1
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Garzón-Ramírez AJ, Franco I. Stark control of electrons across the molecule-semiconductor interface. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:044704. [PMID: 37486053 DOI: 10.1063/5.0154862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling matter at the level of electrons using ultrafast laser sources represents an important challenge for science and technology. Recently, we introduced a general laser control scheme (the Stark control of electrons at interfaces or SCELI) based on the Stark effect that uses the subcycle structure of light to manipulate electron dynamics at semiconductor interfaces [A. Garzón-Ramírez and I. Franco, Phys. Rev. B 98, 121305 (2018)]. Here, we demonstrate that SCELI is also of general applicability in molecule-semiconductor interfaces. We do so by following the quantum dynamics induced by non-resonant few-cycle laser pulses of intermediate intensity (non-perturbative but non-ionizing) across model molecule-semiconductor interfaces of varying level alignments. We show that SCELI induces interfacial charge transfer regardless of the energy level alignment of the interface and even in situations where charge exchange is forbidden via resonant photoexcitation. We further show that the SCELI rate of charge transfer is faster than those offered by resonant photoexcitation routes as it is controlled by the subcycle structure of light. The results underscore the general applicability of SCELI to manipulate electron dynamics at interfaces on ultrafast timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Franco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
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2
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Say Z, Kaya M, Kaderoğlu Ç, Koçak Y, Ercan KE, Sika-Nartey AT, Jalal A, Turk AA, Langhammer C, Jahangirzadeh Varjovi M, Durgun E, Ozensoy E. Unraveling Molecular Fingerprints of Catalytic Sulfur Poisoning at the Nanometer Scale with Near-Field Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8848-8860. [PMID: 35486918 PMCID: PMC9121382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Fundamental understanding
of catalytic deactivation phenomena such
as sulfur poisoning occurring on metal/metal-oxide interfaces is essential
for the development of high-performance heterogeneous catalysts with
extended lifetimes. Unambiguous identification of catalytic poisoning
species requires experimental methods simultaneously delivering accurate
information regarding adsorption sites and adsorption geometries of
adsorbates with nanometer-scale spatial resolution, as well as their
detailed chemical structure and surface functional groups. However,
to date, it has not been possible to study catalytic sulfur poisoning
of metal/metal-oxide interfaces at the nanometer scale without sacrificing
chemical definition. Here, we demonstrate that near-field nano-infrared
spectroscopy can effectively identify the chemical nature, adsorption
sites, and adsorption geometries of sulfur-based catalytic poisons
on a Pd(nanodisk)/Al2O3 (thin-film) planar model
catalyst surface at the nanometer scale. The current results reveal
striking variations in the nature of sulfate species from one nanoparticle
to another, vast alterations of sulfur poisoning on a single Pd nanoparticle
as well as at the assortment of sulfate species at the active metal–metal-oxide
support interfacial sites. These findings provide critical molecular-level
insights crucial for the development of long-lifetime precious metal
catalysts resistant toward deactivation by sulfur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Say
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06510 Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Melike Kaya
- Institute of Acceleration Technologies, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey.,Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory (TARLA), 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağıl Kaderoğlu
- Turkish Accelerator and Radiation Laboratory (TARLA), 06830 Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Physics Engineering, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Koçak
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerem Emre Ercan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ahsan Jalal
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Arda Turk
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Engin Durgun
- UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emrah Ozensoy
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.,UNAM─National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, 06800 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Zhong Q, Niu K, Chen L, Zhang H, Ebeling D, Björk J, Müllen K, Schirmeisen A, Chi L. Substrate-Modulated Synthesis of Metal-Organic Hybrids by Tunable Multiple Aryl-Metal Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8214-8222. [PMID: 35442656 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of semiconducting organic molecules with multiple aryl-metal covalent bonds into stable one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) metal-organic frameworks represents a promising route to the integration of single-molecule electronics in terms of structural robustness and charge transport efficiency. Although various metastable organometallic frameworks have been constructed by the extensive use of single aryl-metal bonds, it remains a great challenge to embed multiple aryl-metal bonds into these structures due to inadequate knowledge of harnessing such complex bonding motifs. Here, we demonstrate the substrate-modulated synthesis of 1D and 2D metal-organic hybrids (MOHs) with the organic building blocks (perylene) interlinked solely with multiple aryl-metal bonds via the stepwise thermal dehalogenation of 3,4,9,10-tetrabromo-1,6,7,12-tetrachloroperylene and subsequent metal-organic connection on metal surfaces. More importantly, the conversion from 1D to 2D MOHs is completely impeded on Au(111) but dominant on Ag(111). We comprehensively study the distinct reaction pathways on the two surfaces by visually tracking the structural evolution of the MOHs with high-resolution scanning tunneling and noncontact atomic force microscopy, supported by first-principles density functional theory calculations. The substrate-dependent structural control of the MOHs is attributed to the variation of the M-X (M = Au, Ag; X = C, Cl) bond strength regulated by the nature of the metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.,Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China.,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Long Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Haiming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas Björk
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, IFM, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Soochow University, 215123 Suzhou, China
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4
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Bian K, Gerber C, Heinrich AJ, Müller DJ, Scheuring S, Jiang Y. Scanning probe microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s43586-021-00033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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5
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Guan S, Cai Z, Liu J, Pang R, Wu D, Ulstrup J, Tian Z. Adsorption, Stretching, and Breaking Processes in Single‐Molecule Conductance of
para
‐Benzenedimethanethiol in Gold Nanogaps: A DFT‐NEGF Theoretical Study**. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si‐Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Zhuan‐Yun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Ran Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - De‐Yin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
| | - Jens Ulstrup
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Denmark 2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - Zhong‐Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 P. R. China
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6
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Schultz JF, Yang B, Jiang N. On-surface formation of metal–organic coordination networks with C⋯Ag⋯C and C=O⋯Ag interactions assisted by precursor self-assembly. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:044703. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0038559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Bing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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7
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Yang Z, Sander T, Gebhardt J, Schaub TA, Schönamsgruber J, Soni HR, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Metalated Graphyne-Based Networks as Two-Dimensional Materials: Crystallization, Topological Defects, Delocalized Electronic States, and Site-Specific Doping. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16887-16896. [PMID: 33238103 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphyne-based two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes feature extraordinary physical properties; however, their synthesis as crystalline single-layered materials has remained challenging. We report on the fabrication of large-area organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide networks and their structural and electronic properties on Ag(111) using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The metalated graphyne-based networks are robust at room temperature and assembled in a bottom-up approach via surface-assisted dehalogenative homocoupling of terminal alkynyl bromides. Large-area networks of several hundred nanometers with topological defects at domain boundaries are obtained due to the Ag-acetylide bonds' reversible nature. The thermodynamically controlled growth mechanism is explained through the direct observation of intermediates, which differ on Ag(111) and Au(111). Scanning tunneling spectroscopy resolved unoccupied states delocalized across the network. The energy of these states can be shifted locally by the attachment of a different number of Br atoms within the network. DFT revealed that free-standing metal-bis-acetylide networks are semimetals with a linear band dispersion around several high-symmetry points, which suggest the presence of Weyl points. These results demonstrate that the organometallic Ag-bis-acetylide networks feature the typical 2D material properties, which make them of great interest for fundamental studies and electronic materials in devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Yang
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tim Sander
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Gebhardt
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias A Schaub
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schönamsgruber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Himadri R Soni
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Maier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Albrecht F, Rey D, Fatayer S, Schulz F, Pérez D, Peña D, Gross L. Intramolecular Coupling of Terminal Alkynes by Atom Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce Rey
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | | | | | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica Universidade de Santiago de Compostela 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research–Zurich 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
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9
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Albrecht F, Rey D, Fatayer S, Schulz F, Pérez D, Peña D, Gross L. Intramolecular Coupling of Terminal Alkynes by Atom Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22989-22993. [PMID: 32845044 PMCID: PMC7756451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaser-like coupling of terminal alkynes by thermal activation is extensively used in on-surface chemistry. Here we demonstrate an intramolecular version of this reaction performed by atom manipulation. We used voltage pulses from the tip to trigger a Glaser-like coupling between terminal alkyne carbons within a custom-synthesized precursor molecule adsorbed on bilayer NaCl on Cu(111). Different conformations of the precursor molecule and the product were characterized by molecular structure elucidation with atomic force microscopy and orbital density mapping with scanning tunneling microscopy, accompanied by density functional theory calculations. We revealed partially dehydrogenated intermediates, providing insight into the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce Rey
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiagode CompostelaSpain
| | | | | | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiagode CompostelaSpain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais, Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química OrgánicaUniversidade de Santiago de Compostela15782Santiagode CompostelaSpain
| | - Leo Gross
- IBM Research–Zurich8803RüschlikonSwitzerland
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10
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Role of molecule-electrode coupling strength in inducing inelastic transmission spectra of Hf@C28. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Wang N, Allgeier AM, Weatherley LR. Controlling reaction rate of phase transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone by application of low external electric field. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Alan M. Allgeier
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
| | - Laurence R. Weatherley
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering The University of Kansas Lawrence Kansas USA
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12
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Schultz JF, Li S, Jiang S, Jiang N. Optical scanning tunneling microscopy based chemical imaging and spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:463001. [PMID: 32702674 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aba8c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Through coupling optical processes with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), single-molecule chemistry and physics have been investigated at the ultimate spatial and temporal limit. Electrons and photons can be used to drive interactions and reactions in chemical systems and simultaneously probe their characteristics and consequences. In this review we introduce and review methods to couple optical imaging and spectroscopy with scanning tunneling microscopy. The integration of the STM and optical spectroscopy provides new insights into individual molecular adsorbates, surface-supported molecular assemblies, and two-dimensional materials with subnanoscale resolution, enabling the fundamental study of chemistry at the spatial and temporal limit. The inelastic scattering of photons by molecules and materials, that results in unique and sensitive vibrational fingerprints, will be considered with tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. STM-induced luminescence examines the intrinsic luminescence of organic adsorbates and their energy transfer and charge transfer processes with their surroundings. We also provide a survey of recent efforts to probe the dynamics of optical excitation at the molecular level with scanning tunneling microscopy in the context of light-induced photophysical and photochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F Schultz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, United States of America
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States of America
| | - Song Jiang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPCMS, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States of America
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13
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Song S, Guo N, Li X, Li G, Haketa Y, Telychko M, Su J, Lyu P, Qiu Z, Fang H, Peng X, Li J, Wu X, Li Y, Su C, Koh MJ, Wu J, Maeda H, Zhang C, Lu J. Real-Space Imaging of a Single-Molecule Monoradical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13550-13557. [PMID: 32633951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals consisting of light elements exhibit a low spin-orbit coupling and weak hyperfine interactions with a long spin coherence length, which are crucial for future applications in molecular spintronics. However, the synthesis and characterization of these organic radicals have been a formidable challenge due to their chemical instability arising from unpaired electrons. Here, we report a direct imaging of the surface chemical transformation of an organic monoradical synthesized via the monodehydrogenation of a chemically designed precursor. Bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy unambiguously resolves various products formed through a complex structural dissociation and rearrangement of organic monoradicals. Density functional theory calculations reveal detailed reaction pathways from the monoradical to different cyclized products. Our study provides unprecedented insights into complex surface reaction mechanisms of organic radical reactions at the single molecule level, which may guide the design of stable organic radicals for future quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinbang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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14
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Abstract
In the past decade, on-surface chemistry has provided fascinating concepts for the construction of covalently bonded molecular nanostructures and the exploration of new synthetic pathways that may be different from chemical synthesis in solution. Although the intermolecular reaction of precursor molecules may lead to the formation of the desired low-dimensional molecular architectures, it remains challenging to realize defect-free syntheses over large areas. Recently, intramolecular on-surface reactions have attracted increasing attention because they offer promising ways to synthesize functional organic molecules, especially those with extended conjugated π-systems. In this Perspective, we summarize the recent achievements in the field of on-surface intramolecular reactions and discuss future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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15
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Jafri SHM, Hayat A, Wallner A, Sher O, Orthaber A, Ottosson H, Leifer K. Nanomolecular electronic devices based on AuNP molecule nanoelectrodes using molecular place-exchange process. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:225207. [PMID: 32066129 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab76e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of electronics applications based on molecular electronics devices is hampered by the difficulty of placing a single or a few molecules with application-specific electronic properties in between metallic nanocontacts. Here, we present a novel method to fabricate 20 nm sized nanomolecular electronic devices (nanoMoED) using a molecular place-exchange process of nonconductive short alkyl thiolates with various short chain conductive oligomers. After the successful place-exchange with short-chain conjugated oligomers in the nanoMoED devices, a change in device resistance of up to four orders of magnitude for 4,4'-biphenyldithiol (BPDT), and up to three orders of magnitude for oligo phenylene-ethynylene (OPE), were observed. The place-exchange process in nanoMoEDs are verified by measuring changes in device resistance during repetitive place-exchange processes between conductive and nonconductive molecules and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This opens vast possibilities for the fabrication and application of nanoMoED devices with a large variety of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hassan M Jafri
- Applied Materials Science, Department of Engineering Sciences, Uppsala University, PO Box 534, Uppsala SE-75121, Sweden. Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur Azad Jammu and Kashmir 10250, Pakistan
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16
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Wang C, Chi L, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemische Synthese an Oberflächen mit Präzision in atomarer Größenordnung: Beherrschung von Komplexität und Genauigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional Materials & Devices Soochow University Suzhou 215123 V.R. China
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS ISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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17
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Wang C, Chi L, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemical Synthesis at Surfaces with Atomic Precision: Taming Complexity and Perfection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:18758-18775. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon Based Functional, Materials & DevicesSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de StrasbourgCNRSISIS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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18
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Ren J, Cnudde M, Brünink D, Buss S, Daniliuc CG, Liu L, Fuchs H, Strassert CA, Gao HY, Doltsinis NL. On-Surface Reactive Planarization of Pt(II) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15396-15400. [PMID: 31361071 PMCID: PMC6856856 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of Pt(II) complexes with tetradentate luminophores has been designed, synthesized, and deposited on coinage metal surfaces with the aim to produce highly planar self‐assembled monolayers. Low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal a significant initial nonplanarity for all complexes. A subsequent metal‐catalyzed separation of the nonplanar moiety at the bridging unit via the scission of a C−N bond is observed, leaving behind a largely planar core complex. The activation barrier of this bond scission process is found to depend strongly on the chemical nature of both bridging group and coordination plane, and to increase from Cu(111) through Ag(111) to Au(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Marvin Cnudde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lacheng Liu
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hong-Ying Gao
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
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19
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Ren J, Cnudde M, Brünink D, Buss S, Daniliuc CG, Liu L, Fuchs H, Strassert CA, Gao H, Doltsinis NL. Reaktive Oberflächenplanarisierung von Pt(II)‐Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Marvin Cnudde
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Dana Brünink
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Stefan Buss
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lacheng Liu
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 28/30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Hong‐Ying Gao
- Physikalisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech) Heisenbergstrasse 11 48149 Münster Deutschland
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 48149 Münster Deutschland
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20
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Li J, He X, Oguzie E, Peng C. Orbital mechanism of upright CO activation on Fe(100). SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jibiao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology (EBEAM)Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
- Department of PhysicsAlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Xin He
- School of Intelligent ManufacturingSichuan University of Arts and Science Dazhou China
| | - Emeka Oguzie
- Electrochemistry and Materials Science Research Laboratory, Department of ChemistryFederal University of Technology Owerri Nigeria
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Extraordinary Bond Engineering and Advanced Materials Technology (EBEAM)Yangtze Normal University Chongqing China
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21
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Wang H, Zhao X, Huang C, Jin X, Wei D, Dai D, Ma Z, Li WX, Yang X. Adsorption Features of Formaldehyde on TiO 2(110) Surface Probed by High-Resolution Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3352-3358. [PMID: 31181938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report a real-space imaging of formaldehyde (HCHO) adsorption on a TiO2(110) surface probed by high-resolution scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Density functional theory calculations (DFT) were carried out to assign the observed features. The adsorptions occur exclusively on 5-fold coordinated Ti (Ti5c) sites and oxygen vacancies (OVs). The well-resolved configurations on the Ti5c sites feature the overlapping of the two "dumbbell" structures which are originated from the empty orbitals of HCHO. The STM images for the physical adsorption of HCHO on the OV sites appear fuzzy because of the rapid switching of HCHO among the three stable orientations, while those for the chemical adsorption are much clearer, revealing a distinctive difference between chemical and physical adsorptions. This work presents a systematic characterization of the topological features of HCHO/TiO2(110) and provides useful information for mechanical understanding of the reaction mechanism of HCHO on the surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiangyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chuanqi Huang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies , Zhejiang Normal University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 311231 , China
| | - Xianchi Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
- Scienta Omicron GmbH , Limburger Strasse , 7565232 Taunusstein , Germany
| | - Dong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Wei-Xue Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei 230026 , China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics , Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
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22
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Huang X, Tang C, Li J, Chen LC, Zheng J, Zhang P, Le J, Li R, Li X, Liu J, Yang Y, Shi J, Chen Z, Bai M, Zhang HL, Xia H, Cheng J, Tian ZQ, Hong W. Electric field-induced selective catalysis of single-molecule reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw3072. [PMID: 31245539 PMCID: PMC6588380 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Oriented external electric fields (OEEFs) offer a unique chance to tune catalytic selectivity by orienting the alignment of the electric field along the axis of the activated bond for a specific chemical reaction; however, they remain a key experimental challenge. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the OEEF-induced selective catalysis in a two-step cascade reaction of the Diels-Alder addition followed by an aromatization process. Characterized by the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique in the nanogap and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in bottles, OEEFs are found to selectively catalyze the aromatization reaction by one order of magnitude owing to the alignment of the electric field on the reaction axis. Meanwhile, the Diels-Alder reaction remained unchanged since its reaction axis is orthogonal to the electric fields. This orientation-selective catalytic effect of OEEFs reveals that chemical reactions can be selectively manipulated through the elegant alignment between the electric fields and the reaction axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jieqiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiabo Le
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (J. Liu); (J.C.); (W.H.)
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mindong Bai
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (J. Liu); (J.C.); (W.H.)
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Corresponding author. (J. Liu); (J.C.); (W.H.)
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23
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Li S, Czap G, Wang H, Wang L, Chen S, Yu A, Wu R, Ho W. Bond-Selected Photodissociation of Single Molecules Adsorbed on Metal Surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:077401. [PMID: 30848644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.077401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the photoassisted activation of selected C─H bonds in individual molecules adsorbed on metal surfaces within the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. Photons can couple to the C─H bond activation of specific hydrocarbons through a resonant photoassisted tunneling process. The molecule to be activated can be selected by positioning the tip with subangstrom resolution. Furthermore, structural tomography of the molecule and its dissociation products are imaged at different heights by the inelastic tunneling probe. The demonstration of single bond dissociation induced by resonant photoassisted tunneling electrons implies the attainment of atomic scale spatial resolution for bond-selected photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Gregory Czap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Arthur Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - W Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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24
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Rusimova KR, Purkiss RM, Howes R, Lee F, Crampin S, Sloan PA. Regulating the femtosecond excited-state lifetime of a single molecule. Science 2018; 361:1012-1016. [PMID: 30190402 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The key to controlling reactions of molecules induced with the current of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip is the ultrashort intermediate excited ionic state. The initial condition of the excited state is set by the energy and position of the injected current; thereafter, its dynamics determines the reaction outcome. We show that a STM can directly and controllably influence the excited-state dynamics. For the STM-induced desorption of toluene molecules from the Si(111)-7x7 surface, as the tip approaches the molecule, the probability of manipulation drops by two orders of magnitude. A two-channel quenching of the excited state is proposed, consisting of an invariant surface channel and a tip height-dependent channel. We conclude that picometer tip proximity regulates the lifetime of the excited state from 10 femtoseconds to less than 0.1 femtoseconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Rusimova
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - R M Purkiss
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - R Howes
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - F Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - S Crampin
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - P A Sloan
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK. .,Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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25
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Goronzy DP, Ebrahimi M, Rosei F, Fang Y, De Feyter S, Tait SL, Wang C, Beton PH, Wee ATS, Weiss PS, Perepichka DF. Supramolecular Assemblies on Surfaces: Nanopatterning, Functionality, and Reactivity. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7445-7481. [PMID: 30010321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how molecules interact to form large-scale hierarchical structures on surfaces holds promise for building designer nanoscale constructs with defined chemical and physical properties. Here, we describe early advances in this field and highlight upcoming opportunities and challenges. Both direct intermolecular interactions and those that are mediated by coordinated metal centers or substrates are discussed. These interactions can be additive, but they can also interfere with each other, leading to new assemblies in which electrical potentials vary at distances much larger than those of typical chemical interactions. Earlier spectroscopic and surface measurements have provided partial information on such interfacial effects. In the interim, scanning probe microscopies have assumed defining roles in the field of molecular organization on surfaces, delivering deeper understanding of interactions, structures, and local potentials. Self-assembly is a key strategy to form extended structures on surfaces, advancing nanolithography into the chemical dimension and providing simultaneous control at multiple scales. In parallel, the emergence of graphene and the resulting impetus to explore 2D materials have broadened the field, as surface-confined reactions of molecular building blocks provide access to such materials as 2D polymers and graphene nanoribbons. In this Review, we describe recent advances and point out promising directions that will lead to even greater and more robust capabilities to exploit designer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Goronzy
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- INRS Centre for Energy, Materials and Telecommunications , 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet , Varennes , Quebec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- Institute for Fundamental and Frontier Science , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu 610054 , P.R. China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Department of Chemistry , KU Leuven , Celestijnenlaan 200F , Leuven 3001 , Belgium
| | - Steven L Tait
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405 , United States
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Peter H Beton
- School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T S Wee
- Department of Physics , National University of Singapore , 117542 Singapore
| | - Paul S Weiss
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- California NanoSystems Institute , University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles , California 90095 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , McGill University , Montreal H3A 0B8 , Canada
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26
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Yang Z, Gebhardt J, Schaub TA, Sander T, Schönamsgruber J, Soni H, Görling A, Kivala M, Maier S. Two-dimensional delocalized states in organometallic bis-acetylide networks on Ag(111). NANOSCALE 2018; 10:3769-3776. [PMID: 29411828 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08238j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of surface-supported organometallic networks with Ag-bis-acetylide bonds that are intermediate products in the bottom-up synthesis of graphdiyne and graphdiyne-like networks were studied. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) reveal a frontier, unoccupied electronic state that is delocalized along the entire organometallic network and proves the covalent nature of the Ag-bis-acetylide bonds. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations corroborate the spatial distribution of the observed delocalized state and attribute it to band mixing of carbon and silver atoms combined with n-doping of the metal surface. The metal-bis-acetylide bonds are typical metal-organic bonds with mixed character containing covalent and strong ionic contributions. Moreover, the organometallic networks exhibit a characteristic graphene-like band structure with linear band dispersion at each K point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Yang
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erwin-Rommel-Straße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molekulares Kästchenpapier. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Departement Chemie; Universität Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Schweiz
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials; LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU; Guangzhou V.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; P.O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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28
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Lindner M, Valášek M, Mayor M, Frauhammer T, Wulfhekel W, Gerhard L. Molecular Graph Paper. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8290-8294. [PMID: 28544167 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201703586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a self-assembled template that consists of tetraphenylmethane derivatives and adopts a periodic lateral arrangement on a Au(111) surface with acetyl groups sticking out of the molecular film. By using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, these acetyl groups can be removed in a spatially controlled way without significantly affecting the remaining molecular assembly. The chemically modified molecules can be readily distinguished from the original ones such that information can be engraved in the molecular film. Both the modified nature of an individual molecule and the order of the molecular film are shown to persist at room temperature. The mesh size of this molecular graph paper can be tuned by varying the length of the molecular spacer so that writing and reading information on the nanoscale with variable letter sizes becomes possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lindner
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.,Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, LIFM, Sun Yat-Sen University, SYSU, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Timo Frauhammer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wulf Wulfhekel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Wolfgang-Gaede-Strasse 1, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lukas Gerhard
- Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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29
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Xie XC, Yu L. Recent advances in condensed-matter physics in China. Natl Sci Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Cheng Xie
- Xin-Cheng Xie Dean and Chair Professor, School of Physics, Peking UniversityEditorial Board Member of NSRLu YuSenior Scientist, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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30
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Guo J, Bian K, Lin Z, Jiang Y. Perspective: Structure and dynamics of water at surfaces probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:160901. [PMID: 27802647 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed and precise understanding of water-solid interaction largely relies on the development of atomic-scale experimental techniques, among which scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has proven to be a noteworthy example. In this perspective, we review the recent advances of STM techniques in imaging, spectroscopy, and manipulation of water molecules. We discuss how those newly developed techniques are applied to probe the structure and dynamics of water at solid surfaces with single-molecule and even submolecular resolution, paying particular attention to the ability of accessing the degree of freedom of hydrogen. In the end, we present an outlook on the directions of future STM studies of water-solid interfaces as well as the challenges faced by this field. Some new scanning probe techniques beyond STM are also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeren Lin
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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31
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Anggara K, Huang K, Leung L, Chatterjee A, Cheng F, Polanyi JC. Bond selectivity in electron-induced reaction due to directed recoil on an anisotropic substrate. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13690. [PMID: 27934861 PMCID: PMC5476794 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bond-selective reaction is central to heterogeneous catalysis. In heterogeneous catalysis, selectivity is found to depend on the chemical nature and morphology of the substrate. Here, however, we show a high degree of bond selectivity dependent only on adsorbate bond alignment. The system studied is the electron-induced reaction of meta-diiodobenzene physisorbed on Cu(110). Of the adsorbate's C-I bonds, C-I aligned 'Along' the copper row dissociates in 99.3% of the cases giving surface reaction, whereas C-I bond aligned 'Across' the rows dissociates in only 0.7% of the cases. A two-electronic-state molecular dynamics model attributes reaction to an initial transition to a repulsive state of an Along C-I, followed by directed recoil of C towards a Cu atom of the same row, forming C-Cu. A similar impulse on an Across C-I gives directed C that, moving across rows, does not encounter a Cu atom and hence exhibits markedly less reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Anggara
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Kai Huang
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Lydie Leung
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Avisek Chatterjee
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Fang Cheng
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John C Polanyi
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto, 80 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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32
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Zhang H, Chi L. Gold-Organic Hybrids: On-Surface Synthesis and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:10492-10498. [PMID: 27628247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold-organic hybrids can be prepared on gold substrates by on-surface dehalogenation of molecular precursors with multiple halogen substituents. Various contact geometries of covalent arylAu bonds are achieved by changing the halogen substituents in the bay or peri regions. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) investigations allow a better understanding of the structure/property relationships in various gold-aryl contacts. Recent progress on the synthesis, large-scale alignment, and STS measurement of gold-organic hybrids is described, ending with an emphasis on potential future applications, e.g., as precursors (intermediates) for the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) on insulating surfaces, and as a model system to investigate the role of covalent arylAu bonds in electron transport through gold-GNR contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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33
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Abstract
Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in thin-film-transistors, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, sensors, photorefractive devices, and many others. The technological promises include low cost of these materials and the possibility of their room-temperature deposition from solution on large-area and/or flexible substrates. The article reviews the current understanding of the physical mechanisms that determine the (opto)electronic properties of high-performance organic materials. The focus of the review is on photoinduced processes and on electronic properties important for optoelectronic applications relying on charge carrier photogeneration. Additionally, it highlights the capabilities of various experimental techniques for characterization of these materials, summarizes top-of-the-line device performance, and outlines recent trends in the further development of the field. The properties of materials based both on small molecules and on conjugated polymers are considered, and their applications in organic solar cells, photodetectors, and photorefractive devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Ostroverkhova
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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34
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A robust molecular probe for Ångstrom-scale analytics in liquids. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12403. [PMID: 27516157 PMCID: PMC4990633 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, nanomaterial profiling using a single-molecule-terminated scanning probe is performed at the vacuum–solid interface often at a few Kelvin, but is not a notion immediately associated with liquid–solid interface at room temperature. Here, using a scanning tunnelling probe functionalized with a single C60 molecule stabilized in a high-density liquid, we resolve low-dimensional surface defects, atomic interfaces and capture Ångstrom-level bond-length variations in single-layer graphene and MoS2. Atom-by-atom controllable imaging contrast is demonstrated at room temperature and the electronic structure of the C60–metal probe complex within the encompassing liquid molecules is clarified using density functional theory. Our findings demonstrates that operating a robust single-molecular probe is not restricted to ultra-high vacuum and cryogenic settings. Hence the scope of high-precision analytics can be extended towards resolving sub-molecular features of organic elements and gauging ambient compatibility of emerging layered materials with atomic-scale sensitivity under experimentally less stringent conditions. Single-molecule-terminated scanning probes typically operate under ultra-high vacuum conditions at low temperatures. Here, the authors show that tips functionalized with C60 can image single-layer graphene and MoS2 with high definition in a liquid environment at room temperature
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35
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Godlewski S, Kawai H, Engelund M, Kolmer M, Zuzak R, Garcia-Lekue A, Novell-Leruth G, Echavarren AM, Sanchez-Portal D, Joachim C, Saeys M. Diels-Alder attachment of a planar organic molecule to a dangling bond dimer on a hydrogenated semiconductor surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16757-65. [PMID: 27271337 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02346k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Construction of single-molecule electronic devices requires the controlled manipulation of organic molecules and their properties. This could be achieved by tuning the interaction between the molecule and individual atoms by local "on-surface" chemistry, i.e., the controlled formation of chemical bonds between the species. We demonstrate here the reversible attachment of a planar conjugated polyaromatic molecule to a pair of unpassivated dangling bonds on a hydrogenated Ge(001):H surface via a Diels-Alder [4+2] addition using the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Due to the small stability difference between the covalently bonded and a nearly undistorted structure attached to the dangling bond dimer by long-range dispersive forces, we show that at cryogenic temperatures the molecule can be switched between both configurations. The reversibility of this covalent bond forming reaction may be applied in the construction of complex circuits containing organic molecules with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Hiroyo Kawai
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Mads Engelund
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Lojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Gerard Novell-Leruth
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanchez-Portal
- Centro de Fisica de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 5, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain and Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo Manual de Lardizabal 4, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Christian Joachim
- Nanosciences Group & MANA Satellite, CEMES-CNRS, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse, France and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Mark Saeys
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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36
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Ogletree DF, Schuck PJ, Weber-Bargioni AF, Borys NJ, Aloni S, Bao W, Barja S, Lee J, Melli M, Munechika K, Whitelam S, Wickenburg S. Revealing Optical Properties of Reduced-Dimensionality Materials at Relevant Length Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:5693-5719. [PMID: 26332202 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201500930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Reduced-dimensionality materials for photonic and optoelectronic applications including energy conversion, solid-state lighting, sensing, and information technology are undergoing rapid development. The search for novel materials based on reduced-dimensionality is driven by new physics. Understanding and optimizing material properties requires characterization at the relevant length scale, which is often below the diffraction limit. Three important material systems are chosen for review here, all of which are under investigation at the Molecular Foundry, to illustrate the current state of the art in nanoscale optical characterization: 2D semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides; 1D semiconducting nanowires; and energy-transfer in assemblies of 0D semiconducting nanocrystals. For each system, the key optical properties, the principal experimental techniques, and important recent results are discussed. Applications and new developments in near-field optical microscopy and spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, and cathodoluminescence in the electron microscope are given detailed attention. Work done at the Molecular Foundry is placed in context within the fields under review. A discussion of emerging opportunities and directions for the future closes the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Frank Ogletree
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Alexander F Weber-Bargioni
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas J Borys
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Shaul Aloni
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Sara Barja
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Jiye Lee
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Mauro Melli
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Keiko Munechika
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Stephan Whitelam
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Sebastian Wickenburg
- Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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37
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Altman EI, Baykara MZ, Schwarz UD. Noncontact Atomic Force Microscopy: An Emerging Tool for Fundamental Catalysis Research. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2640-8. [PMID: 26301490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although atomic force microscopy (AFM) was rapidly adopted as a routine surface imaging apparatus after its introduction in 1986, it has not been widely used in catalysis research. The reason is that common AFM operating modes do not provide the atomic resolution required to follow catalytic processes; rather the more complex noncontact (NC) mode is needed. Thus, scanning tunneling microscopy has been the principal tool for atomic scale catalysis research. In this Account, recent developments in NC-AFM will be presented that offer significant advantages for gaining a complete atomic level view of catalysis. The main advantage of NC-AFM is that the image contrast is due to the very short-range chemical forces that are of interest in catalysis. This motivated our development of 3D-AFM, a method that yields quantitative atomic resolution images of the potential energy surfaces that govern how molecules approach, stick, diffuse, and rebound from surfaces. A variation of 3D-AFM allows the determination of forces required to push atoms and molecules on surfaces, from which diffusion barriers and variations in adsorption strength may be obtained. Pushing molecules towards each other provides access to intermolecular interaction between reaction partners. Following reaction, NC-AFM with CO-terminated tips yields textbook images of intramolecular structure that can be used to identify reaction intermediates and products. Because NC-AFM and STM contrast mechanisms are distinct, combining the two methods can produce unique insight. It is demonstrated for surface-oxidized Cu(100) that simultaneous 3D-AFM/STM yields resolution of both the Cu and O atoms. Moreover, atomic defects in the Cu sublattice lead to variations in the reactivity of the neighboring O atoms. It is shown that NC-AFM also allows a straightforward imaging of work function variations which has been used to identify defect charge states on catalytic surfaces and to map charge transfer within an individual molecule. These advances highlight the potential for NC-AFM-based methods to become the cornerstone upon which a quantitative atomic scale view of each step of a catalytic process may be gained. Realizing this potential will rely on two breakthroughs: (1) development of robust methods for tip functionalization and (2) simplification of NC-AFM instrumentation and control schemes. Quartz force sensors may offer paths forward in both cases. They allow any material with an atomic asperity to be used as a tip, opening the door to a wide range of surface functionalization chemistry. In addition, they do not suffer from the instabilities that motivated the initial adoption of complex control strategies that are still used today.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Z. Baykara
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and UNAM − Institute of Materials
Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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38
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Wang H, Li S, He H, Yu A, Toledo F, Han Z, Ho W, Wu R. Trapping and Characterization of a Single Hydrogen Molecule in a Continuously Tunable Nanocavity. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:3453-3457. [PMID: 26291093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM-IETS) and density functional theory calculations (DFT), we investigated properties of a single H2 molecule trapped in nanocavities with controlled shape and separation between the STM tip and the Au (110) surface. The STM tip not only serves for the purpose of characterization, but also is directly involved in modification of chemical environment of molecule. The bond length of H2 expands in the atop cavity, with a tendency of dissociation when the gap closes, whereas it remains unchanged in the trough cavity. The availability of two substantially different cavities in the same setup allows understanding of H2 adsorption on noble metal surfaces and sets a path for manipulating a single chemical bond by design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Haiyan He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
- Department of Physics, University Science and Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Arthur Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - Freddy Toledo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Zhumin Han
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
| | - W Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Ruqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California , Irvine, California 92697-4575, United States
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Li J, Li B, Wang Y, Zhao A, Wang B. Identifying site-dependent effects of an extra Co atom on electronic states of single Co-phthalocyanine molecule. J Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4926832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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40
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Wiengarten A, Lloyd JA, Seufert K, Reichert J, Auwärter W, Han R, Duncan DA, Allegretti F, Fischer S, Oh SC, Sağlam Ö, Jiang L, Vijayaraghavan S, Écija D, Papageorgiou AC, Barth JV. Surface-Assisted Cyclodehydrogenation; Break the Symmetry, Enhance the Selectivity. Chemistry 2015. [PMID: 26211450 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity in chemical reactions is a major objective in industrial processes to minimize spurious byproducts and to save scarce resources. In homogeneous catalysis the most important factor which determines selectivity is structural symmetry. However, a transfer of the symmetry concept to heterogeneous catalysis still requires a detailed comprehension of the underlying processes. Here, we investigate a ring-closing reaction in surface-confined meso-substituted porphyrin molecules by scanning tunneling microscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and computational modeling. The identification of reaction intermediates enables us to analyze the reaction pathway and to conclude that the symmetry of the porphyrin core is of pivotal importance regarding product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Wiengarten
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Julian A Lloyd
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 (Australia)
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Hainrichstrasse 28 V, 8010 Graz (Austria)
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Runyuan Han
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - David A Duncan
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Diamond Light Source, Didcot, OX11 0DE (UK)
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Sybille Fischer
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Seung Cheol Oh
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Özge Sağlam
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Faculty of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Cad.156, Balcova, Izmir (Turkey)
| | - Li Jiang
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
| | - Saranyan Vijayaraghavan
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: Corrosion and materials protection division CSIR - Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi-630 003, Tamilnadu (India)
| | - David Écija
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
- Current address: IMDEA NANOSCIENCE, 28049 Madrid (Spain)
| | - Anthoula C Papageorgiou
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany).
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physik Department E20, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching (Germany)
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41
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Li S, Yuan D, Yu A, Czap G, Wu R, Ho W. Rotational Spectromicroscopy: Imaging the Orbital Interaction between Molecular Hydrogen and an Adsorbed Molecule. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:206101. [PMID: 26047242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.206101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogen molecule can diffuse freely on the surface and be trapped above an adsorbed molecule within the junction of a scanning tunneling microscope. The trapped dihydrogen exhibits the properties of a free rotor. Here we show that the intermolecular interaction between dihydrogen and Mg-porphyrin (MgP) can be visualized by imaging j=0 to 2 rotational excitation of dihydrogen. The interaction leads to a weakened H-H bond and modest electron donation from the dihydrogen to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of MgP, a process similarly observed for the interaction between dihydrogen and an adsorbed Au atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Dingwang Yuan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, ChangSha 410082, China
| | - Arthur Yu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Gregory Czap
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - Ruqian Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
| | - W Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4575, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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42
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Zheng QN, Liu XH, Chen T, Yan HJ, Cook T, Wang D, Stang PJ, Wan LJ. Formation of Halogen Bond-Based 2D Supramolecular Assemblies by Electric Manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:6128-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Na Zheng
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuan-He Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Juan Yan
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Timothy Cook
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Peter J. Stang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- Key
Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology and Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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43
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Kong H, Wang L, Sun Q, Zhang C, Tan Q, Xu W. Controllable Scission and Seamless Stitching of Metal-Organic Clusters by STM Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6526-30. [PMID: 25878026 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) manipulation techniques have proven to be a powerful method for advanced nanofabrication of artificial molecular architectures on surfaces. With increasing complexity of the studied systems, STM manipulations are then extended to more complicated structural motifs. Previously, the dissociation and construction of various motifs have been achieved, but only in a single direction. In this report, the controllable scission and seamless stitching of metal-organic clusters have been successfully achieved through STM manipulations. The system presented here includes two sorts of hierarchical interactions where coordination bonds hold the metal-organic elementary motifs while hydrogen bonds among elementary motifs are directly involved in bond breakage and re-formation. The key to making this reversible switching successful is the hydrogen bonding, which is comparatively facile to be broken for controllable scission, and, on the other hand, the directional characteristic of hydrogen bonding makes precise stitching feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Kong
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (P. R. China)
| | - Likun Wang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (P. R. China)
| | - Qiang Sun
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (P. R. China)
| | - Chi Zhang
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (P. R. China)
| | - Qinggang Tan
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (P. R. China)
| | - Wei Xu
- Tongji-Aarhus Joint Research Center for Nanostructures and Functional Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Caoan Road 4800, Shanghai 201804 (P. R. China).
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44
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Kong H, Wang L, Sun Q, Zhang C, Tan Q, Xu W. Controllable Scission and Seamless Stitching of Metal-Organic Clusters by STM Manipulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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45
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Zheng QN, Liu XH, Liu XR, Chen T, Yan HJ, Zhong YW, Wang D, Wan LJ. Bilayer Molecular Assembly at a Solid/Liquid Interface as Triggered by a Mild Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201406523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Zheng QN, Liu XH, Liu XR, Chen T, Yan HJ, Zhong YW, Wang D, Wan LJ. Bilayer Molecular Assembly at a Solid/Liquid Interface as Triggered by a Mild Electric Field. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13395-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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47
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Yang Z, Corso M, Robles R, Lotze C, Fitzner R, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Franke KJ, Pascual JI. Orbital redistribution in molecular nanostructures mediated by metal-organic bonds. ACS NANO 2014; 8:10715-10722. [PMID: 25244124 DOI: 10.1021/nn504431e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Dicyanovinyl-quinquethiophene (DCV5T-Me2) is a prototype conjugated oligomer for highly efficient organic solar cells. This class of oligothiophenes are built up by an electron-rich donor (D) backbone and terminal electron-deficient acceptor (A) moieties. Here, we investigated its structural and electronic properties when it is adsorbed on a Au(111) surface using low temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We find that DCV5T-Me2 self-assembles in extended chains, stabilized by intercalated Au atoms. The effect of metal-ligand hybridization with Au adatoms causes an energetic downshift of the DCV5T-Me2 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) with respect to the uncoordinated molecules on the surface. The asymmetric coordination of a gold atom to only one molecular end group leads to an asymmetric localization of the LUMO and LUMO+1 states at opposite sides. Using model density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we explain such orbital reshaping as a consequence of linear combinations of the original LUMO and LUMO+1 orbitals, mixed by the attachment of a bridging Au adatom. Our study shows that the alignment of molecular orbitals and their distribution within individual molecules can be modified by contacting them to metal atoms in specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zechao Yang
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Zhang Z, Sheng S, Zheng H, Xu H, Sun M. Molecular resonant dissociation of surface-adsorbed molecules by plasmonic nanoscissors. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:4903-4908. [PMID: 24671142 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr06799h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to break individual bonds or specific modes in chemical reactions is an ardently sought goal by chemists and physicists. While photochemistry based methodologies are very successful in controlling e.g. photocatalysis, photosynthesis and the degradation of plastic, it is hard to break individual molecular bonds for those molecules adsorbed on the surface because of the weak light-absorption in molecules and the redistribution of the resulting vibrational energy both inside the molecule and to its surrounding environment. Here we show how to overcome these obstacles with a plasmonic hot-electron mediated process and demonstrate a new method that allows the sensitive control of resonant dissociation of surface-adsorbed molecules by 'plasmonic' scissors. To that end, we used a high-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (HV-TERS) setup to dissociate resonantly excited NC2H6 fragments from Malachite green. The surface plasmons (SPs) excited at the sharp metal tip not only enhance the local electric field to harvest the light incident from the laser, but crucially supply 'hot electrons' whose energy can be transferred to individual bonds. These processes are resonant Raman, which result in some active chemical bonds and then weaken these bonds, followed by dumping in lots of indiscriminant energy and breaking the weakest bond. The method allows for sensitive control of both the rate and probability of dissociation through their dependence on the density of hot electrons, which can be manipulated by tuning the laser intensity or tunneling current/bias voltage in the HV-TERS setup, respectively. The concepts of plasmonic scissors open up new versatile avenues for the deep understanding of in situ surface-catalyzed chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 603-146, Beijing, 100190, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Zhang H, Franke JH, Zhong D, Li Y, Timmer A, Arado OD, Mönig H, Wang H, Chi L, Wang Z, Müllen K, Fuchs H. Surface supported gold-organic hybrids: on-surface synthesis and surface directed orientation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1361-1368. [PMID: 24227765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The surface-assisted synthesis of gold-organic hybrids on Au (111) and Au (100) surfaces is repotred by thermally initiated dehalogenation of chloro-substituted perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimides (PBIs). Structures and surface-directed alignment of the Au-PBI chains are investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy in ultra high vacuum conditions. Using dichloro-PBI as a model system, the mechanism for the formation of Au-PBI dimer is revealed with scanning tunnelling microscopy studies and density functional theory calculations. A PBI radical generated from the homolytic C-Cl bond dissociation can covalently bind a surface gold atom and partially pull it out of the surface to form stable PBI-Au hybrid species, which also gives rise to the surface-directed alignment of the Au-PBI chains on reconstructed Au (100) surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Zhang
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemmstrasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany, Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149, Münster, Germany
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50
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Roy S, Mujica V, Ratner MA. Chemistry at molecular junctions: Rotation and dissociation of O2 on the Ag(110) surface induced by a scanning tunneling microscope. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:074702. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4818163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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