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Campo Verde Arbocco F, Pascual LI, García D, Ortiz I, Gamarra-Luques C, Carón RW, Hapon MB. Epigenetic impact of hypothyroidism on the functional differentiation of the mammary gland in rats. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112267. [PMID: 38729597 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Mammary gland (MG) lactogenic differentiation involves epigenetic mechanisms. We have previously shown that hypothyroidism (HypoT) alters the MG transcriptome in lactation. However, the role of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4 a. k.a. THs) in epigenetic differentiation of MG is still unknown. We used a model of post-lactating HypoT rats to study in MG: a) Methylation and expression level of Gata3, Elf5, Stat6, Stat5a, Stat5b; b) Expression of Lalba, IL-4Rα and Ncoa1 mRNA; c) Histone H3 acetylation and d) Estrogen and progesterone concentration in serum. HypoT increases the estrogen serum level, decreases the progesterone level, promotes methylation of Stat5a, Stat5b and Stat6, decreasing their mRNA level and of its target genes (Lalba and IL-4Rα) and increases the Ncoa1 mRNA expression and histone H3 acetylation level. Our results proved that HypoT alters the post-lactation MG epigenome and could compromise mammary functional differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Campo Verde Arbocco
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad de Mendoza, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Argentina.
| | - Lourdes Inés Pascual
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Daiana García
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Irina Ortiz
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Carlos Gamarra-Luques
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Rubén Walter Carón
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Belén Hapon
- Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU, CONICET) Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
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2
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Jin X, Jin W, Tong L, Zhao J, Zhang L, Lin N. Therapeutic strategies of targeting non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) with small-molecule compounds in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2815-2853. [PMID: 39027232 PMCID: PMC11252466 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a controlled form of cell death orchestrated by one or more cascading signaling pathways, making it amenable to pharmacological intervention. RCD subroutines can be categorized as apoptotic or non-apoptotic and play essential roles in maintaining homeostasis, facilitating development, and modulating immunity. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that RCD evasion is frequently the primary cause of tumor survival. Several non-apoptotic RCD subroutines have garnered attention as promising cancer therapies due to their ability to induce tumor regression and prevent relapse, comparable to apoptosis. Moreover, they offer potential solutions for overcoming the acquired resistance of tumors toward apoptotic drugs. With an increasing understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing these non-apoptotic RCD subroutines, a growing number of small-molecule compounds targeting single or multiple pathways have been discovered, providing novel strategies for current cancer therapy. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the current regulatory mechanisms of the emerging non-apoptotic RCD subroutines, mainly including autophagy-dependent cell death, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, disulfidptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, parthanatos, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, and immunogenic cell death (ICD). Furthermore, we focused on discussing the pharmacological regulatory mechanisms of related small-molecule compounds. In brief, these insightful findings may provide valuable guidance for investigating individual or collaborative targeting approaches towards different RCD subroutines, ultimately driving the discovery of novel small-molecule compounds that target RCD and significantly enhance future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenke Jin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Linlin Tong
- Department of Ultrasound, Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Na Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Department of Medical Oncology and Department of Hematology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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3
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Wang X, Chen H, Jiang J, Ma J. Hesperidin Alleviates Hepatic Injury Caused by Deoxynivalenol Exposure through Activation of mTOR and AKT/GSK3β/TFEB Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14349-14363. [PMID: 38869217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a common agricultural mycotoxin that is chemically stable and not easily removed from cereal foods. When organisms consume food made from contaminated crops, it can be hazardous to their health. Numerous studies in recent years have found that hesperidin (HDN) has hepatoprotective effects on a wide range of toxins. However, few scholars have explored the potential of HDN in attenuating DON-induced liver injury. In this study, we established a low-dose DON exposure model and intervened with three doses of HDN, acting on male C57 BL/6 mice and AML12 cells, which served as in vivo and in vitro models, respectively, to investigate the protective mechanism of HDN against DON exposure-induced liver injury. The results suggested that DON disrupted hepatic autophagic fluxes, thereby impairing liver structure and function, and HDN significantly attenuated these changes. Further studies revealed that HDN alleviated DON-induced excessive autophagy through the mTOR pathway and DON-induced lysosomal dysfunction through the AKT/GSK3β/TFEB pathway. Overall, our study suggested that HDN could ameliorate DON-induced autophagy flux disorders via the mTOR pathway and the AKT/GSK3β/TFEB pathway, thereby reducing liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Junze Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Mechanism for Animal Disease and Comparative Medicine, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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4
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Lloyd-Lewis B, D'Angelo ME, Prowting NB, Wiseman BE, Sargeant TJ, Watson CJ. Methods for investigating STAT3 regulation of lysosomal function in mammary epithelial cells. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:11. [PMID: 38761238 PMCID: PMC11102350 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor STAT3 is activated by multiple cytokines and other extrinsic factors. It plays a key role in immune and inflammatory responses and, when dysregulated, in tumourigenesis. STAT3 is also an indispensable mediator of the cell death process that occurs during post-lactational regression of the mammary gland, one of the most dramatic examples of physiological cell death in adult mammals. During this involution of the gland, STAT3 powerfully enhances the lysosomal system to efficiently remove superfluous milk-producing mammary epithelial cells via a lysosomal-mediated programmed cell death pathway. The lysosome is a membrane-enclosed cytoplasmic organelle that digests and recycles cellular waste, with an important role as a signalling centre that monitors cellular metabolism. Here, we describe key strategies for investigating the role of STAT3 in regulating lysosomal function using a mammary epithelial cell culture model system. These include protocols for lysosome enrichment and enzyme activity assays, in addition to microscopic analyses of the vesicular compartment in cell lines. Collectively, these approaches provide the tools to investigate multiple aspects of lysosome biogenesis and function, and to define both direct and indirect roles for STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Michael E D'Angelo
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Neve B Prowting
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Bethan E Wiseman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, Lysosomal Health in Ageing, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christine J Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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Hardwick LJA, Davies BP, Pensa S, Burge-Rogers M, Davies C, Baptista AF, Knott R, S McCrone I, Po E, Strugnell BW, Waine K, Wood P, Khaled WT, Summers HD, Rees P, Wills JW, Hughes K. In the Murine and Bovine Maternal Mammary Gland Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 is Activated in Clusters of Epithelial Cells around the Day of Birth. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2024; 29:10. [PMID: 38722417 PMCID: PMC11081984 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-024-09561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins regulate mammary development. Here we investigate the expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) in the mouse and cow around the day of birth. We present localised colocation analysis, applicable to other mammary studies requiring identification of spatially congregated events. We demonstrate that pSTAT3-positive events are multifocally clustered in a non-random and statistically significant fashion. Arginase-1 expressing cells, consistent with macrophages, exhibit distinct clustering within the periparturient mammary gland. These findings represent a new facet of mammary STAT3 biology, and point to the presence of mammary sub-microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J A Hardwick
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin P Davies
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sara Pensa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maedee Burge-Rogers
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Claire Davies
- The Fold Farm Vets Ltd, Tyne Green, Hexham, Northumberland, UK
| | | | - Robert Knott
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Langford, UK
| | - Ian S McCrone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Eleonora Po
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | | | - Katie Waine
- Farm Post Mortems Ltd, Durham, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T3R 1J3, Canada
| | - Paul Wood
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
- SRUC Aberdeen, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Walid T Khaled
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Huw D Summers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul Rees
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John W Wills
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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6
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Luo L, Ni J, Zhang J, Lin J, Chen S, Shen F, Huang Z. Toosendanin induces hepatotoxicity by restraining autophagy and lysosomal function through inhibiting STAT3/CTSC axis. Toxicol Lett 2024; 394:102-113. [PMID: 38460807 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active component in the traditional herb Melia toosendan Siebold & Zucc, which exhibits promising potential for development due to its diverse pharmacological properties. However, the hepatotoxicity associated with TSN needs further investigation. Previous research has implicated autophagy dysregulation in TSN-induced hepatotoxicity, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the mechanisms of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in TSN-induced autophagy inhibition and liver injury were explored using Stat3 knockout C57BL/6 mice and HepG2 cells. TSN decreased cell viability, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production in vitro, and elevated serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels as well as liver lesions in vivo, suggesting TSN had significant hepatotoxicity. TSN inhibited Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 pathway and the expression of cathepsin C (CTSC). Inhibition of STAT3 exacerbated TSN-induced autophagy inhibition and hepatic injury, whereas activation of STAT3 attenuated these effects of TSN. Mechanistically, STAT3 transcriptionally regulated the level of CTSC gene, which in turn affected autophagy and the process of liver injury. TSN-administered Stat3 knockout mice showed more severe hepatotoxicity, CTSC downregulation, and autophagy blockade than wildtype mice. In summary, TSN caused hepatotoxicity by inhibiting STAT3/CTSC axis-dependent autophagy and lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiajie Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Feihai Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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7
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Nielsen IØ, Clemmensen KKB, Fogde DL, Dietrich TN, Giacobini JD, Bilgin M, Jäättelä M, Maeda K. Cationic amphiphilic drugs induce accumulation of cytolytic lysoglycerophospholipids in the lysosomes of cancer cells and block their recycling into common membrane glycerophospholipids. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar25. [PMID: 38117591 PMCID: PMC10916870 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-06-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic organelles responsible for lipid catabolism, and their functions can be disrupted by cationic amphiphilic drugs that neutralize lumenal pH and thereby inhibit most lysosomal hydrolases. These drugs can also induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cancer cell death, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we uncover that the cationic amphiphilic drugs induce a substantial accumulation of cytolytic lysoglycerophospholipids within the lysosomes of cancer cells, and thereby prevent the recycling of lysoglycerophospholipids to produce common membrane glycerophospholipids. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics, we demonstrate that structurally diverse cationic amphiphilic drugs, along with other types of lysosomal pH-neutralizing reagents, elevate the amounts of lysoglycerophospholipids in MCF7 breast carcinoma cells. Lysoglycerophospholipids constitute ∼11 mol% of total glycerophospholipids in lysosomes purified from MCF7 cells, compared with ∼1 mol% in the cell lysates. Treatment with cationic amphiphilic drug siramesine further elevates the lysosomal lysoglycerophospholipid content to ∼24 mol% of total glycerophospholipids. Exogenously added traceable lysophosphatidylcholine is rapidly acylated to form diacylphosphatidylcholine, but siramesine treatment sequesters the lysophosphatidylcholine in the lysosomes and prevents it from undergoing acylation. These findings shed light on the unexplored role of lysosomes in the recycling of lysoglycerophospholipids and uncover the mechanism of action of promising anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mesut Bilgin
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Institute (DCI), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Cell Death and Metabolism, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Talarska P, Błaszkiewicz P, Kostrzewa A, Wirstlein P, Cegłowski M, Nowaczyk G, Dudkowiak A, Grabarek BO, Głowacka-Stalmach P, Szarpak A, Żurawski J. Effects of Spherical and Rod-like Gold Nanoparticles on the Reactivity of Human Peripheral Blood Leukocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:157. [PMID: 38397755 PMCID: PMC10885998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are widely used in the technological and biomedical industries, which is a major driver of research on these nanoparticles. The main goal of this study was to determine the influence of GNPs (at 20, 100, and 200 μg/mL concentrations) on the reactivity of human peripheral blood leukocytes. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the respiratory burst activity and pyroptosis in monocytes and granulocytes following incubation with GNPs for 30 and 60 min. Furthermore, the concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in human blood samples was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after their incubation with GNPs for 24 h. Under the conditions tested in the study, the GNPs did not significantly affect the production of reactive oxygen species in the granulocytes and monocytes that were not stimulated using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in comparison to the samples exposed to PMA (p < 0.05). Compared to the control sample, the greatest significant increase in the mean fluorescence intensity of the granulocytes occurred in the samples incubated with CGNPs = 100 and 200 µg/mL for tinc = 30 and 60 min (p < 0.05). From our results, we conclude that the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles, chemical composition, and the type of nanoparticles used in the unit, along with the unit and incubation time, influence the induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Talarska
- Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (J.Ż.)
| | - Paulina Błaszkiewicz
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (P.B.); (A.D.)
| | - Artur Kostrzewa
- Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (J.Ż.)
| | - Przemysław Wirstlein
- Division of Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Gynecologic Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Michał Cegłowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Nowaczyk
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Alina Dudkowiak
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland; (P.B.); (A.D.)
| | | | | | - Agnieszka Szarpak
- Faculty of Medicine, Uczelnia Medyczna im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie, 00-136 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jakub Żurawski
- Department of Immunobiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (A.K.); (J.Ż.)
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9
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Jeong J, Lee J, Talaia G, Kim W, Song J, Hong J, Yoo K, Gonzalez DG, Athonvarangkul D, Shin J, Dann P, Haberman AM, Kim LK, Ferguson SM, Choi J, Wysolmerski J. Intracellular calcium links milk stasis to lysosome-dependent cell death during early mammary gland involution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:29. [PMID: 38212474 PMCID: PMC10784359 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05044-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Involution of the mammary gland after lactation is a dramatic example of coordinated cell death. Weaning causes distension of the alveolar structures due to the accumulation of milk, which, in turn, activates STAT3 and initiates a caspase-independent but lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) pathway. Although the importance of STAT3 and LDCD in early mammary involution is well established, it has not been entirely clear how milk stasis activates STAT3. In this report, we demonstrate that protein levels of the PMCA2 calcium pump are significantly downregulated within 2-4 h of experimental milk stasis. Reductions in PMCA2 expression correlate with an increase in cytoplasmic calcium in vivo as measured by multiphoton intravital imaging of GCaMP6f fluorescence. These events occur concomitant with the appearance of nuclear pSTAT3 expression but prior to significant activation of LDCD or its previously implicated mediators such as LIF, IL6, and TGFβ3, all of which appear to be upregulated by increased intracellular calcium. We further demonstrate that increased intracellular calcium activates STAT3 by inducing degradation of its negative regulator, SOCS3. We also observed that milk stasis, loss of PMCA2 expression and increased intracellular calcium levels activate TFEB, an important regulator of lysosome biogenesis through a process involving inhibition of CDK4/6 and cell cycle progression. In summary, these data suggest that intracellular calcium serves as an important proximal biochemical signal linking milk stasis to STAT3 activation, increased lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosome-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Jeong
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Talaia
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Wonnam Kim
- Division of Phamacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeon Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - David G Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Diana Athonvarangkul
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jaehun Shin
- Integrated Science Engineering Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pamela Dann
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ann M Haberman
- Departments of Immunobiology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Shawn M Ferguson
- Departments of Cell Biology and of Neuroscience, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jungmin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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10
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Zhang J, Xu Q, Zhang Y, Foda MF, Cai K, Liu Q, Jia F, Wang H, Xu F, Han H, Liang H. Natural bioactive lysosomes extracted from multiple cells for tumor therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 304:122430. [PMID: 38100907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles of biological origin exhibit many unique properties in biological applications due to their exquisite structure, specific composition, and natural biological functionality. In this study, we obtained lysosomes from three distinct cell types (one normal cell and two activated immune cells) and demonstrated their potential as natural therapeutic nanoparticles for tumor therapy. In vitro experiments revealed that these lysosomes maintained their structural integrity, were well-distributed, and exhibited significant biological activity, which effectively induced cancer cell death by generating ROS and disrupting biological substrates. Additionally, in vivo investigations showed that these lysosomes could accumulate in tumor tissues after intravenous administration and exhibited exceptional therapeutic effects through the destruction of tumor blood vessels and the degradation of immunosuppressive proteins, with complete tumor disappearance in a single treatment. This research on the utilization of bioactive lysosomes for tumor treatment provides valuable insights into drug development and tumor treatment, particularly when conventional approaches have proven ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Quan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Mohamed F Foda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Kai Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fan Jia
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Heyou Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Huageng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China; Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei, China.
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11
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Wang P, Du S, Guo C, Ni Z, Huang Z, Deng N, Bao H, Deng W, Lu J, Kong S, Zhang H, Wang H. The presence of blastocyst within the uteri facilitates lumenal epithelium transformation for implantation via upregulating lysosome proteostasis activity. Autophagy 2024; 20:58-75. [PMID: 37584546 PMCID: PMC10761037 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2247747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS ACTB: actin beta; AREG: amphiregulin; ATP6V0A4: ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V0 subunit A4; Baf A1: bafilomycin A1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CLDN1: claudin 1; CTSB: cathepsin B; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; E2: 17β-estradiol; ESR: estrogen receptor; GATA2: GATA binding protein 2; GLA: galactosidase, alpha; GO: gene ontology; HBEGF: heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor; IGF1R: insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; Ihh: Indian hedgehog; ISH: in situ hybridization; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; LCM: laser capture microdissection; Le: lumenal epithelium; LGMN: legumain; LIF: leukemia inhibitory factor; LIFR: LIF receptor alpha; MSX1: msh homeobox 1; MUC1: mucin 1, transmembrane; P4: progesterone; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PCA: principal component analysis; PPT1: palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; PGR: progesterone receptor; PSP: pseudopregnancy; PTGS2/COX2: prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2; qPCR: quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; SP: pregnancy; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peike Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuailin Du
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chuanhui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangli Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Ziying Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Na Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Haili Bao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuangbo Kong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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12
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Chalmers SB, van der Wal T, Fre S, Jonkers J. Fourteenth Annual ENBDC Workshop: Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2023; 28:22. [PMID: 37801168 PMCID: PMC10558360 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fourteenth annual workshop of the European Network for Breast Development and Cancer (ENBDC) on Methods in Mammary Gland Biology and Breast Cancer was held on April 26th - 29th in Weggis, Switzerland. For the first time, early career researchers organised and took part in an additional ECR workshop on the 26th of April, which was received with great enthusiasm. The topics of the main workshop included mammary branching and morphogenesis, novel experimental systems (model organisms), systemic influences on tumour progression and the tumour microenvironment. Novel and recent findings were shared across excellent oral and poster presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tanne van der Wal
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Fre
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Institut Curie, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, Paris, France
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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García-Trevijano ER, Ortiz-Zapater E, Gimeno A, Viña JR, Zaragozá R. Calpains, the proteases of two faces controlling the epithelial homeostasis in mammary gland. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1249317. [PMID: 37795261 PMCID: PMC10546029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1249317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpain-1 and calpain-2 are calcium-dependent Cys-proteases ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues with a processive, rather than degradative activity. They are crucial for physiological mammary gland homeostasis as well as for breast cancer progression. A growing number of evidences indicate that their pleiotropic functions depend on the cell type, tissue and biological context where they are expressed or dysregulated. This review considers these standpoints to cover the paradoxical role of calpain-1 and -2 in the mammary tissue either, under the physiological conditions of the postlactational mammary gland regression or the pathological context of breast cancer. The role of both calpains will be examined and discussed in both conditions, followed by a brief snapshot on the present and future challenges for calpains, the two-gateway proteases towards tissue homeostasis or tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena R. García-Trevijano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Gimeno
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- INLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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14
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Qi Y, Wu H, Zhu T, Liu Z, Liu C, Yan C, Wu Z, Xu Y, Bai Y, Yang L, Cheng D, Zhang X, Zhao H, Zhao C, Dai X. Acetyl-cinobufagin suppresses triple-negative breast cancer progression by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8258-8274. [PMID: 37651362 PMCID: PMC10497018 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of breast cancer (BC) worldwide has increased substantially in recent years. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) refers to a crucial event impacting tumor heterogeneity. Although cinobufagin acts as an effective anticancer agent, the clinical use of cinobufagin is limited due to its strong toxicity. Acetyl-cinobufagin, a pre-drug of cinobufagin, was developed and prepared with greater efficacy and lower toxicity. METHODS A heterograft mouse model using triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, was used to evaluate the potency of acetyl-cinobufagin. Signal transducer and stimulator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/EMT involvement was investigated by gene knockout experiments using siRNA and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Acetyl-cinobufagin inhibited proliferation, migration, and cell cycle S/G2 transition and promoted apoptosis in TNBC cells in vitro. In general, IL6 triggered the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 thereby activating the STAT3 pathway and inducing EMT. Mechanistically, acetyl-cinobufagin suppressed the phosphorylation of the transcription factor STAT3 and blocked the interleukin (IL6)-triggered translocation of STAT3 to the cell nucleus. In addition, acetyl-cinobufagin suppressed EMT in TNBC by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway. Experiments in an animal model of breast cancer clearly showed that acetyl-cinobufagin was able to reduce tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study support the potential clinical use of acetyl-cinobufagin as a STAT3 inhibitor in TNBC adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Qi
- The First People’s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haodong Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianru Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zitian Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Conghui Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congzhi Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiying Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Institute of Life Sciences, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lehe Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dezhi Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohua Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanxuan Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Jeong J, Lee J, Talaia G, Kim W, Song J, Hong J, Yoo K, Gonzalez D, Athonvarangkul D, Shin J, Dann P, Haberman A, Kim LK, Ferguson S, Choi J, Wysolmerski J. Intracellular Calcium links Milk Stasis to Lysosome Dependent Cell Death by Activating a TGFβ3/TFEB/STAT3 Pathway Early during Mammary Gland Involution. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3030763. [PMID: 37398309 PMCID: PMC10312953 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3030763/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Involution of the mammary gland after lactation is a dramatic example of coordinated cell death. Weaning causes distension of the alveolar structures due to the accumulation of milk, which, in turn, activates STAT3 and initiates a caspase-independent but lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) pathway. Although the importance of STAT3 and LDCD in early mammary involution is well established, it has not been entirely clear how milk stasis activates STAT3. In this report, we demonstrate that protein levels of the PMCA2 calcium pump are significantly downregulated within 2-4 hours of experimental milk stasis. Reductions in PMCA2 expression correlate with an increase in cytoplasmic calcium in vivo as measured by multiphoton intravital imaging of GCaMP6f fluorescence. These events occur concomitant with the appearance of nuclear pSTAT3 expression but prior to significant activation of LDCD or its previously implicated mediators such as LIF, IL6 and TGFβ3, all of which appear to be upregulated by increased intracellular calcium. We also observed that milk stasis, loss of PMCA2 expression and increased intracellular calcium levels activate TFEB, an important regulator of lysosome biogenesis. This is the result of increased TGFβ signaling and inhibition of cell cycle progression. Finally, we demonstrate that increased intracellular calcium activates STAT3 by inducing degradation of its negative regulator, SOCS3, a process which also appears to be mediated by TGFβ signaling. In summary, these data suggest that intracellular calcium serves as an important proximal biochemical signal linking milk stasis to STAT3 activation, increased lysosomal biogenesis, and lysosome-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Jeong
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Gabriel Talaia
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - David Gonzalez
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Pamela Dann
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | - Ann Haberman
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
| | | | - Shawn Ferguson
- Yale School of Medicine: Yale University School of Medicine
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16
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Long H, Fang J, Ye L, Zhang B, Hui C, Deng X, Merchant SS, Huang K. Structural and functional regulation of Chlamydomonas lysosome-related organelles during environmental changes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:927-944. [PMID: 36946208 PMCID: PMC10231462 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome-related organelles (LROs) are a class of heterogeneous organelles conserved in eukaryotes that primarily play a role in storage and secretion. An important function of LROs is to mediate metal homeostasis. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a model organism for studying metal ion metabolism; however, structural and functional analyses of LROs in C. reinhardtii are insufficient. Here, we optimized a method for purifying these organelles from 2 populations of cells: stationary phase or overloaded with iron. The morphology, elemental content, and lysosomal activities differed between the 2 preparations, even though both have phosphorus and metal ion storage functions. LROs in stationary phase cells had multiple non-membrane-bound polyphosphate granules to store phosphorus. Those in iron-overloaded cells were similar to acidocalcisomes (ACs), which have a boundary membrane and contain 1 or 2 large polyphosphate granules to store more phosphorus. We established a method for quantifying the capacity of LROs to sequester individual trace metals. Based on a comparative proteomic analysis of these 2 types of LROs, we present a comprehensive AC proteome and identified 113 putative AC proteins. The methods and protein inventories provide a framework for studying the biogenesis and modification of LROs and the mechanisms by which they participate in regulating metal ion metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhua Fang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Lian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Colleen Hui
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Xuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
| | - Sabeeha S Merchant
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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17
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Liu Y, Che X, Yu X, Shang H, Cui P, Fu X, Lu X, Liu Y, Wu C, Yang J. Phosphorylation of STAT3 at Tyr705 contributes to TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosomal pathway dysfunction and leads to ischemic injury in rats. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:160. [PMID: 37210406 PMCID: PMC11072684 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that permanent ischemia induces marked dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in rats, which is possibly mediated by the transcription factor EB (TFEB). However, it is still unclear whether signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is responsible for the TFEB-mediated dysfunction of ALP in ischemic stroke. In the present study, we used AAV-mediated genetic knockdown and pharmacological blockade of p-STAT3 to investigate the role of p-STAT3 in regulating TFEB-mediated ALP dysfunction in rats subjected to permanent middle cerebral occlusion (pMCAO). The results showed that the level of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) in the rat cortex increased at 24 h after pMCAO and subsequently led to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and ALP dysfunction. These effects can be alleviated by inhibitors of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) or by STAT3 knockdown. Additionally, STAT3 knockdown significantly increased the nuclear translocation of TFEB and the transcription of TFEB-targeted genes. Notably, TFEB knockdown markedly reversed STAT3 knockdown-mediated improvement in ALP function after pMCAO. This is the first study to show that the contribution of p-STAT3 (Tyr705) to ALP dysfunction may be partly associated with its inhibitory effect on TFEB transcriptional activity, which further leads to ischemic injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaohang Che
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hanxiao Shang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Peirui Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xianda Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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18
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Yamashima T, Mori Y, Seike T, Ahmed S, Boontem P, Li S, Oikawa S, Kobayashi H, Yamashita T, Kikuchi M, Kaneko S, Mizukoshi E. Vegetable Oil-Peroxidation Product 'Hydroxynonenal' Causes Hepatocyte Injury and Steatosis via Hsp70.1 and BHMT Disorders in the Monkey Liver. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081904. [PMID: 37111122 PMCID: PMC10145254 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hsp70.1 has a dual function as a chaperone protein and lysosomal stabilizer. In 2009, we reported that calpain-mediated cleavage of carbonylated Hsp70.1 causes neuronal death by inducing lysosomal rupture in the hippocampal CA1 neurons of monkeys after transient brain ischemia. Recently, we also reported that consecutive injections of the vegetable oil-peroxidation product 'hydroxynonenal' induce hepatocyte death via a similar cascade in monkeys. As Hsp70.1 is also related to fatty acid β-oxidation in the liver, its deficiency causes fat accumulation. The genetic deletion of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (BHMT) was reported to perturb choline metabolism, inducing a decrease in phosphatidylcholine and resulting in hepatic steatosis. Here, focusing on Hsp70.1 and BHMT disorders, we studied the mechanisms of hepatocyte degeneration and steatosis. Monkey liver tissues with and without hydroxynonenal injections were compared using proteomics, immunoblotting, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopy-based analyses. Western blotting showed that neither Hsp70.1 nor BHMT were upregulated, but an increased cleavage was observed in both. Proteomics showed a marked downregulation of Hsp70.1, albeit a two-fold increase in the carbonylated BHMT. Hsp70.1 carbonylation was negligible, in contrast to the ischemic hippocampus, which was associated with ~10-fold increments. Although histologically, the control liver showed very little lipid deposition, numerous tiny lipid droplets were seen within and around the degenerating/dying hepatocytes in monkeys after the hydroxynonenal injections. Electron microscopy showed permeabilization/rupture of lysosomal membranes, dissolution of the mitochondria and rough ER membranes, and proliferation of abnormal peroxisomes. It is probable that the disruption of the rough ER caused impaired synthesis of the Hsp70.1 and BHMT proteins, while impairment of the mitochondria and peroxisomes contributed to the sustained generation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, hydroxynonenal-induced disorders facilitated degeneration and steatosis in the hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsumori Yamashima
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yurie Mori
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Seike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Sharif Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Piyakarn Boontem
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Oikawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hatasu Kobayashi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
- Department of Cell Metabolism and Nutrition, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kikuchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shuichi Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Eishiro Mizukoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
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19
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Geng Y, Arroyave-Ospina JC, Buist-Homan M, Plantinga J, Olinga P, Reijngoud DJ, Van Vilsteren FGI, Blokzijl H, Kamps JAAM, Moshage H. Differential effects of oleate on vascular endothelial and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells reveal its toxic features in vitro. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109255. [PMID: 36623779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several fatty acids, in particular saturated fatty acids like palmitic acid, cause lipotoxicity in the context of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease . Unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid) protect against lipotoxicity in hepatocytes. However, the effect of oleic acid on other liver cell types, in particular liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), is unknown. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are often used as a substitute for LSECs, however, because of the unique phenotype of LSECs, HUVECs cannot represent the same biological features as LSECs. In this study, we investigate the effects of oleate and palmitate (the sodium salts of oleic acid and palmitic acid) on primary rat LSECs in comparison to their effects on HUVECs. Oleate induces necrotic cell death in LSECs, but not in HUVECs. Necrotic cell death of LSECs can be prevented by supplementation of 2-stearoylglycerol, which promotes cellular triglyceride (TG) synthesis. Repressing TG synthesis, by knocking down DGAT1 renders HUVECs sensitive to oleate-induced necrotic death. Mechanistically, oleate causes a sharp drop of intracellular ATP level and impairs mitochondrial respiration in LSECs. The combination of oleate and palmitate reverses the toxic effect of oleate in both LSECs and HUVECs. These results indicate that oleate is toxic and its toxicity can be attenuated by stimulating TG synthesis. The toxicity of oleate is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction and necrotic cell death. Moreover, HUVECs are not suitable as a substitute model for LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna C Arroyave-Ospina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josée Plantinga
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike G I Van Vilsteren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Blokzijl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan A A M Kamps
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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20
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Sanchez L, Epps J, Wall S, McQueen C, Pearson SJ, Scribner K, Wellberg EA, Giles ED, Rijnkels M, Porter WW. SIM2s directed Parkin-mediated mitophagy promotes mammary epithelial cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2023:10.1038/s41418-023-01146-9. [PMID: 36966227 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionally differentiated mammary gland adapts to extreme levels of stress from increased demand for energy by activating specific protective mechanisms to support neonatal health. Here, we identify the breast tumor suppressor gene, single-minded 2 s (SIM2s) as a novel regulator of mitophagy, a key component of this stress response. Using tissue-specific mouse models, we found that loss of Sim2 reduced lactation performance, whereas gain (overexpression) of Sim2s enhanced and extended lactation performance and survival of mammary epithelial cells (MECs). Using an in vitro model of MEC differentiation, we observed SIM2s is required for Parkin-mediated mitophagy, which we have previously shown as necessary for functional differentiation. Mechanistically, SIM2s localizes to mitochondria to directly mediate Parkin mitochondrial loading. Together, our data suggest that SIM2s regulates the rapid recycling of mitochondria via mitophagy, enhancing the function and survival of differentiated MECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Sanchez
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jessica Epps
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Steven Wall
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cole McQueen
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Scott J Pearson
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kelly Scribner
- Department of Toxicology, CTEH, 5120 Northshore Drive, Little Rock, AR, 72118, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Erin D Giles
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 830 N University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Weston W Porter
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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21
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Fur removal promotes an earlier expression of involution-related genes in mammary gland of lactating mice. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:171-192. [PMID: 36650338 PMCID: PMC9992052 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01474-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Peak lactation occurs when milk production is at its highest. The factors limiting peak lactation performance have been subject of intense debate. Milk production at peak lactation appears limited by the capacity of lactating females to dissipate body heat generated as a by-product of processing food and producing milk. As a result, manipulations that enhance capacity to dissipate body heat (such as fur removal) increase peak milk production. We investigated the potential correlates of shaving-induced increases in peak milk production in laboratory mice. By transcriptomic profiling of the mammary gland, we searched for the mechanisms underlying experimentally increased milk production and its consequences for mother-young conflict over weaning, manifested by advanced or delayed involution of mammary gland. We demonstrated that shaving-induced increases in milk production were paradoxically linked to reduced expression of some milk synthesis-related genes. Moreover, the mammary glands of shaved mice had a gene expression profile indicative of earlier involution relative to unshaved mice. Once provided with enhanced capacity to dissipate body heat, shaved mice were likely to rear their young to independence faster than unshaved mothers.
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22
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Nakamura J, Yamamoto T, Takabatake Y, Namba-Hamano T, Minami S, Takahashi A, Matsuda J, Sakai S, Yonishi H, Maeda S, Matsui S, Matsui I, Hamano T, Takahashi M, Goto M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Sasai M, Yamamoto M, Matsusaka T, Niimura F, Yanagita M, Nakamura S, Yoshimori T, Ballabio A, Isaka Y. TFEB-mediated lysosomal exocytosis alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipotoxicity in the kidney. JCI Insight 2023; 8:162498. [PMID: 36649084 PMCID: PMC9977505 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage kidney disease. We previously found that lysosomal dysfunction and impaired autophagic flux contribute to lipotoxicity in obesity-related kidney disease, in both humans and experimental animal models. However, the regulatory factors involved in countering renal lipotoxicity are largely unknown. Here, we found that palmitic acid strongly promoted dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 pathway in a Rag GTPase-dependent manner, though these effects gradually diminished after extended treatment. We then investigated the role of TFEB in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney disease. Proximal tubular epithelial cell-specific (PTEC-specific) Tfeb-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) exhibited greater phospholipid accumulation in enlarged lysosomes, which manifested as multilamellar bodies (MLBs). Activated TFEB mediated lysosomal exocytosis of phospholipids, which helped reduce MLB accumulation in PTECs. Furthermore, HFD-fed, PTEC-specific Tfeb-deficient mice showed autophagic stagnation and exacerbated injury upon renal ischemia/reperfusion. Finally, higher body mass index was associated with increased vacuolation and decreased nuclear TFEB in the proximal tubules of patients with chronic kidney disease. These results indicate a critical role of TFEB-mediated lysosomal exocytosis in counteracting renal lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nakamura
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Takabatake
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Namba-Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Minami
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Matsuda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sakai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yonishi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shihomi Maeda
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hamano
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maiko Goto
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, and.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medical Science, and
| | - Fumio Niimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoko Yanagita
- Department of Nephrology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, and
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences.,Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Medical and Translational Science, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Long-term impact of hypothyroidism during gestation and lactation on the mammary gland. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:122-131. [PMID: 35670520 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174422000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The functional differentiation of the mammary gland (MG) is fundamental for the prevention of mammary pathologies. This process occurs throughout pregnancy and lactation, making these stages key events for the study of pathologies associated with development and differentiation. Many studies have investigated the link between mammary pathologies and thyroid diseases, but most have ignored the role of thyroid hormone (TH) in the functional differentiation of the MG. In this work, we show the long-term impact of hypothyroidism in an animal model whose lactogenic differentiation occurred at low TH levels. We evaluated the ability of the MG to respond to hormonal control and regulate cell cycle progression. We found that a deficit in TH throughout pregnancy and lactation induces a long-term decrease in Rb phosphorylation, increases p53, p21, Cyclin D1 and Ki67 expression, reduces progesterone receptor expression, and induces nonmalignant lesions in mammary tissue. This paper shows the importance of TH level control during mammary differentiation and its long-term impact on mammary function.
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24
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Palin MF, Caron A, Farmer C. Effects of sustained hyperprolactinemia in late gestation on the mammary parenchymal tissue transcriptome of gilts. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:40. [PMID: 36694114 PMCID: PMC9875420 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gilts experiencing sustained hyperprolactinemia from d 90 to 109 of gestation showed an early onset of lactogenesis coupled with premature mammary involution. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the premature mammary involution observed in these gilts, a transcriptomic analysis was undertaken. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of hyperprolactinemia on the global transcriptome in the mammary tissue of late gestating gilts and identify the molecular pathways involved in triggering premature mammary involution. METHODS On d 90 of gestation, gilts received daily injections of (1) canola oil until d 109 ± 1 of gestation (CTL, n = 18); (2) domperidone (to induce hyperprolactinemia) until d 96 ± 1 of gestation (T7, n = 17) or; (3) domperidone (until d 109 ± 1 of gestation (T20, n = 17). Mammary tissue was collected on d 110 of gestation and total RNA was isolated from six CTL and six T20 gilts for microarray analysis. The GeneChip® Porcine Gene 1.0 ST Array was used for hybridization. Functional enrichment analyses were performed to explore the biological significance of differentially expressed genes, using the DAVID bioinformatics resource. RESULTS The expression of 335 genes was up-regulated and that of 505 genes down-regulated in the mammary tissue of T20 vs CTL gilts. Biological process GO terms and KEGG pathways enriched in T20 vs CTL gilts reflected the concurrent premature lactogenesis and mammary involution. When looking at individual genes, it appears that mammary cells from T20 gilts can simultaneously upregulate the transcription of milk proteins such as WAP, CSN1S2 and LALBA, and genes triggering mammary involution such as STAT3, OSMR and IL6R. The down-regulation of PRLR expression and up-regulation of genes known to inactivate the JAK-STAT5 pathway (CISH, PTPN6) suggest the presence of a negative feedback loop trying to counteract the effects of hyperprolactinemia. CONCLUSIONS Genes and pathways identified in this study suggest that sustained hyperprolactinemia during late-pregnancy, in the absence of suckling piglets, sends conflicting pro-survival and cell death signals to mammary epithelial cells. Reception of these signals results in a mammary gland that can simultaneously synthesize milk proteins and initiate mammary involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-France Palin
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Anouk Caron
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Université Laval, Québec, QC Canada
| | - Chantal Farmer
- grid.55614.330000 0001 1302 4958Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
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25
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Mironov A, Fisher M, Narayanan P, Elsayed R, Karabulutoglu M, Akhtar N. Rac1 controls cell turnover and reversibility of the involution process in postpartum mammary glands. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001583. [PMID: 36656812 PMCID: PMC9851507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell turnover in adult tissues is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis over a life span and for inducing the morphological changes associated with the reproductive cycle. However, the underlying mechanisms that coordinate the balance of cell death and proliferation remain unsolved. Using the mammary gland, we have discovered that Rac1 acts as a nexus to control cell turnover. Postlactational tissue regression is characterised by the death of milk secreting alveoli, but the process is reversible within the first 48 h if feeding recommences. In mice lacking epithelial Rac1, alveolar regression was delayed. This defect did not result from failed cell death but rather increased cell turnover. Fitter progenitor cells inappropriately divided, regenerating the alveoli, but cell death also concomitantly accelerated. We discovered that progenitor cell hyperproliferation was linked to nonautonomous effects of Rac1 deletion on the macrophageal niche with heightened inflammation. Moreover, loss of Rac1 impaired cell death with autophagy but switched the cell death route to apoptosis. Finally, mammary gland reversibility failed in the absence of Rac1 as the alveoli failed to recommence lactation upon resuckling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Mironov
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Fisher
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Narayanan
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Randa Elsayed
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Melis Karabulutoglu
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Nasreen Akhtar
- The Bateson Centre and Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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26
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Biasizzo M, Javoršek U, Vidak E, Zarić M, Turk B. Cysteine cathepsins: A long and winding road towards clinics. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101150. [PMID: 36283280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical research often focuses on properties that differentiate between diseased and healthy tissue; one of the current focuses is elevated expression and altered localisation of proteases. Among these proteases, dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins can frequently be observed in inflammation-associated diseases, which tips the functional balance from normal physiological to pathological manifestations. Their overexpression and secretion regularly exhibit a strong correlation with the development and progression of such diseases, making them attractive pharmacological targets. But beyond their mostly detrimental role in inflammation-associated diseases, cysteine cathepsins are physiologically highly important enzymes involved in various biological processes crucial for maintaining homeostasis and responding to different stimuli. Consequently, several challenges have emerged during the efforts made to translate basic research data into clinical applications. In this review, we present both physiological and pathological roles of cysteine cathepsins and discuss the clinical potential of cysteine cathepsin-targeting strategies for disease management and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Biasizzo
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Javoršek
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Vidak
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miki Zarić
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jamova 39, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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27
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Tanaka T, Warner BM, Michael DG, Nakamura H, Odani T, Yin H, Atsumi T, Noguchi M, Chiorini JA. LAMP3 inhibits autophagy and contributes to cell death by lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Autophagy 2022; 18:1629-1647. [PMID: 34802379 PMCID: PMC9298453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1995150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS A253-control: A253 control for LAMP3 stable overexpression; A253- LAMP3: A253 LAPM3 stable overexpression; CASP1: caspase 1; CASP3: caspase 3; CHX: cycloheximide; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CQ: chloroquine; DCs: dendritic cells; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LGALS3: galectin 3; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HSG-control: HSG control for LAMP3 stable overexpression; HSG-LAMP3: HSG LAMP3 stable overexpression; HSP: heat shock protein; HTLV-1: human T-lymphocyte leukemia virus-1; IXA: ixazomib; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; mAb: monoclonal antibody; OE: overexpression; pepA: pepstatin A; pAb: polyclonal antibody; pSS: primary Sjögren syndrome; qRT-PCR: quantitative real- time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: Sjögren syndrome; UPR: unfolded protein response; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type proton- translocating ATPase; Y-VAD: Ac-YVAD-cmk; Z-DEVD; Z-DEVD-fmk; Z-VAD: Z-VAD- fmk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanaka
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drew G. Michael
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshio Odani
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongen Yin
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Alveolar cells in the mammary gland: lineage commitment and cell death. Biochem J 2022; 479:995-1006. [PMID: 35551601 PMCID: PMC9162463 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland provides a spectacular example of physiological cell death whereby the cells that produce milk during lactation are removed swiftly, efficiently, and without inducing inflammation upon the cessation of lactation. The milk-producing cells arise primarily during pregnancy and comprise the alveolar lineage that is specified by signalling pathways and factors that are activated in response to pregnancy hormones. There are at least two alveolar sub-lineages, one of which is marked by the presence of binucleate cells that are especially susceptible to programmed cell death during involution. This process of post-lactational regression, or involution, is carefully orchestrated and occurs in two phases, the first results in a rapid switch in cell fate with the secretory epithelial cells becoming phagocytes whereupon they destroy dead and dying cells from milk. This reversible phase is followed by the second phase that is marked by an influx of immune cells and a remodelling of the gland to replace the alveolar cells with re-differentiated adipocytes, resulting in a return to the pre-pregnant state in preparation for any subsequent pregnancies. The mouse mammary gland provides an excellent experimental tool with which to investigate lineage commitment and the mechanisms of programmed cell death that occur in a normal physiological process. Importantly, involution has highlighted a role for lysoptosis, a mechanism of cell death that is mediated by lysosomal cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors, serpins. In this review, I discuss alveolar lineage commitment during pregnancy and the programmed cell death pathways that destroy these cells during involution.
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29
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Hitchcock J, Hughes K, Pensa S, Lloyd-Lewis B, Watson CJ. The immune environment of the mammary gland fluctuates during post-lactational regression and correlates with tumour growth rate. Development 2022; 149:275060. [PMID: 35420674 PMCID: PMC9124574 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-lactational mammary gland regression encompasses extensive programmed cell death and removal of milk-producing epithelial cells, breakdown of extracellular matrix components and redifferentiation of stromal adipocytes. This highly regulated involution process is associated with a transient increased risk of breast cancer in women. Using a syngeneic tumour model, we show that tumour growth is significantly altered depending on the stage of involution at which tumour cells are implanted. Tumour cells injected at day 3 involution grew faster than those in nulliparous mice, whereas tumours initiated at day 6 involution grew significantly slower. These differences in tumour progression correlate with distinct changes in innate immune cells, in particular among F4/80-expressing macrophages and among TCRδ+ unconventional T cells. Breast cancer post-pregnancy risk is exacerbated in older first-time mothers and, in our model, initial tumour growth is moderately faster in aged mice compared with young mice. Our results have implications for breast cancer risk and the use of anti-inflammatory therapeutics for postpartum breast cancers. Summary: Mammary gland involution is associated with dynamic changes in immune cell types and numbers at different stages that correlates with the initial rate of growth of implanted tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hitchcock
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sara Pensa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK
| | - Bethan Lloyd-Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christine J. Watson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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Dai W, White R, Liu J, Liu H. Organelles coordinate milk production and secretion during lactation: Insights into mammary pathologies. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101159. [PMID: 35276245 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland undergoes a spectacular series of changes during its development and maintains a remarkable capacity to remodel and regenerate during progression through the lactation cycle. This flexibility of the mammary gland requires coordination of multiple processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, regeneration, stress response, immune activity, and metabolic changes under the control of diverse cellular and hormonal signaling pathways. The lactating mammary epithelium orchestrates synthesis and apical secretion of macromolecules including milk lipids, milk proteins, and lactose as well as other minor nutrients that constitute milk. Knowledge about the subcellular compartmentalization of these metabolic and signaling events, as they relate to milk production and secretion during lactation, is expanding. Here we review how major organelles (endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion, lysosome, and exosome) within mammary epithelial cells collaborate to initiate, mediate, and maintain lactation, and how study of these organelles provides insight into options to maintain mammary/breast health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Robin White
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Martinez-Fabregas J, Tamargo-Azpilicueta J, Diaz-Moreno I. Lysosomes: Multifunctional compartments ruled by a complex regulatory network. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:758-774. [PMID: 35218162 PMCID: PMC8972048 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 50 years have passed since Nobel laureate Cristian de Duve described for the first time the presence of tiny subcellular compartments filled with hydrolytic enzymes: the lysosome. For a long time, lysosomes were deemed simple waste bags exerting a plethora of hydrolytic activities involved in the recycling of biopolymers, and lysosomal genes were considered to just be simple housekeeping genes, transcribed in a constitutive fashion. However, lysosomes are emerging as multifunctional signalling hubs involved in multiple aspects of cell biology, both under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Lysosomes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism through the mTOR/TFEB axis. They are also key players in the regulation and onset of the immune response. Furthermore, it is becoming clear that lysosomal hydrolases can regulate several biological processes outside of the lysosome. They are also implicated in a complex communication network among subcellular compartments that involves intimate organelle‐to‐organelle contacts. Furthermore, lysosomal dysfunction is nowadays accepted as the causative event behind several human pathologies: low frequency inherited diseases, cancer, or neurodegenerative, metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Recent advances in our knowledge of the complex biology of lysosomes have established them as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of different pathologies. Although recent discoveries have started to highlight that lysosomes are controlled by a complex web of regulatory networks, which in some cases seem to be cell‐ and stimuli‐dependent, to harness the full potential of lysosomes as therapeutic targets, we need a deeper understanding of the little‐known signalling pathways regulating this subcellular compartment and its functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Martinez-Fabregas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquin Tamargo-Azpilicueta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Diaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ) - Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
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32
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Vallone SA, Solá MG, Schere-Levy C, Meiss RP, Hermida GN, Chodosh LA, Kordon EC, Hynes NE, Gattelli A. Aberrant RET expression impacts on normal mammary gland post-lactation transition enhancing cancer potential. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274874. [PMID: 35044452 PMCID: PMC8990024 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
RET is a receptor tyrosine kinase with oncogenic potential in the mammary epithelium. Several receptors with oncogenic activity in the breast are known to participate in specific developmental stages. We found that RET is differentially expressed during mouse mammary gland development: RET is present in lactation and its expression dramatically decreases in involution, the period during which the lactating gland returns to a quiescent state after weaning. Based on epidemiological and pre-clinical findings, involution has been described as tumor promoting. Using the Ret/MTB doxycycline-inducible mouse transgenic system, we show that sustained expression of RET in the mammary epithelium during the post-lactation transition to involution is accompanied by alterations in tissue remodeling and an enhancement of cancer potential. Following constitutive Ret expression, we observed a significant increase in neoplastic lesions in the post-involuting versus the virgin mammary gland. Furthermore, we show that abnormal RET overexpression during lactation promotes factors that prime involution, including premature activation of Stat3 signaling and, using RNA sequencing, an acute-phase inflammatory signature. Our results demonstrate that RET overexpression negatively affects the normal post-lactation transition. Summary: We show that RET activation stimulates Stat3 signaling in mammary epithelial cell culture and in vivo during post-lactation transition, demonstrating that the RET receptor participates in the post-lactation transition priming tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina A. Vallone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín García Solá
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina Schere-Levy
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roberto P. Meiss
- Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, Av. Gral. Las Heras 3092, C1425ASU CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gladys N. Hermida
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental (DBBE), Biología de Anfibios-Histología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (FCEN), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lewis A. Chodosh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania (Upenn), 614 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Edith C. Kordon
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nancy E. Hynes
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albana Gattelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET-UBA, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EGA CABA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Luke CJ, Markovina S, Good M, Wight IE, Thomas BJ, Linneman JM, Lanik WE, Koroleva O, Coffman MR, Miedel MT, Gong Q, Andress A, Campos Guerrero M, Wang S, Chen L, Beatty WL, Hausmann KN, White FV, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Orvedahl A, Pak SC, Silverman GA. Lysoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved cell death pathway moderated by intracellular serpins. Commun Biol 2022; 5:47. [PMID: 35022507 PMCID: PMC8755814 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin release typifies lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD). However, LMP occurs in most regulated cell death programs suggesting LDCD is not an independent cell death pathway, but is conscripted to facilitate the final cellular demise by other cell death routines. Previously, we demonstrated that Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) null for a cysteine protease inhibitor, srp-6, undergo a specific LDCD pathway characterized by LMP and cathepsin-dependent cytoplasmic proteolysis. We designated this cell death routine, lysoptosis, to distinguish it from other pathways employing LMP. In this study, mouse and human epithelial cells lacking srp-6 homologues, mSerpinb3a and SERPINB3, respectively, demonstrated a lysoptosis phenotype distinct from other cell death pathways. Like in C. elegans, this pathway depended on LMP and released cathepsins, predominantly cathepsin L. These studies suggested that lysoptosis is an evolutionarily-conserved eukaryotic LDCD that predominates in the absence of neutralizing endogenous inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff J Luke
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Stephanie Markovina
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ira E Wight
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian J Thomas
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Linneman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wyatt E Lanik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie R Coffman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark T Miedel
- Department of Computational and Systems biology, Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arlise Andress
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marlene Campos Guerrero
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Songyan Wang
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - LiYun Chen
- Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kelsey N Hausmann
- Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frances V White
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Neuroscience, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony Orvedahl
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen C Pak
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Silverman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, and Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine and the Children's Discovery Institute of St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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34
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Remy J, Linder B, Weirauch U, Day BW, Stringer BW, Herold-Mende C, Aigner A, Krohn K, Kögel D. STAT3 Enhances Sensitivity of Glioblastoma to Drug-Induced Autophagy-Dependent Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020339. [PMID: 35053502 PMCID: PMC8773829 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain cancer in adults. One reason for the development and malignancy of this tumor is the misregulation of certain cellular proteins. The oncoprotein STAT3 that is frequently overactive in glioblastoma cells is associated with more aggressive disease and decreased patient survival. Autophagy is a form of cellular self digestion that normally maintains cell integrity and provides nutrients and basic building blocks required for growth. While glioblastoma is known to be particularly resistant to conventional therapies, recent research has suggested that these tumors are more sensitive to excessive overactivation of autophagy, leading to autophagy-dependent tumor cell death. Here, we show a hitherto unknown role of STAT3 in sensitizing glioblastoma cells to excessive autophagy induced with the repurposed drug pimozide. These findings provide the basis for future research aimed at determining whether STAT3 can serve as a predictor for autophagy-proficient tumors and further support the notion of overactivating autophagy for cancer therapy. Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating disease and the most common primary brain malignancy of adults with a median survival barely exceeding one year. Recent findings suggest that the antipsychotic drug pimozide triggers an autophagy-dependent, lysosomal type of cell death in GBM cells with possible implications for GBM therapy. One oncoprotein that is often overactivated in these tumors and associated with a particularly dismal prognosis is Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3). Here, we used isogenic human and murine GBM knockout cell lines, advanced fluorescence microscopy, transcriptomic analysis and FACS-based assessment of cell viability to show that STAT3 has an underappreciated, context-dependent role in drug-induced cell death. Specifically, we demonstrate that depletion of STAT3 significantly enhances cell survival after treatment with Pimozide, suggesting that STAT3 confers a particular vulnerability to GBM. Furthermore, we show that active STAT3 has no major influence on the early steps of the autophagy pathway, but exacerbates drug-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and release of cathepsins into the cytosol. Collectively, our findings support the concept of exploiting the pro-death functions of autophagy and LMP for GBM therapy and to further determine whether STAT3 can be employed as a treatment predictor for highly apoptosis-resistant, but autophagy-proficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Remy
- Neuroscience Center, Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Neuroscience Center, Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (B.L.)
| | - Ulrike Weirauch
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (U.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Bryan W. Day
- Sid Faithful Brain Cancer Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Brett W. Stringer
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Sturt Rd., Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Achim Aigner
- Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (U.W.); (A.A.)
| | - Knut Krohn
- Core Unit DNA-Technologies, IZKF, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Donat Kögel
- Neuroscience Center, Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Goethe University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (J.R.); (B.L.)
- German Cancer Consortium DKTK Partner Site Frankfurt/Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-6923
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35
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Li P, Li Q, Biswas N, Xin H, Diemer T, Liu L, Perez Gutierrez L, Paternostro G, Piermarocchi C, Domanskyi S, Wang RK, Ferrara N. LIF, a mitogen for choroidal endothelial cells, protects the choriocapillaris: implications for prevention of geographic atrophy. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 14:e14511. [PMID: 34779136 PMCID: PMC8749470 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of our studies aiming to discover vascular bed-specific endothelial cell (EC) mitogens, we identified leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a mitogen for bovine choroidal EC (BCE), although LIF has been mainly characterized as an EC growth inhibitor and an anti-angiogenic molecule. LIF stimulated growth of BCE while it inhibited, as previously reported, bovine aortic EC (BAE) growth. The JAK-STAT3 pathway mediated LIF actions in both BCE and BAE cells, but a caspase-independent proapoptotic signal mediated by cathepsins was triggered in BAE but not in BCE. LIF administration directly promoted activation of STAT3 and increased blood vessel density in mouse eyes. LIF also had protective effects on the choriocapillaris in a model of oxidative retinal injury. Analysis of available single-cell transcriptomic datasets shows strong expression of the specific LIF receptor in mouse and human choroidal EC. Our data suggest that LIF administration may be an innovative approach to prevent atrophy associated with AMD, through protection of the choriocapillaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Qin Li
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Nilima Biswas
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Hong Xin
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Tanja Diemer
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Lixian Liu
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | | | - Carlo Piermarocchi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Sergii Domanskyi
- Department of Physics and AstronomyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Napoleone Ferrara
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
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36
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Carosi JM, Fourrier C, Bensalem J, Sargeant TJ. The mTOR-lysosome axis at the centre of ageing. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 12:739-757. [PMID: 34878722 PMCID: PMC8972043 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Age‐related diseases represent some of the largest unmet clinical needs of our time. While treatment of specific disease‐related signs has had some success (for example, the effect of statin drugs on slowing progression of atherosclerosis), slowing biological ageing itself represents a target that could significantly increase health span and reduce the prevalence of multiple age‐related diseases. Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is known to control fundamental processes in ageing: inhibiting this signalling complex slows biological ageing, reduces age‐related disease pathology and increases lifespan in model organisms. How mTORC1 inhibition achieves this is still subject to ongoing research. However, one mechanism by which mTORC1 inhibition is thought to slow ageing is by activating the autophagy–lysosome pathway. In this review, we examine the special bidirectional relationship between mTORC1 and the lysosome. In cells, mTORC1 is located on lysosomes. From this advantageous position, it directly controls the autophagy–lysosome pathway. However, the lysosome also controls mTORC1 activity in numerous ways, creating a special two‐way relationship. We then explore specific examples of how inhibition of mTORC1 and activation of the autophagy–lysosome pathway slow the molecular hallmarks of ageing. This body of literature demonstrates that the autophagy–lysosome pathway represents an excellent target for treatments that seek to slow biological ageing and increase health span in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Carosi
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Célia Fourrier
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julien Bensalem
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J Sargeant
- Lysosomal Health in Ageing, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia
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37
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Jeong J, Kadegowda AKG, Meyer TJ, Jenkins LM, Dinan JC, Wysolmerski JJ, Weigert R, Mather IH. The butyrophilin 1a1 knockout mouse revisited: Ablation of Btn1a1 leads to concurrent cell death and renewal in the mammary epithelium during lactation. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:971-997. [PMID: 34938960 PMCID: PMC8664049 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2021-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Butyrophilin 1A1 (BTN1A1) is implicated in the secretion of lipid droplets from mammary epithelial cells as a membrane receptor, which forms a secretion complex with the redox enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XDH). The first evidence that BTN1A1 functions in this process was the generation of Btn1a1 -/- mouse lines, in which lipid secretion was disrupted and large unstable droplets were released into alveolar spaces with fragmented surface membranes. We have revisited one of these mutant mouse lines using RNAseq and proteomic analysis to assess the consequences of ablating the Btn1a1 gene on the expression of other genes and proteins. Disruption of intact Btn1a1 protein expression led to a large build-up of Xdh in the cytoplasm, induction of acute phase response genes and Lif-activation of Stat3 phosphorylation. At peak lactation, approx. 10% of the cells were dying, as assessed by TUNEL-analysis of nuclear DNA. Possible cell death pathways included expression of caspase 8 and activated caspase 3, autophagy, Slc5a8-mediated inactivation of survivin (Birc5), and pStat3-mediated lysosomal lysis, the latter of which is the principal death route in involuting wild type cells. Milk secretion was prolonged by renewal of the secretory epithelium, as evidenced by the upregulation of Ki67 in approx. 10% of cell nuclei and expression of cyclins and Fos/Jun. These data highlight the plasticity of the mammary epithelium and the importance of functional BTN1A1 expression for maintenance of terminally differentiated secretory cells and optimal milk production throughout lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekwang Jeong
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Section of Endocrinology and MetabolismDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticut06520USA
| | - Anil K. G. Kadegowda
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Department of Animal SciencesUniversity of Agricultural Sciences DharwadHubliKarnataka580005India
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics ResourceNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational ScienceFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Lisa M. Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jerry C. Dinan
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - John J. Wysolmerski
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Roberto Weigert
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Ian H. Mather
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular BiologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Casey T, Suarez-Trujillo AM, McCabe C, Beckett L, Klopp R, Brito L, Rocha Malacco VM, Hilger S, Donkin SS, Boerman J, Plaut K. Transcriptome analysis reveals disruption of circadian rhythms in late gestation dairy cows may increase risk for fatty liver and reduced mammary remodeling. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:441-455. [PMID: 34643103 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increased insulin resistance and decreased mammary development in late gestation, nonlactating (dry) cows. The objective was to measure the effect of circadian disruption on transcriptomes of the liver and mammary gland. At 35 days before expected calving (BEC), multiparous dry cows were assigned to either control (CON) or phase-shifted treatments (PS). CON was exposed to 16-h light and 8-h dark. PS was exposed to 16-h light to 8-h dark, but phase of the light-dark cycle was shifted 6 h every 3 days. On day 21 BEC, liver and mammary were biopsied. RNA was isolated (n = 6 CON, n = 6 PS per tissue), and libraries were prepared and sequenced using paired-end reads. Reads mapping to bovine genome averaged 27 ± 2 million and aligned to 14,222 protein-coding genes in liver and 15,480 in mammary analysis. In the liver, 834 genes, and in the mammary gland, 862 genes were different (nominal P < 0.05) between PS and CON. In the liver, genes upregulated in PS functioned in cholesterol biosynthesis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, wound healing, and inflammation. Genes downregulated in liver function in cholesterol efflux. In the mammary gland, genes upregulated functioned in mRNA processing and transcription and downregulated genes encoded extracellular matrix proteins and proteases, cathepsins and lysosomal proteases, lipid transporters, and regulated oxidative phosphorylation. Increased cholesterol synthesis and decreased efflux suggest that circadian disruption potentially increases the risk of fatty liver in cows. Decreased remodeling and lipid transport in mammary may decrease milk production capacity during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Conor McCabe
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Linda Beckett
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Rebecca Klopp
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Luiz Brito
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Susan Hilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shawn S Donkin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jacquelyn Boerman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Karen Plaut
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Liang Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Sun L, Dong X, Li T, Tan L, Xie X, Sun L, Zhao Y. The Development and Survival of Thymic Epithelial Cells Require TSC1-Dependent Negative Regulation of mTORC1 Activity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2039-2050. [PMID: 34535574 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the development and generation of functionally competent T cells. Until now, the mechanism that regulates the survival of TECs is poorly understood. In the current study, we found that Tsc1 controls the homeostasis of medullary TECs (mTECs) by inhibiting lysosomal-mediated apoptosis pathway in mice. TEC-specific deletion of Tsc1 predominately decreased the cell number of mTECs and, to a lesser content, affected the development cortical TECs. The defect of mTECs caused by Tsc1 deficiency in mice impaired thymocyte development and peripheral T cell homeostasis. Mechanistically, Tsc1 deficiency did not affect the cell proliferation of mTECs but increased the apoptosis of mTECs significantly. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that pathways involved in lysosomal biogenesis, cell metabolism, and apoptosis were remarkably elevated in Tsc1-deficient mTECs compared with their wild-type counterparts. Tsc1-deficient mTECs exhibited overproduction of reactive oxygen species and malfunction of lysosome, with lysosome membrane permeabilization and the release of cathepsin B and cathepsin L to the cytosol, which then lead to Bid cleaved into active truncated Bid and subsequently intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, we showed that the impaired development of mTECs could be partially reversed by decreasing mTORC1 activity via haploinsufficiency of Raptor Thus, Tsc1 is essential for the homeostasis of mTECs by inhibiting lysosomal-mediated apoptosis through mTORC1-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanfeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liguang Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; and .,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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40
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Perišić Nanut M, Pečar Fonović U, Jakoš T, Kos J. The Role of Cysteine Peptidases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and Modulation of Immune System Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680279. [PMID: 34335582 PMCID: PMC8322073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are primarily involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments but are also gaining recognition as pivotal proteolytic contributors to various immune functions. Through their extracellular proteolytic activities within the hematopoietic stem cell niche, they are involved in progenitor cell mobilization and differentiation. Cysteine cathepsins, such as cathepsins L and S contribute to antigen-induced adaptive immunity through major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation whereas cathepsin X regulates T-cell migration. By regulating toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine secretion cysteine cathepsins activate innate immune cells and affect their functional differentiation. Cathepsins C and H are expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and are involved in processing of pro-granzymes into proteolytically active forms. Cytoplasmic activities of cathepsins B and L contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of the adaptive immune response by regulating cell death of T and B lymphocytes. The expression pattern, localization, and activity of cysteine cathepsins is tightly connected to their function in immune cells. Furthermore, cysteine cathepsins together with their endogenous inhibitors, serve as mediators in the interplay between cancer and immune cells that results in immune cell anergy. The aim of the present article is to review the mechanisms of dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins and their inhibitors in relation to immune dysfunction to address new possibilities for regulation of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wang Y, Salvucci O, Ohnuki H, Tran AD, Ha T, Feng J, DiPrima M, Kwak H, Wang D, Yu Y, Kruhlak M, Tosato G. Targeting the SHP2 phosphatase promotes vascular damage and inhibition of tumor growth. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14089. [PMID: 34102002 PMCID: PMC8261520 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is oncogenic in cancers driven by receptor-tyrosine-kinases, and SHP2 inhibition reduces tumor growth. Here, we report that SHP2 is an essential promoter of endothelial cell survival and growth in the remodeling tumor vasculature. Using genetic and chemical approaches to inhibit SHP2 activity in endothelial cells, we show that SHP2 inhibits pro-apoptotic STAT3 and stimulates proliferative ERK1/2 signaling. Systemic SHP2 inhibition in mice bearing tumor types selected for SHP2-independent tumor cell growth promotes degeneration of the tumor vasculature and blood extravasation; reduces tumor vascularity and blood perfusion; and increases tumor necrosis. Reduction of tumor growth ensues, independent of SHP2 targeting in the tumor cells, blocking immune checkpoints, or recruiting macrophages. We also show that inhibiting the Angiopoietin/TIE2/AKT cascade magnifies the vascular and anti-tumor effects of SHP2 inhibition by blocking tumor endothelial AKT signaling, not a target of SHP2. Since the SHP2 and Ang2/TIE2 pathways are active in vascular endothelial cells of human melanoma and colon carcinoma, SHP2 inhibitors alone or with Ang2/TIE2 inhibitors hold promise to effectively target the tumor endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Ombretta Salvucci
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hidetaka Ohnuki
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Andy D Tran
- Center for Cancer Research Microscopy CoreLaboratory of Cancer Biology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Taekyu Ha
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jing‐Xin Feng
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michael DiPrima
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hyeongil Kwak
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Dunrui Wang
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and GeneticsCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- Center for Cancer Research Microscopy CoreLaboratory of Cancer Biology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Giovanna Tosato
- Laboratory of Cellular OncologyCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Abstract
An understanding of the anatomy, histology, and development of the equine mammary gland underpins study of the pathology of diseases including galactorrhoea, agalactia, mastitis, and mammary tumour development. This review examines the prenatal development of the equine mammary gland and the striking degree to which the tissue undergoes postnatal development associated with the reproductive cycle. The gland is characterised by epithelial structures arranged in terminal duct lobular units, similar to those of the human breast, supported by distinct zones of intra- and interlobular collagenous stroma. Mastitis and mammary carcinomas are two of the most frequently described equine mammary pathologies and have an overlap in associated clinical signs. Mastitis is most frequently associated with bacterial aetiologies, particularly Streptococcus spp., and knowledge of the process of post-lactational regression can be applied to preventative husbandry strategies. Equine mammary tumours are rare and carry a poor prognosis in many cases. Recent studies have used mammosphere assays to reveal novel insights into the identification and potential behaviour of mammary stem/progenitor cell populations. These suggest that mammospheres derived from equine cells have different growth dynamics compared to those from other species. In parallel with studying the equine mammary gland in order to advance knowledge of equine mammary disease at the interface of basic and clinical science, there is a need to better understand equine lactational biology. This is driven in part by the recognition of the potential value of horse and donkey milk for human consumption, particularly donkey milk in children with 'Cow Milk Protein Allergy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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43
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Mescka CP, de Moura Coelho D, Sitta A, Catarino F, Donida B, Rosa AP, Gonzalez EA, Pinheiro CV, Poletto F, Baldo G, Dutra-Filho CS, Vargas CR. Preliminary results of PBA-loaded nanoparticles development and the effect on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rats submitted to a chemically induced chronic model of MSUD. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1015-1027. [PMID: 33620579 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a genetic disorder that leads the accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine (Leu), isoleucine, valine and metabolites. The symptomatology includes psychomotor delay and mental retardation. MSUD therapy comprises a lifelong protein strict diet with low BCAA levels and is well established that high concentrations of Leu and/or its ketoacid are associated with neurological symptoms. Recently, it was demonstrated that the phenylbutyrate (PBA) have the ability to decrease BCAA concentrations. This work aimed the development of lipid-based nanoparticles loaded with PBA, capable of targeting to the central nervous system in order to verify its action mechanisms on oxidative stress and cell death in brain of rats subjected to a MSUD chronic model. PBA-loaded nanoparticles treatment was effective in significantly decreasing BCAA concentration in plasma and Leu in the cerebral cortex of MSUD animals. Furthermore, PBA modulate the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes, as well as preventing the oxidative damage to lipid membranes and proteins. PBA was also able to decrease the glial fibrillary acidic protein concentrations and partially decreased the reactive species production and caspase-3 activity in MSUD rats. Taken together, the data indicate that the PBA-loaded nanoparticles could be an efficient adjuvant in the MSUD therapy, protecting against oxidative brain damage and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Paula Mescka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - Daniella de Moura Coelho
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Angela Sitta
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Felipe Catarino
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Donida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea Pereira Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil
| | - Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Camila Vieira Pinheiro
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Poletto
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Centro de Terapia Gênica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Fisiologia, UFRGS, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos Severo Dutra-Filho
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-000, Brazil.
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Santagostino SF, Assenmacher CA, Tarrant JC, Adedeji AO, Radaelli E. Mechanisms of Regulated Cell Death: Current Perspectives. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:596-623. [PMID: 34039100 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211005537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Balancing cell survival and cell death is fundamental to development and homeostasis. Cell death is regulated by multiple interconnected signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Regulated cell death (RCD) is implicated in fundamental processes such as organogenesis and tissue remodeling, removal of unnecessary structures or cells, and regulation of cell numbers. RCD can also be triggered by exogenous perturbations of the intracellular or extracellular microenvironment when the adaptive processes that respond to stress fail. During the past few years, many novel forms of non-apoptotic RCD have been identified, and the characterization of RCD mechanisms at a molecular level has deepened our understanding of diseases encountered in human and veterinary medicine. Given the complexity of these processes, it has become clear that the identification of RCD cannot be based simply on morphologic characteristics and that descriptive and diagnostic terms presently used by pathologists-such as individual cell apoptosis or necrosis-appear inadequate and possibly misleading. In this review, the current understanding of the molecular machinery of each type of non-apoptotic RCD mechanisms is outlined. Due to the continuous discovery of new mechanisms or nuances of previously described processes, the limitations of the terms apoptosis and necrosis to indicate microscopic findings are also reported. In addition, the need for a standard panel of biomarkers and functional tests to adequately characterize the underlying RCD and its role as a mechanism of disease is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles-Antoine Assenmacher
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, 6572University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chen XC, Li ZH, Yang C, Tang JX, Lan HY, Liu HF. Lysosome Depletion-Triggered Autophagy Impairment in Progressive Kidney Injury. KIDNEY DISEASES 2021; 7:254-267. [PMID: 34395541 DOI: 10.1159/000515035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular recycling process involving the destruction of damaged organelles and proteins in intracellular lysosomes for efficient nutrient reuse. Summary Impairment of the autophagy-lysosome pathway is tightly associated with multiple kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, proteinuric kidney disease, acute kidney injury, crystalline nephropathy, and drug- and heavy metal-induced renal injury. The impairment in the process of autophagic clearance may induce injury in renal intrinsic cells by activating the inflammasome, inducing cell cycle arrest, and cell death. The lysosome depletion may be a key mechanism triggering this process. In this review, we discuss this pathway and summarize the protective mechanisms for restoration of lysosome function and autophagic flux via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery, lysophagy, and transcription factor EB-mediated lysosome biogenesis. Key Message Further exploring mechanisms of ESCRT, lysophagy, and lysosome biogenesis may provide novel therapy strategies for the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi-Hang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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46
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Yang C, Wang X. Lysosome biogenesis: Regulation and functions. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212053. [PMID: 33950241 PMCID: PMC8105738 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202102001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are degradation centers and signaling hubs in cells and play important roles in cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. Changes in lysosome function are essential to support cellular adaptation to multiple signals and stimuli. Therefore, lysosome biogenesis and activity are regulated by a wide variety of intra- and extracellular cues. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the regulatory mechanisms of lysosome biogenesis, including synthesis of lysosomal proteins and their delivery via the endosome-lysosome pathway, reformation of lysosomes from degradative vesicles, and transcriptional regulation of lysosomal genes. We survey the regulation of lysosome biogenesis in response to nutrient and nonnutrient signals, the cell cycle, stem cell quiescence, and cell fate determination. Finally, we discuss lysosome biogenesis and functions in the context of organismal development and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, and Center for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Marques ARA, Ramos C, Machado-Oliveira G, Vieira OV. Lysosome (Dys)function in Atherosclerosis-A Big Weight on the Shoulders of a Small Organelle. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658995. [PMID: 33855029 PMCID: PMC8039146 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive insidious chronic disease that underlies most of the cardiovascular pathologies, including myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. The malfunctioning of the lysosomal compartment has a central role in the etiology and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Lysosomes are the degradative organelles of mammalian cells and process endogenous and exogenous substrates in a very efficient manner. Dysfunction of these organelles and consequent inefficient degradation of modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and apoptotic cells in atherosclerotic lesions have, therefore, numerous deleterious consequences for cellular homeostasis and disease progression. Lysosome dysfunction has been mostly studied in the context of the inherited lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). However, over the last years it has become increasingly evident that the consequences of this phenomenon are more far-reaching, also influencing the progression of multiple acquired human pathologies, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). During the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, the lysosomal compartment of the various cells constituting the arterial wall is under severe stress, due to the tremendous amounts of lipoproteins being processed by these cells. The uncontrolled uptake of modified lipoproteins by arterial phagocytic cells, namely macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is the initial step that triggers the pathogenic cascade culminating in the formation of atheroma. These cells become pathogenic "foam cells," which are characterized by dysfunctional lipid-laden lysosomes. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the origin and impact of the malfunctioning of the lysosomal compartment in plaque cells. We further analyze how the field of LSD research may contribute with some insights to the study of CVDs, particularly how therapeutic approaches that target the lysosomes in LSDs could be applied to hamper atherosclerosis progression and associated mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R A Marques
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Ramos
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Otília V Vieira
- iNOVA4Health, Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), NOVA Medical School (NMS), Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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48
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Sirt1 coordinates with ERα to regulate autophagy and adiposity. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:53. [PMID: 33723227 PMCID: PMC7960718 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex difference in adiposity has long been recognized but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Previous studies suggested that adiposity was regulated by autophagy in response to energy status change. Here, we show that the energy sensor Sirt1 mediates sex difference in adiposity by regulating autophagy and adipogenesis in partnership with estrogen receptor α (ERα). Autophagy and adipogenesis were suppressed by Sirt1 activation or overexpression, which was associated with reduced sex difference in adiposity. Mechanistically, Sirt1 deacetylated and activated AKT and STAT3, resulting in suppression of autophagy and adipogenesis via mTOR-ULK1 and p55 cascades. ERα induced Sirt1 expression and inhibited autophagy in adipocytes, while silencing Sirt1 reversed the effects of ERα on autophagy and promoted adipogenesis. Moreover, Sirt1 deacetylated ERα, which constituted a positive feedback loop in the regulation of autophagy and adiposity. Our results revealed a new mechanism of Sirt1 regulating autophagy in adipocytes and shed light on sex difference in adiposity.
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Abstract
Wnt signaling is an important morphogenetic signaling pathway best known for its essential role in determining embryonic cell fates; it is often activated to re-specify fetal cells or to maintain the lineage flexibility of somatic stem cells. In this review, we consider the role of this pathway in the remarkable process of differentiation, growth and morphogenesis of the mammary gland during embryogenesis, ductal outgrowth and pregnancy. Specifically, mammary stem cells are compared with stem cells from other tissues, to identify commonalities and differences. Wnt signaling is known to be required to maintain the bipotent basal stem cell present in adult mammary ductal trees, however, the absence of this stem cell has little effect on growth or morphogenesis, and Wnt signaling is not induced during the ductal/alveolar expansion during pregnancy. The evidence for pre-determined hierarchies of mammary epithelial cells is reviewed, together with the role of signaling between mixtures of specified mammary epithelial cells in the maintenance of Wnt-dependent clonagenic stem cells. The dazzling variety of Wnt signaling components expressed by mammary epithelial cells is presented, along with some potential stromal sources of Wnt proteins that may be important starting points for the induction of plasticity in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Alexander
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States.
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Dawson CA, Visvader JE. The Cellular Organization of the Mammary Gland: Insights From Microscopy. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:71-85. [PMID: 33835387 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite rapid advances in our knowledge of the cellular heterogeneity and molecular regulation of the mammary gland, how these relate to 3D cellular organization remains unclear. In addition to hormonal regulation, mammary gland development and function is directed by para- and juxtacrine signaling among diverse cell-types, particularly the immune and mesenchymal populations. Precise mapping of the cellular landscape of the breast will help to decipher this complex coordination. Imaging of thin tissue sections has provided foundational information about cell positioning in the mammary gland and now technological advances in tissue clearing and subcellular-resolution 3D imaging are painting a more complete picture. In particular, confocal, light-sheet and multiphoton microscopy applied to intact tissue can fully capture cell morphology, position and interactions, and have the power to identify spatially rare events. This review will summarize our current understanding of mammary gland cellular organization as revealed by microscopy. We focus on the mouse mammary gland and cover a broad range of immune and stromal cell types at major developmental stages and give insights into important tissue niches and cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Dawson
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 3052, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, 3010, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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