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Lepeu G, van Maren E, Slabeva K, Friedrichs-Maeder C, Fuchs M, Z'Graggen WJ, Pollo C, Schindler KA, Adamantidis A, Proix T, Baud MO. The critical dynamics of hippocampal seizures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6945. [PMID: 39138153 PMCID: PMC11322644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is defined by the abrupt emergence of harmful seizures, but the nature of these regime shifts remains enigmatic. From the perspective of dynamical systems theory, such critical transitions occur upon inconspicuous perturbations in highly interconnected systems and can be modeled as mathematical bifurcations between alternative regimes. The predictability of critical transitions represents a major challenge, but the theory predicts the appearance of subtle dynamical signatures on the verge of instability. Whether such dynamical signatures can be measured before impending seizures remains uncertain. Here, we verified that predictions on bifurcations applied to the onset of hippocampal seizures, providing concordant results from in silico modeling, optogenetics experiments in male mice and intracranial EEG recordings in human patients with epilepsy. Leveraging pharmacological control over neural excitability, we showed that the boundary between physiological excitability and seizures can be inferred from dynamical signatures passively recorded or actively probed in hippocampal circuits. Of importance for the design of future neurotechnologies, active probing surpassed passive recording to decode underlying levels of neural excitability, notably when assessed from a network of propagating neural responses. Our findings provide a promising approach for predicting and preventing seizures, based on a sound understanding of their dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Lepeu
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ellen van Maren
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristina Slabeva
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia Friedrichs-Maeder
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Markus Fuchs
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Werner J Z'Graggen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Pollo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar A Schindler
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Adamantidis
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Timothée Proix
- Department of Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maxime O Baud
- Center for experimental neurology, Sleep-wake epilepsy center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Wu Y, Wang L, Yan M, Wang X, Liao X, Zhong C, Ke D, Lu Y. Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Functional Gold Nanoparticle films for Improving the Electrode-Neural Interface. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400836. [PMID: 38757738 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural electrodes are indispensable tools for recording neuron activity, playing a crucial role in neuroscience research. However, traditional neural electrodes suffer from limited electrochemical performance, compromised biocompatibility, and tentative stability, posing great challenges for reliable long-term studies in free-moving animals. In this study, a novel approach employing a hybrid film composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/functional gold nanoparticles (PEDOT/3-MPA-Au) to improve the electrode-neural interface is presented. The deposited PEDOT/3-MPA-Au demonstrates superior cathodal charge storage capacity, reduced electrochemical impedance, and remarkable electrochemical and mechanical stability. Upon implantation into the cortex of mice for a duration of 12 weeks, the modified electrodes exhibit notably decreased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and increased neuronal nuclei immunostaining compared to counterparts utilizing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate). Additionally, the PEDOT/3-MPA-Au modified electrodes consistently capture high-quality, stable long-term electrophysiological signals in vivo, enabling continuous recording of target neurons for up to 16 weeks. This innovative modification strategy offers a promising solution for fabricating low-impedance, tissue-friendly, and long-term stable neural interfaces, thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional neural electrodes. These findings mark a significant advancement toward the development of more reliable and efficacious neural interfaces, with broad implications for both research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dingning Ke
- Experiment and Innovation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-inspired Intelligence Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Tsytsarev V, Sopova JV, Leonova EI, Inyushin M, Markina AA, Chirinskaite AV, Volnova AB. Neurophotonic methods in approach to in vivo animal epileptic models: Advantages and limitations. Epilepsia 2024; 65:600-614. [PMID: 38115808 PMCID: PMC10948300 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Neurophotonic technology is a rapidly growing group of techniques that are based on the interactions of light with natural or genetically modified cells of the neural system. New optical technologies make it possible to considerably extend the tools of neurophysiological research, from the visualization of functional activity changes to control of brain tissue excitability. This opens new perspectives for studying the mechanisms underlying the development of human neurological diseases. Epilepsy is one of the most common brain disorders; it is characterized by recurrent seizures and affects >1% of the world's population. However, how seizures occur, spread, and terminate in a healthy brain is still unclear. Therefore, it is extremely important to develop appropriate models to accurately explore the causal relationship of epileptic activity. The use of neurophotonic technologies in epilepsy research falls into two broad categories: the visualization of neural epileptic activity, and the direct optical influence on neurons to induce or suppress epileptic activity. An optogenetic variant of the classical kindling model of epileptic seizures, in which activatable cells are genetically defined, is called optokindling. Research is also underway concerning the application of neurophotonic techniques for suppressing epileptic activity, aiming to bring these methods into clinical practice. This review aims to systematize and describe new approaches that use combinations of different neurophotonic methods to work with in vivo models of epilepsy. These approaches overcome many of the shortcomings associated with classical animal models of epilepsy and thus increase the effectiveness of developing new diagnostic methods and antiepileptic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Neurobiology 20 Penn St, HSF-2, 21201 MD, Baltimore, United States
| | - Julia V. Sopova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Leonova
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00956, USA
| | - Alisa A. Markina
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | - Angelina V. Chirinskaite
- Center of Transgenesis and Genome Editing, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna B. Volnova
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Chen Y, Fernandez Z, Scheel N, Gifani M, Zhu DC, Counts SE, Dorrance AM, Razansky D, Yu X, Qian W, Qian C. Novel inductively coupled ear-bars (ICEs) to enhance restored fMRI signal from susceptibility compensation in rats. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad479. [PMID: 38100332 PMCID: PMC10793587 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging faces inherent challenges when applied to deep-brain areas in rodents, e.g. entorhinal cortex, due to the signal loss near the ear cavities induced by susceptibility artifacts and reduced sensitivity induced by the long distance from the surface array coil. Given the pivotal roles of deep brain regions in various diseases, optimized imaging techniques are needed. To mitigate susceptibility-induced signal losses, we introduced baby cream into the middle ear. To enhance the detection sensitivity of deep brain regions, we implemented inductively coupled ear-bars, resulting in approximately a 2-fold increase in sensitivity in entorhinal cortex. Notably, the inductively coupled ear-bar can be seamlessly integrated as an add-on device, without necessitating modifications to the scanner interface. To underscore the versatility of inductively coupled ear-bars, we conducted echo-planner imaging-based task functional magnetic resonance imaging in rats modeling Alzheimer's disease. As a proof of concept, we also demonstrated resting-state-functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity maps originating from the left entorhinal cortex-a central hub for memory and navigation networks-to amygdala hippocampal area, Insular Cortex, Prelimbic Systems, Cingulate Cortex, Secondary Visual Cortex, and Motor Cortex. This work demonstrates an optimized procedure for acquiring large-scale networks emanating from a previously challenging seed region by conventional magnetic resonance imaging detectors, thereby facilitating improved observation of functional magnetic resonance imaging outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of High-field Magnetic Resonance, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tuebingen 72076, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Zachary Fernandez
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Norman Scheel
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Mahsa Gifani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
| | - David C Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Scott E Counts
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, United States
- Department of Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI 49508, United States
- Michigan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, United States
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich 8006, Switzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, , Zurich 8092, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Xin Yu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, United States
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Chunqi Qian
- Department of Radiology and Cognitive Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
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Schoeters R, Tarnaud T, Weyn L, Joseph W, Raedt R, Tanghe E. Quantitative analysis of the optogenetic excitability of CA1 neurons. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 17:1229715. [PMID: 37649730 PMCID: PMC10465168 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2023.1229715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Optogenetics has emerged as a promising technique for modulating neuronal activity and holds potential for the treatment of neurological disorders such as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, clinical translation still faces many challenges. This in-silico study aims to enhance the understanding of optogenetic excitability in CA1 cells and to identify strategies for improving stimulation protocols. Methods Employing state-of-the-art computational models coupled with Monte Carlo simulated light propagation, the optogenetic excitability of four CA1 cells, two pyramidal and two interneurons, expressing ChR2(H134R) is investigated. Results and discussion The results demonstrate that confining the opsin to specific neuronal membrane compartments significantly improves excitability. An improvement is also achieved by focusing the light beam on the most excitable cell region. Moreover, the perpendicular orientation of the optical fiber relative to the somato-dendritic axis yields superior results. Inter-cell variability is observed, highlighting the importance of considering neuron degeneracy when designing optogenetic tools. Opsin confinement to the basal dendrites of the pyramidal cells renders the neuron the most excitable. A global sensitivity analysis identified opsin location and expression level as having the greatest impact on simulation outcomes. The error reduction of simulation outcome due to coupling of neuron modeling with light propagation is shown. The results promote spatial confinement and increased opsin expression levels as important improvement strategies. On the other hand, uncertainties in these parameters limit precise determination of the irradiance thresholds. This study provides valuable insights on optogenetic excitability of CA1 cells useful for the development of improved optogenetic stimulation protocols for, for instance, TLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Schoeters
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
- 4BRAIN, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tarnaud
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laila Weyn
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
- 4BRAIN, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Joseph
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4BRAIN, Department of Neurology, Institute for Neuroscience, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emmeric Tanghe
- WAVES, Department of Information Technology (INTEC), Ghent University/IMEC, Ghent, Belgium
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Tang Y, Yan Y, Mao J, Ni J, Qing H. The hippocampus associated GABAergic neural network impairment in early-stage of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 86:101865. [PMID: 36716975 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest neurodegenerative disease with slow progression. Pieces of evidence suggest that the GABAergic system is impaired in the early stage of AD, leading to hippocampal neuron over-activity and further leading to memory and cognitive impairment in patients with AD. However, the precise impairment mechanism of the GABAergic system on the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. The impairment of neural networks associated with the GABAergic system is tightly associated with AD. Therefore, we describe the roles played by hippocampus-related GABAergic circuits and their impairments in AD neuropathology. In addition, we give our understand on the process from GABAergic circuit impairment to cognitive and memory impairment, since recent studies on astrocyte in AD plays an important role behind cognition dysfunction caused by GABAergic circuit impairment, which helps better understand the GABAergic system and could open up innovative AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Mao
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Institute of China National Tobacco Company, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; Department of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518172, China.
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7
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Zaaimi B, Turnbull M, Hazra A, Wang Y, Gandara C, McLeod F, McDermott EE, Escobedo-Cousin E, Idil AS, Bailey RG, Tardio S, Patel A, Ponon N, Gausden J, Walsh D, Hutchings F, Kaiser M, Cunningham MO, Clowry GJ, LeBeau FEN, Constandinou TG, Baker SN, Donaldson N, Degenaar P, O'Neill A, Trevelyan AJ, Jackson A. Closed-loop optogenetic control of the dynamics of neural activity in non-human primates. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:559-575. [PMID: 36266536 PMCID: PMC7614485 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00945-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Electrical neurostimulation is effective in the treatment of neurological disorders, but associated recording artefacts generally limit its applications to open-loop stimuli. Real-time and continuous closed-loop control of brain activity can, however, be achieved by pairing concurrent electrical recordings and optogenetics. Here we show that closed-loop optogenetic stimulation with excitatory opsins enables the precise manipulation of neural dynamics in brain slices from transgenic mice and in anaesthetized non-human primates. The approach generates oscillations in quiescent tissue, enhances or suppresses endogenous patterns in active tissue and modulates seizure-like bursts elicited by the convulsant 4-aminopyridine. A nonlinear model of the phase-dependent effects of optical stimulation reproduced the modulation of cycles of local-field potentials associated with seizure oscillations, as evidenced by the systematic changes in the variability and entropy of the phase-space trajectories of seizures, which correlated with changes in their duration and intensity. We also show that closed-loop optogenetic neurostimulation could be delivered using intracortical optrodes incorporating light-emitting diodes. Closed-loop optogenetic approaches may be translatable to therapeutic applications in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Zaaimi
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Turnbull
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A Hazra
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Y Wang
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - C Gandara
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - F McLeod
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - E E McDermott
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - A Shah Idil
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - R G Bailey
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - S Tardio
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A Patel
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - N Ponon
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - J Gausden
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - D Walsh
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - F Hutchings
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - M Kaiser
- School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- NIHR, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - M O Cunningham
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G J Clowry
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - F E N LeBeau
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - T G Constandinou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - S N Baker
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - N Donaldson
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Degenaar
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A O'Neill
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A J Trevelyan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - A Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
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8
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Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhang M, Hou Z, Li S, Wang H, Wu XE, Zhang Y. In Situ Mineralizing Spinning of Strong and Tough Silk Fibers for Optical Waveguides. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5905-5912. [PMID: 36892421 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based optical waveguides with low-loss light guiding performance and good biocompatibility are highly desired for applications in biomedical photonic devices. Herein, we report the preparation of silk optical fiber waveguides through bioinspired in situ mineralizing spinning, which possess excellent mechanical properties and low light loss. Natural silk fibroin was used as the main precursor for the wet spinning of the regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) fibers. Calcium carbonate nanocrystals (CaCO3 NCs) were in situ grown in the RSF network and served as nucleation templates for mineralization during the spinning, leading to the formation of strong and tough fibers. CaCO3 NCs can guide the structure transformation of silk fibroin from random coils to β-sheets, contributing to enhanced mechanical properties. The tensile strength and toughness of the obtained fibers are up to 0.83 ± 0.15 GPa and 181.98 ± 52.42 MJ·m-3, obviously higher than those of natural silkworm silks and even comparable to spider silks. We further investigated the performance of the fibers as optical waveguides and observed a low light loss of 0.46 dB·cm-1, which is much lower than natural silk fibers. We believed that these silk-based fibers with excellent mechanical and light propagation properties are promising for applications in biomedical light imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing, 100072, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhishan Hou
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xun-En Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Stieve BJ, Smith MM, Krook-Magnuson E. LINCs Are Vulnerable to Epileptic Insult and Fail to Provide Seizure Control via On-Demand Activation. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0195-22.2022. [PMID: 36725340 PMCID: PMC9933934 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0195-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is notoriously pharmacoresistant, and identifying novel therapeutic targets for controlling seizures is crucial. Long-range inhibitory neuronal nitric oxide synthase-expressing cells (LINCs), a population of hippocampal neurons, were recently identified as a unique source of widespread inhibition in CA1, able to elicit both GABAA-mediated and GABAB-mediated postsynaptic inhibition. We therefore hypothesized that LINCs could be an effective target for seizure control. LINCs were optogenetically activated for on-demand seizure intervention in the intrahippocampal kainate (KA) mouse model of chronic TLE. Unexpectedly, LINC activation at 1 month post-KA did not substantially reduce seizure duration in either male or female mice. We tested two different sets of stimulation parameters, both previously found to be effective with on-demand optogenetic approaches, but neither was successful. Quantification of LINCs following intervention revealed a substantial reduction of LINC numbers compared with saline-injected controls. We also observed a decreased number of LINCs when the site of initial insult (i.e., KA injection) was moved to the amygdala [basolateral amygdala (BLA)-KA], and correspondingly, no effect of light delivery on BLA-KA seizures. This indicates that LINCs may be a vulnerable population in TLE, regardless of the site of initial insult. To determine whether long-term circuitry changes could influence outcomes, we continued testing once a month for up to 6 months post-KA. However, at no time point did LINC activation provide meaningful seizure suppression. Altogether, our results suggest that LINCs are not a promising target for seizure inhibition in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany J Stieve
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Madison M Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Esther Krook-Magnuson
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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10
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Yan M, Wang L, Wu Y, Wang L, Lu Y. Three-dimensional highly porous hydrogel scaffold for neural circuit dissection and modulation. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:252-262. [PMID: 36521677 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetic brain structures and artificial neural networks have provided a simplified strategy for quantitatively investigating the complex structural and functional characteristics of highly interconnected neural networks. To achieve this, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture approaches have attracted much attention, which can mimic cell-cell interactions at the organism level and help better understand the function of specific neurons and neuronal networks than traditional two-dimensional cell culture methods. However, 3D scaffolds similar to the natural extracellular matrix to support the culturing, recording, and manipulation of neurons have long been an unresolved challenge. To resolve this, 3D hydrogel scaffolds can be fabricated via an innovative thermal treatment followed by an esterification process. A highly porous microstructure was formed within the bulk hydrogel scaffold, which showed a high porosity of 91% and a low Young's modulus of 6.11 kPa. Due to the merits of the fabricated hydrogel scaffolds, we constructed 3D neural networks and detected spontaneous action potentials in vitro. We successfully induced seizure-like waveforms in 3D cultured neurons and suppressed hyperactivated discharges by selectively activating γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) interneurons. These results prove the advantages of our hydrogel scaffolds and demonstrate their application potential in the accurate dissection of neural circuits, which may help develop effective treatments for various neurological disorders. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: While 3D cell culture approaches have attracted much attention and offer more advantages than two-dimensional cell culture methods, 3D scaffolds similar to the natural extracellular matrix to support the culturing, recording, and manipulation of neurons have long been an unresolved challenge. Herein, we developed a simplified and low-cost strategy for fabricating highly porous and cytocompatible hydrogel scaffolds for the construction of three-dimensional (3D) neural networks in vitro. The cultured 3D neural networks can mimic the in vivo connection among different neuron subgroups and help accurately dissect and manipulate the structure and function of specific neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yiyong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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11
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Shuman T. Et tu, CA2: CA2 Is Hyperexcitable and Controls Seizures in a Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr 2023; 23:121-123. [PMID: 37122405 PMCID: PMC10131565 DOI: 10.1177/15357597221150068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
[Box: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Shuman
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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12
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Bauer J, Devinsky O, Rothermel M, Koch H. Autonomic dysfunction in epilepsy mouse models with implications for SUDEP research. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1040648. [PMID: 36686527 PMCID: PMC9853197 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1040648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy has a high prevalence and can severely impair quality of life and increase the risk of premature death. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the leading cause of death in drug-resistant epilepsy and most often results from respiratory and cardiac impairments due to brainstem dysfunction. Epileptic activity can spread widely, influencing neuronal activity in regions outside the epileptic network. The brainstem controls cardiorespiratory activity and arousal and reciprocally connects to cortical, diencephalic, and spinal cord areas. Epileptic activity can propagate trans-synaptically or via spreading depression (SD) to alter brainstem functions and cause cardiorespiratory dysfunction. The mechanisms by which seizures propagate to or otherwise impair brainstem function and trigger the cascading effects that cause SUDEP are poorly understood. We review insights from mouse models combined with new techniques to understand the pathophysiology of epilepsy and SUDEP. These techniques include in vivo, ex vivo, invasive and non-invasive methods in anesthetized and awake mice. Optogenetics combined with electrophysiological and optical manipulation and recording methods offer unique opportunities to study neuronal mechanisms under normal conditions, during and after non-fatal seizures, and in SUDEP. These combined approaches can advance our understanding of brainstem pathophysiology associated with seizures and SUDEP and may suggest strategies to prevent SUDEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Bauer
- Department of Epileptology and Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Markus Rothermel
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henner Koch
- Department of Epileptology and Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany,*Correspondence: Henner Koch ✉
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13
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Kang W, Ju C, Joo J, Lee J, Shon YM, Park SM. Closed-loop direct control of seizure focus in a rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsy via localized electric fields applied sequentially. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7805. [PMID: 36528681 PMCID: PMC9759546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electrical stimulation of the seizure focus can achieve the early termination of epileptic oscillations. However, direct intervention of the hippocampus, the most prevalent seizure focus in temporal lobe epilepsy is thought to be not practicable due to its large size and elongated shape. Here, in a rat model, we report a sequential narrow-field stimulation method for terminating seizures, while focusing stimulus energy at the spatially extensive hippocampal structure. The effects and regional specificity of this method were demonstrated via electrophysiological and biological responses. Our proposed modality demonstrates spatiotemporal preciseness and selectiveness for modulating the pathological target region which may have potential for further investigation as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonok Kang
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyang Ju
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesoon Joo
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XBiomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351 South Korea
| | - Jiho Lee
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Shon
- grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XBiomedical Engineering Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351 South Korea ,grid.264381.a0000 0001 2181 989XDepartment of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.49100.3c0000 0001 0742 4007Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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14
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Acharya AR, Larsen LE, Delbeke J, Wadman WJ, Vonck K, Meurs A, Boon P, Raedt R. In vivo inhibition of epileptiform afterdischarges in rat hippocampus by light-activated chloride channel, stGtACR2. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:907-916. [PMID: 36482869 PMCID: PMC9928558 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The blue light-sensitive chloride-conducting opsin, stGtACR2, provides potent optogenetic silencing of neurons. The present study investigated whether activation of stGtACR2 in granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) inhibits epileptic afterdischarges in a rat model. METHODS Rats were bilaterally injected with 0.9 μl of AAV2/7-CaMKIIα-stGtACR2-fusionred in the DG. Three weeks later, afterdischarges were recorded from the DG by placing an optrode at the injection site and a stimulation electrode in the perforant path (PP). Afterdischarges were evoked every 10 min by unilateral electrical stimulation of the PP (20 Hz, 10 s). During every other afterdischarge, the DG was illuminated for 5 or 30 s, first ipsilaterally and then bilaterally to the PP stimulation. The line length metric of the afterdischarges was compared between illumination conditions. RESULTS Ipsilateral stGtACR2 activation during afterdischarges decreased the local field potential line length only during illumination and specifically at the illuminated site but did not reduce afterdischarge duration. Bilateral illumination did not terminate the afterdischarges. CONCLUSION Optogenetic inhibition of excitatory neurons using the blue-light sensitive chloride channel stGtACR2 reduced the amplitude of electrically induced afterdischarges in the DG at the site of illumination, but this local inhibitory effect was insufficient to reduce the duration of the afterdischarge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh R. Acharya
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Lars Emil Larsen
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Jean Delbeke
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Wytse J. Wadman
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Kristl Vonck
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Alfred Meurs
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Paul Boon
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Robrecht Raedt
- 4BRAIN Team, Department of Head and Skin, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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15
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Zhong C, Wang L, Cao Y, Sun C, Huang J, Wang X, Pan S, He S, Huang K, Lu Z, Xu F, Lu Y, Wang L. A neural circuit from the dorsal CA3 to the dorsomedial hypothalamus mediates balance between risk exploration and defense. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111570. [PMID: 36323263 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An appropriate balance between explorative and defensive behavior is essential for the survival and reproduction of prey animals in risky environments. However, the neural circuit and mechanism that allow for such a balance remains poorly understood. Here, we use a semi-naturalistic predator threat test (PTT) to observe and quantify the defense-exploration balance, especially risk exploration behavior in mice. During the PTT, the activity of the putative dorsal CA3 glutamatergic neurons (dCA3Glu) is suppressed by predatory threat and risk exploration, whereas the neurons are activated during contextual exploration. Moreover, optogenetic excitation of these neurons induces a significant increase in risk exploration. A circuit, comprising the dorsal CA3, dorsal lateral septal, and dorsomedial hypothalamic (dCA3Glu-dLSGABA-DMH) areas, may be involved. Moreover, activation of the dCA3Glu-dLSGABA-DMH circuit promotes the switch from defense to risk exploration and suppresses threat-induced increase in arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chongyang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Suwan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shuyu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; Center for Brain Science, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Jing J, Dunbar C, Sonesra A, Chavez A, Park S, Yang R, Soh H, Lee M, Tzingounis AV, Cooper EC, Jiang X, Maheshwari A. Removal of KCNQ2 from parvalbumin-expressing interneurons improves anti-seizure efficacy of retigabine. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114141. [PMID: 35691372 PMCID: PMC9899633 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anti-seizure drug (ASD) targets are widely expressed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. It remains unknown if the action of an ASD upon inhibitory neurons could counteract its beneficial effects on excitatory neurons (or vice versa), thereby reducing the efficacy of the ASD. Here, we examine whether the efficacy of the ASD retigabine (RTG) is altered after removal of the Kv7 potassium channel subunit KCNQ2, one of its drug targets, from parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs). Parvalbumin-Cre (PV-Cre) mice were crossed with Kcnq2-floxed (Kcnq2fl/fl) mice to conditionally delete Kcnq2 from PV-INs. In these conditional knockout mice (cKO, PV-Kcnq2fl/fl), RTG (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly delayed the onset of either picrotoxin (PTX, 10 mg/kg, i.p)- or kainic acid (KA, 30 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced convulsive seizures compared to vehicle, while RTG was not effective in wild-type littermates (WT). Immunostaining for KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 revealed that both subunits were enriched at axon initial segments (AISs) of hippocampal CA1 PV-INs, and their specific expression was selectively abolished in cKO mice. Accordingly, the M-currents recorded from CA1 PV-INs and their sensitivity to RTG were significantly reduced in cKO mice. While the ability of RTG to suppress CA1 excitatory neurons in hippocampal slices was unchanged in cKO mice, its suppressive effect on the spike activity of CA1 PV-INs was significantly reduced compared with WT mice. In addition, the RTG-induced suppression on intrinsic membrane excitability of PV-INs in WT mice was significantly reduced in cKO mice. These findings suggest that preventing RTG from suppressing PV-INs improves its anticonvulsant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhan Jing
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Corrinne Dunbar
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Alina Sonesra
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Ana Chavez
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Suhyeorn Park
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Ryan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Heun Soh
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Maxwell Lee
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Anastasios V Tzingounis
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Edward C Cooper
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Xiaolong Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
| | - Atul Maheshwari
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America.
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17
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Liu R, Sun L, Wang Y, Jia M, Wang Q, Cai X, Wu J. Double-edged Role of K Na Channels in Brain Tuning: Identifying Epileptogenic Network Micro-Macro Disconnection. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:916-928. [PMID: 34911427 PMCID: PMC9881102 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211215104829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is commonly recognized as a disease driven by generalized hyperexcited and hypersynchronous neural activity. Sodium-activated potassium channels (KNa channels), which are encoded by the Slo 2.2 and Slo 2.1 genes, are widely expressed in the central nervous system and considered as "brakes" to adjust neuronal adaptation through regulating action potential threshold or after-hyperpolarization under physiological condition. However, the variants in KNa channels, especially gain-of-function variants, have been found in several childhood epileptic conditions. Most previous studies focused on mapping the epileptic network on the macroscopic scale while ignoring the value of microscopic changes. Notably, paradoxical role of KNa channels working on individual neuron/microcircuit and the macroscopic epileptic expression highlights the importance of understanding epileptogenic network through combining microscopic and macroscopic methods. Here, we first illustrated the molecular and physiological function of KNa channels on preclinical seizure models and patients with epilepsy. Next, we summarized current hypothesis on the potential role of KNa channels during seizures to provide essential insight into what emerged as a micro-macro disconnection at different levels. Additionally, we highlighted the potential utility of KNa channels as therapeutic targets for developing innovative anti-seizure medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Liu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-18062552085; E-mail: Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-13319285082; E-mail:
| | - Jianping Wu
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China;,Address correspondence to these authors at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-18062552085; E-mail: Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Tel: +0086-13319285082; E-mail:
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18
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You C, Yao L, Yao P, Li L, Ding P, Liang S, Liu C, Xue N. An iEEG Recording and Adjustable Shunt-Current Conduction Platform for Epilepsy Treatment. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040247. [PMID: 35448307 PMCID: PMC9032513 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a compact bioelectronics sensing platform, including a multi-channel electrode, intracranial electroencephalogram (iEEG) recorder, adjustable galvanometer, and shunt-current conduction circuit pathway. The developed implantable electrode made of polyurethane-insulated stainless-steel materials is capable of recording iEEG signals and shunt-current conduction. The electrochemical impedance of the conduction, ground/reference, and working electrode were characterized in phosphate buffer saline solution, revealing in vitro results of 517.2 Ω@1 kHz (length of 0.1 mm, diameter of 0.8 mm), 1.374 kΩ@1 kHz (length of 0.3 mm, diameter of 0.1 mm), and 3.188 kΩ@1 kHz (length of 0.1 mm, diameter of 0.1 mm), respectively. On-bench measurement of the system revealed that the input noise of the system is less than 2 μVrms, the signal frequency bandwidth range is 1 Hz~10 kHz, and the shunt-current detection range is 0.1~3000 μA with an accuracy of above 99.985%. The electrode was implanted in the CA1 region of the right hippocampus of rats for the in vivo experiments. Kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures were detected through iEEG monitoring, and the induced shunt-current was successfully measured and conducted out of the brain through the designed circuit-body path, which verifies the potential of current conduction for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhua You
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (C.Y.); (P.Y.); (C.L.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei Yao
- School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
| | - Pan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (C.Y.); (P.Y.); (C.L.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Li
- SPF Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102100, China;
| | - Ping Ding
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; (P.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Shuli Liang
- Functional Neurosurgery Department, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; (P.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Chunxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (C.Y.); (P.Y.); (C.L.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ning Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute (AIR), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (C.Y.); (P.Y.); (C.L.)
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Mattis J, Somarowthu A, Goff KM, Jiang E, Yom J, Sotuyo N, Mcgarry LM, Feng H, Kaneko K, Goldberg EM. Corticohippocampal circuit dysfunction in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome. eLife 2022; 11:e69293. [PMID: 35212623 PMCID: PMC8920506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder due to pathogenic variants in SCN1A encoding the Nav1.1 sodium channel subunit, characterized by treatment-resistant epilepsy, temperature-sensitive seizures, developmental delay/intellectual disability with features of autism spectrum disorder, and increased risk of sudden death. Convergent data suggest hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) pathology in DS (Scn1a+/-) mice. We performed two-photon calcium imaging in brain slice to uncover a profound dysfunction of filtering of perforant path input by DG in young adult Scn1a+/- mice. This was not due to dysfunction of DG parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons (PV-INs), which were only mildly impaired at this timepoint; however, we identified enhanced excitatory input to granule cells, suggesting that circuit dysfunction is due to excessive excitation rather than impaired inhibition. We confirmed that both optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal cortex and selective chemogenetic inhibition of DG PV-INs lowered seizure threshold in vivo in young adult Scn1a+/- mice. Optogenetic activation of PV-INs, on the other hand, normalized evoked responses in granule cells in vitro. These results establish the corticohippocampal circuit as a key locus of pathology in Scn1a+/- mice and suggest that PV-INs retain powerful inhibitory function and may be harnessed as a potential therapeutic approach toward seizure modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Mattis
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ala Somarowthu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Kevin M Goff
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Evan Jiang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Jina Yom
- College of Arts and Sciences, The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Nathaniel Sotuyo
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Laura M Mcgarry
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Huijie Feng
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Keisuke Kaneko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, The Perelman School of Medicine at The University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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20
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Sun C, Cao Y, Huang J, Huang K, Lu Y, Zhong C. Low-cost and easy-fabrication lightweight drivable electrode array for multiple-regions electrophysiological recording in free-moving mice. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 34996053 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac494e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extracellular electrophysiology has been widely applied to neural circuit dissections. However, long-term multiregional recording in free-moving mice remains a challenge. Low-cost and easy-fabrication of elaborate drivable electrodes is required for their prevalence. APPROACH A three-layer nested construct (OD ~1.80 mm, length ~10 mm, <0.1g) was recruited as a drivable component, which consisted of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) heat-shrinkable tube, non-closed loop ceramic bushing, and stainless ferrule with a bulge twining silver wire. The supporting and working components were equipped with drivable components to be assembled into a drivable microwire electrode array with a nested structure (drivable MEANS). Two drivable microwire electrode arrays were independently implanted for chronic recording in different brain areas at respective angles. An optic fiber was easily loaded into the drivable MEANS to achieve optogenetic modulation and electrophysiological recording simultaneously. MAIN RESULTS The drivable MEANS had lightweight (~ 0.37 g), small (~ 15 mm ×15 mm × 4 mm), and low cost (≤ $64.62). Two drivable MEANS were simultaneously implanted in mice, and high-quality electrophysiological recordings could be applied ≥ 5 months after implantation in freely behaving animals. Electrophysiological recordings and analysis of the lateral septum (LS) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) in food-seeking behavior demonstrated that our drivable MEANS can be used to dissect the function of neural circuits. An optical fiber-integrated drivable MEANS (~ 0.47 g) was used to stimulate and record LS neurons, which suggested that changes in working components can achieve more functions than electrophysiological recordings, such as optical stimulation, drug release, and calcium imaging. SIGNIFICANCE Drivable MEANS is an easily fabricated, lightweight drivable microwire electrode array for multiple-region electrophysiological recording in free-moving mice. Our design is likely to be a valuable platform for both current and prospective users, as well as for developers of multifunctional electrodes for free-moving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Yi Cao
- University of Science and Technology of China, No.96, JinZhai Road Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, CHINA
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Kang Huang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Yi Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, CHINA
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Boulevard, University Town of Shenzhen, Xili Nanshan, Beijing, 100864, CHINA
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21
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Hou Q, Wang L, Xiao F, Wang L, Liu X, Zhu L, Lu Y, Zheng W, Jiang X. Dual targeting nanoparticles for epilepsy therapy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12913-12920. [DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-targeting nanoparticles containing D-T7 peptide and Tet1 peptide were designed for carrying lamotrigine (LTG) to cross the blood–brain barrier and further concentrate at the epilepsy lesions for treating epilepsy with high biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghong Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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22
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Földi T, Lőrincz ML, Berényi A. Temporally Targeted Interactions With Pathologic Oscillations as Therapeutical Targets in Epilepsy and Beyond. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:784085. [PMID: 34955760 PMCID: PMC8693222 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.784085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-organized neuronal oscillations rely on precisely orchestrated ensemble activity in reverberating neuronal networks. Chronic, non-malignant disorders of the brain are often coupled to pathological neuronal activity patterns. In addition to the characteristic behavioral symptoms, these disturbances are giving rise to both transient and persistent changes of various brain rhythms. Increasing evidence support the causal role of these "oscillopathies" in the phenotypic emergence of the disease symptoms, identifying neuronal network oscillations as potential therapeutic targets. While the kinetics of pharmacological therapy is not suitable to compensate the disease related fine-scale disturbances of network oscillations, external biophysical modalities (e.g., electrical stimulation) can alter spike timing in a temporally precise manner. These perturbations can warp rhythmic oscillatory patterns via resonance or entrainment. Properly timed phasic stimuli can even switch between the stable states of networks acting as multistable oscillators, substantially changing the emergent oscillatory patterns. Novel transcranial electric stimulation (TES) approaches offer more reliable neuronal control by allowing higher intensities with tolerable side-effect profiles. This precise temporal steerability combined with the non- or minimally invasive nature of these novel TES interventions make them promising therapeutic candidates for functional disorders of the brain. Here we review the key experimental findings and theoretical background concerning various pathological aspects of neuronal network activity leading to the generation of epileptic seizures. The conceptual and practical state of the art of temporally targeted brain stimulation is discussed focusing on the prevention and early termination of epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Földi
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Neurocybernetics Excellence Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HCEMM-USZ Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of the Child Health Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Magor L Lőrincz
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Neurocybernetics Excellence Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Neuroscience Division, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Antal Berényi
- MTA-SZTE "Momentum" Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Neurocybernetics Excellence Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,HCEMM-USZ Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY, United States
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23
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Cao Y, Pan S, Yan M, Sun C, Huang J, Zhong C, Wang L, Yi L. Flexible and stretchable polymer optical fibers for chronic brain and vagus nerve optogenetic stimulations in free-behaving animals. BMC Biol 2021; 19:252. [PMID: 34819062 PMCID: PMC8611887 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although electrical stimulation of the peripheral and central nervous systems has attracted much attention owing to its potential therapeutic effects on neuropsychiatric diseases, its non-cell-type-specific activation characteristics may hinder its wide clinical application. Unlike electrical methodologies, optogenetics has more recently been applied as a cell-specific approach for precise modulation of neural functions in vivo, for instance on the vagus nerve. The commonly used implantable optical waveguides are silica optical fibers, which for brain optogenetic stimulation (BOS) are usually fixed on the skull bone. However, due to the huge mismatch of mechanical properties between the stiff optical implants and deformable vagal tissues, vagus nerve optogenetic stimulation (VNOS) in free-behaving animals continues to be a great challenge. Results To resolve this issue, we developed a simplified method for the fabrication of flexible and stretchable polymer optical fibers (POFs), which show significantly improved characteristics for in vivo optogenetic applications, specifically a low Young’s modulus, high stretchability, improved biocompatibility, and long-term stability. We implanted the POFs into the primary motor cortex of C57 mice after the expression of CaMKIIα-ChR2-mCherry detected frequency-dependent neuronal activity and the behavioral changes during light delivery. The viability of POFs as implantable waveguides for VNOS was verified by the increased firing rate of the fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons recorded in the left vagus nerve of VGAT-ChR2 transgenic mice. Furthermore, VNOS was carried out in free-moving rodents via chronically implanted POFs, and an inhibitory influence on the cardiac system and an anxiolytic effect on behaviors was shown. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of the use of POFs in chronic optogenetic modulations in both of the central and peripheral nervous systems, providing new information for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Suwan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengying Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chongyang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianyu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Lu Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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24
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Deficits in Behavioral and Neuronal Pattern Separation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neurosci 2021; 41:9669-9686. [PMID: 34620720 PMCID: PMC8612476 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2439-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In temporal lobe epilepsy, the ability of the dentate gyrus to limit excitatory cortical input to the hippocampus breaks down, leading to seizures. The dentate gyrus is also thought to help discriminate between similar memories by performing pattern separation, but whether epilepsy leads to a breakdown in this neural computation, and thus to mnemonic discrimination impairments, remains unknown. Here we show that temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by behavioral deficits in mnemonic discrimination tasks, in both humans (females and males) and mice (C57Bl6 males, systemic low-dose kainate model). Using a recently developed assay in brain slices of the same epileptic mice, we reveal a decreased ability of the dentate gyrus to perform certain forms of pattern separation. This is because of a subset of granule cells with abnormal bursting that can develop independently of early EEG abnormalities. Overall, our results linking physiology, computation, and cognition in the same mice advance our understanding of episodic memory mechanisms and their dysfunction in epilepsy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT People with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) often have learning and memory impairments, sometimes occurring earlier than the first seizure, but those symptoms and their biological underpinnings are poorly understood. We focused on the dentate gyrus, a brain region that is critical to avoid confusion between similar memories and is anatomically disorganized in TLE. We show that both humans and mice with TLE experience confusion between similar situations. This impairment coincides with a failure of the dentate gyrus to disambiguate similar input signals because of pathologic bursting in a subset of neurons. Our work bridges seizure-oriented and memory-oriented views of the dentate gyrus function, suggests a mechanism for cognitive symptoms in TLE, and supports a long-standing hypothesis of episodic memory theories.
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25
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Liu DD, Lauro PM, Phillips RK, Leary OP, Zheng B, Roth JL, Blum AS, Segar DJ, Asaad WF. Two-trajectory laser amygdalohippocampotomy: Anatomic modeling and initial seizure outcomes. Epilepsia 2021; 62:2344-2356. [PMID: 34338302 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is typically performed with one trajectory to target the medial temporal lobe (MTL). MTL structures such as piriform and entorhinal cortex are epileptogenic, but due to their relative geometry, they are difficult to target with one trajectory while simultaneously maintaining adequate ablation of the amygdala and hippocampus. We hypothesized that a two-trajectory approach could improve ablation of all relevant MTL structures. First, we created large-scale computer simulations to compare idealized one- vs two-trajectory approaches. A two-trajectory approach was then validated in an initial cohort of patients. METHODS We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to create subject-specific target structures consisting of hippocampus, amygdala, and piriform/entorhinal/perirhinal cortex. An algorithm searched for safe potential trajectories along the hippocampal axis (catheter one) and along the amygdala-piriform axis (catheter two) and compared this to a single trajectory optimized over all structures. The proportion of each structure ablated at various burn radii was evaluated. A cohort of 11 consecutive patients with mTLE received two-trajectory LITT; demographic, operative, and outcome data were collected. RESULTS The two-trajectory approach was superior to the one-trajectory approach at nearly all burn radii for all hippocampal subfields and amygdala nuclei (p < .05). Two-laser trajectories achieved full ablation of MTL cortical structures at physiologically realistic burn radii, whereas one-laser trajectories could not. Five patients with at least 1 year of follow-up (mean = 21.8 months) experienced Engel class I outcomes; 6 patients with less than 1 year of follow-up (mean = 6.6 months) are on track for Engel class I outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE Our anatomic analyses and initial clinical results suggest that LITT amygdalohippocampotomy performed via two-laser trajectories may promote excellent seizure outcomes. Future studies are required to validate the long-term clinical efficacy and safety of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Peter M Lauro
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ronald K Phillips
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Owen P Leary
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bryan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Julie L Roth
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew S Blum
- Department of Neurology, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - David J Segar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wael F Asaad
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Norman Prince Neurosciences Institute, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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26
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Murugappan SK, Hasan M, Lei Z, Iqbal Z, Ramkrishnan AS, Wong HY, Li Y. Trigeminal neuropathy causes hypomyelination in the anterior cingulate cortex, disrupts the synchrony of neural circuitry, and impairs decision-making in male rats. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2721-2742. [PMID: 34323312 PMCID: PMC8596863 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infraorbital nerve‐chronic constriction injury (ION‐CCI) has become the most popular chronic trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) injury animal model which causes prolonged mechanical allodynia. Accumulative evidence suggests that TNP interferes with cognitive functions, however the underlying mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to investigate decision‐making performance as well as synaptic and large‐scale neural synchronized alterations in the spinal trigeminal nucleus (SpV) circuitry and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) neural circuitry in male rats with TNP. Rat gambling task showed that ION‐CCI led to decrease the proportion of good decision makers and increase the proportion of poor decision makers. Electrophysiological recordings showed long‐lasting synaptic potentiation of local field potential in the trigeminal ganglia‐SpV caudalis (SpVc) synapses in TNP rats. In this study, TNP led to disruption of ACC spike timing and basolateral amygdala (BLA) theta oscillation associated with suppressed synchronization of theta oscillation between the BLA and ACC, indicating reduced neuronal communications. Myelination is critical for information flow between brain regions, and myelin plasticity is an important feature for learning. Neural activity in the cortical regions impacts myelination by regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation, differentiation, and myelin formation. We characterized newly formed oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, and mature OLs are reduced in TNP and are associated with reduced myelin strength in the ACC region. The functional disturbances in the BLA‐ACC neural circuitry is pathologically associated with the myelin defects in the ACC region which may be relevant causes for the deficits in decision‐making in chronic TNP state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh K Murugappan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Aruna S Ramkrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Heung Y Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, P.R. China.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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27
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Tse K, Beamer E, Simpson D, Beynon RJ, Sills GJ, Thippeswamy T. The Impacts of Surgery and Intracerebral Electrodes in C57BL/6J Mouse Kainate Model of Epileptogenesis: Seizure Threshold, Proteomics, and Cytokine Profiles. Front Neurol 2021; 12:625017. [PMID: 34322075 PMCID: PMC8312573 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.625017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used to study epileptogenesis and epilepsy in experimental models. Chronic gliosis and neurodegeneration at the injury site are known to be associated with surgically implanted electrodes in both humans and experimental models. Currently, however, there are no reports on the impact of intracerebral electrodes on proteins in the hippocampus and proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebral cortex and plasma in experimental models. We used an unbiased, label-free proteomics approach to identify the altered proteins in the hippocampus, and multiplex assay for cytokines in the cerebral cortex and plasma of C57BL/6J mice following bilateral surgical implantation of electrodes into the cerebral hemispheres. Seven days following surgery, a repeated low dose kainate (KA) regimen was followed to induce status epilepticus (SE). Surgical implantation of electrodes reduced the amount of KA necessary to induce SE by 50%, compared with mice without surgery. Tissues were harvested 7 days post-SE (i.e., 14 days post-surgery) and compared with vehicle-treated mice. Proteomic profiling showed more proteins (103, 6.8% of all proteins identified) with significantly changed expression (p < 0.01) driven by surgery than by KA treatment itself without surgery (27, 1.8% of all proteins identified). Further, electrode implantation approximately doubled the number of KA-induced changes in protein expression (55, 3.6% of all identified proteins). Further analysis revealed that intracerebral electrodes and KA altered the expression of proteins associated with epileptogenesis such as inflammation (C1q system), neurodegeneration (cystatin-C, galectin-1, cathepsin B, heat-shock protein 25), blood–brain barrier dysfunction (fibrinogen-α, serum albumin, α2 macroglobulin), and gliosis (vimentin, GFAP, filamin-A). The multiplex assay revealed a significant increase in key cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL12p70, IFN-γ, and KC/GRO in the cerebral cortex and some in the plasma in the surgery group. Overall, these findings demonstrate that surgical implantation of depth electrodes alters some of the molecules that may have a role in epileptogenesis in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tse
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Beamer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Simpson
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J Beynon
- Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme J Sills
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Thimmasettappa Thippeswamy
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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28
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Zhen ZH, Guo MR, Li HM, Guo OY, Zhen JL, Fu J, Tan GJ. Normal and Abnormal Sharp Wave Ripples in the Hippocampal-Entorhinal Cortex System: Implications for Memory Consolidation, Alzheimer's Disease, and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:683483. [PMID: 34262446 PMCID: PMC8273653 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.683483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The appearance of hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) is an electrophysiological biomarker for episodic memory encoding and behavioral planning. Disturbed SWRs are considered a sign of neural network dysfunction that may provide insights into the structural connectivity changes associated with cognitive impairment in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). SWRs originating from hippocampus have been extensively studied during spatial navigation in rodents, and more recent studies have investigated SWRs in the hippocampal-entorhinal cortex (HPC-EC) system during a variety of other memory-guided behaviors. Understanding how SWR disruption impairs memory function, especially episodic memory, could aid in the development of more efficacious therapeutics for AD and TLE. In this review, we first provide an overview of the reciprocal association between AD and TLE, and then focus on the functions of HPC-EC system SWRs in episodic memory consolidation. It is posited that these waveforms reflect rapid network interactions among excitatory projection neurons and local interneurons and that these waves may contribute to synaptic plasticity underlying memory consolidation. Further, SWRs appear altered or ectopic in AD and TLE. These waveforms may thus provide clues to understanding disease pathogenesis and may even serve as biomarkers for early-stage disease progression and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Zhen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mo-Ran Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - He-Ming Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ou-Yang Guo
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jun-Li Zhen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo-Jun Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Neurological Laboratory of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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29
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Hristova K, Martinez-Gonzalez C, Watson TC, Codadu NK, Hashemi K, Kind PC, Nolan MF, Gonzalez-Sulser A. Medial septal GABAergic neurons reduce seizure duration upon optogenetic closed-loop stimulation. Brain 2021; 144:1576-1589. [PMID: 33769452 PMCID: PMC8219369 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizures can emerge from multiple or large foci in temporal lobe epilepsy, complicating focally targeted strategies such as surgical resection or the modulation of the activity of specific hippocampal neuronal populations through genetic or optogenetic techniques. Here, we evaluate a strategy in which optogenetic activation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, which provide extensive projections throughout the hippocampus, is used to control seizures. We utilized the chronic intrahippocampal kainate mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy, which results in spontaneous seizures and as is often the case in human patients, presents with hippocampal sclerosis. Medial septal GABAergic neuron populations were immunohistochemically labelled and were not reduced in epileptic conditions. Genetic labelling with mRuby of medial septal GABAergic neuron synaptic puncta and imaging across the rostral to caudal extent of the hippocampus, also indicated an unchanged number of putative synapses in epilepsy. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of medial septal GABAergic neurons consistently modulated oscillations across multiple hippocampal locations in control and epileptic conditions. Finally, wireless optogenetic stimulation of medial septal GABAergic neurons, upon electrographic detection of spontaneous hippocampal seizures, resulted in reduced seizure durations. We propose medial septal GABAergic neurons as a novel target for optogenetic control of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hristova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cristina Martinez-Gonzalez
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas C Watson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neela K Codadu
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Peter C Kind
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew F Nolan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alfredo Gonzalez-Sulser
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Simons Initiative for the Developing
Brain, Patrick Wild Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain and Patrick Wild Centre, University
of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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30
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Han DH, Park P, Choi DI, Bliss TVP, Kaang BK. The essence of the engram: Cellular or synaptic? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 125:122-135. [PMID: 34103208 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Memory is composed of various phases including cellular consolidation, systems consolidation, reconsolidation, and extinction. In the last few years it has been shown that simple association memories can be encoded by a subset of the neuronal population called engram cells. Activity of these cells is necessary and sufficient for the recall of association memory. However, it is unclear which molecular mechanisms allow cellular engrams to encode the diverse phases of memory. Further research is needed to examine the possibility that it is the synapses between engram cells (the synaptic engram) that constitute the memory. In this review we summarize recent findings on cellular engrams with a focus on different phases of memory, and discuss the distinct molecular mechanism required for cellular and synaptic engrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Hee Han
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Pojeong Park
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Il Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim V P Bliss
- Group leader emeritus, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, Somers Town, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Duffy BA, Choy M, Lee JH. Predicting Successful Generation and Inhibition of Seizure-like Afterdischarges and Mapping Their Seizure Networks Using fMRI. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2540-2554.e4. [PMID: 32101734 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the conditions necessary to initiate and terminate seizures, we investigate optogenetically induced hippocampal seizures with LFP, fMRI, and optogenetic inhibition. During afterdischarge induction using optogenetics, LFP recordings show that stimulations with earlier ictal onset times are more likely to result in afterdischarges and are more difficult to curtail with optogenetic inhibition. These results are generalizable across two initiation sites, the dorsal and ventral hippocampus. fMRI shows that afterdischarges initiated from the dorsal or ventral hippocampus exhibit distinct networks. Short-duration seizures initiated in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus are unilateral and bilateral, respectively, while longer-duration afterdischarges recruit broader, bilateral networks. When optogenetic inhibition is ineffective at stopping seizures, the network activity spreads more extensively but largely overlaps with the network activity associated with seizures that could be curtailed. These results provide insights into how seizures can be inhibited, which has implications for targeted seizure interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben A Duffy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - ManKin Choy
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jin Hyung Lee
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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32
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Application of Optogenetics in Epilepsy Research. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33398842 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-8763-4_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a disease characterized by seizures arising from paroxysmal and self-limited hypersynchrony of neurons. However, the mechanism by which the normal brain develops epilepsy, which involves a chronic process of structural and morphological changes known as epileptogenesis, is not fully understood. Optogenetics involves the use of genetic engineering and optics to monitor or control nerve cell activity. Compared to classical electrophysiological experiments, the application of optogenetics in epilepsy research has many advantages because it allows selective photic stimulation of cell types and electrical observation without introducing artifacts.
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Hao J, Cui Y, Niu B, Yu L, Lin Y, Xia Y, Yao D, Guo D. Roles of Very Fast Ripple (500-1000[Formula: see text]Hz) in the Hippocampal Network During Status Epilepticus. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 31:2150002. [PMID: 33357153 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065721500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Very fast ripples (VFRs, 500-1000[Formula: see text]Hz) are considered more specific than high-frequency oscillations (80-500[Formula: see text]Hz) as biomarkers of epileptogenic zones. Although VFRs are frequent abnormal phenomena in epileptic seizures, their functional roles remain unclear. Here, we detected the VFRs in the hippocampal network and tracked their roles during status epilepticus (SE) in rats with pilocarpine-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). All regions in the hippocampal network exhibited VFRs in the baseline, preictal, ictal and postictal states, with the ictal state containing the most VFRs. Moreover, strong phase-locking couplings existed between VFRs and slow oscillations (1-12[Formula: see text]Hz) in the ictal and postictal states for all regions. Further investigation indicated that during VFRs, the build-up of slow oscillations in the ictal state began from the temporal lobe and then spread through the whole hippocampal network via two different pathways, which might be associated with the underlying propagation of epileptiform discharges in the hippocampal network. Overall, we provide a functional description of the emergence of VFRs in the hippocampal network during SE, and we also establish that VFRs may be the physiological representation of the pathological alterations in hippocampal network activity during SE in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Hao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Bochao Niu
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical, Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Lin
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Yang Xia
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China.,School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Daqing Guo
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, Center for Information in Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic, Science and Technology of China, Chengdu Sichuan 611731, P. R. China
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34
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Paschen E, Elgueta C, Heining K, Vieira DM, Kleis P, Orcinha C, Häussler U, Bartos M, Egert U, Janz P, Haas CA. Hippocampal low-frequency stimulation prevents seizure generation in a mouse model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. eLife 2020; 9:54518. [PMID: 33349333 PMCID: PMC7800381 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most common form of focal, pharmacoresistant epilepsy in adults and is often associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Here, we established the efficacy of optogenetic and electrical low-frequency stimulation (LFS) in interfering with seizure generation in a mouse model of MTLE. Specifically, we applied LFS in the sclerotic hippocampus to study the effects on spontaneous subclinical and evoked generalized seizures. We found that stimulation at 1 Hz for 1 hr resulted in an almost complete suppression of spontaneous seizures in both hippocampi. This seizure-suppressive action during daily stimulation remained stable over several weeks. Furthermore, LFS for 30 min before a pro-convulsive stimulus successfully prevented seizure generalization. Finally, acute slice experiments revealed a reduced efficacy of perforant path transmission onto granule cells upon LFS. Taken together, our results suggest that hippocampal LFS constitutes a promising approach for seizure control in MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enya Paschen
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Elgueta
- Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Heining
- Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Diego M Vieira
- Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Piret Kleis
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catarina Orcinha
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Häussler
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Bartos
- Systemic and Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute for Physiology I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Egert
- Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering - IMTEK, Faculty of Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Janz
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Center for Basics in NeuroModulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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35
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Yang YC, Wang GH, Chuang AY, Hsueh SW. Perampanel reduces paroxysmal depolarizing shift and inhibitory synaptic input in excitatory neurons to inhibit epileptic network oscillations. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:5177-5194. [PMID: 32901915 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Perampanel is a newly approved anticonvulsant uniquely targeting AMPA receptors, which mediate the most abundant form of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. However, the network mechanism underlying the anti-epileptic effect of the AMPAergic inhibition remains to be explored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The mechanism of perampanel action was studied with the basolateral amygdala network containing pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal resonators in seizure models of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and electrical kindling. KEY RESULTS Application of either 4-AP or electrical kindling to the basolateral amygdala readily induces AMPAergic transmission-dependent reverberating activities between pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal resonators, which are chiefly characterized by burst discharges in inhibitory neurons and corresponding recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal neurons. Perampanel reduces post-kindling "paroxysmal depolarizing shift" especially in pyramidal neurons and, counterintuitively, eliminates burst activities in inhibitory neurons and inhibitory synaptic inputs onto excitatory pyramidal neurons to result in prevention of epileptiform discharges and seizure behaviours. Intriguingly, similar effects can be obtained with not only the AMPA receptor antagonist CNQX but also the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline, which is usually considered as a proconvulsant. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Ictogenesis depends on the AMPA receptor-dependent recruitment of pyramidal-inhibitory neuronal network oscillations tuned by dynamic glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission. The anticonvulsant effect of perampanel then stems from disruption of the coordinated network activities rather than simply decreased neuronal excitability or excitatory transmission. Positive or negative modulation of epileptic network reverberations may be pro-ictogenic or anti-ictogenic, respectively, constituting a more applicable rationale for the therapy against seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chin Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Yu Chuang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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36
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Chen G, Wang G, Tan X, Hou K, Meng Q, Zhao P, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhou Z, Chen T, Cheng Y, Hsiao BS, Reichmanis E, Zhu M. Integrated dynamic wet spinning of core-sheath hydrogel fibers for optical-to-brain/tissue communications. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa209. [PMID: 34691723 PMCID: PMC8433079 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel optical light-guides have received substantial interest for applications such as deep-tissue biosensors, optogenetic stimulation and photomedicine due to their biocompatibility, (micro)structure control and tissue-like Young's modulus. However, despite recent developments, large-scale fabrication with a continuous synthetic methodology, which could produce core-sheath hydrogel fibers with the desired optical and mechanical properties suitable for deep-tissue applications, has yet to be achieved. In this study, we report a versatile concept of integrated light-triggered dynamic wet spinning capable of continuously producing core-sheath hydrogel optical fibers with tunable fiber diameters, and mechanical and optical propagation properties. Furthermore, this concept also exhibited versatility for various kinds of core-sheath functional fibers. The wet spinning synthetic procedure and fabrication process were optimized with the rational design of the core/sheath material interface compatibility [core = poly(ethylene glycol diacrylate-co-acrylamide); sheath = Ca-alginate], optical transparency, refractive index and spinning solution viscosity. The resulting hydrogel optical fibers exhibited desirable low optical attenuation (0.18 ± 0.01 dB cm−1 with 650 nm laser light), excellent biocompatibility and tissue-like Young's modulus (<2.60 MPa). The optical waveguide hydrogel fibers were successfully employed for deep-tissue cancer therapy and brain optogenetic stimulation, confirming that they could serve as an efficient versatile tool for diverse deep-tissue therapy and brain optogenetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinrong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qingshuo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Elsa Reichmanis
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Chen H, Wang L, Lu Y, Du X. Bioinspired microcone-array-based living biointerfaces: enhancing the anti-inflammatory effect and neuronal network formation. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2020; 6:58. [PMID: 34567669 PMCID: PMC8433467 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-020-0172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Implantable neural interfaces and systems have attracted much attention due to their broad applications in treating diverse neuropsychiatric disorders. However, obtaining a long-term reliable implant-neural interface is extremely important but remains an urgent challenge due to the resulting acute inflammatory responses. Here, bioinspired microcone-array-based (MA) interfaces have been successfully designed, and their cytocompatibility with neurons and the inflammatory response have been explored. Compared with smooth control samples, MA structures cultured with neuronal cells result in much denser extending neurites, which behave similar to creepers, wrapping tightly around the microcones to form complex and interconnected neuronal networks. After further implantation in mouse brains for 6 weeks, the MA probes (MAPs) significantly reduced glial encapsulation and neuron loss around the implants, suggesting better neuron viability at the implant-neural interfaces than that of smooth probes. This bioinspired strategy for both enhanced glial resistance and neuron network formation via a specific structural design could be a platform technology that not only opens up avenues for next-generation artificial neural networks and brain-machine interfaces but also provides universal approaches to biomedical therapeutics.
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Grants
- This work was supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFA0701303), National Natural Science Foundation of China (21404116, 31871080), the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, the Special Support Project for Outstanding Young Scholars of Guangdong Province (2015TQ01R292), Guangdong-Hong Kong Technology Cooperation Funding (2017A050506040), Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee (JCYJ20180507182051636, KQJSCX20180330170232019, JCYJ20150316144521974), and Shenzhen Peacock Plan (KQTD20170810160424889).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Lulu Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Yi Lu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, 518055 China
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Kovaleski RF, Callahan JW, Chazalon M, Wokosin DL, Baufreton J, Bevan MD. Dysregulation of external globus pallidus-subthalamic nucleus network dynamics in parkinsonian mice during cortical slow-wave activity and activation. J Physiol 2020; 598:1897-1927. [PMID: 32112413 DOI: 10.1113/jp279232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Using cell class-specific optogenetic identification and inhibition during cortical slow-wave activity and activation, we report that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) D2 dopamine receptor expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs) discharge at higher rates, especially during cortical activation, (2) prototypic parvalbumin-expressing GPe neurons are excessively patterned by D2-SPNs even though their autonomous activity is upregulated, (3) despite being disinhibited, STN neurons are not hyperactive, and (4) STN activity opposes striatopallidal patterning. These data argue that in parkinsonian mice abnormal, temporally offset prototypic GPe and STN neuron firing results in part from increased striatopallidal transmission and that compensatory plasticity limits STN hyperactivity and cortical entrainment. ABSTRACT Reciprocally connected GABAergic external globus pallidus (GPe) and glutamatergic subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons form a key, centrally positioned network within the basal ganglia. In Parkinson's disease and its models, abnormal rates and patterns of GPe-STN network activity are linked to motor dysfunction. Following the loss of dopamine, the activities of GPe and STN neurons become more temporally offset and strongly correlated with cortical oscillations below 40 Hz. Previous studies utilized cortical slow-wave activity and/or cortical activation (ACT) under anaesthesia to probe the mechanisms underlying the normal and pathological patterning of basal ganglia activity. Here, we combined this approach with in vivo optogenetic inhibition to identify and interrupt the activity of D2 dopamine receptor-expressing striatal projection neurons (D2-SPNs), parvalbumin-expressing prototypic GPe (PV GPe) neurons, and STN neurons. We found that, in dopamine-depleted mice, (1) the firing rate of D2-SPNs was elevated, especially during cortical ACT, (2) abnormal phasic suppression of PV GPe neuron activity was ameliorated by optogenetic inhibition of coincident D2-SPN activity, (3) autonomous PV GPe neuron firing ex vivo was upregulated, presumably through homeostatic mechanisms, (4) STN neurons were not hyperactive, despite being disinhibited, (5) optogenetic inhibition of the STN exacerbated abnormal GPe activity, and (6) exaggerated beta band activity was not present in the cortex or GPe-STN network. Together with recent studies, these data suggest that in dopamine-depleted mice abnormally correlated and temporally offset PV GPe and STN neuron activity is generated in part by elevated striatopallidal transmission, while compensatory plasticity prevents STN hyperactivity and limits cortical entrainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan F Kovaleski
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Joshua W Callahan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Marine Chazalon
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - David L Wokosin
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jérôme Baufreton
- Université de Bordeaux & CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Mark D Bevan
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Abstract
Paradoxical Effects of Optogenetic Stimulation in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Levesque M, Chen LY, Etter G, et al. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(5):714-728. doi:10.1002/ana.25572. Objective: To establish the effects induced by long-term, unilateral stimulation of parvalbumin (PV)-positive interneurons on seizures, interictal spikes, and high-frequency oscillations (80-500 Hz) occurring after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE)—a proven model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE)—in transgenic mice expressing or not expressing ChR2. Methods: Both PV-ChR2 (n = 6) and PV-Cre (n = 6) mice were treated with pilocarpine to induce SE. Three hours after SE onset, unilateral optogenetic stimulation (450 nm, 25 mW, 20 ms pulses delivered at 8 Hz for 30 seconds every 2 minutes) of CA3 PV-positive interneurons was implemented for 14 continuous days in both groups. Results: Rates of seizures (P < .01), interictal spikes (P < .001), and interictal spikes with fast ripples (250-500 Hz; P < .001) were lower in PV-ChR2 than in PV-Cre mice. Ripples (80-200 Hz) occurring outside of interictal spikes had higher rates in the PV-ChR2 group (P < .01), whereas isolated fast ripples had lower rates (P < .01). However, seizure probability was higher during optogenetic stimulation in PV-ChR2 compared to PV-Cre animals (P < .05). Interpretation: Our findings show that the unilateral activation of CA3 PV-positive interneurons exerts anti-ictogenic effects associated with decreased rates of interictal spikes and fast ripples in this MTLE model. However, PV-positive interneuron stimulation can paradoxically trigger seizures in epileptic animals, supporting the notion that γ-aminobutyric acid type A signaling can also initiate ictogenesis.
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A disinhibitory nigra-parafascicular pathway amplifies seizure in temporal lobe epilepsy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:923. [PMID: 32066723 PMCID: PMC7026152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The precise circuit of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) involved in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is still unclear. Here we found that optogenetic or chemogenetic activation of SNr parvalbumin+ (PV) GABAergic neurons amplifies seizure activities in kindling- and kainic acid-induced TLE models, whereas selective inhibition of these neurons alleviates seizure activities. The severity of seizures is bidirectionally regulated by optogenetic manipulation of SNr PV fibers projecting to the parafascicular nucleus (PF). Electrophysiology combined with rabies virus-assisted circuit mapping shows that SNr PV neurons directly project to and functionally inhibit posterior PF GABAergic neurons. Activity of these neurons also regulates seizure activity. Collectively, our results reveal that a long-range SNr-PF disinhibitory circuit participates in regulating seizure in TLE and inactivation of this circuit can alleviate severity of epileptic seizures. These findings provide a better understanding of pathological changes from a circuit perspective and suggest a possibility to precisely control epilepsy. The neural circuits through which the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) exerts its role in epilepsy control are not known. Here the authors reveal that a long-range SNr-parafascicular nucleus disinhibitory circuit participates in regulating seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy and inhibition of this circuit can alleviate severity of epileptic seizures.
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Delaney SL, Gendreau JL, D'Souza M, Feng AY, Ho AL. Optogenetic Modulation for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:187-197. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Austin Y. Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
| | - Allen L. Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Georgia
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Takeuchi Y, Berényi A. Oscillotherapeutics - Time-targeted interventions in epilepsy and beyond. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:87-107. [PMID: 31954733 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Oscillatory brain activities support many physiological functions from motor control to cognition. Disruptions of the normal oscillatory brain activities are commonly observed in neurological and psychiatric disorders including epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety/trauma-related disorders, major depressive disorders, and drug addiction. Therefore, these disorders can be considered as common oscillation defects despite having distinct behavioral manifestations and genetic causes. Recent technical advances of neuronal activity recording and analysis have allowed us to study the pathological oscillations of each disorder as a possible biomarker of symptoms. Furthermore, recent advances in brain stimulation technologies enable time- and space-targeted interventions of the pathological oscillations of both neurological disorders and psychiatric disorders as possible targets for regulating their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Takeuchi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
| | - Antal Berényi
- MTA-SZTE 'Momentum' Oscillatory Neuronal Networks Research Group, Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; HCEMM-SZTE Magnetotherapeutics Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary; Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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43
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Cela E, Sjöström PJ. Novel Optogenetic Approaches in Epilepsy Research. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:947. [PMID: 31551699 PMCID: PMC6743373 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a major neurological disorder characterized by repeated seizures afflicting 1% of the global population. The emergence of seizures is associated with several comorbidities and severely decreases the quality of life of patients. Unfortunately, around 30% of patients do not respond to first-line treatment using anti-seizure drugs (ASDs). Furthermore, it is still unclear how seizures arise in the healthy brain. Therefore, it is critical to have well developed models where a causal understanding of epilepsy can be investigated. While the development of seizures has been studied in several animal models, using chemical or electrical induction, deciphering the results of such studies has been difficult due to the uncertainty of the cell population being targeted as well as potential confounds such as brain damage from the procedure itself. Here we describe novel approaches using combinations of optical and genetic methods for studying epileptogenesis. These approaches can circumvent some shortcomings associated with the classical animal models and may thus increase the likelihood of developing new treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Cela
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Per Jesper Sjöström
- Brain Repair and Integrative Neuroscience Program, Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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44
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Hasan M, Kanna MS, Jun W, Ramkrishnan AS, Iqbal Z, Lee Y, Li Y. Schema-like learning and memory consolidation acting through myelination. FASEB J 2019; 33:11758-11775. [PMID: 31366238 PMCID: PMC6902718 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900910r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Memory is a dynamic brain function that is continually processed after encoding. Although psychologic concepts of mental schema are now well established, they have rarely been considered in animal studies. We used a behavior paradigm of multiple flavor-place paired associates (PAs) and showed that memory schema facilitates fast acquisition of new PAs in a single trial. The hippocampus is necessary for the encoding of new PAs and for memory retrieval within a certain time window—24 h following new PA consolidation. Whereas the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a critical role for dynamic PA learning and consolidation during training sessions, ACC is essential in schema representation and activation. New myelin generation is essential for learning. Neural activity in the cortical regions impacts myelination by regulating oligodendrocyte (OL) proliferation, differentiation, and myelin formation. Here, we show that newly formed OL progenitor cells and mature OLs are increased following repeated PA learning and that establishment of the memory schema is associated with enhanced myelin strength in the ACC region. Furthermore, to ensure that myelination is necessary for the acquisition of paired-associate learning, ACC lysolecithin-induced demyelination revealed impaired PA learning associated with decrease in ACC θ band power and reduced spike-field coherence and phase-locking in ACC.—Hasan, M., Kanna, M. S., Jun, W., Ramkrishnan, A. S., Iqbal, Z., Lee, Y., Li, Y. Schema-like learning and memory consolidation acting through myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Wang Jun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Youngjin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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45
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Park SE, Laxpati NG, Gutekunst CA, Connolly MJ, Tung J, Berglund K, Mahmoudi B, Gross RE. A Machine Learning Approach to Characterize the Modulation of the Hippocampal Rhythms Via Optogenetic Stimulation of the Medial Septum. Int J Neural Syst 2019; 29:1950020. [PMID: 31505977 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065719500205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The medial septum (MS) is a potential target for modulating hippocampal activity. However, given the multiple cell types involved, the changes in hippocampal neural activity induced by MS stimulation have not yet been fully characterized. We combined MS optogenetic stimulation with local field potential (LFP) recordings from the hippocampus and leveraged machine learning techniques to explore how activating or inhibiting multiple MS neuronal subpopulations using different optical stimulation parameters affects hippocampal LFP biomarkers. First, of the seven different optogenetic viral vectors used for modulating different neuronal subpopulations, only two induced a substantial change in hippocampal LFP. Second, we found hippocampal low-gamma band to be most effectively modulated by the stimulation. Third, the hippocampal biomarkers were sensitive to the optogenetic virus type and the stimulation frequency, establishing those parameters as the critical ones for the regulation of hippocampal biomarker activity. Last, we built a Gaussian process regression model to describe the relationship between stimulation parameters and activity of the biomarker as well as to identify the optimal parameters for biomarker modulation. This new machine learning approach can further our understanding of the effects of neural stimulation and guide the selection of optimal parameters for neural control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eon Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Nealen G Laxpati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Mark J Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jack Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ken Berglund
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Babak Mahmoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.,Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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46
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Saponara S, Fusi F, Spiga O, Trezza A, Hopkins B, Brimble MA, Rennison D, Bova S. The Selective Rat Toxicant Norbormide Blocks K ATP Channels in Smooth Muscle Cells But Not in Insulin-Secreting Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:598. [PMID: 31191321 PMCID: PMC6540933 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Norbormide is a toxicant selective for rats to which it induces a widespread vasoconstriction. In a recent paper, we hypothesized a role of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in norbormide-induced vasoconstriction. The current study was undertaken to verify this hypothesis by comparing the effects of norbormide with those of glibenclamide, a known KATP channel blocker. The whole-cell patch-clamp method was used to record KATP currents in myocytes freshly isolated from the rat and mouse caudal artery and from the rat gastric fundus, as well as in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta cells (INS-1 cells). Smooth muscle contractile function was assessed on either rat caudal artery rings or gastric fundus strips. Molecular modeling and docking simulation to KATP channel proteins were investigated in silico. Both norbormide (a racemic mixture of endo and exo isomers) and glibenclamide inhibited KATP currents in rat and mouse caudal artery myocytes, as well as in gastric fundus smooth muscle cells. In rat INS-1 cells, only glibenclamide blocked KATP channels, whereas norbormide was ineffective. The inhibitory effect of norbormide in rat caudal artery myocytes was not stereo-specific as both the endo isomers (active as vasoconstrictor) and the exo isomers (inactive as vasoconstrictor) had similar inhibitory activity. In rat caudal artery rings, norbormide-induced contraction was partially reverted by the KATP channel opener pinacidil. Computational approaches indicated the SUR subunit of KATP channels as the binding site for norbormide. KATP channel inhibition may play a role in norbormide-induced vasoconstriction, but does not explain the species selectivity, tissue selectivity, and stereoselectivity of its constricting activity. The lack of effect in INS-1 cells suggests a potential selectivity of norbormide for smooth muscle KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Fusi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ottavia Spiga
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alfonso Trezza
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Brian Hopkins
- Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Rennison
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sergio Bova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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47
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Farrell JS, Nguyen QA, Soltesz I. Resolving the Micro-Macro Disconnect to Address Core Features of Seizure Networks. Neuron 2019; 101:1016-1028. [PMID: 30897354 PMCID: PMC6430140 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Current drug treatments for epilepsy attempt to broadly restrict excitability to mask a symptom, seizures, with little regard for the heterogeneous mechanisms that underlie disease manifestation across individuals. Here, we discuss the need for a more complete view of epilepsy, outlining how key features at the cellular and microcircuit level can significantly impact disease mechanisms that are not captured by the most common methodology to study epilepsy, electroencephalography (EEG). We highlight how major advances in neuroscience tool development now enable multi-scale investigation of fundamental questions to resolve the currently controversial understanding of seizure networks. These findings will provide essential insight into what has emerged as a disconnect between the different levels of investigation and identify new targets and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan S Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Quynh-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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48
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Stereotypical patterns of epileptiform calcium signal in hippocampal CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus and entorhinal cortex in freely moving mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4518. [PMID: 30872744 PMCID: PMC6418290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41241-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a multi-etiological brain dysfunction syndrome. Hippocampal neuronal damage induced by seizures may be one of the causes leading to cognitive impairment, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. The kainic acid (KA) model of temporal lobe epilepsy is widely used in understanding of the epileptogenesis. Fiber photometry is a signal detection technology suitable for recording calcium activity of neurons in the deep brain of freely moving animal. Here, we used the optical fiber-based method to monitor the real-time neuronal population activities of freely moving mice after subcutaneous injection of KA. We observed that KA administration led to one to three kinds of stereotypical patterns of epileptiform calcium activity in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, as well as the entorhinal cortex (EC). There were three kinds of waves in the hippocampal CA1, which we named wave 1, wave 2 and slow flash. Wave 1 and wave 2 appeared in both the CA3 and DG regions, but the EC only showed wave 1. In these epileptiform calcium signals, we observed a high amplitude and long duration calcium wave as a part of wave 2, which resembled cortical spreading depression (CSD) and always appeared at or after the end of seizure. Because the same characteristic of epileptiform calcium signal appeared in different brain regions, calcium signal may not exist with region specificity, but may exhibit a cell type specific manner. Thus, our work provides a support for the pathogenesis of epilepsy and epileptiform signal transmission research.
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Janz P, Hauser P, Heining K, Nestel S, Kirsch M, Egert U, Haas CA. Position- and Time-Dependent Arc Expression Links Neuronal Activity to Synaptic Plasticity During Epileptogenesis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:244. [PMID: 30154698 PMCID: PMC6102356 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) an initial precipitating injury can trigger aberrant wiring of neuronal circuits causing seizure activity. While circuit reorganization is known to be largely activity-dependent, the interactions between neuronal activity and synaptic plasticity during the development of mTLE remain poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed at delineating the spatiotemporal relationship between epileptic activity, activity-dependent gene expression and synaptic plasticity during kainic acid-induced epileptogenesis in mice. We show that during epileptogenesis the sclerotic hippocampus differed from non-sclerotic regions by displaying a consistently lower power of paroxysmal discharges. However, the power of these discharges steadily increased during epileptogenesis. This increase was paralleled by the upregulation of the activity-related cytoskeleton protein (Arc) gene expression in dentate granule cells (DGCs) of the sclerotic hippocampus. Importantly, we found that Arc mRNA-upregulating DGCs exhibited increased spine densities and spine sizes, but at the same time decreased AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) densities. Finally, we show that in vivo optogenetic stimulation of DGC synapses evoked robust seizure activity in epileptic mice, but failed to induce dendritic translocation of Arc mRNA as under healthy conditions, supporting the theory of a breakdown of the dentate gate in mTLE. We conclude that during epileptogenesis epileptic activity emerges early and persists in the whole hippocampus, however, only the sclerotic part shows modulation of discharge amplitudes accompanied by plasticity of DGCs. In this context, we identified Arc as a putative mediator between seizure activity and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Janz
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Hauser
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Heining
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Laboratory for Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Nestel
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kirsch
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Egert
- Laboratory for Biomicrotechnology, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carola A Haas
- Experimental Epilepsy Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BrainLinks-BrainTools Cluster of Excellence, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Targeting the Mouse Ventral Hippocampus in the Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0158-18. [PMID: 30131968 PMCID: PMC6102375 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0158-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a novel mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that moves the site of kainate injection from the rodent dorsal hippocampus (corresponding to the human posterior hippocampus) to the ventral hippocampus (corresponding to the human anterior hippocampus). We compare the phenotypes of this new model—with respect to seizures, cognitive impairment, affective deficits, and histopathology—to the standard dorsal intrahippocampal kainate model. Our results demonstrate that histopathological measures of granule cell dispersion and mossy fiber sprouting maximize near the site of kainate injection. Somewhat surprisingly, both the dorsal and ventral models exhibit similar spatial memory impairments in addition to similar electrographic and behavioral seizure burdens. In contrast, we find a more pronounced affective (anhedonic) phenotype specifically in the ventral model. These results demonstrate that the ventral intrahippocampal kainic acid model recapitulates critical pathologies of the dorsal model while providing a means to further study affective phenotypes such as depression in TLE.
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