1
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Ma S, Cao Y, Shi YF, Shang C, He L, Liu ZP. Data-driven discovery of active phosphine ligand space for cross-coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:13359-13368. [PMID: 39183919 PMCID: PMC11339946 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02327g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The design of highly active catalysts is a main theme in organic chemistry, but it still relies heavily on expert experience. Herein, powered by machine-learning global structure exploration, we forge a Metal-Phosphine Catalyst Database (MPCD) with a meticulously designed ligand replacement energy metric, a key descriptor to describe the metal-ligand interactions. It pushes the rational design of organometallic catalysts to a quantitative era, where a ±10 kJ mol-1 window of relative ligand binding strength, a so-called active ligand space (ALS), is identified for highly effective catalyst screening. We highlight the chemistry interpretability and effectiveness of ALS for various C-N, C-C and C-S cross-coupling reactions via a Sabatier-principle-based volcano plot and demonstrate its predictive power in discovering low-cost ligands in catalyzing Suzuki cross-coupling involving aryl chloride. The advent of the MPCD provides a data-driven new route for speeding up organometallic catalysis and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yanwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Yun-Fei Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (IChem), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Cheng Shang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (IChem), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Organic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (IChem), Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
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2
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Yang J, Xie ZY, Ye YJ, Ye SB, Wang YB, Wang WT, Qian PC, Song RJ, Sun Q, Ye LW, Li L. Ir/Zn-cocatalyzed chemo- and atroposelective [2+2+2] cycloaddition for construction of C─N axially chiral indoles and pyrroles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk1704. [PMID: 38117883 PMCID: PMC10732529 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, an Ir/Zn-cocatalyzed atroposelective [2+2+2] cycloaddition of 1,6-diynes and ynamines was developed, forging various functionalized C─N axially chiral indoles and pyrroles in generally good to excellent yields (up to 99%), excellent chemoselectivities, and high enantioselectivities (up to 98% enantiomeric excess) with wide substrate scope. This cocatalyzed strategy not only provided an alternative promising and reliable way for asymmetric alkyne [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization in an easy handle but also settled the issues of previous [Rh(COD)2]BF4-catalyzed system on the construction of C─N axial chirality such as complex operations, limited substrate scope, and low efficiency. In addition, control experiments and theoretical calculations disclosed that Zn(OTf)2 markedly reduced the barrier of migration insertion to significantly increase reaction efficiency, which was distinctly different from previous work on the Lewis acid for improving reaction yield through accelerating oxidative addition and reductive elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhong-Yang Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu-Jie Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Sheng-Bing Ye
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wen-Tao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials and Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ren-Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Technology and Application of Environmental Functional Materials, Institute of New Materials and Industry Technology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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3
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Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhao Y, Wu XF. Regioselective and Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Hydroaminocarbonylation of Unactivated Alkenes and Alkynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309993. [PMID: 37584272 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Given the prevalence of amide backbones in marketed pharmaceuticals and their ubiquity as critical binding units in natural peptides and proteins, it remains important to develop novel methods to construct amide bonds. We report here a general method for the anti-Markovnikov hydroaminocarbonylation of unactivated alkenes under mild conditions, using copper catalysis in combination with hydroxylamine electrophile reagents and poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) as a cheap and environmentally friendly hydride source. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and efficiently converts unactivated terminal alkenes, 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, and cyclic alkenes to the corresponding amides with exclusive anti-Markovnikov selectivity (and high enantioselectivities/diastereoselectivities). Additionally, with minimal modification of the reaction conditions, alkynes can also undergo tandem hydrogenation-hydroaminocarbonylation to alkyl amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yuan
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Youcan Zhang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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4
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Lehtola S, Marques MAL. Reproducibility of density functional approximations: How new functionals should be reported. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114116. [PMID: 37725491 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory is the workhorse of chemistry and materials science, and novel density functional approximations are published every year. To become available in program packages, the novel density functional approximations (DFAs) need to be (re)implemented. However, according to our experience as developers of Libxc [Lehtola et al., SoftwareX 7, 1 (2018)], a constant problem in this task is verification due to the lack of reliable reference data. As we discuss in this work, this lack has led to several non-equivalent implementations of functionals such as Becke-Perdew 1986, Perdew-Wang 1991, Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof, and Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional with Lee-Yang-Parr correlation across various program packages, yielding different total energies. Through careful verification, we have also found many issues with incorrect functional forms in recent DFAs. The goal of this work is to ensure the reproducibility of DFAs. DFAs must be verifiable in order to prevent the reappearance of the above-mentioned errors and incompatibilities. A common framework for verification and testing is, therefore, needed. We suggest several ways in which reference energies can be produced with free and open source software, either with non-self-consistent calculations with tabulated atomic densities or via self-consistent calculations with various program packages. The employed numerical parameters-especially the quadrature grid-need to be converged to guarantee a ≲0.1 μEh precision in the total energy, which is nowadays routinely achievable in fully numerical calculations. Moreover, as such sub-μEh level agreement can only be achieved when fully equivalent implementations of the DFA are used, the source code of the reference implementation should also be made available in any publication describing a new DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- Research Center Future Energy Materials and Systems of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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5
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Liang G, Anderson EA. Sequencing palladium-catalyzed cycloisomerization cascades in a synthesis of the gelsemine core. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6970-6974. [PMID: 37389268 PMCID: PMC10306092 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01353g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed cycloisomerization is a powerful strategy for the construction of cyclic organic molecules, and the use of palladium catalysts can deliver a wide range of monocyclic and bicyclic products. However, applications of cycloisomerizations in complex target synthesis in which more than one cycloisomerization process is deployed in a cascade context are rare. Here we report investigations of the relative rates of two different types of ene-ynamide cycloisomerization that form fused and spirocyclic rings, and use of these results to design a sequence-controlled cascade cycloisomerization that prepares the tetracyclic core of gelsemine in a single step. Crucial to this work was an evaluation of the kinetics of each cycloisomerization in competition experiments, which revealed a key influence of the ynamide electron-withdrawing group on the cycloisomerization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoduan Liang
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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6
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Nakanishi T, Terada M. Computational molecular refinement to enhance enantioselectivity by reinforcing hydrogen bonding interactions in major reaction pathway. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5712-5721. [PMID: 37265716 PMCID: PMC10231322 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01637d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational analyses have revealed that the distortion of a catalyst and the substrates and their interactions are key to determining the stability of the transition state. Hence, two strategies "distortion strategy" and "interaction strategy" can be proposed for improving enantiomeric excess in enantioselective reactions. The "distortion strategy" is used as a conventional approach that destabilizes the TS (transition state) of the minor pathway. On the other hand, the "interaction strategy" focuses on the stabilization of the TS of the major pathway in which an enhancement of the reaction rate is expected. To realize this strategy, we envisioned the TS stabilization of the major reaction pathway by reinforcing hydrogen bonding and adopted the chiral phosphoric acid-catalysed enantioselective Diels-Alder reaction of 2-vinylquinolines with dienylcarbamates. The intended "interaction strategy" led to remarkable improvements in the enantioselectivity and reaction rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masahiro Terada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
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7
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Huang T, Kupfer S, Richter M, Gräfe S, Geitner R. Bidentate Rh(I)‐Phosphine Complexes for the C‐H Activation of Alkanes: Computational Modelling and Mechanistic Insight. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbai Huang
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Martin Richter
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Robert Geitner
- TU Ilmenau: Technische Universitat Ilmenau Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering Weimarer Str. 32 98693 Ilmenau GERMANY
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8
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Matsuoka W, Harabuchi Y, Maeda S. Virtual Ligand-Assisted Screening Strategy to Discover Enabling Ligands for Transition Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan
- ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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9
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Zhao X, Zhang D, Wang X. Unraveling the Mechanism of Palladium-Catalyzed Base-Free Cross-Coupling of Vinyl Carboxylates: Dual Role of Arylboronic Acids as a Reducing Agent and a Coupling Partner. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- College of Medical Engineering and the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 173364, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
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10
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Sato Y, Matsuzaki T, Takehara T, Sako M, Suzuki T, Arisawa M. Double isomerization/cycloisomerization/aromatization of 1-(allyloxy)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzenes to give 2-ethyl-3-isopropylbenzofurans using a multitasking single rhodium catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:415-418. [PMID: 34897309 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multitasking single-catalyst systems that allow multiple chemical transformations within a single reaction vessel are important for the development of eco-compatible chemistry. Here, we have developed a rhodium-catalyzed system that transforms 1-(allyloxy)-2-(cyclopropylmethyl)benzene derivatives to 2-ethyl-3-isopropylbenzofurans via double isomerization/cycloisomerization/aromatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Matsuzaki
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsunayoshi Takehara
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Makoto Sako
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- Comprehensive Analysis Center, SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamada-oka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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11
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Žabka M, Naviri L, Gschwind RM. Noncovalent CH–π and π–π Interactions in Phosphoramidite Palladium(II) Complexes with Strong Conformational Preference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matej Žabka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Lavakumar Naviri
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Universität Regensburg Universitätstrasse 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
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12
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Žabka M, Naviri L, Gschwind RM. Noncovalent CH-π and π-π Interactions in Phosphoramidite Palladium(II) Complexes with Strong Conformational Preference. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25832-25838. [PMID: 34585835 PMCID: PMC9298319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The weak noncovalent interactions and flexibility of ligands play a key role in enantioselective metal-catalyzed reactions. In transition metal complexes and their catalytic applications, the experimental assessment and the design of key interactions is as difficult as the prediction of the enantioselectivities, especially for flexible, privileged ligands such as chiral phosphoramidites. Therefore, the interligand interactions in cis-PdII L2 Cl2 phosphoramidite complexes were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and computations. We were able to induce a strong conformational preference by breaking the symmetry of the C2 -symmetric side chain of one of the ligands, and shift the equilibrium between hetero- and homocomplexes towards heterocomplexes because of interligand interactions in the cis-complexes. The modulation of aryl substituents was exploited, along with the solvent effect. The combined CH-π and π-π interactions reveal design patterns for binding and folding of chiral ligands and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Žabka
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Lavakumar Naviri
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Ruth M. Gschwind
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversität RegensburgUniversitätstrasse 3193053RegensburgGermany
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13
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Kanna W, Harabuchi Y, Takano H, Hayashi H, Maeda S, Mita T. Carboxylation of a Palladacycle Formed via C(sp 3 )-H Activation: Theory-Driven Reaction Design. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:4072-4080. [PMID: 34636155 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Theory-driven organic synthesis is a powerful tool for developing new organic transformations. A palladacycle(II), generated from 8-methylquinoline via C(sp3 )-H activation, is frequently featured in the scientific literature, albeit that the reactivity toward CO2 , an abundant, inexpensive, and non-toxic chemical, remains elusive. We have theoretically discovered potential carboxylation pathways using the artificial force induced reaction (AFIR) method, a density-functional-theory (DFT)-based automated reaction path search method. The thus obtained results suggest that the reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(I) is key to promote the insertion of CO2 . Based on these computational findings, we employed various one-electron reductants, such as Cp*2 Co, a photoredox catalyst under blue LED irradiation, and reductive electrolysis ((+)Mg/(-)Pt), which afforded the desired carboxylated products in high yields. After screening phosphine ligands under photoredox conditions, we discovered that bidentate ligands such as dppe promoted this carboxylation efficiently, which was rationally interpreted in terms of the redox potential of the Pd(II)-dppe complex as well as on the grounds of DFT calculations. We are convinced that these results could serve as future guidelines for the development of Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp3 )-H carboxylation reactions with CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kanna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yu Harabuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takano
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hayashi
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Mita
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.,JST, ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence in Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
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14
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Smith PJ, Jiang Y, Tong Z, Pickford HD, Christensen KE, Nugent J, Anderson EA. Synthesis of Polysubstituted Fused Pyrroles by Gold-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization/1,2-Sulfonyl Migration of Yndiamides. Org Lett 2021; 23:6547-6552. [PMID: 34369785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Yndiamides (bis-N-substituted alkynes) are valuable precursors to azacycles. Here we report a cycloisomerization/1,2-sulfonyl migration of alkynyl-yndiamides to form tetrahydropyrrolopyrroles, unprecedented heterocyclic scaffolds that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. This functional group tolerant transformation can be achieved using Au(I) catalysis that proceeds at ambient temperature, and a thermally promoted process. The utility of the products is demonstrated by a range of reactions to functionalize the fused pyrrole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Smith
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yubo Jiang
- Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zixuan Tong
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Helena D Pickford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | | | - Jeremy Nugent
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Edward A Anderson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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15
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Abstract
Computational methods have emerged as a powerful tool to augment traditional experimental molecular catalyst design by providing useful predictions of catalyst performance and decreasing the time needed for catalyst screening. In this perspective, we discuss three approaches for computational molecular catalyst design: (i) the reaction mechanism-based approach that calculates all relevant elementary steps, finds the rate and selectivity determining steps, and ultimately makes predictions on catalyst performance based on kinetic analysis, (ii) the descriptor-based approach where physical/chemical considerations are used to find molecular properties as predictors of catalyst performance, and (iii) the data-driven approach where statistical analysis as well as machine learning (ML) methods are used to obtain relationships between available data/features and catalyst performance. Following an introduction to these approaches, we cover their strengths and weaknesses and highlight some recent key applications. Furthermore, we present an outlook on how the currently applied approaches may evolve in the near future by addressing how recent developments in building automated computational workflows and implementing advanced ML models hold promise for reducing human workload, eliminating human bias, and speeding up computational catalyst design at the same time. Finally, we provide our viewpoint on how some of the challenges associated with the up-and-coming approaches driven by automation and ML may be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Soyemi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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16
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Falcone BN, Grayson MN. Understanding the mechanism of the chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed aza-Cope rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3656-3664. [PMID: 33908433 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective aza-Cope rearrangement was reported in 2008 by Rueping et al. The reaction is catalyzed by a 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol-derived (BINOL-derived) phosphoric acid and achieved high yields and enantioselectivities (up to 97 : 3 er with 75% yield). This work utilizes Density Functional Theory to understand the mechanism of the reaction and explain the origins of the enantioselectivity. An extensive conformational search was carried out to explore the different activation modes by the catalyst and, the Transition State (TS) leading to the major product was found to be 1.3 kcal mol-1 lower in energy than the TS leading to the minor product. The origin of this stabilization was rationalized with NBO and NCI analysis: it was found that the major TS has a greater number of non-bonding interactions between the substrate and the catalyst, and shows stronger H-bond interactions between H atoms in the substrate and the O atoms in the phosphate group of the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno N Falcone
- SSPC, the SFI Research Centre for Pharmaceuticals, School of Chemistry, University College Cork, Cork, T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Matthew N Grayson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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17
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Mechanistic investigation of Rh(i)-catalysed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with racemic allyl halides. Nat Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-021-00589-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Lu Q, Gu J, Liu F, Li C. Computational Study on Mechanisms and Origins of Selectivities in Rh(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations of 1,6-Allenynes with Tethered Unsaturated Carbon–Carbon Bonds. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Lu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Jun Gu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Chunsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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19
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Chen Y, Tian B, Cheng Z, Li X, Huang M, Sun Y, Liu S, Cheng X, Li S, Ding M. Electro-Descriptors for the Performance Prediction of Electro-Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:4199-4207. [PMID: 33180375 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical organic synthesis has attracted increasing attentions as a sustainable and versatile synthetic platform. Quantitative assessment of the electro-organic reactions, including reaction thermodynamics, electro-kinetics, and coupled chemical processes, can lead to effective analytical tool to guide their future design. Herein, we demonstrate that electrochemical parameters such as onset potential, Tafel slope, and effective voltage can be utilized as electro-descriptors for the evaluation of reaction conditions and prediction of reactivities (yields). An "electro-descriptor-diagram" is generated, where reactive and non-reactive conditions/substances show distinct boundary. Successful predictions of reaction outcomes have been demonstrated using electro-descriptor diagram, or from machine learning algorithms with experimentally-derived electro-descriptors. This method represents a promising tool for data-acquisition, reaction prediction, mechanistic investigation, and high-throughput screening for general organic electro-synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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20
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Gallegos LC, Luchini G, St. John PC, Kim S, Paton RS. Importance of Engineered and Learned Molecular Representations in Predicting Organic Reactivity, Selectivity, and Chemical Properties. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:827-836. [PMID: 33534534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Machine-readable chemical structure representations are foundational in all attempts to harness machine learning for the prediction of reactivities, selectivities, and chemical properties directly from molecular structure. The featurization of discrete chemical structures into a continuous vector space is a critical phase undertaken before model selection, and the development of new ways to quantitatively encode molecules is an active area of research. In this Account, we highlight the application and suitability of different representations, from expert-guided "engineered" descriptors to automatically "learned" features, in different prediction tasks relevant to organic and organometallic chemistry, where differing amounts of training data are available. These tasks include statistical models of stereo- and enantioselectivity, thermochemistry, and kinetics developed using experimental and quantum chemical data.The use of expert-guided molecular descriptors provides an opportunity to incorporate chemical knowledge, domain expertise, and physical constraints into statistical modeling. In applications to stereoselective organic and organometallic catalysis, where data sets may be relatively small and 3D-geometries and conformations play an important role, mechanistically informed features can be used successfully to obtain predictive statistical models that are also chemically interpretable. We provide an overview of several recent applications of this approach to obtain quantitative models for reactivity and selectivity, where topological descriptors, quantum mechanical calculations of electronic and steric properties, along with conformational ensembles, all feature as essential ingredients of the molecular representations used.Alternatively, more flexible, general-purpose molecular representations such as attributed molecular graphs can be used with machine learning approaches to learn the complex relationship between a structure and prediction target. This approach has the potential to out-perform more traditional representation methods such as "hand-crafted" molecular descriptors, particularly as data set sizes grow. One area where this is particularly relevant is in the use of large sets of quantum mechanical data to train quantitative structure-property relationships. A general approach toward curating useful data sets and training highly accurate graph neural network models is discussed in the context of organic bond dissociation enthalpies, where this strategy outperforms regression using precomputed descriptors.Finally, we describe how graph neural network predictions can be incorporated into mechanistically informed statistical models of chemical reactivity and selectivity. Once trained, this approach avoids the expensive computational overhead associated with quantum mechanical calculations, while maintaining chemical interpretability. We illustrate examples for which fast predictions of bond dissociation enthalpy and of the identities of radicals formed through cleavage of a molecule's weakest bond are used in simple physical models of site-selectivity and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C. Gallegos
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Guilian Luchini
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Peter C. St. John
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15103 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Seonah Kim
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15103 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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21
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22
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Wang J, Blaszczyk SA, Li X, Tang W. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Selective Carbon-Carbon Bond Cleavage of Vinylcyclopropanes in Cycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2021; 121:110-139. [PMID: 32786421 PMCID: PMC9576321 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review, transition metal-catalyzed methodologies and applications that exploit C-C bond cleavage of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) are summarized with a focus on cycloaddition and related addition reactions. Transition metals, including palladium, nickel, iron, ruthenium, rhodium, cobalt, and iridium, can catalyze the cleavage of C-C bonds in activated or nonactivated VCPs. Additionally, these bond-breaking reactions can occur as intra- or intermolecular processes. The properties of activated and nonactivated VCPs are discussed in the Introduction. Various transition metal-catalyzed cycloaddition and addition reactions involving the cleavage of C-C bonds in activated VCPs are then discussed in the next chapter. The transition metal-catalyzed cycloadditions involving the cleavage of C-C in nonactivated VCPs are summarized in the following chapter. Finally, challenges and potential opportunities are outlined in the last chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Stephanie A. Blaszczyk
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoxun Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Tang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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23
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Caillé J, Robiette R. Cycloaddition of cyclopropanes for the elaboration of medium-sized carbocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5702-5724. [PMID: 34114583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The stereocontrolled formation of medium-sized carbocycles is a major goal in modern organic chemistry due to their widespread occurrence in natural products and pharmaceutically active ingredients. One approach consists in the use of cycloaddition reactions which notably results in high selectivities and atom-economy. To this end, cyclopropanes are ideal substrates since they can provide readily functionalized three- or five-carbon synthons. Herein we report advances made in cycloaddition reactions of cyclopropanes towards the synthesis of medium-sized carbocycles via transition metal catalysis or Lewis acid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Caillé
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. and Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris Est (ICMPE), UMR-CNRS 7182, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), 2 Rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais, France.
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1 box L4.01.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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24
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Wan X, Sun M, Wang JY, Yu L, Wu Q, Zhang YC, Shi F. Regio- and enantioselective ring-opening reaction of vinylcyclopropanes with indoles under cooperative catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The title reaction has been established under the cooperative bimetallic catalysis of iridium and copper catalysts, which afforded indole C3-allylation products with branched selectivity in moderate yields and good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- 221116
- China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- 221116
- China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- 221116
- China
| | - Lei Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- 221116
- China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Xuzhou University of Technology
- Xuzhou 221018
- China
| | - Yu-Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- 221116
- China
| | - Feng Shi
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou
- 221116
- China
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25
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Fu R, Liu R, Lv K, Zhu C, Bao X. Silver-catalyzed desulfurizative annulation of 1,2-benzisothiazoles with ynamides to construct multi-substituted isoquinolines. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented silver-catalyzed desulfurizative annulation of 1,2-benzisothiazoles with ynamides to access multi-substituted isoquinoline derivatives is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Fu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kang Lv
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jining University, Qufu, Shandong 273155, China
| | - Changlei Zhu
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Innovation Center for Chemical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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26
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Bhargava Reddy M, Neerathilingam N, Anandhan R. Photoredox-catalyzed chemoselective aerobic Cα–H oxidation of propargylamines: synthesis of substituted 2-ynamide and oxazolo[2,3-a]isoquinolinone derivatives. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01220c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Visible light-initiated chemoselective aerobic Cα–H oxidation of propargylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ramasamy Anandhan
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Madras
- Chennai-600 025
- India
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27
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Chen Y, Tian B, Cheng Z, Li X, Huang M, Sun Y, Liu S, Cheng X, Li S, Ding M. Electro‐Descriptors for the Performance Prediction of Electro‐Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Bailin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xiaoshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yuxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Mengning Ding
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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28
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Lynch CC, Sripada A, Wolf C. Asymmetric synthesis with ynamides: unique reaction control, chemical diversity and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8543-8583. [PMID: 33073285 PMCID: PMC8383824 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00769b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ynamides are among the most powerful building blocks in organic synthesis and have become invaluable starting materials for the construction of multifunctional compounds and challenging architectures that would be difficult to prepare otherwise. The rapidly growing popularity originates from the unique reactivity and ease of manipulation of the polarized ynamide triple bond, the advance of practical methods for making them, and the simplicity of storage and handling. These attractive features and the demonstration of numerous synthetic applications have spurred the development of intriguing asymmetric reaction strategies during the last decade. An impressive variety of chemo-, regio- and stereoselective carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond forming reactions with ynamides have been developed and now significantly enrich the toolbox of synthetic chemists. This review provides a comprehensive overview of asymmetric ynamide chemistry since 2010 with a focus on the general scope, current limitations, stereochemical reaction control and mechanistic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán C Lynch
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
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29
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Luo J, Chen GS, Chen SJ, Yu JS, Li ZD, Liu YL. Exploiting Remarkable Reactivities of Ynamides: Opportunities in Designing Catalytic Enantioselective Reactions. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guo-Shu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shu-Jie Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zhao-Dong Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Wushan Street five road No. 483, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yun-Lin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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30
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Pattanaik L, Ingraham JB, Grambow CA, Green WH. Generating transition states of isomerization reactions with deep learning. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:23618-23626. [PMID: 33112304 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04670a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lack of quality data and difficulty generating these data hinder quantitative understanding of reaction kinetics. Specifically, conventional methods to generate transition state structures are deficient in speed, accuracy, or scope. We describe a novel method to generate three-dimensional transition state structures for isomerization reactions using reactant and product geometries. Our approach relies on a graph neural network to predict the transition state distance matrix and a least squares optimization to reconstruct the coordinates based on which entries of the distance matrix the model perceives to be important. We feed the structures generated by our algorithm through a rigorous quantum mechanics workflow to ensure the predicted transition state corresponds to the ground truth reactant and product. In both generating viable geometries and predicting accurate transition states, our method achieves excellent results. We envision workflows like this, which combine neural networks and quantum chemistry calculations, will become the preferred methods for computing chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lagnajit Pattanaik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - John B Ingraham
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Colin A Grambow
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - William H Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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31
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Xi Y, Su B, Qi X, Pedram S, Liu P, Hartwig JF. Application of Trimethylgermanyl-Substituted Bisphosphine Ligands with Enhanced Dispersion Interactions to Copper-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Disubstituted Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18213-18222. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Shayun Pedram
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - John F. Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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32
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Dangat Y, Popli S, Sunoj RB. Unraveling the Importance of Noncovalent Interactions in Asymmetric Hydroformylation Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17079-17092. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuvraj Dangat
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sahil Popli
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Raghavan B. Sunoj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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33
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Singh A, Chayawan, Mehta SK, Singh K. Catalyst free enantioselective amination via S N2 nucleophilic substitution reaction: a computational study. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1795167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal Singh
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India
| | - Chayawan
- Mario Negri Istituto di ricerche farmacologiche, Milan, Italy
| | - S. K. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kulvinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, India
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34
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Kar S, Leszczynski J. Open access in silico tools to predict the ADMET profiling of drug candidates. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1473-1487. [PMID: 32735147 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1798926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We are in an era of bioinformatics and cheminformatics where we can predict data in the fields of medicine, the environment, engineering and public health. Approaches with open access in silico tools have revolutionized disease management due to early prediction of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles of the chemically designed and eco-friendly next-generation drugs. AREAS COVERED This review meticulously encompasses the fundamental functions of open access in silico prediction tools (webservers and standalone software) and advocates their use in drug discovery research for the safety and reliability of any candidate-drug. This review also aims to help support new researchers in the field of drug design. EXPERT OPINION The choice of in silico tools is critically important for drug discovery and the accuracy of ADMET prediction. The accuracy largely depends on the types of dataset, the algorithm used, the quality of the model, the available endpoints for prediction, and user requirement. The key is to use multiple in silico tools for predictions and comparing the results, followed by the identification of the most probable prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supratik Kar
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University , Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jerzy Leszczynski
- Interdisciplinary Center for Nanotoxicity, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson State University , Jackson, MS, USA
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35
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Garbo M, Besnard C, Guénée L, Mazet C. Access to Optically Active 7-Membered Rings by a 2-Step Synthetic Sequence: Cu-Catalyzed Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of Branched 1,3-Dienes/Rh-Catalyzed Stereoconvergent [5 + 2] Cycloaddition. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Garbo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Céline Besnard
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Clément Mazet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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36
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Yang J, Mori Y, Yamanaka M, Yoshikai N. Cobalt‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroacylation Involving Cyclopropane Cleavage. Chemistry 2020; 26:8302-8307. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
- Department of ChemistryFudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 2000438 P.R. China
| | - Yuto Mori
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceRikkyo University 3–41-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamanaka
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceRikkyo University 3–41-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Naohiko Yoshikai
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore
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37
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Pirenne V, Muriel B, Waser J. Catalytic Enantioselective Ring-Opening Reactions of Cyclopropanes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:227-263. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Pirenne
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Muriel
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Waser
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL SB ISIC LCSO, BCH 4306, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Ligand Design for Asymmetric Catalysis: Combining Mechanistic and Chemoinformatics Approaches. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Xu Y, Sun Q, Tan T, Yang M, Yuan P, Wu S, Lu X, Hong X, Ye L. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conia‐Ene‐Type Carbocyclization of Ynamide Cyclohexanones: Regiodivergent Synthesis of Morphans and Normorphans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Tong‐De Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Ming‐Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Shao‐Qi Wu
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Long‐Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid SurfacesKey Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen University Xiamen 361005 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
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40
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Xu Y, Sun Q, Tan TD, Yang MY, Yuan P, Wu SQ, Lu X, Hong X, Ye LW. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Conia-Ene-Type Carbocyclization of Ynamide Cyclohexanones: Regiodivergent Synthesis of Morphans and Normorphans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16252-16259. [PMID: 31444882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is an organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrizing cycloisomerization of arylsulfonyl-protected ynamide cyclohexanones, representing the first metal-free asymmetric Conia-ene-type carbocyclization. This method allows the highly efficient and atom-economical construction of a range of valuable morphans with wide substrate scope and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee). In addition, such a cycloisomerization of alkylsulfonyl-protected ynamide cyclohexanones can lead to the divergent synthesis of normorphans as the main products with high enantioselectivity (up to 90 % ee). Moreover, theoretical calculations are employed to elucidate the origins of regioselectivity and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tong-De Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ming-Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shao-Qi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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41
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Liu R, Chou Y, Lian B, Fang DC, Gao M, Cheng T, Liu G. Mechanistic Insights into the Ru(II)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of ( E)-1,6-Enynes. Org Lett 2019; 21:6815-6820. [PMID: 31449425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Design of a unique reaction pathway in transition-metal-catalyzed 1,6-enynes cyclization to construct valuable synthetic motifs is a significant challenge in organic chemistry. Herein, we report a Ru(II)-catalyzed formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition as an efficient method to prepare unprecedented bicyclo[3.3.0]octenes from readily available (E)-1,6-enynes. Mechanistic studies based on the deuterium labeling experiments and the DFT calculation disclose a reasonable mechanistic pathway, where a ruthenacyclopentene generated by an ene-yne oxidative cyclization undergoes a sequential ß-hydride elimination and intramolecular hydroruthenation to form a ruthenacyclohexene, producing the desirable bicyclo[3.3.0]octenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Rare Earth Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yajie Chou
- Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Rare Earth Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Bing Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - De-Cai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Rare Earth Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tanyu Cheng
- Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Rare Earth Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Rare Earth Materials, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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42
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Brethomé AV, Paton RS, Fletcher SP. Retooling Asymmetric Conjugate Additions for Sterically Demanding Substrates with an Iterative Data-Driven Approach. ACS Catal 2019; 9:7179-7187. [PMID: 32064147 PMCID: PMC7011729 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
development of catalytic enantioselective methods is routinely
carried out using easily accessible and prototypical substrates. This
approach to reaction development often yields asymmetric methods that
perform poorly using substrates that are sterically or electronically
dissimilar to those used during the reaction optimization campaign.
Consequently, expanding the scope of previously optimized catalytic
asymmetric reactions to include more challenging substrates is decidedly
nontrivial. Here, we address this challenge through the development
of a systematic workflow to broaden the applicability and reliability
of asymmetric conjugate additions to substrates conventionally regarded
as sterically and electronically demanding. The copper-catalyzed asymmetric
conjugate addition of alkylzirconium nucleophiles to form tertiary
centers, although successful for linear alkyl chains, fails for more
sterically demanding linear α,β-unsaturated ketones. Key
to adapting this method to obtain high enantioselectivity was the
synthesis of modified phosphoramidite ligands, designed using quantitative
structure–selectivity relationships (QSSRs). Iterative rounds
of model construction and ligand synthesis were executed in parallel
to evaluate the performance of 20 chiral ligands. The copper-catalyzed
asymmetric addition is now more broadly applicable, even tolerating
linear enones bearing tert-butyl β-substituents.
The presence of common functional groups is tolerated in both nucleophiles
and electrophiles, giving up to 99% yield and 95% ee across 20 examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre V. Brethomé
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Stephen P. Fletcher
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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43
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Campos KR, Coleman PJ, Alvarez JC, Dreher SD, Garbaccio RM, Terrett NK, Tillyer RD, Truppo MD, Parmee ER. The importance of synthetic chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry. Science 2019; 363:363/6424/eaat0805. [PMID: 30655413 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat0805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Innovations in synthetic chemistry have enabled the discovery of many breakthrough therapies that have improved human health over the past century. In the face of increasing challenges in the pharmaceutical sector, continued innovation in chemistry is required to drive the discovery of the next wave of medicines. Novel synthetic methods not only unlock access to previously unattainable chemical matter, but also inspire new concepts as to how we design and build chemical matter. We identify some of the most important recent advances in synthetic chemistry as well as opportunities at the interface with partner disciplines that are poised to transform the practice of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Campos
- Global Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Paul J Coleman
- Global Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
| | - Juan C Alvarez
- Global Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Emma R Parmee
- Global Chemistry, Merck & Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
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44
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DeRatt LG, Pappoppula M, Aponick A. A Facile Enantioselective Alkynylation of Chromones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8416-8420. [PMID: 31016846 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The first catalytic enantioselective alkynylation of chromones is reported. In this process, chromones are silylated to form silyloxybenzopyrylium ions that lead to silyl enol ethers after Cu-catalyzed alkyne addition using StackPhos as a ligand. The outcome of the reaction is impacted by distal ligand substituents with differing electronic character and it was found that successful reactions could be achieved with different ligand congeners by using different solvents. This sequence enables access to different products by protonation or further functionalization, thus increasing complexity in a divergent manner. The transformation is high yielding over a broad scope to provide a variety of useful chromanones in high enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G DeRatt
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32607, USA
| | - Mukesh Pappoppula
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32607, USA
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, P.O. Box 117200, Gainesville, FL, 32607, USA
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45
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tong-De Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mingzhou Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Long-Wu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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46
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DeRatt LG, Pappoppula M, Aponick A. A Facile Enantioselective Alkynylation of Chromones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey G. DeRatt
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32607 USA
| | - Mukesh Pappoppula
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32607 USA
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Florida Center for Heterocyclic Compounds & Department of ChemistryUniversity of Florida P.O. Box 117200 Gainesville FL 32607 USA
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47
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Ahn S, Hong M, Sundararajan M, Ess DH, Baik MH. Design and Optimization of Catalysts Based on Mechanistic Insights Derived from Quantum Chemical Reaction Modeling. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6509-6560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seihwan Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mannkyu Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Mu-Hyun Baik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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48
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Fang C, Fantin M, Pan X, de Fiebre K, Coote ML, Matyjaszewski K, Liu P. Mechanistically Guided Predictive Models for Ligand and Initiator Effects in Copper-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Cu-ATRP). J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7486-7497. [PMID: 30977644 PMCID: PMC6634993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP) is one of the most widely used controlled radical polymerization techniques. Notwithstanding the extensive mechanistic studies in the literature, the transition states of the activation/deactivation of the growing polymer chain, a key equilibrium in Cu-ATRP, have not been investigated computationally. Therefore, the understanding of the origin of ligand and initiator effects on the rates of activation/deactivation is still limited. Here, we present the first computational analysis of Cu-ATRP activation transition states to reveal factors that affect the rates of activation and deactivation. The Br atom transfer between the polymer chain and the Cu catalyst occurs through an unusual bent geometry that involves pronounced interactions between the polymer chain end and the ancillary ligand on the Cu catalyst. Therefore, the rates of activation/deactivation are determined by both the electronic properties of the Cu catalyst and the ligand-initiator steric repulsions. In addition, our calculations revealed the important role of ligand backbone flexibility on the activation. These theoretical analyses led to the identification of three chemically meaningful descriptors, namely HOMO energy of the catalyst ( EHOMO), percent buried volume ( Vbur%), and distortion energy of the catalyst (Δ Edist), to describe the electronic, steric, and flexibility effects on reactivity, respectively. A robust and simple predictive model for ligand effect on reactivity is thereby established by correlating these three descriptors with experimental activation rate constants using multivariate linear regression. Validation using a structurally diverse set of ligands revealed the average error is less than ±2 kcal/mol compared to the experimentally derived activation energies. The same approach was also applied to develop a predictive model for reactivity of different alkyl halide initiators using R-X bond dissociation energy (BDE) and Cu-X halogenophilicity as descriptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Computational Modeling & Simulation Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Xiangcheng Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Kurt de Fiebre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15260, United States
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261, United States
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49
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Mansfield SJ, Smith RC, Yong JRJ, Garry OL, Anderson EA. A General Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Ynamides from 1,2-Dichloroenamides. Org Lett 2019; 21:2918-2922. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Russell C. Smith
- Janssen PRD, 3210 Merryfield Row, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Olivia L. Garry
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K
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50
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Zhong K, Shan C, Zhu L, Liu S, Zhang T, Liu F, Shen B, Lan Y, Bai R. Theoretical Study of the Addition of Cu-Carbenes to Acetylenes to Form Chiral Allenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5772-5780. [PMID: 30887803 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Terminal alkynes have become one of the most versatile building blocks for C-C bond construction in the past few decades, and they are usually considered to convert to acetylides before further transformations. In this study, a novel direct nucleophilic addition mode for Cu(I)-catalyzed cross-coupling of terminal alkynes and N-tosylhydrazones to synthesize chiral allenes is proposed, and it was investigated by density functional theory with the M11-L density functional. Three different reaction pathways were considered and investigated. The computational results show that the proposed reaction pathway, which includes direct nucleophilic attack of protonated acetylene, deprotonation of the vinyl cation, and catalyst regeneration, is the most favorable pathway. Another possible deprotonation-carbenation-insertion pathway is shown to be unfavorable. The direct nucleophilic addition step is the rate- and enantioselectivity-determining step in the catalytic cycle. Noncovalent interaction analysis shows that the steric effect between the methyl group of the carbene moiety and the naphthalyl group of the bisoxazoline ligand is important to control the enantioselectivity. In addition, calculation of a series of chiral bisoxazoline ligands shows that a bulky group on the oxazoline ring is favorable for high enantioselectivity, which agrees with experimental observations. Moreover, copper acetylides are stable, and their generation is a favorable pathway in the absence of chiral bisoxazoline ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangbao Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Chunhui Shan
- Postdoctoral Station of Biomedical Engineering , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Fenru Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Boming Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China.,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Ruopeng Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry , Chongqing University , Chongqing 400030 , China
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