1
|
Zucca F, Visintin C, Li J, Gygi SP, Visintin R. APC/CCdc20-mediated degradation of Clb4 prompts astral microtubule stabilization at anaphase onset. J Cell Biol 2022; 222:213563. [PMID: 36269172 PMCID: PMC9595209 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202203089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key for accurate chromosome partitioning to the offspring is the ability of mitotic spindle microtubules to respond to different molecular signals and remodel their dynamics accordingly. Spindle microtubules are conventionally divided into three classes: kinetochore, interpolar, and astral microtubules (kMTs, iMTs, and aMTs, respectively). Among all, aMT regulation remains elusive. Here, we show that aMT dynamics are tightly regulated. aMTs remain unstable up to metaphase and are stabilized at anaphase onset. This switch in aMT dynamics, important for proper spindle orientation, specifically requires the degradation of the mitotic cyclin Clb4 by the Anaphase Promoting Complex bound to its activator subunit Cdc20 (APC/CCdc20). These data highlight a unique role for mitotic cyclin Clb4 in controlling aMT regulating factors, of which Kip2 is a prime candidate, provide a framework to understand aMT regulation in vertebrates, and uncover mechanistic principles of how the APC/CCdc20 choreographs the timing of late mitotic events by sequentially impacting on the three classes of spindle microtubules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Zucca
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jiaming Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Steven P. Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rosella Visintin
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy,Correspondence to Rosella Visintin:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Topoisomerase II deficiency leads to a postreplicative structural shift in all Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14940. [PMID: 34294749 PMCID: PMC8298500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The key role of Topoisomerase II (Top2) is the removal of topological intertwines between sister chromatids. In yeast, inactivation of Top2 brings about distinct cell cycle responses. In the case of the conditional top2-5 allele, interphase and mitosis progress on schedule but cells suffer from a chromosome segregation catastrophe. We here show that top2-5 chromosomes fail to enter a Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) in the first cell cycle, a behavior traditionally linked to the presence of replication and recombination intermediates. We distinguished two classes of affected chromosomes: the rDNA-bearing chromosome XII, which fails to enter a PFGE at the beginning of S-phase, and all the other chromosomes, which fail at a postreplicative stage. In synchronously cycling cells, this late PFGE retention is observed in anaphase; however, we demonstrate that this behavior is independent of cytokinesis, stabilization of anaphase bridges, spindle pulling forces and, probably, anaphase onset. Strikingly, once the PFGE retention has occurred it becomes refractory to Top2 re-activation. DNA combing, two-dimensional electrophoresis, genetic analyses, and GFP-tagged DNA damage markers suggest that neither recombination intermediates nor unfinished replication account for the postreplicative PFGE shift, which is further supported by the fact that the shift does not trigger the G2/M checkpoint. We propose that the absence of Top2 activity leads to a general chromosome structural/topological change in mitosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Pandey H, Popov M, Goldstein-Levitin A, Gheber L. Mechanisms by Which Kinesin-5 Motors Perform Their Multiple Intracellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6420. [PMID: 34203964 PMCID: PMC8232732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar kinesin-5 motor proteins perform multiple intracellular functions, mainly during mitotic cell division. Their specialized structural characteristics enable these motors to perform their essential functions by crosslinking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules (MTs). In this review, we discuss the specialized structural features of kinesin-5 motors, and the mechanisms by which these features relate to kinesin-5 functions and motile properties. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of the kinesin-5 motors in dividing as well as in non-dividing cells, and examine their roles in pathogenetic conditions. We describe the recently discovered bidirectional motility in fungi kinesin-5 motors, and discuss its possible physiological relevance. Finally, we also focus on the multiple mechanisms of regulation of these unique motor proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.P.); (M.P.); (A.G.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiménez J, Queralt E, Posas F, de Nadal E. The regulation of Net1/Cdc14 by the Hog1 MAPK upon osmostress unravels a new mechanism regulating mitosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2105-2118. [PMID: 32794416 PMCID: PMC7513861 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a plethora of mechanisms to optimize survival in a changing and unpredictable environment. In this regard, they have evolved networks that include environmental sensors, signaling transduction molecules and response mechanisms. Hog1 (yeast) and p38 (mammals) stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) are activated upon stress and they drive a full collection of cell adaptive responses aimed to maximize survival. SAPKs are extensively used to learn about the mechanisms through which cells adapt to changing environments. In addition to regulating gene expression and metabolism, SAPKs control cell cycle progression. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings related to the SAPK-driven regulation of mitosis upon osmostress in yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat De Medicina I Ciències De La Salut, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica De Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khondker S, Kajjo S, Chandler-Brown D, Skotheim J, Rudner A, Ikui AE. PP2A Cdc55 dephosphorylates Pds1 and inhibits spindle elongation in S. cerevisiae. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243766. [PMID: 32591482 PMCID: PMC7406319 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PP2ACdc55 (the form of protein phosphatase 2A containing Cdc55) regulates cell cycle progression by reversing cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)- and polo-like kinase (Cdc5)-dependent phosphorylation events. In S. cerevisiae, Cdk1 phosphorylates securin (Pds1), which facilitates Pds1 binding and inhibits separase (Esp1). During anaphase, Esp1 cleaves the cohesin subunit Scc1 and promotes spindle elongation. Here, we show that PP2ACdc55 directly dephosphorylates Pds1 both in vivo and in vitro Pds1 hyperphosphorylation in a cdc55 deletion mutant enhanced the Pds1-Esp1 interaction, which played a positive role in Pds1 nuclear accumulation and in spindle elongation. We also show that nuclear PP2ACdc55 plays a role during replication stress to inhibit spindle elongation. This pathway acted independently of the known Mec1, Swe1 or spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) checkpoint pathways. We propose a model where Pds1 dephosphorylation by PP2ACdc55 disrupts the Pds1-Esp1 protein interaction and inhibits Pds1 nuclear accumulation, which prevents spindle elongation, a process that is elevated during replication stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoily Khondker
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11238, USA
- Biology Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sam Kajjo
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - Jan Skotheim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam Rudner
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Amy E. Ikui
- Biology Department, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, NY 11238, USA
- Biology Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Machín F, Ayra-Plasencia J. Are Anaphase Events Really Irreversible? The Endmost Stages of Cell Division and the Paradox of the DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Bioessays 2020; 42:e2000021. [PMID: 32363600 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently demonstrated that yeast cells are able to partially regress chromosome segregation in telophase as a response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), likely to find a donor sequence for homology-directed repair (HDR). This regression challenges the traditional concept that establishes anaphase events as irreversible, hence opening a new field of research in cell biology. Here, the nature of this new behavior in yeast is summarized and the underlying mechanisms are speculated about. It is also discussed whether it can be reproduced in other eukaryotes. Overall, this work brings forwards the need of understanding how cells attempt to repair DSBs when transiting the latest stages of mitosis, i.e., anaphase and telophase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38010, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38200, Spain.,Universidad Fernando Pessoa Canarias, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35450, Spain
| | - Jessel Ayra-Plasencia
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38010, Spain.,Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38200, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Proper chromosome segregation is critical for the maintenance of genomic information in every cell division, which is required for cell survival. Cells have orchestrated a myriad of control mechanisms to guarantee proper chromosome segregation. Upon stress, cells induce a number of adaptive responses to maximize survival that range from regulation of gene expression to control of cell-cycle progression. We have found here that in response to osmostress, cells also regulate mitosis to ensure proper telomeric and rDNA segregation during adaptation. Osmostress induces a Hog1-dependent delay of cell-cycle progression in early mitosis by phosphorylating Net1, thereby impairing timely nucleolar release and activation of Cdc14, core elements of mitosis regulation. Thus, Hog1 activation prevents segregation defects to maximize survival. Adaptation to environmental changes is crucial for cell fitness. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, variations in external osmolarity trigger the activation of the stress-activated protein kinase Hog1 (high-osmolarity glycerol 1), which regulates gene expression, metabolism, and cell-cycle progression. The activation of this kinase leads to the regulation of G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle to prevent genome instability and promote cell survival. Here we show that Hog1 delays mitotic exit when cells are stressed during metaphase. Hog1 phosphorylates the nucleolar protein Net1, altering its affinity for the phosphatase Cdc14, whose activity is essential for mitotic exit and completion of the cell cycle. The untimely release of Cdc14 from the nucleolus upon activation of Hog1 is linked to a defect in ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and telomere segregation, and it ultimately delays cell division. A mutant of Net1 that cannot be phosphorylated by Hog1 displays reduced viability upon osmostress. Thus, Hog1 contributes to maximizing cell survival upon stress by regulating mitotic exit.
Collapse
|
8
|
Mittal P, Ghule K, Trakroo D, Prajapati HK, Ghosh SK. Meiosis-Specific Functions of Kinesin Motors in Cohesin Removal and Maintenance of Chromosome Integrity in Budding Yeast. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:e00386-19. [PMID: 31964755 PMCID: PMC7108822 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00386-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinesin motors provide the molecular forces at the kinetochore-microtubule interface and along the spindle to control chromosome segregation. During meiosis with two rounds of microtubule assembly-disassembly, the roles of motor proteins remain unexplored. We observed that in contrast to mitosis, Cin8 and Kip3 together are indispensable for meiosis. While examining meiosis in cin8Δ kip3Δ cells, we detected chromosome breakage in the meiosis II cells. The double mutant exhibits a delay in cohesin removal during anaphase I. Consequently, some cells fail to undergo meiosis II and form dyads, while some, as they progress through meiosis II, cause a defect in chromosome integrity. We believe that in the latter cells, an imbalance of spindle-mediated force and the simultaneous persistence of cohesin on chromosomes cause their breakage. We provide evidence that tension generated by Cin8 and Kip3 through microtubule cross-linking is essential for signaling efficient cohesin removal and the maintenance of chromosome integrity during meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Mittal
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Komal Ghule
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepika Trakroo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Hemant Kumar Prajapati
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Santanu K Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Matellán L, Monje-Casas F. Regulation of Mitotic Exit by Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Lessons From Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E195. [PMID: 32059558 PMCID: PMC7074328 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to preserve genome integrity and their ploidy, cells must ensure that the duplicated genome has been faithfully replicated and evenly distributed before they complete their division by mitosis. To this end, cells have developed highly elaborated checkpoints that halt mitotic progression when problems in DNA integrity or chromosome segregation arise, providing them with time to fix these issues before advancing further into the cell cycle. Remarkably, exit from mitosis constitutes a key cell cycle transition that is targeted by the main mitotic checkpoints, despite these surveillance mechanisms being activated by specific intracellular signals and acting at different stages of cell division. Focusing primarily on research carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model organism, the aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the molecular mechanisms by which the major cell cycle checkpoints control mitotic exit and to highlight the importance of the proper regulation of this process for the maintenance of genome stability during the distribution of the duplicated chromosomes between the dividing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Monje-Casas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)—University of Seville—University Pablo de Olavide, Avda, Américo Vespucio, 24, 41092 Sevilla, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Multiple Roles of the Cdc14 Phosphatase in Cell Cycle Control. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030709. [PMID: 31973188 PMCID: PMC7038166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cdc14 phosphatase is a key regulator of mitosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc14 was initially described as playing an essential role in the control of cell cycle progression by promoting mitotic exit on the basis of its capacity to counteract the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28/Cdk1. A compiling body of evidence, however, has later demonstrated that this phosphatase plays other multiple roles in the regulation of mitosis at different cell cycle stages. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the pivotal role of Cdc14 in cell cycle control, with a special focus in the most recently uncovered functions of the phosphatase.
Collapse
|
11
|
Crane MM, Russell AE, Schafer BJ, Blue BW, Whalen R, Almazan J, Hong MG, Nguyen B, Goings JE, Chen KL, Kelly R, Kaeberlein M. DNA damage checkpoint activation impairs chromatin homeostasis and promotes mitotic catastrophe during aging. eLife 2019; 8:e50778. [PMID: 31714209 PMCID: PMC6850777 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome instability is a hallmark of aging and contributes to age-related disorders such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. The accumulation of DNA damage during aging has been linked to altered cell cycle dynamics and the failure of cell cycle checkpoints. Here, we use single cell imaging to study the consequences of increased genomic instability during aging in budding yeast and identify striking age-associated genome missegregation events. This breakdown in mitotic fidelity results from the age-related activation of the DNA damage checkpoint and the resulting degradation of histone proteins. Disrupting the ability of cells to degrade histones in response to DNA damage increases replicative lifespan and reduces genomic missegregations. We present several lines of evidence supporting a model of antagonistic pleiotropy in the DNA damage response where histone degradation, and limited histone transcription are beneficial to respond rapidly to damage but reduce lifespan and genomic stability in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Crane
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Adam E Russell
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Brent J Schafer
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Ben W Blue
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Riley Whalen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jared Almazan
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Mung Gi Hong
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Bao Nguyen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Joslyn E Goings
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Kenneth L Chen
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Department of Genome SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Ryan Kelly
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of PathologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ayra-Plasencia J, Machín F. DNA double-strand breaks in telophase lead to coalescence between segregated sister chromatid loci. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2862. [PMID: 31253793 PMCID: PMC6598993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) pose a high risk for genome integrity. Cells repair DSBs through homologous recombination (HR) when a sister chromatid is available. HR is upregulated by the cycling dependent kinase (CDK) despite the paradox of telophase, where CDK is high but a sister chromatid is not nearby. Here we study in the budding yeast the response to DSBs in telophase, and find they activate the DNA damage checkpoint (DDC), leading to a telophase-to-G1 delay. Outstandingly, we observe a partial reversion of sister chromatid segregation, which includes approximation of segregated material, de novo formation of anaphase bridges, and coalescence between sister loci. We finally show that DSBs promote a massive change in the dynamics of telophase microtubules (MTs), together with dephosphorylation and relocalization of kinesin-5 Cin8. We propose that chromosome segregation is not irreversible and that DSB repair using the sister chromatid is possible in telophase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessel Ayra-Plasencia
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Escuela de Doctorado y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
- Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mishra PK, Basrai MA. Protein kinases in mitotic phosphorylation of budding yeast CENP-A. Curr Genet 2019; 65:1325-1332. [PMID: 31119371 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-00997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Centromere identity is specified epigenetically by specialized nucleosomes containing the evolutionarily conserved centromeric histone H3 variant (Cse4 in budding yeast, CENP-A in humans) which is essential for faithful chromosome segregation. However, the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of Cse4 have not been clearly defined. We have identified two kinases, Cdc5 (Plk1 in humans) and Ipl1 (Aurora B kinase in humans) that phosphorylate Cse4 to prevent chromosomal instability (CIN). Cdc5 associates with Cse4 in mitosis and Cdc5-mediated phosphorylation of Cse4 is coincident with the centromeric enrichment of Cdc5 during metaphase. Defects in Cdc5-mediated Cse4 phosphorylation causes CIN, whereas constitutive association of Cdc5 with Cse4 results in lethality. Cse4 is also a substrate for Ipl1 and phospho-mimetic cse4 mutants suppress growth defects of ipl1 and Ipl1 kinetochore substrate mutants, namely dam1 spc34 and ndc80. Ipl1-mediated phosphorylation of Cse4 regulates kinetochore-microtubule interactions and chromosome biorientation. We propose that collaboration of Cdc5- and Ipl1-mediated phosphorylation of Cse4 modulates kinetochore structure and function, and chromosome biorientation. These findings demonstrate how phosphorylation of Cse4 regulates the integrity of the kinetochore, and acts as an epigenetic marker for mitotic control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Mishra
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Munira A Basrai
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mishra PK, Olafsson G, Boeckmann L, Westlake TJ, Jowhar ZM, Dittman LE, Baker RE, D’Amours D, Thorpe PH, Basrai MA. Cell cycle-dependent association of polo kinase Cdc5 with CENP-A contributes to faithful chromosome segregation in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:1020-1036. [PMID: 30726152 PMCID: PMC6589903 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved polo-like kinase, Cdc5 (Plk1 in humans), associates with kinetochores during mitosis; however, the role of cell cycle-dependent centromeric ( CEN) association of Cdc5 and its substrates that exclusively localize to the kinetochore have not been characterized. Here we report that evolutionarily conserved CEN histone H3 variant, Cse4 (CENP-A in humans), is a substrate of Cdc5, and that the cell cycle-regulated association of Cse4 with Cdc5 is required for cell growth. Cdc5 contributes to Cse4 phosphorylation in vivo and interacts with Cse4 in mitotic cells. Mass spectrometry analysis of in vitro kinase assays showed that Cdc5 phosphorylates nine serine residues clustered within the N-terminus of Cse4. Strains with cse4-9SA exhibit increased errors in chromosome segregation, reduced levels of CEN-associated Mif2 and Mcd1/Scc1 when combined with a deletion of MCM21. Moreover, the loss of Cdc5 from the CEN chromatin contributes to defects in kinetochore integrity and reduction in CEN-associated Cse4. The cell cycle-regulated association of Cdc5 with Cse4 is essential for cell viability as constitutive association of Cdc5 with Cse4 at the kinetochore leads to growth defects. In summary, our results have defined a role for Cdc5-mediated Cse4 phosphorylation in faithful chromosome segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K. Mishra
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Gudjon Olafsson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Timothy J. Westlake
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ziad M. Jowhar
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lauren E. Dittman
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Richard E. Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - Damien D’Amours
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Peter H. Thorpe
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Munira A. Basrai
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Campbell IW, Zhou X, Amon A. The Mitotic Exit Network integrates temporal and spatial signals by distributing regulation across multiple components. eLife 2019; 8:41139. [PMID: 30672733 PMCID: PMC6363386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GTPase signal transduction pathways control cellular decision making by integrating multiple cellular events into a single signal. The Mitotic Exit Network (MEN), a Ras-like GTPase signaling pathway, integrates spatial and temporal cues to ensure that cytokinesis only occurs after the genome has partitioned between mother and daughter cells during anaphase. Here we show that signal integration does not occur at a single step of the pathway. Rather, sequential components of the pathway are controlled in series by different signals. The spatial signal, nuclear position, regulates the MEN GTPase Tem1. The temporal signal, commencement of anaphase, is mediated by mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) phosphorylation of the GTPase's downstream kinases. We propose that integrating multiple signals through sequential steps in the GTPase pathway represents a generalizable principle in GTPase signaling and explains why intracellular signal transmission is a multi-step process. Serial signal integration rather than signal amplification makes multi-step signal transduction necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Winsten Campbell
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Xiaoxue Zhou
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dhatchinamoorthy K, Mattingly M, Gerton JL. Regulation of kinetochore configuration during mitosis. Curr Genet 2018; 64:1197-1203. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-018-0841-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
17
|
Lianga N, Doré C, Kennedy EK, Yeh E, Williams EC, Fortinez CM, Wang A, Bloom KS, Rudner AD. Cdk1 phosphorylation of Esp1/Separase functions with PP2A and Slk19 to regulate pericentric Cohesin and anaphase onset. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007029. [PMID: 29561844 PMCID: PMC5880407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaphase onset is an irreversible cell cycle transition that is triggered by the activation of the protease Separase. Separase cleaves the Mcd1 (also known as Scc1) subunit of Cohesin, a complex of proteins that physically links sister chromatids, triggering sister chromatid separation. Separase is regulated by the degradation of the anaphase inhibitor Securin which liberates Separase from inhibitory Securin/Separase complexes. In many organisms, Securin is not essential suggesting that Separase is regulated by additional mechanisms. In this work, we show that in budding yeast Cdk1 activates Separase (Esp1 in yeast) through phosphorylation to trigger anaphase onset. Esp1 activation is opposed by protein phosphatase 2A associated with its regulatory subunit Cdc55 (PP2ACdc55) and the spindle protein Slk19. Premature anaphase spindle elongation occurs when Securin (Pds1 in yeast) is inducibly degraded in cells that also contain phospho-mimetic mutations in ESP1, or deletion of CDC55 or SLK19. This striking phenotype is accompanied by advanced degradation of Mcd1, disruption of pericentric Cohesin organization and chromosome mis-segregation. Our findings suggest that PP2ACdc55 and Slk19 function redundantly with Pds1 to inhibit Esp1 within pericentric chromatin, and both Pds1 degradation and Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of Esp1 act together to trigger anaphase onset.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noel Lianga
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carole Doré
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Erin K. Kennedy
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elaine Yeh
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C. Williams
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Camille Marie Fortinez
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alick Wang
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kerry S. Bloom
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Rudner
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Botchkarev VV, Haber JE. Functions and regulation of the Polo-like kinase Cdc5 in the absence and presence of DNA damage. Curr Genet 2018; 64:87-96. [PMID: 28770345 PMCID: PMC6249032 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases are essential cell cycle regulators that are conserved from yeast to humans. Unlike higher eukaryotes, who express multiple Polo-like kinase family members that perform many important functions, budding yeast express only a single Polo-like kinase, Cdc5, which is the homolog of mammalian cell cycle master regulator Polo-like kinase 1. Cdc5 is a fascinating multifaceted protein that is programmed to target its many substrates in a timely, sequential manner to ensure proper cell cycle progression. Over the years, many lessons about Polo-like kinase 1 have been learned by studying Cdc5 in budding yeast. Cdc5 has been well documented in regulating mitotic entry, chromosome segregation, mitotic exit, and cytokinesis. Cdc5 also plays important roles during cell division after DNA damage. Here, we briefly review the many functions of Cdc5 and its regulation in the absence and presence of DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Botchkarev
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James E Haber
- Department of Biology, Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
DNA ultrafine bridges (UFBs) are a type of chromatin-free DNA bridges that connect sister chromatids in anaphase and pose a threat to genome stability. However, little is known about the origin of these structures, and how they are sensed and resolved by the cell. In this chapter, we review tools and methods for studying UFBs by fluorescence microscopy including chemical and genetic approaches to induce UFBs in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Quevedo
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Michael Lisby
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Goldstein A, Siegler N, Goldman D, Judah H, Valk E, Kõivomägi M, Loog M, Gheber L. Three Cdk1 sites in the kinesin-5 Cin8 catalytic domain coordinate motor localization and activity during anaphase. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3395-3412. [PMID: 28455557 PMCID: PMC11107736 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bipolar kinesin-5 motors perform essential functions in mitotic spindle dynamics. We previously demonstrated that phosphorylation of at least one of the Cdk1 sites in the catalytic domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinesin-5 Cin8 (S277, T285, S493) regulates its localization to the anaphase spindle. The contribution of these three sites to phospho-regulation of Cin8, as well as the timing of such contributions, remains unknown. Here, we examined the function and spindle localization of phospho-deficient (serine/threonine to alanine) and phospho-mimic (serine/threonine to aspartic acid) Cin8 mutants. In vitro, the three Cdk1 sites undergo phosphorylation by Clb2-Cdk1. In cells, phosphorylation of Cin8 affects two aspects of its localization to the anaphase spindle, translocation from the spindle-pole bodies (SPBs) region to spindle microtubules (MTs) and the midzone, and detachment from the mitotic spindle. We found that phosphorylation of S277 is essential for the translocation of Cin8 from SPBs to spindle MTs and the subsequent detachment from the spindle. Phosphorylation of T285 mainly affects the detachment of Cin8 from spindle MTs during anaphase, while phosphorylation at S493 affects both the translocation of Cin8 from SPBs to the spindle and detachment from the spindle. Only S493 phosphorylation affected the anaphase spindle elongation rate. We conclude that each phosphorylation site plays a unique role in regulating Cin8 functions and postulate a model in which the timing and extent of phosphorylation of the three sites orchestrates the anaphase function of Cin8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Goldstein
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nurit Siegler
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Darya Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Haim Judah
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ervin Valk
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mardo Kõivomägi
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mart Loog
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- George M. Burslem
- Departments of Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Craig M. Crews
- Departments of Molecular,
Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacology, Yale University, 219 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Botchkarev VV, Garabedian MV, Lemos B, Paulissen E, Haber JE. The budding yeast Polo-like kinase localizes to distinct populations at centrosomes during mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1011-1020. [PMID: 28228549 PMCID: PMC5391178 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Polo kinase Cdc5 changes its localization at centrosomes during the cell cycle. Cdc5 localizes to the nuclear centrosome surface in early mitosis and relocalizes to the cytoplasmic centrosome side in late anaphase. Cdc14 and Bfa1 play important roles in regulating Cdc5 centrosome localization. The budding yeast Polo-like kinase Cdc5 is a key regulator of many mitotic events. Cdc5 coordinates its functions spatially and temporally by changing its localization during the cell cycle: Cdc5 is imported into the nucleus in G2 phase and released to the cytoplasm in anaphase, where it accumulates at the bud neck. Cdc5 also localizes to the spindle pole bodies (SPBs) from S phase until the end of mitosis. Whether Cdc5 changes its SPB population during the cell cycle is not known. We find that Cdc5 localizes to distinct SPB subpopulations, depending on the mitotic stage. Cdc5 localizes to the nuclear side of the SPBs during metaphase and early anaphase and to the cytoplasmic surface of the SPBs during late anaphase. Cdc14 is necessary to relocalize Cdc5 from the nuclear SPB plaque. Accumulation of Cdc5 at the daughter SPB in late anaphase is controlled by Bfa1. We also show that Cdc5 and Bfa1 are found in spatially distinct locations at the SPBs during G2/M arrest after DNA damage. Collectively our data reveal that Cdc5 is a dynamic component of the SPBs during mitosis and provide new insight into its regulation during both late mitotic events and DNA damage–induced G2/M arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Botchkarev
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Mikael V Garabedian
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Brenda Lemos
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - Eric Paulissen
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| | - James E Haber
- Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center and Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kamenz J, Hauf S. Time To Split Up: Dynamics of Chromosome Separation. Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:42-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
24
|
Morse D, Daoust P, Benribague S. A Transcriptome-based Perspective of Cell Cycle Regulation in Dinoflagellates. Protist 2016; 167:610-621. [PMID: 27816812 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are a group of unicellular and generally marine protists, of interest to many because of their ability to form the large algal blooms commonly called "red tides". The large algal concentrations in these blooms require sustained cell replication, yet to date little is known about cell cycle regulation in these organisms. To address this issue, we have screened the transcriptomes of two dinoflagellates, Lingulodinium polyedrum and Symbiodinium sp., with budding yeast cell cycle pathway components. We find most yeast cell cycle regulators have homologs in these dinoflagellates, suggesting that the yeast model is appropriate for understanding regulation of the dinoflagellate cell cycle. The dinoflagellates are lacking several components essential in yeast, but a comparison with a broader phylogenetic range of protists reveals these components are usually also missing in other organisms. Lastly, phylogenetic analyses show that the dinoflagellates contain at least three cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) homologs (belonging to the CDK1, CDK5 and CDK8 families), and that the dinoflagellate cyclins belong exclusively to the A/B type. This suggests that dinoflagellate CDKs likely play a limited role outside regulation of the cell cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Morse
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2.
| | - Philip Daoust
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
| | - Siham Benribague
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H1X 2B2
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mishra PK, Ciftci-Yilmaz S, Reynolds D, Au WC, Boeckmann L, Dittman LE, Jowhar Z, Pachpor T, Yeh E, Baker RE, Hoyt MA, D'Amours D, Bloom K, Basrai MA. Polo kinase Cdc5 associates with centromeres to facilitate the removal of centromeric cohesin during mitosis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2286-300. [PMID: 27226485 PMCID: PMC4945145 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-01-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for tension-sensing mechanisms that monitor bipolar attachment of replicated chromatids in metaphase. Cohesion is mediated by the association of cohesins along the length of sister chromatid arms. In contrast, centromeric cohesin generates intrastrand cohesion and sister centromeres, while highly cohesin enriched, are separated by >800 nm at metaphase in yeast. Removal of cohesin is necessary for sister chromatid separation during anaphase, and this is regulated by evolutionarily conserved polo-like kinase (Cdc5 in yeast, Plk1 in humans). Here we address how high levels of cohesins at centromeric chromatin are removed. Cdc5 associates with centromeric chromatin and cohesin-associated regions. Maximum enrichment of Cdc5 in centromeric chromatin occurs during the metaphase-to-anaphase transition and coincides with the removal of chromosome-associated cohesin. Cdc5 interacts with cohesin in vivo, and cohesin is required for association of Cdc5 at centromeric chromatin. Cohesin removal from centromeric chromatin requires Cdc5 but removal at distal chromosomal arm sites does not. Our results define a novel role for Cdc5 in regulating removal of centromeric cohesins and faithful chromosome segregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prashant K Mishra
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Sultan Ciftci-Yilmaz
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David Reynolds
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Wei-Chun Au
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Lauren E Dittman
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ziad Jowhar
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tejaswini Pachpor
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Elaine Yeh
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Richard E Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655
| | - M Andrew Hoyt
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Damien D'Amours
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer and Département de Pathologie et Biologie Cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kerry Bloom
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Munira A Basrai
- Genetics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mitotic Exit Function of Polo-like Kinase Cdc5 Is Dependent on Sequential Activation by Cdk1. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2050-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
27
|
Fraschini R. Factors that Control Mitotic Spindle Dynamics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 925:89-101. [PMID: 27722958 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitosis is the last phase of the cell cycle and it leads to the formation of two daughter cells with the same genetic information. This process must occurr in a very precise way and this task is essential to preserve genetic stability and to maintain cell viability. Accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis is brought about by an important cellular organelle: the mitotic spindle. This structure is made of microtubules, polymers of alpha and beta tubulin, and it is highly dynamic during the cell cycle: it emanates from two microtubules organizing centers (Spindle Pole Bodies, SPBs, in yeast) that are essential to build a short bipolar spindle, and it undergoes two steps of elongation during anaphase A and anaphase B in order to separate sister chromatids. Several proteins are involved in the control of mitotic spindle dynamics and their activity is tightly coordinated with other cell cycle events and with cell cycle progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fraschini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Machín F, Quevedo O, Ramos-Pérez C, García-Luis J. Cdc14 phosphatase: warning, no delay allowed for chromosome segregation! Curr Genet 2015; 62:7-13. [PMID: 26116076 PMCID: PMC4723626 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0502-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cycling events in nature start and end to restart again and again. In the cell cycle, whose purpose is to become two where there was only one, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the beginning and, therefore, phosphatases must play a role in the ending. Since CDKs are drivers of the cell cycle and cancer cells uncontrollably divide, much attention has been put into knocking down CDK activity. However, much less is known on the consequences of interfering with the phosphatases that put an end to the cell cycle. We have addressed in recent years the consequences of transiently inactivating the only master cell cycle phosphatase in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc14. Transient inactivation is expected to better mimic the pharmacological action of drugs. Interestingly, we have found that yeast cells tolerate badly a relatively brief inactivation of Cdc14 when cells are already committed into anaphase, the first cell cycle stage where this phosphatase plays important roles. First, we noticed that the segregation of distal regions in the chromosome arm that carries the ribosomal DNA array was irreversibly impaired, leading to an anaphase bridge (AB). Next, we found that this AB could eventually be severed by cytokinesis and led to two different types of genetically compromised daughter cells. All these previous studies were done in haploid cells. We have now recently expanded this analysis to diploid cells and used the advantage of making hybrid diploids to study chromosome rearrangements and changes in the ploidy of the surviving progeny. We have found that the consequences for the genome integrity were far more dramatic than originally envisioned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Machín
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
| | - Oliver Quevedo
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Center for Chromosome Stability and Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cristina Ramos-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jonay García-Luis
- Unidad de Investigación, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Ctra del Rosario 145, 38010, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.,Cell Cycle Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| |
Collapse
|