1
|
Wang J, Barr MM, Wehman AM. Extracellular vesicles. Genetics 2024:iyae088. [PMID: 38884207 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) encompass a diverse array of membrane-bound organelles released outside cells in response to developmental and physiological cell needs. EVs play important roles in remodeling the shape and content of differentiating cells and can rescue damaged cells from toxic or dysfunctional content. EVs can send signals and transfer metabolites between tissues and organisms to regulate development, respond to stress or tissue damage, or alter mating behaviors. While many EV functions have been uncovered by characterizing ex vivo EVs isolated from body fluids and cultured cells, research using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has provided insights into the in vivo functions, biogenesis, and uptake pathways. The C. elegans EV field has also developed methods to analyze endogenous EVs within the organismal context of development and adult physiology in free-living, behaving animals. In this review, we summarize major themes that have emerged for C. elegans EVs and their relevance to human health and disease. We also highlight the diversity of biogenesis mechanisms, locations, and functions of worm EVs and discuss open questions and unexplored topics tenable in C. elegans, given the nematode model is ideal for light and electron microscopy, genetic screens, genome engineering, and high-throughput omics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Maureen M Barr
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ann M Wehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma Y, Jiang T, Zhu X, Xu Y, Wan K, Zhang T, Xie M. Efferocytosis in dendritic cells: an overlooked immunoregulatory process. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1415573. [PMID: 38835772 PMCID: PMC11148234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the process of engulfing and removing apoptotic cells, plays an essential role in preserving tissue health and averting undue inflammation. While macrophages are primarily known for this task, dendritic cells (DCs) also play a significant role. This review delves into the unique contributions of various DC subsets to efferocytosis, highlighting the distinctions in how DCs and macrophages recognize and handle apoptotic cells. It further explores how efferocytosis influences DC maturation, thereby affecting immune tolerance. This underscores the pivotal role of DCs in orchestrating immune responses and sustaining immune equilibrium, providing new insights into their function in immune regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Ma
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangxing Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhou Xu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxuan Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Miaorong Xie
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sakurai C, Yamashita N, Azuma K, Hatsuzawa K. VAMP5 promotes Fcγ receptor-mediated phagocytosis and regulates phagosome maturation in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar44. [PMID: 38265888 PMCID: PMC10916865 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-04-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagosome formation and maturation reportedly occur via sequential membrane fusion events mediated by synaptosomal-associated protein of 23 kDa (SNAP23), a plasma membrane-localized soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) family. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 5 (VAMP5), also a plasmalemma SNARE, interacts with SNAP23; however, its precise function in phagocytosis in macrophages remains elusive. To elucidate this aspect, we investigated the characteristics of macrophages in the presence of VAMP5 overexpression or knockdown and found that VAMP5 participates in Fcγ receptor-mediated phagosome formation, although not directly in phagosome maturation. Overexpressed VAMP5 was localized to the early phagosomal membrane but no longer localized to the lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1-positive maturing phagosomal membrane. Analyses using compound-based selective inhibitors demonstrated that VAMP5 dissociation from early phagosomes occurs in a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent manner and is indispensable for SNAP23 function in subsequent membrane fusion during phagosome maturation. Accordingly, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate, for the first time, that VAMP5 exerts an immunologically critical function during phagosome formation and maturation via SNARE-based membrane trafficking in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiye Sakurai
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Natsumi Yamashita
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kento Azuma
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Hatsuzawa
- Division of Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yarychkivska O, Sharmin R, Elkhalil A, Ghose P. Apoptosis and beyond: A new era for programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:14-22. [PMID: 36792437 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for normal development and homeostasis. Our first insights into the genetic regulation of apoptotic cell death came from in vivo studies in the powerful genetic model system of C. elegans. More recently, novel developmental cell death programs occurring both embryonically and post-embryonically, and sex-specifically, have been elucidated. Recent studies in the apoptotic setting have also shed new light on the intricacies of phagocytosis in particular. This review provides a brief historical perspective of the origins of PCD studies in C. elegans, followed by a more detailed description of non-canonical apoptotic and non-apoptotic death programs. We conclude by posing open questions and commenting on our outlook on the future of PCD studies in C. elegans, highlighting the importance of advanced imaging tools and the continued leveraging of C. elegans genetics both with classical and modern cutting-edge approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piya Ghose
- The University of Texas at Arlington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu J, Yang OJ, Soderblom EJ, Yan D. Heat Shock Proteins Function as Signaling Molecules to Mediate Neuron-Glia Communication During Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576052. [PMID: 38293019 PMCID: PMC10827141 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The nervous system is primarily composed of neurons and glia, and the communication between them plays profound roles in regulating the development and function of the brain. Neuron-glia signal transduction is known to be mediated by secreted or juxtacrine signals through ligand-receptor interactions on the cell membrane. Here, we report a novel mechanism for neuron-glia signal transduction, wherein neurons transmit proteins to glia through extracellular vesicles, activating glial signaling pathways. We find that in the amphid sensory organ of Caenorhabditis elegans, different sensory neurons exhibit varying aging rates. This discrepancy in aging is governed by the crosstalk between neurons and glia. We demonstrate that early-aged neurons can transmit heat shock proteins (HSP) to glia via extracellular vesicles. These neuronal HSPs activate the IRE1-XBP1 pathway, further increasing their expression in glia, forming a positive feedback loop. Ultimately, the activation of the IRE1-XBP-1 pathway leads to the transcriptional regulation of chondroitin synthases to protect glia-embedded neurons from aging-associated functional decline. Therefore, our studies unveil a novel mechanism for neuron-glia communication in the nervous system and provide new insights into our understanding of brain aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Olivia Jiaming Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Department of Neurobiology, Regeneration next, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Wakelam MJO, Bankaitis VA, McDermott MI. The wide world of non-mammalian phospholipase D enzymes. Adv Biol Regul 2024; 91:101000. [PMID: 38081756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyses phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) to produce free choline and the critically important lipid signaling molecule phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Since the initial discovery of PLD activities in plants and bacteria, PLDs have been identified in a diverse range of organisms spanning the taxa. While widespread interest in these proteins grew following the discovery of mammalian isoforms, research into the PLDs of non-mammalian organisms has revealed a fascinating array of functions ranging from roles in microbial pathogenesis, to the stress responses of plants and the developmental patterning of flies. Furthermore, studies in non-mammalian model systems have aided our understanding of the entire PLD superfamily, with translational relevance to human biology and health. Increasingly, the promise for utilization of non-mammalian PLDs in biotechnology is also being recognized, with widespread potential applications ranging from roles in lipid synthesis, to their exploitation for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98109, USA
| | - M J O Wakelam
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - V A Bankaitis
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - M I McDermott
- Department of Cell Biology & Genetics, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li X, Jiang Y, Liu X, Fu J, Du J, Luo Z, Xu J, Bhawal UK, Liu Y, Guo L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic bodies alleviate alveolar bone destruction by regulating osteoclast differentiation and function. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:51. [PMID: 38040672 PMCID: PMC10692139 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is caused by overactive osteoclast activity that results in the loss of periodontal supporting tissue and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are essential for periodontal regeneration. However, the hypoxic periodontal microenvironment during periodontitis induces the apoptosis of MSCs. Apoptotic bodies (ABs) are the major product of apoptotic cells and have been attracting increased attention as potential mediators for periodontitis treatment, thus we investigated the effects of ABs derived from MSCs on periodontitis. MSCs were derived from bone marrows of mice and were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 72 h, after which ABs were isolated from the culture supernatant using a multi-filtration system. The results demonstrate that ABs derived from MSCs inhibited osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone resorption. miRNA array analysis showed that miR-223-3p is highly enriched in those ABs and is critical for their therapeutic effects. Targetscan and luciferase activity results confirmed that Itgb1 is targeted by miR-223-3p, which interferes with the function of osteoclasts. Additionally, DC-STAMP is a key regulator that mediates membrane infusion. ABs and pre-osteoclasts expressed high levels of DC-STAMP on their membranes, which mediates the engulfment of ABs by pre-osteoclasts. ABs with knock-down of DC-STAMP failed to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts. Collectively, MSC-derived ABs are targeted to be engulfed by pre-osteoclasts via DC-STAMP, which rescued alveolar bone loss by transferring miR-223-3p to osteoclasts, which in turn led to the attenuation of their differentiation and bone resorption. These results suggest that MSC-derived ABs are promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of periodontitis.
Collapse
Grants
- National Key R&D Program of China (Grant NO. 2022YFC2504200), the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81991504 and 81974149), the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (ZYLX202121), Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (CXTD202202), the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Ascent Plan (DFL20181501)
- National Nature Science Foundation of China (82201052), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (QML20231505), the Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program (NO. YSP202103)
- Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (QML20181501), Innovation Foundation of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (21-09-18)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingfei Fu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan.
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yu Y, Zhang Z, Yu Y. Timing of Phagosome Maturation Depends on Their Transport Switching from Actin to Microtubule Tracks. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9312-9322. [PMID: 37871280 PMCID: PMC10759163 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Phagosomes, specialized membrane compartments responsible for digesting internalized pathogens, undergo sequential dynamic and biochemical changes as they mature from nascent phagosomes to degradative phagolysosomes. Maturation of phagosomes depends on their transport along actin filaments and microtubules. However, the specific quantitative relationship between the biochemical transformation and transport dynamics remains poorly characterized. The autonomous nature of phagosomes, moving and maturing at different rates, makes understanding this relationship challenging. Addressing this challenge, in this study we engineered particle sensors to image and quantify single phagosomes' maturation. We found that as phagosomes move from the actin cortex to microtubule tracks, the timing of their actin-to-microtubule transition governs the duration of the early phagosome stage before acquiring degradative capacities. Prolonged entrapment of phagosomes in the actin cortex extends the early phagosome stage by delaying the dissociation of early endosome markers and phagosome acidification. Conversely, a shortened transition from actin- to microtubule-based movements causes the opposite effect on phagosome maturation. These results suggest that the actin- and microtubule-based transport of phagosomes functions like a "clock" to coordinate the timing of biochemical events during phagosome maturation, which is crucial for effective pathogen degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Zihan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cooper KN, Potempa J, Bagaitkar J. Dying for a cause: The pathogenic manipulation of cell death and efferocytic pathways. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023:10.1111/omi.12436. [PMID: 37786286 PMCID: PMC10985052 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell death is a natural consequence of infection. However, although the induction of cell death was solely thought to benefit the pathogen, compelling data now show that the activation of cell death pathways serves as a nuanced antimicrobial strategy that couples pathogen elimination with the generation of inflammatory cytokines and the priming of innate and adaptive cellular immunity. Following cell death, the phagocytic uptake of the infected dead cell by antigen-presenting cells and the subsequent lysosomal fusion of the apoptotic body containing the pathogen serve as an important antimicrobial mechanism that furthers the development of downstream adaptive immune responses. Despite the complexity of regulated cell death pathways, pathogens are highly adept at evading them. Here, we provide an overview of the remarkable diversity of cell death and efferocytic pathways and discuss illustrative examples of virulence strategies employed by pathogens, including oral pathogens, to counter their activation and persist within the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelley N Cooper
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heron R, Amato C, Wood W, Davidson AJ. Understanding the diversity and dynamics of in vivo efferocytosis: Insights from the fly embryo. Immunol Rev 2023; 319:27-44. [PMID: 37589239 PMCID: PMC10952863 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The clearance of dead and dying cells, termed efferocytosis, is a rapid and efficient process and one that is critical for organismal health. The extraordinary speed and efficiency with which dead cells are detected and engulfed by immune cells within tissues presents a challenge to researchers who wish to unravel this fascinating process, since these fleeting moments of uptake are almost impossible to catch in vivo. In recent years, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) embryo has emerged as a powerful model to circumvent this problem. With its abundance of dying cells, specialist phagocytes and relative ease of live imaging, the humble fly embryo provides a unique opportunity to catch and study the moment of cell engulfment in real-time within a living animal. In this review, we explore the recent advances that have come from studies in the fly, and how live imaging and genetics have revealed a previously unappreciated level of diversity in the efferocytic program. A variety of efferocytic strategies across the phagocytic cell population ensure efficient and rapid clearance of corpses wherever death is encountered within the varied and complex setting of a multicellular living organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Heron
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Clelia Amato
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Will Wood
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Andrew J. Davidson
- Institute for Regeneration and RepairUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- School of Cancer SciencesWolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nishihara K, van Niekerk J, He Z, Innes D, Guan LL, Steele M. Reduction in mucosa thickness is associated with changes in immune function in the colon mucosa during the weaning transition in Holstein bull dairy calves. Genomics 2023; 115:110680. [PMID: 37454938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize changes in the structure and the molecules related to immune function in the colon mucosa in dairy calves during the weaning transition (weaned at week 6 of age). Colon mucosa thickness, measured at week 5 to 8 and 12 of age, decreased for 2 weeks after weaning, but then recovered. Colon mucosa's transcriptome profiling at week 5, 7, and 12 of age was obtained using RNA-sequencing. Functional analysis showed that pathways related to immune function were up-regulated postweaning. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 17 immune function related genes, expressed higher postweaning, which were negatively correlated with colon mucosa thickness, suggesting that these genes may be involved in colon mucosa inflammation and recovery from mucosa thickness decrement during the weaning transition. As such, it is important to determine the function of immune cells in the colon mucosa during the weaning transition in dairy calves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koki Nishihara
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Jolet van Niekerk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Zhixiong He
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - David Innes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Michael Steele
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 1Y2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Moon B, Yang S, Moon H, Lee J, Park D. After cell death: the molecular machinery of efferocytosis. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1644-1651. [PMID: 37612408 PMCID: PMC10474042 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells constituting a multicellular organism die in a variety of ways throughout life, and most of them die via apoptosis under normal conditions. The occurrence of apoptosis is especially prevalent during development and in tissues with a high cellular turnover rate, such as the thymus and bone marrow. Interestingly, although the number of apoptotic cells produced daily is known to be innumerable in a healthy adult human body, apoptotic cells are rarely observed. This absence is due to the existence of a cellular process called efferocytosis that efficiently clears apoptotic cells. Studies over the past decades have focused on how phagocytes are able to remove apoptotic cells specifically, swiftly, and continuously, resulting in defined molecular and cellular events. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the clearance of apoptotic cells at the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeongjin Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Susumin Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Hyunji Moon
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
| | - Daeho Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
- Cell Mechanobiology Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Zhang J, Zhou H, Lu YC, Jin X, Luo L, You J. The role of protein corona on nanodrugs for organ-targeting and its prospects of application. J Control Release 2023; 360:15-43. [PMID: 37328008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanodrugs become a hotspot in the high-end medical field. They have the ability to deliver drugs to reach their destination more effectively due to their unique properties and flexible functionalization. However, the fate of nanodrugs in vivo is not the same as those presented in vitro, which indeed influenced their therapeutic efficacy in vivo. When entering the biological organism, nanodrugs will first come into contact with biological fluids and then be covered by some biomacromolecules, especially proteins. The proteins adsorbed on the surface of nanodrugs are known as protein corona (PC), which causes the loss of prospective organ-targeting abilities. Fortunately, the reasonable utilization of PC may determine the organ-targeting efficiency of systemically administered nanodrugs based on the diverse expression of receptors on cells in different organs. In addition, the nanodrugs for local administration targeting diverse lesion sites will also form unique PC, which plays an important role in the therapeutic effect of nanodrugs. This article introduced the formation of PC on the surface of nanodrugs and summarized the recent studies about the roles of diversified proteins adsorbed on nanodrugs and relevant protein for organ-targeting receptor through different administration pathways, which may deepen our understanding of the role that PC played on organ-targeting and improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanodrugs to promote their clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Yi Chao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xizhi Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang QA, Ma S, Li P, Xie J. The dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis phagosome and the fate of infection. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110715. [PMID: 37192679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phagosomes are vesicles produced by phagocytosis of phagocytes, which are crucial in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. After the phagocyte ingests the pathogen, it activates the phagosomes to recruit a series of components and process proteins, to phagocytose, degrade and kill Mtb. Meanwhile, Mtb can resist acid and oxidative stress, block phagosome maturation, and manipulate host immune response. The interaction between Mtb and phagocytes leads to the outcome of infection. The dynamic of this process can affect the cell fate. This article mainly reviews the development and maturation of phagosomes, as well as the dynamics and modifications of Mtb effectors and phagosomes components, and new diagnostic and therapeutic markers involved in phagosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaying Ma
- Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing the Fourth Hospital, Jiankang Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Peibo Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Friebel J, Schinnerling K, Weigt K, Heldt C, Fromm A, Bojarski C, Siegmund B, Epple HJ, Kikhney J, Moter A, Schneider T, Schulzke JD, Moos V, Schumann M. Uptake of Tropheryma whipplei by Intestinal Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076197. [PMID: 37047170 PMCID: PMC10094206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tropheryma whipplei (TW) can cause different pathologies, e.g., Whipple’s disease and transient gastroenteritis. The mechanism by which the bacteria pass the intestinal epithelial barrier, and the mechanism of TW-induced gastroenteritis are currently unknown. Methods: Using ex vivo disease models comprising human duodenal mucosa exposed to TW in Ussing chambers, various intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) cultures exposed to TW and a macrophage/IEC coculture model served to characterize endocytic uptake mechanisms and barrier function. Results: TW exposed ex vivo to human small intestinal mucosae is capable of autonomously entering IECs, thereby invading the mucosa. Using dominant-negative mutants, TW uptake was shown to be dynamin- and caveolin-dependent but independent of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Complementary inhibitor experiments suggested a role for the activation of the Ras/Rac1 pathway and actin polymerization. TW-invaded IECs underwent apoptosis, thereby causing an epithelial barrier defect, and were subsequently subject to phagocytosis by macrophages. Conclusions: TW enters epithelia via an actin-, dynamin-, caveolin-, and Ras-Rac1-dependent endocytosis mechanism and consecutively causes IEC apoptosis primarily in IECs invaded by multiple TW bacteria. This results in a barrier leak. Moreover, we propose that TW-packed IECs can be subject to phagocytic uptake by macrophages, thereby opening a potential entry point of TW into intestinal macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Friebel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katina Schinnerling
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370146, Chile
| | - Kathleen Weigt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Heldt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Bojarski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Epple
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Kikhney
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Biofilmcenter, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- MoKi Analytics GmbH, 12207 Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Moter
- Institute for Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Biofilmcenter, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- German Konsiliarlabor for Tropheryma whipplei, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Moter Diagnostics, 12207 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg D. Schulzke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schumann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513536
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cai S, Zhao M, Zhou B, Yoshii A, Bugg D, Villet O, Sahu A, Olson GS, Davis J, Tian R. Mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages promotes inflammation and suppresses repair after myocardial infarction. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e159498. [PMID: 36480284 PMCID: PMC9927948 DOI: 10.1172/jci159498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune cells play important roles in tissue injury and repair following acute myocardial infarction (MI). Although reprogramming of macrophage metabolism has been observed during inflammation and resolution phases, the mechanistic link to macrophage phenotype is not fully understood. In this study, we found that myeloid-specific deletion (mKO) of mitochondrial complex I protein, encoded by Ndufs4, reproduced the proinflammatory metabolic profile in macrophages and exaggerated the response to LPS. Moreover, mKO mice showed increased mortality, poor scar formation, and worsened cardiac function 30 days after MI. We observed a greater inflammatory response in mKO mice on day 1 followed by increased cell death of infiltrating macrophages and blunted transition to the reparative phase during post-MI days 3-7. Efferocytosis was impaired in mKO macrophages, leading to lower expression of antiinflammatory cytokines and tissue repair factors, which suppressed the proliferation and activation of myofibroblasts in the infarcted area. Mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenging rescued these impairments, improved myofibroblast function in vivo, and reduced post-MI mortality in mKO mice. Together these results reveal a critical role of mitochondria in inflammation resolution and tissue repair via modulation of efferocytosis and crosstalk with fibroblasts. These findings have potential significance for post-MI recovery as well as for other inflammatory conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cai
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Bo Zhou
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Darrian Bugg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Outi Villet
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Anita Sahu
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| | - Gregory S. Olson
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rong Tian
- Center for Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gao Y, Jiao Y, Gong X, Liu J, Xiao H, Zheng Q. Role of transcription factors in apoptotic cells clearance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1110225. [PMID: 36743409 PMCID: PMC9892555 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1110225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body generates 10-100 billion cells every day, and the same number of cells die to maintain homeostasis. The genetically controlled, autonomously ordered cell death mainly proceeds by apoptosis. Apoptosis is an important way of programmed cell death in multicellular organisms, timely and effective elimination of apoptotic cells plays a key role in the growth and development of organisms and the maintenance of homeostasis. During the clearance of apoptotic cells, transcription factors bind to specific target promoters and act as activators or repressors to regulate multiple genes expression, how transcription factors regulate apoptosis is an important and poorly understood aspect of normal development. This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of transcription factors in the clearance of apoptotic cells to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Xiao
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiao, ; Qian Zheng,
| | - Qian Zheng
- *Correspondence: Hui Xiao, ; Qian Zheng,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lalnunthangi A, Dakpa G, Tiwari S. Multifunctional role of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway in phagocytosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:179-217. [PMID: 36631192 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized form of endocytosis where large cells and particles (>0.5μm) are engulfed by the phagocytic cells, and ultimately digested in the phagolysosomes. This process not only eliminates unwanted particles and pathogens from the extracellular sources, but also eliminates apoptotic cells within the body, and is critical for maintenance of tissue homeostasis. It is believed that both endocytosis and phagocytosis share common pathways after particle internalization, but specialized features and differences between these two routes of internalization are also likely. The recruitment and removal of each protein/particle during the maturation of endocytic/phagocytic vesicles has to be tightly regulated to ensure their timely action. Ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP), degrades unwanted proteins by post-translational modification of proteins with chains of conserved protein Ubiquitin (Ub), with subsequent recognition of Ub chains by the 26S proteasomes and substrate degradation by this protease. This pathway utilizes different Ub linkages to modify proteins to regulate protein-protein interaction, localization, and activity. Due to its vast number of targets, it is involved in many cellular pathways, including phagocytosis. This chapters describes the basic steps and signaling in phagocytosis and different roles that UPP plays at multiple steps in regulating phagocytosis directly, or through its interaction with other phagosomal proteins. How aberrations in UPP function affect phagocytosis and their association with human diseases, and how pathogens exploit this pathway for their own benefit is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swati Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Taefehshokr N, Heit B. Methods for Quantitative Efferocytosis Assays. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2692:41-59. [PMID: 37365460 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3338-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis, the phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells, is a dynamic process requiring recruitment of numerous regulatory proteins to mediate the uptake, engulfment, and degradation of apoptotic cells. Herein, we describe microscopy-based methods for the enumeration of efferocytic events and characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling molecule recruitment during efferocytosis using genetically encoded probes and immunofluorescent labeling. While these methods are illustrated using macrophages, they are applicable to any efferocytic cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and The Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and The Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fazeli G, Frondoni J, Kolli S, Wehman AM. Visualizing Phagocytic Cargo In Vivo from Engulfment to Resolution in Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2692:337-360. [PMID: 37365478 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3338-0_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans offers many experimental advantages to study conserved mechanisms of phagocytosis and phagocytic clearance. These include the stereotyped timing of phagocytic events in vivo for time-lapse imaging, the availability of transgenic reporters labeling molecules involved in different steps of phagocytosis, and the transparency of the animal for fluorescence imaging. Further, the ease of forward and reverse genetics in C. elegans has enabled many of the initial discoveries of proteins involved in phagocytic clearance. In this chapter, we focus on phagocytosis by the large undifferentiated blastomeres of C. elegans embryos, which engulf and eliminate diverse phagocytic cargo from the corpse of the second polar body to cytokinetic midbody remnants. We describe the use of fluorescent time-lapse imaging to observe the distinct steps of phagocytic clearance and methods to normalize this process to distinguish defects in mutant strains. These approaches have enabled us to reveal new insights from the initial signaling to induce phagocytosis up until the final resolution of phagocytic cargo in phagolysosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Fazeli
- Imaging Core Facility, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Frondoni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Shruti Kolli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Ann M Wehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Loh W, Vermeren S. Anti-Inflammatory Neutrophil Functions in the Resolution of Inflammation and Tissue Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244076. [PMID: 36552840 PMCID: PMC9776979 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are highly abundant circulating leukocytes that are amongst the first cells to be recruited to sites of infection or sterile injury. Their ability to generate and release powerful cytotoxic products ties with their role in host defence from bacterial and fungal infections. Neutrophilic inflammation is tightly regulated to limit the amount of 'bystander injury' caused. Neutrophils were in the past regarded as short-lived, indiscriminate killers of invading microorganisms. However, this view has changed quite dramatically in recent years. Amongst other insights, neutrophils are now recognised to also have important anti-inflammatory functions that are critical for the resolution of inflammation and return to homeostasis. This minireview focusses on anti-inflammatory neutrophil functions, placing a particular focus on recent findings linked to neutrophil cell death, several types of which may be anti-inflammatory (apoptosis, secondary necrosis, and neutrophil extracellular traps). These are discussed together with features that may further promote the clearance of dead cells by efferocytosis and reprogramming of macrophages to promote resolution and repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waywen Loh
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Sonja Vermeren
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH10 5HF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abaza A, Vasavada AM, Sadhu A, Valencia C, Fatima H, Nwankwo I, Anam M, Maharjan S, Amjad Z, Khan S. A Systematic Review of Apoptosis in Correlation With Cancer: Should Apoptosis Be the Ultimate Target for Cancer Treatment? Cureus 2022; 14:e28496. [PMID: 36185861 PMCID: PMC9514374 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting apoptosis in cancer therapy has become increasingly popular, and there has been an increasing debate on whether apoptosis should be one of the main targets of therapy in cancer management. This study demonstrates the definition of apoptosis, the signaling pathways, and the pathogenesis behind it. We also show the correlation between apoptosis and cancer and how cancer can evade apoptosis to develop resistance to therapy. In addition, we illustrate the efficacy of adding pro-apoptotic therapy to conventional radio-chemotherapy cancer treatment. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and ResearchGate, including papers written in English, focusing on adult and geriatric populations, in literature reviews, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials published in the last 25 years with relevance to the question. Based on the findings of this review, we conclude that apoptosis is a very sophisticated programmed cellular death with many signaling pathways. Its evasion should be considered one of the hallmarks of cancer and is responsible for multiple drug resistance (MDR) to cancer therapy. Targeting apoptosis seems promising, especially if combined with radio-chemotherapy.
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang J, Ding W, Zhao M, Liu J, Xu Y, Wan J, Wang M. Mechanisms of efferocytosis in determining inflammation resolution: Therapeutic potential and the association with cardiovascular disease. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5151-5171. [PMID: 36028471 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is defined as the clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) in physiological and pathological states and is performed by efferocytes, such as macrophages. Efferocytosis can lead to the resolution of inflammation and restore tissue homoeostasis; however, the mechanisms of efferocytosis in determining inflammation resolution are still not completely understood, and the effects of efferocytosis on other proresolving properties need to be explored and explained. In this review, the process of efferocytosis will be summarized briefly, and then these mechanisms and effects will be thoroughly discussed. In addition, the association between the mechanisms of efferocytosis in determining inflammation resolution and cardiovascular diseases will also be reviewed, as an understanding of this association may provide information on novel treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.,department of radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yuan L, Li P, Jing H, Zheng Q, Xiao H. trim-21 promotes proteasomal degradation of CED-1 for apoptotic cell clearance in C. elegans. eLife 2022; 11:76436. [PMID: 35929733 PMCID: PMC9388098 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phagocytic receptor CED-1 mediates apoptotic cell recognition by phagocytic cells, enabling cell corpse clearance in Caenorhabditis elegans. Whether appropriate levels of CED-1 are maintained for executing the engulfment function remains unknown. Here, we identified the C. elegans E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif containing-21 (TRIM-21) as a component of the CED-1 pathway for apoptotic cell clearance. When the NPXY motif of CED-1 was bound to the adaptor protein CED-6 or the YXXL motif of CED-1 was phosphorylated by tyrosine kinase SRC-1 and subsequently bound to the adaptor protein NCK-1 containing the SH2 domain, TRIM-21 functioned in conjunction with UBC-21 to catalyze K48-linked poly-ubiquitination on CED-1, targeting it for proteasomal degradation. In the absence of TRIM-21, CED-1 accumulated post-translationally and drove cell corpse degradation defects, as evidenced by direct binding to VHA-10. These findings reveal a unique mechanism for the maintenance of appropriate levels of CED-1 to regulate apoptotic cell clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Peiyao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Huiru Jing
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'An, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li X, Liu Y, Liu X, Du J, Bhawal UK, Xu J, Guo L, Liu Y. Advances in the Therapeutic Effects of Apoptotic Bodies on Systemic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158202. [PMID: 35897778 PMCID: PMC9331698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an important role in development and in the maintenance of homeostasis. Apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) are specifically generated from apoptotic cells and can contain a large variety of biological molecules, which are of great significance in intercellular communications and the regulation of phagocytes. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that ApoBDs are essential for maintaining homeostasis, including systemic bone density and immune regulation as well as tissue regeneration. Moreover, studies have revealed the therapeutic effects of ApoBDs on systemic diseases, including cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, and wound healing, which can be used to treat potential targets. This review summarizes current research on the generation, application, and reconstruction of ApoBDs regarding their functions in cellular regulation and on systemic diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Li
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Yitong Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Xu Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Ujjal Kumar Bhawal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan;
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
| | - Lijia Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; (X.L.); (Y.L.); (X.L.); (J.D.); (J.X.)
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systematic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Buddell T, Quinn C. A null allele in the wdfy-3 selective autophagy gene of C. elegans . MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000598. [PMID: 35903777 PMCID: PMC9315409 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The C. elegans WDFY-3 protein is important for cargo selection during selective autophagy and for regulating axon termination. The C-terminal region of WDFY-3 contains BEACH, WD repeats, and FYVE-like domains, all of which are required for selective autophagy. WDFY-3 also contains a large N-terminal region that is relatively uncharacterized. Currently, wdfy-3(ok912) is the only mutant allele that has been characterized for this gene. This allele features a small deletion that is predicted to disrupt the C-terminal region of the protein. Here, we used CRISPR Cas9 to produce a new wdfy-3(cue30) allele that is a near complete deletion of the coding region. We report that, unlike the existing wdfy-3(ok912) allele, this new wdfy-3(cue30) null allele causes a weak overextension phenotype in the PLM axon. Like the existing wdfy-3(ok912) allele, the new wdfy-3(cue30) null allele can suppress PLM axon termination defects caused by an fsn-1 null allele. Creating and characterizing new wdfy-3 alleles will increase our understanding of this gene and could help elucidate more of the gene's conserved functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Buddell
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Quinn
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
,
Correspondence to: Christopher Quinn (
)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Efferocytosis requires periphagosomal Ca 2+-signaling and TRPM7-mediated electrical activity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3230. [PMID: 35680919 PMCID: PMC9184625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis, also known as efferocytosis, is fundamental to developmental biology, organ physiology, and immunology. Macrophages use multiple mechanisms to detect and engulf apoptotic cells, but the signaling pathways that regulate the digestion of the apoptotic cell cargo, such as the dynamic Ca2+ signals, are poorly understood. Using an siRNA screen, we identify TRPM7 as a Ca2+-conducting ion channel essential for phagosome maturation during efferocytosis. Trpm7-targeted macrophages fail to fully acidify or digest their phagosomal cargo in the absence of TRPM7. Through perforated patch electrophysiology, we demonstrate that TRPM7 mediates a pH-activated cationic current necessary to sustain phagosomal acidification. Using mice expressing a genetically-encoded Ca2+ sensor, we observe that phagosome maturation requires peri-phagosomal Ca2+-signals dependent on TRPM7. Overall, we reveal TRPM7 as a central regulator of phagosome maturation during macrophage efferocytosis. Efficient removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytosis underlies tissue development, wound repair, host defense and organ homeostasis. Here, authors identify TRPM7 as a regulator of cargo acidification and Ca2+ signaling during apoptotic cell clearance.
Collapse
|
28
|
Jackson J, Wischhof L, Scifo E, Pellizzer A, Wang Y, Piazzesi A, Gentile D, Siddig S, Stork M, Hopkins CE, Händler K, Weis J, Roos A, Schultze JL, Nicotera P, Ehninger D, Bano D. SGPL1 stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria in MICU1 deficient cells. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101503. [PMID: 35452878 PMCID: PMC9170783 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mitochondrial “retrograde” signaling may stimulate organelle biogenesis as a compensatory adaptation to aberrant activity of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. To maintain energy-consuming processes in OXPHOS deficient cells, alternative metabolic pathways are functionally coupled to the degradation, recycling and redistribution of biomolecules across distinct intracellular compartments. While transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial network expansion has been the focus of many studies, the molecular mechanisms promoting mitochondrial maintenance in energy-deprived cells remain poorly investigated. Methods We performed transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics and lifespan assays to identify pathways that are mechanistically linked to mitochondrial network expansion and homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans lacking the mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1 (MICU-1/MICU1). To support our findings, we carried out biochemical and image analyses in mammalian cells and mouse-derived tissues. Results We report that micu-1(null) mutations impair the OXPHOS system and promote C. elegans longevity through a transcriptional program that is independent of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter MCU-1/MCU and the essential MCU regulator EMRE-1/EMRE. We identify sphingosine phosphate lyase SPL-1/SGPL1 and the ATFS-1-target HOPS complex subunit VPS-39/VPS39 as critical lifespan modulators of micu-1(null) mutant animals. Cross-species investigation indicates that SGPL1 upregulation stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria, thereby enhancing mitochondria-lysosome contacts. Consistently, VPS39 downregulation compromises mitochondrial network maintenance and basal autophagic flux in MICU1 deficient cells. In mouse-derived muscles, we show that VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria may represent a common signature associated with altered OXPHOS system. Conclusions Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized SGPL1/VPS39 axis that stimulates intracellular organelle interactions and sustains autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in OXPHOS deficient cells. micu-1(null) nematodes are long-lived mitochondrial mutants. MICU-1/MICU1 deficiency stimulates VPS-39/VPS39 and SPL-1/SGPL1 upregulation. VPS-39 sustains mitochondrial network expansion in micu-1(null) nematodes. VPS39 and SGPL1 expression influences mitochondria-lysosome contact sites in MICU1 deficient cells. VPS39/SGPL1 signaling may be a common signature of mitochondrial deficient cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Jackson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Pellizzer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yiru Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Piazzesi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Debora Gentile
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Sana Siddig
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Miriam Stork
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kristian Händler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Weis
- Institute of Neuropathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Universitätsklinikum Essen and Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany; PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; LIMES Institute, Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tang Y, Gao J, Wang T, Zhang Q, Wang A, Huang M, Yu R, Chen H, Gao X. The effect of drug loading and multiple administration on the protein corona formation and brain delivery property of PEG-PLA nanoparticles. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2043-2056. [PMID: 35847504 PMCID: PMC9279712 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of protein corona on the surface of nanoparticles modulates their physiological interactions such as cellular association and targeting property. It has been shown that α-mangostin (αM)-loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactide) (PEG-PLA) nanoparticles (NP-αM) specifically increased low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression in microglia and improved clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) after multiple administration. However, how do the nanoparticles cross the blood‒brain barrier and access microglia remain unknown. Here, we studied the brain delivery property of PEG-PLA nanoparticles under different conditions, finding that the nanoparticles exhibited higher brain transport efficiency and microglia uptake efficiency after αM loading and multiple administration. To reveal the mechanism, we performed proteomic analysis to characterize the composition of protein corona formed under various conditions, finding that both drug loading and multiple dosing affect the composition of protein corona and subsequently influence the cellular uptake of nanoparticles in b.End3 and BV-2 cells. Complement proteins, immunoglobulins, RAB5A and CD36 were found to be enriched in the corona and associated with the process of nanoparticles uptake. Collectively, we bring a mechanistic understanding about the modulator role of protein corona on targeted drug delivery, and provide theoretical basis for engineering brain or microglia-specific targeted delivery system.
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu X, Zhang W, Xu Y, Xu X, Jiang Q, Ruan J, Wu Y, Zhou Y, Saw PE, Luo B. Targeting PI3Kγ/AKT Pathway Remodels LC3-Associated Phagocytosis Induced Immunosuppression After Radiofrequency Ablation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102182. [PMID: 35037422 PMCID: PMC8895133 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Residual tumors after insufficient radiofrequency ablation (IRFA) shows accelerated progression and anti-PD-1 resistance. It is also reported that macrophages infiltrating into residual tumors leads to anti-PD-1 resistance. Elements of autophagy have been detected to conjugate LC3 to be increasingly expressed in residual tumors. The underlying mechanisms between LC3 and macrophages are aimed to be investigated, and explore further ways to enhance immunotherapy in treating residual tumors. In mice models and patients, macrophages demonstrate increased infiltration into residual tumors, especially surrounding the ablated zone. Single-cell transcriptome demonstrates enhancement of immunosuppression function in macrophages after IRFA. It is shown that macrophages engulf heat-treated cells through LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), enhance IL-4 mediated macrophage programming through the PI3Kγ/AKT pathway, and suppress T cell proliferation. Blockade of the PI3Kγ/AKT pathway enhances the antitumor activity of PD-1 blockades, inhibits malignant growth, and enhances survival in post-IRFA models. In conclusion, in mice models and patients, macrophages demonstrate increased infiltration around ablated zones in residual tumors. Blockade of the PI3Kγ/AKT pathway suppresses the growth of residual tumors in subcutaneous and orthotopic models. The results illustrate the translational potential of PI3Kγ inhibitors to enhance anti-PD-1 therapy for the treatment of residual tumors after IRFA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Wenyue Zhang
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yanni Xu
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Qiongchao Jiang
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Jingliang Ruan
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Yingshi Zhou
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene RegulationSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| | - Baoming Luo
- Department of UltrasoundSun Yat‐sen Memorial HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510120China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Peña-Ramos O, Chiao L, Liu X, Yu X, Yao T, He H, Zhou Z. Autophagosomes fuse to phagosomes and facilitate the degradation of apoptotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife 2022; 11:72466. [PMID: 34982028 PMCID: PMC8769646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagosomes are double-membrane intracellular vesicles that degrade protein aggregates, intracellular organelles, and other cellular components. During the development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, many somatic and germ cells undergo apoptosis. These cells are engulfed and degraded by their neighboring cells. We discovered a novel role of autophagosomes in facilitating the degradation of apoptotic cells using a real-time imaging technique. Specifically, the double-membrane autophagosomes in engulfing cells are recruited to the surfaces of phagosomes containing apoptotic cells and subsequently fuse to phagosomes, allowing the inner vesicle to enter the phagosomal lumen. Mutants defective in the production of autophagosomes display significant defects in the degradation of apoptotic cells, demonstrating the importance of autophagosomes to this process. The signaling pathway led by the phagocytic receptor CED-1, the adaptor protein CED-6, and the large GTPase dynamin (DYN-1) promotes the recruitment of autophagosomes to phagosomes. Moreover, the subsequent fusion of autophagosomes with phagosomes requires the functions of the small GTPase RAB-7 and the HOPS complex. Further observations suggest that autophagosomes provide apoptotic cell-degradation activities in addition to and in parallel of lysosomes. Our findings reveal that, unlike the single-membrane, LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) vesicles reported to facilitate phagocytosis in mammals, it is the canonical double-membrane autophagosomes that facilitate the clearance of C. elegans apoptotic cells. These findings add autophagosomes to the collection of intracellular organelles that contribute to phagosome maturation, identify novel crosstalk between the autophagy and phagosome maturation pathways, and discover the upstream signaling molecules that initiate this crosstalk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Peña-Ramos
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Lucia Chiao
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Xianghua Liu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Tianyou Yao
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Henry He
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alghamdi M, Alamry SA, Bahlas SM, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Circulating extracellular vesicles and rheumatoid arthritis: a proteomic analysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:25. [PMID: 34971426 PMCID: PMC11072894 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles secreted by most cells for intracellular communication and transportation of biomolecules. EVs carry proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and receptors that are involved in human physiology and pathology. EV cargo is variable and highly related to the type and state of the cellular origin. Three subtypes of EVs have been identified: exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Exosomes are the smallest and the most well-studied class of EVs that regulate different biological processes and participate in several diseases, such as cancers and autoimmune diseases. Proteomic analysis of exosomes succeeded in profiling numerous types of proteins involved in disease development and prognosis. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), exosomes revealed a potential function in joint inflammation. These EVs possess a unique function, as they can transfer specific autoantigens and mediators between distant cells. Current proteomic data demonstrated that exosomes could provide beneficial effects against autoimmunity and exert an immunosuppressive action, particularly in RA. Based on these observations, effective therapeutic strategies have been developed for arthritis and other inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alghamdi
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory Department, University Medical Services Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Abdulmughni Alamry
- Immunology Diagnostic Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, P.O Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami M Bahlas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80215, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
- Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen H, Wang M, Zhang H, Wang H, Zhou L, Zhong Z, Cao L, Lian C, Sun Y, Li C. microRNAs facilitate comprehensive responses of Bathymodiolinae mussel against symbiotic and nonsymbiotic bacteria stimulation. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:420-431. [PMID: 34687882 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bathymodiolinae mussels are dominant species in cold seeps and hydrothermal vents and could harbor endosymbionts in gill bacteriocytes. However, mechanisms underlying the symbiosis have remained largely undisclosed for years. In the present study, the global expression pattern of immune-related genes and miRNAs were surveyed in Gigantidas platifrons during bacterial challenges using enriched symbiotic methane oxidation bacteria MOBs or nonsymbiotic Vibrio. As a result, multiple pattern recognition receptors were found differentially expressed at 12 h and 24 h post bacteria challenges and distinctly clustered between stimulations. Dozens of immune effectors along with signal transducers were also modulated simultaneously during MOB or Vibrio challenge. A total of 459 miRNAs were identified in the gill while some were differentially expressed post MOB or nonsymbiotic bacteria challenge. A variety of immune-related genes were annotated as target genes of aforesaid differentially expressed miRNAs. As a result, biological processes including the immune recognition, lysosome activity and bacteria engulfment were suggested to be dynamically modulated by miRNAs in either symbiotic or nonsymbiotic bacteria challenge. It was suggested that G. platifrons mussels could maintain a robust immune response against invading pathogens while establishing symbiosis with chemosynthetic bacteria with the orchestra of immune-related genes and miRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaoshan Zhong
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Lian
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chaolun Li
- Center of Deep Sea Research, And CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Razzauti A, Laurent P. Ectocytosis prevents accumulation of ciliary cargo in C. elegans sensory neurons. eLife 2021; 10:67670. [PMID: 34533135 PMCID: PMC8492061 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are sensory organelles protruding from cell surfaces. Release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from cilia was previously observed in mammals, Chlamydomonas, and in male Caenorhabditis elegans. Using the EV marker TSP-6 (an ortholog of mammalian CD9) and other ciliary receptors, we show that EVs are formed from ciliated sensory neurons in C. elegans hermaphrodites. Release of EVs is observed from two ciliary locations: the cilia tip and/or periciliary membrane compartment (PCMC). Outward budding of EVs from the cilia tip leads to their release into the environment. EVs' budding from the PCMC is concomitantly phagocytosed by the associated glial cells. To maintain cilia composition, a tight regulation of cargo import and removal is achieved by the action of intra-flagellar transport (IFT). Unbalanced IFT due to cargo overexpression or mutations in the IFT machinery leads to local accumulation of ciliary proteins. Disposal of excess ciliary proteins via EVs reduces their local accumulation and exports them to the environment and/or to the glia associated to these ciliated neurons. We suggest that EV budding from cilia subcompartments acts as a safeguard mechanism to remove deleterious excess of ciliary material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adria Razzauti
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles(ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Laurent
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles(ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Petrignani B, Rommelaere S, Hakim-Mishnaevski K, Masson F, Ramond E, Hilu-Dadia R, Poidevin M, Kondo S, Kurant E, Lemaitre B. A secreted factor NimrodB4 promotes the elimination of apoptotic corpses by phagocytes in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52262. [PMID: 34370384 PMCID: PMC8419693 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death plays a fundamental role in development and tissue homeostasis. Professional and non‐professional phagocytes achieve the proper recognition, uptake, and degradation of apoptotic cells, a process called efferocytosis. Failure in efferocytosis leads to autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, two transmembrane proteins of the Nimrod family, Draper and SIMU, mediate the recognition and internalization of apoptotic corpses. Beyond this early step, little is known about how apoptotic cell degradation is regulated. Here, we study the function of a secreted member of the Nimrod family, NimB4, and reveal its crucial role in the clearance of apoptotic cells. We show that NimB4 is expressed by macrophages and glial cells, the two main types of phagocytes in Drosophila. Similar to draper mutants, NimB4 mutants accumulate apoptotic corpses during embryogenesis and in the larval brain. Our study points to the role of NimB4 in phagosome maturation, more specifically in the fusion between the phagosome and lysosomes. We propose that similar to bridging molecules, NimB4 binds to apoptotic corpses to engage a phagosome maturation program dedicated to efferocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Petrignani
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Rommelaere
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ketty Hakim-Mishnaevski
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Florent Masson
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Ramond
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Reut Hilu-Dadia
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Estee Kurant
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bruno Lemaitre
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dead cell and debris clearance in the atherosclerotic plaque: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities to promote inflammation resolution. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105699. [PMID: 34087352 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytic clearance of dead cells and debris is critical for inflammation resolution and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Consequently, defective clearance of dead cells and debris is associated with initiation and exacerbation of several autoimmune disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The progressive loss of dead cell clearance capacity within the atherosclerotic plaque leads to accumulation of necrotic cells, chronic non-resolving inflammation, and expansion of the necrotic core, which triggers atherosclerotic plaque rupture and clinical manifestation of acute thrombotic cardiovascular adverse events. In this review, we describe the fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms of dead cell clearance and how it goes awry in atherosclerosis. Finally, we highlight novel therapeutic strategies that enhance dead cell and debris clearance within the atherosclerotic plaque to promote inflammation resolution and atherosclerotic plaque stabilization.
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu MY, Liu L, Wang EJ, Xiao HT, Cai CZ, Wang J, Su H, Wang Y, Tan J, Zhang Z, Wang J, Yao M, Ouyang DF, Yue Z, Li M, Chen Y, Bian ZX, Lu JH. PI3KC3 complex subunit NRBF2 is required for apoptotic cell clearance to restrict intestinal inflammation. Autophagy 2021; 17:1096-1111. [PMID: 32160108 PMCID: PMC8143223 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1741332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NRBF2, a regulatory subunit of the ATG14-BECN1/Beclin 1-PIK3C3/VPS34 complex, positively regulates macroautophagy/autophagy. In this study, we report that NRBF2 is required for the clearance of apoptotic cells and alleviation of inflammation during colitis in mice. NRBF2-deficient mice displayed much more severe colitis symptoms after the administration of ulcerative colitis inducer, dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), accompanied by prominent intestinal inflammation and apoptotic cell accumulation. Interestingly, we found that nrbf2-/- mice and macrophages displayed impaired apoptotic cell clearance capability, while adoptive transfer of nrbf2+/+ macrophages to nrbf2-/- mice alleviated DSS-induced colitis lesions. Mechanistically, NRBF2 is required for the generation of the active form of RAB7 to promote the fusion between phagosomes containing engulfed apoptotic cells and lysosomes via interacting with the MON1-CCZ1 complex and regulating the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity of the complex. Evidence from clinical samples further reveals the physiological role of NRBF2 in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. In biopsies of UC patient colon, we observed upregulated NRBF2 in the colon macrophages and the engulfment of apoptotic cells by NRBF2-positive cells, suggesting a potential protective role for NRBF2 in UC. To confirm the relationship between apoptotic cell clearance and IBD development, we compared TUNEL-stained cell counts in the UC with UC severity (Mayo Score) and observed a strong correlation between the two indexes, indicating that apoptotic cell population in colon tissue correlates with UC severity. The findings of our study reveal a novel role for NRBF2 in regulating apoptotic cell clearance to restrict intestinal inflammation.Abbreviation: ANOVA: analysis of variance; ATG14: autophagy related 14; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16-like 1 (S. cerevisiae); BMDM: bone marrow-derived macrophage; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CD: Crohn disease; CD68: CD68 molecule; CFP: cyan fluorescent protein; CMFDA: 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate; Co-IP, co-immunoprecipitation; CPR: C-reactive protein; Cy7: cyanine 7 maleimide; DAB: diaminobezidine 3; DAI: disease activity indexes; DAPI: 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMEM: dulbecco's modified eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DOC: sodium deoxycholate; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EGTA: ethylenebis (oxyethylenenitrilo) tetraacetic acid; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; FRET: Förster resonance energy transfer; GDP: guanine dinucleotide phosphate; GEF: guanine nucleotide exchange factor; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GTP: guanine trinucleotide phosphate; GWAS: genome-wide association studies; HEK293: human embryonic kidney 293 cells; HRP: horseradish peroxidase; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IgG: immunoglobin G; IL1B/IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL6: interleukin 6; IRGM: immunity related GTPase M; ITGAM/CD11b: integrin subunit alpha M; KO: knockout; LRRK2: leucine rich repeat kinase 2; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MPO: myeloperoxidase; NaCl: sodium chloride; NEU: neutrophil; NOD2: nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2; NP40: nonidet-P40; NRBF2: nuclear receptor binding factor 2; PBS: phosphate buffer saline; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PE: P-phycoerythrin; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PTPRC/CD45: protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TBST: tris-buffered saline Tween-20; Tris-HCl: trihydroxymethyl aminomethane hydrochloride; TUNEL: TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling; UC: ulcerative colitis; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WB: western blotting; WT: wild type; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Er-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Hai-Tao Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cui-Zan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Precision Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maojing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - De-Fang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Xiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yin C, Heit B. Cellular Responses to the Efferocytosis of Apoptotic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:631714. [PMID: 33959122 PMCID: PMC8093429 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.631714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid and efficient phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells, termed efferocytosis, is a critical mechanism in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Removal of apoptotic cells through efferocytosis prevents secondary necrosis and the resultant inflammation caused by the release of intracellular contents. The importance of efferocytosis in homeostasis is underscored by the large number of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, including atherosclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, that are characterized by defective apoptotic cell clearance. Although mechanistically similar to the phagocytic clearance of pathogens, efferocytosis differs from phagocytosis in that it is immunologically silent and induces a tissue repair response. Efferocytes face unique challenges resulting from the internalization of apoptotic cells, including degradation of the apoptotic cell, dealing with the extra metabolic load imposed by the processing of apoptotic cell contents, and the coordination of an anti-inflammatory, pro-tissue repair response. This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the cellular response to apoptotic cell uptake, including trafficking of apoptotic cell cargo and antigen presentation, signaling and transcriptional events initiated by efferocytosis, the coordination of an anti-inflammatory response and tissue repair, unique cellular metabolic responses and the role of efferocytosis in host defense. A better understanding of how efferocytic cells respond to apoptotic cell uptake will be critical in unraveling the complex connections between apoptotic cell removal and inflammation resolution and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Center for Human Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang Y, Dong W, Wu Q, Wang D. Response of G protein-coupled receptor CED-1 in germline to polystyrene nanoparticles in Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1997-2006. [PMID: 36133095 PMCID: PMC9419163 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00867b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of a certain amount of nanopolystyrene (NPS) can be observed in the gonad of Caenorhabditis elegans. However, we still know little about the response of germline towards NPS exposure. In the germline of C. elegans, NPS (1-1000 μg L-1) increased the expression levels of two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely PAQR-2 and CED-1. Moreover, susceptibility to NPS toxicity was observed in ced-1(RNAi) worms, which suggested that the protective response of germline was mediated by GPCR CED-1. In the germline, five proteins (CED-10, VPS-34, SNX-1, RAB-7, and RAB-14) functioned as downstream targets of GPCR CED-1 in controlling NPS toxicity. Furthermore, these five targets in the germline regulated NPS toxicity by affecting the activities of p38 MAPK and insulin signaling pathways in intestinal cells. Therefore, we raised a GPCR CED-1-mediated signaling cascade in the germline in response to NPS exposure, which is helpful for understanding the molecular basis of the germline in response to NPS exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhan Yang
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Wenting Dong
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qiuli Wu
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University Nanjing 210009 China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nguyen JA, Yates RM. Better Together: Current Insights Into Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636078. [PMID: 33717183 PMCID: PMC7946854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following phagocytosis, the nascent phagosome undergoes maturation to become a phagolysosome with an acidic, hydrolytic, and often oxidative lumen that can efficiently kill and digest engulfed microbes, cells, and debris. The fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes is a principal driver of phagosomal maturation and is targeted by several adapted intracellular pathogens. Impairment of this process has significant consequences for microbial infection, tissue inflammation, the onset of adaptive immunity, and disease. Given the importance of phagosome-lysosome fusion to phagocyte function and the many virulence factors that target it, it is unsurprising that multiple molecular pathways have evolved to mediate this essential process. While the full range of these pathways has yet to be fully characterized, several pathways involving proteins such as members of the Rab GTPases, tethering factors and SNAREs have been identified. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge to clarify the ambiguities in the field and construct a more comprehensive phagolysosome formation model. Lastly, we discuss how other cellular pathways help support phagolysosome biogenesis and, consequently, phagocyte function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny A Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robin M Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Cumming School of Medicine, Snyder Institute of Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Perez MA, Watts JL. Worms, Fat, and Death: Caenorhabditis elegans Lipid Metabolites Regulate Cell Death. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11020125. [PMID: 33672292 PMCID: PMC7926963 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans is well-known as the model organism used to elucidate the genetic pathways underlying the first described form of regulated cell death, apoptosis. Since then, C. elegans investigations have contributed to the further understanding of lipids in apoptosis, especially the roles of phosphatidylserines and phosphatidylinositols. More recently, studies in C. elegans have shown that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids can induce the non-apoptotic, iron-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis. In this review, we examine the roles of various lipids in specific aspects of regulated cell death, emphasizing recent work in C. elegans.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ohashi Y. Class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I subunit NRBF2/Atg38 - from cell and structural biology to health and disease. Autophagy 2021; 17:3897-3907. [PMID: 33459128 PMCID: PMC8726667 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1872240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is triggered by various starvation and stress conditions. The phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is essential for the formation of the autophagosome both in yeast and mammals. The class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, PIK3C3C in humans or Vps34 in yeast, produces PtdIns3P by phosphorylating the 3'-OH position of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). In order to synthesize PtdIns3P for the initiation of autophagy, PIK3C3/Vps34 has a heterotetrameric core, the PIK3C3 complex I (hereafter complex I) composed of PIK3C3/Vps34, PIK3R4/Vps15, BECN1/Vps30, and ATG14/Atg14. A fifth component of complex I, NRBF2 in mammals and Atg38 in yeast, was found and has been characterized in the past decade. The field has been expanding from cell and structural biology to mouse model and cohort studies. Here I will summarize the structures and models of complex I binding NRBF2/Atg38, its intracellular roles, and its involvement in health and disease. Along with this expansion of the field, different conclusions have been drawn in several topics. I will clarify what has and has not been agreed, and what is to be clarified in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Ohashi
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li P, Jing H, Wang Y, Yuan L, Xiao H, Zheng Q. SUMO modification in apoptosis. J Mol Histol 2020; 52:1-10. [PMID: 33225418 PMCID: PMC7790789 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis and clearance of dead cells is highly evolutionarily conserved from nematode to humans, which is crucial to the growth and development of multicellular organism. Fail to remove apoptotic cells often lead to homeostasis imbalance, fatal autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) modification is a post-translational modification of ubiquitin proteins mediated by the sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs) family. SUMO modification is widely involved in many cellular biological process, and abnormal SUMO modification is also closely related to many major human diseases. Recent researches have revealed that SUMO modification event occurs during apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells, and plays an important role in the regulation of apoptotic signaling pathways. This review summarizes some recent progress in the revelation of regulatory mechanisms of these pathways and provides some potential researching hotpots of the SUMO modification regulation to apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Huiru Jing
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in the Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ghose P, Wehman AM. The developmental and physiological roles of phagocytosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 144:409-432. [PMID: 33992160 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an essential process by which cellular debris and pathogens are cleared from the environment. Cells extend their plasma membrane to engulf objects and contain them within a limiting membrane for isolation from the cytosol or for intracellular degradation in phagolysosomes. The basic mechanisms of phagocytosis and intracellular clearance are well conserved between animals. Indeed, much of our understanding is derived from studies on the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we review the latest progress in understanding the mechanisms and functions of phagocytic clearance from C. elegans studies. In particular, we highlight new insights into phagocytic signaling pathways, phagosome formation and phagolysosome resolution, as well as the challenges in studying these cyclic processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piya Ghose
- Department of Biology, University of Texas, Arlington, TX, United States.
| | - Ann M Wehman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Taefehshokr N, Yin C, Heit B. Rab GTPases in the differential processing of phagocytosed pathogens versus efferocytosed apoptotic cells. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:123-135. [PMID: 32990320 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytosis is an important feature of innate immunity in which invading microorganisms are engulfed, killed and degraded - and in some immune cells, their antigens presented to adaptive immune system. A closely related process, efferocytosis, removes apoptotic cells, and is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis. Both phagocytosis and efferocytosis are tightly regulated processes that involve target recognition and uptake through specific receptors, followed by endolysosomal trafficking and processing of the internalized target. Central to the uptake and trafficking of these targets are the Rab family of small GTPases, which coordinate the engulfment and trafficking of both phagocytosed and efferocytosed materials through the endolysosomal system. Because of this regulatory function, Rab GTPases are often targeted by pathogens to escape phagocytosis. In this review, we will discuss the shared and differential roles of Rab GTPases in phagocytosis and efferocytosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Taefehshokr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Human Immunology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. .,Associate Scientist, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bolobolova EU, Dorogova NV, Fedorova SA. Major Scenarios of Genetically Regulated Cell Death during Oogenesis in Drosophilamelanogaster. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420060034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
47
|
Abstract
Macrophage immunometabolism, the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways that alter the function of these highly plastic cells, has been the subject of intense interest in the past few years, in part because macrophage immunometabolism plays important roles in atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases. In this review article, part of the Compendium on Atherosclerosis, we introduce the concepts of (1) intracellular immunometabolism-the canonical pathways of intrinsic cell activation leading to changes in intracellular metabolism, which in turn alter cellular function; and (2) intercellular immunometabolism-conditions in which intermediates of cellular metabolism are transferred from one cell to another, thereby altering the function of the recipient cell. The recent discovery that the metabolite cargo of dead and dying cells ingested through efferocytosis by macrophages can alter metabolic pathways and downstream function of the efferocyte is markedly changing the way we think about macrophage immunometabolism. Metabolic transitions of macrophages contribute to their functions in all stages of atherosclerosis, from lesion initiation to formation of advanced lesions characterized by necrotic cores, to lesion regression following aggressive lipid lowering. This review article discusses recent advances in our understanding of these different aspects of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis. With the increasing understanding of the roles of macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis, new exciting concepts and potential targets for intervention are emerging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ira Tabas
- From the Departments of Medicine, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY (I.T.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, and Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Pathology, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (K.E.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mao F, Mu H, Wong NK, Liu K, Song J, Qiu J, Lin Y, Zhang X, Xu D, Xiang Z, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu Z. Hemocyte phagosomal proteome is dynamically shaped by cytoskeleton remodeling and interorganellar communication with endoplasmic reticulum during phagocytosis in a marine invertebrate, Crassostrea gigas. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6577. [PMID: 32313134 PMCID: PMC7171069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63676-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagosomes are task-force organelles of innate immune systems, and evolutionary diversity and continuity abound in the protein machinery executing this coordinately regulated process. In order to clarify molecular mechanisms underlying phagocytosis, we studied phagocyte response to beads and Vibrio species, using hemocytes of the Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) as a marine invertebrate model. Phagosomes from different stages of phagocytosis were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation, and more than 400 phagosome-associated proteins were subsequently identified via high-throughput quantitative proteomics. In modeling key networks of phagosomal proteins, our results support the essential roles of several processes driving phagosome formation and maturation, including cytoskeleton remodeling and signal transduction by Rab proteins. Several endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins were identified, while live cell imaging confirms an apparent intimate interaction between the ER and phagosomes. In further quantitative proteomic analysis, the signal transducers CgRhoGDI and CgPI4K were implicated. Through experimental validation, CgRhoGDI was shown to negatively regulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling in the formation of oyster phagosomes, while CgPI4K signaling drives phagosome maturation and bacterial killing. Our current work illustrates the diversity and dynamic interplay of phagosomal proteins, providing a framework for better understanding host-microbe interactions during phagosome activities in under-examined invertebrate species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huawei Mu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kunna Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Song
- College of Oceanology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Qiu
- Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences and the Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Duo Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China.,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China. .,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ziniu Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China. .,Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ISEE, CAS, Guangzhou, China. .,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a pivotal immunological process, and its discovery by Elia Metchnikoff in 1882 was a step toward the establishment of the innate immune system as a separate branch of immunology. Elia Metchnikoff received the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine for this discovery in 1908. Since its discovery almost 140 years before, phagocytosis remains the hot topic of research in immunology. The phagocytosis research has seen a great advancement since its first discovery. Functionally, phagocytosis is a simple immunological process required to engulf and remove pathogens, dead cells and tumor cells to maintain the immune homeostasis. However, mechanistically, it is a very complex process involving different mechanisms, induced and regulated by several pattern recognition receptors, soluble pattern recognition molecules, scavenger receptors (SRs) and opsonins. These mechanisms involve the formation of phagosomes, their maturation into phagolysosomes causing pathogen destruction or antigen synthesis to present them to major histocompatibility complex molecules for activating an adaptive immune response. Any defect in this mechanism may predispose the host to certain infections and inflammatory diseases (autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases) along with immunodeficiency. The article is designed to discuss its mechanistic complexity at each level, varying from phagocytosis induction to phagolysosome resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Faculty of Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gervois P, Lambrichts I. The Emerging Role of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 as a Target for Immunomodulation in Ischemic Stroke. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1668. [PMID: 31379859 PMCID: PMC6650572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and permanent disability. It is characterized by loss of neural tissue in which inflammation plays a crucial role in both the acute contribution to ischemic damage as in the late-stage impact on post-ischemic tissue regeneration. Microglia play a key role in the inflammatory stroke microenvironment as they can adapt a disease-promoting pro-inflammatory- or pro-regenerative phenotype thereby contributing to the exacerbation or alleviation of ischemic damage, respectively. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a cell surface receptor which in the central nervous system is mainly expressed on microglia. This receptor has been shown to play an essential role in microglial phagocytosis and function but its contribution in stroke pathobiology remains unclear. TREM2 was shown to be activated by nucleotides and lipid mediators, key factors that are secreted in the extracellular stroke environment by apoptotic neurons and cell/myelin debris. These factors in turn stimulate TREM2 signaling which mediates microglial migration toward- and phagocytosis of myelin debris and apoptotic cells. Moreover, microglial TREM2 appears to counteract the toll-like receptor response, thereby decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Finally, TREM2 is involved in microglial migration, survival, and is suggested to directly stimulate pro-regenerative phenotype shift. Therefore, this receptor is an attractive target for microglial modulation in the treatment of ischemic stroke and it provides additional information on microglial effector functions. This short review aims to elaborate on these TREM2-mediated microglial functions in the pathobiology and resolving of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Gervois
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|