease in pre-synaptic neuronal signaling indicate that the YP mislocalization is caused by a generalized defect in endocytosis. Molecular chaperones are involved in both endocytosis and refolding damaged proteins. Decreasing levels of the major HSP70 chaperone, HSP-1, causes similar YP trafficking defects in the absence of stress. Conversely, increasing chaperone levels through overexpression of the transcription factor HSF-1 rescues YP trafficking and restores neuronal signaling. Conclusions These data implicate chaperone titration during chronic stress as a molecular mechanism contributing to endocytic defects that influence multiple aspects of organismal physiology. Notably, HSF-1 overexpression improves recovery of viable offspring after exposure to stress. These findings provide important molecular insights into understanding organismal responses to temperature stress as well as phenotypes associated with chronic protein misfolding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01008-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary N Plagens
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Isiah Mossiah
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Karen S Kim Guisbert
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Eric Guisbert
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA.
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20
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Serra ND, Sundaram MV. Transcytosis in the development and morphogenesis of epithelial tissues. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106163. [PMID: 33792936 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcytosis is a form of specialized transport through which an extracellular cargo is endocytosed, shuttled across the cytoplasm in membrane-bound vesicles, and secreted at a different plasma membrane surface. This important process allows membrane-impermeable macromolecules to pass through a cell and become accessible to adjacent cells and tissue compartments. Transcytosis also promotes redistribution of plasma membrane proteins and lipids to different regions of the cell surface. Here we review transcytosis and highlight in vivo studies showing how developing epithelial cells use it to change shape, to migrate, and to relocalize signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Serra
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meera V Sundaram
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Abstract
As multi-cellular organisms evolved from small clusters of cells to complex metazoans, biological tubes became essential for life. Tubes are typically thought of as mainly playing a role in transport, with the hollow space (lumen) acting as a conduit to distribute nutrients and waste, or for gas exchange. However, biological tubes also provide a platform for physiological, mechanical, and structural functions. Indeed, tubulogenesis is often a critical aspect of morphogenesis and organogenesis. C. elegans is made up of tubes that provide structural support and protection (the epidermis), perform the mechanical and enzymatic processes of digestion (the buccal cavity, pharynx, intestine, and rectum), transport fluids for osmoregulation (the excretory system), and execute the functions necessary for reproduction (the germline, spermatheca, uterus and vulva). Here we review our current understanding of the genetic regulation, molecular processes, and physical forces involved in tubulogenesis and morphogenesis of the epidermal, digestive and excretory systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Shaye
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Martha C Soto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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22
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Recruitment of Polarity Complexes and Tight Junction Proteins to the Site of Apical Bulk Endocytosis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:59-80. [PMID: 33548596 PMCID: PMC8082271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The molecular motor, Myosin Vb (MYO5B), is well documented for its role in trafficking cargo to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Despite its involvement in regulating apical proteins, the role of MYO5B in cell polarity is less clear. Inactivating mutations in MYO5B result in microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), a disorder characterized by loss of key apical transporters and the presence of intracellular inclusions in enterocytes. We previously identified that inclusions in Myo5b knockout (KO) mice form from invagination of the apical brush border via apical bulk endocytosis. Herein, we sought to elucidate the role of polarity complexes and tight junction proteins during the formation of inclusions. METHODS Intestinal tissue from neonatal control and Myo5b KO littermates was analyzed by immunofluorescence to determine the localization of polarity complexes and tight junction proteins. RESULTS Proteins that make up the apical polarity complexes-Crumbs3 and Pars complexes-were associated with inclusions in Myo5b KO mice. In addition, tight junction proteins were observed to be concentrated over inclusions that were present at the apical membrane of Myo5b-deficient enterocytes in vivo and in vitro. Our mouse findings are complemented by immunostaining in a large animal swine model of MVID genetically engineered to express a human MVID-associated mutation that shows an accumulation of Claudin-2 over forming inclusions. The findings from our swine model of MVID suggest that a similar mechanism of tight junction accumulation occurs in patients with MVID. CONCLUSIONS These data show that apical bulk endocytosis involves the altered localization of apical polarity proteins and tight junction proteins after loss of Myo5b.
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23
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Kidins220 deficiency causes ventriculomegaly via SNX27-retromer-dependent AQP4 degradation. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:6411-6426. [PMID: 34002021 PMCID: PMC8760065 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Several psychiatric, neurologic and neurodegenerative disorders present increased brain ventricles volume, being hydrocephalus the disease with the major manifestation of ventriculomegaly caused by the accumulation of high amounts of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The molecules and pathomechanisms underlying cerebral ventricular enlargement are widely unknown. Kinase D interacting substrate of 220 kDa (KIDINS220) gene has been recently associated with schizophrenia and with a novel syndrome characterized by spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, nystagmus and obesity (SINO syndrome), diseases frequently occurring with ventriculomegaly. Here we show that Kidins220, a transmembrane protein effector of various key neuronal signalling pathways, is a critical regulator of CSF homeostasis. We observe that both KIDINS220 and the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) are markedly downregulated at the ventricular ependymal lining of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients. We also find that Kidins220 deficient mice develop ventriculomegaly accompanied by water dyshomeostasis and loss of AQP4 in the brain ventricular ependymal layer and astrocytes. Kidins220 is a known cargo of the SNX27-retromer, a complex that redirects endocytosed plasma membrane proteins (cargos) back to the cell surface, thus avoiding their targeting to lysosomes for degradation. Mechanistically, we show that AQP4 is a novel cargo of the SNX27-retromer and that Kidins220 deficiency promotes a striking and unexpected downregulation of the SNX27-retromer that results in AQP4 lysosomal degradation. Accordingly, SNX27 silencing decreases AQP4 levels in wild-type astrocytes whereas SNX27 overexpression restores AQP4 content in Kidins220 deficient astrocytes. Together our data suggest that the KIDINS220-SNX27-retromer-AQP4 pathway is involved in human ventriculomegaly and open novel therapeutic perspectives.
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Pan Y, Guo X, Zhou X, Liu Y, Lian J, Yang T, Huang X, He F, Zhang J, Wu B, Xiong F, Yang X. Case Report: A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation of the FRMD4A Gene Identified in a Chinese Family With Global Developmental Delay, Intellectual Disability, and Ataxia. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:775488. [PMID: 34869127 PMCID: PMC8636088 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.775488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: FERM domain-containing protein 4A (FRMD4A) is a scaffolding protein previously proposed to be critical in the regulation of cell polarity in neurons and implicated in human intellectual development. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 3-year-old boy with corpus callosum anomaly, relative macrocephaly, ataxia, and unexplained global developmental delay. Here, compound heterozygous missense mutations in the FRMD4A gene [c.1830G>A, p.(Met610Ile) and c.2973G>C, p.(Gln991His)] were identified in the proband, and subsequent familial segregation showed that each parent had transmitted a mutation. Conclusions: Our results have confirmed the associations of mutations in the FRMD4A gene with intellectual development and indicated that for patients with unexplained global developmental delay, the FRMD4A gene should be included in the analysis of whole exome sequencing data, which can contribute to the identification of more patients affected by this severe phenotypic spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Pan
- School of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Guo
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zhou
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingli Lian
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Medical Genetics, Experimental Education, Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Experimental Education, Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buling Wu
- School of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Medical Genetics, Experimental Education, Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingkun Yang
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Castiglioni VG, Pires HR, Rosas Bertolini R, Riga A, Kerver J, Boxem M. Epidermal PAR-6 and PKC-3 are essential for larval development of C. elegans and organize non-centrosomal microtubules. eLife 2020; 9:e62067. [PMID: 33300872 PMCID: PMC7755398 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cortical polarity regulators PAR-6, PKC-3, and PAR-3 are essential for the polarization of a broad variety of cell types in multicellular animals. In C. elegans, the roles of the PAR proteins in embryonic development have been extensively studied, yet little is known about their functions during larval development. Using inducible protein degradation, we show that PAR-6 and PKC-3, but not PAR-3, are essential for postembryonic development. PAR-6 and PKC-3 are required in the epidermal epithelium for animal growth, molting, and the proper pattern of seam-cell divisions. Finally, we uncovered a novel role for PAR-6 in organizing non-centrosomal microtubule arrays in the epidermis. PAR-6 was required for the localization of the microtubule organizer NOCA-1/Ninein, and defects in a noca-1 mutant are highly similar to those caused by epidermal PAR-6 depletion. As NOCA-1 physically interacts with PAR-6, we propose that PAR-6 promotes non-centrosomal microtubule organization through localization of NOCA-1/Ninein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria G Castiglioni
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Helena R Pires
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Rodrigo Rosas Bertolini
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Amalia Riga
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Jana Kerver
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Mike Boxem
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands
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26
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Chen D, Xu W, Wang Y, Ye Y, Wang Y, Yu M, Gao J, Wei J, Dong Y, Zhang H, Fu X, Ma K, Wang H, Yang Z, Zhou J, Cheng W, Wang S, Chen J, Grant BD, Myers CL, Shi A, Xia T. Revealing Functional Crosstalk between Distinct Bioprocesses through Reciprocal Functional Tests of Genetically Interacting Genes. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2646-2658.e5. [PMID: 31775035 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To systematically explore the genes mediating functional crosstalk between metazoan biological processes, we apply comparative genetic interaction (GI) mapping in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Caenorhabditis elegans to generate an inter-bioprocess network consisting of 178 C. elegans GIs. The GI network spans six annotated biological processes including aging, intracellular transport, microtubule-based processes, cytokinesis, lipid metabolic processes, and anatomical structure development. By proposing a strategy called "reciprocal functional test" for interacting gene pairs, we discover a group of genes that mediate crosstalk between distinct biological processes. In particular, we identify the ribosomal S6 Kinase/RSKS-1, previously characterized as an mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) effector, as a regulator of DAF-2 endosomal recycling transport, which traces a functional correlation between endocytic recycling and aging processes. Together, our results provide an alternative and effective strategy for identifying genes and pathways that mediate crosstalk between bioprocesses with little prior knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yongshen Ye
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jielin Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiming Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhenrong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenqing Cheng
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Barth D Grant
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Chad L Myers
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 200 Union St., Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Tian Xia
- Department of Informatics Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Communications, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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27
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Toralova T, Kinterova V, Chmelikova E, Kanka J. The neglected part of early embryonic development: maternal protein degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3177-3194. [PMID: 32095869 PMCID: PMC11104927 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of maternally provided molecules is a very important process during early embryogenesis. However, the vast majority of studies deals with mRNA degradation and protein degradation is only a very little explored process yet. The aim of this article was to summarize current knowledge about the protein degradation during embryogenesis of mammals. In addition to resuming of known data concerning mammalian embryogenesis, we tried to fill the gaps in knowledge by comparison with facts known about protein degradation in early embryos of non-mammalian species. Maternal protein degradation seems to be driven by very strict rules in terms of specificity and timing. The degradation of some maternal proteins is certainly necessary for the normal course of embryonic genome activation (EGA) and several concrete proteins that need to be degraded before major EGA have been already found. Nevertheless, the most important period seems to take place even before preimplantation development-during oocyte maturation. The defects arisen during this period seems to be later irreparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Toralova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kinterova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Chmelikova
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kanka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Libechov, Czech Republic
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28
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Jing Z, Jia-Jun W, Wei-Jie Y. Phosphorylation of Dab2 is involved in inhibited VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling induced by downregulation of syndecan-1 in glomerular endothelial cell. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:894-904. [PMID: 31868265 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Disabled-2 (Dab2) and PAR-3 (partitioning defective 3) are reported to play critical roles in maintaining retinal microvascular endothelial cells biology by regulating VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling. The role of Dab2 and PAR-3 in glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) is unclear. In this study, we found that, no matter whether with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment or not, decreased expression of Dab2 could lead to cell apoptosis by preventing activation of VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling in GEnC, accompanied by reduced membrane VEGFR-2 expression. And silencing of PAR-3 gene expression caused increased apoptosis of GEnC by inhibiting activation of VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling and membrane VEGFR-2 expression. In our previous research, we found that the silencing of syndecan-1 gene expression inhibited VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling by modulating internalization of VEGFR-2. And our further research demonstrated that downregulation of syndecan-1 lead to no significant change in the expression of Dab2 and PAR-3 both at messenger RNA and protein levels in GEnC, while phosphorylation of Dab2 was significantly increased in GEnC transfected with Dab2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) compared with control siRNA. Atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) could induce phosphorylation of Dab2, thus negatively regulating VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling. And we found that decreased expression of syndecan-1 lead to activation of aPKC, and aPKC inhibitor treatment could block phosphorylation of Dab2 in GEnC. Besides, aPKC inhibitor treatment could activate VEGF-VGEFR-2 signaling in GEnC transfected with syndecan-1 siRNA in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we speculated that phosphorylation of Dab2 is involved in preventing activation of VEGF-VEGFR-2 signaling in GEnC transfected with syndecan-1 siRNA. This provides a new target for the therapy of GEnC injury and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Jing
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Jia-Jun
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wei-Jie
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 HaiNing Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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29
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Abstract
Using neXtProt release 2019-01-11, we manually curated a list of 1837 functionally uncharacterized human proteins. Using OrthoList 2, we found that 270 of them have homologues in Caenorhabditis elegans, including 60 with a one-to-one orthology relationship. According to annotations extracted from WormBase, the vast majority of these 60 worm genes have RNAi experimental data or mutant alleles, but manual inspection shows that only 15% have phenotypes that could be interpreted in terms of a specific function. One third of the worm orthologs have protein-protein interaction data, and two of these interactions are conserved in humans. The combination of phenotypic, protein-protein interaction, and gene expression data provides functional hypotheses for 8 uncharacterized human proteins. Experimental validation in human or orthologs is necessary before they can be considered for annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Duek
- CALIPHO Group , SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Lydie Lane
- CALIPHO Group , SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CMU , Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Geneva, CMU , Michel-Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
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30
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Quantitative proteomics reveals reduction of endocytic machinery components in gliomas. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:32-41. [PMID: 31331834 PMCID: PMC6711119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gliomas are the most frequent and aggressive malignancies of the central nervous system. Decades of molecular analyses have demonstrated that gliomas accumulate genetic alterations that culminate in enhanced activity of receptor tyrosine kinases and downstream mediators. While the genetic alterations, like gene amplification or loss, have been well characterized, little information exists about changes in the proteome of gliomas of different grades. Methods We performed unbiased quantitative proteomics of human glioma biopsies by mass spectrometry followed by bioinformatic analysis. Findings Various pathways were found to be up- or downregulated. In particular, endocytosis as pathway was affected by a vast and concomitant reduction of multiple machinery components involved in initiation, formation, and scission of endocytic carriers. Both clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis were changed, since not only clathrin, AP-2 adaptins, and endophilins were downregulated, but also dynamin that is shared by both pathways. The reduction of endocytic machinery components caused increased receptor cell surface levels, a prominent phenotype of defective endocytosis. Analysis of additional biopsies revealed that depletion of endocytic machinery components was a common trait of various glioma grades and subclasses. Interpretation We propose that impaired endocytosis creates a selective advantage in glioma tumor progression due to prolonged receptor tyrosine kinase signaling from the cell surface. Fund This work was supported by Grants 316030-164105 (to P. Jenö), 31003A-162643 (to M. Spiess) and PP00P3-176974 (to G. Hutter) from the Swiss National Science Foundation. Further funding was received by the Department of Surgery from the University Hospital Basel.
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31
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Bidaud-Meynard A, Nicolle O, Heck M, Le Cunff Y, Michaux G. A V0-ATPase-dependent apical trafficking pathway maintains the polarity of the intestinal absorptive membrane. Development 2019; 146:dev174508. [PMID: 31110027 PMCID: PMC7376742 DOI: 10.1242/dev.174508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestine function relies on the strong polarity of intestinal epithelial cells and the array of microvilli forming a brush border at their luminal pole. Combining a genetic RNA interference (RNAi) screen with in vivo super-resolution imaging in the Caenorhabditiselegans intestine, we found that the V0 sector of the vacuolar ATPase (V0-ATPase) controls a late apical trafficking step, involving Ras-related protein 11 (RAB-11)+ endosomes and the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor (SNARE) synaptosome-associated protein 29 (SNAP-29), and is necessary to maintain the polarized localization of both apical polarity modules and brush border proteins. We show that the V0-ATPase pathway also genetically interacts with glycosphingolipids and clathrin in enterocyte polarity maintenance. Finally, we demonstrate that silencing of the V0-ATPase fully recapitulates the severe structural, polarity and trafficking defects observed in enterocytes from individuals with microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) and use this new in vivo MVID model to follow the dynamics of microvillus inclusions. Thus, we describe a new function for V0-ATPase in apical trafficking and epithelial polarity maintenance and the promising use of the C. elegans intestine as an in vivo model to better understand the molecular mechanisms of rare genetic enteropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Bidaud-Meynard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ophélie Nicolle
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Markus Heck
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Yann Le Cunff
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Grégoire Michaux
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, F-35000 Rennes, France
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32
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Kim JD, Chun AY, Mangan RJ, Brown G, Mourao Pacheco B, Doyle H, Leonard A, El Bejjani R. A conserved retromer-independent function for RAB-6.2 in C. elegans epidermis integrity. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223586. [PMID: 30665892 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rab proteins are conserved small GTPases that coordinate intracellular trafficking essential to cellular function and homeostasis. RAB-6.2 is a highly conserved C. elegans ortholog of human RAB6 proteins. RAB-6.2 is expressed in most tissues in C. elegans and is known to function in neurons and in the intestine to mediate retrograde trafficking. Here, we show that RAB-6.2 is necessary for cuticle integrity and impermeability in C. elegans RAB-6.2 functions in the epidermis to instruct skin integrity. Significantly, we show that expression of a mouse RAB6A cDNA can rescue defects in C. elegans epidermis caused by lack of RAB-6.2, suggesting functional conservation across phyla. We also show that the novel function of RAB-6.2 in C. elegans cuticle development is distinct from its previously described function in neurons. Exocyst mutants partially phenocopy rab-6.2-null animals, and rab-6.2-null animals phenocopy mutants that have defective surface glycosylation. These results suggest that RAB-6.2 may mediate the trafficking of one or many secreted glycosylated cuticle proteins directly, or might act indirectly by trafficking glycosylation enzymes to their correct intracellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Kim
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Andy Y Chun
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Riley J Mangan
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - George Brown
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | | | - Hannah Doyle
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
| | - Austin Leonard
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, NC 28035, USA
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33
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Shitara A, Malec L, Ebrahim S, Chen D, Bleck C, Hoffman MP, Weigert R. Cdc42 negatively regulates endocytosis during apical membrane maintenance in live animals. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:324-332. [PMID: 30540520 PMCID: PMC6589572 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-10-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen establishment and maintenance are fundamental for tubular organs physiological functions. Most of the studies investigating the mechanisms regulating this process have been carried out in cell cultures or in smaller organisms, whereas little has been done in mammalian model systems in vivo. Here we used the salivary glands of live mice to examine the role of the small GTPase Cdc42 in the regulation of the homeostasis of the intercellular canaliculi, a specialized apical domain of the acinar cells, where protein and fluid secretion occur. Depletion of Cdc42 in adult mice induced a significant expansion of the apical canaliculi, whereas depletion at late embryonic stages resulted in a complete inhibition of their postnatal formation. In addition, intravital subcellular microscopy revealed that reduced levels of Cdc42 affected membrane trafficking from and toward the plasma membrane, highlighting a novel role for Cdc42 in membrane remodeling through the negative regulation of selected endocytic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shitara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lenka Malec
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Seham Ebrahim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Desu Chen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - Christopher Bleck
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthew P Hoffman
- Matrix and Morphogenesis Section, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Intracellular Membrane Trafficking Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Greening DW, Simpson RJ. Understanding extracellular vesicle diversity – current status. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:887-910. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1537788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Greening
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard J. Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University , Melbourne, Australia
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Multiple Mechanisms Inactivate the LIN-41 RNA-Binding Protein To Ensure a Robust Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2018; 210:1011-1037. [PMID: 30206186 PMCID: PMC6218228 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the conserved LIN-41 RNA-binding protein is a translational repressor that coordinately controls oocyte growth and meiotic maturation. LIN-41 exerts these effects, at least in part, by preventing the premature activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDK-1. Here we investigate the mechanism by which LIN-41 is rapidly eliminated upon the onset of meiotic maturation. Elimination of LIN-41 requires the activities of CDK-1 and multiple SCF (Skp1, Cul1, and F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase subunits, including the conserved substrate adaptor protein SEL-10/Fbw7/Cdc4, suggesting that LIN-41 is a target of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Within the LIN-41 protein, two nonoverlapping regions, Deg-A and Deg-B, are individually necessary for LIN-41 degradation; both contain several potential phosphodegron sequences, and at least one of these sequences is required for LIN-41 degradation. Finally, Deg-A and Deg-B are sufficient, in combination, to mediate SEL-10-dependent degradation when transplanted into a different oocyte protein. Although LIN-41 is a potent inhibitor of protein translation and M phase entry, the failure to eliminate LIN-41 from early embryos does not result in the continued translational repression of LIN-41 oocyte messenger RNA targets. Based on these observations, we propose a model for the elimination of LIN-41 by the SEL-10 E3 ubiquitin ligase and suggest that LIN-41 is inactivated before it is degraded. Furthermore, we provide evidence that another RNA-binding protein, the GLD-1 tumor suppressor, is regulated similarly. Redundant mechanisms to extinguish translational repression by RNA-binding proteins may both control and provide robustness to irreversible developmental transitions, including meiotic maturation and the oocyte-to-embryo transition.
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OrthoList 2: A New Comparative Genomic Analysis of Human and Caenorhabditis elegans Genes. Genetics 2018; 210:445-461. [PMID: 30120140 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OrthoList, a compendium of Caenorhabditis elegans genes with human orthologs compiled in 2011 by a meta-analysis of four orthology-prediction methods, has been a popular tool for identifying conserved genes for research into biological and disease mechanisms. However, the efficacy of orthology prediction depends on the accuracy of gene-model predictions, an ongoing process, and orthology-prediction algorithms have also been updated over time. Here we present OrthoList 2 (OL2), a new comparative genomic analysis between C. elegans and humans, and the first assessment of how changes over time affect the landscape of predicted orthologs between two species. Although we find that updates to the orthology-prediction methods significantly changed the landscape of C. elegans-human orthologs predicted by individual programs and-unexpectedly-reduced agreement among them, we also show that our meta-analysis approach "buffered" against changes in gene content. We show that adding results from more programs did not lead to many additions to the list and discuss reasons to avoid assigning "scores" based on support by individual orthology-prediction programs; the treatment of "legacy" genes no longer predicted by these programs; and the practical difficulties of updating due to encountering deprecated, changed, or retired gene identifiers. In addition, we consider what other criteria may support claims of orthology and alternative approaches to find potential orthologs that elude identification by these programs. Finally, we created a new web-based tool that allows for rapid searches of OL2 by gene identifiers, protein domains [InterPro and SMART (Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool], or human disease associations ([OMIM (Online Mendelian Inheritence in Man], and also includes available RNA-interference resources to facilitate potential translational cross-species studies.
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Tharp KM, Weaver VM. Modeling Tissue Polarity in Context. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3613-3628. [PMID: 30055167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polarity is critical for development and tissue-specific function. However, the acquisition and maintenance of tissue polarity is context dependent. Thus, cell and tissue polarity depend on cell adhesion which is regulated by the cytoskeleton and influenced by the biochemical composition of the extracellular microenvironment and modified by biomechanical cues within the tissue. These biomechanical cues include fluid flow induced shear stresses, cell-density and confinement-mediated compression, and cellular actomyosin tension intrinsic to the tissue or induced in response to morphogens or extracellular matrix stiffness. Here, we discuss how extracellular matrix stiffness and fluid flow influence cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion and alter cytoskeletal organization to modulate cell and tissue polarity. We describe model systems that when combined with state of the art molecular screens and high-resolution imaging can be used to investigate how force modulates cell and tissue polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Tharp
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Kadekar P, Chaouni R, Clark E, Kazanets A, Roy R. Genome-wide surveys reveal polarity and cytoskeletal regulators mediate LKB1-associated germline stem cell quiescence. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:462. [PMID: 29907081 PMCID: PMC6003023 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Caenorhabditis elegans can endure long periods of environmental stress by altering their development to execute a quiescent state called “dauer”. Previous work has implicated LKB1 - the causative gene in the autosomal dominant, cancer pre-disposing disease called Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome (PJS), and its downstream target AMPK, in the establishment of germline stem cell (GSC) quiescence during the dauer stage. Loss of function mutations in both LKB1/par-4 and AMPK/aak(0) result in untimely GSC proliferation during the onset of the dauer stage, although the molecular mechanism through which these factors regulate quiescence remains unclear. Curiously, the hyperplasia observed in par-4 mutants is more severe than AMPK-compromised dauer larvae, suggesting that par-4 has alternative downstream targets in addition to AMPK to regulate germline quiescence. Results We conducted three genome-wide RNAi screens to identify potential downstream targets of the protein kinases PAR-4 and AMPK that mediate dauer-dependent GSC quiescence. First, we screened to identify genes that phenocopy the par-4-dependent hyperplasia when compromised by RNAi. Two additional RNAi screens were performed to identify genes that suppressed the germline hyperplasia in par-4 and aak(0) dauer larvae, respectively. Interestingly, a subset of the candidates we identified are involved in the regulation of cell polarity and cytoskeletal function downstream of par-4, in an AMPK-independent manner. Moreover, we show that par-4 temporally regulates actin cytoskeletal organization within the dauer germ line at the rachis-adjacent membrane, in an AMPK-independent manner. Conclusion Our data suggest that the regulation of the cytoskeleton and cell polarity may contribute significantly to the tumour suppressor function of LKB1/par-4. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4847-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kadekar
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Rita Chaouni
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Emily Clark
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Anna Kazanets
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Richard Roy
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada.
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Liu C, Ma Y, Shang Y, Huo R, Li W. Post-translational regulation of the maternal-to-zygotic transition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1707-1722. [PMID: 29427077 PMCID: PMC11105290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is essential for the developmental control handed from maternal products to newly synthesized zygotic genome in the earliest stages of embryogenesis, including maternal component (mRNAs and proteins) degradation and zygotic genome activation (ZGA). Various protein post-translational modifications have been identified during the MZT, such as phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitination. Precise post-translational regulation mechanisms are essential for the timely transition of early embryonic development. In this review, we summarize recent progress regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying post-translational regulation of maternal component degradation and ZGA during the MZT and discuss some important issues in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Haerbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
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Saegusa K, Sato M, Morooka N, Hara T, Sato K. SFT-4/Surf4 control ER export of soluble cargo proteins and participate in ER exit site organization. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2073-2085. [PMID: 29643117 PMCID: PMC5987718 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saegusa et al. report that the SFT-4/Surf4 cargo receptor homologs mediate export of soluble proteins such as lipoproteins from the ER. Efficient export of yolk proteins in C. elegans intestinal cells, or apoliprotein trafficking in human hepatocytes, requires SFT-4/Surf4 so that they may enhance secretion by maintaining ER exit site organization. Lipoproteins regulate the overall lipid homeostasis in animals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying lipoprotein trafficking remain poorly understood. Here, we show that SFT-4, a Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of the yeast Erv29p, is essential for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export of the yolk protein VIT-2, which is synthesized as a lipoprotein complex. SFT-4 loss strongly inhibits the ER exit of yolk proteins and certain soluble cargo proteins in intestinal cells. SFT-4 predominantly localizes at ER exit sites (ERES) and physically interacts with VIT-2 in vivo, which suggests that SFT-4 promotes the ER export of soluble proteins as a cargo receptor. Notably, Surf4, a mammalian SFT-4 homologue, physically interacts with apolipoprotein B, a very-low-density lipoprotein core protein, and its loss causes ER accumulation of apolipoprotein B in human hepatic HepG2 cells. Interestingly, loss of SFT-4 and Surf4 reduced the number of COPII-positive ERES. Thus, SFT-4 and Surf4 regulate the export of soluble proteins, including lipoproteins, from the ER and participate in ERES organization in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Saegusa
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Nobukatsu Morooka
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Taichi Hara
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
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Abstract
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDPK) are nucleotide metabolism enzymes encoded by NME genes (also called NM23). Given the fact that not all NME-encoded proteins are catalytically active NDPKs and that NM23 generally refers to clinical studies on metastasis, we use here NME/NDPK to denote the proteins. Since their discovery in the 1950's, NMEs/NDPKs have been shown to be involved in multiple physiological and pathological cellular processes, but the molecular mechanisms have not been fully determined. Recent progress in elucidating these underlying mechanisms has been presented by experts in the field at the 10th International Congress on the NDPK/NME/AWD protein family in October 2016 in Dubrovnik, Croatia, and is summarized in review articles or original research in this and an upcoming issue of Laboratory Investigation. Within this editorial, we discuss three major cellular processes that involve members of the multi-functional NME/NDPK family: (i) cancer and metastasis dissemination, (ii) membrane remodeling and nucleotide channeling, and iii) protein histidine phosphorylation.
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42
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Sun M, Zhang H. Par3 and aPKC regulate BACE1 endosome-to-TGN trafficking through PACS1. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 60:129-140. [PMID: 28946017 PMCID: PMC5653456 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the rate-limiting step in beta amyloid generation during Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In AD brains, BACE1 is abnormally accumulated in endocytic compartments, where the acidic pH is optimal for its activity. However, mechanisms regulating the endosome-to-trans-Golgi network (TGN) retrieval of BACE1 remain unclear. Here, we show that partitioning defective 3 (Par3) facilitates BACE1 retrograde trafficking from endosomes to the TGN. Par3 functions through aPKC-mediated phosphorylation of BACE1 on Ser498, which in turn promotes the interaction between BACE1 and phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 and facilitates the retrograde trafficking of BACE1 to the TGN. In human AD brains, there is a significant decrease in Ser498 phosphorylation of BACE1 suggesting that defective phosphorylation-dependent retrograde transport of BACE1 is important in AD pathogenesis. Together, our studies provide mechanistic insight into a novel role for Par3 and aPKC in regulating the retrograde endosome-to-TGN trafficking of BACE1 and shed light on the mechanisms of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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Liu H, Wang S, Hang W, Gao J, Zhang W, Cheng Z, Yang C, He J, Zhou J, Chen J, Shi A. LET-413/Erbin acts as a RAB-5 effector to promote RAB-10 activation during endocytic recycling. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:299-314. [PMID: 29079669 PMCID: PMC5748983 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RAB-10 is a master regulator of endocytic recycling in polarized epithelial cells. Liu et al. identify LET-413, the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of Scrib/Erbin, as a RAB-5 effector that is required for the DENN-4–mediated activation of RAB-10 and the control of membrane expansion in the C. elegans intestine. RAB-10/Rab10 is a master regulator of endocytic recycling in epithelial cells. To better understand the regulation of RAB-10 activity, we sought to identify RAB-10(GDP)–interacting proteins. One novel RAB-10(GDP)–binding partner that we identified, LET-413, is the Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Scrib/Erbin. Here, we focus on the mechanistic role of LET-413 in the regulation of RAB-10 within the C. elegans intestine. We show that LET-413 is a RAB-5 effector and colocalizes with RAB-10 on endosomes, and the overlap of LET-413 with RAB-10 is RAB-5 dependent. Notably, LET-413 enhances the interaction of DENN-4 with RAB-10(GDP) and promotes DENN-4 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity toward RAB-10. Loss of LET-413 leads to cytosolic dispersion of the RAB-10 effectors TBC-2 and CNT-1. Finally, we demonstrate that the loss of RAB-10 or LET-413 results in abnormal overextensions of lateral membrane. Hence, our studies indicate that LET-413 is required for DENN-4–mediated RAB-10 activation, and the LET-413–assisted RAB-5 to RAB-10 cascade contributes to the integrity of C. elegans intestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinghu Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zihang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anbing Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China .,Institute for Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurological Disease of National Education Ministry, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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44
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Palmisano NJ, Rosario N, Wysocki M, Hong M, Grant B, Meléndez A. The recycling endosome protein RAB-10 promotes autophagic flux and localization of the transmembrane protein ATG-9. Autophagy 2017; 13:1742-1753. [PMID: 28872980 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1356976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy involves the formation of an autophagosome, a double-membrane vesicle that delivers sequestered cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. Closely related, endocytosis mediates the sorting and transport of cargo throughout the cell, and both processes are important for cellular homeostasis. However, how endocytic proteins functionally intersect with autophagy is not clear. Mutations in the DAF-2/insulin-like IGF-1 (INSR) receptor at the permissive temperature result in a small increase in GFP::LGG-1 foci, i.e. autophagosomes, but a large increase at the nonpermissive temperature, allowing us to control the level of autophagy. In a RNAi screen for endocytic genes that alter the expression of GFP::LGG-1 in daf-2 mutants, we identified RAB-10, a small GTPase that regulates basolateral endocytosis. Loss of rab-10 in daf-2 mutants results in more GFP::LGG-1-positive foci at the permissive, but less GFP::LGG-1 or SQST-1::GFP foci at the nonpermissive temperature. As previously reported, loss of rab-10 alone resulted in an increase of GFP:LGG-1 foci. Exposure of rab-10 mutant animals to chloroquine, a known inhibitor of autophagic flux, failed to increase the number of GFP::LGG-1 foci. Moreover, colocalization between LMP-1::tagRFP and GFP::LGG-1 (the lysosome and autophagosome reporters) was decreased in daf-2; rab-10 dauers at the nonpermissive temperature. Intriguingly, RAB-10 was required to maintain the normal size of GFP::ATG-9-positive structures in daf-2 mutants at both the permissive and nonpermissive temperature. Finally, we found that RAB-10 GTPase cycling was required to control the size of GFP::ATG-9 foci. Collectively, our data support a model where rab-10 controls autophagic flux by regulating autophagosome formation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Palmisano
- a Biology Department, Queens College, CUNY , Flushing , NY , USA.,b Biology and Biochemistry Ph.D. Programs , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , NY , USA
| | - N Rosario
- a Biology Department, Queens College, CUNY , Flushing , NY , USA
| | - M Wysocki
- a Biology Department, Queens College, CUNY , Flushing , NY , USA
| | - M Hong
- a Biology Department, Queens College, CUNY , Flushing , NY , USA
| | - B Grant
- c Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry , Rutgers University , Piscataway , NJ , USA
| | - A Meléndez
- a Biology Department, Queens College, CUNY , Flushing , NY , USA.,b Biology and Biochemistry Ph.D. Programs , The Graduate Center of the City University of New York , NY , USA
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Inter-organ signalling by HRG-7 promotes systemic haem homeostasis. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:799-807. [PMID: 28581477 PMCID: PMC5594749 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Zala D, Schlattner U, Desvignes T, Bobe J, Roux A, Chavrier P, Boissan M. The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:724. [PMID: 28663786 PMCID: PMC5473427 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11561.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5'-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised 'microcompartments', where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover, i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zala
- ESPCI - Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR8249, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), U1055, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38058, France.,Inserm-U1055, Grenoble, F-38058, France
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, Paris, F-75248, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR144, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hospital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Paris, F-75020, France
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Zala D, Schlattner U, Desvignes T, Bobe J, Roux A, Chavrier P, Boissan M. The advantage of channeling nucleotides for very processive functions. F1000Res 2017; 6:724. [PMID: 28663786 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11561.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)s, like ATP (adenosine 5'-triphosphate) and GTP (guanosine 5'-triphosphate), have long been considered sufficiently concentrated and diffusible to fuel all cellular ATPases (adenosine triphosphatases) and GTPases (guanosine triphosphatases) in an energetically healthy cell without becoming limiting for function. However, increasing evidence for the importance of local ATP and GTP pools, synthesised in close proximity to ATP- or GTP-consuming reactions, has fundamentally challenged our view of energy metabolism. It has become evident that cellular energy metabolism occurs in many specialised 'microcompartments', where energy in the form of NTPs is transferred preferentially from NTP-generating modules directly to NTP-consuming modules. Such energy channeling occurs when diffusion through the cytosol is limited, where these modules are physically close and, in particular, if the NTP-consuming reaction has a very high turnover, i.e. is very processive. Here, we summarise the evidence for these conclusions and describe new insights into the physiological importance and molecular mechanisms of energy channeling gained from recent studies. In particular, we describe the role of glycolytic enzymes for axonal vesicle transport and nucleoside diphosphate kinases for the functions of dynamins and dynamin-related GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zala
- ESPCI - Paris, PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR8249, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Uwe Schlattner
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and SFR Environmental and Systems Biology (BEeSy), U1055, University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, 38058, France.,Inserm-U1055, Grenoble, F-38058, France
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97401, USA
| | - Julien Bobe
- INRA, UR1037 LPGP, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Aurélien Roux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre for Competence in Research Programme Chemical Biology, Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Institut Curie, Paris, F-75248, France.,PSL Research University, Paris, F-75005, France.,CNRS, UMR144, Paris, F-75248, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS938, Saint-Antoine Research Center, Paris, F-75012, France.,AP-HP, Hospital Tenon, Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Paris, F-75020, France
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Pal S, Lant B, Yu B, Tian R, Tong J, Krieger JR, Moran MF, Gingras AC, Derry WB. CCM-3 Promotes C. elegans Germline Development by Regulating Vesicle Trafficking Cytokinesis and Polarity. Curr Biol 2017; 27:868-876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Brüser L, Bogdan S. Adherens Junctions on the Move-Membrane Trafficking of E-Cadherin. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a029140. [PMID: 28096264 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-based adherens junctions are conserved structures that mediate epithelial cell-cell adhesion in invertebrates and vertebrates. Despite their pivotal function in epithelial integrity, adherens junctions show a remarkable plasticity that is a prerequisite for tissue architecture and morphogenesis. Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is continuously turned over and undergoes cycles of endocytosis, sorting and recycling back to the plasma membrane. Mammalian cell culture and genetically tractable model systems such as Drosophila have revealed conserved, but also distinct, mechanisms in the regulation of E-cadherin membrane trafficking. Here, we discuss our current knowledge about molecules and mechanisms controlling endocytosis, sorting and recycling of E-cadherin during junctional remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Brüser
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, Badestraße 9, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Institut für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie, Abteilung Molekulare Zellphysiologie, Phillips-Universität Marburg, Emil-Mannkopff-Straße 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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The Caenorhabditis elegans Excretory System: A Model for Tubulogenesis, Cell Fate Specification, and Plasticity. Genetics 2017; 203:35-63. [PMID: 27183565 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.189357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The excretory system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a superb model of tubular organogenesis involving a minimum of cells. The system consists of just three unicellular tubes (canal, duct, and pore), a secretory gland, and two associated neurons. Just as in more complex organs, cells of the excretory system must first adopt specific identities and then coordinate diverse processes to form tubes of appropriate topology, shape, connectivity, and physiological function. The unicellular topology of excretory tubes, their varied and sometimes complex shapes, and the dynamic reprogramming of cell identity and remodeling of tube connectivity that occur during larval development are particularly fascinating features of this organ. The physiological roles of the excretory system in osmoregulation and other aspects of the animal's life cycle are only beginning to be explored. The cellular mechanisms and molecular pathways used to build and shape excretory tubes appear similar to those used in both unicellular and multicellular tubes in more complex organs, such as the vertebrate vascular system and kidney, making this simple organ system a useful model for understanding disease processes.
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