1
|
Aknine N, Klymchenko AS. Push-Pull Fluorescent Dyes with Trifluoroacetyl Acceptor for High-Fidelity Sensing of Polarity and Heterogeneity of Lipid Droplets. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39083638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Imaging and sensing of lipid droplets (LDs) attracted significant attention due to growing evidence for their important role in cell life. Solvatochromic dyes are promising tools to probe LDs' local polarity, but this analysis is biased by their non-negligible emission from intracellular membranes and capacity to emit from both the apolar core and polar interface of LDs. Here, we developed two push-pull solvatochromic dyes based on naphthalene and fluorene cores bearing an exceptionally strong electron acceptor, the trifluoroacetyl group. The latter was found to boost the optical properties of the dyes by shifting their absorption and emission to red and increasing their extinction coefficient, photostability, and sensitivity to solvent polarity (solvatochromism). In contrast to classical solvatochromic dyes, such as parent aldehydes and reference Nile Red, the new dyes exhibited strong fluorescence quenching by millimolar water concentrations in organic solvents. In live cells, the trifluoroacetyl dyes exhibited high specificity to LDs, whereas the parent aldehydes and Nile Red showed a detectable backgrounds from intracellular membranes. Experiments in model lipid membranes and nanoemulsion droplets confirmed the high selectivity of new probes to LDs in contrast to classical solvatochromic dyes. Moreover, the new probes were found to be selective to the LDs oil core, where they can sense lipid unsaturation and chain length. Their ratiometric imaging in cells revealed strong heterogeneity in polarity within LDs, which covered the range of polarities of unsaturated triglyceride oils, whereas Nile Red failed to properly estimate the local polarity of LDs. Finally, the probes revealed that LDs core polarity can be altered by fatty acid diets, which correlates with their chain length and unsaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Aknine
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chitta S, Nehete BP, Delise AB, Simmons JH, Nehete PN. Reactivity of HLADR antibody manifests expression of surface MHC II molecules on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in new world monkeys. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1318. [PMID: 38923761 PMCID: PMC11194976 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells present processed peptides to CD4+ T cells as one of the mechanisms to combat infection and inflammation. AIM To study MHC II expression in a variety of nonhuman primate species, including New World (NWM) squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis), owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae), common marmosets (Callithrix spp.), and Old World (OWM) rhesus (Macaca mulatta), baboons (Papio anubis). METHODS Two clones of cross-reactive mouse anti-human HLADR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) binding were analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate MHC II expression on NHP immune cells, including T lymphocytes in whole blood (WB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). RESULTS MHC class II antibody reactivity is seen with CD20+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD3+ T lymphocytes. Specific reactivity with both clones was demonstrated in T lymphocytes: this reactivity was not inhibited by purified CD16 antibody but was completely inhibited when pre-blocked with purified unconjugated MHC II antibody. Freshly prepared PBMC also showed reactivity with T lymphocytes without any stimulation. Interestingly, peripheral blood from rhesus macaques and olive baboons (OWM) showed no such T lymphocyte associated MHCII antibody reactivity. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Our results from antibody (MHC II) reactivity clearly show the potential existence of constitutively expressed (with no stimulation) MHC II molecules on T lymphocytes in new world monkeys. These results suggest that additional study is warranted to evaluate the functional and evolutionary significance of these finding and to better understand MHC II expression on T lymphocytes in new world monkeys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Chitta
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchUT‐MD Anderson Cancer CenterBastropTexasUSA
| | - Bharti P. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchUT‐MD Anderson Cancer CenterBastropTexasUSA
| | - Ashley B. Delise
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchUT‐MD Anderson Cancer CenterBastropTexasUSA
| | - Joe H. Simmons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchUT‐MD Anderson Cancer CenterBastropTexasUSA
| | - Pramod N. Nehete
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and ResearchUT‐MD Anderson Cancer CenterBastropTexasUSA
- Department of Comparative MedicineThe University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesHoustonTexasUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bertolini M, Mendive-Tapia L, Ghashghaei O, Reese A, Lochenie C, Schoepf AM, Sintes M, Tokarczyk K, Nare Z, Scott AD, Knight SR, Aithal AR, Sachdeva A, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Nonperturbative Fluorogenic Labeling of Immunophilins Enables the Wash-free Detection of Immunosuppressants. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:969-977. [PMID: 38799658 PMCID: PMC11117681 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressants are clinically approved drugs to treat the potential rejection of transplanted organs and require frequent monitoring due to their narrow therapeutic window. Immunophilins are small proteins that bind immunosuppressants with high affinity, yet there are no examples of fluorogenic immunophilins and their potential application as optical biosensors for immunosuppressive drugs in clinical biosamples. In the present work, we designed novel diazonium BODIPY salts for the site-specific labeling of tyrosine residues in peptides via solid-phase synthesis as well as for late-stage functionalization of whole recombinant proteins. After the optimization of a straightforward one-step labeling procedure for immunophilins PPIA and FKBP12, we demonstrated the application of a fluorogenic analogue of FKBP12 for the selective detection of the immunosuppressant drug tacrolimus, including experiments in urine samples from patients with functioning renal transplants. This chemical methodology opens new avenues to rationally design wash-free immunophilin-based biosensors for rapid therapeutic drug monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bertolini
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Abigail Reese
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Charles Lochenie
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Anna M. Schoepf
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Miquel Sintes
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Karolina Tokarczyk
- Concept
Life Sciences Ltd, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Zandile Nare
- Concept
Life Sciences Ltd, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Andrew D. Scott
- Concept
Life Sciences Ltd, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, U.K.
| | - Stephen R. Knight
- Renal
Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, U.K.
| | - Advait R. Aithal
- School of
Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Amit Sachdeva
- School of
Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K.
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory
of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences and
Institute of Biomedicine UB (IBUB), University
of Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain 08007
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng RR, Wang M, Zhang W, Gai F. Unnatural Amino Acids for Biological Spectroscopy and Microscopy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6501-6542. [PMID: 38722769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to advances in methods for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into proteins, a large number of UAAs with tailored chemical and/or physical properties have been developed and used in a wide array of biological applications. In particular, UAAs with specific spectroscopic characteristics can be used as external reporters to produce additional signals, hence increasing the information content obtainable in protein spectroscopic and/or imaging measurements. In this Review, we summarize the progress in the past two decades in the development of such UAAs and their applications in biological spectroscopy and microscopy, with a focus on UAAs that can be used as site-specific vibrational, fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes. Wherever applicable, we also discuss future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Ran Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Manxi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Feng Gai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou X, Lei Q, Xiao Z, Song C, Deng H. Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probe Enables Assessment of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Activity in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3525-3534. [PMID: 38345335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements have been identified as key oncogenic drivers of a subset of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The final chimeric protein of the fusion gene can be constitutively activated, which accounts for the growth and proliferation of ALK-rearranged tumors and thus strongly associates with cancer invasion and metastasis. Diagnostic tools enabling the visualization of ALK activity in a structure-function-based approach are highly desirable to determine ALK status and guide ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (ALK-TKI) treatment making. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and application of a new environment-sensitive fluorescent probe HX16 by introducing an environment-sensitive fluorophore 4-sulfonamidebenzoxadiazole to visualize ALK activity in living cancer cells and tumor tissue slices (mouse model and human biopsy sample). HX16 is a multifunctional chemical tool based on the pharmacophore of ALK-TKI (ceritinib) and can specifically target the kinase domain of ALK with a high sensitivity. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, HX16 enables visualization of ALK activity in various cancer cells with distinct ALK fusion genes, as well as xenograft mouse models. Importantly, HX16 was also applied to visualize ALK activity in a tumor biopsy from a NSCLC patient with ALK-echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like-4 fusion gene for prediction of ALK-TKI sensitivity. These results demonstrate that strategically designed ALK-TKI-based probe allows the assessment of ALK activity in tumor tissues and hold promise as a useful diagnostic tool in predicting ALK-TKI therapy response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinglong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhaolin Xiao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chao Song
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pivovarenko VG, Klymchenko AS. Fluorescent Probes Based on Charge and Proton Transfer for Probing Biomolecular Environment. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300321. [PMID: 38158338 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent probes for sensing fundamental properties of biomolecular environment, such as polarity and hydration, help to study assembly of lipids into biomembranes, sensing interactions of biomolecules and imaging physiological state of the cells. Here, we summarize major efforts in the development of probes based on two photophysical mechanisms: (i) an excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT), which is represented by fluorescent solvatochromic dyes that shift their emission band maximum as a function of environment polarity and hydration; (ii) excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), with particular focus on 5-membered cyclic systems, represented by 3-hydroxyflavones, because they exhibit dual emission sensitive to the environment. For both ICT and ESIPT dyes, the design of the probes and their biological applications are summarized. Thus, dyes bearing amphiphilic anchors target lipid membranes and report their lipid organization, while targeting ligands direct them to specific organelles for sensing their local environment. The labels, amino acid and nucleic acid analogues inserted into biomolecules enable monitoring their interactions with membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. While ICT probes are relatively simple and robust environment-sensitive probes, ESIPT probes feature high information content due their dual emission. They constitute a powerful toolbox for addressing multitude of biological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl G Pivovarenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01033, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A fluorogenic probe for predicting treatment response in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6944. [PMID: 36376325 PMCID: PMC9663578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic responses of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) - tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are known to be associated with EGFR mutations. However, a proportion of NSCLCs carrying EGFR mutations still progress on EGFR-TKI underlining the imperfect correlation. Structure-function-based approaches have recently been reported to perform better in retrospectively predicting patient outcomes following EGFR-TKI treatment than exon-based method. Here, we develop a multicolor fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) with an EGFR-TKI-based fluorogenic probe (HX103) to profile active-EGFR in tumors. HX103-based FACS shows an overall agreement with gene mutations of 82.6%, sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 83.3% for discriminating EGFR-activating mutations from wild-type in surgical specimens from NSCLC patients. We then translate HX103 to the clinical studies for prediction of EGFR-TKI sensitivity. When integrating computed tomography imaging with HX103-based FACS, we find a high correlation between EGFR-TKI therapy response and probe labeling. These studies demonstrate HX103-based FACS provides a high predictive performance for response to EGFR-TKI, suggesting the potential utility of an EGFR-TKI-based probe in precision medicine trials to stratify NSCLC patients for EGFR-TKI treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
The Journey of 1-Keto-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydrocarbazole Based Fluorophores: From Inception to Implementation. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:2023-2052. [PMID: 35829843 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbazole is a unique template associated with several biological activities. It is due to the diverse and versatile biological properties of carbazole derivatives that they are of immense interest to the research community. 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazoles are important synthetic intermediates to obtain carbazole derivatives. Several members of this family emit fluorescence on photoexcitation. In the context of biochemical and biophysical research, designing and characterising small molecule environment sensitive fluorophores is extremely significant. This article aims to be a state of the art review with synthetic and photophysical details of a variety of fluorophores based on 1-keto-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole skeleton.
Collapse
|
9
|
Murphy SA, Phelan C, Shanmugaraju S, Blasco S, Gunnlaugsson T. Fluorescent 3-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger’s bases (3-amino-TBNaps) incorporating protected α-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
10
|
Murphy SA, Phelan CA, Veale EB, Kotova O, Comby S, Gunnlaugsson T. Fluorescent 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide Tröger's bases (TBNaps) possessing (orthogonal) 'α-amino acids', esters and di-peptides and their solvent dependent photophysical properties. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6817-6833. [PMID: 34308464 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00973g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of fifteen luminescent bis-naphthalimide based Tröger's bases (TBNaps) derived from 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (4-Amino-Nap) precursors is described; these scaffolds possess α-amino acids, esters or di-peptides conjugated at the imide site and show minor fluorescence in aqueous solution while being highly emissive in organic solvents. The investigation shows that these TBNaps possessing ICT excited state properties are capable of generating either positive or negative solvatochromic effects in response to changes in polarity and/or the hydrogen bonding capabilities of the medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Murphy
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Caroline A Phelan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Emma B Veale
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Oxana Kotova
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Steve Comby
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen X, Zhong C, Lu Y, Yao M, Guan Z, Chen C, Zhu H, Luo Z, Zhang Y. Practical access to fluorescent 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives via didehydro-Diels-Alder reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5155-5158. [PMID: 33900353 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01437d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A practical and efficient approach for the synthesis of fluorescent 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives has been developed from readily available starting materials via an intramolecular didehydro-Diels-Alder reaction, which proceeded well under room temperature, exhibiting a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. The practicability of this methodology has been verified by one-step synthesis of the environmentally sensitive fluorophore 6-DMN on a gram scale with a shorter time, fewer steps and less waste disposal, and without the utilization of toxic transition metals. The present experimental and computational studies support the crucial role of the propiolimide moiety in the transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuling Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Meng Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zhenhua Guan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zengwei Luo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shaydyuk Y, Bashmakova NV, Dmytruk AM, Kachkovsky OD, Koniev S, Strizhak AV, Komarov IV, Belfield KD, Bondar MV, Babii O. Nature of Fast Relaxation Processes and Spectroscopy of a Membrane-Active Peptide Modified with Fluorescent Amino Acid Exhibiting Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Efficient Stimulated Emission. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10119-10128. [PMID: 34056166 PMCID: PMC8153670 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescently labeled peptide that exhibited fast excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) was synthesized, and the nature of its electronic properties was comprehensively investigated, including linear photophysical and photochemical characterization, specific relaxation processes in the excited state, and its stimulated emission ability. The steady-state absorption, fluorescence, and excitation anisotropy spectra, along with fluorescence lifetimes and emission quantum yields, were obtained in liquid media and analyzed based on density functional theory quantum-chemical calculations. The nature of ESIPT processes of the peptide's chromophore moiety was explored using a femtosecond transient absorption pump-probe technique, revealing relatively fast ESIPT velocity (∼10 ps) in protic MeOH at room temperature. Efficient superluminescence properties of the peptide were realized upon femtosecond excitation in the main long-wavelength absorption band with a corresponding threshold of the pump pulse energy of ∼1.5 μJ. Quantum-chemical analysis of the electronic structure of the peptide was performed using the density functional theory/time-dependent density functional theory level of theory, affording good agreement with experimental data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevgeniy
O. Shaydyuk
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia V. Bashmakova
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Andriy M. Dmytruk
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Olexiy D. Kachkovsky
- V.P.
Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the
National Academy of Sciences, Murmanskaya Street 1, Kyiv 02660, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Igor V. Komarov
- Taras
Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
| | - Kevin D. Belfield
- New
Jersey Institute of Technology, College of Science and Liberal Arts, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mykhailo V. Bondar
- Institute
of Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prospect Nauki 46, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Oleg Babii
- Institute
of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), POB3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shepard ER, Wegner A, Hill EV, Burton BR, Aerts S, Schurgers E, Hoedemaekers B, Ng STH, Streeter HB, Jansson L, Wraith DC. The Mechanism of Action of Antigen Processing Independent T Cell Epitopes Designed for Immunotherapy of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:654201. [PMID: 33936079 PMCID: PMC8079784 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.654201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with antigen-processing independent T cell epitopes (apitopes) targeting autoreactive CD4+ T cells has translated to the clinic and been shown to modulate progression of both Graves’ disease and multiple sclerosis. The model apitope (Ac1-9[4Y]) renders antigen-specific T cells anergic while repeated administration induces both Tr1 and Foxp3+ regulatory cells. Here we address why CD4+ T cell epitopes should be designed as apitopes to induce tolerance and define the antigen presenting cells that they target in vivo. Furthermore, we reveal the impact of treatment with apitopes on CD4+ T cell signaling, the generation of IL-10-secreting regulatory cells and the systemic migration of these cells. Taken together these findings reveal how apitopes induce tolerance and thereby mediate antigen-specific immunotherapy of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella R Shepard
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Wegner
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine V Hill
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Bronwen R Burton
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aerts
- Apitope International NV, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sky T H Ng
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heather B Streeter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - David C Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wu Y, Tam WS, Chau HF, Kaur S, Thor W, Aik WS, Chan WL, Zweckstetter M, Wong KL. Solid-phase fluorescent BODIPY-peptide synthesis via in situ dipyrrin construction. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11266-11273. [PMID: 34094367 PMCID: PMC8162834 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04849f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional fluorescent peptide chemical syntheses hinge on the use of limited fluorescent/dye-taggable unnatural amino acids and entail multiple costly purifications. Here we describe a facile and efficient protocol for in situ construction of dipyrrins on the N-terminus with 20 natural and five unnatural amino acids and the lysine's side chain of selected peptides/peptide drugs through Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis. The new strategy enables the direct formation of boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-peptide conjugates from simple aldehyde and pyrrole derivatives without pre-functionalization, and only requires a single-time chromatographic purification at the final stage. As a model study, synthesized EBNA1-targeting BODIPY1-Pep4 demonstrates intact selectivity in vitro, responsive fluorescence enhancement, and higher light cytotoxicity due to the photo-generation of cytotoxic singlet oxygen. This work offers a novel practical synthetic platform for fluorescent peptides for multifaceted biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wing-Sze Tam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ho-Fai Chau
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Waygen Thor
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wei Shen Aik
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Von-Siebold-Str. 3a 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Department for NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry Am Fassberg 11 37077 Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Von-Siebold-Str. 3a 37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fluorescent amino acids as versatile building blocks for chemical biology. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 4:275-290. [PMID: 37127957 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-0186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fluorophores have transformed the way we study biological systems, enabling non-invasive studies in cells and intact organisms, which increase our understanding of complex processes at the molecular level. Fluorescent amino acids have become an essential chemical tool because they can be used to construct fluorescent macromolecules, such as peptides and proteins, without disrupting their native biomolecular properties. Fluorescent and fluorogenic amino acids with unique photophysical properties have been designed for tracking protein-protein interactions in situ or imaging nanoscopic events in real time with high spatial resolution. In this Review, we discuss advances in the design and synthesis of fluorescent amino acids and how they have contributed to the field of chemical biology in the past 10 years. Important areas of research that we review include novel methodologies to synthesize building blocks with tunable spectral properties, their integration into peptide and protein scaffolds using site-specific genetic encoding and bioorthogonal approaches, and their application to design novel artificial proteins, as well as to investigate biological processes in cells by means of optical imaging.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wörner S, Rönicke F, Ulrich AS, Wagenknecht H. 4-Aminophthalimide Amino Acids as Small and Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for Transmembrane Peptides. Chembiochem 2020; 21:618-622. [PMID: 31432615 PMCID: PMC7079057 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence probing of transmembrane (TM) peptides is needed to complement state-of-the art methods-mainly oriented circular dichroism and solid-state NMR spectroscopy-and to allow imaging in living cells. Three new amino acids incorporating the solvatofluorescent 4-aminophthalimide in their side chains were synthesized in order to examine the local polarity in the α-helical TM fragment of the human epidermal growth factor receptor. It was possible to distinguish their locations, either in the hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer or at the membrane surface, by fluorescence readout, including blue shift and increased quantum yield. An important feature is the small size of the 4-aminophthalimide chromophore. It makes one of the new amino acids approximately isosteric to tryptophan, typically used as a very small fluorescent amino acid in peptides and proteins. In contrast to the only weakly fluorescent indole system in tryptophan, the 4-aminophthalimide moiety produces a significantly more informative fluorescence readout and is selectively excited outside the biopolymer absorption range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Wörner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic ChemistryFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Franziska Rönicke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic ChemistryFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)IBG-2 and Institute of Organic ChemistryFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Hans‐Achim Wagenknecht
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic ChemistryFritz-Haber-Weg 676131KarlsruheGermany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Seebald L, Madec AGE, Imperiali B. Deploying Fluorescent Nucleoside Analogues for High-Throughput Inhibitor Screening. Chembiochem 2020; 21:108-112. [PMID: 31709708 PMCID: PMC6980326 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput small-molecule screening in drug discovery processes commonly rely on fluorescence-based methods including fluorescent polarization and fluorescence/Förster resonance energy transfer. These techniques use highly accessible instrumentation; however, they can suffer from high false-negative rates and background signals, or might involve complex schemes for the introduction of fluorophore pairs. Herein we present the synthesis and application of fluorescent nucleoside analogues as the foundation for directed approaches for competitive binding analyses. The general approach describes selective fluorescent environment-sensitive (ES) nucleoside analogues that are adaptable to diverse enzymes that act on nucleoside-based substrates. We demonstrate screening a set of uridine analogues and development of an assay for fragment-based lead discovery with the TcdB glycosyltransferase (GT), an enzyme associated with virulence in Clostridium difficile. The uridine-based probe used for this high-throughput screen has a KD value of 7.2 μm with the TcdB GT and shows a >30-fold increase in fluorescence intensity upon binding. The ES-based probe assay is benchmarked against two other screening approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Seebald
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amaël G E Madec
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rapid Discovery of Illuminating Peptides for Instant Detection of Opioids in Blood and Body Fluids. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24091813. [PMID: 31083395 PMCID: PMC6539258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The United States is currently experiencing an opioid crisis, with more than 47,000 deaths in 2017 due to opioid overdoses. Current approaches for opioid identification and quantification in body fluids include immunoassays and chromatographic methods (e.g., LC-MS, GC-MS), which require expensive instrumentation and extensive sample preparation. Our aim was to develop a portable point-of-care device that can be used for the instant detection of opioids in body fluids. Here, we reported the development of a morphine-sensitive fluorescence-based sensor chip to sensitively detect morphine in the blood using a homogeneous immunoassay without any washing steps. Morphine-sensitive illuminating peptides were identified using a high throughput one-bead one-compound (OBOC) combinatorial peptide library approach. The OBOC libraries contain a large number of random peptides with a molecular rotor dye, malachite green (MG), that are coupled to the amino group on the side chain of lysine at different positions of the peptides. The OBOC libraries were then screened for fluorescent activation under a confocal microscope, using an anti-morphine monoclonal antibody as the screening probe, in the presence and absence of free morphine. Using this novel three-step fluorescent screening assay, we were able to identify the peptide-beads that fluoresce in the presence of an anti-morphine antibody, but lost fluorescence when the free morphine was present. After the positive beads were decoded using automatic Edman microsequencing, the morphine-sensitive illuminating peptides were then synthesized in soluble form, functionalized with an azido group, and immobilized onto microfabricated PEG-array spots on a glass slide. The sensor chip was then evaluated for the detection of morphine in plasma. We demonstrated that this proof-of-concept platform can be used to develop fluorescence-based sensors against morphine. More importantly, this technology can also be applied to the discovery of other novel illuminating peptidic sensors for the detection of illicit drugs and cancer biomarkers in body fluids.
Collapse
|
20
|
Mogaki R, Okuro K, Ueki R, Sando S, Aida T. Molecular Glue that Spatiotemporally Turns on Protein–Protein Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:8035-8040. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mogaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kou Okuro
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ueki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sando
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Riken Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
K.C. TB, Suga K, Isoshima T, Aigaki T, Ito Y, Shiba K, Uzawa T. Wash-free and selective imaging of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expressing cells with fluorogenic peptide ligands. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:283-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
22
|
Navo CD, Asín A, Gómez-Orte E, Gutiérrez-Jiménez MI, Compañón I, Ezcurra B, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Zurbano MM, Jiménez-Osés G, Cabello J, Peregrina JM. Cell-Penetrating Peptides Containing Fluorescent d
-Cysteines. Chemistry 2018; 24:7991-8000. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D. Navo
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Alicia Asín
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Eva Gómez-Orte
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); C/ Piqueras, 98 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Marta I. Gutiérrez-Jiménez
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Begoña Ezcurra
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); C/ Piqueras, 98 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - María M. Zurbano
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Juan Cabello
- Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR); C/ Piqueras, 98 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Dpto. de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química; Universidad de La Rioja; C/ Madre de Dios, 53 26006 Logroño La Rioja Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mendive-Tapia L, Subiros-Funosas R, Zhao C, Albericio F, Read ND, Lavilla R, Vendrell M. Preparation of a Trp-BODIPY fluorogenic amino acid to label peptides for enhanced live-cell fluorescence imaging. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1588-1619. [PMID: 28703788 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent peptides are valuable tools for live-cell imaging because of the high specificity of peptide sequences for their biomolecular targets. When preparing fluorescent versions of peptides, labels must be introduced at appropriate positions in the sequences to provide suitable reporters while avoiding any impairment of the molecular recognition properties of the peptides. This protocol describes the preparation of the tryptophan (Trp)-based fluorogenic amino acid Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH and its incorporation into peptides for live-cell fluorescence imaging-an approach that is applicable to most peptide sequences. Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH contains a BODIPY (4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene) fluorogenic core, which works as an environmentally sensitive fluorophore, showing high fluorescence in lipophilic conditions. It is attached to Trp via a spacer-free C-C linkage, resulting in a labeled amino acid that can mimic the molecular interactions of Trp, enabling wash-free imaging. This protocol covers the chemical synthesis of the fluorogenic amino acid Fmoc-Trp(C2-BODIPY)-OH (3-4 d), the preparation of the labeled antimicrobial peptide BODIPY-cPAF26 by solid-phase synthesis (6-7 d) and its spectral and biological characterization as a live-cell imaging probe for different fungal pathogens. As an example, we include a procedure for using BODIPY-cPAF26 for wash-free imaging of fungal pathogens, including real-time visualization of Aspergillus fumigatus (5 d for culturing, 1-2 d for imaging).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Subiros-Funosas
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Can Zhao
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nick D Read
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Medical Research Council/University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Klymchenko AS. Solvatochromic and Fluorogenic Dyes as Environment-Sensitive Probes: Design and Biological Applications. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:366-375. [PMID: 28067047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent environment-sensitive probes are specially designed dyes that change their fluorescence intensity (fluorogenic dyes) or color (e.g., solvatochromic dyes) in response to change in their microenvironment polarity, viscosity, and molecular order. The studies of the past decade, including those of our group, have shown that these molecules become universal tools in fluorescence sensing and imaging. In fact, any biomolecular interaction or change in biomolecular organization results in modification of the local microenvironment, which can be directly monitored by these types of probes. In this Account, the main examples of environment-sensitive probes are summarized according to their design concepts. Solvatochromic dyes constitute a large class of environment-sensitive probes which change their color in response to polarity. Generally, they are push-pull dyes undergoing intramolecular charge transfer. Emission of their highly polarized excited state shifts to the red in more polar solvents. Excited-state intramolecular proton transfer is the second key concept to design efficient solvatochromic dyes, which respond to the microenvironment by changing relative intensity of the two emissive tautomeric forms. Due to their sensitivity to polarity and hydration, solvatochromic dyes have been successfully applied to biological membranes for studying lipid domains (rafts), apoptosis and endocytosis. As fluorescent labels, solvatochromic dyes can detect practically any type of biomolecular interactions, involving proteins, nucleic acids and biomembranes, because the binding event excludes local water molecules from the interaction site. On the other hand, fluorogenic probes usually exploit intramolecular rotation (conformation change) as a design concept, with molecular rotors being main representatives. These probes were particularly efficient for imaging viscosity and lipid order in biomembranes as well as to light up biomolecular targets, such as antibodies, aptamers and receptors. The emerging concepts to achieve fluorogenic response to the microenvironment include ground-state isomerization, aggregation-caused quenching, and aggregation-induced emission. The ground-state isomerization exploits, for instance, polarity-dependent spiro-lactone formation in silica-rhodamines. The aggregation-caused quenching uses disruption of the self-quenched dimers and nanoassemblies of dyes in less polar environments of lipid membranes and biomolecules. The aggregation-induced emission couples target recognition with formation of highly fluorescent dye aggregates. Overall, solvatochromic and fluorogenic probes enable background-free bioimaging in wash-free conditions as well as quantitative analysis when combined with advanced microscopy, such as fluorescence lifetime (FLIM) and ratiometric imaging. Further development of fluorescent environment-sensitive probes should address some remaining problems: (i) improving their optical properties, especially brightness, photostability, and far-red to near-infrared operating range; (ii) minimizing nonspecific interactions of the probes in biological systems; (iii) their adaptation for advanced microscopies, notably for superresolution and in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie,
UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu H, Fan J, Mu H, Zhu T, Zhang Z, Du J, Peng X. d-PET-controlled "off-on" Polarity-sensitive Probes for Reporting Local Hydrophilicity within Lysosomes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35627. [PMID: 27767190 PMCID: PMC5073283 DOI: 10.1038/srep35627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes are powerful chemical tools for studying biomolecular structures and activities both in vitro and in vivo. However, the lack of "off-on" polarity-sensing probes has limited the accurate monitoring of biological processes that involve an increase in local hydrophilicity. Here, we design and synthesize a series of "off-on" polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes BP series consisting of the difluoroboron dippyomethene (BODIPY) fluorophore connected to a quaternary ammonium moiety via different carbon linkers. All these probes showed low fluorescence quantum yields in nonpolar solution but became highly fluorescent in polar media. BP-2, which contains a two-carbon linker and a trimethyl quaternary ammonium, displayed a fluorescence intensity and quantum yield that were both linearly correlated with solvent polarity. In addition, BP-2 exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for polarity over other environmental factors and a variety of biologically relevant species. BP-2 can be synthesized readily via an unusual Mannich reaction followed by methylation. Using electrochemistry combined with theoretical calculations, we demonstrated that the "off-on" sensing behavior of BP-2 is primarily due to the polarity-dependent donor-excited photoinduced electron transfer (d-PET) effect. Live-cell imaging established that BP-2 enables the detection of local hydrophilicity within lysosomes under conditions of lysosomal dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Huiying Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
de Picciotto S, Dickson PM, Traxlmayr MW, Marques BS, Socher E, Zhao S, Cheung S, Kiefer JD, Wand AJ, Griffith LG, Imperiali B, Wittrup KD. Design Principles for SuCESsFul Biosensors: Specific Fluorophore/Analyte Binding and Minimization of Fluorophore/Scaffold Interactions. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:4228-4241. [PMID: 27448945 PMCID: PMC5048519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying protein location and concentration is critical for understanding function in situ. Scaffold conjugated to environment-sensitive fluorophore (SuCESsFul) biosensors, in which a reporting fluorophore is conjugated to a binding scaffold, can, in principle, detect analytes of interest with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, their adoption has been limited due to the extensive empirical screening required for their development. We sought to establish design principles for this class of biosensor by characterizing over 400 biosensors based on various protein analytes, binding proteins, and fluorophores. We found that the brightest readouts are attained when a specific binding pocket for the fluorophore is present on the analyte. Also, interaction of the fluorophore with the binding protein it is conjugated to can raise background fluorescence, considerably limiting sensor dynamic range. Exploiting these two concepts, we designed biosensors that attain a 100-fold increase in fluorescence upon binding to analyte, an order of magnitude improvement over the previously best-reported SuCESsFul biosensor. These design principles should facilitate the development of improved SuCESsFul biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seymour de Picciotto
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paige M Dickson
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael W Traxlmayr
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bryan S Marques
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elke Socher
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Sixing Zhao
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Jonathan D Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - A Joshua Wand
- Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Linda G Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Johnson Research Foundation and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - K Dane Wittrup
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Synthesis and optical properties of π-conjugated push–pull dyes incorporating a functionalized benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b′]difuran spacer. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
28
|
Karpenko IA, Niko Y, Yakubovskyi VP, Gerasov AO, Bonnet D, Kovtun YP, Klymchenko AS. Push-pull dioxaborine as fluorescent molecular rotor: far-red fluorogenic probe for ligand-receptor interactions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2016; 4:3002-3009. [PMID: 28491320 PMCID: PMC5421572 DOI: 10.1039/c5tc03411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent solvatochromic dyes and molecular rotors increase their popularity as fluorogenic probes for background-free detection of biomolecules in cellulo in no-wash conditions. Here, we introduce a push-pull boron-containing (dioxaborine) dye that presents unique spectroscopic behavior combining solvatochromism and molecular rotor properties. Indeed, in organic solvents, it shows strong red shifts in the absorption and fluorescence spectra upon increase in solvent polarity, typical for push-pull dyes. On the other hand, in polar solvents, where it probably undergoes Twisted Intramolecular Charge Transfer (TICT), the dye displays strong dependence of its quantum yield on solvent viscosity, in accordance to Förster-Hoffmann equation. In comparison to solvatochromic and molecular rotor dyes, dioxaborine derivative shows exceptional extinction coefficient (120,000 M-1 cm-1), high fluorescence quantum yields and red/far-red operating spectral range. It also displays much higher photostability in apolar media as compared to Nile Red, a fluorogenic dye of similar color. Its reactive carboxy derivative has been successfully grafted to carbetocin, a ligand of the oxytocin G protein-coupled receptor. This conjugate exhibits >1000-fold turn on between apolar 1,4-dioxane and water. It targets specifically the oxytocin receptor at the cell surface, which enables receptor imaging with excellent signal-to-background ratio (>130). We believe that presented push-pull dioxaborine dye opens a new page in the development of fluorogenic probes for bioimaging applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia A. Karpenko
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Yosuke Niko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Viktor P. Yakubovskyi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andriy O. Gerasov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, UMR 7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Yuriy P. Kovtun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Murmanska Street, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mallick S, Pal K, Koner AL. Probing microenvironment of micelle and albumin using diethyl 6-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylate: An electroneutral solvatochromic fluorescent probe. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 467:81-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
30
|
Far-red/near-infrared fluorescence light-up probes for specific in vitro and in vivo imaging of a tumour-related protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23190. [PMID: 26984064 PMCID: PMC4794726 DOI: 10.1038/srep23190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As lysosomal protein transmembrane 4 beta (LAPTM4B) is an important biomarker for many solid tumours, development of small-molecule fluorescence light-up probes for detection and imaging of LAPTM4B proteins is particularly valuable. In this work, we reported the design and synthesis of a far-red/near-infrared (FR/NIR) fluorescence light-up probe DBT-2EEGIHGHHIISVG, which could specifically visualize LAPTM4B proteins in cancer cells and tumour-bearing live mice. DBT-2EEGIHGHHIISVG was synthesized by the conjugation of two LAPTM4B-binding peptide ligands (EEGIHGHHIISVG) with one environment-sensitive fluorogen, 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT). Owing to the intramolecular charge transfer character of DBT, DBT-2EEGIHGHHIISVG is weakly emissive in aqueous solution, but switches to fluoresce upon LAPTM4B proteins specifically bind to the peptide ligand of the probe, which provide the DBT with hydrophobic microenvironment, greatly reducing its charge transfer effect with water. It is found that DBT-2EEGIHGHHIISVG can achieve targeted imaging of LAPTM4B proteins in HepG2 cancer cells and visualize LAPTM4B protein-expressed tumour tissues of live mice in a selective and high-contrast manner.
Collapse
|
31
|
Spacer-free BODIPY fluorogens in antimicrobial peptides for direct imaging of fungal infection in human tissue. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10940. [PMID: 26956772 PMCID: PMC4786873 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent antimicrobial peptides are promising structures for in situ, real-time imaging of fungal infection. Here we report a fluorogenic probe to image Aspergillus fumigatus directly in human pulmonary tissue. We have developed a fluorogenic Trp-BODIPY amino acid with a spacer-free C-C linkage between Trp and a BODIPY fluorogen, which shows remarkable fluorescence enhancement in hydrophobic microenvironments. The incorporation of our fluorogenic amino acid in short antimicrobial peptides does not impair their selectivity for fungal cells, and enables rapid and direct fungal imaging without any washing steps. We have optimized the stability of our probes in human samples to perform multi-photon imaging of A. fumigatus in ex vivo human tissue. The incorporation of our unique BODIPY fluorogen in biologically relevant peptides will accelerate the development of novel imaging probes with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ni Z, Gong Y, Dai X, Ding W, Wang B, Gong H, Qin L, Cheng P, Li S, Lian J, He F. AU4S: a novel synthetic peptide to measure the activity of ATG4 in living cells. Autophagy 2016; 11:403-15. [PMID: 25831015 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1009773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ATG4 plays a key role in autophagy induction, but the methods for monitoring ATG4 activity in living cells are limited. Here we designed a novel fluorescent peptide named AU4S for noninvasive detection of ATG4 activity in living cells, which consists of the cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), ATG4-recognized sequence "GTFG," and the fluorophore FITC. Additionally, an ATG4-resistant peptide AG4R was used as a control. CPP can help AU4S or AG4R to penetrate cell membrane efficiently. AU4S but not AG4R can be recognized and cleaved by ATG4, leading to the change of fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the difference between AU4S- and AG4R-measured fluorescence values in the same sample, defined as "F-D value," can reflect ATG4 activity. By detecting the F-D values, we found that ATG4 activity paralleled LC3B-II levels in rapamycin-treated cells, but neither paralleled LC3B-II levels in starved cells nor presented a correlation with LC3B-II accumulation in WBCs from healthy donors or leukemia patients. However, when DTT was added to the system, ATG4 activity not only paralleled LC3B-II levels in starved cells in the presence or absence of autophagy inhibitors, but also presented a positive correlation with LC3B-II accumulation in WBCs from leukemia patients (R(2) = 0.5288). In conclusion, this study provides a convenient, rapid, and quantitative method to monitor ATG4 activity in living cells, which may be beneficial to basic and clinical research on autophagy.
Collapse
Key Words
- 3-MA, 3-methyladenine
- AG4R, ATG4-resistant peptide
- ATG4
- ATG4, autophagy-related 4, cysteine peptidase
- AU4S
- AU4S, autophagy-related 4 substrate
- Ac, acetyl
- CFP, cyan fluorescent protein
- CPP, cell-penetrating peptide
- CQ, chloroquine
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- EBSS, Earle's balanced salt solution
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- LC3
- MAP1LC3/LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3
- NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine
- NRK, normal rat kidney cell line
- PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PE, phosphatidylethanolamine
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PMSF, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride
- PtdIns3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- ROS
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate
- WBCs, white blood cells
- YFP, yellow fluorescent protein
- autophagy
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Ni
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; College of Basic Medical Sciences ; Third Military Medical University ; Chongqing , China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fujii M, Namba M, Yamaji M, Okamoto H. Solvent-induced multicolour fluorescence of amino-substituted 2,3-naphthalimides studied by fluorescence and transient absorption measurements. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:842-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Amino-substituted 2,3-naphthalimide derivatives showed marked positive solvatofluorochromism, and the fluorescence emission was effectively quenched in methanol via the internal conversion process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Fujii
- Division of Earth
- Life
- and Molecular Sciences
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
| | - Misa Namba
- Division of Earth
- Life
- and Molecular Sciences
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
| | - Minoru Yamaji
- Division of Molecular Science
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Gunma University
- Kiryu
- Japan
| | - Hideki Okamoto
- Division of Earth
- Life
- and Molecular Sciences
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology
- Okayama University
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Cheruku P, Huang JH, Yen HJ, Iyer RS, Rector KD, Martinez JS, Wang HL. Tyrosine-derived stimuli responsive, fluorescent amino acids. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1150-1158. [PMID: 29560202 PMCID: PMC5811119 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of fluorescent unnatural amino acids (UAAs) bearing stilbene and meta-phenylenevinylene (m-PPV) backbone have been synthesized and their optical properties were studied. These novel UAAs were derived from protected diiodo-l-tyrosine using palladium-catalyzed Heck couplings with a series of styrene analogs. Unlike the other fluorescent UAAs, whose emissions are restricted to a narrow range of wavelengths, these new amino acids display the emission peaks at broad range wavelengths (from 400-800 nm); including NIR with QY of 4% in HEPES buffer. The incorporation of both pyridine and phenol functional groups leads to distinct red, green, and blue (RGB) emission, in its basic, acidic and neutral states, respectively. More importantly, these amino acids showed reversible pH and redox response showing their promise as stimuli responsive fluorescent probes. To further demonstrate the utility of these UAAs in peptide synthesis, one of the amino acids was incorporated into a cell penetrating peptide (CPP) sequence through standard solid phase peptide synthesis. Resultant CPP was treated with two different cell lines and the internalization was monitored by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Cheruku
- C-PCS, Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA .
| | - Jen-Huang Huang
- Defense System and Analysis Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA
| | - Hung-Ju Yen
- C-PCS, Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA .
| | - Rashi S Iyer
- Defense System and Analysis Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA
| | - Kirk D Rector
- C-PCS, Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA .
| | - Jennifer S Martinez
- Center of Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA
| | - Hsing-Lin Wang
- C-PCS, Chemistry Division , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , USA .
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sholokh M, Zamotaiev OM, Das R, Postupalenko VY, Richert L, Dujardin D, Zaporozhets OA, Pivovarenko VG, Klymchenko AS, Mély Y. Fluorescent Amino Acid Undergoing Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer for Site-Specific Probing and Imaging of Peptide Interactions. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:2585-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508748e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sholokh
- Laboratoire de
Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Ranjan Das
- Department
of Chemistry, West Bengal State University, Barasat, Kolkata 700126, West Bengal, India
| | - Viktoriia Y. Postupalenko
- Laboratoire de
Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratoire de
Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Denis Dujardin
- Laboratoire de
Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Olga A. Zaporozhets
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl G. Pivovarenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, 01033 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de
Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de
Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de
Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang H, Liu J, Han A, Xiao N, Xue Z, Wang G, Long J, Kong D, Liu B, Yang Z, Ding D. Self-assembly-induced far-red/near-infrared fluorescence light-up for detecting and visualizing specific protein-Peptide interactions. ACS NANO 2014; 8:1475-1484. [PMID: 24417359 DOI: 10.1021/nn4054914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding specific protein-peptide interactions could offer a deep insight into the development of therapeutics for many human diseases. In this work, we designed and synthesized a far-red/near-infrared (FR/NIR) fluorescence light-up probe (DBT-2EEGWRESAI) by simply integrating two tax-interacting protein-1 (TIP-1)-specific peptide ligands (EEGWRESAI) with one 4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DBT) unit. We first demonstrated that DBT is an environment-sensitive fluorophore with FR/NIR fluorescence due to its strong charge transfer character in the excited state. Thanks to the environmental sensitivity of DBT, the probe DBT-2EEGWRESAI is very weakly fluorescent in aqueous solution but lights up its fluorescence when the probe specifically binds to TIP-1 protein or polyprotein (ULD-TIP-1 tetramer). It is found that the DBT-2EEGWRESAI/TIP-1 protein and the DBT-2EEGWRESAI/ULD-TIP-1 tetramer could self-assemble into spherical nanocomplexes and a nanofiber network, respectively, which lead to probe fluorescence turn-on through providing DBT with a hydrophobic microenvironment. By virtue of the self-assembly-induced FR/NIR fluorescence turn-on, DBT-2EEGWRESAI can detect and visualize specific protein/polyprotein-peptide interactions in both solution and live bacteria in a high contrast and selective manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Goh WL, Lee MY, Joseph TL, Quah ST, Brown CJ, Verma C, Brenner S, Ghadessy FJ, Teo YN. Molecular Rotors As Conditionally Fluorescent Labels for Rapid Detection of Biomolecular Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:6159-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja413031h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter L. Goh
- p53
Laboratory, A*STAR , 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Min Yen Lee
- Molecular
Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, #03-12 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Thomas L. Joseph
- Bioinformatics
Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
| | - Soo Tng Quah
- p53
Laboratory, A*STAR , 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | | | - Chandra Verma
- Bioinformatics
Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, #07-01 Matrix, Singapore 138671
- Department
of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science
Drive 4, Singapore 117543
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang
Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Sydney Brenner
- Molecular
Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, #03-12 Proteos, Singapore 138673
| | - Farid J. Ghadessy
- p53
Laboratory, A*STAR , 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore 138648
| | - Yin Nah Teo
- Molecular
Engineering Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, #03-12 Proteos, Singapore 138673
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, SPMS, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Karpenko IA, Kreder R, Valencia C, Villa P, Mendre C, Mouillac B, Mély Y, Hibert M, Bonnet D, Klymchenko AS. Red Fluorescent Turn-On Ligands for Imaging and Quantifying G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Living Cells. Chembiochem 2014; 15:359-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
39
|
Kindahl T, Chorell E. Efficient one-step synthesis of 4-amino substituted phthalimides and evaluation of their potential as fluorescent probes. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:4461-70. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Kindahl
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang Z, Cao J, He Y, Yang JH, Kim T, Peng X, Kim JS. Macro-/micro-environment-sensitive chemosensing and biological imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:4563-601. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00051j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have summarized the research progress on fluorescent sensors responsive to environmental factors, including local viscosity, polarity, temperature, hypoxia and pH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701, Korea
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Jianfang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yanxia He
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701, Korea
- Key Laboratory of Sensor Analysis of Tumor Marker Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
| | - Jung Ho Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701, Korea
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zamotaiev OM, Postupalenko VY, Shvadchak VV, Pivovarenko VG, Klymchenko AS, Mély Y. Monitoring penetratin interactions with lipid membranes and cell internalization using a new hydration-sensitive fluorescent probe. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:7036-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob01242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A new hydration-sensitive fluorescent label attached to the N-terminus of a cell-penetrating peptide allows visualization of the nanoscopic environment of its internalization pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr M. Zamotaiev
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 du CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Viktoriia Y. Postupalenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 du CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Volodymyr V. Shvadchak
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 du CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Vasyl G. Pivovarenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 du CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 du CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie
- UMR 7213 du CNRS
- Université de Strasbourg
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- 67401 Illkirch, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Clement CC, Santambrogio L. The lymph self-antigen repertoire. Front Immunol 2013; 4:424. [PMID: 24379811 PMCID: PMC3864156 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic fluid originates from the interstitial fluid which bathes every parenchymal organ and reflects the “omic” composition of the tissue from which it originates in its physiological or pathological signature. Several recent proteomic analyses have mapped the proteome-degradome and peptidome of this immunologically relevant fluid pointing to the lymph as an important source of tissue-derived self-antigens. A vast array of lymph-circulating peptides have been mapped deriving from a variety of processing pathways including caspases, cathepsins, MMPs, ADAMs, kallikreins, calpains, and granzymes, among others. These self peptides can be directly loaded on circulatory dendritic cells and expand the self-antigenic repertoire available for central and peripheral tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina C Clement
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Miller MA, Ganesan APV, Eisenlohr LC. Toward a Network Model of MHC Class II-Restricted Antigen Processing. Front Immunol 2013; 4:464. [PMID: 24379819 PMCID: PMC3864185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard model of Major Histocompatibility Complex class II (MHCII)-restricted antigen processing depicts a straightforward, linear pathway: internalized antigens are converted into peptides that load in a chaperone dependent manner onto nascent MHCII in the late endosome, the complexes subsequently trafficking to the cell surface for recognition by CD4(+) T cells (TCD4+). Several variations on this theme, both moderate and radical, have come to light but these alternatives have remained peripheral, the conventional pathway generally presumed to be the primary driver of TCD4+ responses. Here we continue to press for the conceptual repositioning of these alternatives toward the center while proposing that MHCII processing be thought of less in terms of discrete pathways and more in terms of a network whose major and minor conduits are variable depending upon many factors, including the epitope, the nature of the antigen, the source of the antigen, and the identity of the antigen-presenting cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Asha Purnima V. Ganesan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurence C. Eisenlohr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bouwmans EE, Smethurst PA, Garner SF, Ouwehand WH, Morley SL. Expression of a single-chain human leukocyte antigen-DRA/DRB3*01:01 molecule and differential binding of a monoclonal antibody in the presence of specifically bound human platelet antigen-1a peptide. Transfusion 2013; 54:1478-85. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
45
|
|
46
|
Santambrogio L, Stern LJ. Carrying yourself: self antigen composition of the lymphatic fluid. Lymphat Res Biol 2013; 11:149-54. [PMID: 24024574 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in proteomics methodology and instrumentation have allowed detailed characterization of the composition of lymph. Far from being a simple ultrafiltrate of blood plasma, lymph has been shown to carry a rich repertoire of proteins and peptides reflecting the tissue of origin and its physiological state. Peptides derived from lymph can be loaded on the MHCII proteins, particularly those present on immature and/or inactivated antigen presenting cells, and may play an important role in maintenance of peripheral tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Santambrogio
- 1 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , New York, New York
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ohashi N, Nomura W, Narumi T, Tamamura H. Peptide-based ligand screening and functional analysis of protein kinase C. Biopolymers 2013; 100:613-20. [PMID: 23897302 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in cell signaling pathways and is implicated in disorders ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's disease. Highly potent PKC ligands as therapeutic drugs have not been developed to date and useful methodologies for controlling PKC activation in defined areas are necessary to analyze precise PKC functions in cells. Studies focused on the development of PKC ligand screening systems and methods for regulation of PKC activation have been performed in our laboratory. In this review, our ligand screening methods involving synthetic peptides and solvatochromic fluorescent dye-labeled small compounds are summarized and the technique of spatio-temporal manipulation of PKC activation by caging strategies is introduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nami Ohashi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhuang YD, Chiang PY, Wang CW, Tan KT. Environment-Sensitive Fluorescent Turn-On Probes Targeting Hydrophobic Ligand-Binding Domains for Selective Protein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
49
|
Zhuang YD, Chiang PY, Wang CW, Tan KT. Environment-sensitive fluorescent turn-on probes targeting hydrophobic ligand-binding domains for selective protein detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:8124-8. [PMID: 23780746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101 Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Krueger AT, Imperiali B. Fluorescent Amino Acids: Modular Building Blocks for the Assembly of New Tools for Chemical Biology. Chembiochem 2013; 14:788-99. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|