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Afshari AR, Sanati M, Ahmadi SS, Kesharwani P, Sahebkar A. Harnessing the capacity of phytochemicals to enhance immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy of cancers: A focus on brain malignancies. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216955. [PMID: 38750720 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Brain cancers, particularly glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), are challenging health issues with frequent unmet aspects. Today, discovering safe and effective therapeutic modalities for brain tumors is among the top research interests. Immunotherapy is an emerging area of investigation in cancer treatment. Since immune checkpoints play fundamental roles in repressing anti-cancer immunity, diverse immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed, and some monoclonal antibodies have been approved clinically for particular cancers; nevertheless, there are significant concerns regarding their efficacy and safety in brain tumors. Among the various tools to modify the immune checkpoints, phytochemicals show good effectiveness and excellent safety, making them suitable candidates for developing better ICIs. Phytochemicals regulate multiple immunological checkpoint-related signaling pathways in cancer biology; however, their efficacy for clinical cancer immunotherapy remains to be established. Here, we discussed the involvement of immune checkpoints in cancer pathology and summarized recent advancements in applying phytochemicals in modulating immune checkpoints in brain tumors to highlight the state-of-the-art and give constructive prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Hazra R, Chattopadhyay S, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. Revealing the therapeutic properties of gut microbiota: transforming cancer immunotherapy from basic to clinical approaches. Med Oncol 2024; 41:175. [PMID: 38874788 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02416-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The immune system plays a pivotal role in the battle against cancer, serving as a formidable guardian in the ongoing fight against malignant cells. To combat these malignant cells, immunotherapy has emerged as a prevalent approach leveraging antibodies and peptides such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, and anti-CTLA-4 to inhibit immune checkpoints and activate T lymphocytes. The optimization of gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating the defense system in the body. This study explores the potential of certain gut-resident bacteria to amplify the impact of immunotherapy. Contemporary antibiotic treatments, which can impair gut flora, may diminish the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockers. Conversely, probiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation can help re-establish intestinal microflora equilibrium. Additionally, the gut microbiome has been implicated in various strategies to counteract immune resistance, thereby enhancing the success of cancer immunotherapy. This paper also acknowledges cutting-edge technologies such as nanotechnology, CAR-T therapy, ACT therapy, and oncolytic viruses in modulating gut microbiota. Thus, an exhaustive review of literature was performed to uncover the elusive link that could potentiate the gut microbiome's role in augmenting the success of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, NSHM Knowledge Campus, 124, B. L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700053, India.
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Ojo OA, Shen H, Ingram JT, Bonner JA, Welner RS, Lacaud G, Zajac AJ, Shi LZ. Gfi1 controls the formation of effector CD8 T cells during chronic infection and cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.18.579535. [PMID: 38659890 PMCID: PMC11042319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.18.579535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
During chronic infections and tumor progression, CD8 T cells gradually lose their effector functions and become exhausted. These exhausted CD8 T cells are heterogeneous and comprised of different subsets, including self-renewing progenitors that give rise to Ly108 - CX3CR1 + effector-like cells. Generation of these effector-like cells is essential for the control of chronic infections and tumors, albeit limited. However, the precise cues and mechanisms directing the formation and maintenance of exhausted effector-like are incompletely understood. Using genetic mouse models challenged with LCMV Clone 13 or syngeneic tumors, we show that the expression of a transcriptional repressor, growth factor independent 1 (Gfi1) is dynamically regulated in exhausted CD8 T cells, which in turn regulates the formation of exhausted effector-like cells. Gfi1 deletion in T cells dysregulates the chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic programs associated with the differentiation of LCMV Clone 13-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion, preventing the formation of effector-like and terminally exhausted cells while maintaining progenitors and a newly identified Ly108 + CX3CR1 + state. These Ly108 + CX3CR1 + cells have a distinct chromatin profile and may represent an alternative target for therapeutic interventions to combat chronic infections and cancer. In sum, we show that Gfi1 is a critical regulator of the formation of exhausted effector-like cells.
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Kagamu H. Immunotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Respir Investig 2024; 62:307-312. [PMID: 38310751 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) bind to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand-1 (PD-L1) and Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), which suppress T-cell function and inhibit their inhibitory function, resulting in T-cell activation. ICI have been approved for a wide range of cancers, including malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin's disease, small-cell lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, uterine cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and the number of indications continues to grow. In addition to the treatment of advanced disease, the anti-tumor effect has been demonstrated across disease stages, from locally advanced disease to early-stage operative disease. The treatment of lung cancer is at the forefront of this trend and long-term durable responses and survival benefits in lung cancer have been exhibited that were unimaginable when cytotoxic anticancer agents were the only treatment options. However, treatment efficacy varies greatly from case to case, and no biomarkers have been developed to accurately predict efficacy. In this article, we discuss the past and future of ICI therapy for lung cancer, based on clinical and basic evidence accumulated to-date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kagamu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama, 350-1298, Japan.
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Shen H, Mullen L, Ojo OA, Xing C, Yassin A, Lewis Z, Bonner JA, Shi LZ. HIF1α-glycolysis engages activation-induced cell death to drive IFN-γ induction in hypoxic T cells. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3830704. [PMID: 38260594 PMCID: PMC10802708 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3830704/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The role of HIF1α-glycolysis in regulating IFN-γ induction in hypoxic T cells is unknown. Given that hypoxia is a common feature in a wide array of pathophysiological contexts such as tumor and that IFN-γ is instrumental for protective immunity, it is of great significance to gain a clear idea on this. Combining pharmacological and genetic gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we find that HIF1α-glycolysis controls IFN-γ induction in both human and mouse T cells activated under hypoxia. Specific deletion of HIF1α in T cells (HIF1α-/-) and glycolytic inhibition significantly abrogate IFN-γ induction. Conversely, HIF1α stabilization in T cells by hypoxia and VHL deletion (VHL-/-) promotes IFN-γ production. Mechanistically, reduced IFN-γ production in hypoxic HIF1α-/- T cells is due to attenuated activation-induced cell death but not proliferative defect. We further show that depletion of intracellular acetyl-CoA is a key metabolic underlying mechanism. Hypoxic HIF1α-/- T cells are less able to kill tumor cells, and HIF1α-/- tumor-bearing mice are not responsive to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, indicating loss of HIF1α in T cells is a major mechanism of therapeutic resistance to ICBs. Importantly, acetate supplementation restores IFN-γ production in hypoxic HIF1α-/- T cells and re-sensitizes HIF1α-/- tumor-bearing mice to ICBs, providing an effective strategy to overcome ICB resistance. Taken together, our results highlight T cell HIF1α-anaerobic glycolysis as a principal mediator of IFN-γ induction and anti-tumor immunity. Considering that acetate supplementation (i.e., glycerol triacetate (GTA)) is approved to treat infants with Canavan disease, we envision a rapid translation of our findings, justifying further testing of GTA as a repurposed medicine for ICB resistance, a pressing unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Logan Mullen
- Genomics Core Laboratory, Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA
| | - Oluwagbemiga A. Ojo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Chuan Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Yassin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Zach Lewis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A. Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, USA
| | - Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Institute, UAB-SOM, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UAB-SOM, USA
- Immunology Institute, UAB-SOM, USA
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Lai J, Liang J, Zhang Y, Zhang B, Wei J, Fan J, Chen L, Chen Z, Li Q, Guo D, Lin J, Chen Q. A drug-delivery depot for epigenetic modulation and enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115687. [PMID: 37837882 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTis) have found widespread application in the management of cancer. Zebularine (Zeb), functioning as a demethylating agent, has exhibited notable advantages and enhanced therapeutic efficacy in the realm of tumour immunotherapy. Nevertheless, due to its lack of targeted functionality, standalone Zeb therapy necessitates the administration of a substantially higher dosage. In this investigation, we have devised an innovative nanodrug formulation, comprising the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor Zeb and pH-responsive chitosan (CS), hereinafter referred to as CS-Zeb nanoparticles (NPs). Our findings have unveiled that CS-Zeb NPs manifest heightened drug release within an acidic milieu (pH 5.5) in comparison to a neutral environment (pH 7.4). Furthermore, in vivo studies have conclusively affirmed that, in contrast to equivalent quantities of Zeb in isolation, the nanocomplex significantly curtailed tumour burden and protracted the survival duration of the B16F10 tumour-bearing murine model. Additionally, CS-Zeb NPs elicited an augmentation of CD8+ T cells within the peripheral circulation of mice and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Notably, the dosage of CS-Zeb NPs was reduced by a remarkable 70-fold when juxtaposed with Zeb administered in isolation. To summarise, our study underscores the potential of CS-Zeb NPs as an alternative chemotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhong Lai
- The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China
| | - Jiadi Liang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Bingchen Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523058, PR China
| | - Jianhui Wei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Jiqiang Fan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Linqin Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Qiumei Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Dong Guo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China
| | - Jizhen Lin
- The Cancer Center, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, PR China.
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Tanimura K, Takeda T, Kataoka N, Yoshimura A, Nakanishi K, Yamanaka Y, Yoshioka H, Honda R, Uryu K, Fukui M, Chihara Y, Takei S, Kawachi H, Yamada T, Tamiya N, Okura N, Yamada T, Murai J, Shiotsu S, Kurata T, Takayama K. First-Line Chemoimmunotherapy versus Sequential Platinum-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Immunotherapy in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with ≤49% Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression: A Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4988. [PMID: 37894357 PMCID: PMC10605814 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long overall survival (OS) observed among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) groups in previous phase III trials suggests the limited efficacy of CIT among the subgroup with ≤49% PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. Hence, sequential treatment with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy followed by second-line immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment (SEQ) is an option. This study examined whether first-line CIT would provide better outcomes than SEQ in patients with advanced NSCLC with ≤49% PD-L1 expression. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated patients with untreated NSCLC who received first-line CIT or SEQ at nine hospitals in Japan. OS, progression-free survival (PFS), PFS-2 (the time from first-line treatment to progression to second-line treatment or death), and other related outcomes were evaluated between the CIT and SEQ groups. RESULTS Among the 305 enrolled patients, 234 eligible patients were analyzed: 165 in the CIT group and 69 in the SEQ group. The COX proportional hazards model suggested a significant interaction between PD-L1 expression and OS (p = 0.006). OS in the CIT group was significantly longer than that in the SEQ group in the 1-49% PD-L1 expression subgroup but not in the <1% PD-L1 expression subgroup. Among the subgroup with 1-49% PD-L1 expression, the CIT group exhibited longer median PFS than the SEQ group (CIT: 9.3 months (95% CI: 6.7-14.8) vs. SEQ:5.5 months (95% CI: 4.5-6.1); p < 0.001), while the median PFS in the CIT group was not statistically longer than the median PFS-2 in the SEQ group (p = 0.586). There was no significant difference between the median PFS in the CIT and SEQ groups among the <1% PD-L1 expression subgroup (p = 0.883); the median PFS-2 in the SEQ group was significantly longer than the median PFS in the CIT group (10.5 months (95% CI: 5.9-15.3) vs. 6.4 months (95% CI: 4.9-7.5); p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS CIT is recommended for patients with NSCLC with 1-49% PD-L1 expression because it significantly improved OS and PFS compared to SEQ. CIT had limited benefits in patients with <1% PD-L1 expression, and the median PFS-2 in the SEQ group was significantly longer than the median PFS in the CIT group. These findings will help physicians select the most suitable treatment option for patients with NSCLC, considering PD-L1 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tanimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.T.); (N.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Takayuki Takeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.T.); (N.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Nobutaka Kataoka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.T.); (N.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Akihiro Yoshimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto 602-8026, Japan; (K.T.); (N.K.); (A.Y.)
| | - Kentaro Nakanishi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Yuta Yamanaka
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Hiroshige Yoshioka
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Ryoichi Honda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi 289-2511, Japan;
| | - Kiyoaki Uryu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yao Tokushukai General Hospital, Yao 581-0011, Japan;
| | - Mototaka Fukui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji 611-0041, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yusuke Chihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji 611-0041, Japan; (M.F.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shota Takei
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Tadaaki Yamada
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Nobuyo Tamiya
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Rakuwakai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto 607-8062, Japan;
| | - Naoko Okura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan; (N.O.); (T.Y.)
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Matsushita Memorial Hospital, Moriguchi 570-8540, Japan; (N.O.); (T.Y.)
| | - Junji Murai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan; (J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Shinsuke Shiotsu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto 605-0981, Japan; (J.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Takayasu Kurata
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Kansai Medical University Hospital, Hirakata 573-1191, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.Y.); (H.Y.); (T.K.)
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; (S.T.); (H.K.); (T.Y.); (K.T.)
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Iso H, Hisakane K, Terashi N, Mikami E, Matsuki S, Sonokawa T, Atsumi K, Yoshino N, Nagata K, Seike M, Hirose T. A remarkable response to combination chemotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab in a patient with primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma: a case report. Transl Cancer Res 2023; 12:2212-2218. [PMID: 37701113 PMCID: PMC10493795 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-23-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Primary pulmonary choriocarcinoma (PPC) is a rare malignancy, and only 41 PPC cases have been reported in males up to 2021. Due to its rarity, no standardized treatments for PPC have been established. Cytotoxic chemotherapy has limited efficacy, and the prognosis of advanced PPC is notably poor. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are expected to provide long-term survival for PPC patients, but only a few cases have been reported. The optimal treatment for PPC has not been determined. Case Description Here, we report a 72-year-old male with post-surgery relapsed PPC, presenting with multiple pulmonary nodules and an intracardiac mass. The OncomineTM Dx target test showed no mutation of cancer-relevant genes, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was negative (0%) in the 22C3 assay. He received a combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, nivolumab, and ipilimumab which is widely used as a first-line treatment for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two months after treatment began, computed tomography (CT) showed multiple lung nodules and an intracardiac mass reduction, which has been sustained for 12 months. Grade 3 febrile neutropenia and grade 2 rash were observed, however, these adverse events were manageable. Conclusions This is the first case of postoperative relapse PPC that has been successfully treated with the combination of chemotherapy, nivolumab, and ipilimumab. This therapy may be a promising option for advanced PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Iso
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kakeru Hisakane
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Terashi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Mikami
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Sonokawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Atsumi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yoshino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohji Nagata
- Department of Pathology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seike
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirose
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Medical Oncology, Nippon Medical School Tamanagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Sun B, Sawant H, Borthakur A, Bihl JC. Emerging therapeutic role of gut microbial extracellular vesicles in neurological disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1241418. [PMID: 37621715 PMCID: PMC10445154 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1241418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as cell-to-cell and inter-organ communicators by conveying proteins and nucleic acids with regulatory functions. Emerging evidence shows that gut microbial-released EVs play a pivotal role in the gut-brain axis, bidirectional communication, and crosstalk between the gut and the brain. Increasing pre-clinical and clinical evidence suggests that gut bacteria-released EVs are capable of eliciting distinct signaling to the brain with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, exerting regulatory function on brain cells such as neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, via their abundant and diversified protein and nucleic acid cargo. Conversely, EVs derived from certain species of bacteria, particularly from gut commensals with probiotic properties, have recently been shown to confer distinct therapeutic effects on various neurological disorders. Thus, gut bacterial EVs may be both a cause of and therapy for neuropathological complications. This review marshals the basic, clinical, and translational studies that significantly contributed to our up-to-date knowledge of the therapeutic potential of gut microbial-derived EVs in treating neurological disorders, including strokes, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and dementia. The review also discusses the newer insights in recent studies focused on developing superior therapeutic microbial EVs via genetic manipulation and/or dietary intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Harshal Sawant
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Alip Borthakur
- Departments of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Ji Chen Bihl
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
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10
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Lechner MG, Zhou Z, Hoang AT, Huang N, Ortega J, Scott LN, Chen HC, Patel AY, Yakhshi-Tafti R, Kim K, Hugo W, Famini P, Drakaki A, Ribas A, Angell TE, Su MA. Clonally expanded, thyrotoxic effector CD8 + T cells driven by IL-21 contribute to checkpoint inhibitor thyroiditis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg0675. [PMID: 37196065 PMCID: PMC10227862 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune toxicity occurs in up to 60% of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for cancer and represents an increasing clinical challenge for expanding the use of these treatments. To date, human immunopathogenic studies of immune-related adverse events (IRAEs) have relied on sampling of circulating peripheral blood cells rather than affected tissues. Here, we directly obtained thyroid specimens from individuals with ICI-thyroiditis, one of the most common IRAEs, and compared immune infiltrates with those from individuals with spontaneous autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or no thyroid disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed a dominant, clonally expanded population of thyroid-infiltrating cytotoxic CXCR6+ CD8+ T cells (effector CD8+ T cells) present in ICI-thyroiditis but not HT or healthy controls. Furthermore, we identified a crucial role for interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine secreted by intrathyroidal T follicular (TFH) and T peripheral helper (TPH) cells, as a driver of these thyrotoxic effector CD8+ T cells. In the presence of IL-21, human CD8+ T cells acquired the activated effector phenotype with up-regulation of the cytotoxic molecules interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and granzyme B, increased expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR6, and thyrotoxic capacity. We validated these findings in vivo using a mouse model of IRAEs and further demonstrated that genetic deletion of IL-21 signaling protected ICI-treated mice from thyroid immune infiltration. Together, these studies reveal mechanisms and candidate therapeutic targets for individuals who develop IRAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G. Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Zikang Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Aline T. Hoang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Drexel Medical School; Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Nicole Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jessica Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Lauren N. Scott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ho-Chung Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Anushi Y. Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rana Yakhshi-Tafti
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Rosalind Franklin Medical School; Chicago, IL 60064
| | - Kristy Kim
- UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Pouyan Famini
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Trevor E. Angell
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, USC Keck School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Maureen A. Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, CA 90095
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11
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Xu P, Yang JC, Chen B, Nip C, Van Dyke JE, Zhang X, Chen HW, Evans CP, Murphy WJ, Liu C. Androgen receptor blockade resistance with enzalutamide in prostate cancer results in immunosuppressive alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006581. [PMID: 37147019 PMCID: PMC10163595 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging data suggest that patients with enzalutamide-treated prostate cancer with increased programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression may benefit from anti-PD-L1 treatment. Unfortunately, the Phase III IMbassador250 clinical trial revealed that the combination of atezolizumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) and enzalutamide failed to extend overall survival in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the mechanisms underlying treatment failure remain unknown. METHODS Human CRPC C4-2B cells and murine Myc-CaP cells were chronically exposed to increasing concentrations of enzalutamide and the cells resistant to enzalutamide were referred to as C4-2B MDVR and Myc-CaP MDVR, respectively. The mechanisms of action in drug-resistant prostate cancer cells were determined using RNA sequencing analyses, RNA interference, real-time PCR, western blotting, and co-culturing technologies. Myc-CaP and Myc-CaP MDVR tumors were established in syngeneic FVB mice, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes were isolated after enzalutamide treatment. The stained immune cells were determined by flow cytometry, and the data were analyzed using FlowJo. RESULTS Immune-related signaling pathways (interferon alpha/gamma response, inflammatory response, and cell chemotaxis) were suppressed in human enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells. PD-L1 was overexpressed and negatively regulated by androgen receptor signaling in resistant cells and patient with CRPC cohorts. Enzalutamide treatment decreased CD8+ T-cell numbers but increased monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell (M-MDSC) populations and PD-L1 expression within murine Myc-CaP tumors. Similarly, chemotaxis and immune response-regulating signaling pathways were suppressed, and PD-L1 expression was also increased using enzalutamide-resistant Myc-CaP MDVR cells. Notably, MDSC populations were significantly increased in Myc-CaP MDVR orthotopic tumors compared with those in Myc-CaP parental tumors. Co-culturing bone marrow cells with Myc-CaP MDVR cells significantly promoted MDSC differentiation and shifted towards M2 macrophage skewing. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that immunosuppressive signaling can be promoted directly by enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells and may be a potential means by which the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer is diminished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Joy C Yang
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Christopher Nip
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jonathan E Van Dyke
- Flow Cytometry Core, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Christopher P Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Chengfei Liu
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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12
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Shi LZ, Shen H, Ojo OA, Bonner JA. HiJAKing Immunotherapy-Resistant Melanoma for a Cure. Oncologist 2023; 28:196-198. [PMID: 36640142 PMCID: PMC10020808 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have brought great promise to patients with advanced melanoma, a tumor type that was claimed largely incurable not long ago. However, therapeutic resistance to ICBs has limited their utility in the clinic. Here, we provide a commentary on recent research endeavors concerning ICB resistance in melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Programs in Immunology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Oluwagbemiga A Ojo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James A Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Kagamu H, Yamasaki S, Kitano S, Yamaguchi O, Mouri A, Shiono A, Nishihara F, Miura Y, Hashimoto K, Imai H, Kaira K, Kobayashi K, Kanai Y, Shibata T, Horimoto K. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a CD4+ T-cell Cluster That Correlates with PD-1 Blockade Efficacy. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4641-4653. [PMID: 36219677 PMCID: PMC9755963 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ T-cell immunity helps clonal proliferation, migration, and cancer cell killing activity of CD8+ T cells and is essential in antitumor immune responses. To identify CD4+ T-cell clusters responsible for antitumor immunity, we simultaneously analyzed the naïve-effector state, Th polarization, and T-cell receptor clonotype based on single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Unsupervised clustering analysis uncovered the presence of a new CD4+ T-cell metacluster in the CD62Llow CD4+ T-cell subpopulation, which contained multicellular clonotypes associated with efficacy of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy. The CD4+ T-cell metacluster consisted of CXCR3+CCR4-CCR6+ and CXCR3-CCR4-CCR6+ cells and was characterized by high expression of IL7 receptor and TCF7. The frequency of these cells in the peripheral blood significantly correlated with progression-free survival and overall survival of patients with lung cancer after PD-1 blockade therapy. In addition, the CD4+ metacluster in the peripheral blood correlated with CD4+ T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, whereas peripheral Th1 correlated with local CD8+ T-cell infiltration. Together, these findings suggest that CD62Llow CCR4-CCR6+ CD4+ T cells form a novel metacluster with predictive potential of the immune status and sensitivity to PD-1 blockade, which may pave the way for personalized antitumor immunotherapy strategies for patients. SIGNIFICANCE The identification of a new CD4+ T-cell metacluster that corresponds with immune status could guide effective tumor treatment by predicting response to immunotherapy using peripheral blood samples from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.,Corresponding Author: Hiroshi Kagamu, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka City 350-1298, Japan. Phone: 814-2984-4581; Fax: 814-2984-4581; E-mail:
| | - Satoshi Yamasaki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Clinical Cancer Genomics, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy Development, Advanced Medical Development Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ou Yamaguchi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsuto Mouri
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayako Shiono
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Fuyumi Nishihara
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yu Miura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hisao Imai
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yae Kanai
- Department of Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhisa Horimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan.,Artificial Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Liang Y, Tan Y, Guan B, Guo B, Xia M, Li J, Shi Y, Yu Z, Zhang Q, Liu D, Yang X, Hao J, Gong Y, Shakeel M, Zhou L, Ci W, Li X. Single-cell atlases link macrophages and CD8 + T-cell subpopulations to disease progression and immunotherapy response in urothelial carcinoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:7745-7759. [PMID: 36451860 PMCID: PMC9706581 DOI: 10.7150/thno.77281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the management of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Strikingly, compared to urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB), upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) has a higher response rate to ICIs. The stratification of patients most likely to benefit from ICI therapy remains a major clinical challenge. Methods: In this study, we performed the first single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) study of 13 surgical tissue specimens from 12 patients with UTUC. The key results were validated by the analysis of two independent cohorts with bulk RNA-seq data for UCB (n = 404) and UTUC (n = 158) and one cohort of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) who were treated with atezolizumab (n = 348). Results: Using scRNA-seq, we observed a higher proportion of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in locally advanced UTUC. Similar prognostically relevant intrinsic basal and luminal-like epithelial subtypes were found in both UTUC and UCB, although UTUC is predominantly of the luminal subtype. We also discovered that immunosuppressive macrophages and exhausted T-cell subpopulations were enriched in the basal subtype and showed enhanced interactions. Furthermore, we developed a gene expression signature (Macro-C3 score) capturing the immunosuppressive macrophages that better predicts outcomes than the currently established subtypes. We also developed a computational method to model immune evasion, and the Macro-C3 score predicted therapeutic response of mUC treated with first-line anti-PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with lower basal scores. Conclusions: Overall, the distinct microenvironment and Macro-C3 score provide an explanation for ICI efficacy in urothelial carcinoma and reveal new candidate regulators of immune evasion, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for improving antitumor immunity in the basal subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yezhen Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bao Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Bin Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mancheng Xia
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zihui Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Liu
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junfeng Hao
- Core Facility for Protein Research, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Jamil-ur-Rahman Center for Genome Research, Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, ICCBS, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University. No.8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing 100034, China. Tel: +86-10-8357-2211. E-mail addresses: (X. Li); (L. Zhou); Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China. Tel. +86-10-8409-7318. E-mail address: (W. Ci)
| | - Weimin Ci
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University. No.8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing 100034, China. Tel: +86-10-8357-2211. E-mail addresses: (X. Li); (L. Zhou); Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China. Tel. +86-10-8409-7318. E-mail address: (W. Ci)
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.,Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, 100034, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Urology, Peking University. No.8, Street Xishiku, District Xicheng, Beijing 100034, China. Tel: +86-10-8357-2211. E-mail addresses: (X. Li); (L. Zhou); Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang, Beijing 100101, China. Tel. +86-10-8409-7318. E-mail address: (W. Ci)
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15
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Rallis KS, Corrigan AE, Dadah H, Stanislovas J, Zamani P, Makker S, Szabados B, Sideris M. IL-10 in cancer: an essential thermostatic regulator between homeostatic immunity and inflammation - a comprehensive review. Future Oncol 2022; 18:3349-3365. [PMID: 36172856 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2022-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble proteins that mediate intercellular signaling regulating immune and inflammatory responses. Cytokine modulation represents a promising cancer immunotherapy approach for immune-mediated tumor regression. However, redundancy in cytokine signaling and cytokines' pleiotropy, narrow therapeutic window, systemic toxicity, short half-life and limited efficacy represent outstanding challenges for cytokine-based cancer immunotherapies. Recently, there has been interest in the paradoxical role of IL-10 in cancer, its controversial prognostic utility and novel strategies to enhance its therapeutic profile. Here, the authors review the literature surrounding the role of IL-10 within the tumor microenvironment, its prognostic correlates to cancer patient outcomes and its pro- and antitumor effects, and they assess the legitimacy of potential therapeutic strategies harnessing IL-10 by outlining the notable preclinical and clinical evidence to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrine S Rallis
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AD, UK.,Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 5PZ, UK
| | - Amber E Corrigan
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hashim Dadah
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Justas Stanislovas
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 5PZ, UK
| | - Parisa Zamani
- GKT School of Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Shania Makker
- Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AD, UK
| | - Bernadett Szabados
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 5PZ, UK
| | - Michail Sideris
- Women's Health Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AB, UK
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16
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Ding H, Wang G, Yu Z, Sun H, Wang L. Role of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IFN-γ receptor 1/2 (IFNγR1/2) in regulation of immunity, infection, and cancer development: IFN-γ-dependent or independent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113683. [PMID: 36095965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN-γ, a soluble cytokine being produced by T lymphocytes, macrophages, mucosal epithelial cells, or natural killer cells, is able to bind to the IFN-γ receptor (IFNγR) and in turn activate the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and transcription protein (STAT) pathway and induce expression of IFN-γ-stimulated genes. IFN-γ is critical for innate and adaptive immunity and aberrant IFN-γ expression and functions have been associated with different human diseases. However, the IFN-γ/IFNγR signaling could be a double-edged sword in cancer development because the tissue microenvironments could determine its anti- or pro-tumorigenic activities. The IFNγR protein consists of two IFNγR1 and IFNγR2 chains, subunits of which play different roles under certain conditions. This review assessed IFNγR polymorphisms, expression and functions in development and progression of various human diseases in an IFN-γ-dependent or independent manner. This review also discussed tumor microenvironment, microbial infection, and vital molecules in the IFN-γ upstream signaling that might regulate IFNγR expression, drug resistance, and druggable strategy, to provide evidence for further application of IFNγR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Gongfu Wang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA), Beijing, China.
| | - Zhen Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Huimin Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Pharmacy, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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17
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Shen H, Huang F, Zhang X, Ojo OA, Li Y, Trummell HQ, Anderson JC, Fiveash J, Bredel M, Yang ES, Willey CD, Chong Z, Bonner JA, Shi LZ. Selective suppression of melanoma lacking IFN-γ pathway by JAK inhibition depends on T cells and host TNF signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5013. [PMID: 36008408 PMCID: PMC9411168 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32754-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance to immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) in melanoma patients is a pressing issue, of which tumor loss of IFN-γ signaling genes is a major underlying mechanism. However, strategies of overcoming this resistance mechanism have been largely elusive. Moreover, given the indispensable role of tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs) in ICBs, little is known about how tumor-intrinsic loss of IFN-γ signaling (IFNγR1KO) impacts TILs. Here, we report that IFNγR1KO melanomas have reduced infiltration and function of TILs. IFNγR1KO melanomas harbor a network of constitutively active protein tyrosine kinases centered on activated JAK1/2. Mechanistically, JAK1/2 activation is mediated by augmented mTOR. Importantly, JAK1/2 inhibition with Ruxolitinib selectively suppresses the growth of IFNγR1KO but not scrambled control melanomas, depending on T cells and host TNF. Together, our results reveal an important role of tumor-intrinsic IFN-γ signaling in shaping TILs and manifest a targeted therapy to bypass ICB resistance of melanomas defective of IFN-γ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Fengyuan Huang
- Department of Genetics and Informatics Institute, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Oluwagbemiga A Ojo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yuebin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Hoa Quang Trummell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Joshua C Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - John Fiveash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Markus Bredel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Christopher D Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zechen Chong
- Department of Genetics and Informatics Institute, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - James A Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB-SOM), Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. .,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Programs in Immunology, UAB-SOM, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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18
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Lechner MG, Cheng MI, Patel AY, Hoang AT, Yakobian N, Astourian M, Pioso MS, Rodriguez ED, McCarthy EC, Hugo W, Angell TE, Drakaki A, Ribas A, Su MA. Inhibition of IL-17A Protects against Thyroid Immune-Related Adverse Events while Preserving Checkpoint Inhibitor Antitumor Efficacy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:696-709. [PMID: 35817515 PMCID: PMC9378719 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy leverages the body's own immune system to attack cancer cells but leads to unwanted autoimmune side effects in up to 60% of patients. Such immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) may lead to treatment interruption, permanent organ dysfunction, hospitalization, and premature death. Thyroiditis is one of the most common IrAEs, but the cause of thyroid IrAEs remains unknown. In this study, we use a new, physiologically relevant mouse model of ICI-associated autoimmunity to identify a key role for type 3 immune cells in the development of thyroid IrAEs. Multiple lineages of IL-17A-producing T cells expand in thyroid tissue with ICI treatment. Intrathyroidal IL-17A-producing innate-like γδT17 cells were increased in tumor-free mice, whereas adaptive Th17 cells were also prominent in tumor-bearing mice, following ICI treatment. Furthermore, Ab-based inhibition of IL-17A, a clinically available therapy, significantly reduced thyroid IrAE development in ICI-treated mice with and without tumor challenge. Finally, combination of IL-17A neutralization with ICI treatment in multiple tumor models did not reduce ICI antitumor efficacy. These studies suggest that targeting Th17 and γδT17 cell function via the IL-17A axis may reduce IrAEs without impairing ICI antitumor efficacy and may be a generalizable strategy to address type 3 immune-mediated IrAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Lechner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA;
| | - Mandy I Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anushi Y Patel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Aline T Hoang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Michael Astourian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marissa S Pioso
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Eduardo D Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ethan C McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Willy Hugo
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Trevor E Angell
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexandra Drakaki
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Maureen A Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
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19
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Galarza-Muñoz G, Kennedy-Boone D, Schott G, Bradrick SS, Garcia-Blanco MA. Antisense modulation of IL7R splicing to control sIL7R expression in human CD4 + T cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:1058-1073. [PMID: 35613883 PMCID: PMC9297843 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079137.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) is strongly associated with increased risk to develop multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, and this association is likely driven by up-regulation of the soluble isoform of IL7R (sIL7R). Expression of sIL7R is determined by exclusion of the alternative exon 6 from IL7R transcripts, and our previous work revealed that the MS risk allele of the SNP rs6897932 within this exon enhances the expression of sIL7R by promoting exclusion of exon 6. sIL7R potentiates the activity of IL7, leading to enhanced expansion of T cells and increased disability in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS. This role in modulating T cell-driven immunity positions sIL7R as an attractive therapeutic target whose expression could be reduced for treatment of MS or increased for treatment of cancers. In this study, we identified novel antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that effectively control the inclusion (anti-sIL7R ASOs) or exclusion (pro-sIL7R ASOs) of this exon in a dose-dependent fashion. These ASOs provided excellent control of exon 6 splicing and sIL7R secretion in human primary CD4+ T cells. Supporting their potential for therapeutic targeting, we showed that lead anti-sIL7R ASOs correct the enhanced exon 6 exclusion imposed by the MS risk allele of rs6897932, whereas lead pro-sIL7R ASOs phenocopy it. The data presented here form the foundation for future preclinical studies that will test the therapeutic potential of these ASOs in MS and immuno-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaddiel Galarza-Muñoz
- Autoimmunity BioSolutions, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Debbie Kennedy-Boone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Geraldine Schott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Autoimmunity BioSolutions, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
- Institute of Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550, USA
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20
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Takeda M, Kashima S, Fuchigami Y, Yoshino T, Kataoka TR, Yamasaki T, Kagamu H, Kobayashi T, Akamatsu S. Case Report: A Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma Unclassified With Medullary Phenotype Exhibiting a Favorable Response to Combined Immune Checkpoint Blockade. Front Immunol 2022; 13:934991. [PMID: 35865543 PMCID: PMC9294239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.934991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma unclassified with medullary phenotype (RCCU-MP) is an extremely rare variant of kidney cancer with poor prognosis. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been the mainstay of treatment for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the efficacy of ICI in the treatment of RCCU-MP remains unclear. Here, we report about a 63-year-old Japanese man who was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of RCC of the left kidney with multiple–lymph node involvement (cT3aN1M1). The patient underwent nephrectomy with lymph node biopsy, which was histopathologically diagnosed as RCCU-MP. Thereafter, he received combined immune checkpoint blockade with nivolumab and ipilimumab. After induction therapy, follow-up computed tomography revealed shrinkage of the metastatic lymph nodes. Moreover, the patient was relieved of his subjective symptoms and his performance status improved. However, after 15 months, maintenance ICI therapy was discontinued because of disease progression, and the patient died 28 months after diagnosis. Longitudinal analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed increased stem cell memory and central memory CD8+ T-cell subsets during response to therapy and enhanced expression of exhaustion markers on CD8+ T cells upon treatment resistance. Combined immune checkpoint blockade could be effective in the treatment of metastatic RCCU-MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takeda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Soki Kashima
- Department of Urology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yasushi Fuchigami
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuki R. Kataoka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toshinari Yamasaki
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shusuke Akamatsu, ; Takashi Kobayashi,
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shusuke Akamatsu, ; Takashi Kobayashi,
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21
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Leilei Z, Kewen Z, Biao H, Fang H, Yigang W. The Role of Chemokine IL-7 in Tumor and Its Potential Antitumor Immunity. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:243-250. [PMID: 35613386 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2021.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine belonging to the chemokine family. It plays a key role in the differentiation, development, and maturation of T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes, which is pivotal to adaptive immunity. In addition to its role in lymphocyte development, recent studies have indicated the antitumor functions of IL-7 in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the role of IL-7 in tumors and summarize its antitumor potential and clinical application in lymphoma, leukemia, breast cancer, colon cancer, and so on. Furthermore, the combinational strategies of IL-7 and other antitumor drugs have been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Leilei
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Shaoxing, China
| | - Zhou Kewen
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Bachelor of Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Huang Biao
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wang Yigang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Shaoxing, China
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22
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Tseng PC, Chen CL, Lee KY, Feng PH, Wang YC, Satria RD, Lin CF. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition hinders interferon-γ-dependent immunosurveillance in lung cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2022; 539:215712. [PMID: 35490920 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in cancer metastasis; nevertheless, interferon (IFN)-γ induces anticancer activities by causing cell growth suppression, cytotoxicity, and migration inhibition. Regarding the poor response to exogenously administered IFN-γ as anticancer therapy, it was hypothesized that malignant cells may acquire a means of escaping from IFN-γ immunosurveillance, likely through an EMT-related process. A genomic analysis of human lung cancers revealed a negative link between the EMT and IFN-γ signaling, while compared to human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, IFN-γ-hyporesponsive AS2 cells exhibited mesenchymal characteristics. Chemically, physically, and genetically engineered EMT attenuated IFN-γ-induced IFN regulatory factor 1 transactivation. Poststimulation of transforming growth factor-β induced the EMT and also selectively retarded IFN-γ-responsive gene expression as well as IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 activation, major histocompatibility complex I, and CD54 expression, cell migration/invasion inhibition, and direct/indirect cytotoxicity. Without changes in IFN-γ receptors, excessive oxidative activation of Src homology-2 containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) in cells undergoing the EMT primarily caused cellular hyporesponsiveness to IFN-γ signaling and cytotoxicity, while combining an SHP2 inhibitor or antioxidant sensitized EMT-associated AS2 and mesenchymal A549 cells to IFN-γ-induced priming effects on tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand cytotoxicity. In cell line-derived xenograft models, combined treatment with IFN-γ and an SHP2 inhibitor induced enhanced anticancer activities. These results imply that EMT-associated SHP2 activation inhibits IFN-γ signaling, facilitating lung cancer cell escape from IFN-γ immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yuan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Feng
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Rahmat Dani Satria
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia; Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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23
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Carlino F, Diana A, Piccolo A, Ventriglia A, Bruno V, De Santo I, Letizia O, De Vita F, Daniele B, Ciardiello F, Orditura M. Immune-Based Therapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: From Molecular Biology to Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092102. [PMID: 35565233 PMCID: PMC9103968 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been considered for many years an orphan disease in terms of therapeutic options, with conventional chemotherapy (CT) still representing the mainstay of treatment in the majority of patients. Although breast cancer (BC) has been historically considered a "cold tumor", exciting progress in the genomic field leading to the characterization of the molecular portrait and the immune profile of TNBC has opened the door to novel therapeutic strategies, including Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs). In particular, compared to standard CT, the immune-based approach has been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in metastatic PD-L1-positive TNBC and the pathological complete response rate in the early setting, regardless of PD-L1 expression. To date, PD-L1 has been widely used as a predictor of the response to ICIs; however, many patients do not benefit from the addition of immunotherapy. Therefore, PD-L1 is not a reliable predictive biomarker of the response, and its accuracy remains controversial due to the lack of a consensus about the assay, the antibody, and the scoring system to adopt, as well as the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the PD-L1 status. In the precision medicine era, there is an urgent need to identify more sensitive biomarkers in the BC immune oncology field other than just PD-L1 expression. Through the characterization of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the analysis of peripheral blood and the evaluation of immune gene signatures, novel potential biomarkers have been explored, such as the Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB), Microsatellite Instability/Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MSI/dMMR) status, genomic and epigenomic alterations and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). This review aims to summarize the recent knowledge on BC immunograms and on the biomarkers proposed to support ICI-based therapy in TNBC, as well as to provide an overview of the potential strategies to enhance the immune response in order to overcome the mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carlino
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ave Gratia Plena, San Felice a Cancello, 81027 Caserta, Italy; (I.D.S.); (O.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-349-5152216
| | - Anna Diana
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Antonio Piccolo
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Anna Ventriglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Vincenzo Bruno
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Irene De Santo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ave Gratia Plena, San Felice a Cancello, 81027 Caserta, Italy; (I.D.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Ortensio Letizia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale Ave Gratia Plena, San Felice a Cancello, 81027 Caserta, Italy; (I.D.S.); (O.L.)
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Bruno Daniele
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.D.); (B.D.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
| | - Michele Orditura
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.P.); (A.V.); (V.B.); (F.D.V.); (F.C.); (M.O.)
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24
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Revisiting the melanomagenic pathways and current therapeutic approaches. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9651-9671. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Wu G, He M, Ren K, Ma H, Xue Q. Inducible Co-Stimulator ICOS Expression Correlates with Immune Cell Infiltration and Can Predict Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:3739-3751. [PMID: 35418779 PMCID: PMC8995865 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s349441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) is a cell-enhanced co-stimulatory receptor that has shown great potential in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. However, the role of ICOS in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. Methods We used data from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database to identify the expression and prognostic role of ICOS in LUAD. The results were validated using Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) and Kaplan-Meier plotter databases. A model with predictive performance for overall survival of LUAD patients was constructed using fitted ICOS expression and other clinical parameters. We explored the biological function of ICOS. Subsequently, we further analysed and validated the effect of ICOS expression on tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) and survival. Finally, the CellMiner database was used to determine the relationship between ICOS expression and drug sensitivity. Results ICOS expression is significantly associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancers, especially LUAD, and is a good predictor of overall survival in LUAD patients. The biological function is to promote autoimmunity and inhibit cell proliferation. ICOS-related survival prediction model developed to more accurately predict 1-, 3- and 5-year survival probabilities for LUAD patients. In addition, we can use the expression of ICOS to effectively assess patient malignancy, prognosis, TIME status and clinical combination of drugs. Conclusion Our results suggest that ICOS is correlated with prognosis and immune infiltrating levels in LUAD. Higher ICOS expression predicts better TIME. This study provides a novel strategy for the development of immunotherapeutic and prognostic markers in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gujie Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min He
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kuan Ren
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Ma
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Xue
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Qun Xue, Email
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26
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Shi J, Liu J, Tu X, Li B, Tong Z, Wang T, Zheng Y, Shi H, Zeng X, Chen W, Yin W, Fang W. Single-cell immune signature for detecting early-stage HCC and early assessing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003133. [PMID: 35101942 PMCID: PMC8804705 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can greatly improve patients’ 5-year survival rate, and the early efficacy assessment is important for oncologists to harness the anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in patients with advanced HCC. The lack of effective predicting biomarkers not only leads to delayed detection of the disease but also results in ineffective immunotherapy and limited clinical survival benefit. Methods We exploited the single-cell approach (cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF)) to analyze peripheral blood mononuclear cells from multicohorts of human samples. Immune signatures for different stages of patients with HCC were systematically profiled and statistically compared. Furthermore, the dynamic changes of peripheral immune compositions for both first-line and second-line patients with HCC after anti-PD-1 monotherapy were also evaluated and systematically compared. Results We identified stage-specific immune signatures for HCC and constructed a logistic AdaBoost-SVM classifier based on these signatures. The classifier provided superior performance in predicting early-stage HCC over the commonly used serum alpha-fetoprotein level. We also revealed the treatment stage-specific immune signatures from peripheral blood and their dynamical changing patterns, all of which were integrated to achieve early discrimination of patients with non-durable benefit for both first-line and second-line anti-PD-1 monotherapies. Conclusions Our newly identified single-cell peripheral immune signatures provide promising non-invasive biomarkers for early detection of HCC and early assessment for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy in patients with advanced HCC. These new findings can potentially facilitate early diagnosis and novel immunotherapy for patients with HCC in future practice and further guide the utility of CyTOF in clinical translation of cancer research. Trial registration numbers NCT02576509 and NCT02989922.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Shi
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Tong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Zhejiang Puluoting Health Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Shi
- Zhejiang Puluoting Health Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Departments of Cell Biology and Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Center for Integrated Oncology and Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Yin
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China .,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument of Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, & Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Zhong Z, Vong CT, Chen F, Tan H, Zhang C, Wang N, Cui L, Wang Y, Feng Y. Immunomodulatory potential of natural products from herbal medicines as immune checkpoints inhibitors: Helping to fight against cancer via multiple targets. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1246-1279. [PMID: 35028953 PMCID: PMC9306614 DOI: 10.1002/med.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy sheds new light to cancer treatment and is satisfied by cancer patients. However, immunotoxicity, single‐source antibodies, and single‐targeting stratege are potential challenges to the success of cancer immunotherapy. A huge number of promising lead compounds for cancer treatment are of natural origin from herbal medicines. The application of natural products from herbal medicines that have immunomodulatory properties could alter the landscape of immunotherapy drastically. The present study summarizes current medication for cancer immunotherapy and discusses the potential chemicals from herbal medicines as immune checkpoint inhibitors that have a broad range of immunomodulatory effects. Therefore, this review provides valuable insights into the efficacy and mechanism of actions of cancer immunotherapies, including natural products and combined treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, which could confer an improved clinical outcome for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfeng Zhong
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Feiyu Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Horyue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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28
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He X, Zhou S, Dolan M, Shi Y, Wang J, Quinn B, Jahagirdar D, Huang WC, Tsuji M, Pili R, Ito F, Ortega J, Abrams SI, Ebos JML, Lovell JF. Immunization with short peptide particles reveals a functional CD8 + T-cell neoepitope in a murine renal carcinoma model. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003101. [PMID: 34862254 PMCID: PMC8647534 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of CD8+ T cells that recognize immunogenic, mutated protein fragments in the context of major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) is a pressing challenge for cancer vaccine development. METHODS Using the commonly used murine renal adenocarcinoma RENCA cancer model, MHC-I restricted neoepitopes are predicted following next-generation sequencing. Candidate neoepitopes are screened in mice using a potent cancer vaccine adjuvant system that converts short peptides into immunogenic nanoparticles. An identified functional neoepitope vaccine is then tested in various therapeutic experimental tumor settings. RESULTS Conversion of 20 short MHC-I restricted neoepitope candidates into immunogenic nanoparticles results in antitumor responses with multivalent vaccination. Only a single neoepitope candidate, Nesprin-2 L4492R (Nes2LR), induced functional responses but still did so when included within 20-plex or 60-plex particles. Immunization with the short Nes2LR neoepitope with the immunogenic particle-inducing vaccine adjuvant prevented tumor growth at doses multiple orders of magnitude less than with other vaccine adjuvants, which were ineffective. Nes2LR vaccination inhibited or eradicated disease in subcutaneous, experimental lung metastasis and orthotopic tumor models, synergizing with immune checkpoint blockade. CONCLUSION These findings establish the feasibility of using short, MHC-I-restricted neoepitopes for straightforward immunization with multivalent or validated neoepitopes to induce cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the Nes2LR neoepitope could be useful for preclinical studies involving renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shiqi Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Melissa Dolan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Yuhao Shi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Center for Computational Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Breandan Quinn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Dushyant Jahagirdar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wei-Chiao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Moriya Tsuji
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Fumito Ito
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Joaquin Ortega
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Scott I Abrams
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - John M L Ebos
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan F Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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29
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Beyond immune checkpoint blockade: emerging immunological strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:899-919. [PMID: 33686237 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00155-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of checkpoint inhibitors has accelerated the clinical implementation of a vast mosaic of single agents and combination immunotherapies. However, the lack of clinical translation for a number of immunotherapies as monotherapies or in combination with checkpoint inhibitors has clarified that new strategies must be employed to advance the field. The next chapter of immunotherapy should examine the immuno-oncology therapeutic failures, and consider the complexity of immune cell-cancer cell interactions to better design more effective anticancer drugs. Herein, we briefly review the history of immunotherapy and checkpoint blockade, highlighting important clinical failures. We discuss the critical aspects - beyond T cell co-receptors - of immune processes within the tumour microenvironment (TME) that may serve as avenues along which new therapeutic strategies in immuno-oncology can be forged. Emerging insights into tumour biology suggest that successful future therapeutics will focus on two key factors: rescuing T cell homing and dysfunction in the TME, and reappropriating mononuclear phagocyte function for TME inflammatory remodelling. New drugs will need to consider the complex cell networks that exist within tumours and among cancer types.
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30
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Shi LZ, Bonner JA. Bridging Radiotherapy to Immunotherapy: The IFN-JAK-STAT Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12295. [PMID: 34830176 PMCID: PMC8619591 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented successes of immunotherapies (IOs) including immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) and adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) in patients with late-stage cancer provide proof-of-principle evidence that harnessing the immune system, in particular T cells, can be an effective approach to eradicate cancer. This instills strong interests in understanding the immunomodulatory effects of radiotherapy (RT), an area that was actually investigated more than a century ago but had been largely ignored for many decades. With the "newly" discovered immunogenic responses from RT, numerous endeavors have been undertaken to combine RT with IOs, in order to bolster anti-tumor immunity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined, which is a subject of much investigation. We therefore conducted a systematic literature search on the molecular underpinnings of RT-induced immunomodulation and IOs, which identified the IFN-JAK-STAT pathway as a major regulator. Our further analysis of relevant studies revealed that the signaling strength and duration of this pathway in response to RT and IOs may determine eventual immunological outcomes. We propose that strategic targeting of this axis can boost the immunostimulatory effects of RT and radiosensitizing effects of IOs, thereby promoting the efficacy of combination therapy of RT and IOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Zhichang Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Programs in Immunology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A. Bonner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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31
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Sasson SC, Slevin SM, Cheung VT, Nassiri I, Olsson-Brown A, Fryer E, Ferreira RC, Trzupek D, Gupta T, Al-Hillawi L, Issaias ML, Easton A, Campo L, FitzPatrick ME, Adams J, Chitnis M, Protheroe A, Tuthill M, Coupe N, Simmons A, Payne M, Middleton MR, Travis SP, Fairfax BP, Klenerman P, Brain O. Interferon-Gamma-Producing CD8 + Tissue Resident Memory T Cells Are a Targetable Hallmark of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Colitis. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:1229-1244.e9. [PMID: 34147519 PMCID: PMC8527886 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-colitis remains incompletely understood. We sought to identify key cellular drivers of ICI-colitis and their similarities to idiopathic ulcerative colitis, and to determine potential novel therapeutic targets. METHODS We used a cross-sectional approach to study patients with ICI-colitis, those receiving ICI without the development of colitis, idiopathic ulcerative colitis, and healthy controls. A subset of patients with ICI-colitis were studied longitudinally. We applied a range of methods, including multiparameter and spectral flow cytometry, spectral immunofluorescence microscopy, targeted gene panels, and bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing. RESULTS We demonstrate CD8+ tissue resident memory T (TRM) cells are the dominant activated T cell subset in ICI-colitis. The pattern of gastrointestinal immunopathology is distinct from ulcerative colitis at both the immune and epithelial-signaling levels. CD8+ TRM cell activation correlates with clinical and endoscopic ICI-colitis severity. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis confirms activated CD8+ TRM cells express high levels of transcripts for checkpoint inhibitors and interferon-gamma in ICI-colitis. We demonstrate similar findings in both anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 combination therapy and in anti-PD-1 inhibitor-associated colitis. On the basis of our data, we successfully targeted this pathway in a patient with refractory ICI-colitis, using the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib. CONCLUSIONS Interferon gamma-producing CD8+ TRM cells are a pathological hallmark of ICI-colitis and a novel target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Sasson
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie M. Slevin
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent T.F. Cheung
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Isar Nassiri
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Olsson-Brown
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom,The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre National Health Service Foundation Trust, Wirral, United Kingdom
| | - Eve Fryer
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ricardo C. Ferreira
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dominik Trzupek
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lulia Al-Hillawi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mari-lenna Issaias
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Easton
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Leticia Campo
- Translational Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E.B. FitzPatrick
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joss Adams
- Berkshire Cancer Centre, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Meenali Chitnis
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Protheroe
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Tuthill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Coupe
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Simmons
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miranda Payne
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R. Middleton
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon P.L. Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Benjamin P. Fairfax
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford and Oxford Cancer Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Brain
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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32
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Hot or cold: Bioengineering immune contextures into in vitro patient-derived tumor models. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113791. [PMID: 33965462 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have proven to be tremendously effective for a subset of cancer patients. However, it is difficult to predict the response of individual patients and efforts are now directed at understanding the mechanisms of ICI resistance. Current models of patient tumors poorly recapitulate the immune contexture, which describe immune parameters that are associated with patient survival. In this Review, we discuss parameters that influence the induction of different immune contextures found within tumors and how engineering strategies may be leveraged to recapitulate these contextures to develop the next generation of immune-competent patient-derived in vitro models.
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33
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Mouratidis PXE, Costa M, Rivens I, Repasky EE, ter Haar G. Pulsed focused ultrasound can improve the anti-cancer effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors in murine pancreatic cancer. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210266. [PMID: 34229458 PMCID: PMC8261215 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (pHIFU) uses acoustic pressure to physically disrupt tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pHIFU can be used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) to enhance survival of tumour-bearing animals. Murine orthotopic pancreatic KPC tumours were exposed both to a grid of pHIFU lesions (peak negative pressure = 17 MPa, frequency = 1.5 MHz, duty cycle = 1%, 1 pulse s-1, duration = 25 s) and to anti-CTLA-4/anti-PD-1 antibodies. Acoustic cavitation was detected using a weakly focused passive sensor. Tumour dimensions were measured with B-mode ultrasound before treatment and with callipers post-mortem. Immune cell subtypes were quantified with immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. pHIFU treatment of pancreatic tumours resulted in detectable acoustic cavitation and increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the tumours of pHIFU and pHIFU + ICI-treated subjects compared with sham-exposed subjects. Survival of subjects treated with pHIFU + ICI was extended relative to both control untreated subjects and those treated with either pHIFU or ICI alone. Subjects treated with pHIFU + ICI had increased levels of CD8+IFNγ+ T cells, increased ratios of CD8+IFNγ+ to CD3+CD4+FoxP3+ and CD11b+Ly6G+ cells, and decreased CD11chigh cells in their tumours compared with controls. These results provide evidence that pHIFU combined with ICI may have potential for use in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros X. E. Mouratidis
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research—Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Marcia Costa
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research—Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ian Rivens
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research—Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth E. Repasky
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Gail ter Haar
- Joint Department of Physics, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research—Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
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Wang Y, Wang M, Wu HX, Xu RH. Advancing to the era of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:803-829. [PMID: 34165252 PMCID: PMC8441060 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer greatly affects the quality of life of humans worldwide and the number of patients suffering from it is continuously increasing. Over the last century, numerous treatments have been developed to improve the survival of cancer patients but substantial progress still needs to be made before cancer can be truly cured. In recent years, antitumor immunity has become the most debated topic in cancer research and the booming development of immunotherapy has led to a new epoch in cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the relationships between tumors and the immune system, and the rise of immunotherapy. Then, we summarize the characteristics of tumor‐associated immunity and immunotherapeutic strategies with various molecular mechanisms by showing the typical immune molecules whose antibodies are broadly used in the clinic and those that are still under investigation. We also discuss important elements from individual cells to the whole human body, including cellular mutations and modulation, metabolic reprogramming, the microbiome, and the immune contexture. In addition, we also present new observations and technical advancements of both diagnostic and therapeutic methods aimed at cancer immunotherapy. Lastly, we discuss the controversies and challenges that negatively impact patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Xiang Wu
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China.,Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, P. R. China
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Li Y, Miao W, He D, Wang S, Lou J, Jiang Y, Wang S. Recent Progress on Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: Tumor Microenvironment, Nanotechnology and More. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:680315. [PMID: 34150736 PMCID: PMC8207056 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.680315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a major emerging treatment for breast cancer (BC). However, not all breast cancer patients derive benefit from immunotherapy. Predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy, such as tumor mutation burden and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, are promising to stratify the patients with BC and optimize the therapeutic effect. Various targets of the immune response pathway have also been explored to expand the modalities of immunotherapy. The use of nanotechnology for the imaging of predictive biomarkers and the combination with other therapeutic modalities presents a number of advantages for the immunotherapy of BC. In this review, we summary the emerging therapeutic modalities of immunotherapy, present prominent examples of immunotherapy in BC, and discuss the future opportunity of nanotechnology in the immunotherapy of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenfang Miao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Doudou He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjuan Lou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanni Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shouju Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chopra A, Zamora R, Vodovotz Y, Hodges JC, Barclay D, Brand R, Simmons RL, Lee KK, Paniccia A, Murthy P, Lotze MT, Boone BA, Zureikat AH. Baseline Plasma Inflammatory Profile Is Associated With Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J Immunother 2021; 44:185-192. [PMID: 33935273 PMCID: PMC8102434 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite its increased application in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), complete response to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) is rare. Given the critical role of host immunity in regulating cancer, we sought to correlate baseline inflammatory profiles to significant response to NAT. PDAC patients receiving NAT were classified as responders (R) or nonresponders (NR) by carbohydrate antigen 19-9 response, pathologic tumor size, and lymph node status in the resected specimen. Baseline (treatment-naive) plasma was analyzed to determine levels of 27 inflammatory mediators. Logistic regression was used to correlate individual mediators with response. Network analysis and Pearson correlation maps were derived to determine baseline inflammatory mediator profiles. Forty patients (20R and 20NR) met study criteria. The R showed significantly higher overall survival (59.4 vs. 21.25 mo, P=0.002) and disease-free survival (50.97 vs. 10.60 mo, P=0.005), compared with NR. soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha was a significant predictor of no response to NAT (P=0.045). Analysis of inflammatory profiles using the Pearson heat map analysis followed by network analysis depicted increased inflammatory network complexity in NR compared with R (1.69 vs. 1), signifying a more robust baseline inflammatory status of NR. A panel of inflammatory mediators identified by logistic regression and Fischer score analysis was used to create a potential decision tree to predict NAT response. We demonstrate that baseline inflammatory profiles are associated with response to NAT in PDAC, and that an upregulated inflammatory status is associated with a poor response to NAT. Further analysis into the role of inflammatory mediators as predictors of chemotherapy response is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Chopra
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ruben Zamora
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yoram Vodovotz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacob C. Hodges
- Wolff Center of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derek Barclay
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Randall Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Richard L. Simmons
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth K Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alessandro Paniccia
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pranav Murthy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Departments of Immunology and Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian A. Boone
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Amer H. Zureikat
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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37
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Pirolli NH, Bentley WE, Jay SM. Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles and the Gut-Microbiota Brain Axis: Emerging Roles in Communication and Potential as Therapeutics. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e2000540. [PMID: 33857347 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have emerged as candidate signaling vectors for long-distance interkingdom communication within the gut-microbiota brain axis. Most bacteria release these nanosized vesicles, capable of signaling to the brain via their abundant protein and small RNA cargo, possibly directly via crossing the blood-brain barrier. BEVs have been shown to regulate brain gene expression and induce pathology at most stages of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, and thus they may play a causal role in diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and depression/anxiety. On the other hand, BEVs have intrinsic therapeutic properties that may be relevant to probiotic therapy and can also be engineered to function as drug delivery vehicles and vaccines. Thus, BEVs may be both a cause of and solution to neuropathological conditions. In this review, current knowledge of the physiological roles of BEVs as well as state of the art pertaining to the development of therapeutic BEVs in the context of the microbiome-gut-brain axis are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H Pirolli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, 3102 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - William E Bentley
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, Robert E. Fischell Institute, and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, 5120A A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Steven M Jay
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Maryland, 3116 A. James Clark Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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38
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Lalle G, Twardowski J, Grinberg-Bleyer Y. NF-κB in Cancer Immunity: Friend or Foe? Cells 2021; 10:355. [PMID: 33572260 PMCID: PMC7914614 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of immunotherapies has definitely proven the tight relationship between malignant and immune cells, its impact on cancer outcome and its therapeutic potential. In this context, it is undoubtedly critical to decipher the transcriptional regulation of these complex interactions. Following early observations demonstrating the roles of NF-κB in cancer initiation and progression, a series of studies converge to establish NF-κB as a master regulator of immune responses to cancer. Importantly, NF-κB is a family of transcriptional activators and repressors that can act at different stages of cancer immunity. In this review, we provide an overview of the selective cell-intrinsic contributions of NF-κB to the distinct cell types that compose the tumor immune environment. We also propose a new view of NF-κB targeting drugs as a new class of immunotherapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France; (G.L.); (J.T.)
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39
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Peng M, Xiao D, Bu Y, Long J, Yang X, Lv S, Yang X. Novel Combination Therapies for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:539527. [PMID: 33585182 PMCID: PMC7873600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.539527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer world-wide and ranks 13th in cancer-related deaths. Two tremendous breakthroughs in bladder cancer therapy over the last decades are the approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)and the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (FGFR-TKI) erdafitinib for treating this deadly disease. Despite the beneficial effects of these approaches, the low response rate and the potential resistance of the cancer are major concerns. Hence, novel combination therapies to overcome these limitations have been investigated. In this context, combining immunotherapy with targeted drugs is an appealing therapeutic option to improve response and reduce the emergence of resistance in the management of bladder cancer. In this review, the rationale of using different therapeutic combinations is discussed according to the mechanistic differences, emphasizing the efficacy and safety based on evidence collected from preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we highlight the limitations of these combinations and provide suggestions for further efforts in this challenging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yizhi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiahui Long
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhe Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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40
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Robilliard LD, Yu J, Anchan A, Joseph W, Finlay G, Angel CE, Scott Graham E. Comprehensive analysis of inhibitory checkpoint ligand expression by glioblastoma cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:403-418. [PMID: 33217047 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain malignancy commonly refractory to classical and novel chemo-, radio- and immunotherapies, with median survival times of ~15 months following diagnosis. Poor immunological responses exemplified by the downregulation of T-cell activity, and upregulation of immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment have limited the effectiveness of immunotherapy in glioblastoma to date. Here we show that glioblastoma cells express a large repertoire of inhibitory checkpoint ligands known to control effector T cell responses. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis reveals that glioblastoma cells with an enhanced stem cell-like phenotype express several investigated ligands at significant levels on their cell surface. This reveals that glioblastoma stem-like cells express suppressive ligands with the potential of suppressing major T cell checkpoint receptors. With this information, it is now essential that we understand the relevance of this extensive repertoire of immune checkpoint ligands and their functional consequence on immune evasion in glioblastoma. This is necessary to develop effective immunotherapeutics and to be able to match treatment to patient, especially in the light of CheckMate 143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laverne D Robilliard
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jane Yu
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Akshata Anchan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Joseph
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Graeme Finlay
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine E Angel
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Scott Graham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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41
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Principe N, Kidman J, Goh S, Tilsed CM, Fisher SA, Fear VS, Forbes CA, Zemek RM, Chopra A, Watson M, Dick IM, Boon L, Holt RA, Lake RA, Nowak AK, Lesterhuis WJ, McDonnell AM, Chee J. Tumor Infiltrating Effector Memory Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells Predict Response to Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:584423. [PMID: 33262762 PMCID: PMC7688517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.584423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) results in durable responses in individuals with some cancers, but not all patients respond to treatment. ICT improves CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function, but changes in tumor antigen-specific CTLs post-ICT that correlate with successful responses have not been well characterized. Here, we studied murine tumor models with dichotomous responses to ICT. We tracked tumor antigen-specific CTL frequencies and phenotype before and after ICT in responding and non-responding animals. Tumor antigen-specific CTLs increased within tumor and draining lymph nodes after ICT, and exhibited an effector memory-like phenotype, expressing IL-7R (CD127), KLRG1, T-bet, and granzyme B. Responding tumors exhibited higher infiltration of effector memory tumor antigen-specific CTLs, but lower frequencies of regulatory T cells compared to non-responders. Tumor antigen-specific CTLs persisted in responding animals and formed memory responses against tumor antigens. Our results suggest that increased effector memory tumor antigen-specific CTLs, in the presence of reduced immunosuppression within tumors is part of a successful ICT response. Temporal and nuanced analysis of T cell subsets provides a potential new source of immune based biomarkers for response to ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principe
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joel Kidman
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Siting Goh
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Tilsed
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Scott A Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Abha Chopra
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Mark Watson
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Ian M Dick
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Willem Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alison M McDonnell
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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42
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The many-sided contributions of NF-κB to T-cell biology in health and disease. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 361:245-300. [PMID: 34074496 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
T cells (or T lymphocytes) exhibit a myriad of functions in immune responses, ranging from pathogen clearance to autoimmunity, cancer and even non-lymphoid tissue homeostasis. Therefore, deciphering the molecular mechanisms orchestrating their specification, function and gene expression pattern is critical not only for our comprehension of fundamental biology, but also for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. Among the master regulators of T-cell identity, the functions of the NF-κB family of transcription factors have been under scrutiny for several decades. However, a more precise understanding of their pleiotropic functions is only just emerging. In this review we will provide a global overview of the roles of NF-κB in the different flavors of mature T cells. We aim at highlighting the complex and sometimes diverging roles of the five NF-κB subunits in health and disease.
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43
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Tambaro R, Napoli MD, Pisano C, Cecere SC, Attademo L, Rossetti S, Feroce F, Setola S, Califano D, Russo D, Spina A, Perdonà S, Izzo A, Pignata S. From clinical trials to clinical use of checkpoint inhibitors for patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. Immunotherapy 2020; 13:67-77. [PMID: 33045887 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies targeting the checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs), programmed cell death protein-1 or programmed cell death ligand-1, are changing the landscape of urothelial carcinoma therapeutics. Overall, clinical studies in metastatic or advanced urothelial cancer showed that CPIs provided a slight improvement in survival and a relevant advantage in safety, compared with chemotherapy. After reviewing published and ongoing trials, the authors discuss expected answers to unmet needs, with a special attention to the research of biological markers for patients with urothelial cancer eligible for treatment with CPIs in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tambaro
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marilena Di Napoli
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmela Pisano
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiara Cecere
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Attademo
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossetti
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | - Florinda Feroce
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Setola
- Radiology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Califano
- Functional Genomic Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Functional Genomic Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Spina
- Functional Genomic Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sisto Perdonà
- Urology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Izzo
- Urology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Sandro Pignata
- Department of Urology & Gynecology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori 'Fondazione G Pascale' IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
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44
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Jorgovanovic D, Song M, Wang L, Zhang Y. Roles of IFN-γ in tumor progression and regression: a review. Biomark Res 2020; 8:49. [PMID: 33005420 PMCID: PMC7526126 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-020-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 475] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plays a key role in activation of cellular immunity and subsequently, stimulation of antitumor immune-response. Based on its cytostatic, pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative functions, IFN-γ is considered potentially useful for adjuvant immunotherapy for different types of cancer. Moreover, it IFN-γ may inhibit angiogenesis in tumor tissue, induce regulatory T-cell apoptosis, and/or stimulate the activity of M1 proinflammatory macrophages to overcome tumor progression. However, the current understanding of the roles of IFN-γ in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may be misleading in terms of its clinical application. MAIN BODY Some researchers believe it has anti-tumorigenic properties, while others suggest that it contributes to tumor growth and progression. In our recent work, we have shown that concentration of IFN-γ in the TME determines its function. Further, it was reported that tumors treated with low-dose IFN-γ acquired metastatic properties while those infused with high dose led to tumor regression. Pro-tumorigenic role may be described through IFN-γ signaling insensitivity, downregulation of major histocompatibility complexes, upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and checkpoint inhibitors such as programmed cell death ligand 1. CONCLUSION Significant research efforts are required to decipher IFN-γ-dependent pro- and anti-tumorigenic effects. This review discusses the current knowledge concerning the roles of IFN-γ in the TME as a part of the complex immune response to cancer and highlights the importance of identifying IFN-γ responsive patients to improve their sensitivity to immuno-therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragica Jorgovanovic
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Mengjia Song
- Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Liping Wang
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
- Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
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45
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Hrabos D, Hnizdilova T, Tomala J, Uhlik J, Kovar M. IL-7/αIL-7 mAb M25 immunocomplexes expand CD8 + T cells but paradoxically abrogate the antitumor activity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage. Cytokine 2020; 133:155174. [PMID: 32599539 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Supraphysiological levels of IL-7 induce increase counts of pre-B cells, naive T cells and memory phenotype CD8+ T cells. Immunocomplexes of IL-7 and αIL-7 mAb M25 (IL-7/M25) were described as IL-7 superagonist in vivo. Thus, treatment of mice with IL-7/M25 remarkably increases the size of the T cell pool. We decided to use IL-7/M25 in order to expand the T cell population prior to the administration of αCTLA-4 and αPD-1 mAbs in tumor-bearing mice and in turn boost the immunotherapy based on a combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage. We found that just four doses of IL-7/M25 increased the absolute numbers of splenocytes approximately fivefold and significantly shifted the CD4+:CD8+ T cell ratio in favor of CD8+ T cells. There was also a substantive increase in relative counts of memory phenotype CD8+ T cells (approximately threefold) within CD8+ T cells but a significant decrease (approximately 30%) in relative counts of Treg cells within CD4+ T cells. All these data suggest that IL-7/M25 offer a suitable approach to potentiate tumor immunotherapy through CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage. Unexpectedly, IL-7/M25 significantly abrogated the antitumor activity of αCTLA-4 plus αPD-1 mAbs in the following mouse tumor models: MC-38 and CT26 colon carcinoma and B16F10 melanoma. This paradoxical effect of IL-7/M25 on the antitumor activity of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockage was not mediated via either increased levels of IL-10 or TGF-β in the sera or increased counts of IL-10-producing B or T cells in the spleen of mice injected with IL-7/M25. Thus, our work shows that caution should be exercised when combining two immunotherapy approaches together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Hrabos
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Hnizdilova
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Tomala
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Uhlik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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46
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Cytokines that target immune killer cells against tumors. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:722-727. [PMID: 32523115 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-stimulating cytokines have shown promise as monotherapies or in combination with other therapeutic modalities for immunotherapy of cancer. However, their efficacy is limited due to their short half-life, pleiotropic roles, and induction of severe toxicity even at therapeutic doses. To overcome these major therapeutic barriers, cytokine-based products are being further developed to improve their therapeutic index. These approaches include manipulating their activity to preferentially bind to effector immune cells rather than immune-suppressive cells, prolonging their half-life in vivo and modifying them to target tumors. This review focuses on IL-2, IL-15, and IL-10, which have potent effects on immune cells that mediate effective antitumor responses. We will summarize the recent progress of these cytokines in both preclinical studies and selective clinical applications and will discuss our perspectives on the development of new strategies to potentiate cytokine-based immunotherapy.
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47
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Kristi N, Gafur A, Kong L, Ma X, Ye Z, Wang G. Atomic Force Microscopy in Mechanoimmunology Analysis: A New Perspective for Cancer Immunotherapy. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900559. [PMID: 32240578 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has remarkable success outcomes against hematological malignancies with high rates of complete remission. To date, many studies have been conducted to increase its effectiveness in other types of cancer. However, it still yields unsatisfying results in solid tumor therapy. This limitation is partly attributed to the lack of understanding of how immunotherapy works in cancer from other perspectives. The traditional studies focus on the biological and chemical perspectives to determine which molecular substrates are involved in the immune system that can eradicate cancer cells. In the last decades, accumulating evidence has shown that physical properties also play important roles in the immune system to combat cancer, which is studied in mechanoimmunology. Mechanoimmunology analysis requires special tools; and herein, atomic force microscopy (AFM) appears as a versatile tool to determine and quantify the mechanical properties of a sample in nanometer precisions. Owing to its multifunctional capabilities, AFM can be used to explore immune system function from the physical perspective. This review paper explains the mechanoimmunology of how immune systems work through AFM, which includes mechanosignaling, mechanosensing, and mechanotransduction, with the aim to deepen the understanding of the mechanistic role of immunotherapy for further development in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kristi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Alidha Gafur
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing, 400014, P. R. China
| | - Xinshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing, 400030, China
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Bacterial outer membrane vesicles as a platform for biomedical applications: An update. J Control Release 2020; 323:253-268. [PMID: 32333919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are nano-sized spherical vehicles formed by lipid bilayer membranes and contain multiple parent bacteria-derived components. Based on the presence of bacterial antigens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), adhesins, various proteins and the vesicle structure, OMVs have been developed for biomedical applications as bacterial vaccines, adjuvants, cancer immunotherapy agents, drug delivery vehicles, and anti-bacteria adhesion agents. In this review, we analyze the contributions of the structure and composition of OMVs to their applications, summarize the methods used to isolate and characterize OMVs, and highlight recent progress and future perspectives of OMVs in biomedical applications.
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Zemek RM, Chin WL, Nowak AK, Millward MJ, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. Sensitizing the Tumor Microenvironment to Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32133005 PMCID: PMC7040078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, providing remarkable clinical responses in some patients. However, the majority of patients do not respond. It is therefore crucial both to identify predictive biomarkers of response and to increase the response rates to immune checkpoint therapy. In this review we explore the current literature about the predictive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and discuss therapeutic approaches that aim to change this toward a milieu that is conducive to response. We propose a personalized biomarker-based adaptive approach to immunotherapy, whereby a sensitizing therapy is tailored to the patient's specific tumor microenvironment, followed by on-treatment verification of a change in the targeted biomarker, followed by immune checkpoint therapy. By incorporating detailed knowledge of the immunological tumor microenvironment, we may be able to sensitize currently non-responsive tumors to respond to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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50
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Yang Y, Jin G, Pang Y, Huang Y, Wang W, Zhang H, Tuo G, Wu P, Wang Z, Zhu Z. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Nivolumab and Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab in Advanced Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:40. [PMID: 32116716 PMCID: PMC7033417 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been applied in the clinic to achieve synergistic effects and to improve clinical efficacy. Compared with monotherapy, combination therapy has promising efficacy against various advanced cancers. To further verify the effectiveness of combination therapy, we conducted a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of nivolumab (NIVO) and NIVO plus ipilimumab (IPI) in advanced cancer. Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, EMbase, and The Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for applicable studies published in English between January 1990 and June 2019. Relevant outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), median progression-free survival (mPFS), median overall survival (mOS), and grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs). Results A total of 1,297 patients from six studies were included. Compared with NIVO alone, NIVO + IPI was more efficacious for advanced tumors. Pooled outcome values were: ORR, 1.73 (95% CI: 1.34–2.23); DCR, 1.80 (95% CI: 1.21–2.69); mPFS, 0.22 (95% CI: 0.03–0.41); mOS, 0.03 (95% CI: −0.20–0.26); and grade 3–4 AEs, 3.64 (95% CI: 2.86–4.62). Conclusion NIVO + IPI is more effective than NIVO alone for the treatment of advanced cancer and can significantly improve ORR and DCR and prolong mPFS. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to validate the above conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gang Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yao Pang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yijie Huang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guangxin Tuo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zequan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zijiang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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