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Kee TR, Khan SA, Neidhart MB, Masters BM, Zhao VK, Kim YK, McGill Percy KC, Woo JAA. The multifaceted functions of β-arrestins and their therapeutic potential in neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:129-141. [PMID: 38212557 PMCID: PMC10834518 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01144-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Arrestins are multifunctional proteins that regulate G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, signaling, and internalization. The arrestin family consists of four subtypes: visual arrestin1, β-arrestin1, β-arrestin2, and visual arrestin-4. Recent studies have revealed the multifunctional roles of β-arrestins beyond GPCR signaling, including scaffolding and adapter functions, and physically interacting with non-GPCR receptors. Increasing evidence suggests that β-arrestins are involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and Parkinson's disease (PD). β-arrestins physically interact with γ-secretase, leading to increased production and accumulation of amyloid-beta in AD. Furthermore, β-arrestin oligomers inhibit the autophagy cargo receptor p62/SQSTM1, resulting in tau accumulation and aggregation in FTD. In PD, β-arrestins are upregulated in postmortem brain tissue and an MPTP model, and the β2AR regulates SNCA gene expression. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of β-arrestin1 and β-arrestin2, and describe their physiological functions and roles in neurodegenerative diseases. The multifaceted roles of β-arrestins and their involvement in neurodegenerative diseases suggest that they may serve as promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R Kee
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, USF Health College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33613, USA
| | - Sophia A Khan
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Maya B Neidhart
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Brianna M Masters
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Victoria K Zhao
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yenna K Kim
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | | | - Jung-A A Woo
- Department of Pathology, CWRU School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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2
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Xie RG, Xu GY, Wu SX, Luo C. Presynaptic glutamate receptors in nociception. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 251:108539. [PMID: 37783347 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a frequent, distressing and poorly understood health problem. Plasticity of synaptic transmission in the nociceptive pathways after inflammation or injury is assumed to be an important cellular basis for chronic, pathological pain. Glutamate serves as the main excitatory neurotransmitter at key synapses in the somatosensory nociceptive pathways, in which it acts on both ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors. Although conventionally postsynaptic, compelling anatomical and physiological evidence demonstrates the presence of presynaptic glutamate receptors in the nociceptive pathways. Presynaptic glutamate receptors play crucial roles in nociceptive synaptic transmission and plasticity. They modulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity, which in turn regulates pain sensitization. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of the expression of presynaptic glutamate receptors in the nociceptive pathways, and how they contribute to nociceptive information processing and pain hypersensitivity associated with inflammation / injury. We uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms of presynaptic glutamate receptors in shaping synaptic transmission and plasticity to mediate pain chronicity, which may provide therapeutic approaches for treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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3
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Berta T, Strong JA, Zhang JM, Ji RR. Targeting dorsal root ganglia and primary sensory neurons for the treatment of chronic pain: an update. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:665-678. [PMID: 37574713 PMCID: PMC10530032 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2247563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current treatments for chronic pain are inadequate. Here, we provide an update on the new therapeutic strategies that target dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in the peripheral nervous system for a better and safer treatment of chronic pain. AREAS COVERED Despite the complex nature of chronic pain and its underlying mechanisms, we do know that changes in the plasticity and modality of neurons in DRGs play a pivotal role. DRG neurons are heterogenous and offer potential pain targets for different therapeutic interventions. We discuss the last advancements of these interventions, which include the use of systemic and local administrations, selective nerve drug delivery, and gene therapy. In particular, we provide updates and further details on the molecular characterization of primary sensory neurons, new analgesics entering the market, and future gene therapy approaches. EXPERT OPINION DRGs and primary sensory neurons are promising targets for chronic pain treatment due to their key role in pain signaling, unique anatomical location, and the potential for different targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temugin Berta
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Judith A. Strong
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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4
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Pan W, Huang X, Yu Z, Ding Q, Xia L, Hua J, Gu B, Xiong Q, Yu H, Wang J, Xu Z, Zeng L, Bai G, Liu H. Netrin-3 Suppresses Diabetic Neuropathic Pain by Gating the Intra-epidermal Sprouting of Sensory Axons. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:745-758. [PMID: 36587114 PMCID: PMC10169969 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-01011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) is the most common disabling complication of diabetes. Emerging evidence has linked the pathogenesis of DNP to the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons into the epidermal area; however, the underlying molecular events remain poorly understood. Here we found that an axon guidance molecule, Netrin-3 (Ntn-3), was expressed in the sensory neurons of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), and downregulation of Ntn-3 expression was highly correlated with the severity of DNP in a diabetic mouse model. Genetic ablation of Ntn-3 increased the intra-epidermal sprouting of sensory axons and worsened the DNP in diabetic mice. In contrast, the elevation of Ntn-3 levels in DRGs significantly inhibited the intra-epidermal axon sprouting and alleviated DNP in diabetic mice. In conclusion, our studies identified Ntn-3 as an important regulator of DNP pathogenesis by gating the aberrant sprouting of sensory axons, indicating that Ntn-3 is a potential druggable target for DNP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xueyin Huang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zikai Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiongqiong Ding
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Liping Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurobiology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bokai Gu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qisong Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hualin Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junbo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Zhenzhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neurobiology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Ge Bai
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration, State Key Laboratory of Brain-machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognition, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Huaqing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
- Institute of Brain and Cognition, Zhejiang University City College School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
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5
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Ding X, Yu F, He X, Xu S, Yang G, Ren W. Rubbing Salt in the Wound: Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of Pain-Related Genes Reveals the Pain Adaptation of Cetaceans in Seawater. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243571. [PMID: 36552490 PMCID: PMC9774174 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain, usually caused by a strong or disruptive stimulus, is an unpleasant sensation that serves as a warning to organisms. To adapt to extreme environments, some terrestrial animals have evolved to be inherently insensitive to pain. Cetaceans are known as supposedly indifferent to pain from soft tissue injury representatives of marine mammals. However, the molecular mechanisms that explain how cetaceans are adapted to pain in response to seawater environment remain unclear. Here, we performed a molecular evolutionary analysis of pain-related genes in selected representatives of cetaceans. ASIC4 gene was identified to be pseudogenized in all odontocetes (toothed whales) except from Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whales), and relaxed selection of this gene was detected in toothed whales with pseudogenized ASIC4. In addition, positive selection was detected in pain perception (i.e., ASIC3, ANO1, CCK, and SCN9A) and analgesia (i.e., ASIC3, ANO1, CCK, and SCN9A) genes among the examined cetaceans. In this study, potential convergent amino acid substitutions within predicted proteins were found among the examined cetaceans and other terrestrial mammals, inhabiting extreme environments (e.g., V441I of TRPV1 in cetaceans and naked mole rats). Moreover, specific amino acid substitutions within predicted sequences of several proteins were found in the studied representatives of cetaceans (e.g., F56L and D163A of ASIC3, E88G of GRK2, and F159L of OPRD1). Most of the substitutions were located within important functional domains of proteins, affecting their protein functions. The above evidence suggests that cetaceans might have undergone adaptive molecular evolution in pain-related genes through different evolutionary patterns to adapt to pain, resulting in greater sensitivity to pain and more effective analgesia. This study could have implications for diagnosis and treatment of human pain.
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Chen G, Xu J, Luo H, Luo X, Singh SK, Ramirez JJ, James ML, Mathew JP, Berger M, Eroglu C, Ji RR. Hevin/Sparcl1 drives pathological pain through spinal cord astrocyte and NMDA receptor signaling. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161028. [PMID: 36256481 PMCID: PMC9746899 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High endothelial venule protein/SPARC-like 1 (hevin/Sparcl1) is an astrocyte-secreted protein that regulates synapse formation in the brain. Here we show that astrocytic hevin signaling plays a critical role in maintaining chronic pain. Compared with WT mice, hevin-null mice exhibited normal mechanical and heat sensitivity but reduced inflammatory pain. Interestingly, hevin-null mice have faster recovery than WT mice from neuropathic pain after nerve injury. Intrathecal injection of WT hevin was sufficient to induce persistent mechanical allodynia in naive mice. In hevin-null mice with nerve injury, adeno-associated-virus-mediated (AAV-mediated) re-expression of hevin in glial fibrillary acidic protein-expressing (GFAP-expressing) spinal cord astrocytes could reinstate neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, hevin is crucial for spinal cord NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signaling. Hevin-potentiated N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) currents are mediated by GluN2B-containing NMDARs. Furthermore, intrathecal injection of a neutralizing Ab against hevin alleviated acute and persistent inflammatory pain, postoperative pain, and neuropathic pain. Secreted hevin that was detected in mouse cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and nerve injury significantly increased CSF hevin abundance. Finally, neurosurgery caused rapid and substantial increases in SPARCL1/HEVIN levels in human CSF. Collectively, our findings support a critical role of hevin and astrocytes in the maintenance of chronic pain. Neutralizing of secreted hevin with monoclonal Ab may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating acute and chronic pain and NMDAR-medicated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Hao Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Xin Luo
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and
| | - Sandeep K. Singh
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Juan J. Ramirez
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology
| | | | | | | | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology,,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology,,Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, North Carolina, USA
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7
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Zhang H, Li N, Li Z, Li Y, Yu Y, Zhang L. The Involvement of Caspases in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Apoptosis in Chronic Pain and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:898574. [PMID: 35592413 PMCID: PMC9110832 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.898574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common, complex and unpleasant sensation following nerve injury, tissue trauma, inflammatory diseases, infection and cancer. It affects up to 25% of adults and is increasingly recognized as the leading cause of distress, disability and disease burden globally. Chronic pain is often refractory to most current analgesics, thus emphasizing the requirement for improved therapeutic medications. It is of great importance to elucidate the specific pathogenesis of chronic pain with different etiologies. Recent progress has advanced our understanding in the contribution of neuroinflammation and glial cells (microglia and astrocyte) activation in the plasticity of excitatory nociceptive synapses and the development of chronic pain phenotypes. Oxidative stress-associated neuronal apoptosis is also identified to be a pivotal step for central pain sensitization. The family of cysteine aspartate specific proteases (Caspases) has been well known to be key signaling molecules for inflammation and apoptosis in several neurological conditions. Recent studies have highlighted the unconventional and emerging role of caspases in microgliosis, astrocytes morphogenesis, chemokines release, cytokines secretion and neuronal apoptosis in initiating and maintaining synaptogenesis, synaptic strength and signal transduction in persistent pain hypersensitivity, suggesting the possibility of targeting caspases pathway for prevention and treatment of chronic pain. In this review, we will discuss and summarize the advances in the distinctive properties of caspases family in the pathophysiology of chronic pain, especially in neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, cancer pain and musculoskeletal pain, with the aim to find the promising therapeutic candidates for the resolution of chronic pain to better manage patients undergoing chronic pain in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziping Li
- The Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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8
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Zhang YY, Liu F, Lin J, Li YL, Fang ZH, Zhou C, Li CJ, Shen JF. Activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor contributes to orofacial neuropathic and inflammatory allodynia by facilitating calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II phosphorylation in mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 185:174-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Ozberk D, Haywood A, Sutherland HG, Yu C, Albury CL, Zunk M, George R, Good P, Griffiths LR, Hardy J, Haupt LM. Association of polymorphisms in ARRB2 and clinical response to methadone for pain in advanced cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2022; 23:281-289. [PMID: 35189719 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2021-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The prescription of methadone in advanced cancer poses multiple challenges due to the considerable interpatient variation seen in effective dose and toxicity. Previous reports have suggested that ARRB2 influences the response to methadone in opioid substitution therapy. Associations with opioid response for pain management in advanced cancer are conflicting, with no studies including methadone as the primary intervention. Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, open-label dose individualization study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in ARRB2 were associated with methadone dose requirements and pain severity. Results: Significant associations were found for rs3786047, rs1045280, rs2036657 and pain score. Conclusion: While studies are few and the sample size small, ARRB2 genotyping may assist in individualized management of the most feared symptom in advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ozberk
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Alison Haywood
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics & Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Chieh Yu
- Centre for Genomics & Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.,Department of Cell & Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Cassie L Albury
- Centre for Genomics & Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Mathew Zunk
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, QLD, 4222, Australia
| | - Rani George
- School of Pharmacy & Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast campus, QLD, 4222, Australia.,Cancer Trials Unit, Division of Cancer Services, Metro South Health, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Phillip Good
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Department of Palliative Care, St Vincent's Private Hospital, Kangaroo Point, QLD, 4169, Australia.,Department of Palliative & Supportive Care, Mater Health, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics & Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Janet Hardy
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,Department of Palliative & Supportive Care, Mater Health, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics & Personalised Health, Genomics Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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10
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Yennurajalingam S, Astolfi A, Indio V, Beccaro M, Schipani A, Yu R, Shete S, Reyes-Gibby C, Lu Z, Williams JL, Yeun SC, Anderson AE, Biasco G, Bruera E. Genetic Factors Associated With Pain Severity, Daily Opioid Dose Requirement, and Pain Response Among Advanced Cancer Patients Receiving Supportive Care. J Pain Symptom Manage 2021; 62:785-795. [PMID: 33848569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2021.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current understanding of genetic factors associated with pain severity, and improvement of pain with opioids in advanced cancer patients (AC) is inadequate for delivery of personalized pain therapy (PPT). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the genetic factors associated with pain severity, daily opioid dose, and pain response in AC patients receiving supportive care. METHODS In this prospective study, AC patients were eligible if they had cancer pain ≥4/10 on Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) - Pain Item and needed opioid rotation for pain control by specialist at the outpatient supportive care center. Association of genetic factors with pain phenotype was assessed using logistic regression models and SKATO (Gene-block) analysis. RESULTS About 174/178 (98%) patient samples were analyzed. After adjustment for demographic and clinical variables, pain severity was negatively associated with intron variant alleles in OPRM1 rs9322446, P = 0.02; rs2270459, P = 0.038; rs62052210, P = 0.038. Opioid daily dose was positively associated NFKBIA rs2233419, P = 0.008; rs2233417, P = 0.007; rs3138054, P = 0.008; rs1050851, P = 0.015; ORPM1 rs9479759, P = 0.046; rs2003185, P = 0.047; rs636433, P = 0.044; COMT (rs9306234, P = 0.014; rs165728, P = 0.014; rs2020917, P = 0.036; rs165728, P = 0.034); ARRB2 (rs1045280, P = 0.045); and pain response to opioids was negatively associated OPRM1 rs1319339, P = 0.024; rs34427887, P = 0.048; and COMT rs4646316, P = 0.03; rs35478083, P = 0.028, respectively. SKATO analysis showed association between pain severity and CXCL8 (P = 0.0056), and STAT6 (P = 0.0297) genes respectively, and pain response with IL-6 (P = 0.00499). CONCLUSIONS This study identified that SNPs of OPRM1, COMT, NFKBIA, CXCL8, IL-6, STAT6, and ARRB2 genes were associated with pain severity, opioid daily dose, and pain response in AC receiving supportive care. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings for PPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Yennurajalingam
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas.
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- "Giorgio Prodi" Center for Cancer Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna (A.A., V.I., A.S., G.B.), Bologna, Italy; Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara (A.A.), Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Indio
- "Giorgio Prodi" Center for Cancer Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna (A.A., V.I., A.S., G.B.), Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Beccaro
- Academy of the Sciences of Palliative Medicine (ASMEPA) (M.B., G.B.), Bentivoglio-Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Schipani
- "Giorgio Prodi" Center for Cancer Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna (A.A., V.I., A.S., G.B.), Bologna, Italy
| | - Robert Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (R.Y., S.S.), Houston, Texas
| | - Sanjay Shete
- Department of Biostatistics, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (R.Y., S.S.), Houston, Texas
| | - Cielito Reyes-Gibby
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas
| | - Zhanni Lu
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas
| | - Janet L Williams
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas
| | - Sai-Ching Yeun
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas
| | - Aimee E Anderson
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas
| | - Guido Biasco
- "Giorgio Prodi" Center for Cancer Research, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna (A.A., V.I., A.S., G.B.), Bologna, Italy; Academy of the Sciences of Palliative Medicine (ASMEPA) (M.B., G.B.), Bentivoglio-Bologna, Italy
| | - Eduardo Bruera
- Department of Palliative care, Rehabilitation Medicine, and Integrative Medicine UT MD Anderson Cancer Center (S.Y., C.R.-G., Z.L., J.L.W., S.-C.Y., A.E.A., E.B.), Houston, Texas
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11
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Li J, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang D, Liang P, Lu P, Shen J, Miao C, Zuo Y, Zhou C. Elevated Expression and Activity of Sodium Leak Channel Contributes to Neuronal Sensitization of Inflammatory Pain in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:723395. [PMID: 34512260 PMCID: PMC8430348 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.723395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory pain encompasses many clinical symptoms, and there is no satisfactory therapeutic target. Neuronal hyperexcitability and/or sensitization of the primary nociceptive neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal dorsal horn are critical to the development and maintenance of inflammatory pain. The sodium leak channel (NALCN), a non-selective cation channel, mediates the background Na+ leak conductance and controls neuronal excitability. It is unknown whether abnormal activity of NALCN mediates the pathological process of inflammatory pain. Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the left footpad of rats to induce inflammatory pain. The thresholds of mechanical and thermal sensation and spontaneous pain behaviors were assessed. The expression of NALCN in DRG and spinal dorsal cord was measured. NALCN currents and the contribution of NALCN to neuronal excitability in the DRG and spinal dorsal cord were recorded using whole-cell patch-clamping recording. NALCN was abundantly expressed in neurons of the DRG and spinal dorsal cord. In acutely isolated DRG neurons and spinal cord slices from rats with CFA-induced inflammatory pain, NALCN currents and neuronal excitability were increased. Subsequently, intrathecal and sciatic nerve injection of NALCN-small interfering RNA (siRNA) decreased NALCN mRNA and reverted NALCN currents to normal levels, and then reduced CFA-induced neuronal excitability and alleviated pain symptoms. Furthermore, pain-related symptoms were significantly prevented by the NALCN-shRNA-mediated NALCN knockdown in DRG and spinal cord. Therefore, increased expression and activity of NALCN contributed to neuronal sensitization in CFA-induced inflammatory pain. NALCN may be a novel molecular target for the control of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University-Affiliated Honghui Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yali Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peilin Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Stomatology Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxia Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Wang Z, Jiang C, He Q, Matsuda M, Han Q, Wang K, Bang S, Ding H, Ko MC, Ji RR. Anti-PD-1 treatment impairs opioid antinociception in rodents and nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/531/eaaw6471. [PMID: 32075945 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw6471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging immunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) have shown success in treating cancers. However, PD-1 signaling in neurons is largely unknown. We recently reported that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) primary sensory neurons express PD-1 and activation of PD-1 inhibits neuronal excitability and pain. Opioids are mainstay treatments for cancer pain, and morphine produces antinociception via mu opioid receptor (MOR). Here, we report that morphine antinociception and MOR signaling require neuronal PD-1. Morphine-induced antinociception after systemic or intrathecal injection was compromised in Pd1 -/- mice. Morphine antinociception was also diminished in wild-type mice after intravenous or intrathecal administration of nivolumab, a clinically used anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. In mouse models of inflammatory, neuropathic, and cancer pain, spinal morphine antinociception was compromised in Pd1 -/- mice. MOR and PD-1 are coexpressed in sensory neurons and their axons in mouse and human DRG tissues. Morphine produced antinociception by (i) suppressing calcium currents in DRG neurons, (ii) suppressing excitatory synaptic transmission, and (iii) inducing outward currents in spinal cord neurons; all of these actions were impaired by PD-1 blockade in mice. Loss of PD-1 also enhanced opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance and potentiates opioid-induced microgliosis and long-term potentiation in the spinal cord in mice. Last, intrathecal infusion of nivolumab inhibited intrathecal morphine-induced antinociception in nonhuman primates. Our findings demonstrate that PD-1 regulates opioid receptor signaling in nociceptive neurons, leading to altered opioid-induced antinociception in rodents and nonhuman primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilong Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qianru He
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Megumi Matsuda
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Qingjian Han
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sangsu Bang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.,W. G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC 28144, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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13
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Zhang J, Zhu L, Shi H, Zheng H. Protective effects of miR-155-5p silencing on IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and inflammation in salivary gland epithelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:882. [PMID: 34194560 PMCID: PMC8237265 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve a vital role in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-155-5p in SS and determine its underlying molecular mechanism. An inflammatory lesion model was established by stimulating salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) with interferon-γ (IFN-γ). The apoptosis of SGECs was measured by using flow cytometry. Levels of proinflammatory factors were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and ELISA, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used for p65 staining. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between miR-155-5p and arrestin β2 (ARRB2). The protein levels in the NF-κB signaling pathway were assessed by western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with IFN-γ increased miR-155-5p expression, in addition to inducing apoptosis and inflammation in SGECs. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-155-5p promoted IFN-γ-induced apoptosis and inflammation in SGECs. Overexpression of miR-155-5p also increased Bax protein expression, enzyme activities of caspase 3 and caspase 9, release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression in IFN-γ-treated SGECs. By contrast, all of the effects aforementioned were reversed following miR-155-5p knockdown. These results demonstrated that miR-155-5p activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, where treatment with the NF-κB inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, reversed the effects of miR-155-5p overexpression on the inflammatory factors in IFN-γ-induced SGECs. miR-155-5p was demonstrated to target ARRB2 and negatively regulated its expression levels, such that overexpression of ARRB2 reversed the effects of miR-155-5p overexpression on the inflammatory response, apoptosis and the NF-κB signaling pathway in IFN-γ-treated SGECs. Collectively, results from the present study suggest that miR-155-5p may activate the NF-κB signaling pathway by negatively regulating ARRB2 to promote salivary gland damage during SS pathogenesis. This suggests that miR-155-5p may serve to be a potential target for the treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
| | - Huizhe Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Prevention and Treatment of Heilongjiang Province, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157011, P.R. China
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14
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Wang Z, Song K, Zhao W, Zhao Z. Dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment promoted the neuropathic pain via paracrine inflammatory and growth factors. Bioengineered 2021; 11:661-678. [PMID: 32434423 PMCID: PMC8291888 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2020.1771068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain associated with cancers was caused by tumor itself or tumor therapy, which was aggravated by sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons. The tumor microenvironment contributed to tumorigenesis, tumor progress, tumor metastasis, tumor immune resistance, tumor chemotherapy, and tumor immunotherapy. In the current study, we explored the contributions of the infiltrated dendritic cells insulted by Wnt1 in tumor microenvironment to neuropathic pain associated with cancers. The different transcriptome of infiltrated dendritic cells from lung adenocarcinoma and from juxtatumor indicated that thousands of genes were up-regulated by the tumor microenvironment, some of which were enriched in pain pathway. The paracrine factors such as TNF, WNT10A, PDGFA, and NRG1 were also elevated in tumor-infiltrating dendritic cells. The receptors of paracrine factors were highly expressed on dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and not altered in pain conditions. Single-cell RNA-seq data unveiled that TNFSF1 was expressed in neurons, microglial cells, and endothelial cells. PDGFRA was only expressed in microglial cells. ERBB3 was only expressed in neurons. FZD1 and 3 were extensively expressed in various cells. The components composed of signaling pathways associated with the above paracrine factors participated in pain networks. The transcription factors activated by paracrine factor signaling regulated the expression of genes associated with pain. TNF, WNT10A, and PDGFA were extensively expressed in multiple cancers, but their expression in patients did not distribute normally. These data indicated that infiltrated dendritic cells in tumor microenvironment promoted neuropathic pain by sensitizing nociceptor sensory neurons via paracrine factors. Blockage of paracrine factor signaling might alleviate cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Tianjin First Center Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital , Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- School of the Fourth Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University , Beijing, China
| | - Zhongmin Zhao
- Department of Pain Management, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University (Taizhou People's Hospital) , Taizhou, China
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15
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Ni K, Zhang W, Ni Y, Mao YT, Wang Y, Gu XP, Ma ZL. Dorsal root ganglia NR2B-mediated Epac1-Piezo2 signaling pathway contributes to mechanical allodynia of bone cancer pain. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:338. [PMID: 33692870 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia is a painful perception of mechanical stimuli and one of the typical symptoms in bone cancer pain (BCP). Previous studies have revealed that mice and humans lacking mechanically activated Piezo2 channels do not sense mechanical stimuli. However, the underlying mechanism of Piezo2 in BCP has not been well established. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 1 (Epac1) mediated Piezo2 signaling pathway may be responsible for the mechanical allodynia of BCP and whether N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) is involved in the pathway. In the present study, a BCP model was established in C3H/HeJ mice by intramedullary injection of osteosarcoma cells. The results of the mechanical allodynia test demonstrated a markedly decreased paw withdrawal mechanical threshold in BCP mice, accompanied by a significant increase in Epac1, NR2B proteins and Piezo2 mRNA expression levels in the ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Compared with the sham group, intrathecal Epac1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (Epac1-ASODN) effectively ameliorated the mechanical allodynia and decreased the expression levels of NR2B and Piezo2 in the tumor group. Pretreatment of naïve mice with a NR2B antagonist prevented the aggravation of mechanical allodynia and DRG Piezo2 levels induced by an Epac1 agonist. However, the NR2B agonist-induced increase in Piezo2 expression levels was not reversed by pretreatment with Epac1-ASODN. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that NR2B, which is a crucial downstream regulator of Epac1, may mediate the Epac1-Piezo2 pathway contributing to the development of the mechanical allodynia of BCP. The present study may enrich the theoretical knowledge of the mechanical allodynia of BCP and provide a potential analgesic strategy for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Ting Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Liang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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16
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WeiWei Y, WenDi F, Mengru C, Tuo Y, Chen G. The cellular mechanism by which the rostral ventromedial medulla acts on the spinal cord during chronic pain. Rev Neurosci 2021; 32:545-558. [PMID: 33565739 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical therapies for chronic pain are limited. While targeted drugs are promising therapies for chronic pain, they exhibit insufficient efficacy and poor targeting. The occurrence of chronic pain partly results from central changes caused by alterations in neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem regulatory pathway. The RVM, which plays a key role in the descending pain control pathway, greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of pain. However, the exact roles of the RVM in chronic pain remain unclear, making it difficult to develop new drugs targeting the RVM and related pathways. Here, we first discuss the roles of the RVM and related circuits in chronic pain. Then, we analyze synaptic transmission between RVM neurons and spinal cord neurons, specifically focusing on the release of neurotransmitters, to explore the cellular mechanisms by which the RVM regulates chronic pain. Finally, we propose some ideas for the development of drugs targeting the RVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu WeiWei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Fei WenDi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Cui Mengru
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
| | - Yang Tuo
- Department of Hand Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun130033, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong226001, China.,Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong226001, China
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17
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Rimola V, Hahnefeld L, Zhao J, Jiang C, Angioni C, Schreiber Y, Osthues T, Pierre S, Geisslinger G, Ji RR, Scholich K, Sisignano M. Lysophospholipids Contribute to Oxaliplatin-Induced Acute Peripheral Pain. J Neurosci 2020; 40:9519-9532. [PMID: 33158961 PMCID: PMC7724144 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1223-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, which is used as first-line treatment for some types of colorectal carcinoma, causes peripheral neuropathic pain in patients. In addition, an acute peripheral pain syndrome develop in almost 90% of patients immediately after oxaliplatin treatment, which is poorly understood mechanistically but correlates with incidence and severity of the later-occurring neuropathy. Here we investigated the effects of acute oxaliplatin treatment in a murine model, showing that male and female mice develop mechanical hypersensitivity 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment. Interestingly, we found that the levels of several lipids were significantly altered in nervous tissue during oxaliplatin-induced acute pain. Specifically, the linoleic acid metabolite 9,10-EpOME (epoxide of linoleic acid) as well as the lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:1 and LPC 16:0 were significantly increased 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment in sciatic nerve, DRGs, or spinal cord tissue as revealed by untargeted and targeted lipidomics. In contrast, inflammatory markers including cytokines and chemokines, ROS markers, and growth factors are unchanged in the respective nervous system tissues. Importantly, LPC 18:1 and LPC 16:0 can induce Ca2+ transients in primary sensory neurons, and we identify LPC 18:1 as a previously unknown endogenous activator of the ligand-gated calcium channels transient receptor potential V1 and M8 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 8) in primary sensory neurons using both pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout. Additionally, a peripheral LPC 18:1 injection was sufficient to induce mechanical hypersensitivity in naive mice. Hence, targeting signaling lipid pathways may ameliorate oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral pain and the subsequent long-lasting neuropathy.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The first-line cytostatic drug oxaliplatin can cause acute peripheral pain and chronic neuropathic pain. The former is causally connected with the chronic neuropathic pain, but its mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we performed a broad unbiased analysis of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and ∼200 lipids in nervous system tissues 24 h after oxaliplatin treatment, which revealed a crucial role of lysophospholipids lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 18:1, LPC 16:0, and 9,10-EpOME in oxaliplatin-induced acute pain. We demonstrate for the first time that LPC 18:1 contributes to the activation of the ion channels transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and transient receptor potential melastatin 8 in sensory neurons and causes mechanical hypersensitivity after peripheral injection in vivo These findings suggest that the LPC-mediated lipid signaling is involved in oxaliplatin-induced acute peripheral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Rimola
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lisa Hahnefeld
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Junli Zhao
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Changyu Jiang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tabea Osthues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology-Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Ma SB, Xian H, Wu WB, Ma SY, Liu YK, Liang YT, Guo H, Kang JJ, Liu YY, Zhang H, Wu SX, Luo C, Xie RG. CCL2 facilitates spinal synaptic transmission and pain via interaction with presynaptic CCR2 in spinal nociceptor terminals. Mol Brain 2020; 13:161. [PMID: 33228784 PMCID: PMC7685578 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-020-00701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that CCL2 may cause chronic pain, but the exact mechanism of central sensitization is unclear. In this article, we further explore the presynaptic role of CCL2. Behavioral experiments show that intervertebral foramen injection CCR2 antagonists into dorsal root ganglion (DRG) can inhibit the inflammatory pain caused by CCL2 in spinal cord. We raised the question of the role of presynaptic CCR2 in the spinal dorsal horn. Subsequent electron microscopy experiments showed that CCR2 was expressed in the presynaptic CGRP terminal in the spinal dorsal horn. CCL2 can enhance presynaptic calcium signal. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings showed that CCL2 can enhance NMDAR-eEPSCs through presynaptic effects, and further application of glutamate sensor method proved that CCL2 can act on presynaptic CCR2 to increase the release of presynaptic glutamate. In conclusion, we suggest that CCL2 can directly act on the CCR2 on presynaptic terminals of sensory neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, leading to an increase in the release of presynaptic glutamate and participate in the formation of central sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Bin Ma
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hang Xian
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Bin Wu
- The Fourth Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuo-Yao Ma
- The Sixth Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Ke Liu
- The Second Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Tong Liang
- The Second Regiment, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Pain and Related Diseases Research Laboratory, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jun-Jun Kang
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Health Statistics, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Zhang W, Lyu J, Xu J, Zhang P, Zhang S, Chen Y, Wang Y, Chen G. The related mechanism of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammation pain based on metabolomics analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5020. [PMID: 33159321 PMCID: PMC7988654 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation pain is a debilitating disease, and its mechanism still remains poorly understood. This study attempted to illuminate the metabolic mechanism of chronic inflammation pain induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) injection, especially at spinal level. The chronic inflammation pain model was established by CFA administration. Behavioral testing including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia was performed. Meanwhile, a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics approach was applied to analyze potential metabolic biomarkers. The orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis mode was employed for determining metabolic changes, and a western blot was performed to detect the protein expression change. The results showed that 27 metabolites showed obviously abnormal expression and seven metabolic pathways were significantly enriched, comprising aminoacyl‐tRNA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, histidine metabolism, purine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Meanwhile, the results showed that the expression of arginase I and nitric oxide levels were elevated in the CFA group compared with the control group, while the argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinatelyase proteins were not significantly different between the groups. These findings demonstrate that metabolic changes of the spinal cord may be implicated in neurotransmitter release and pain conductivity following CFA administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lyu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juxiang Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy Nursing Unit, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
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Musi CA, Agrò G, Santarella F, Iervasi E, Borsello T. JNK3 as Therapeutic Target and Biomarker in Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Brain Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102190. [PMID: 32998477 PMCID: PMC7600688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) is the JNK isoform mainly expressed in the brain. It is the most responsive to many stress stimuli in the central nervous system from ischemia to Aβ oligomers toxicity. JNK3 activity is spatial and temporal organized by its scaffold protein, in particular JIP-1 and β-arrestin-2, which play a crucial role in regulating different cellular functions in different cellular districts. Extensive evidence has highlighted the possibility of exploiting these adaptors to interfere with JNK3 signaling in order to block its action. JNK plays a key role in the first neurodegenerative event, the perturbation of physiological synapse structure and function, known as synaptic dysfunction. Importantly, this is a common mechanism in many different brain pathologies. Synaptic dysfunction and spine loss have been reported to be pharmacologically reversible, opening new therapeutic directions in brain diseases. Being JNK3-detectable at the peripheral level, it could be used as a disease biomarker with the ultimate aim of allowing an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopment diseases in a still prodromal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alice Musi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Graziella Agrò
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Francesco Santarella
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
| | - Erika Iervasi
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Via De Toni 14, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri-IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy; (G.A.); (F.S.); (E.I.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-023-901-4469; Fax: +39-023-900-1916
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Will biased ligands be the opioids of the future? Pain 2020; 161:1945-1948. [PMID: 32379220 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Spinal CCL2 Promotes Pain Sensitization by Rapid Enhancement of NMDA-Induced Currents Through the ERK-GluN2B Pathway in Mouse Lamina II Neurons. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1344-1354. [PMID: 32809188 PMCID: PMC7674543 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that CCL2 (C–C motif chemokine ligand 2) induces chronic pain, but the exact mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we established models to explore the potential mechanisms. Behavioral experiments revealed that an antagonist of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibited not only CCL2-induced inflammatory pain, but also pain responses induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant. We posed the question of the intracellular signaling cascade involved. Subsequent experiments showed that CCL2 up-regulated the expression of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and N-methyl D-aspartate receptor [NMDAR] subtype 2B (GluN2B); meanwhile, antagonists of CCR2 and ERK effectively reversed these phenomena. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that CCL2 enhanced the NMDAR-induced currents via activating the pERK pathway, which was blocked by antagonists of GluN2B and ERK. In summary, we demonstrate that CCL2 directly interacts with CCR2 to enhance NMDAR-induced currents, eventually leading to inflammatory pain mainly through the CCL2–CCR2–pERK–GluN2B pathway.
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Shukla AK, Dwivedi-Agnihotri H. Structure and function of β-arrestins, their emerging role in breast cancer, and potential opportunities for therapeutic manipulation. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 145:139-156. [PMID: 32089163 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Arrestins (βarrs) are multifunctional intracellular proteins with an ability to directly interact with a large number of cellular partners including the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). βarrs contribute to multiple aspects of GPCR signaling, trafficking and downregulation. Considering the central involvement of GPCR signaling in the onset and progression of diverse types of cancers, βarrs have also emerged as key players in the context of investigating cancer phenotypes, and as potential therapeutic targets. In this chapter, we first provide a brief account of structure and function of βarrs and then highlight recent discoveries unfolding novel functional attributes of βarrs in breast cancer. We also underscore the recent paradigms of modulating βarr functions in cellular context and potential therapeutic opportunities going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India.
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Emery MA, Eitan S. Drug-specific differences in the ability of opioids to manage burn pain. Burns 2019; 46:503-513. [PMID: 31859093 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Burn injury pain is a significant public health problem. Burn injury treatment has improved tremendously in recent decades. However, an unintended consequence is that a larger number of patients now survive more severe injuries, and face intense pain that is very hard to treat. Although many efforts have been made to find alternative treatments, opioids remain the most effective medication available. Burn patients are frequently prescribed opioids in doses and durations that are significantly higher and longer than standard analgesic dosing guidelines. Despite this, many continue to experience unrelieved pain. They are also placed at a higher risk for developing dependence and opioid use disorder. Burn injury profoundly alters the functional state of the immune system. It also alters the expression levels of receptor, effector, and signaling molecules within the spinal cord's dorsal horn. These alterations could explain the reduced potency of opioids. However, recent studies demonstrate that different opioids signal preferentially via differential signaling pathways. This ligand-specific signaling by different opioids implies that burn injury may reduce the antinociceptive potency of opioids to different degrees, in a drug-specific manner. Indeed, recent findings hint at drug-specific differences in the ability of opioids to manage burn pain early after injury, as well as differences in their ability to prevent or treat the development of chronic and neuropathic pain. Here we review the current state of opioid treatment, as well as new findings that could potentially lead to opioid-based pain management strategies that may be significantly more effective than the current solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Emery
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), USA
| | - Shoshana Eitan
- Behavioral and Cellular Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4235 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience (TAMIN), USA.
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25
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Deng GC, Lu M, Zhao YY, Yuan Y, Chen G. Activated spinal astrocytes contribute to the later phase of carrageenan-induced prostatitis pain. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:189. [PMID: 31653262 PMCID: PMC6814979 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostatodynia is the main symptom of chronic prostatitis and the main reason that patients go to the hospital for treatment. Although a variety of factors, including inflammatory immune response, nervous system sensitization, and psychological factors, have been shown to play important roles in the induction and development of chronic pain in prostatitis, the underlying cause of chronic prostatodynia maintenance in prostatitis patients remains unclear. Methods A mouse model of chronic prostatitis induced by carrageenan injection was used. The von Frey test was used to measure pain behavior. The microglial and astrocyte activations were immunohistochemically demonstrated with antibodies against Iba1 and GFAP. The expression of cytokine or signaling pathway was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Results In this study, we provide several lines of evidence to demonstrate that activated spinal astrocytes contribute to the later phase (5 weeks after carrageenan injection) of carrageenan-induced prostatitis pain. First, activation of spinal astrocytes but not microglia was found in the spinal cord dorsal horn at 5 weeks. Second, intrathecal injection of the astroglial toxin L-2-Aminoadipate acid (L-AA) but not microglial inhibitor minocycline reduced mechanical allodynia at 5 weeks. Third, chronic prostatitis induced a profound and persistent upregulation of connexin-43 hemichannels in spinal astrocytes, and spinal injection of the connexin-43 inhibitor carbenoxolone (CBX) effectively reduced pain symptoms. Fourth, increased expression and release of chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) in the spinal dorsal horn and intrathecal injection of a CXCL1 neutralizing antibody or the CXCR2 (a major receptor of CXCL1) antagonist SB225002 significantly reduced mechanical allodynia at 5 weeks. Conclusions In this study, we found that a novel mechanism of activated spinal astrocytes plays a crucial role in maintaining chronic prostatitis-induced persistent pain via connexin-43-regulated CXCL1 production and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chuang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (The First People's Hospital of Nantong), Nantong, China
| | - Ya-Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, Medical School of Nantong University, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Shah RM, Peterson C, Strom A, Dillenburg M, Finzel B, Kitto KF, Fairbanks C, Wilcox G, Wagner CR. Inhibition of HINT1 Modulates Spinal Nociception and NMDA Evoked Behavior in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4385-4393. [PMID: 31503445 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between the mu-opioid (MOR) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) constitute an area of intense investigation because of their contributions to maladaptive neuroplasticity. Recent evidence suggests that their association requires the involvement of histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT1) with the enzyme's active site being critical in its regulatory role. Since it is known that spinal blockade of NMDA receptors prevents the development of opioid analgesic tolerance, we hypothesized that spinal inhibition of the HINT1 enzyme may similarly inhibit opioid tolerance. To address these questions, we evaluated novel HINT1 active-site inhibitors in two models of NMDAR and MOR interaction, namely, MOR inhibition of spinal NMDA activation and acute endomorphin-2 tolerance. These studies revealed that while the tryptamine carbamate of guanosine inhibitor, TrpGc, blocked both the development of opioid tolerance and the inhibitory effect of opioids on NMDA activation of the NMDA receptor, acyl-sulfamate analogues could only block the latter. Thermodynamic binding and X-ray crystallographic studies suggested that there are key differences between the bound HINT1-inhibitor surfaces that may be responsible for their differential ability to probe the ability of HINT1 to regulate cross talk between the mu-opioid receptor and NMDA receptor in the spinal cord.
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Spinal DN-9, a Peptidic Multifunctional Opioid/Neuropeptide FF Agonist Produced Potent Nontolerance Forming Analgesia With Limited Side Effects. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2019; 21:477-493. [PMID: 31521796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of multitarget opioid drugs has emerged as an attractive therapeutic strategy to eliminate opioid-related side effects. Our previous study developed a series of opioid and neuropeptide FF pharmacophore-containing chimeric peptides, including DN-9 (Tyr-D.Ala-Gly-NMe.Phe-Gly-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2), which produced potent nontolerance forming analgesia at the supraspinal level. In the present study, the antinociceptive effects of DN-9 in a series of preclinical pain models and the potential side-effects were investigated at the spinal level in mice. In the tail-flick test, intrathecal injection of DN-9 produced potent analgesia with an ED50 value at 1.33 pmol, and the spinal antinociception of DN-9 was mainly mediated by μ- and κ-opioid receptors. In addition, DN-9-induced spinal antinociception was augmented by the neuropeptide FF receptors antagonist. Furthermore, DN-9 could decrease both the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs in lamina IIo neurons of the spinal cord, which were mediated by opioid receptors. In contrast to morphine, chronic intrathecal treatments with DN-9 did not induce analgesic tolerance, c-Fos expression or microglial activation. Intrathecal injection of DN-9 showed potent analgesia with antinociceptive ED50 values between .66 and 55.04 pmol in different pain models, including the formalin test, acetic acid-induced writhing test, carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain. Moreover, DN-9 did not show side effects in locomotor function and coordination, gastrointestinal transit inhibition, the cardiovascular system, and body temperature regulation at antinociceptive doses. Taken together, the present study showed DN-9 produced effective, nontolerance forming analgesia with reduced side effects at the spinal level. DN-9 might be a promising compound for developing multifunctional opioid analgesics with limited adverse effects. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents the potent and nontolerance forming analgesia effects of DN-9 in a series of preclinical pain models with less opioid related adverse effects at the spinal level in mice. This study also demonstrates that DN-9 has translational potential into an intrathecal analgesic.
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Wei Z, Fei Y, Su W, Chen G. Emerging Role of Schwann Cells in Neuropathic Pain: Receptors, Glial Mediators and Myelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:116. [PMID: 30971897 PMCID: PMC6445947 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain caused by nerve injury or disease remains a major challenge for modern medicine worldwide. Most of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain are centered on neuronal mechanisms. Accumulating evidence suggests that non-neuronal cells, especially glial cells, also play active roles in the initiation and resolution of pain. The preponderance of evidence has implicated central nervous system (CNS) glial cells, i.e., microglia and astrocytes, in the control of pain. The role of Schwann cells in neuropathic pain remains poorly understood. Schwann cells, which detect nerve injury and provide the first response, play a critical role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. The cells respond to nerve injury by changing their phenotype, proliferating and interacting with nociceptive neurons by releasing glial mediators (growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and biologically active small molecules). In addition, receptors expressed in active Schwann cells have the potential to regulate different pain conditions. In this review article, we will provide and discuss emerging evidence by integrating recent advances related to Schwann cells and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ying Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenfeng Su
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Chen L, Kong L, Wei X, Wang Y, Wang B, Zhang X, Sun J, Liu H. β-arrestin 2 negatively regulates NOD2 signalling pathway through association with TRAF6 in microglia after cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3325-3335. [PMID: 30793522 PMCID: PMC6484299 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein (NOD) 2 was involved in the inflammatory responses to cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. However, the mechanism by which NOD2 participates in brain ischaemic injury and the regulation of NOD2 in the process are still obscure. Increased β‐arrestin 2 (ARRB2) expression was observed in microglia following cerebral I/R in wild‐type mice besides the up‐regulation of NOD2 and TRAF6. Stimulation of NOD2 by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in BV2 cells induced the activation of NF‐κB by the phosphorylation of p65 subunit and the degradation of IκBα. Meanwhile, the protein level of Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), the protein expression and activity of MMP‐9 were significantly increased in BV2 cells after administration of MDP. Furthermore, overexpression of ARRB2 significantly suppressed the inflammation induced by MDP, silence of ARRB2 significantly enhanced the inflammation induced by MDP in BV2 cells. In addition, we observed endogenous interaction of TRAF6 and ARRB2 after stimulation of MDP or cerebral I/R insult, indicating ARRB2 negatively regulates NOD2‐triggered inflammatory signalling pathway by associating with TRAF6 in microglia after cerebral I/R injury. Finally, the in vivo study clearly confirmed that ARRB2 negatively regulated NOD2‐induced inflammatory response, as ARRB2 deficiency exacerbated stroke outcomes and aggravated the NF‐κB signalling pathway induced by NOD2 stimulation after cerebral I/R injury. These findings revealed ARRB2 negatively regulated NOD2 signalling pathway through the association with TRAF6 in cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinbing Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The people's Hospital of Huaiyin, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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Matsuda M, Huh Y, Ji RR. Roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation in pain. J Anesth 2019; 33:131-139. [PMID: 30448975 PMCID: PMC6813778 DOI: 10.1007/s00540-018-2579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the body's response to injury and infection, involving a complex biological response of the somatosensory, immune, autonomic, and vascular systems. Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines induce pain via direct activation of nociceptors, the primary sensory neurons that detect noxious stimuli. Neurogenic inflammation is triggered by nerve activation and results in neuropeptide release and rapid plasma extravasation and edema, contributing to pain conditions such as headache. Neuroinflammation is a localized inflammation in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS). A characteristic feature of neuroinflammation is the activation of glial cells in dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord, and brain which leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the PNS and CNS that drives peripheral sensitization and central sensitization. Here, we discuss the distinct roles of inflammation, neurogenic inflammation, and neuroinflammation in the regulation of different types of pain conditions, with a special focus on neuroinflammation in postoperative pain and opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsuda
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 3 Genome CT, MSRB3 Room 6148, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Research Unit for the Neurobiology of Pain, Department of Anesthesiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yul Huh
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 3 Genome CT, MSRB3 Room 6148, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, 3 Genome CT, MSRB3 Room 6148, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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Araldi D, Ferrari LF, Levine JD. Mu-opioid Receptor (MOR) Biased Agonists Induce Biphasic Dose-dependent Hyperalgesia and Analgesia, and Hyperalgesic Priming in the Rat. Neuroscience 2018; 394:60-71. [PMID: 30342200 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) on nociceptors with fentanyl can produce hyperalgesia (opioid-induced hyperalgesia, OIH) and hyperalgesic priming, a model of transition to chronic pain. We investigated if local and systemic administration of biased MOR agonists (PZM21 and TRV130 [oliceridine]), which preferentially activate G-protein over β-arrestin translocation, and have been reported to minimize some opioid side effects, also produces OIH and priming. Injected intradermally (100 ng), both biased agonists induced mechanical hyperalgesia and, when injected at the same site, 5 days later, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced prolonged hyperalgesia (priming). OIH and priming were both prevented by intrathecal treatment with an oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) antisense (AS) for MOR mRNA. Agents that reverse Type I (the protein translation inhibitor cordycepin) and Type II (combination of Src and mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] inhibitors) priming, or their combination, did not reverse priming induced by local administration of PZM21 or TRV130. While systemic PZM21 at higher doses (1 and 10 mg/kg) induced analgesia, lower doses (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3 mg/kg) induced hyperalgesia; all doses induced priming. Hyperalgesia, analgesia and priming induced by systemic administration of PZM21 were also prevented by MOR AS-ODN. And, priming induced by systemic PZM21 was also not reversed by intradermal cordycepin or the combination of Src and MAPK inhibitors. Thus, maintenance of priming induced by biased MOR agonists, in the peripheral terminal of nociceptors, has a novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionéia Araldi
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Luiz F Ferrari
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jon D Levine
- Departments of Medicine and Oral Surgery, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Luo X, Fitzsimmons B, Mohan A, Zhang L, Terrando N, Kordasiewicz H, Ji RR. Intrathecal administration of antisense oligonucleotide against p38α but not p38β MAP kinase isoform reduces neuropathic and postoperative pain and TLR4-induced pain in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 72:34-44. [PMID: 29128611 PMCID: PMC5940592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) consists of two major isoforms: p38α and p38β; however, it remains unclear which isoform is more important for chronic pain development. Recently, we developed potent, long-lasting, and p38 MAPK subtype-specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). We examined the therapeutic effects of isoform-specific ASOs in several chronic pain models following single intrathecal injection (300 μg/10 μl) in CD1 mice. In the chronic constriction injury (CCI) model, p38α MAPK ASO, given on post-operative day 5, reduced CCI-induced mechanical allodynia in male but not female mice. In contrast, mechanical allodynia after CCI in both sexes was not affected by p38β MAPK ASO. Intrathecal injection of p38α or p38β ASO resulted in a partial reduction (≈ 50%) of spinal p38α or p38β mRNA level, respectively, in both sexes at two weeks. In contrast, intrathecal injection of the ASOs did not affect p38α and p38β MAPK mRNA levels in dorsal root ganglia. Intrathecal p38α ASO also reduced postoperative pain (mechanical and cold allodynia) in male mice after tibia fracture. However, intrathecal p38α ASO had no effect on mechanical allodynia in male mice after paclitaxel treatment. Intrathecal p38α MAPK ASO pre-treatment also prevented TLR4-mediated mechanical allodynia and downregulated levels of p38α MAPK and phosphorylated p38 MAPK following intrathecal treatment of lipopolysaccharide. In summary, our findings suggest that p38α MAPK is the major p38 MAPK isoform in the spinal cord and regulates chronic pain in a sex and model-dependent manner. Intrathecal p38α MAPK ASO may offer a new treatment for some chronic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | | | - Apoorva Mohan
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Niccolo Terrando
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | | | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Anesthesiology and Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, NC 27710, United States.
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Ji RR, Nackley A, Huh Y, Terrando N, Maixner W. Neuroinflammation and Central Sensitization in Chronic and Widespread Pain. Anesthesiology 2018; 129:343-366. [PMID: 29462012 PMCID: PMC6051899 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain is maintained in part by central sensitization, a phenomenon of synaptic plasticity, and increased neuronal responsiveness in central pain pathways after painful insults. Accumulating evidence suggests that central sensitization is also driven by neuroinflammation in the peripheral and central nervous system. A characteristic feature of neuroinflammation is the activation of glial cells, such as microglia and astrocytes, in the spinal cord and brain, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Recent studies suggest that central cytokines and chemokines are powerful neuromodulators and play a sufficient role in inducing hyperalgesia and allodynia after central nervous system administration. Sustained increase of cytokines and chemokines in the central nervous system also promotes chronic widespread pain that affects multiple body sites. Thus, neuroinflammation drives widespread chronic pain via central sensitization. We also discuss sex-dependent glial/immune signaling in chronic pain and new therapeutic approaches that control neuroinflammation for the resolution of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Andrea Nackley
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yul Huh
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Niccolò Terrando
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - William Maixner
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Bang S, Xie YK, Zhang ZJ, Wang Z, Xu ZZ, Ji RR. GPR37 regulates macrophage phagocytosis and resolution of inflammatory pain. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3568-3582. [PMID: 30010619 DOI: 10.1172/jci99888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of pain induction by inflammation have been extensively studied. However, the mechanisms of pain resolution are not fully understood. Here, we report that GPR37, expressed by macrophages (MΦs) but not microglia, contributes to the resolution of inflammatory pain. Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) and prosaptide TX14 increase intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) levels in GPR37-transfected HEK293 cells. NPD1 and TX14 also bind to GPR37 and cause GPR37-dependent iCa2+ increases in peritoneal MΦs. Activation of GPR37 by NPD1 and TX14 triggers MΦ phagocytosis of zymosan particles via calcium signaling. Hind paw injection of pH-sensitive zymosan particles not only induces inflammatory pain and infiltration of neutrophils and MΦs, but also causes GPR37 upregulation in MΦs, phagocytosis of zymosan particles and neutrophils by MΦs in inflamed paws, and resolution of inflammatory pain in WT mice. Mice lacking Gpr37 display deficits in MΦ phagocytic activity and delayed resolution of inflammatory pain. Gpr37-deficient MΦs also show dysregulations of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines. MΦ depletion delays the resolution of inflammatory pain. Adoptive transfer of WT but not Gpr37-deficient MΦs promotes the resolution of inflammatory pain. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of GPR37 in regulating MΦ phagocytosis and inflammatory pain resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangsu Bang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ya-Kai Xie
- Department of Physiology, Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zilong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhen-Zhong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Physiology, Center of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Yang L, Bai HH, Zhang ZY, Liu JP, Suo ZW, Yang X, Hu XD. Disruption of SHP1/NMDA receptor signaling in spinal cord dorsal horn alleviated inflammatory pain. Neuropharmacology 2018; 137:104-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abstract
Opioids are the most commonly used and effective analgesic treatments for severe pain, but they have recently come under scrutiny owing to epidemic levels of abuse and overdose. These compounds act on the endogenous opioid system, which comprises four G protein-coupled receptors (mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin) and four major peptide families (β-endorphin, enkephalins, dynorphins, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ). In this review, we first describe the functional organization and pharmacology of the endogenous opioid system. We then summarize current knowledge on the signaling mechanisms by which opioids regulate neuronal function and neurotransmission. Finally, we discuss the loci of opioid analgesic action along peripheral and central pain pathways, emphasizing the pain-relieving properties of opioids against the affective dimension of the pain experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Corder
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
| | - Daniel C Castro
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA;
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; .,Division of Basic Research, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Grégory Scherrer
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA; .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA.,New York Stem Cell Foundation - Robertson Investigator, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, USA
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Lilius T, Kangas E, Niemi M, Rauhala P, Kalso E. Ketamine and norketamine attenuate oxycodone tolerance markedly less than that of morphine: from behaviour to drug availability. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:818-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Chen L, Ren Z, Wei X, Wang S, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Gao H, Liu H. Losartan protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis through β-arrestin1-mediated phosphorylation of Akt. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:98-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Gene Expression Profiling of Cutaneous Injured and Non-Injured Nociceptors in SNI Animal Model of Neuropathic Pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9367. [PMID: 28839165 PMCID: PMC5570923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociceptors are a particular subtype of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that detect noxious stimuli and elicit pain. Although recent efforts have been made to reveal the molecular profile of nociceptors in normal conditions, little is known about how this profile changes in pathological conditions. In this study we exploited laser capture microdissection to specifically collect individual injured and non-injured nociceptive DRG neurons and to define their gene profiling in rat spared nerve injury (SNI) model of neuropathic pain. We found minimal transcriptional changes in non-injured neurons at 7 days after SNI. In contrast, several novel transcripts were altered in injured nociceptors, and the global signature of these LCM-captured neurons differed markedly from that the gene expression patterns found previously using whole DRG tissue following SNI. Pathway analysis of the transcriptomic profile of the injured nociceptors revealed oxidative stress as a key biological process. We validated the increase of caspase-6 (CASP6) in small-sized DRG neurons and its functional role in SNI- and paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain. Our results demonstrate that the identification of gene regulation in a specific population of DRG neurons (e.g., nociceptors) is an effective strategy to reveal new mechanisms and therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain from different origins.
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Chen G, Luo X, Qadri MY, Berta T, Ji RR. Sex-Dependent Glial Signaling in Pathological Pain: Distinct Roles of Spinal Microglia and Astrocytes. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:98-108. [PMID: 28585113 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that spinal microglia regulate pathological pain in males. In this study, we investigated the effects of several microglial and astroglial modulators on inflammatory and neuropathic pain following intrathecal injection in male and female mice. These modulators were the microglial inhibitors minocycline and ZVEID (a caspase-6 inhibitor) and the astroglial inhibitors L-α-aminoadipate (L-AA, an astroglial toxin) and carbenoxolone (a connexin 43 inhibitor), as well as U0126 (an ERK kinase inhibitor) and D-JNKI-1 (a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor). We found that spinal administration of minocycline or ZVEID, or Caspase6 deletion, reduced formalin-induced inflammatory and nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain primarily in male mice. In contrast, intrathecal L-AA reduced neuropathic pain but not inflammatory pain in both sexes. Intrathecal U0126 and D-JNKI-1 reduced neuropathic pain in both sexes. Nerve injury caused spinal upregulation of the astroglial markers GFAP and Connexin 43 in both sexes. Collectively, our data confirmed male-dominant microglial signaling but also revealed sex-independent astroglial signaling in the spinal cord in inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and the Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - M Yawar Qadri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Temugin Berta
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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Koblish M, Carr R, Siuda ER, Rominger DH, Gowen-MacDonald W, Cowan CL, Crombie AL, Violin JD, Lark MW. TRV0109101, a G Protein-Biased Agonist of the µ-Opioid Receptor, Does Not Promote Opioid-Induced Mechanical Allodynia following Chronic Administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:254-262. [PMID: 28533287 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.241117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prescription opioids are a mainstay in the treatment of acute moderate to severe pain. However, chronic use leads to a host of adverse consequences including tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), leading to more complex treatment regimens and diminished patient compliance. Patients with OIH paradoxically experience exaggerated nociceptive responses instead of pain reduction after chronic opioid usage. The development of OIH and tolerance tend to occur simultaneously and, thus, present a challenge when studying the molecular mechanisms driving each phenomenon. We tested the hypothesis that a G protein-biased µ-opioid peptide receptor (MOPR) agonist would not induce symptoms of OIH, such as mechanical allodynia, following chronic administration. We observed that the development of opioid-induced mechanical allodynia (OIMA), a model of OIH, was absent in β-arrestin1-/- and β-arrestin2-/- mice in response to chronic administration of conventional opioids such as morphine, oxycodone and fentanyl, whereas tolerance developed independent of OIMA. In agreement with the β-arrestin knockout mouse studies, chronic administration of TRV0109101, a G protein-biased MOPR ligand and structural analog of oliceridine, did not promote the development of OIMA but did result in drug tolerance. Interestingly, following induction of OIMA by morphine or fentanyl, TRV0109101 was able to rapidly reverse allodynia. These observations establish a role for β-arrestins in the development of OIH, independent of tolerance, and suggest that the use of G protein-biased MOPR ligands, such as oliceridine and TRV0109101, may be an effective therapeutic avenue for managing chronic pain with reduced propensity for opioid-induced hyperalgesia.
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Berta T, Qadri Y, Tan PH, Ji RR. Targeting dorsal root ganglia and primary sensory neurons for the treatment of chronic pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:695-703. [PMID: 28480765 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1328057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently the treatment of chronic pain is inadequate and compromised by debilitating central nervous system side effects. Here we discuss new therapeutic strategies that target dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) in the peripheral nervous system for a better and safer treatment of chronic pain. Areas covered: The DRGs contain the cell bodies of primary sensory neurons including nociceptive neurons. After painful injuries, primary sensory neurons demonstrate maladaptive molecular changes in DRG cell bodies and in their axons. These changes result in hypersensitivity and hyperexcitability of sensory neurons (peripheral sensitization) and are crucial for the onset and maintenance of chronic pain. We discuss the following new strategies to target DRGs and primary sensory neurons as a means of alleviating chronic pain and minimizing side effects: inhibition of sensory neuron-expressing ion channels such as TRPA1, TRPV1, and Nav1.7, selective blockade of C- and Aβ-afferent fibers, gene therapy, and implantation of bone marrow stem cells. Expert opinion: These peripheral pharmacological treatments, as well as gene and cell therapies, aimed at DRG tissues and primary sensory neurons can offer better and safer treatments for inflammatory, neuropathic, cancer, and other chronic pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temugin Berta
- a Pain Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology , University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Yawar Qadri
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- c Department of Anesthesiology, E-Da Hospital, School of Medicine , I-Shou University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- b Department of Anesthesiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA.,d Department of Neurobiology , Duke University Medical Center , Durham , NC , USA
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Xie RG, Gao YJ, Park CK, Lu N, Luo C, Wang WT, Wu SX, Ji RR. Spinal CCL2 Promotes Central Sensitization, Long-Term Potentiation, and Inflammatory Pain via CCR2: Further Insights into Molecular, Synaptic, and Cellular Mechanisms. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:13-21. [PMID: 28265898 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence supports an important role of chemokines, produced by spinal cord astrocytes, in promoting central sensitization and chronic pain. In particular, CCL2 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2) has been shown to enhance N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced currents in spinal outer lamina II (IIo) neurons. However, the exact molecular, synaptic, and cellular mechanisms by which CCL2 modulates central sensitization are still unclear. We found that spinal injection of the CCR2 antagonist RS504393 attenuated CCL2- and inflammation-induced hyperalgesia. Single-cell RT-PCR revealed CCR2 expression in excitatory vesicular glutamate transporter subtype 2-positive (VGLUT2+) neurons. CCL2 increased NMDA-induced currents in CCR2+/VGLUT2+ neurons in lamina IIo; it also enhanced the synaptic NMDA currents evoked by dorsal root stimulation; and furthermore, it increased the total and synaptic NMDA currents in somatostatin-expressing excitatory neurons. Finally, intrathecal RS504393 reversed the long-term potentiation evoked in the spinal cord by C-fiber stimulation. Our findings suggest that CCL2 directly modulates synaptic plasticity in CCR2-expressing excitatory neurons in spinal lamina IIo, and this underlies the generation of central sensitization in pathological pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rou-Gang Xie
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Yong-Jing Gao
- Pain Research Laboratory, Institute of Nautical Medicine, Jiangsu Key laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ning Lu
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ceng Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Xi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. .,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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