1
|
Teijeiro JM. Unveiling the role of protein kinase A (PKA) activity in bovine oviductal epithelial cells: implications on apoptotic signaling pathways during the estrous cycle. Cell Tissue Res 2024:10.1007/s00441-024-03911-9. [PMID: 39105776 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-024-03911-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
The complex interactome crucial for successful pregnancy is constituted by the intricate network of endocrine and paracrine signaling pathways, involving gametes, embryos, and the female reproductive tract. Specifically, the oviduct exhibits distinct responses to gametes and early embryos during particular phases of the estrus cycle, a process tightly regulated by reproductive hormones. Moreover, these hormones play a pivotal role in orchestrating cyclical changes within oviductal epithelial cells. To unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying these dynamic changes, our study aimed to investigate the involvement of protein kinase A (PKA) in oviductal epithelial cells throughout the estrus cycle and in advanced pregnancy, extending our studies to oviductal epithelial cell in primary culture. By a combination of 2D-gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and mass spectrometry, we identified 17 proteins exhibiting differential phosphorylation status mediated by PKA. Among these proteins, we successfully validated the phosphorylation status of heat shock 70 kDa protein (HSP70), aconitase 2 (ACO2), and lamin B1 (LMNB1). Our findings unequivocally demonstrate the dynamic regulation of PKA throughout the estrus cycle in oviductal epithelial cells. Also, analysis by bioinformatics tools suggest its pivotal role in mediating cyclical changes possibly through modulation of apoptotic pathways. This research sheds light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying reproductive processes, with implications for understanding fertility and reproductive health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Teijeiro
- Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531. S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schiefer S, Hale BG. Proximal protein landscapes of the type I interferon signaling cascade reveal negative regulation by PJA2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4484. [PMID: 38802340 PMCID: PMC11130243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48800-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the intricate dynamic events governing type I interferon (IFN) signaling is critical to unravel key regulatory mechanisms in host antiviral defense. Here, we leverage TurboID-based proximity labeling coupled with affinity purification-mass spectrometry to comprehensively map the proximal human proteomes of all seven canonical type I IFN signaling cascade members under basal and IFN-stimulated conditions. This uncovers a network of 103 high-confidence proteins in close proximity to the core members IFNAR1, IFNAR2, JAK1, TYK2, STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9, and validates several known constitutive protein assemblies, while also revealing novel stimulus-dependent and -independent associations between key signaling molecules. Functional screening further identifies PJA2 as a negative regulator of IFN signaling via its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Mechanistically, PJA2 interacts with TYK2 and JAK1, promotes their non-degradative ubiquitination, and limits the activating phosphorylation of TYK2 thereby restraining downstream STAT signaling. Our high-resolution proximal protein landscapes provide global insights into the type I IFN signaling network, and serve as a valuable resource for future exploration of its functional complexities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Schiefer
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
- Life Science Zurich Graduate School, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin G Hale
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Onodera W, Kawasaki K, Oishi M, Aoki S, Asahi T. Functional Divergence and Origin of the Vertebrate Praja Family. J Mol Evol 2024; 92:21-29. [PMID: 38158403 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Praja family is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, promoting polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrates. It comprises two paralogs, praja1 and praja2. Prior research suggests these paralogs have undergone functional divergence, with examples, such as their distinct roles in neurite outgrowth. However, the specific evolutionary trajectories of each paralog remain largely unexplored preventing mechanistic understanding of functional differences between paralogs. Here, we investigated the phylogeny and divergence of the vertebrate Praja family through molecular evolutionary analysis. Phylogenetic examination of the vertebrate praja revealed that praja1 and praja2 originated from the common ancestor of placentals via gene duplication, with praja1 evolving at twice the rate of praja2 shortly after the duplication. Moreover, a unique evolutionary trajectory for praja1 relative to other vertebrate Praja was indicated, as evidenced by principal component analysis on GC content, codon usage frequency, and amino acid composition. Subsequent motif/domain comparison revealed conserved N terminus and C terminus in praja1 and praja2, together with praja1-specific motifs, including nuclear localization signal and Ala-Gly-Ser repeats. The nuclear localization signal was demonstrated to be functional in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells using deletion mutant, while praja2 was exclusively expressed in the nucleus. These discoveries contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the Praja family's phylogeny and suggest a functional divergence between praja1 and praja2. Specifically, the shift of praja1 into the nucleus implies the degradation of novel substrates located in the nucleus as an evolutionary consequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Onodera
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Kawasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Mizuho Oishi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Shiho Aoki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Toru Asahi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2 Wakamatsu, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan.
- Research Organization for Nano & Life Innovation, Waseda University, 513 Waseda-Tsurumaki, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Panthagani J, Suleiman K, Vincent RC, Ong HS, Wallace GR, Rauz S. Conjunctival transcriptomics in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid. Ocul Surf 2023; 30:142-149. [PMID: 37690517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (OcMMP) is an orphan disease characterized by chronic autoimmune-driven conjunctival inflammation leading to progressive scarring, debilitating symptoms, and blinding sequelae. This feasibility study aims to demonstrate conjunctival genetic transcriptomic analyses as a putative tool for interrogation of pathogenic signaling pathways in OcMMP. METHODS Conjunctival RNA profiling using the NanoString nCounter Human Fibrosis panel was undertaken on RNA extracted from conjunctival swabs obtained from 6 MMP patients (8 eyes; 4 M/2F; median age 78 [range 64-84] years); and 8 age-matched control participants (15 eyes; 3 M/5F; median age 69.5 [range 69-88] years). Data from 770 genes were analyzed with ROSALIND HyperScale architecture and stratified according to the level of clinically visible bulbar conjunctival inflammation. Normalization, fold-changes (≥+1.5-fold or ≤ -1.5-fold) and p-values adjustment (<0.05) using the Benjamini-Hochberg method were calculated. RESULTS 93 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between OcMMP versus controls of which 48 were upregulated, and 45 downregulated. The top 4 upregulated DEGs represented fibrosis (COL3A1, COL1A1, FN1 and THBS1) while the key under-expressed genes (SCIN, HMGS2, XCL1/2) were indicative of ocular surface failure (goblet cell loss, keratinization, vulnerability to secondary infections). Forty-four pathways had a global significance score ≥2, the most significant being those related to extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, synthesis, and degradation. These pathways were accentuated in eyes with visible inflammation. CONCLUSIONS NanoString methodology acquired via a simple conjunctival swab identifies profibrotic genes in OcMMP group and differentiates inflamed eyes. Longitudinal sampling and following investigative intervention will further mechanistic insight and development of novel biomarkers to monitor disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Panthagani
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kusy Suleiman
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel C Vincent
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Corneal and External Diseases Department, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Graham R Wallace
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Saaeha Rauz
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, UK; Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chiuso F, Delle Donne R, Giamundo G, Rinaldi L, Borzacchiello D, Moraca F, Intartaglia D, Iannucci R, Senatore E, Lignitto L, Garbi C, Conflitti P, Catalanotti B, Conte I, Feliciello A. Ubiquitylation of BBSome is required for ciliary assembly and signaling. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e55571. [PMID: 36744302 PMCID: PMC10074118 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, renal abnormalities, postaxial polydactyly, and developmental defects. Genes mutated in BBS encode for components and regulators of the BBSome, an octameric complex that controls the trafficking of cargos and receptors within the primary cilium. Although both structure and function of the BBSome have been extensively studied, the impact of ubiquitin signaling on BBSome is largely unknown. We identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase PJA2 as a novel resident of the ciliary compartment and regulator of the BBSome. Upon GPCR-cAMP stimulation, PJA2 ubiquitylates BBSome subunits. We demonstrate that ubiquitylation of BBS1 at lysine 143 increases the stability of the BBSome and promotes its binding to BBS3, an Arf-like GTPase protein controlling the targeting of the BBSome to the ciliary membrane. Downregulation of PJA2 or expression of a ubiquitylation-defective BBS1 mutant (BBS1K143R ) affects the trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and Shh-dependent gene transcription. Expression of BBS1K143R in vivo impairs cilium formation, embryonic development, and photoreceptors' morphogenesis, thus recapitulating the BBS phenotype in the medaka fish model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giamundo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Borzacchiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Net4Science srl, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Iannucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Lignitto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), CNRS, Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Conflitti
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou X, Torres VE. Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:981963. [PMID: 36120538 PMCID: PMC9478168 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.981963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes shared by many other diseases. Dysfunction of the polycystins, encoded by the PKD genes, is closely associated with disruption of calcium and upregulation of cyclic AMP and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, affecting most downstream regulatory, signaling, and pathophysiologic pathways altered in this disease. Interventions acting on G protein coupled receptors to inhibit of 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production have been effective in preclinical trials and have led to the first approved treatment for ADPKD. However, completely blocking cAMP mediated PKA activation is not feasible and PKA activation independently from cAMP can also occur in ADPKD. Therefore, targeting the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway beyond cAMP production makes sense. Redundancy of mechanisms, numerous positive and negative feedback loops, and possibly counteracting effects may limit the effectiveness of targeting downstream pathways. Nevertheless, interventions targeting important regulatory, signaling and pathophysiologic pathways downstream from cAMP/PKA activation may provide additive or synergistic value and build on a strategy that has already had success. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the role of cAMP and PKA signaling and their multiple downstream pathways as potential targets for emergent therapies for ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- *Correspondence: Xia Zhou, ; Vicente E. Torres,
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Delle Donne R, Iannucci R, Rinaldi L, Roberto L, Oliva MA, Senatore E, Borzacchiello D, Lignitto L, Giurato G, Rizzo F, Sellitto A, Chiuso F, Castaldo S, Scala G, Campani V, Nele V, De Rosa G, D'Ambrosio C, Garbi C, Scaloni A, Weisz A, Ambrosino C, Arcella A, Feliciello A. Targeted inhibition of ubiquitin signaling reverses metabolic reprogramming and suppresses glioblastoma growth. Commun Biol 2022; 5:780. [PMID: 35918402 PMCID: PMC9345969 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03639-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive form of primary brain tumor in the adult population; its high recurrence rate and resistance to current therapeutics urgently demand a better therapy. Regulation of protein stability by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) represents an important control mechanism of cell growth. UPS deregulation is mechanistically linked to the development and progression of a variety of human cancers, including GBM. Thus, the UPS represents a potentially valuable target for GBM treatment. Using an integrated approach that includes proteomics, transcriptomics and metabolic profiling, we identify praja2, a RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, as the key component of a signaling network that regulates GBM cell growth and metabolism. Praja2 is preferentially expressed in primary GBM lesions expressing the wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1). Mechanistically, we found that praja2 ubiquitylates and degrades the kinase suppressor of Ras 2 (KSR2). As a consequence, praja2 restrains the activity of downstream AMP-dependent protein kinase in GBM cells and attenuates the oxidative metabolism. Delivery in the brain of siRNA targeting praja2 by transferrin-targeted self-assembling nanoparticles (SANPs) prevented KSR2 degradation and inhibited GBM growth, reducing the size of the tumor and prolonging the survival rate of treated mice. These data identify praja2 as an essential regulator of cancer cell metabolism, and as a potential therapeutic target to suppress GBM growth. The E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2 is expressed in glioblastoma (GBM), targets the kinase suppressor of Ras 2 for degradation and attenuates oxidative metabolism. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of praja2 siRNA to GBM-bearing mice reduces tumour size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Iannucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenica Borzacchiello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Lignitto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Nele
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara D'Ambrosio
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry SMS, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Genome Research Center for Health, Campus of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Concetta Ambrosino
- Biogem, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy.,Department of Science and Technology University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Senatore E, Iannucci R, Chiuso F, Delle Donne R, Rinaldi L, Feliciello A. Pathophysiology of Primary Cilia: Signaling and Proteostasis Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833086. [PMID: 35646931 PMCID: PMC9130585 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based, non-motile sensory organelles present in most types of growth-arrested eukaryotic cells. They are transduction hubs that receive and transmit external signals to the cells in order to control growth, differentiation and development. Mutations of genes involved in the formation, maintenance or disassembly of ciliary structures cause a wide array of developmental genetic disorders, also known as ciliopathies. The primary cilium is formed during G1 in the cell cycle and disassembles at the G2/M transition. Following the completion of the cell division, the cilium reassembles in G1. This cycle is finely regulated at multiple levels. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy machinery, two main protein degradative systems in cells, play a fundamental role in cilium dynamics. Evidence indicate that UPS, autophagy and signaling pathways may act in synergy to control the ciliary homeostasis. However, the mechanisms involved and the links between these regulatory systems and cilium biogenesis, dynamics and signaling are not well defined yet. Here, we discuss the reciprocal regulation of signaling pathways and proteolytic machineries in the control of the assembly and disassembly of the primary cilium, and the impact of the derangement of these regulatory networks in human ciliopathies.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Jiang L, Thao K, Sussman C, LaBranche T, Palmer M, Harris P, McKnight GS, Hoeflich K, Schalm S, Torres V. Protein Kinase A Downregulation Delays the Development and Progression of Polycystic Kidney Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:1087-1104. [PMID: 35236775 PMCID: PMC9161799 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Upregulation of cAMP-dependent and -independent PKA signaling is thought to promote cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKA-I regulatory subunit RIα is increased in kidneys of orthologous mouse models. Kidney-specific knockout of RIα upregulates PKA activity, induces cystic disease in wild-type mice, and aggravates it in Pkd1 RC/RC mice. Methods: PKA-I activation or inhibition was compared to EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition using Pkd1 RC/RC metanephric organ cultures. The effect of constitutive PKA (preferentially PKA-I) downregulation in vivo was ascertained by kidney-specific expression of a dominant negative RIαB allele in Pkd1 RC/RC mice obtained by crossing Prkar1α R1αB/WT, Pkd1 RC/RC, and Pkhd1-Cre mice (C57BL/6 background). The effect of pharmacologic PKA inhibition using a novel, selective PRKACA inhibitor (BLU2864) was tested in mIMCD3 3D cultures, metanephric organ cultures, and Pkd1 RC/RC mice on a C57BL/6 x 129S6/Sv F1 background. Mice were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age. Results: PKA-I activation promoted and inhibition prevented ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. EPAC activation or PKA-II inhibition had no or only minor effects. BLU2864 inhibited in vitro mIMCD3 cystogenesis and ex vivo P-Ser133 CREB expression and cystogenesis. Genetic downregulation of PKA activity and BLU2864 directly and/or indirectly inhibited many pro-proliferative pathways and were both protective in vivo BLU2864 had no detectable on- or off-target adverse effects. Conclusions: PKA-I is the main PKA isozyme promoting cystogenesis. Direct PKA inhibition may be an effective strategy to treat PKD and other conditions where PKA signaling is upregulated. By acting directly on PKA, the inhibition may be more effective than or substantially increase the efficacy of treatments that only affect PKA activity by lowering cAMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wang
- X Wang, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Li Jiang
- L Jiang, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Ka Thao
- K Thao, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - Caroline Sussman
- C Sussman, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | | | | | - Peter Harris
- P Harris, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| | - G Stanley McKnight
- G McKnight, Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, United States
| | - Klaus Hoeflich
- K Hoeflich, Blueprint Medicines, Cambridge, United States
| | | | - Vicente Torres
- V Torres, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kattan RE, Han H, Seo G, Yang B, Lin Y, Dotson M, Pham S, Menely Y, Wang W. Interactome analysis of human phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid-associated protein network. Mol Cell Proteomics 2022; 21:100195. [PMID: 35007762 PMCID: PMC8864472 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2022.100195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) enzyme family consists of six members. Among them, PLD1/2/6 catalyzes phosphatidic acid (PA) production, while PLD3/4/5 has no catalytic activities. Deregulation of the PLD-PA lipid signaling has been associated with various human diseases including cancer. However, a comprehensive analysis of the regulators and effectors for this crucial lipid metabolic pathway has not been fully achieved. Using a proteomic approach, we defined the protein interaction network for the human PLD family of enzymes and PA and revealed diverse cellular signaling events involving them. Through it, we identified PJA2 as a novel E3 ubiquitin ligase for PLD1 involved in control of the PLD1-mediated mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Additionally, we showed that PA interacted with and positively regulated sphingosine kinase 1. Taken together, our study not only generates a rich interactome resource for further characterizing the human PLD-PA lipid signaling but also connects this important metabolic pathway with numerous biological processes. Defining the interactome of human phospholipase D enzymes and phosphatidic acid. PJA2 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase of phospholipase D1. Phosphatidic acid interacts with and positively regulates sphingosine kinase 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Elizabeth Kattan
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gayoung Seo
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yongqi Lin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Max Dotson
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie Pham
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Yahya Menely
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zapata-Carmona H, Barón L, Kong M, Morales P. Protein Kinase A (PRKA) Activity Is Regulated by the Proteasome at the Onset of Human Sperm Capacitation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123501. [PMID: 34944009 PMCID: PMC8700002 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome increases its activity at the onset of sperm capacitation due to the action of the SACY/PRKACA pathway; this increase is required for capacitation to progress. PRKA activity also increases and remains high during capacitation. However, intracellular levels of cAMP decrease in this process. Our goal was to evaluate the role of the proteasome in regulating PRKA activity once capacitation has started. Viable human sperm were incubated in the presence and absence of epoxomicin or with 0.1% DMSO. The activity of PRKA; the phosphorylation pattern of PRKA substrates (pPRKAs); and the expression of PRKAR1, PRKAR2, and AKAP3 were evaluated by Western blot. The localization of pPRKAs, PRKAR1, PRKAR2, and AKAP3 was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Treatment with epoxomicin changed the localization and phosphorylation pattern and decreased the percentage of pPRKAs-positive sperm. PRKA activity significantly increased at 1 min of capacitation and remained high throughout the incubation. However, epoxomicin treatment significantly decreased PRKA activity after 30 min. In addition, PRKAR1 and AKAP3 were degraded by the proteasome but with a different temporal kinetic. Our results suggest that PRKAR1 is the target of PRKA regulation by the proteasome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Zapata-Carmona
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Lina Barón
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Milene Kong
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Patricio Morales
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento Biomédico, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile; (H.Z.-C.); (L.B.); (M.K.)
- Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramms DJ, Raimondi F, Arang N, Herberg FW, Taylor SS, Gutkind JS. G αs-Protein Kinase A (PKA) Pathway Signalopathies: The Emerging Genetic Landscape and Therapeutic Potential of Human Diseases Driven by Aberrant G αs-PKA Signaling. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:155-197. [PMID: 34663687 PMCID: PMC11060502 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the fundamental concepts of signal transduction and kinase activity are attributed to the discovery and crystallization of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A. PKA is one of the best-studied kinases in human biology, with emphasis in biochemistry and biophysics, all the way to metabolism, hormone action, and gene expression regulation. It is surprising, however, that our understanding of PKA's role in disease is largely underappreciated. Although genetic mutations in the PKA holoenzyme are known to cause diseases such as Carney complex, Cushing syndrome, and acrodysostosis, the story largely stops there. With the recent explosion of genomic medicine, we can finally appreciate the broader role of the Gαs-PKA pathway in disease, with contributions from aberrant functioning G proteins and G protein-coupled receptors, as well as multiple alterations in other pathway components and negative regulators. Together, these represent a broad family of diseases we term the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. The Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies encompass diseases caused by germline, postzygotic, and somatic mutations in the Gαs-PKA pathway, with largely endocrine and neoplastic phenotypes. Here, we present a signaling-centric review of Gαs-PKA-driven pathophysiology and integrate computational and structural analysis to identify mutational themes commonly exploited by the Gαs-PKA pathway signalopathies. Major mutational themes include hotspot activating mutations in Gαs, encoded by GNAS, and mutations that destabilize the PKA holoenzyme. With this review, we hope to incite further study and ultimately the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a wide range of human diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Little recognition is given to the causative role of Gαs-PKA pathway dysregulation in disease, with effects ranging from infectious disease, endocrine syndromes, and many cancers, yet these disparate diseases can all be understood by common genetic themes and biochemical signaling connections. By highlighting these common pathogenic mechanisms and bridging multiple disciplines, important progress can be made toward therapeutic advances in treating Gαs-PKA pathway-driven disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana J Ramms
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Francesco Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Nadia Arang
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Friedrich W Herberg
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - Susan S Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- Department of Pharmacology (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (S.S.T.), and Moores Cancer Center (D.J.R., N.A., J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Laboratorio di Biologia Bio@SNS, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy (F.R.); and Department of Biochemistry, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany (F.W.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Liu X, Yue M, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Luo J, Li W, Bai J, Yao H, Chen Y, Li X, Feng D, Song X. Identification of hub genes in bladder cancer based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis from TCGA database. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 5:e1557. [PMID: 34541834 PMCID: PMC9458504 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Muscular invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a common malignant tumor in the world. Because of their heterogeneity in prognosis and response to treatment, biomarkers that can predict survival or help make treatment decisions in patients with MIBC are essential for individualized treatment. Aim We aimed to integrate bioinformatics research methods to identify a set of effective biomarkers capable of predicting, diagnosing, and treating MIBC. To provide a new theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer. Methods and results Gene expression profiles and clinical data of MIBC were obtained by downloading from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. A dataset of 129 MIBC cases and controls was included. 2084 up‐regulated genes and 2961 down‐regulated genes were identified by differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. Then, gene ontology analysis was performed to explore the biological functions of DEGs, respectively. The up‐regulated DEGs are mainly enriched in epidermal cell differentiation, mitotic nuclear division, and so forth. They are also involved in the cell cycle, p53 signaling pathway, PPAR signaling pathway, and so forth. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis yielded five modules related to pathological stages and grading, of which blue and turquoise were the most relevant modules for MIBC. Next, Using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to identify further hub genes, the screening criteria at p ≤ .05, we found CNKSR1, HIP1R, CFL2, TPM1, CSRP1, SYNM, POPDC2, PJA2, and RBBP8NL genes associated with the progression and prognosis of MIBC patients. Finally, immunohistochemistry experiments further confirmed that CNKSR1 plays a vital role in the tumorigenic context of MIBC. Conclusion The research suggests that CNKSR1, POPDC2, and PJA2 may be novel biomarkers as therapeutic targets for MIBC, especially we used immunohistochemical further to validate CNKSR1 as a therapeutic target for MIBC which may help to improve the prognosis for MIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.,College of Life Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Miao Yue
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jia Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Wuling Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Jiangshan Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Hongmei Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- Department of Recovery Medicine, People's Liberation Army 990 Hospital, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinqiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China.,College of Life Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeng J, Zhang H, Tan Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang X. m6A demethylase FTO suppresses pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis by demethylating PJA2 and inhibiting Wnt signaling. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:277-292. [PMID: 34484859 PMCID: PMC8385122 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the deadliest malignancy of the digestive system and is the seventh most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer continue to increase, and its 5-year survival rate remains the lowest among all cancers. N6-methyladenine (m6A) is the most abundant reversible RNA modification in various eukaryotic messenger and long noncoding RNAs and plays crucial roles in the occurrence and development of cancers. However, the role of m6A in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. The present study aimed to explore the role of m6A and its regulators in pancreatic cancer and assess its underlying molecular mechanism associated with pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Reduced expression of the m6A demethylase, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), was responsible for the high levels of m6A RNA modification in pancreatic cancer. Moreover, FTO demethylated the m6A modification of praja ring finger ubiquitin ligase 2 (PJA2), thereby reducing its mRNA decay, suppressing Wnt signaling, and ultimately restraining the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Altogether, this study describes new, potential molecular therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer that could pave the way to improve patient outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zeng
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Heying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yonggang Tan
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Yunwei Li
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning 110004, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Historical perspective and progress on protein ubiquitination at glutamatergic synapses. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108690. [PMID: 34197891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transcription-translation coupling leads to the production of proteins that are key for controlling essential neuronal processes that include neuronal development and changes in synaptic strength. Although these events have been a prevailing theme in neuroscience, the regulation of proteins via posttranslational signaling pathways are equally relevant for these neuronal processes. Ubiquitin is one type of posttranslational modification that covalently attaches to its targets/substrates. Ubiquitination of proteins play a key role in multiple signaling pathways, the predominant being removal of its substrates by a large molecular machine called the proteasome. Here, I review 40 years of progress on ubiquitination in the nervous system at glutamatergic synapses focusing on axon pathfinding, synapse formation, presynaptic release, dendritic spine formation, and regulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. Finally, I elucidate emerging themes in ubiquitin biology that may challenge our current understanding of ubiquitin signaling in the nervous system.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nano PR, Johnson TK, Kudo T, Mooney NA, Ni J, Demeter J, Jackson PK, Chen JK. Structure-activity mapping of ARHGAP36 reveals regulatory roles for its GAP homology and C-terminal domains. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251684. [PMID: 33999959 PMCID: PMC8128262 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ARHGAP36 is an atypical Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP) family member that drives both spinal cord development and tumorigenesis, acting in part through an N-terminal motif that suppresses protein kinase A and activates Gli transcription factors. ARHGAP36 also contains isoform-specific N-terminal sequences, a central GAP-like module, and a unique C-terminal domain, and the functions of these regions remain unknown. Here we have mapped the ARHGAP36 structure-activity landscape using a deep sequencing-based mutagenesis screen and truncation mutant analyses. Using this approach, we have discovered several residues in the GAP homology domain that are essential for Gli activation and a role for the C-terminal domain in counteracting an N-terminal autoinhibitory motif that is present in certain ARHGAP36 isoforms. In addition, each of these sites modulates ARHGAP36 recruitment to the plasma membrane or primary cilium. Through comparative proteomics, we also have identified proteins that preferentially interact with active ARHGAP36, and we demonstrate that one binding partner, prolyl oligopeptidase-like protein, is a novel ARHGAP36 antagonist. Our work reveals multiple modes of ARHGAP36 regulation and establishes an experimental framework that can be applied towards other signaling proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia R. Nano
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Taylor K. Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Takamasa Kudo
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Nancie A. Mooney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Janos Demeter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Peter K. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - James K. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Senatore E, Chiuso F, Rinaldi L, Intartaglia D, Delle Donne R, Pedone E, Catalanotti B, Pirone L, Fiorillo B, Moraca F, Giamundo G, Scala G, Raffeiner A, Torres-Quesada O, Stefan E, Kwiatkowski M, van Pijkeren A, Morleo M, Franco B, Garbi C, Conte I, Feliciello A. The TBC1D31/praja2 complex controls primary ciliogenesis through PKA-directed OFD1 ubiquitylation. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106503. [PMID: 33934390 PMCID: PMC8126939 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a microtubule‐based sensory organelle that dynamically links signalling pathways to cell differentiation, growth, and development. Genetic defects of primary cilia are responsible for genetic disorders known as ciliopathies. Orofacial digital type I syndrome (OFDI) is an X‐linked congenital ciliopathy caused by mutations in the OFD1 gene and characterized by malformations of the face, oral cavity, digits and, in the majority of cases, polycystic kidney disease. OFD1 plays a key role in cilium biogenesis. However, the impact of signalling pathways and the role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome system (UPS) in the control of OFD1 stability remain unknown. Here, we identify a novel complex assembled at centrosomes by TBC1D31, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2, protein kinase A (PKA), and OFD1. We show that TBC1D31 is essential for ciliogenesis. Mechanistically, upon G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR)‐cAMP stimulation, PKA phosphorylates OFD1 at ser735, thus promoting OFD1 proteolysis through the praja2‐UPS circuitry. This pathway is essential for ciliogenesis. In addition, a non‐phosphorylatable OFD1 mutant dramatically affects cilium morphology and dynamics. Consistent with a role of the TBC1D31/praja2/OFD1 axis in ciliogenesis, alteration of this molecular network impairs ciliogenesis in vivo in Medaka fish, resulting in developmental defects. Our findings reveal a multifunctional transduction unit at the centrosome that links GPCR signalling to ubiquitylation and proteolysis of the ciliopathy protein OFD1, with important implications on cilium biology and development. Derangement of this control mechanism may underpin human genetic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Senatore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Emilia Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luciano Pirone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Bianca Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Net4Science srl, University "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Scala
- Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Raffeiner
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Manuela Morleo
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Brunella Franco
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Science, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Conte
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Biology, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
The field of cAMP signaling is witnessing exciting developments with the recognition that cAMP is compartmentalized and that spatial regulation of cAMP is critical for faithful signal coding. This realization has changed our understanding of cAMP signaling from a model in which cAMP connects a receptor at the plasma membrane to an intracellular effector in a linear pathway to a model in which cAMP signals propagate within a complex network of alternative branches and the specific functional outcome strictly depends on local regulation of cAMP levels and on selective activation of a limited number of branches within the network. In this review, we cover some of the early studies and summarize more recent evidence supporting the model of compartmentalized cAMP signaling, and we discuss how this knowledge is starting to provide original mechanistic insight into cell physiology and a novel framework for the identification of disease mechanisms that potentially opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: cAMP mediates the intracellular response to multiple hormones and neurotransmitters. Signal fidelity and accurate coordination of a plethora of different cellular functions is achieved via organization of multiprotein signalosomes and cAMP compartmentalization in subcellular nanodomains. Defining the organization and regulation of subcellular cAMP nanocompartments is necessary if we want to understand the complex functional ramifications of pharmacological treatments that target G protein-coupled receptors and for generating a blueprint that can be used to develop precision medicine interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel J Lobo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Baro Graf C, Ritagliati C, Stival C, Luque GM, Gentile I, Buffone MG, Krapf D. Everything you ever wanted to know about PKA regulation and its involvement in mammalian sperm capacitation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110992. [PMID: 32853743 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) dependent protein kinase (PKA) is a tetrameric holoenzyme comprising a set of two regulatory subunits (PKA-R) and two catalytic (PKA-C) subunits. The PKA-R subunits act as sensors of cAMP and allow PKA-C activity. One of the first signaling events observed during mammalian sperm capacitation is PKA activation. Thus, understanding how PKA activity is restricted in space and time is crucial to decipher the critical steps of sperm capacitation. It is widely accepted that PKA specificity depends on several levels of regulation. Anchoring proteins play a pivotal role in achieving proper localization signaling, subcellular targeting and cAMP microdomains. These multi-factorial regulation steps are necessary for a precise spatio-temporal activation of PKA. Here we discuss recent understanding of regulatory mechanisms of PKA in mammalian sperm, such as post-translational modifications, in the context of its role as the master orchestrator of molecular events conducive to capacitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Baro Graf
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva (LMR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Carla Ritagliati
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Stival
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermina M Luque
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Reproductive Biology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iñaki Gentile
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mariano G Buffone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Reproductive Biology, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dario Krapf
- Laboratory of Cell Signal Transduction Networks, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET-UNR, Rosario, Argentina; Laboratorio de Medicina Reproductiva (LMR), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Glucose deprivation affects the expression of genes encoding cAMP-activated protein kinase and related proteins in U87 glioma cells in ERN1 dependent manner. Endocr Regul 2020; 54:244-254. [PMID: 33885249 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this investigation was to study the expression of genes encoding cAMP-activated protein kinase catalytic and regulatory A subunits (PRKACA and PRKAR1A) and related proteins such as cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitors A and G (PKIA and PKIG), catalytic subunit A of protein phosphatase 3 (PPP3CA), A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12), and praja ring finger ubiquitin ligase 2 (PJA2) in U87 glioma cells in response to glucose deprivation in both control U87 glioma cells and cells with ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1) knockdown, the major pathway of the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, for evaluation of possible significance of glucose deprivation in ERN1 dependent regulation of glioma growth.Methods. The expression level of PRKA related genes was studied in control (transfected by vector) and ERN1 knockdown U87 glioma cells under glucose deprivation by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results. It was shown that the expression level of PRKACA and PKIA genes was down-regulated in control glioma cells treated by glucose deprivation, but PJA2 gene was up-regulated. At the same time, the expression of four other genes (PRKAR1A, PKIG, AKAP12, and PPP3CA) was resistant to this experimental condition. Furthermore, ERN1 knockdown of glioma cells significantly modified the effect glucose deprivation on the expression almost all studied genes. Thus, treatment of glioma cells with inhibited ERN1 enzymatic activity by glucose deprivation lead to a more significant down-regulation of the expression level of PKIA and to suppression PRKAR1A gene expressions. Moreover, the ERN1 knockdown introduced up-regulation of PKIG and AKAP12 gene expressions in glioma cells treated by glucose deprivation and eliminated the sensitivity of PJA2 gene to this experimental condition.Conclusions. Results of this investigation demonstrated that ERN1 knockdown significantly modified the sensitivity of most studied PRKA related gene expressions to glucose deprivation and that these changes are a result of complex interactions of variable endoplasmic reticulum stress related and unrelated regulatory factors and contributed to the suppression of glioma cell proliferation and their possibly chemoresistance.
Collapse
|
21
|
Gong M, Ye S, Li WX, Zhang J, Liu Y, Zhu J, Lv W, Zhang H, Wang J, Lu A, He K. Regulatory function of praja ring finger ubiquitin ligase 2 mediated by the P2rx3/P2rx7 axis in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1123-C1135. [PMID: 32267716 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00070.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Praja2 (Pja2), a member of the growing family of mammalian RING E3 ubiquitin ligases, is reportedly involved in not only several types of cancer but also neurological diseases and disorders, but the genetic mechanism underlying the regulation of Pja2 in the nervous system remains unclear. To study the cellular and molecular functions of Pja2 in mouse hippocampal neuronal cells (MHNCs), we used gain- and loss-of-function manipulations of Pja2 in HT-22 cells and tested their regulatory effects on three Alzheimer's disease (AD) genes and cell proliferation. The results revealed that the expression of AD markers, including amyloid beta precursor protein (App), microtubule-associated protein tau (Mapt), and gamma-secretase activating protein (Gsap), could be inhibited by Pja2 overexpression and activated by Pja2 knockdown. In addition, HT-22 cell proliferation was enhanced by Pja2 upregulation and suppressed by its downregulation. We also evaluated and quantified the targets that responded to the enforced expression of Pja2 by RNA-Seq, and the results showed that purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel 3 and 7 (P2rx3 and P2rx7), which show different expression patterns in the critical calcium signaling pathway, mediated the regulatory effect of Pja2 in HT-22 cells. Functional studies indicated that Pja2 regulated HT-22 cells development and AD marker genes by inhibiting P2rx3 but promoting P2rx7, a gene downstream of P2rx3. In conclusion, our results provide new insights into the regulatory function of the Pja2 gene in MHNCs and thus underscore the potential relevance of this molecule to the pathophysiology of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Gong
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenwen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kan He
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Swimming regulations for protein kinase A catalytic subunit. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1355-1366. [PMID: 31671183 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) plays a central role in important biological processes including synaptic plasticity and sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Elevations of cAMP trigger release of PKA catalytic (C) subunits from PKA holoenzymes, thereby coupling cAMP to protein phosphorylation. Uncontrolled C subunit activity, such as occurs in genetic disorders in which regulatory subunits are depleted, is pathological. Anchoring proteins that associate with PKA regulatory subunits are important for localising PKA activity in cells. However, anchoring does not directly explain how unrestrained 'free swimming' of C subunits is avoided following C subunit release. In this review, I discuss new mechanisms that have been posited to account for this old problem. One straightforward explanation is that cAMP does not trigger C subunit dissociation but instead activates intact PKA holoenzymes whose activity is restrained through anchoring. A comprehensive comparison of observations for and against cAMP-activation of intact PKA holoenzymes does not lend credence to this mechanism. Recent measurements have revealed that PKA regulatory subunits are expressed at very high concentrations, and in large molar excess relative to C subunits. I discuss the implications of these skewed PKA subunit concentrations, before considering how phosphorylation of type II regulatory subunits and myristylation of C subunits are likely to contribute to controlling C subunit diffusion and recapture in cells. Finally, I speculate on future research directions that may be pursued on the basis of these emerging mechanisms.
Collapse
|
23
|
Bizzarri M. Advances in Characterizing Recently-Identified Molecular Actions of Melatonin: Clinical Implications. APPROACHING COMPLEX DISEASES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7164543 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-32857-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine, was discovered to be a product of serotonin metabolism in the mammalian pineal gland where its synthesis is under control of the light:dark cycle. Besides its regulatory pathway involving ganglion cells in the retina, the neural connections between the eyes and the pineal gland include the master circadian clock, the suprachiasmatic nuclei, and the central and peripheral nervous systems. Since pineal melatonin is released into the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid, it has access to every cell in an organism and it mediates system-wide effects. Subsequently, melatonin was found in several extrapineal organs and, more recently, perhaps in every cell of every organ. In contrast to the pinealocytes, non-pineal cells do not discharge melatonin into the blood; rather it is used locally in an intracrine, autocrine, or paracrine manner. Melatonin levels in non-pineal cells do not exhibit a circadian rhythm and do not depend on circulating melatonin concentrations although when animals are treated with exogenous melatonin it is taken up by presumably all cells. Mitochondria are the presumed site of melatonin synthesis in all cells; the enzymatic machinery for melatonin synthesis has been identified in mitochondria. The association of melatonin with mitochondria, because of its ability to inhibit oxidative stress, is very fortuitous since these organelles are a major site of damaging reactive oxygen species generation. In this review, some of the actions of non-pineal-derived melatonin are discussed in terms of cellular and subcellular physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhong J, Guo C, Hou W, Shen N, Miao C. Effects of MFHAS1 on cognitive impairment and dendritic pathology in the hippocampus of septic rats. Life Sci 2019; 235:116822. [PMID: 31476310 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1 (MFHAS1) on cognitive dysfunction, the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and amyloid β peptide (Aβ) in the hippocampus, as well as dendritic pathology in the hippocampal CA1 region in sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) rats. MAIN METHODS The rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) control group (subjected to sham surgery), 2) control plus Mfhas1 siRNA group (rats received intracerebroventricular injection of Mfhas1 siRNA after sham surgery), 3) CLP plus control siRNA group (rats received intracerebroventricular injection of control siRNA after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)), 4) CLP plus Mfhas1 siRNA group (rats received intracerebroventricular injection of Mfhas1 siRNA after CLP). The learning and memory capabilities of the rats were examined by means of fear conditioning and Barnes maze test. The concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The efficiency of siRNA transfection, MFHAS1 and Aβ expression were detected by Western blotting. Total branch lengths of pyramidal dendrites of the CA1 basilar trees and spine density were determined by Golgi staining. KEY FINDINGS We observed that MFHAS1 knock-down by Mfhas1 siRNA intracerebroventricular injection could improve cognitive impairment, reduce the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and Aβ in the hippocampus induced by CLP, and alleviate the dendritic spinal loss of the pyramidal neurons, as well as increase the dendritic branching of the CA1 basilar trees of septic rats. SIGNIFICANCE MFHAS1 knock-down can alleviate cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and dendritic spinal loss in SAE rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyue Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenting Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rinaldi L, Delle Donne R, Catalanotti B, Torres-Quesada O, Enzler F, Moraca F, Nisticò R, Chiuso F, Piccinin S, Bachmann V, Lindner HH, Garbi C, Scorziello A, Russo NA, Synofzik M, Stelzl U, Annunziato L, Stefan E, Feliciello A. Feedback inhibition of cAMP effector signaling by a chaperone-assisted ubiquitin system. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2572. [PMID: 31189917 PMCID: PMC6561907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of G-protein coupled receptors elevates cAMP levels promoting dissociation of protein kinase A (PKA) holoenzymes and release of catalytic subunits (PKAc). This results in PKAc-mediated phosphorylation of compartmentalized substrates that control central aspects of cell physiology. The mechanism of PKAc activation and signaling have been largely characterized. However, the modes of PKAc inactivation by regulated proteolysis were unknown. Here, we identify a regulatory mechanism that precisely tunes PKAc stability and downstream signaling. Following agonist stimulation, the recruitment of the chaperone-bound E3 ligase CHIP promotes ubiquitylation and proteolysis of PKAc, thus attenuating cAMP signaling. Genetic inactivation of CHIP or pharmacological inhibition of HSP70 enhances PKAc signaling and sustains hippocampal long-term potentiation. Interestingly, primary fibroblasts from autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 16 (SCAR16) patients carrying germline inactivating mutations of CHIP show a dramatic dysregulation of PKA signaling. This suggests the existence of a negative feedback mechanism for restricting hormonally controlled PKA activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Catalanotti
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Enzler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Federica Moraca
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation and Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiuso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Piccinin
- European Brain Research Institute, Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation and Department of Biology, University Tor Vergata, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Verena Bachmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert H Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Biocenter Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Corrado Garbi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz and BioTechMed-Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kanomata N, Kurebayashi J, Koike Y, Yamaguchi R, Moriya T. CD1d- and PJA2-related immune microenvironment differs between invasive breast carcinomas with and without a micropapillary feature. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:76. [PMID: 30651076 PMCID: PMC6335725 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is characterized by its unique morphology and frequent nodal metastasis. However, the mechanism for development of this unique subtype has not been clearly elucidated. The aim of this study was to obtain a better understanding of IMPC. Methods Using representative cases of mixed IMPC, mRNA expression in the micropapillary area and usual invasive area was compared. Then, immunohistochemical analyses for 294 cases (76 invasive carcinomas with a micropapillary feature [ICMF] and 218 invasive carcinomas without a micropapillary feature [ICNMF]) were conducted. Clinicopathological analyses were also studied. Results DNA microarray analyses for mixed IMPC showed that BC-1514 (C21orf118) was commonly upregulated in the micropapillary area. CAMK2N1, CD1d, PJA2, RPL5, SAMD13, TCF4, and TXNIP were commonly downregulated in the micropapillary area. Immunohistochemically, we confirmed that BC-1514 was more upregulated in ICMF than in ICNMF. CD1d and PJA2 were more downregulated in ICMF than ICNMF. All patients with cases of PJA2 overexpression survived without cancer recurrence during the follow-up period, although the differences for disease-free (p = 0.153) or overall survival (p = 0.272) were not significant. Conclusions The CD1d- and PJA2-related tumour microenvironment might be crucial for IMPC. Further study of the immune microenvironment and micropapillary features is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kanomata
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Junichi Kurebayashi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Koike
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rin Yamaguchi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kurume University Medical Center, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Moriya
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School, Matsushima 577, Kurashiki, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Song Y, Lee S, Kim JR, Jho EH. Pja2 Inhibits Wnt/ β-catenin Signaling by Reducing the Level of TCF/LEF1. Int J Stem Cells 2018; 11:242-247. [PMID: 30021253 PMCID: PMC6285291 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of proteins plays an essential role in various cellular processes, including protein degradation, DNA repair, and cell signaling pathways. Previous studies have shown that protein ubiquitination is implicated in regulating pluripotency as well as fate determination of stem cells. To identify how protein ubiquitination affects differentiation of embryonic stem cells, we analyzed microarray data, which are available in the public domain, of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases whose levels changed during stem cell differentiation. Expression of pja2, a member of the RING-type E3 ligase family, was up-regulated during differentiation of stem cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is one of the most important signaling pathways for regulation of the self-renewal and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Pja2 was shown to bind to TCF/LEF1, which are transcriptional factors for Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and regulate protein levels by ubiquitination, leading to down-regulation of Wnt signaling activity. Based on these results, we suggest that E3 ligase Pja2 regulates stem cell differentiation by controlling the level of TCF/LEF1 by ubiquitination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonghee Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Somyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Rae Kim
- Department of Mathematics, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eek-Hoon Jho
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weigand I. Pathogenesis of benign unilateral adrenocortical tumors: focus on cAMP/PKA pathway. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2018; 44:25-32. [PMID: 29963826 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.18.02874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations affecting genes in the cAMP/PKA (protein kinase A) signaling pathway have been described as causative for the pathogenesis of benign unilateral adrenocortical adenomas associated with cortisol over secretion. These include predominantly somatic mutations in the PRKACA gene which encodes the catalytic subunit α of PKA. In addition, mutations in the GNAS gene, coding for the stimulatory G protein α, have been observed in approximately 10% of cortisol producing adenomas (CPA). The mutations render PKA signaling constitutively active and are therefore involved in cortisol over secretion of these tumors. Despite the prominent role of the cAMP/PKA pathway in the pathogenesis of unilateral CPA, also mutations in the CTNNB1 gene, encoding β-catenin, were identified in CPA. However, mutations in β-catenin are not limited to CPA and are not associated with cortisol secretion since they were predominantly found in endocrine-inactive adenomas (EIA) and might hence contribute to tumorigenesis in adrenocortical tissues. In this review, recent findings in the pathogenesis of benign adrenocortical tumors with a particular focus on the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Weigand
- Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany -
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pergolizzi B, Bozzaro S, Bracco E. G-Protein Dependent Signal Transduction and Ubiquitination in Dictyostelium. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102180. [PMID: 29048338 PMCID: PMC5666861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is central for the regulation of virtually all cellular functions, and it has been widely implicated in human diseases. These receptors activate a common molecular switch that is represented by the heterotrimeric G-protein generating a number of second messengers (cAMP, cGMP, DAG, IP3, Ca2+ etc.), leading to a plethora of diverse cellular responses. Spatiotemporal regulation of signals generated by a given GPCR is crucial for proper signalling and is accomplished by a series of biochemical modifications. Over the past few years, it has become evident that many signalling proteins also undergo ubiquitination, a posttranslational modification that typically leads to protein degradation, but also mediates processes such as protein-protein interaction and protein subcellular localization. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has proven to be an excellent model to investigate signal transduction triggered by GPCR activation, as cAMP signalling via GPCR is a major regulator of chemotaxis, cell differentiation, and multicellular morphogenesis. Ubiquitin ligases have been recently involved in these processes. In the present review, we will summarize the most significant pathways activated upon GPCRs stimulation and discuss the role played by ubiquitination in Dictyostelium cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Pergolizzi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AOUS. Luigi, 10043 Orbassano TO, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Bozzaro
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, AOUS. Luigi, 10043 Orbassano TO, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bracco
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, AOU S. Luigi, 10043 Orbassano TO, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Stefan E, Troppmair J, Bister K. Targeting the Architecture of Deregulated Protein Complexes in Cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 111:101-132. [PMID: 29459029 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The architectures of central signaling hubs are precisely organized by static and dynamic protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Upon deregulation, these PPI platforms are capable to propagate or initiate pathophysiological signaling events. This causes the acquisition of molecular features contributing to the etiology or progression of many diseases, including cancer, where deregulated molecular interactions of signaling proteins have been best studied. The reasons for PPI-dependent reprogramming of cancer-initiating cells are manifold; in many cases, mutations perturb PPIs, enzyme activities, protein abundance, or protein localization. Consequently, the pharmaceutical targeting of PPIs promises to be of remarkable therapeutic value. For this review we have selected three key players of oncogenic signaling which are differently affected by PPI deregulation: two (the small G proteins of the RAS family and the transcription factor MYC) are considered "undruggable" using classical drug discovery approaches and in the case of the third protein discussed here, PKA, standard kinase inhibitors, may be unsuitable in the clinic. These circumstances require alternative strategies, which may lie in pharmaceutical drug interference of critical PPIs accountable for oncogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Bister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li J, Wang C, Wu C, Cao T, Xu G, Meng Q, Wang B. PKA-mediated Gli2 and Gli3 phosphorylation is inhibited by Hedgehog signaling in cilia and reduced in Talpid3 mutant. Dev Biol 2017; 429:147-157. [PMID: 28673820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is thought to occur in primary cilia, but the molecular basis of Gli2 and Gli3 activation by Hh signaling in cilia is unknown. Similarly, how ciliary gene mutations result in reduced Gli3 processing that generates a repressor is also not clear. Here we show that Hh signaling inhibits Gli2 and Gli3 phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) in cilia. The cilia related gene Talpid3 (Ta3) mutation results in the reduced processing and phosphorylation of Gli2 and Gli3. Interestingly, Ta3 interacts and colocalizes with PKA regulatory subunit PKARIIβ at centrioles in the cell. The centriolar localization and PKA binding regions are located in the N- and C-terminal regions of Ta3, respectively. PKARIIβ fails to localize at centrioles in some Ta3 mutant cells. Therefore, our study provides the direct evidence that Gli2 and Gli3 are dephosphorylated and activated in cilia and that impaired Gli2 and Gli3 processing in Ta3 mutant is at least in part due to a decrease in Gli2 and Gli3 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chengbing Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Cao
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Meng
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, W404, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Torres-Quesada O, Mayrhofer JE, Stefan E. The many faces of compartmentalized PKA signalosomes. Cell Signal 2017; 37:1-11. [PMID: 28528970 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cellular signal transmission requires the dynamic formation of spatiotemporally controlled molecular interactions. At the cell surface information is received by receptor complexes and relayed through intracellular signaling platforms which organize the actions of functionally interacting signaling enzymes and substrates. The list of hormone or neurotransmitter pathways that utilize the ubiquitous cAMP-sensing protein kinase A (PKA) system is expansive. This requires that the specificity, duration, and intensity of PKA responses are spatially and temporally restricted. Hereby, scaffolding proteins take the center stage for ensuring proper signal transmission. They unite second messenger sensors, activators, effectors, and kinase substrates within cellular micro-domains to precisely control and route signal propagation. A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) organize such subcellular signalosomes by tethering the PKA holoenzyme to distinct cell compartments. AKAPs differ in their modular organization showing pathway specific arrangements of interaction motifs or domains. This enables the cell- and compartment- guided assembly of signalosomes with unique enzyme composition and function. The AKAP-mediated clustering of cAMP and other second messenger sensing and interacting signaling components along with functional successive enzymes facilitates the rapid and precise dissemination of incoming signals. This review article delineates examples for different means of PKA regulation and for snapshots of compartmentalized PKA signalosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna E Mayrhofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhong J, Wang H, Chen W, Sun Z, Chen J, Xu Y, Weng M, Shi Q, Ma D, Miao C. Ubiquitylation of MFHAS1 by the ubiquitin ligase praja2 promotes M1 macrophage polarization by activating JNK and p38 pathways. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2763. [PMID: 28471450 PMCID: PMC5520684 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammation caused by infection. The balance between M1–M2 macrophage polarization has an essential role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. However, the exact mechanism underlying macrophage polarization is unclear. We previously showed that levels of malignant fibrous histiocytoma amplified sequence 1 (MFHAS1) were significantly elevated in septic patients compared with those in nonseptic patients, and involved in the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. In the present study, we explored whether MFHAS1 was involved in macrophage polarization and determined the effect of MFHAS1 on inflammation. We performed in vitro pulldown assays and in vivo co-immunoprecipitation assays and found that E3 ubiquitin ligase praja2 could directly bind to MFHAS1. In situ immunostaining analysis confirmed the colocalization of endogenous praja2 with MFHAS1. We first reported that praja2 promotes the accumulation of ubiquitylated MFHAS1 but does not degrade it. Moreover, our results indicate that MFHAS1 ubiquitylation by praja2 positively regulates TLR2-mediated JNK/p38 pathway and promotes M1 macrophage polarization, M2 to M1 macrophage transformation and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wankun Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhirong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meilin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiqing Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Torres-Quesada O, Röck R, Stefan E. Systematic Quantification of GPCR/cAMP-Controlled Protein Kinase A Interactions. Horm Metab Res 2017; 49:240-249. [PMID: 28427097 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-110791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The diffusible second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) originates from multiple G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cascades activating the intracellular key effector protein kinase A (PKA). Spatially and temporally restricted cAMP-fluxes are directly sensed by macromolecular PKA complexes. The consequences are alterations of molecular interactions, which lead to activation of compartmentalized PKA phosphotransferase activities, regulating a vast array of cellular functions. To decode cell-type and cell-compartment specific PKA functions, the spatio-temporal dynamics of small molecule:protein interactions, protein:protein interactions (PPIs), cAMP-mobilization, and phosphotransferase activities need to be determined directly in the appropriate cellular context. A collection of cell-based reporters has been developed to either visualize or quantitatively measure kinase activities or PKA complex formation/dissociation. In this review, we list a collection of unimolecular and bimolecular PKA biosensors, followed by the specification of the modular design of a Renilla luciferase based protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA) platform for measuring PKA network interactions. We discuss the application spectrum of the PCA reporter to identify, quantify, and dissect dynamic and transient PKA complexes downstream of specific GPCR activities. We specify the implementation of a PCA PKA platform to systematically quantify the concurrent involvement of receptor-cAMP signaling, post-translational modifications, and kinase subunit mutations/perturbations in PKA activation. The systematic quantification of transient PKA network interactions will contribute to a better understanding how GPCR-recognized input signals are streamlined through the compartmentalized and cAMP-interacting PKA signalosome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Torres-Quesada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Röck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
PJA2 ubiquitinates the HIV-1 Tat protein with atypical chain linkages to activate viral transcription. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45394. [PMID: 28345603 PMCID: PMC5366948 DOI: 10.1038/srep45394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription complexes that assemble at the HIV-1 promoter efficiently initiate transcription but generate paused RNA polymerase II downstream from the start site. The virally encoded Tat protein hijacks positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) to phosphorylate and activate this paused polymerase. In addition, Tat undergoes a series of reversible post-translational modifications that regulate distinct steps of the transcription cycle. To identify additional functionally important Tat cofactors, we performed RNAi knockdowns of sixteen previously identified Tat interactors and found that a novel E3 ligase, PJA2, ubiquitinates Tat in a non-degradative manner and specifically regulates the step of HIV transcription elongation. Interestingly, several different lysine residues in Tat can function as ubiquitin acceptor sites, and variable combinations of these lysines support both full transcriptional activity and viral replication. Further, the polyubiquitin chain conjugated to Tat by PJA2 can itself be assembled through variable ubiquitin lysine linkages. Importantly, proper ubiquitin chain assembly by PJA2 requires that Tat first binds its P-TEFb cofactor. These results highlight that both the Tat substrate and ubiquitin modification have plastic site usage, and this plasticity is likely another way in which the virus exploits the host molecular machinery to expand its limited genetic repertoire.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tang S, Yasuda R. Imaging ERK and PKA Activation in Single Dendritic Spines during Structural Plasticity. Neuron 2017; 93:1315-1324.e3. [PMID: 28285819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase A (PKA) play important roles in LTP and spine structural plasticity. While fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors for these kinases had previously been developed, they did not provide sufficient sensitivity for imaging small neuronal compartments, such as single dendritic spines in brain slices. Here we improved the sensitivity of FRET-based kinase sensors for monitoring kinase activity under two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (2pFLIM). Using these improved sensors, we succeeded in imaging ERK and PKA activation in single dendritic spines during structural long-term potentiation (sLTP) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons, revealing that the activation of these kinases spreads widely with length constants of more than 10 μm. The strategy for improvement of sensors used here should be applicable for developing highly sensitive biosensors for various protein kinases. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tang
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Ryohei Yasuda
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, 1 Max Planck Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Weigand I, Ronchi CL, Rizk-Rabin M, Dalmazi GD, Wild V, Bathon K, Rubin B, Calebiro D, Beuschlein F, Bertherat J, Fassnacht M, Sbiera S. Differential expression of the protein kinase A subunits in normal adrenal glands and adrenocortical adenomas. Sci Rep 2017; 7:49. [PMID: 28250426 PMCID: PMC5427838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in protein kinase A catalytic α subunit (PRKACA) were found to be causative for 30-40% of cortisol-producing adenomas (CPA) of the adrenal gland, rendering PKA signalling constitutively active. In its resting state, PKA is a stable and inactive heterotetramer, consisting of two catalytic and two regulatory subunits with the latter inhibiting PKA activity. The human genome encodes three different PKA catalytic subunits and four different regulatory subunits that are preferentially expressed in different organs. In normal adrenal glands all regulatory subunits are expressed, while CPA exhibit reduced protein levels of the regulatory subunit IIβ. In this study, we linked for the first time the loss of RIIβ protein levels to the PRKACA mutation status and found the down-regulation of RIIβ to arise post-transcriptionally. We further found the PKA subunit expression pattern of different tumours is also present in the zones of the normal adrenal cortex and demonstrate that the different PKA subunits have a differential expression pattern in each zone of the normal adrenal gland, indicating potential specific roles of these subunits in the regulation of different hormones secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Marthe Rizk-Rabin
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR810, Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpiteaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Guido Di Dalmazi
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Vanessa Wild
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bathon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Beatrice Rubin
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Bioimaging Center, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Felix Beuschlein
- Medizinische Klinik and Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jérôme Bertherat
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR810, Department of Endocrinology, Reference Center for Rare Adrenal diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpiteaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Central Laboratory, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vriend J, Liu W, Reiter RJ. The pineal gland: A model for adrenergic modulation of ubiquitin ligases. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172441. [PMID: 28212404 PMCID: PMC5315301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A recent study of the pineal gland of the rat found that the expression of more than 3000 genes showed significant day/night variations (The Hartley dataset). The investigators of this report made available a supplemental table in which they tabulated the expression of many genes that they did not discuss, including those coding for components of the ubiquitin proteasome system. Herein we identify the genes of the ubiquitin proteasome system whose expression were significantly influenced by environmental lighting in the Hartley dataset, those that were stimulated by DBcAMP in pineal glands in culture, and those that were stimulated by norepinephrine. PURPOSE Using the Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Conjugation Database (UUCA) we identified ubiquitin ligases and conjugases, and deubiquitinases in the Hartley dataset for the purpose of determining whether expression of genes of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway were significantly influenced by day/night variations and if these variations were regulated by autonomic innervation of the pineal gland from the superior cervical ganglia. METHODS In the Hartley experiments pineal glands groups of rats sacrificed during the day and groups sacrificed during the night were examined for gene expression. Additional groups of rats had their superior cervical ganglia removed surgically or surgically decentralized and the pineal glands likewise examined for gene expression. RESULTS The genes with at least a 2-fold day/night significant difference in expression included genes for 5 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes, genes for 58 ubiquitin E3 ligases and genes for 6 deubiquitinases. A 35-fold day/night difference was noted in the expression of the gene Sik1, which codes for a protein containing both an ubiquitin binding domain (UBD) and an ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain. Most of the significant differences in these genes were prevented by surgical removal, or disconnection, of the superior cervical ganglia, and most were responsive, in vitro, to treatment with a cyclic AMP analog, and norepinephrine. All previously described 24-hour rhythms in the pineal require an intact sympathetic input from the superior cervical ganglia. CONCLUSIONS The Hartley dataset thus provides evidence that the pineal gland is a highly useful model for studying adrenergically dependent mechanisms regulating variations in ubiquitin ligases, ubiquitin conjugases, and deubiquitinases, mechanisms that may be physiologically relevant not only in the pineal gland, but in all adrenergically innervated tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Vriend
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bimodal antagonism of PKA signalling by ARHGAP36. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12963. [PMID: 27713425 PMCID: PMC5059767 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A is a key mediator of cAMP signalling downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors, a signalling pathway conserved in all eukaryotes. cAMP binding to the regulatory subunits (PKAR) relieves their inhibition of the catalytic subunits (PKAC). Here we report that ARHGAP36 combines two distinct inhibitory mechanisms to antagonise PKA signalling. First, it blocks PKAC activity via a pseudosubstrate motif, akin to the mechanism employed by the protein kinase inhibitor proteins. Second, it targets PKAC for rapid ubiquitin-mediated lysosomal degradation, a pathway usually reserved for transmembrane receptors. ARHGAP36 thus dampens the sensitivity of cells to cAMP. We show that PKA inhibition by ARHGAP36 promotes derepression of the Hedgehog signalling pathway, thereby providing a simple rationale for the upregulation of ARHGAP36 in medulloblastoma. Our work reveals a new layer of PKA regulation that may play an important role in development and disease.
Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key mediator of cyclic AMP signalling. Here, Eccles et al. show that ARHGAP36 antagonizes PKA by acting as a kinase inhibitor and targeting the catalytic subunit for endolysosomal degradation, thus reducing sensitivity of cells to cAMP and promoting Hedgehog signalling.
Collapse
|
40
|
Rinaldi L, Delle Donne R, Sepe M, Porpora M, Garbi C, Chiuso F, Gallo A, Parisi S, Russo L, Bachmann V, Huber RG, Stefan E, Russo T, Feliciello A. praja2 regulates KSR1 stability and mitogenic signaling. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2230. [PMID: 27195677 PMCID: PMC4917648 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) has a fundamental role in mitogenic signaling by scaffolding components of the Ras/MAP kinase pathway. In response to Ras activation, KSR1 assembles a tripartite kinase complex that optimally transfers signals generated at the cell membrane to activate ERK. We describe a novel mechanism of ERK attenuation based on ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of KSR1. Stimulation of membrane receptors by hormones or growth factors induced KSR1 polyubiquitination, which paralleled a decline of ERK1/2 signaling. We identified praja2 as the E3 ligase that ubiquitylates KSR1. We showed that praja2-dependent regulation of KSR1 is involved in the growth of cancer cells and in the maintenance of undifferentiated pluripotent state in mouse embryonic stem cells. The dynamic interplay between the ubiquitin system and the kinase scaffold of the Ras pathway shapes the activation profile of the mitogenic cascade. By controlling KSR1 levels, praja2 directly affects compartmentalized ERK activities, impacting on physiological events required for cell proliferation and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - R Delle Donne
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - M Sepe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - M Porpora
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - C Garbi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - F Chiuso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - A Gallo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - S Parisi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - L Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - V Bachmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - R G Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - E Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - T Russo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - A Feliciello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, IEOS-CNR, CEINGE University Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Park H, Yang J, Kim R, Li Y, Lee Y, Lee C, Park J, Lee D, Kim H, Kim E. Mice lacking the PSD-95-interacting E3 ligase, Dorfin/Rnf19a, display reduced adult neurogenesis, enhanced long-term potentiation, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16410. [PMID: 26553645 PMCID: PMC4639748 DOI: 10.1038/srep16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination has a significant influence on diverse aspects of neuronal development and function. Dorfin, also known as Rnf19a, is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, but its in vivo functions have not been explored. We report here that Dorfin is a novel binding partner of the excitatory postsynaptic scaffolding protein PSD-95. Dorfin-mutant (Dorfin(-/-)) mice show reduced adult neurogenesis and enhanced long-term potentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, but normal long-term potentiation in the CA1 region. Behaviorally, Dorfin(-/-) mice show impaired contextual fear conditioning, but normal levels of cued fear conditioning, fear extinction, spatial learning and memory, object recognition memory, spatial working memory, and pattern separation. Using a proteomic approach, we also identify a number of proteins whose ubiquitination levels are decreased in the Dorfin(-/-) brain. These results suggest that Dorfin may regulate adult neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and contextual fear memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanwool Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinhee Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Ryunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Yeunkum Lee
- Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Chungwoo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jongil Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Dongmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21. Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Brain Korea 21. Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 136-704, Korea
| | - Eunjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.,Center for Synaptic Brain Dysfunctions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sbiera S, Deutschbein T, Weigand I, Reincke M, Fassnacht M, Allolio B. The New Molecular Landscape of Cushing's Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:573-583. [PMID: 26412158 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is caused by corticotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas and results in substantial morbidity and mortality. Its molecular basis has remained poorly understood until the past few years, when several proteins and genes [such as testicular orphan nuclear receptor 4 (TR4) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90)] were found to play key roles in the disease. Most recently, mutations in the gene of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) increasing its deubiquination activity were discovered in a high percentage of corticotroph adenomas. Here, we will discuss emerging insights in the molecular alterations that finally result in CD. The therapeutic potential of these findings needs to be carefully evaluated in the near future, hopefully resulting in new treatment options for this devastating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Sbiera
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Deutschbein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Weigand
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Reincke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Bruno Allolio
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, University Hospital Würzburg, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mechanisms of cyclic AMP/protein kinase A- and glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis using S49 lymphoma cells as a model system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12681-6. [PMID: 26417071 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1516057112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) and glucocorticoids promote the death of many cell types, including cells of hematopoietic origin. In wild-type (WT) S49 T-lymphoma cells, signaling by cAMP and glucocorticoids converges on the induction of the proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-family protein Bim to produce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Kin(-), a clonal variant of WT S49 cells, lacks PKA catalytic (PKA-Cα) activity and is resistant to cAMP-mediated apoptosis. Using sorbitol density gradient fractionation, we show here that in kin(-) S49 cells PKA-Cα is not only depleted but the residual PKA-Cα mislocalizes to heavier cell fractions and is not phosphorylated at two conserved residues (Ser(338) or Thr(197)). In WT S49 cells, PKA-regulatory subunit I (RI) and Bim coimmunoprecipitate upon treatment with cAMP analogs and forskolin (which increases endogenous cAMP concentrations). By contrast, in kin(-) cells, expression of PKA-RIα and Bim is prominently decreased, and increases in cAMP do not increase Bim expression. Even so, kin(-) cells undergo apoptosis in response to treatment with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex). In WT cells, glucorticoid-mediated apoptosis involves an increase in Bim, but in kin(-) cells, Dex-promoted cell death appears to occur by a caspase 3-independent apoptosis-inducing factor pathway. Thus, although cAMP/PKA-Cα and PKA-R1α/Bim mediate apoptotic cell death in WT S49 cells, kin(-) cells resist this response because of lower levels of PKA-Cα and PKA-RIα subunits as well as Bim. The findings for Dex-promoted apoptosis imply that these lymphoma cells have adapted to selective pressure that promotes cell death by altering canonical signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
44
|
Dema A, Perets E, Schulz MS, Deák VA, Klussmann E. Pharmacological targeting of AKAP-directed compartmentalized cAMP signalling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2474-87. [PMID: 26386412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) can bind and activate protein kinase A (PKA). The cAMP/PKA system is ubiquitous and involved in a wide array of biological processes and therefore requires tight spatial and temporal regulation. Important components of the safeguard system are the A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs), a heterogeneous family of scaffolding proteins defined by its ability to directly bind PKA. AKAPs tether PKA to specific subcellular compartments, and they bind further interaction partners to create local signalling hubs. The recent discovery of new AKAPs and advances in the field that shed light on the relevance of these hubs for human disease highlight unique opportunities for pharmacological modulation. This review exemplifies how interference with signalling, particularly cAMP signalling, at such hubs can reshape signalling responses and discusses how this could lead to novel pharmacological concepts for the treatment of disease with an unmet medical need such as cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dema
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Perets
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maike Svenja Schulz
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Anita Deák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; DZHK, German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Oudenarder Straße 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rinaldi L, Sepe M, Donne RD, Feliciello A. A dynamic interface between ubiquitylation and cAMP signaling. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:177. [PMID: 26388770 PMCID: PMC4559665 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation waves drive the propagation of signals generated in response to hormones and growth factors in target cells. cAMP is an ancient second messenger implicated in key biological functions. In mammals, most of the effects elicited by cAMP are mediated by protein kinase A (PKA). Activation of the kinase by cAMP results in the phosphorylation of a variety of cellular substrates, leading to differentiation, proliferation, survival, metabolism. The identification of scaffold proteins, namely A-Kinase Anchor proteins (AKAPs), that localize PKA in specific cellular districts, provided critical cues for our understanding of the role played by cAMP in cell biology. Multivalent complexes are assembled by AKAPs and include signaling enzymes, mRNAs, adapter molecules, receptors and ion channels. A novel development derived from the molecular analysis of these complexes nucleated by AKAPs is represented by the presence of components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). More to it, the AKAP complex can be regulated by the UPS, eliciting relevant effects on downstream cAMP signals. This represents a novel, yet previously unpredicted interface between compartmentalized signaling and the UPS. We anticipate that impairment of these regulatory mechanisms could promote cell dysfunction and disease. Here, we will focus on the reciprocal regulation between cAMP signaling and UPS, and its relevance to human degenerative and proliferative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rinaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Sepe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Delle Donne
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Feliciello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II , Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Röck R, Mayrhofer JE, Bachmann V, Stefan E. Impact of kinase activating and inactivating patient mutations on binary PKA interactions. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:170. [PMID: 26347651 PMCID: PMC4539479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger molecule cAMP links extracellular signals to intracellular responses. The main cellular cAMP effector is the compartmentalized protein kinase A (PKA). Upon receptor initiated cAMP-mobilization, PKA regulatory subunits (R) bind cAMP thereby triggering dissociation and activation of bound PKA catalytic subunits (PKAc). Mutations in PKAc or RIa subunits manipulate PKA dynamics and activities which contribute to specific disease patterns. Mutations activating cAMP/PKA signaling contribute to carcinogenesis or hormone excess, while inactivating mutations cause hormone deficiency or resistance. Here we extended the application spectrum of a Protein-fragment Complementation Assay based on the Renilla Luciferase to determine binary protein:protein interactions (PPIs) of the PKA network. We compared time- and dose-dependent influences of cAMP-elevation on mutually exclusive PPIs of PKAc with the phosphotransferase inhibiting RIIb and RIa subunits and the protein kinase inhibitor peptide (PKI). We analyzed PKA dynamics following integration of patient mutations into PKAc and RIa. We observed that oncogenic modifications of PKAc(L206R) and RIa(Δ184-236) as well as rare disease mutations in RIa(R368X) affect complex formation of PKA and its responsiveness to cAMP elevation. With the cell-based PKA PPI reporter platform we precisely quantified the mechanistic details how inhibitory PKA interactions and defined patient mutations contribute to PKA functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of InnsbruckInnsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Spaich S, Katus HA, Backs J. Ongoing controversies surrounding cardiac remodeling: is it black and white-or rather fifty shades of gray? Front Physiol 2015; 6:202. [PMID: 26257654 PMCID: PMC4510775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac remodeling describes the heart's multimodal response to a myriad of external or intrinsic stimuli and stressors most of which are probably only incompletely elucidated to date. Over many years the signaling molecules involved in these remodeling processes have been dichotomized according to a classic antagonistic view of black and white, i.e., attributed either a solely maladaptive or entirely beneficial character. By dissecting controversies, recent developments and shifts in perspective surrounding the three major cardiac signaling molecules calcineurin (Cn), protein kinase A (PKA) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), this review challenges this dualistic view and advocates the nature and dignity of each of these key mediators of cardiac remodeling as a multilayered, highly context-sensitive and sophisticated continuum that can be markedly swayed and influenced by a multitude of environmental factors and crosstalk mechanisms. Furthermore this review delineates the importance and essential contributions of degradation and proteolysis to cardiac plasticity and homeostasis and finally aims to integrate the various aspects of protein synthesis and turnover into a comprehensive picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Spaich
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Research Unit Cardiac Epigenetics, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg/MannheimHeidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Röck R, Bachmann V, Bhang HEC, Malleshaiah M, Raffeiner P, Mayrhofer JE, Tschaikner PM, Bister K, Aanstad P, Pomper MG, Michnick SW, Stefan E. In-vivo detection of binary PKA network interactions upon activation of endogenous GPCRs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11133. [PMID: 26099953 PMCID: PMC4477410 DOI: 10.1038/srep11133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane receptor-sensed input signals affect and modulate intracellular protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Consequent changes occur to the compositions of protein complexes, protein localization and intermolecular binding affinities. Alterations of compartmentalized PPIs emanating from certain deregulated kinases are implicated in the manifestation of diseases such as cancer. Here we describe the application of a genetically encoded Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) based on the Renilla Luciferase (Rluc) enzyme to compare binary PPIs of the spatially and temporally controlled protein kinase A (PKA) network in diverse eukaryotic model systems. The simplicity and sensitivity of this cell-based reporter allows for real-time recordings of mutually exclusive PPIs of PKA upon activation of selected endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cancer cells, xenografts of mice, budding yeast, and zebrafish embryos. This extends the application spectrum of Rluc PCA for the quantification of PPI-based receptor-effector relationships in physiological and pathological model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Röck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Bachmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hyo-Eun C Bhang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Mohan Malleshaiah
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philipp Raffeiner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johanna E Mayrhofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp M Tschaikner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Bister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pia Aanstad
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephen W Michnick
- Département de Biochimie, Université de Montréal, H3C 3J7 Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Eduard Stefan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lomas O, Zaccolo M. Phosphodiesterases maintain signaling fidelity via compartmentalization of cyclic nucleotides. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 29:141-9. [PMID: 24583770 PMCID: PMC3949206 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00040.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel technological advances have improved our understanding of how cyclic nucleotides are able to convey signals faithfully between cellular compartments. Phosphodiesterases play a crucial role in shaping these signals in health and disease. The concept of compartmentalization is guiding the search for therapies that have the potential to offer greater efficacy and tolerability compared with current treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Lomas
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Proteolytic control of neurite outgrowth inhibitor NOGO-A by the cAMP/PKA pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15729-34. [PMID: 25331889 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410274111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) controls major aspects of neurite outgrowth and morphogenesis and plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity and memory. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of PKA action on neurite sprouting and activity are still unknown. Here, we report that in response to neurotrophin or cAMP stimulation the RING ligase praja2 ubiquitinates and degrades NOGO-A, a major inhibitor of neurite outgrowth in mammalian brain. Genetic silencing of praja2 severely inhibited neurite extension of differentiating neuroblastoma cells and mesencephalic neurons and axon outgrowth and sprouting of striatal terminals in developing rat brain. This phenotype was rescued when both praja2 and NOGO-A were depleted, suggesting that NOGO-A is, indeed, a biologically relevant target of praja2 in neuronal cells. Our findings unveil a novel mechanism that functionally couples cAMP signaling with the proteolytic turnover of NOGO-A, positively impacting on neurite outgrowth in mammalian brain.
Collapse
|