1
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Hashim PK, Abdrabou SSMA. Sub-100 nm carriers by template polymerization for drug delivery applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:693-707. [PMID: 38497369 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00491k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Size-controlled drug delivery systems (DDSs) have gained significant attention in the field of pharmaceutical sciences due to their potential to enhance drug efficacy, minimize side effects, and improve patient compliance. This review provides a concise overview of the preparation method, advancements, and applications of size-controlled drug delivery systems focusing on the sub-100 nm size DDSs. The importance of tailoring the size for achieving therapeutic goals is briefly mentioned. We highlight the concept of "template polymerization", a well-established method in covalent polymerization that offers precise control over molecular weight. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in crafting a monolayer of a polymer around biomolecule templates such as DNA, RNA, and protein, achieving the generation of DDSs with sizes ranging from several tens of nanometers. A few representative examples of small-size DDSs that share a conceptual similarity to "template polymerization" are also discussed. This review concludes by briefly discussing the drug release behaviors and the future prospects of "template polymerization" for the development of innovative size-controlled drug delivery systems, which promise to optimize drug delivery precision, efficacy, and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Hashim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
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2
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Qu X, Li J, Yu Y, Yang J. Hydrogen bonding enhanced drug-polymer interaction for efficient drug loading and delivery. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3387-3391. [PMID: 38602361 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A carrier design strategy of hydrogen bonding enhanced drug-carrier interaction is developed to prepare a polymeric nanomedicine with high drug loading content and superb loading efficiency. Moreover, a morphology transition from spherical to cylindrical micelles is observed upon increasing drug loading content, which can open up a new way for controlling the morphology of the polymeric nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Qu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Junran Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Yishu Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
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3
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Thomas M, Varlas S, Wilks TR, Fielden SDP, O'Reilly RK. Controlled node growth on the surface of polymersomes. Chem Sci 2024; 15:4396-4402. [PMID: 38516085 PMCID: PMC10952076 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Incorporating nucleobases into synthetic polymers has proven to be a versatile method for controlling self-assembly. The formation of strong directional hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleobases provides a driving force that permits access to complex particle morphologies. Here, nucleobase pairing was used to direct the formation and lengthening of nodes on the outer surface of vesicles formed from polymers (polymersomes) functionalised with adenine in their membrane-forming domains. Insertion of a self-assembling short diblock copolymer containing thymine into the polymersome membranes caused an increase in steric crowding at the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface, which was relieved by initial node formation and subsequent growth. Nano-objects were imaged by (cryo-)TEM, which permitted quantification of node coverage and length. The ability to control node growth on the surface of polymersomes provides a new platform to develop higher-order nanomaterials with tailorable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Thomas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Thomas R Wilks
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Stephen D P Fielden
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
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4
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García Coll J, Ulrich S. Nucleic-Acid-Templated Synthesis of Smart Polymer Vectors for Gene Delivery. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300333. [PMID: 37401911 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are information-rich and readily available biomolecules, which can be used to template the polymerization of synthetic macromolecules. Here, we highlight the control over the size, composition, and sequence one can nowadays obtain by using this methodology. We also highlight how templated processes exploiting dynamic covalent polymerization can, in return, result in therapeutic nucleic acids fabricating their own dynamic delivery vector - a biomimicking concept that can provide original solutions for gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José García Coll
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095, Montpellier, France
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5
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Yan Y, Fang X, Yao N, Gu H, Yang G, Hua Z. Bioinspired Hydrogen Bonds of Nucleobases Enable Programmable Morphological Transformations of Mixed Nanostructures. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Yan
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Xinzi Fang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Nan Yao
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Haojie Gu
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
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6
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Sikder A, Esen C, O'Reilly RK. Nucleobase-Interaction-Directed Biomimetic Supramolecular Self-Assembly. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1609-1619. [PMID: 35671460 PMCID: PMC9219111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe design and fabrication of synthetic self-assembled systems that can mimic some biological features require exquisitely sophisticated components that make use of supramolecular interactions to attain enhanced structural and functional complexity. In nature, nucleobase interactions play a key role in biological functions in living organisms, including transcription and translation processes. Inspired by nature, scientists are progressively exploring nucleobase synthons to create a diverse range of functional systems with a plethora of nanostructures by virtue of molecular-recognition-directed assembly and flexible programmability of the base-pairing interactions. To that end, nucleobase-functionalized molecules and macromolecules are attracting great attention because of their versatile structures with smart and adaptive material properties such as stimuli responsiveness, interaction with external agents, and ability to repair structural defects. In this regard, a range of nucleobase-interaction-mediated hierarchical self-assembled systems have been developed to obtain biomimetic materials with unique properties. For example, a new "grafting to" strategy utilizing complementary nucleobase interactions has been demonstrated to temporarily control the functional group display on micellar surfaces. In a different approach, complementary nucleobase interactions have been explored to enable morphological transitions in functionalized diblock copolymer assembly. It has been demonstrated that complementary nucleobase interactions can drive the morphological transformation to produce highly anisotropic nanoparticles by controlling the assembly processes at multiple length scales. Furthermore, nucleobase-functionalized bottle brush polymers have been employed to generate stimuli-responsive hierarchical assembly. Finally, such interactions have been exploited to induce biomimetic segregation in polymer self-assembly, which has been employed as a template to synthesize polymers with narrow polydispersity. It is evident from these examples that the optimal design of molecular building blocks and precise positioning of the nucleobase functionality are essential for fabrication of complex supramolecular assemblies. While a considerable amount of research remains to be explored, our studies have demonstrated the potential of nucleobase-interaction-mediated supramolecular assembly to be a promising field of research enabling the development of biomimetic materials.This Account summarizes recent examples that employ nucleobase interactions to generate functional biomaterials by judicious design of the building blocks. We begin by discussing the molecular recognition properties of different nucleobases, followed by different strategies to employ nucleobase interactions in polymeric systems in order to achieve self-assembled nanomaterials with versatile properties. Moreover, some of their prospective biological/material applications such as enhanced drug encapsulation, superior adhesion, and fast self-healing properties facilitated by complementary nucleobase interactions are emphasized. Finally, we identify issues and challenges that are faced by this class of materials and propose future directions for the exploration of functional materials with the aim of promoting the development of nucleobase-functionalized systems to design the next generation of biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sikder
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Cem Esen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydın, Turkey
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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7
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Concurrent control over sequence and dispersity in multiblock copolymers. Nat Chem 2021; 14:304-312. [PMID: 34845344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlling monomer sequence and dispersity in synthetic macromolecules is a major goal in polymer science as both parameters determine materials' properties and functions. However, synthetic approaches that can simultaneously control both sequence and dispersity remain experimentally unattainable. Here we report a simple, one pot and rapid synthesis of sequence-controlled multiblocks with on-demand control over dispersity while maintaining a high livingness, and good agreement between theoretical and experimental molecular weights and quantitative yields. Key to our approach is the regulation in the activity of the chain transfer agent during a controlled radical polymerization that enables the preparation of multiblocks with gradually ascending (Ɖ = 1.16 → 1.60), descending (Ɖ = 1.66 → 1.22), alternating low and high dispersity values (Ɖ = 1.17 → 1.61 → 1.24 → 1.70 → 1.26) or any combination thereof. We further demonstrate the potential of our methodology through the synthesis of highly ordered pentablock, octablock and decablock copolymers, which yield multiblocks with concurrent control over both sequence and dispersity.
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8
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Whitfield C, Zhang M, Winterwerber P, Wu Y, Ng DYW, Weil T. Functional DNA-Polymer Conjugates. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11030-11084. [PMID: 33739829 PMCID: PMC8461608 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology has seen large developments over the last 30 years through the combination of solid phase synthesis and the discovery of DNA nanostructures. Solid phase synthesis has facilitated the availability of short DNA sequences and the expansion of the DNA toolbox to increase the chemical functionalities afforded on DNA, which in turn enabled the conception and synthesis of sophisticated and complex 2D and 3D nanostructures. In parallel, polymer science has developed several polymerization approaches to build di- and triblock copolymers bearing hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and amphiphilic properties. By bringing together these two emerging technologies, complementary properties of both materials have been explored; for example, the synthesis of amphiphilic DNA-polymer conjugates has enabled the production of several nanostructures, such as spherical and rod-like micelles. Through both the DNA and polymer parts, stimuli-responsiveness can be instilled. Nanostructures have consequently been developed with responsive structural changes to physical properties, such as pH and temperature, as well as short DNA through competitive complementary binding. These responsive changes have enabled the application of DNA-polymer conjugates in biomedical applications including drug delivery. This review discusses the progress of DNA-polymer conjugates, exploring the synthetic routes and state-of-the-art applications afforded through the combination of nucleic acids and synthetic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette
J. Whitfield
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Meizhou Zhang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Y. W. Ng
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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Babi J, Zhu L, Lin A, Uva A, El‐Haddad H, Peloewetse A, Tran H. Self‐assembled free‐floating
nanomaterials from
sequence‐defined
polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Babi
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Linglan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Angela Lin
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Hana El‐Haddad
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Atang Peloewetse
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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10
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Shin N, Ahn S, Kim E, Kim EY, Park SY, Lee J, Kim JK. Nucleobase-Containing Block Copolymers Having a High Interaction Parameter by Complementary Hydrogen Bonding. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nari Shin
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Ahn
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoel Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyong Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Smart Block Copolymers, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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Rifaie‐Graham O, Galensowske NFB, Dean C, Pollard J, Balog S, Gouveia MG, Chami M, Vian A, Amstad E, Lattuada M, Bruns N. Shear Stress-Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:904-909. [PMID: 32961006 PMCID: PMC7839717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement of surrounding water, resulting in a phenomenon called milky seas or sea sparkle. The underlying concept, a shear-stress induced permeabilisation of biocatalytic reaction compartments, is transferred to polymer-based nanoreactors. Amphiphilic block copolymers that carry nucleobases in their hydrophobic block are self-assembled into polymersomes. The membrane of the vesicles can be transiently switched between an impermeable and a semipermeable state by shear forces occurring in flow or during turbulent mixing of polymersome dispersions. Nucleobase pairs in the hydrophobic leaflet separate when mechanical force is applied, exposing their hydrogen bonding motifs and therefore making the membrane less hydrophobic and more permeable for water soluble compounds. This polarity switch is used to release payload of the polymersomes on demand, and to activate biocatalytic reactions in the interior of the polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
- Current address: Department of Materials and Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Charlie Dean
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Micael G. Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeThomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM labCenter of Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA)BiozentrumUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Vian
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMALMXC 231 Station 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMALMXC 231 Station 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeThomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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12
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Pahlavanlu P, Cheng S, Battaglia AM, Hicks GEJ, Jarrett-Wilkins CN, Evariste S, Seferos DS. Templated approach to well-defined, oxidatively coupled conjugated polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Templated oxidative polymerization affords organic soluble, oxidatively doped PEDOT-based polymers with controlled molecular weights and low dispersities (Đ ∼ 1.2) for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
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13
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Rifaie‐Graham O, Galensowske NFB, Dean C, Pollard J, Balog S, Gouveia MG, Chami M, Vian A, Amstad E, Lattuada M, Bruns N. Shear Stress‐Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Current address: Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Charlie Dean
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Micael G. Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM lab Center of Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA) Biozentrum University of Basel Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Antoine Vian
- Soft Materials Laboratory Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMAL MXC 231 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMAL MXC 231 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Zefeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jia Niu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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15
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16
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Chen A, Karanastasis A, Casey KR, Necelis M, Carone BR, Caputo GA, Palermo EF. Cationic Molecular Umbrellas as Antibacterial Agents with Remarkable Cell-Type Selectivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:21270-21282. [PMID: 31917544 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We synthesized a combinatorial library of dendrons that display a cluster of cationic charges juxtaposed with a hydrophobic alkyl chain, using the so-called "molecular umbrella" design approach. Systematically tuning the generation number and alkyl chain length enabled a detailed study of the structure-activity relationships in terms of both hydrophobic content and number of cationic charges. These discrete, unimolecular compounds display rapid and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity comparable to the activity of antibacterial peptides. Micellization was examined by pyrene emission and dynamic light scattering, which revealed that monomeric, individually solvated dendrons are present in aqueous media. The antibacterial mechanism of action is putatively driven by the membrane-disrupting nature of these cationic surfactants, which we confirmed by enzymatic assays on E. coli cells. The hemolytic activity of these dendritic macromolecules is sensitively dependent on the dendron generation and the alkyl chain length. Via structural optimization of these two key design features, we identified a leading candidate with potent broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (4-8 μg/mL) combined with outstanding hemocompatibility (up to 5000 μg/mL). This selected compound is >1000-fold more active against bacteria as compared to red blood cells, which represents one of the highest selectivity index values ever reported for a membrane-disrupting antibacterial agent. Thus, the leading candidate from this initial library screen holds great potential for future applications as a nontoxic, degradable disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Chen
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
| | - Apostolos Karanastasis
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Edmund F Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12054, United States
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17
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Brzeziński M, Michalski A, Kost B, Socka M, Florczak M, Łapienis G, Biela T. Simultaneous Stereocomplexation of Polylactides during Polymerization of
d
‐LA in the Presence of a PLLA Template. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Brzeziński
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
| | - Adam Michalski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Kost
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
| | - Marta Socka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
| | - Marcin Florczak
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
| | - Grzegorz Łapienis
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
| | - Tadeusz Biela
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112 Lodz 90‐363 Poland
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18
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Cao L, Zhao Q, Liu Q, Ma L, Li C, Wang X, Cai Y. Electrostatic Manipulation of Triblock Terpolymer Nanofilm Compartmentalization during Aqueous Photoinitiated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qizhou Liu
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Li
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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19
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Xu X, Winterwerber P, Ng D, Wu Y. DNA-Programmed Chemical Synthesis of Polymers and Inorganic Nanomaterials. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:31. [PMID: 32146596 PMCID: PMC7060966 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-0292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology, based on sequence-specific DNA recognition, could allow programmed self-assembly of sophisticated nanostructures with molecular precision. Extension of this technique to the preparation of broader types of nanomaterials would significantly improve nanofabrication technique to lower nanometer scale and even achieve single molecule operation. Using such exquisite DNA nanostructures as templates, chemical synthesis of polymer and inorganic nanomaterials could also be programmed with unprecedented accuracy and flexibility. This review summarizes recent advances in the synthesis and assembly of polymer and inorganic nanomaterials using DNA nanostructures as templates, and discusses the current challenges and future outlook of DNA templated nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pia Winterwerber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - David Ng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuzhou Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Hongshan, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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20
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Lutz JF. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Toward Artificial Life-Supporting Macromolecules. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:185-189. [PMID: 35638671 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial Life is based on polymers. In all known living organisms, DNA stores genetic information, mutates, self-replicates, and guides the synthesis of messenger molecules. Although the function of nucleic acids is well-understood, the development of artificial macromolecular mimics remains very limited. Laboratory-synthesized nucleic acids still support Life, and some nucleic acids analogues exhibit biological functions. Yet, after hundred years of polymer science, no other type of Life-supporting macromolecule (i.e., non-nucleic acids) has ever been reported. In this context, the aim of the present viewpoint is to discuss important challenges that shall be addressed by polymer chemists to achieve artificial Life. Similarly to DNA, an artificial Life-supporting macromolecule shall store information, transfer information, and mutate. Many tools, such as sequence-defined polymer synthesis, polymer modification, supramolecular polymer chemistry, and dynamic chemistry, are already available to chemists to attain these properties. However, the design of artificial Life-supporting macromolecules is hindered by two main factors. First, the chemical search space is enormous, and it is difficult to predict promising structures, even with the help of combinatorial and chemoinformatic tools. Second, rational design is probably a limited approach to achieve macromolecules that shall be involved in nonequilibrium metabolic systems. Hence, a synergic combination of classical polymer chemistry with the more recent field of systems chemistry is probably the key toward the emergence of artificial Life-supporting macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS - UPR 22, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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21
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22
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Li J, Wang Z, Hua Z, Tang C. Supramolecular nucleobase-functionalized polymers: synthesis and potential biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1576-1588. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02393c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective article summarizes the synthesis of nucleobase functionalized polymers and highlights issues and challenges following their potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Li
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Zan Hua
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center
- Anhui Agricultural University
- Hefei
- China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of South Carolina
- USA
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23
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Wang W, Liu S, Chen B, Yan X, Li S, Ma X, Yu X. DNA-Inspired Adhesive Hydrogels Based on the Biodegradable Polyphosphoesters Tackified by a Nucleobase. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:3672-3683. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Wang
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Sanrong Liu
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Binggang Chen
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Shengran Li
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
| | - Xifei Yu
- Laboratory of Polymer Composites Engineering, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
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24
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Polyurethane hybrid membranes with confined mass transfer channels: The effect of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on permeation properties. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Synthesis of polypeptides via bioinspired polymerization of in situ purified N-carboxyanhydrides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10658-10663. [PMID: 31088971 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1901442116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribozymes synthesize proteins in a highly regulated local environment to minimize side reactions caused by various competing species. In contrast, it is challenging to prepare synthetic polypeptides from the polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) in the presence of water and impurities, which induce monomer degradations and chain terminations, respectively. Inspired by natural protein synthesis, we herein report the preparation of well-defined polypeptides in the presence of competing species, by using a water/dichloromethane biphasic system with macroinitiators anchored at the interface. The impurities are extracted into the aqueous phase in situ, and the localized macroinitiators allow for NCA polymerization at a rate which outpaces water-induced side reactions. Our polymerization strategy streamlines the process from amino acids toward high molecular weight polypeptides with low dispersity by circumventing the tedious NCA purification and the demands for air-free conditions, enabling low-cost, large-scale production of polypeptides that has potential to change the paradigm of polypeptide-based biomaterials.
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26
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Kashima K, Fujisaki T, Serrano-Luginbühl S, Kissner R, Janošević Ležaić A, Bajuk-Bogdanović D, Ćirić-Marjanović G, Busato S, Ishikawa T, Walde P. Effect of Template Type on the Trametes versicolor Laccase-Catalyzed Oligomerization of the Aniline Dimer p-Aminodiphenylamine (PADPA). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:2931-2947. [PMID: 31459521 PMCID: PMC6648283 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many previous studies have shown that (i) the oxidation of aniline or the aniline dimer p-aminodiphenylamine (PADPA) in a slightly acidic aqueous solution can be catalyzed with heme peroxidases or multicopper laccases and that (ii) subsequent reactions lead to oligomeric or polymeric products, which resemble chemically synthesized polyaniline in its conductive emeraldine salt form (PANI-ES), provided that (iii) an anionic "template" is present in the reaction medium. Good templates are anionic polyelectrolytes, micelles, or vesicles. Under optimal conditions, their presence directs the reactions in a positive way toward the desired formation of PANI-ES-type products. The effect of four different types of anionic templates on the formation of PANI-ES-like products from PADPA was investigated and compared by using Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL) as a catalyst in an aqueous pH 3.5 solution at room temperature. All four templates contain sulfonate groups: the sodium salt of the polyelectrolyte sulfonated polystyrene (SPS), micelles from sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), vesicles from a 1:1 molar mixture of SDBS and decanoic acid, and vesicles from sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT). Although with all four templates, stable, inkjet-printable solutions or suspensions consisting of PANI-ES-type products were obtained under optimized conditions, considerably higher amounts of TvL were required with SDBS micelles to achieve comparable monomer conversion to PANI-ES-like products during the same time period when compared to those with SPS or the two types of vesicles. This makes SDBS micelles less attractive as templates for the investigated reaction. In situ UV/vis/near-infrared, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and Raman spectroscopy measurements in combination with an high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of extracted reaction products, which were deprotonated and chemically reduced, showed seemingly small but significant differences in the composition of the mixtures obtained when reaching reaction equilibrium after 24 h. With the two vesicle systems, the content of unwanted substituted phenazine units was lower than in the case of SPS polyelectrolyte and SDBS micelles. The EPR spectra indicate a more localized, narrower distribution of electronic states of the paramagnetic centers of the PANI-ES-type products synthesized in the presence of the two vesicle systems when compared to that of the similar products obtained with the SPS polyelectrolyte and SDBS micelles as templates. Overall, the data obtained from the different complementary methods indicate that with the two vesicle systems structurally more uniform (regular) PANI-ES-type products formed. Among the two investigated vesicle systems, for the investigated reaction (oxidation of PADPA with TvL and O2), AOT appears a somewhat better choice as it leads to a higher content of the PANI-ES polaron form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kashima
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisaki
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Materials Chemistry and Bioengineering, National Institute of Technology, Oyama College, 771 Nakakuki, Oyama, Tochigi 323-0806, Japan
| | | | - Reinhard Kissner
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Ćirić-Marjanović
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stephan Busato
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer
Institute (PSI), CH-5231 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Walde
- Department
of Materials, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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27
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Ke W, Li J, Mohammed F, Wang Y, Tou K, Liu X, Wen P, Kinoh H, Anraku Y, Chen H, Kataoka K, Ge Z. Therapeutic Polymersome Nanoreactors with Tumor-Specific Activable Cascade Reactions for Cooperative Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:2357-2369. [PMID: 30699292 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoreactors are of increasing interest in precise cancer therapy, which have been explored to in situ produce therapeutic compounds from inert prodrugs or intrinsic molecules at the target sites. However, engineering a nanoreactor with tumor activable cascade reactions for efficient cooperative cancer therapy remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a polymersome nanoreactor with tumor acidity-responsive membrane permeability to activate cascade reactions for orchestrated cooperative cancer treatment. The nanoreactors are constructed from responsive polyprodrug polymersomes incorporating ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles and glucose oxidase in the membranes and inner aqueous cavities, respectively. The cascade reactions including glucose consumption to generate H2O2, accelerated iron ion release, Fenton reaction between H2O2 and iron ion to produce hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and •OH-triggered rapid release of parent drugs can be specifically activated by the tumor acidity-responsive membrane permeability. During this process, the orchestrated cooperative cancer therapy including starving therapy, chemodynamic therapy, and chemotherapy is realized for high-efficiency tumor suppression by the in situ consumed and produced compounds. The nanoreactor design with tumor-activable cascade reactions represents an insightful paradigm for precise cooperative cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , Anhui China
| | - Junjie Li
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Fathelrahman Mohammed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , Anhui China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , Anhui China
| | - Kazuko Tou
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Xueying Liu
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Panyue Wen
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kinoh
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
| | - Yasutaka Anraku
- Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Huabing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM) , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan
- Policy Alternatives Research Institute , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , Anhui China
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28
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Kim E, Mishra AK, Choi C, Kim M, Park S, Park SY, Ahn S, Kim JK. Phase Behavior of Adenine-Containing Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunseol Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Avnish Kumar Mishra
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Chungryong Choi
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Mooseong Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Seungkyoo Park
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - So Yeong Park
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Ahn
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 37673, Korea
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29
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Dong R, Liu R, Gaffney PRJ, Schaepertoens M, Marchetti P, Williams CM, Chen R, Livingston AG. Sequence-defined multifunctional polyethers via liquid-phase synthesis with molecular sieving. Nat Chem 2018; 11:136-145. [PMID: 30510218 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-018-0169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chemists have devoted tremendous effort towards the production of precision synthetic polymers with defined sequences and specific functions. However, the creation of a general technology that enables precise control over monomer sequence, with efficient isolation of the target polymers, is highly challenging. Here, we report a robust strategy for the production of sequence-defined synthetic polymers through a combination of liquid-phase synthesis and selective molecular sieving. The polymer is assembled in solution with real-time monitoring to ensure couplings proceed to completion, on a three-armed star-shaped macromolecule to maximize efficiency during the molecular sieving process. This approach is applied to the construction of sequence-defined polyethers, with side-arms at precisely defined locations that can undergo site-selective modification after polymerization. Using this versatile strategy, we have introduced structural and functional diversity into sequence-defined polyethers, unlocking their potential for real-life applications in nanotechnology, healthcare and information storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Dong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Piers R J Gaffney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Christopher M Williams
- EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility (NMSF), Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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30
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Dergunov SA. Facile Synthesis of Chiral Polymers with Defined Architecture via Cooperative Assembly of Confined Templates. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1322-1327. [PMID: 35651254 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein is presented the synergistically self-assembled system as biomimetic polymerization media. This approach allows the facile synthesis of chiral amino acid-based polymers with high molecular weight and low dispersity inside of the bilayer of catanionic vesicles by using a conventional radical polymerization under moderate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dergunov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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31
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Le D, Keller D, Delaittre G. Reactive and Functional Nanoobjects by Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800551. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Le
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Dominic Keller
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology; Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
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32
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Jenjob R, Seidi F, Crespy D. Recent advances in polymerizations in dispersed media. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 260:24-31. [PMID: 30170689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in chemistry heterophase polymerizations reflect new developments in polymer chemistry. Although some few polymerization reactions cannot be performed in dispersed media, new polymerization reactions can still benefit from advantages of heterophase reactions, which are fast kinetics due to high local concentration of reagents and advantageous heat exchange. We describe here advances in heterophase polymerizations, with a focus on miniemulsion polymerization, which are mainly driven by academic interest for biomedicine and energy science. Click-reactions in dispersion are particularly interesting because they are bioorthogonals. Synthesis of highly crosslinked polymer colloids, especially with conjugated polymers, has found applications in gas storage, catalysis, and production of energy. Finally, we show how spatial segregation in heterophase polymerization can help to obtain polymer materials with unique structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapol Jenjob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, 21210 Rayong, Thailand.
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33
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Hutchings LR, Brooks PP, Shaw P, Ross‐Gardner P. Fire and Forget! One‐Shot Synthesis and Characterization of Block‐Like Statistical Terpolymers via Living Anionic Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lian R. Hutchings
- Durham Centre for Soft Matter, Department of ChemistryDurham University Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Paul P. Brooks
- Durham Centre for Soft Matter, Department of ChemistryDurham University Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
- Synthomer Central Road, Templefields, Harlow Essex CM20 2BH United Kingdom
| | - Peter Shaw
- Synthomer Central Road, Templefields, Harlow Essex CM20 2BH United Kingdom
| | - Paul Ross‐Gardner
- Synthomer Central Road, Templefields, Harlow Essex CM20 2BH United Kingdom
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34
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Li X, Figg CA, Wang R, Jiang Y, Lyu Y, Sun H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Teng IT, Hou W, Cai R, Cui C, Li L, Pan X, Sumerlin BS, Tan W. Cross-Linked Aptamer-Lipid Micelles for Excellent Stability and Specificity in Target-Cell Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11589-11593. [PMID: 30079455 PMCID: PMC6442728 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The specific binding ability of DNA-lipid micelles (DLMs) can be increased by the introduction of an aptamer. However, supramolecular micellar structures based on self-assemblies of amphiphilic DLMs are expected to demonstrate low stability when interacting with cell membranes under certain conditions, which could lead to a reduction in selectivity for targeting cancer cells. We herein report a straightforward cross-linking strategy that relies on a methacrylamide branch to link aptamer and lipid segments. By an efficient photoinduced polymerization process, covalently linked aptamer-lipid units help stabilize the micelle structure and enhance aptamer probe stability, further improving the targeting ability of the resulting nanoassembly. Besides the development of a facile cross-linking method, this study clarifies the relationship between aptamer-lipid concentration and the corresponding binding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA)
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Ruowen Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082 (China), Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai, 200240 (China)
| | - Ying Jiang
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA), Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key LaboratoryofChemo/Bio-SensingandChemometrics,CollegeofLife Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha,Hunan, 410082 (China)
| | - Yifan Lyu
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA), Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key LaboratoryofChemo/Bio-SensingandChemometrics,CollegeofLife Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha,Hunan, 410082 (China)
| | - Hao Sun
- George and Josephine Butler PolymerResearch Laboratory Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry,University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key LaboratoryofChemo/Bio-SensingandChemometrics,CollegeofLife Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha,Hunan, 410082 (China)
| | - Yanyue Wang
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA)
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA)
| | - Weijia Hou
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA)
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key LaboratoryofChemo/Bio-SensingandChemometrics,CollegeofLife Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha,Hunan, 410082 (China)
| | - Cheng Cui
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA), Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key LaboratoryofChemo/Bio-SensingandChemometrics,CollegeofLife Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha,Hunan, 410082 (China)
| | - Long Li
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA)
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA)
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler PolymerResearch Laboratory Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering Department of Chemistry,University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611-7200 (USA)
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiologyand Functional Genomics Health Cancer Center,UFGenetics Institute and McKnightBrain Institute, University of Florida Gainesville, FL 32611 (USA), Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key LaboratoryofChemo/Bio-SensingandChemometrics,CollegeofLife Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering, Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha,Hunan, 410082 (China), Institute of Molecular Medicine,Renji Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySchool of Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai, 200240 (China)
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35
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Li X, Figg CA, Wang R, Jiang Y, Lyu Y, Sun H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Teng IT, Hou W, Cai R, Cui C, Li L, Pan X, Sumerlin BS, Tan W. Cross-Linked Aptamer-Lipid Micelles for Excellent Stability and Specificity in Target-Cell Recognition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - C. Adrian Figg
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory; Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Ruowen Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yifan Lyu
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Hao Sun
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory; Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Yanyue Wang
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Weijia Hou
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Ren Cai
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
| | - Long Li
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory; Center for Macromolecular Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-7200 USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at the Bio/Nano Interface; Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics; Health Cancer Center; UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL); State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics; College of Life Sciences and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Aptamer Engineering; Center of Hunan Province; Hunan University; Changsha Hunan 410082 China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shanghai 200240 China
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36
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Zhou Z, Palermo EF. Templated Ring-Opening Metathesis (TROM) of Cyclic Olefins Tethered to Unimolecular Oligo(thiophene)s. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Edmund F. Palermo
- Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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37
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Li S, Schroeder CM. Synthesis and Direct Observation of Thermoresponsive DNA Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:281-286. [PMID: 35632918 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Single-molecule techniques allow for the direct observation of long-chain macromolecules, and these methods can provide a molecular understanding of chemically heterogeneous and stimuli-response polymers. In this work, we report the synthesis and direct observation of thermoresponsive DNA copolymers using single-molecule techniques. DNA-PNIPAM copolymers are synthesized using a two-step strategy based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for generating linear DNA backbones containing non-natural nucleotides (dibenzocyclooctyne-dUTP), followed by grafting thermoresponsive side branches (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM) onto DNA backbones using copper-free click chemistry. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is used to directly observe the stretching and relaxation dynamics of DNA-PNIPAM copolymers both below and above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. Our results show that the intramolecular conformational dynamics of DNA-PNIPAM copolymers are affected by temperature, branch density, and branch molecular weight. Single-molecule experiments reveal an underlying molecular heterogeneity associated with polymer stretching and relaxation behavior, which arises in part due to heterogeneous chemical identity on DNA copolymer dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Charles M. Schroeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana—Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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38
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Engelis NG, Anastasaki A, Whitfield R, Jones GR, Liarou E, Nikolaou V, Nurumbetov G, Haddleton DM. Sequence-Controlled Methacrylic Multiblock Copolymers: Expanding the Scope of Sulfur-Free RAFT. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G. Engelis
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Whitfield
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Glen R. Jones
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Evelina Liarou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Vasiliki Nikolaou
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabit Nurumbetov
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - David M. Haddleton
- Chemistry Department, University of Warwick, Library Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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39
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Wilson MJ, Fenati RA, Williams EGL, Ellis AV. Synthesis of a deoxyguanosine monophosphate rich propyl methacrylate oligomer. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Propyl methacrylate oligomers with pendant guanosine monophosphate nucleotides can self-assemble in the presence of monovalent cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Wilson
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
| | - Renzo A. Fenati
- Flinders Centre for Nanoscale Science and Technology
- Flinders University
- Bedford Park
- Australia
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
| | | | - Amanda V. Ellis
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Victoria 3010
- Australia
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40
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Yang H, Xi W. Nucleobase-Containing Polymers: Structure, Synthesis, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E666. [PMID: 30965964 PMCID: PMC6418729 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleobase interactions play a fundamental role in biological functions, including transcription and translation. Natural nucleic acids like DNA are also widely implemented in material realm such as DNA guided self-assembly of nanomaterials. Inspired by that, polymer chemists have contributed phenomenal endeavors to mimic both the structures and functions of natural nucleic acids in synthetic polymers. Similar sequence-dependent responses were observed and employed in the self-assembly of these nucleobase-containing polymers. Here, the structures, synthetic approaches, and applications of nucleobase-containing polymers are highlighted and a brief look is taken at the future development of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China.
| | - Weixian Xi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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41
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Biggs CI, Bailey TL, Ben Graham, Stubbs C, Fayter A, Gibson MI. Polymer mimics of biomacromolecular antifreezes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1546. [PMID: 29142216 PMCID: PMC5688100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins from polar fish species are remarkable biomacromolecules which prevent the growth of ice crystals. Ice crystal growth is a major problem in cell/tissue cryopreservation for transplantation, transfusion and basic biomedical research, as well as technological applications such as icing of aircraft wings. This review will introduce the rapidly emerging field of synthetic macromolecular (polymer) mimics of antifreeze proteins. Particular focus is placed on designing polymers which have no structural similarities to antifreeze proteins but reproduce the same macroscopic properties, potentially by different molecular-level mechanisms. The application of these polymers to the cryopreservation of donor cells is also introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline I Biggs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Trisha L Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ben Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Alice Fayter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew I Gibson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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42
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Li J, Li Y, Wang Y, Ke W, Chen W, Wang W, Ge Z. Polymer Prodrug-Based Nanoreactors Activated by Tumor Acidity for Orchestrated Oxidation/Chemotherapy. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:6983-6990. [PMID: 28977746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b03531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoreactors have been proposed to treat cancers through in situ transformation of low-toxicity prodrugs into toxic therapeutics in the body. However, the in vivo applications are limited by low tissue-specificity and different tissue distributions between sequentially injected nanoreactors and prodrugs. Herein, we construct a block copolymer prodrug-based polymersome nanoreactor that can achieve novel orchestrated oxidation/chemotherapy of cancer via specific activation at tumor sites. The block copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and copolymerized monomers of camptothecin (CPT) and piperidine-modified methacrylate [P(CPTMA-co-PEMA)] were optimized to self-assemble into polymersomes in aqueous solution for encapsulation of glucose oxidase (GOD) to obtain GOD-loaded polymersome nanoreactors (GOD@PCPT-NR). GOD@PCPT-NR maintained inactive in normal tissues upon systemic administration. After deposition in tumor tissues, tumor acidity-triggered protonation of PPEMA segments resulted in high permeability of the polymersome membranes and oxidation reaction of diffused glucose and O2 under the catalysis of GOD. The activation of the reaction generated H2O2, improving the oxidative stress in tumors. Simultaneously, a high level of H2O2 further activated PCPTMA prodrugs, releasing active CPT drugs. High tumor oxidative stress and released CPT drugs synergistically killed cancer cells and suppressed tumor growth via oxidation/chemotherapy. Our study provides a new strategy for engineering therapeutic nanoreactors in an orchestrated fashion for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Wendong Ke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong-Karolinska Institutet Collaboration in Regenerative Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
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43
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Anastasaki A, Oschmann B, Willenbacher J, Melker A, Van Son MHC, Truong NP, Schulze MW, Discekici EH, McGrath AJ, Davis TP, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. One-Pot Synthesis of ABCDE Multiblock Copolymers with Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Semi-Fluorinated Segments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14483-14487. [PMID: 28980360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The scope and accessibility of sequence-controlled multiblock copolymers is demonstrated by direct "in situ" polymerization of hydrophobic, hydrophilic and fluorinated monomers. Key to the success of this strategy is the ability to synthesize ABCDE, EDCBA and EDCBABCDE sequences with high monomer conversions (>98 %) through iterative monomer additions, yielding excellent block purity and low overall molar mass dispersities (Ð<1.16). Small-angle X-ray scattering showed that certain sequences can form well-ordered mesostructures. This synthetic approach constitutes a simple and versatile platform for expanding the availability of tailored polymeric materials from readily available monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Anastasaki
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Bernd Oschmann
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Johannes Willenbacher
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Anna Melker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Martin H C Van Son
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Nghia P Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Morgan W Schulze
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Emre H Discekici
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alaina J McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher M Bates
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Craig J Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.,Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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44
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Anastasaki A, Oschmann B, Willenbacher J, Melker A, Van Son MHC, Truong NP, Schulze MW, Discekici EH, McGrath AJ, Davis TP, Bates CM, Hawker CJ. One‐Pot Synthesis of ABCDE Multiblock Copolymers with Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic, and Semi‐Fluorinated Segments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athina Anastasaki
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Bernd Oschmann
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Johannes Willenbacher
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Anna Melker
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Martin H. C. Van Son
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Melbourne Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Morgan W. Schulze
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Emre H. Discekici
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University Parkville Melbourne Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Christopher M. Bates
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Materials Department University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
- Materials Department University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA
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45
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Gumbs TL, White LJ, Wells NJ, Shepherd HJ, Hiscock JR. ‘Frustrated’ hydrogen-bonded self-associated systems as templates towards DNA incorporated nanostructure formation. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1351613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamrin L. Gumbs
- Dr J. R. Hiscock, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Lisa J. White
- Dr J. R. Hiscock, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Neil J. Wells
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Helena J. Shepherd
- Dr J. R. Hiscock, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jennifer R. Hiscock
- Dr J. R. Hiscock, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Fong D, Hua Z, Wilks TR, O'Reilly RK, Adronov A. Dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes using nucleobase-containing poly(acrylamide) polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Zan Hua
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Wilks
- Department of Chemistry; University of Warwick; Coventry United Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Hua Z, Keogh R, Li Z, Wilks TR, Chen G, O’Reilly RK. Reversibly Manipulating the Surface Chemistry of Polymeric Nanostructures via a "Grafting To" Approach Mediated by Nucleobase Interactions. Macromolecules 2017; 50:3662-3670. [PMID: 28529382 PMCID: PMC5435456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
"Grafting to" polymeric nanostructures or surfaces is a simple and versatile approach to achieve functionalization. Herein, we describe the formation of mixed polymer-grafted nanoparticles through a supramolecular "grafting to" method that exploits multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions between the thymine (T)-containing cores of preformed micelles and the complementary nucleobase adenine (A) of added diblock copolymers. To demonstrate this new "grafting to" approach, mixed-corona polymeric nanoparticles with different sizes were prepared by the addition of a series of complementary diblock copolymers containing thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to a preformed micelle with a different coronal forming block, poly(4-acryloylmorpholine) (PNAM). PNIPAM chains were distributed throughout the corona and facilitated a fast and fully reversible size change of the resulting mixed-corona micelles upon heating. Through the introduction of an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, the reversible changes in nanoparticle size and coronal composition could be easily probed. Furthermore, preparation of mixed-corona micelles also enabled ligands, such as d-mannose, to be concealed and displayed on the micelle surface. This supramolecular "grafting to" approach provides a straightforward route to fabricate highly functionalized mixed polymeric nanostructures or surfaces with potential applications in targeted diagnosis or therapy and responsive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zan Hua
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Robert Keogh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Zhen Li
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Thomas R. Wilks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
| | - Guosong Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and Department
of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rachel K. O’Reilly
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wilson
- University of Warwick; Department of Chemistry; Coventry Library Rd CV4 7AL UK
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49
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Baumgartner R, Fu H, Song Z, Lin Y, Cheng J. Cooperative polymerization of α-helices induced by macromolecular architecture. Nat Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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50
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Lastovickova DN, Shao H, Lu G, Liu P, Bielawski CW. A Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst That Exhibits Redox-Switchable Monomer Selectivities. Chemistry 2017; 23:5994-6000. [PMID: 27977049 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A ring-opening metathesis polymerization catalyst supported by a redox-active N-heterocyclic carbene was synthesized and found to undergo reversible reduction. In its neutral form, the catalyst polymerized 1,5-cis,cis-cyclooctadiene at a higher rate than that of a norbornene derivative; however, upon reduction, the selectivity was found to reverse. Utilizing this oxidation state dependent selectivity, a series of copolymers with controlled compositions, microstructures, and physical properties were prepared by redox-switching the catalyst over the course of a series of polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika N Lastovickova
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, A1590, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiling Shao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Christopher W Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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