1
|
Fujita K, Urano Y. Activity-Based Fluorescence Diagnostics for Cancer. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4021-4078. [PMID: 38518254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging is one of the most promising approaches to achieve intraoperative assessment of the tumor/normal tissue margins during cancer surgery. This is critical to improve the patients' prognosis, and therefore various molecular fluorescence imaging probes have been developed for the identification of cancer lesions during surgery. Among them, "activatable" fluorescence probes that react with cancer-specific biomarker enzymes to generate fluorescence signals have great potential for high-contrast cancer imaging due to their low background fluorescence and high signal amplification by enzymatic turnover. Over the past two decades, activatable fluorescence probes employing various fluorescence control mechanisms have been developed worldwide for this purpose. Furthermore, new biomarker enzymatic activities for specific types of cancers have been identified, enabling visualization of various types of cancers with high sensitivity and specificity. This Review focuses on recent advances in the design, function and characteristics of activatable fluorescence probes that target cancer-specific enzymatic activities for cancer imaging and also discusses future prospects in the field of activity-based diagnostics for cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Su ACY, Ding X, Lau HCH, Kang X, Li Q, Wang X, Liu Y, Jiang L, Lu Y, Liu W, Ding Y, Cheung AHK, To KF, Yu J. Lactococcus lactis HkyuLL 10 suppresses colorectal tumourigenesis and restores gut microbiota through its generated alpha-mannosidase. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-330835. [PMID: 38599786 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-330835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Probiotic Lactococcus lactis is known to confer health benefits to humans. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of L. lactis in colorectal cancer (CRC). DESIGN L. lactis abundance was evaluated in patients with CRC (n=489) and healthy individuals (n=536). L. lactis was isolated from healthy human stools with verification by whole genome sequencing. The effect of L. lactis on CRC tumourigenesis was assessed in transgenic Apc Min/+ mice and carcinogen-induced CRC mice. Faecal microbiota was profiled by metagenomic sequencing. Candidate proteins were characterised by nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biological function of L. lactis conditioned medium (HkyuLL 10-CM) and functional protein was studied in human CRC cells, patient-derived organoids and xenograft mice. RESULTS Faecal L. lactis was depleted in patients with CRC. A new L. lactis strain was isolated from human stools and nomenclated as HkyuLL 10. HkyuLL 10 supplementation suppressed CRC tumourigenesis in Apc Min/+ mice, and this tumour-suppressing effect was confirmed in mice with carcinogen-induced CRC. Microbiota profiling revealed probiotic enrichment including Lactobacillus johnsonii in HkyuLL 10-treated mice. HkyuLL 10-CM significantly abrogated the growth of human CRC cells and patient-derived organoids. Such protective effect was attributed to HkyuLL 10-secreted proteins, and we identified that α-mannosidase was the functional protein. The antitumourigenic effect of α-mannosidase was demonstrated in human CRC cells and organoids, and its supplementation significantly reduced tumour growth in xenograft mice. CONCLUSION HkyuLL 10 suppresses CRC tumourigenesis in mice through restoring gut microbiota and secreting functional protein α-mannosidase. HkyuLL 10 administration may serve as a prophylactic measure against CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Chin Yang Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Harry Cheuk Hay Lau
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Kang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Qing Li
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xueliang Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yali Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lanping Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yinghong Lu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanqiang Ding
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ertay A, Ewing RM, Wang Y. Synthetic lethal approaches to target cancers with loss of PTEN function. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2511-2527. [PMID: 37533462 PMCID: PMC7614861 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a tumour suppressor gene and has a role in inhibiting the oncogenic AKT signalling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) into phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The function of PTEN is regulated by different mechanisms and inactive PTEN results in aggressive tumour phenotype and tumorigenesis. Identifying targeted therapies for inactive tumour suppressor genes such as PTEN has been challenging as it is difficult to restore the tumour suppressor functions. Therefore, focusing on the downstream signalling pathways to discover a targeted therapy for inactive tumour suppressor genes has highlighted the importance of synthetic lethality studies. This review focuses on the potential synthetic lethality genes discovered in PTEN-inactive cancer types. These discovered genes could be potential targeted therapies for PTEN-inactive cancer types and may improve the treatment response rates for aggressive types of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ertay
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rob M. Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yihua Wang
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Pan Y, Liu Y, Wei W, Hu X, Xin W, Chen N. The regulation of PTEN: Novel insights into functions as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1693-1715. [PMID: 37334436 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the implications of the primary tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in aggressive cancer development. PTEN interacts with other cellular proteins or factors suggesting the existence of an intricate molecular network that regulates their oncogenic function. Accumulating evidence has shown that PTEN exists and plays a role in the cytoplasmic organelles and in the nucleus. PTEN blocks phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)-protein kinase B-mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3,4,5-triphosphate to PI-4,5-bisphosphate thus counteracting PI3K function. Studies have shown that PTEN expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels (including protein-protein interactions and posttranslational modifications). Despite recent advances in PTEN research, the regulation and function of the PTEN gene remain largely unknown. How mutation or loss of specific exons in the PTEN gene occurs and involves in cancer development is not clear. This review illustrates the regulatory mechanisms of PTEN expression and discusses how PTEN participates in tumor development and/or suppression. Future prospects for the clinical applications are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yuheng Liu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Skin Research, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei F, Gu Y, He L, Kapoor A, Lin X, Dong Y, Su Y, Neira SV, Tang D. HSD17B6 delays type 2 diabetes development via inhibiting SREBP activation. Metabolism 2023:155631. [PMID: 37330135 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SREBP/SCAP/INSIG complex plays an essential role in SREBP activation and de novo lipogenesis. Whether the activation process is affected by hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6 (HSD17B6) remains unknown. METHODS SREBP's transcriptional activities were analyzed using an SRE-luciferase (SRE-luc) reporter in 293T cells, Huh7 hepatoma cells, and primary human hepatocytes following a variety of conditions, including ectopic expression of HSD17B6, HSD17B6 mutants defective in its enzymatic activities, knockdown of HSD17B6, and cholesterol starvation. The interaction between HSD17B6 and SREBP/SCAP/INSIG complex was analyzed in 293T cells, Huh7 cells and mouse liver upon ectopic expression of HSD17B6 and its mutants; the interaction was also analyzed using endogenous proteins. The impacts of HSD17B6 on SREBP target expression, glucose tolerance, diet-induced obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) were examined using Huh7 cells in vitro, and with C57BL/6 and NONcNZO10/LtJ T2D mice in vivo. RESULTS HSD17B6 binds to the SREBP/SCAP/INSIG complex and inhibits SREBP signaling in cultured hepatocytes and mouse liver. Although HSD17B6 plays a role in maintaining the equilibrium of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in the prostate, a mutant defective in androgen metabolism was as effective as HSD17B6 in inhibiting SREBP signaling. Hepatic expression of both HSD17B6 and the defective mutant improved glucose intolerance and reduced hepatic triglyceride content in diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice, while hepatic knockdown of HSD17B6 exacerbated glucose intolerance. Consistent with these results, liver-specific expression of HSD17B6 in a polygenic NONcNZO10/LtJ T2D mice reduced T2D development. CONCLUSIONS Our study unveils a novel role of HSD17B6 in inhibiting SREBP maturation via binding to the SREBP/SCAP/INSIG complex; this activity is independent of HSD17B6's sterol oxidase activity. Through this action, HSD17B6 improves glucose tolerance and attenuates the development of obesity-induced T2D. These findings position HSD17B6 as a potential therapeutic target for T2D therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Yan Gu
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Lizhi He
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sandra Vega Neira
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gu Y, Lin X, Dong Y, Wood G, Seidah NG, Werstuck G, Major P, Bonert M, Kapoor A, Tang D. PCSK9 facilitates melanoma pathogenesis via a network regulating tumor immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2023; 42:2. [PMID: 36588164 PMCID: PMC9806914 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PCSK9 regulates cholesterol homeostasis and promotes tumorigenesis. However, the relevance of these two actions and the mechanisms underlying PCSK9's oncogenic roles in melanoma and other cancers remain unclear. METHODS PCSK9's association with melanoma was analysed using the TCGA dataset. Empty vector (EV), PCSK9, gain-of-function (D374Y), and loss-of-function (Q152H) PCSK9 mutant were stably-expressed in murine melanoma B16 cells and studied for impact on B16 cell-derived oncogenesis in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic C57BL/6 and Pcsk9-/- mice. Intratumoral accumulation of cholesterol was determined. RNA-seq was performed on individual tumor types. Differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) were derived from the comparisons of B16 PCSK9, B16 D374Y, or B16 Q152H tumors to B16 EV allografts and analysed for pathway alterations. RESULTS PCSK9 expression and its network negatively correlated with the survival probability of patients with melanoma. PCSK9 promoted B16 cell proliferation, migration, and growth in soft agar in vitro, formation of tumors in C57BL/6 mice in vivo, and accumulation of intratumoral cholesterol in a manner reflecting its regulation of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR): Q152H, EV, PCSK9, and D374Y. Tumor-associated T cells, CD8 + T cells, and NK cells were significantly increased in D374Y tumors along with upregulations of multiple immune checkpoints, IFNγ, and 143 genes associated with T cell dysfunction. Overlap of 36 genes between the D374Y DEGs and the PCSK9 DEGs predicted poor prognosis of melanoma and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. CYTH4, DENND1C, AOAH, TBC1D10C, EPSTI1, GIMAP7, and FASL (FAS ligand) were novel predictors of ICB therapy and displayed high level of correlations with multiple immune checkpoints in melanoma and across 30 human cancers. We observed FAS ligand being among the most robust biomarkers of ICB treatment and constructed two novel and effective multigene panels predicting response to ICB therapy. The profiles of allografts produced by B16 EV, PCSK9, D374Y, and Q152H remained comparable in C57BL/6 and Pcsk9-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-derived PCSK9 plays a critical role in melanoma pathogenesis. PCSK9's oncogenic actions are associated with intratumoral cholesterol accumulation. PCSK9 systemically affects the immune system, contributing to melanoma immune evasion. Novel biomarkers derived from the PCSK9-network effectively predicted ICB therapy responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Geoffrey Wood
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Pathology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Nabil G. Seidah
- grid.511547.30000 0001 2106 1695Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Montreal Clinical Research Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Michael Bonert
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), T3310, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1 Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, G344, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maia N, Potelle S, Yildirim H, Duvet S, Akula SK, Schulz C, Wiame E, Gheldof A, O'Kane K, Lai A, Sermon K, Proisy M, Loget P, Attié-Bitach T, Quelin C, Fortuna AM, Soares AR, de Brouwer APM, Van Schaftingen E, Nassogne MC, Walsh CA, Stouffs K, Jorge P, Jansen AC, Foulquier F. Impaired catabolism of free oligosaccharides due to MAN2C1 variants causes a neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:345-360. [PMID: 35045343 PMCID: PMC8874227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Free oligosaccharides (fOSs) are soluble oligosaccharide species generated during N-glycosylation of proteins. Although little is known about fOS metabolism, the recent identification of NGLY1 deficiency, a congenital disorder of deglycosylation (CDDG) caused by loss of function of an enzyme involved in fOS metabolism, has elicited increased interest in fOS processing. The catabolism of fOSs has been linked to the activity of a specific cytosolic mannosidase, MAN2C1, which cleaves α1,2-, α1,3-, and α1,6-mannose residues. In this study, we report the clinical, biochemical, and molecular features of six individuals, including two fetuses, with bi-allelic pathogenic variants in MAN2C1; the individuals are from four different families. These individuals exhibit dysmorphic facial features, congenital anomalies such as tongue hamartoma, variable degrees of intellectual disability, and brain anomalies including polymicrogyria, interhemispheric cysts, hypothalamic hamartoma, callosal anomalies, and hypoplasia of brainstem and cerebellar vermis. Complementation experiments with isogenic MAN2C1-KO HAP1 cells confirm the pathogenicity of three of the identified MAN2C1 variants. We further demonstrate that MAN2C1 variants lead to accumulation and delay in the processing of fOSs in proband-derived cells. These results emphasize the involvement of MAN2C1 in human neurodevelopmental disease and the importance of fOS catabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Maia
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4050-466 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sven Potelle
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hamide Yildirim
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Duvet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unit. de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Shyam K Akula
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Celine Schulz
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unit. de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Elsa Wiame
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Gheldof
- Centre for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katherine O'Kane
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Abbe Lai
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Sermon
- Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maïa Proisy
- CHU Brest, Radiology Department, Brest University, 29609 Brest Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Loget
- Department of Pathology, Rennes University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tania Attié-Bitach
- APHP, Embryofœtopathologie, Service d'Histologie-Embryologie-Cytogénétique, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France; Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Chloé Quelin
- Clinical Genetics Department, Rennes University Hospital, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ana Maria Fortuna
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4050-466 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Soares
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4050-466 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arjan P M de Brouwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emile Van Schaftingen
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, de Duve Institute, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; WELBIO, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Cécile Nassogne
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Institute Of NeuroScience, Clinical Neuroscience, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katrien Stouffs
- Centre for Medical Genetics, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Reproduction and Genetics Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paula Jorge
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, 4050-466 Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Neurogenetics Research Group, Reproduction Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Cluster, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium; Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, UZ Brussel, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unit. de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, 59000 Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valentini S, Gandolfi F, Carolo M, Dalfovo D, Pozza L, Romanel A. OUP accepted manuscript. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1335-1350. [PMID: 35061909 PMCID: PMC8860573 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last years, many studies were able to identify associations between common genetic variants and complex diseases. However, the mechanistic biological links explaining these associations are still mostly unknown. Common variants are usually associated with a relatively small effect size, suggesting that interactions among multiple variants might be a major genetic component of complex diseases. Hence, elucidating the presence of functional relations among variants may be fundamental to identify putative variants’ interactions. To this aim, we developed Polympact, a web-based resource that allows to explore functional relations among human common variants by exploiting variants’ functional element landscape, their impact on transcription factor binding motifs, and their effect on transcript levels of protein-coding genes. Polympact characterizes over 18 million common variants and allows to explore putative relations by combining clustering analysis and innovative similarity and interaction network models. The properties of the network models were studied and the utility of Polympact was demonstrated by analysing the rich sets of Breast Cancer and Alzheimer's GWAS variants. We identified relations among multiple variants, suggesting putative interactions. Polympact is freely available at bcglab.cibio.unitn.it/polympact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Valentini
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Gandolfi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Mattia Carolo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Dalfovo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lara Pozza
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Romanel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 0461 285217; Fax: +39 0461 283937;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guo Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Li M, Shen M, Zhou Z, Zhu S, Li K, Fang Z, Yan B, Zhao S, Su J, Chen X, Peng C. The plasma exosomal miR-1180-3p serves as a novel potential diagnostic marker for cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:487. [PMID: 34544412 PMCID: PMC8454000 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exosomes are a promising tool in disease detection because they are noninvasive, cost-effective, sensitive and stable in body fluids. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are the main exosomal component and participate in tumor development. However, the exosomal miRNA profile among Asian melanoma patients remains unclear. Methods Exosomal miRNAs from the plasma of melanoma patients (n = 20) and healthy individuals (n = 20) were isolated and subjected to small RNA sequencing. Real-time PCR was performed to identify the differential miRNAs and to determine the diagnostic efficiency. Proliferation, scratch and Transwell assays were performed to detect the biological behavior of melanoma cells. Results Exosomal miRNA profiling revealed decreased miR-1180-3p expression as a potential diagnostic marker of melanoma. The validation group of melanoma patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 28) confirmed the diagnostic efficiency of miR-1180-3p. The level of miR-1180-3p in melanoma cells was lower than that in melanocytes. Accordingly, the level of miR-1180-3p was negatively associated with the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Functional analysis and target gene prediction found that ST3GAL4 was a potential target and highly expressed in melanoma tissues and was negatively regulated by miR-1180-3p. Knockdown of ST3GAL4 hindered the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells. Conclusions This study indicates that reduced exosomal miR-1180-3p in melanoma patient plasma is a promising diagnostic marker and provides novel insight into melanoma development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02164-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Linconghua Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Min Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Minxue Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Susi Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Keke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zhiqin Fang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of the OIP5 Network in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174483. [PMID: 34503297 PMCID: PMC8431695 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is an aggressive but minor type of RCC. The current understanding and management of pRCC remain poor. We report here OIP5 being a novel oncogenic factor and possessing robust prognostic values and therapeutic potential. OIP5 upregulation is observed in pRCC. The upregulation is associated with pRCC adverse features (T1P < T2P < CIMP, Stage1 + 2 < Stage 3 < Stage 4, and N0 < N1) and effectively stratifies the fatality risk. OIP5 promotes ACHN pRCC cell proliferation and xenograft formation; the latter is correlated with network alterations related to immune regulation, metabolism, and hypoxia. A set of differentially expressed genes (DEFs) was derived from ACHN OIP5 xenografts and primary pRCCs (n = 282) contingent to OIP5 upregulation; both DEG sets share 66 overlap genes. Overlap66 effectively predicts overall survival (p < 2 × 10-16) and relapse (p < 2 × 10-16) possibilities. High-risk tumors stratified by Overlap66 risk score possess an immune suppressive environment, evident by elevations in Treg cells and PD1 in CD8 T cells. Upregulation of PLK1 occurs in both xenografts and primary pRCC tumors with OIP5 elevations. PLK1 displays a synthetic lethality relationship with OIP5. PLK1 inhibitor BI2356 inhibits the growth of xenografts formed by ACHN OIP5 cells. Collectively, the OIP5 network can be explored for personalized therapies in management of pRCC patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang M, Chen W, Chen J, Yuan S, Hu J, Han B, Huang Y, Zhou W. Abnormal saccharides affecting cancer multi-drug resistance (MDR) and the reversal strategies. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113487. [PMID: 33933752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinically, chemotherapy is the mainstay in the treatment of multiple cancers. However, highly adaptable and activated survival signaling pathways of cancer cells readily emerge after long exposure to chemotherapeutics drugs, resulting in multi-drug resistance (MDR) and treatment failure. Recently, growing evidences indicate that the molecular action mechanisms of cancer MDR are closely associated with abnormalities in saccharides. In this review, saccharides affecting cancer MDR development are elaborated and analyzed in terms of aberrant aerobic glycolysis and its related enzymes, abnormal glycan structures and their associated enzymes, and glycoproteins. The reversal strategies including depletion of ATP, circumventing the original MDR pathway, activation by or inhibition of sugar-related enzymes, combination therapy with traditional cytotoxic agents, and direct modification on the sugar moiety, are ultimately proposed. It follows that abnormal saccharides have a significant effect on cancer MDR development, providing a new perspective for overcoming MDR and improving the outcome of chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meizhu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Production Center, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95, Shaoshan Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 41007, China
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China
| | - Sisi Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiliang Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, E. 232, University Town, Waihuan Rd, Panyu, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bangxing Han
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China; Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Yahui Huang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, 483, Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, 510642, China.
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 200241, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nguyen Huu T, Park J, Zhang Y, Park I, Yoon HJ, Woo HA, Lee SR. Redox Regulation of PTEN by Peroxiredoxins. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020302. [PMID: 33669370 PMCID: PMC7920247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is known as a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in numerous human cancers and inherited syndromes. PTEN functions as a negative regulator of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol (3, 4, 5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) to phosphatidylinositol (4, 5)-bisphosphate (PIP2), which leads to the inhibition of cell growth, proliferation, cell survival, and protein synthesis. PTEN contains a cysteine residue in the active site that can be oxidized by peroxides, forming an intramolecular disulfide bond between Cys124 and Cys71. Redox regulation of PTEN by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in cellular signaling. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a superfamily of peroxidase that catalyzes reduction of peroxides and maintains redox homeostasis. Mammalian Prxs have 6 isoforms (I-VI) and can scavenge cellular peroxides. It has been demonstrated that Prx I can preserve and promote the tumor-suppressive function of PTEN by preventing oxidation of PTEN under benign oxidative stress via direct interaction. Also, Prx II-deficient cells increased PTEN oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, Prx III has been shown to protect PTEN from oxidation induced by 15s-HpETE and 12s-HpETE, these are potent inflammatory and pro-oxidant mediators. Understanding the tight connection between PTEN and Prxs is important for providing novel therapies. Herein, we summarized recent studies focusing on the relationship of Prxs and the redox regulation of PTEN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thang Nguyen Huu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Iha Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
| | - Hyun Joong Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
| | - Hyun Ae Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.A.W.); (S.-R.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-4654 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2775 (S.-R.L.); Fax: +82-2-3277-3760 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2782 (S.-R.L.)
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea; (T.N.H.); (I.P.); (H.J.Y.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 501-190, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.A.W.); (S.-R.L.); Tel.: +82-2-3277-4654 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2775 (S.-R.L.); Fax: +82-2-3277-3760 (H.A.W.); +82-61-379-2782 (S.-R.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Differential Expression of a Panel of Ten CNTN1-Associated Genes during Prostate Cancer Progression and the Predictive Properties of the Panel Towards Prostate Cancer Relapse. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020257. [PMID: 33578925 PMCID: PMC7916715 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contactin 1 (CNTN1) is a new oncogenic protein of prostate cancer (PC); its impact on PC remains incompletely understood. We observed CNTN1 upregulation in LNCaP cell-derived castration-resistant PCs (CRPC) and CNTN1-mediated enhancement of LNCaP cell proliferation. CNTN1 overexpression in LNCaP cells resulted in enrichment of the CREIGHTON_ENDOCRINE_THERAPY_RESISTANCE_3 gene set that facilitates endocrine resistance in breast cancer. The leading-edge (LE) genes (n = 10) of this enrichment consist of four genes with limited knowledge on PC and six genes novel to PC. These LE genes display differential expression during PC initiation, metastatic progression, and CRPC development, and they predict PC relapse following curative therapies at hazard ratio (HR) 2.72, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–3.77, and p = 1.77 × 10−9 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCancer cohort (n = 492) and HR 2.72, 95% CI 1.84–4.01, and p = 4.99 × 10−7 in Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) cohort (n = 140). The LE gene panel classifies high-, moderate-, and low-risk of PC relapse in both cohorts. Additionally, the gene panel robustly predicts poor overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, p = 1.13 × 10−11), consistent with ccRCC and PC both being urogenital cancers. Collectively, we report multiple CNTN1-related genes relevant to PC and their biomarker values in predicting PC relapse.
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian M, Jiang X, Li X, Yang J, Zhang C, Zhang W. LKB1IP promotes pathological cardiac hypertrophy by targeting PTEN/Akt signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:2517-2529. [PMID: 33486894 PMCID: PMC7933949 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver kinase B1 interacting protein 1 (LKB1IP) was identified as the binding protein of tumour suppressor LKB1. However, the role of LKB1IP in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy has not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of LKB1IP in cardiac hypertrophy in response to hypertrophic stimuli. We investigated the cardiac level of LKB1IP in samples from patients with heart failure and mice with cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) or transverse aortic constriction (TAC). LKB1IP knockout mice were generated and challenged with ISO injection or TAC surgery. Cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis were then examined. LKB1IP expression was significantly up‐regulated on hypertrophic stimuli in both human and mouse cardiac samples. LKB1IP knockout markedly protected mouse hearts against ISO‐ or TAC‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. LKB1IP overexpression aggravated ISO‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and its inhibition attenuated hypertrophy in vitro. Mechanistically, LKB1IP activated Akt signalling by directly targeting PTEN and then inhibiting its phosphatase activity. In conclusion, LKB1IP may be a potential target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuxin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gu Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, Li T, Major P, Tang D. Effective Prediction of Prostate Cancer Recurrence through the IQGAP1 Network. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:430. [PMID: 33498739 PMCID: PMC7865788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IQGAP1 expression was analyzed in: (1) primary prostate cancer, (2) xenografts produced from LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 cells, 3) tumor of PTEN-/- and TRAMP mice, and (3) castration resistant PC (CRPC) produced by LNCaP xenografts and PTEN-/- mice. IQGAP1 downregulations occurred in CRPC and advanced PCs. The downregulations were associated with rapid PC recurrence in the TCGA PanCancer (n = 492, p = 0.01) and MSKCC (n = 140, p = 4 × 10-6) cohorts. Differentially expressed genes (n = 598) relative to IQGAP1 downregulation were identified with enrichment in chemotaxis, cytokine signaling, and others along with reductions in immune responses. A novel 27-gene signature (Sig27gene) was constructed from these DEGs through random division of the TCGA cohort into a Training and Testing population. The panel was validated using an independent MSKCC cohort. Sig27gene robustly predicts PC recurrence at (hazard ratio) HR 2.72 and p < 2 × 10-16 in two independent PC cohorts. The prediction remains significant after adjusting for multiple clinical features. The novel and robust nature of Sig27gene underlie its great translational potential as a prognostic biomarker to predict PC relapse risk in patients with primary PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Taosha Li
- Life-Tech Industry Alliance, Shenzhen 518000, China;
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada;
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada; (Y.G.); (X.L.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada;
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fujita K, Kamiya M, Yoshioka T, Ogasawara A, Hino R, Kojima R, Ueo H, Urano Y. Rapid and Accurate Visualization of Breast Tumors with a Fluorescent Probe Targeting α-Mannosidase 2C1. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2217-2227. [PMID: 33376783 PMCID: PMC7760471 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Accurate detection of breast tumors and discrimination of tumor from normal tissues during breast-conserving surgery are essential to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis or recurrence. However, existing probes show substantial background signals in normal breast tissues. In this study, we focus on glycosidase activities in breast tumors. We synthesized a series of 12 fluorescent probes and performed imaging-based evaluation on surgically resected human breast specimens. Among them, the α-mannosidase-reactive fluorescent probe HMRef-αMan detected breast cancer with 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity. We identified α-mannosidase 2C1 as the target enzyme and confirmed its overexpression in various breast tumors. We found that fibroadenoma, the most common benign breast lesion in young woman, tends to have higher α-mannosidase 2C1 activity than malignant cancer. Combined application of green-emitting HMRef-αMan and a red-emitting γ-glutamyltranspeptidase probe enabled efficient dual-color, dual-target optical discrimination of malignant and benign tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyohhei Fujita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takafusa Yoshioka
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Rumi Hino
- Daito
Bunka University, Department of Sports and
Health Science, 560 Iwadono, Higashimatsuyama, Saitama 355-8501, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kojima
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO,
Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ueo
- Ueo
Breast Cancer Hospital, 1-3-5 Futamatacho, Oita, Oita 870-0887, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Graduate School of Medicine and Graduate School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University
of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- CREST,
Japan
Agency for Medical Research and Development, 1-7-1 Otemachi, Chiyoda,
Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
- E-mail
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Turnham DJ, Bullock N, Dass MS, Staffurth JN, Pearson HB. The PTEN Conundrum: How to Target PTEN-Deficient Prostate Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:E2342. [PMID: 33105713 PMCID: PMC7690430 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), which negatively regulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, is strongly linked to advanced prostate cancer progression and poor clinical outcome. Accordingly, several therapeutic approaches are currently being explored to combat PTEN-deficient tumors. These include classical inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network, as well as new approaches that restore PTEN function, or target PTEN regulation of chromosome stability, DNA damage repair and the tumor microenvironment. While targeting PTEN-deficient prostate cancer remains a clinical challenge, new advances in the field of precision medicine indicate that PTEN loss provides a valuable biomarker to stratify prostate cancer patients for treatments, which may improve overall outcome. Here, we discuss the clinical implications of PTEN loss in the management of prostate cancer and review recent therapeutic advances in targeting PTEN-deficient prostate cancer. Deepening our understanding of how PTEN loss contributes to prostate cancer growth and therapeutic resistance will inform the design of future clinical studies and precision-medicine strategies that will ultimately improve patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Turnham
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (D.J.T.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.)
| | - Nicholas Bullock
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (D.J.T.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.)
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
| | - Manisha S. Dass
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (D.J.T.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.)
| | - John N. Staffurth
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK;
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (D.J.T.); (N.B.); (M.S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang J, Wang YY, Du LL, Ye K. Cryo-EM structure of fission yeast tetrameric α-mannosidase Ams1. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2437-2451. [PMID: 32981237 PMCID: PMC7609781 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal α‐mannosidase Ams1 and its mammalian homolog MAN2C1 hydrolyze terminal α‐linked mannoses in free oligosaccharides released from misfolded glycoproteins or lipid‐linked oligosaccharide donors. Ams1 is transported by selective autophagy into vacuoles. Here, we determine the tetrameric structure of Ams1 from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe at 3.2 Å resolution by cryo‐electron microscopy. Distinct from a low resolution structure of S. cerevisiae Ams1, S. pombe Ams1 has a prominent N‐terminal tail that mediates tetramerization and an extra β‐sheet domain. Ams1 shares a conserved active site with other enzymes in glycoside hydrolase family 38, to which Ams1 belongs, but contains extra N‐terminal domains involved in tetramerization. The atomic structure of Ams1 reported here will aid understanding of its enzymatic activity and transport mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Lin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Keqiong Ye
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ryan AT, Pulukuri AJ, Davaritouchaee M, Abbasi A, Hendricksen AT, Opp LK, Burt AJ, Nielsen AE, Mancini RJ. Comparing the immunogenicity of glycosidase-directed resiquimod prodrugs mediated by cancer cell metabolism. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:995-1004. [PMID: 32451412 PMCID: PMC7470892 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed an enzyme-directed immunostimulant (EDI) prodrug motif, which is metabolized to active immunostimulant by cancer cells and, following drug efflux, activates nearby immune cells, resulting in immunogenicity. In this study, we synthesized several EDI prodrugs featuring an imidazoquinoline immunostimulant resiquimod (a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist) covalently modified with glycosidase enzyme-directing groups selected from substrates of β-glucuronidase, α-mannosidase, or β-galactosidase. We compared the glycosidase-dependent immunogenicity elicited by each EDI in RAW-Blue macrophages following conversion to active immunostimulant by complementary glycosidase. At a cellular level, we examined EDI metabolism across three cancer cell lines (B16 melanoma, TC2 prostate, and 4T1 breast cancer). Comparing the relative immunogenicity elicited by each EDI/cancer cell combination, we found that B16 cells produced the highest EDI prodrug immunogenicity, achieving >95% of that elicited by unmodified resiquimod, followed by TC2 and 4T1 cells (40% and 30%, respectively). Immunogenicity elicited was comparable for a given cell type and independent of the glycosidase substrate in the EDIs or differences in functional glycosidase activity between cell lines. Measuring drug efflux of the immunostimulant payload and efflux protein expression revealed that EDI/cancer cell-mediated immunogenicity was governed by efflux potential of the cancer cells. We determined that, following EDI conversion, immunostimulant efflux occurred through both P-glycoprotein-dependent and P-glycoprotein-independent transport mechanisms. Overall, this study highlights the broad ability of EDIs to couple immunogenicity to the metabolism of many cancers that exhibit drug efflux and suggests that designing future generations of EDIs with immunostimulant payloads that are optimized for drug efflux could be particularly beneficial.
Collapse
|
21
|
Posttranslational Regulation and Conformational Plasticity of PTEN. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036095. [PMID: 31932468 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently down-modulated in human cancer. PTEN inhibits the phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway through its lipid phosphatase activity. Multiple PI3K/AKT-independent actions of PTEN, protein-phosphatase activities and functions within the nucleus have also been described. PTEN, therefore, regulates many cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival, genomic integrity, polarity, migration, and invasion. Even a modest decrease in the functional dose of PTEN may promote cancer development. Understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate PTEN protein levels and function, and how these may go awry in cancer contexts, is, therefore, key to fully understanding the role of PTEN in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss current knowledge on posttranslational control and conformational plasticity of PTEN, as well as therapeutic possibilities toward reestablishment of PTEN tumor-suppressor activity in cancer.
Collapse
|
22
|
Shu X, Long J, Cai Q, Kweon SS, Choi JY, Kubo M, Park SK, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Yang Y, Shi J, Guo X, Li B, Tao R, Aronson KJ, Chan KYK, Chan TL, Gao YT, Hartman M, Kee Ho W, Ito H, Iwasaki M, Iwata H, John EM, Kasuga Y, Soon Khoo U, Kim MK, Kong SY, Kurian AW, Kwong A, Lee ES, Li J, Lophatananon A, Low SK, Mariapun S, Matsuda K, Matsuo K, Muir K, Noh DY, Park B, Park MH, Shen CY, Shin MH, Spinelli JJ, Takahashi A, Tseng C, Tsugane S, Wu AH, Xiang YB, Yamaji T, Zheng Y, Milne RL, Dunning AM, Pharoah PDP, García-Closas M, Teo SH, Shu XO, Kang D, Easton DF, Simard J, Zheng W. Identification of novel breast cancer susceptibility loci in meta-analyses conducted among Asian and European descendants. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1217. [PMID: 32139696 PMCID: PMC7057957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15046-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Known risk variants explain only a small proportion of breast cancer heritability, particularly in Asian women. To search for additional genetic susceptibility loci for breast cancer, here we perform a meta-analysis of data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted in Asians (24,206 cases and 24,775 controls) and European descendants (122,977 cases and 105,974 controls). We identified 31 potential novel loci with the lead variant showing an association with breast cancer risk at P < 5 × 10-8. The associations for 10 of these loci were replicated in an independent sample of 16,787 cases and 16,680 controls of Asian women (P < 0.05). In addition, we replicated the associations for 78 of the 166 known risk variants at P < 0.05 in Asians. These findings improve our understanding of breast cancer genetics and etiology and extend previous findings from studies of European descendants to Asian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sue K Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yaohua Yang
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jiajun Shi
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xingyi Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kristan J Aronson
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Kelvin Y K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsun L Chan
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Weang Kee Ho
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
- Departments of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, CA, USA
| | - Yoshio Kasuga
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Matsushiro General Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ui Soon Khoo
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mi-Kyung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Management, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Allison W Kurian
- Departments of Health Research and Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, CA, USA
| | - Ava Kwong
- Hong Kong Hereditary Breast Cancer Family Registry, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eun-Sook Lee
- National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Ho Park
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichong, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - John J Spinelli
- Population Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiuchen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Division of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Soo-Hwang Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpar, Malaysia
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec - Université Laval, Research Center, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jiang Y, Lin X, Kapoor A, He L, Wei F, Gu Y, Mei W, Zhao K, Yang H, Tang D. FAM84B promotes prostate tumorigenesis through a network alteration. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846372. [PMID: 31205500 PMCID: PMC6535720 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the contributions of FAM84B in prostate tumorigenesis and progression. Methods: A FAM84B mutant with deletion of its HRASLS domain (ΔHRASLS) was constructed. DU145 prostate cancer (PC) cells stably expressing an empty vector (EV), FAM84B, or FAM84B (ΔHRASLS) were produced. These lines were examined for proliferation, invasion, and growth in soft agar in vitro. DU145 EV and FAM84B cells were investigated for tumor growth and lung metastasis in NOD/SCID mice. The transcriptome of DU145 EV xenografts (n = 2) and DU145 FAM84B tumors (n = 2) was determined using RNA sequencing, and analyzed for pathway alterations. The FAM84B-affected network was evaluated for an association with PC recurrence. Results: FAM84B but not FAM84B (ΔHRASLS) increased DU145 cell invasion and growth in soft agar. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization analyses revealed an interaction between FAM84B and FAM84B (ΔHRASLS), suggesting an intramolecular association among FAM84B molecules. FAM84B significantly enhanced DU145 cell-derived xenografts and lung metastasis. In comparison with DU145 EV cell-produced tumors, those generated by DU145 FAM84B cells showed a large number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs; n = 4976). A total of 51 pathways were enriched in these DEGs, which function in the Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum processes, cell cycle checkpoints, mitochondrial events, and protein translation. A novel 27-gene signature (SigFAM) was derived from these DEGs; SigFAM robustly stratifies PC recurrence in two large PC populations (n = 490, p = 0; n = 140, p = 4e−11), and remains an independent risk factor of PC recurrence after adjusting for age at diagnosis, Gleason scores, surgical margin, and tumor stages. Conclusions: FAM84B promotes prostate tumorigenesis through a complex network that predicts PC recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON. Canada Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Hamilton Urologic Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lizhi He
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kuncheng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital/Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, T3310, St. Joseph's Hospital, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Downregulation of CYB5D2 is associated with breast cancer progression. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6624. [PMID: 31036830 PMCID: PMC6488675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43006-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that CYB5D2 is associated with tumor suppression function in breast cancer (BC). CYB5D2 expression was significantly reduced in tamoxifen resistant MCF7 cells and in MCF7 cell-derived xenografts treated with TAM. CYB5D2 overexpression induced apoptosis in MCF7 cells; CYB5D2 knockdown enhanced MCF7 cell proliferation. Using the TCGA and Curtis datasets within the Oncomine database, CYB5D2 mRNA expression was downregulated in primary BCs vs breast tissues and HER2-positive or triple negative BCs vs estrogen receptor (ER)-positive BCs. Using the TCGA and Metabric datasets (n = 817 and n = 2509) within cBioPortal, 660 and 4891 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in relation to CYB5D2 were identified. These DEGs were enriched in pathways governing cell cycle progression, progesterone-derived oocyte maturation, oocyte-meiosis, estrogen-mediated S-phase entry, and DNA metabolism. CYB5D2 downregulation decreased overall survival (OS, p = 0.0408). A CYB5D2-derived 21-gene signature was constructed and robustly correlated with OS shortening (p = 5.72e-12), and independently predicted BC deaths (HR = 1.28; 95% CI 1.08–1.52; p = 0.004) once adjusting for known clinical factors. CYB5D2 reductions displayed relationship with mutations in PIK3CA, GATA3, MAP3K1, CDH1, TP53 and RB1. Impressively, 85% (560/659) of TP53 mutations occurred in the 21-gene signature-positive BC. Collectively, we provide the first evidence that CYB5D2 is a candidate tumor suppressor of BC.
Collapse
|
25
|
Bazzichetto C, Conciatori F, Pallocca M, Falcone I, Fanciulli M, Cognetti F, Milella M, Ciuffreda L. PTEN as a Prognostic/Predictive Biomarker in Cancer: An Unfulfilled Promise? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040435. [PMID: 30925702 PMCID: PMC6520939 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying putative biomarkers of clinical outcomes in cancer is crucial for successful enrichment, and for the selection of patients who are the most likely to benefit from a specific therapeutic approach. Indeed, current research in personalized cancer therapy focuses on the possibility of identifying biomarkers that predict prognosis, sensitivity or resistance to therapies. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene that regulates several crucial cell functions such as proliferation, survival, genomic stability and cell motility through both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Despite its undisputed role as a tumor suppressor, assessment of PTEN status in sporadic human tumors has yet to provide clinically robust prognostic, predictive or therapeutic information. This is possibly due to the exceptionally complex regulation of PTEN function, which involves genetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational events. This review shows a brief summary of the regulation and function of PTEN and discusses its controversial aspects as a prognostic/predictive biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bazzichetto
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome 00185, Italy.
| | - Fabiana Conciatori
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Italia Falcone
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| | - Michele Milella
- Section of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona School of Medicine and Verona University Hospital Trust, Verona 37126, Italy.
| | - Ludovica Ciuffreda
- Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00144, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Wang G, Yu Y, Jian W, Zhang D, Wang Y, Wang T, Meng Y, Yuan C, Zhang C. α-1,2-Mannosidase MAN1C1 Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:4618-4626. [PMID: 30588245 PMCID: PMC6299394 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the biological function of the gene MAN1C1 α-mannosidase in renal cell carcinoma. It has been reported that MAN1C1 is probably a potential tumor suppressor gene in Wilms. However, the role of MAN1C1 in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has not been reported. Methods: In this study, MAN1C1 gene over-expression was used to transfect human renal cancer cell lines 786-O and OS-RC-2 to study apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms which influence epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Results: MAN1C1 was down-regulated in ccRCC and related to the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of ccRCC. We revealed that over-expression MAN1C1 showed anti-tumor effect by inducing apoptosis, as determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, cell cycle analysis, and western blot analysis. What's more, MAN1C1 over-expression remarkably increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing the expression of E-CA. In addition, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and E-CA were also increased in MAN1C1 gene over-expression renal cancer cells compared with the control cells. Conclusion: We find that re-expression of silenced MAN1C1 in ccRCC cell lines inhibited cell viability, colony formation, induced apoptosis, suppressed cell invasion and migration. In conclusion, MAN1C1 is a novel functional tumor suppressor in renal carcinogenesis. This is the first time that the function of MAN1C1 gene has been verified in the renal tumor tissue so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yipeng Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wengang Jian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Daming Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongquan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tengda Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuyang Meng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Naderali E, Khaki AA, Rad JS, Ali-Hemmati A, Rahmati M, Charoudeh HN. Regulation and modulation of PTEN activity. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:2869-2881. [PMID: 30145641 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is a tumor suppressor that is frequently mutated in most human cancers. PTEN is a lipid and protein phosphatase that antagonizes PI3K/AKT pathway through lipid phosphatase activity at the plasma membrane. More recent studies showed that, in addition to the putative role of PTEN as a PI(3,4,5)P3 3-phosphatase, it is a PI(3,4)P2 3-phosphatase during stimulation of class I PI3K signaling pathway by growth factor. Although PTEN tumor suppressor function via it's lipid phosphatase activity occurs primarily in the plasma membrane, it can also be found in the nucleus, in cytoplasmic organelles and extracellular space. PTEN has also shown phosphatase independent functions in the nucleus. PTEN can exit from the cell through exosomal export or secretion and has a tumor suppressor function in adjacent cells. PTEN has a critical role in growth, the cell cycle, protein synthesis, survival, DNA repair and migration. Understanding the regulation of PTEN function, activity, stability, localization and its dysregulation outcomes and also the intracellular and extracellular role of PTEN and paracrine role of PTEN-L in tumor cells as an exogenous therapeutic agent can help to improve clinical conceptualization and treatment of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Naderali
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Afshin Khaki
- Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleymani Rad
- Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ali-Hemmati
- Department of Anatomical sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hojjatollah Nozad Charoudeh
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 51656-65811, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gu Y, Chow MJ, Kapoor A, Mei W, Jiang Y, Yan J, De Melo J, Seliman M, Yang H, Cutz JC, Bonert M, Major P, Tang D. Biphasic Alteration of Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) During Prostate Cancer Development. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1012-1022. [PMID: 29966864 PMCID: PMC6031255 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is a plasma enzyme that hydrolyzes ghrelin and bioactive esters, suggesting a role in modulating metabolism. Serum BChE is reduced in cancer patients. In prostate cancer (PC), the down-regulation is associated with disease recurrence. Nonetheless, how BChE is expressed in PC and its impact on PC remain unclear. We report here the biphasic changes of BChE expression in PC. In vitro, BChE expression was decreased in more tumorigenic PC stem-like cells (PCSLCs), DU145, and PC3 cells compared to less tumorigenic non-stem PCs and LNCaP cells. On the other hand, BChE was expressed at a higher level in LNCaP cells than immortalized but non-tumorigenic prostate epithelial BPH-1 cells. In vivo, BChE expression was up-regulated in DU145 xenografts compared to LNCaP xenografts; DU145 cell-derived lung metastases displayed comparable levels of BChE as subcutaneous tumors. Furthermore, LNCaP xenografts produced in castrated mice exhibited a significant increase of BChE expression compared to xenografts generated in intact mice. In patients, BChE expression was down-regulated in PCs (n = 340) compared to prostate tissues (n = 86). In two independent PC populations MSKCC (n = 130) and TCGA Provisional (n = 490), BChE mRNA levels were reduced from World Health Organization grade group 1 (WHOGG 1) PCs to WHOGG 3 PCs, followed by a significant increase in WHOGG 5 PCs. The up-regulation was associated with a reduction in disease-free survival (P = .008). Collectively, we demonstrated for the first time a biphasic alteration of BChE, its down-regulation at early stage of PC and its up-regulation at advanced PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathilda Jing Chow
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenjuan Mei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason De Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maryam Seliman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; School of Medicine, the National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Huixiang Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Bonert
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; the Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ojo D, Lin X, Wu Y, Cockburn J, Bane A, Tang D. Polycomb complex protein BMI1 confers resistance to tamoxifen in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 426:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Lee YR, Chen M, Pandolfi PP. The functions and regulation of the PTEN tumour suppressor: new modes and prospects. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2018; 19:547-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-018-0015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 399] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
31
|
Burt AJ, Hantho JD, Nielsen AE, Mancini RJ. An Enzyme-Directed Imidazoquinoline Activated by Drug Resistance. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2184-2188. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Burt
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Joseph D. Hantho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Amy E. Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Rock J. Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 East College Avenue, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Etoposide-induced DNA damage affects multiple cellular pathways in addition to DNA damage response. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24122-24139. [PMID: 29844877 PMCID: PMC5963631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) coordinates lesion repair and checkpoint activation. DDR is intimately connected with transcription. However, the relationship between DDR and transcription has not been clearly established. We report here RNA-sequencing analyses of MCF7 cells containing double-strand breaks induced by etoposide. While etoposide does not apparently cause global changes in mRNA abundance, it altered some gene expression. At the setting of fold alteration ≥ 2 and false discovery rate (FDR) ≤ 0.001, FDR < 0.05, or p < 0.05, etoposide upregulated 96, 268, or 860 genes and downregulated 41, 133, or 503 genes in MCF7 cells. Among these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the processes of biogenesis, metabolism, cell motility, signal transduction, and others were affected; the pathways of Ras GTPase activity, RNA binding, cytokine-mediated signaling, kinase regulatory activity, protein binding, and translation were upregulated, and those pathways related to coated vesicle, calmodulin binding, and microtubule-based movement were downregulated. We further identified RABL6, RFTN2, FAS-AS1, and TCEB3CL as new DDR-affected genes in MCF7 and T47D cells. By metabolic labelling using 4-thiouridine, we observed dynamic alterations in the transcription of these genes in etoposide-treated MCF7 and T47D cells. During 0-2 hour etoposide treatment, RABL6 transcription was robustly increased at 0.5 and 1 hour in MCF7 cells and at 2 hours in T47D cells, while FAS-AS1 transcription was dramatically and steadily elevated in both cell lines. Taken together, we demonstrate dynamic alterations in transcription and that these changes affect multiple cellular processes in etoposide-induced DDR.
Collapse
|
33
|
Targeting PTEN in Colorectal Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1110:55-73. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02771-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
34
|
Cecioni S, Vocadlo DJ. Carbohydrate Bis-acetal-Based Substrates as Tunable Fluorescence-Quenched Probes for Monitoring exo-Glycosidase Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [PMID: 28631482 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tunable Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-quenched substrates are useful for monitoring the activity of various enzymes within their relevant physiological environments. Development of FRET-quenched substrates for exo-glycosidases, however, has been hindered by their constrained pocket-shaped active sites. Here we report the design of a new class of substrate that overcomes this problem. These Bis-Acetal-Based Substrates (BABS) bear a hemiacetal aglycon leaving group that tethers fluorochromes in close proximity, also positioning them distant from the active site pocket. Following cleavage of the glycosidic bond, the liberated hemiacetal spontaneously breaks down, leading to separation of the fluorophore and quencher. We detail the synthesis and characterization of GlcNAc-BABS, revealing a striking 99.9% quenching efficiency. These substrates are efficiently turned over by the human exo-glycosidase O-GlcNAcase (OGA). We find the hemiacetal leaving group rapidly breaks down, enabling quantitative monitoring of OGA activity. We expect this strategy to be broadly useful for the development of substrate probes for monitoring exo-glycosidases, as well as a range of other enzymes having constrained pocket-shaped active sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samy Cecioni
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lin X, Wei F, Major P, Al-Nedawi K, Al Saleh HA, Tang D. Microvesicles Contribute to the Bystander Effect of DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040788. [PMID: 28387728 PMCID: PMC5412372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Genotoxic treatments elicit DNA damage response (DDR) not only in cells that are directly exposed but also in cells that are not in the field of treatment (bystander cells), a phenomenon that is commonly referred to as the bystander effect (BE). However, mechanisms underlying the BE remain elusive. We report here that etoposide and ultraviolet (UV) exposure stimulate the production of microvesicles (MVs) in DU145 prostate cancer cells. MVs isolated from UV-treated DU145 and A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells as well as etoposide-treated DU145 cells induced phosphorylation of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) at serine 1981 (indicative of ATM activation) and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 (γH2AX) in naïve DU145 cells. Importantly, neutralization of MVs derived from UV-treated cells with annexin V significantly reduced the MV-associated BE activities. Etoposide and UV are known to induce DDR primarily through the ATM and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) pathways, respectively. In this regard, MV is likely a common source for the DNA damage-induced bystander effect. However, pre-treatment of DU145 naïve cells with an ATM (KU55933) inhibitor does not affect the BE elicited by MVs isolated from etoposide-treated cells, indicating that the BE is induced upstream of ATM actions. Taken together, we provide evidence supporting that MVs are a source of the DNA damage-induced bystander effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China.
| | - Pierre Major
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8V 5C2, Canada.
| | - Khalid Al-Nedawi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Hassan A Al Saleh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Catabolism of N-glycoproteins in mammalian cells: Molecular mechanisms and genetic disorders related to the processes. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:89-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
37
|
Vojta A, Samaržija I, Bočkor L, Zoldoš V. Glyco-genes change expression in cancer through aberrant methylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1776-85. [PMID: 26794090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most eukaryotic proteins are modified by covalent addition of glycan molecules that considerably influence their function. Aberrant glycosylation is profoundly involved in malignant transformation, tumor progression and metastasis. Some glycan structures are tumor-specific and reflect disturbed glycan biosynthesis pathways. METHODS We analyzed DNA methylation and expression of 86 glyco-genes in melanoma, hepatocellular, breast and cervical cancers using data from publicly available databases. We also analyzed methylation datasets without the available matching expression data for glyco-genes in lung cancer, and progression of melanoma into lymph node and brain metastases. RESULTS Ten glyco-genes (GALNT3, GALNT6, GALNT7, GALNT14, MGAT3, MAN1A1, MAN1C1, ST3GAL2, ST6GAL1, ST8SIA3) showing changes in both methylation and expression in the same type of cancer belong to GalNAc transferases, GlcNAc transferases, mannosidases and sialyltransferases, which is in line with changes in glycan structures already reported in the same type of tumors. Some of those genes were additionally identified as potentially valuable for disease prognosis. The MGAT5B gene, so far identified as specifically expressed in brain, emerged as a novel candidate gene that is epigenetically dysregulated in different cancers other than brain cancer. We also report for the first time aberrant expression of the GALNT and MAN genes in cancer by aberrant promoter methylation. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant expression of glyco-genes due to aberrant promoter methylation could be a way leading to characteristic glycosylation profiles commonly described in cancer. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Methylation status in promoters of candidate glyco-genes might serve as prognostic markers for specific tumors and point to potential novel targets for epigenetic drugs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Vojta
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivana Samaržija
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Bočkor
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vlatka Zoldoš
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Division of Molecular Biology, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xie Y, Shen YT, Kapoor A, Ojo D, Wei F, De Melo J, Lin X, Wong N, Yan J, Tao L, Major P, Tang D. CYB5D2 displays tumor suppression activities towards cervical cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:556-565. [PMID: 26692170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) and genetic alternations in the cervical epithelium. While the former is well studied, the latter remains unclear. We report here that CYB5D2/Neuferricin possesses tumor suppressing activity towards cervical tumorigenesis. Ectopic expression of CYB5D2 did not affect HeLa cell proliferation and the cell's ability to form xenograft tumors, but significantly inhibited HeLa cell invasion in vitro and the cell-produced lung metastasis in NOD/SCID mice. Knockdown of CYB5D2 enhanced HeLa cell invasion. Two mutations in CYB5D2, the substitutions of arginine (R) 7 with either proline (P) or glycine (G), were reported in colon cancer. Both CYB5D2(R7P) and CYB5D2(R7G) were incapable of inhibiting HeLa cell invasion. CYB5D2 binds heme, in which aspartate (D) 86 is required. While CYB5D2(D86G) is heme-binding defective, it inhibited HeLa cell invasion. On the other hand, CYB5D2(R7P) and CYB5D2(R7G) bound heme but did not inhibit HeLa cell invasion. Collectively, CYB5D2 inhibits HeLa cell invasion independently of its heme binding. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry examination of CYB5D2 expression in 20 normal cervical tissues and 40 cervical squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) revealed a CYB5D2 reduction in 87.5% (35/40) of SCC. Analysis of CYB5D2 gene expression and genomic alteration data available from Oncomeine™ detected significant reductions of CYB5D2 mRNA in 40 SCCs and CYB5D2 gene copy number in 107 SCCs. Collectively, we provide evidence that CYB5D2 is a candidate tumor suppressor of cervical tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyun Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Yen Ting Shen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diane Ojo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Women and Children's Health, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China; ZhunYi Medical University, Zhunyi, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Jason De Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Nicholas Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada
| | - Lijian Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Canada; Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Canada; The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hill B, De Melo J, Yan J, Kapoor A, He L, Cutz JC, Feng X, Bakhtyar N, Tang D. Common reduction of the Raf kinase inhibitory protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7406-19. [PMID: 25277181 PMCID: PMC4202132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent progress in our understanding of clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs), the etiology of ccRCC remains unclear. We reported here a prevailing reduction of the raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) in ccRCC. In our examination of more than 600 ccRCC patients by western blot and immunohistochemistry, RKIP was significantly reduced in 80% of tumors. Inhibition of RKIP transcription in ccRCC occurs to greater levels than VHL transcription based on the quantification analysis of their transcripts in six large datasets of DNA microarray available in Oncomine™ with the median rank of suppression being 582 and 2343 for RKIP and VHL, respectively. Collectively, the magnitude of RKIP reduction and the levels of its downregulation match those of VHL. Furthermore, RKIP displays tumor suppressing activity in ccRCC. While modulation of RKIP expression did not affect the proliferation of A498 and 786-0 ccRCC cells and neither their ability to form xenograft tumors in NOD/SCID mice, ectopic expression or knockdown of RKIP inhibited or enhanced A498 and 786-0 ccRCC cell invasion, respectively. This was associated with robust changes in vimentin expression, a marker of EMT. Taken together, we demonstrate here that downregulation of RKIP occurs frequently at a rate that reaches that of VHL, suggesting RKIP being a critical tumor suppressor for ccRCC. This is consistent with RKIP being a tumor suppressor for other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianne Hill
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason De Melo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lizhi He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology (BCMP), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Cutz
- Department of Pathology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xingchang Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Nazihah Bakhtyar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Phosphatase and Tensin Homologue: Novel Regulation by Developmental Signaling. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2015; 2015:282567. [PMID: 26339505 PMCID: PMC4539077 DOI: 10.1155/2015/282567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is a critical cell endogenous inhibitor of phosphoinositide signaling in mammalian cells. PTEN dephosphorylates phosphoinositide trisphosphate (PIP3), and by so doing PTEN has the function of negative regulation of Akt, thereby inhibiting this key intracellular signal transduction pathway. In numerous cell types, PTEN loss-of-function mutations result in unopposed Akt signaling, producing numerous effects on cells. Numerous reports exist regarding mutations in PTEN leading to unregulated Akt and human disease, most notably cancer. However, less is commonly known about nonmutational regulation of PTEN. This review focuses on an emerging literature on the regulation of PTEN at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels. Specifically, a focus is placed on the role developmental signaling pathways play in PTEN regulation; this includes insulin-like growth factor, NOTCH, transforming growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein, wnt, and hedgehog signaling. The regulation of PTEN by developmental mediators affects critical biological processes including neuronal and organ development, stem cell maintenance, cell cycle regulation, inflammation, response to hypoxia, repair and recovery, and cell death and survival. Perturbations of PTEN regulation consequently lead to human diseases such as cancer, chronic inflammatory syndromes, developmental abnormalities, diabetes, and neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
41
|
Bermúdez Brito M, Goulielmaki E, Papakonstanti EA. Focus on PTEN Regulation. Front Oncol 2015; 5:166. [PMID: 26284192 PMCID: PMC4515857 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2015.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) as a tumor suppressor has been for a long time attributed to its lipid phosphatase activity against PI(3,4,5)P3, the phospholipid product of the class I PI3Ks. Besides its traditional role as a lipid phosphatase at the plasma membrane, a wealth of data has shown that PTEN can function independently of its phosphatase activity and that PTEN also exists and plays a role in the nucleus, in cytoplasmic organelles, and extracellularly. Accumulating evidence has shed light on diverse physiological functions of PTEN, which are accompanied by a complex regulation of its expression and activity. PTEN levels and function are regulated transcriptionally, post-transcriptionally, and post-translationally. PTEN is also sensitive to regulation by its interacting proteins and its localization. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on mechanisms that regulate the expression and enzymatic activity of PTEN and its role in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bermúdez Brito
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | - Evangelia Goulielmaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete , Heraklion , Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Harada Y, Hirayama H, Suzuki T. Generation and degradation of free asparagine-linked glycans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2509-33. [PMID: 25772500 PMCID: PMC11113800 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Asparagine (N)-linked protein glycosylation, which takes place in the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is important for protein folding, quality control and the intracellular trafficking of secretory and membrane proteins. It is known that, during N-glycosylation, considerable amounts of lipid-linked oligosaccharides (LLOs), the glycan donor substrates for N-glycosylation, are hydrolyzed to form free N-glycans (FNGs) by unidentified mechanisms. FNGs are also generated in the cytosol by the enzymatic deglycosylation of misfolded glycoproteins during ER-associated degradation. FNGs derived from LLOs and misfolded glycoproteins are eventually merged into one pool in the cytosol and the various glycan structures are processed to a near homogenous glycoform. This article summarizes the current state of our knowledge concerning the formation and catabolism of FNGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Harada
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Hiroto Hirayama
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The importance of PTEN in cellular function is underscored by the frequency of its deregulation in cancer. PTEN tumor-suppressor activity depends largely on its lipid phosphatase activity, which opposes PI3K/AKT activation. As such, PTEN regulates many cellular processes, including proliferation, survival, energy metabolism, cellular architecture, and motility. More than a decade of research has expanded our knowledge about how PTEN is controlled at the transcriptional level as well as by numerous posttranscriptional modifications that regulate its enzymatic activity, protein stability, and cellular location. Although the role of PTEN in cancers has long been appreciated, it is also emerging as an important factor in other diseases, such as diabetes and autism spectrum disorders. Our understanding of PTEN function and regulation will hopefully translate into improved prognosis and treatment for patients suffering from these ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Worby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0721;
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hopkins BD, Hodakoski C, Barrows D, Mense SM, Parsons RE. PTEN function: the long and the short of it. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:183-90. [PMID: 24656806 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is a phosphatase that is frequently altered in cancer. PTEN has phosphatase-dependent and -independent roles, and genetic alterations in PTEN lead to deregulation of protein synthesis, the cell cycle, migration, growth, DNA repair, and survival signaling. PTEN localization, stability, conformation, and phosphatase activity are controlled by an array of protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications. Thus, PTEN-interacting and -modifying proteins have profound effects on the tumor suppressive functions of PTEN. Moreover, recent studies identified mechanisms by which PTEN can exit cells, via either exosomal export or secretion, and act on neighboring cells. This review focuses on modes of PTEN protein regulation and ways in which perturbations in this regulation may lead to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Hopkins
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Cindy Hodakoski
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Douglas Barrows
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah M Mense
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ramon E Parsons
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Paciotti S, Persichetti E, Klein K, Tasegian A, Duvet S, Hartmann D, Gieselmann V, Beccari T. Accumulation of free oligosaccharides and tissue damage in cytosolic α-mannosidase (Man2c1)-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9611-22. [PMID: 24550399 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Free Man(7-9)GlcNAc2 is released during the biosynthesis pathway of N-linked glycans or from misfolded glycoproteins during the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process and are reduced to Man5GlcNAc in the cytosol. In this form, free oligosaccharides can be transferred into the lysosomes to be degraded completely. α-Mannosidase (MAN2C1) is the enzyme responsible for the partial demannosylation occurring in the cytosol. It has been demonstrated that the inhibition of MAN2C1 expression induces accumulation of Man(8-9)GlcNAc oligosaccharides and apoptosis in vitro. We investigated the consequences caused by the lack of cytosolic α-mannosidase activity in vivo by the generation of Man2c1-deficient mice. Increased amounts of Man(8-9)GlcNAc oligosaccharides were recognized in all analyzed KO tissues. Histological analysis of the CNS revealed neuronal and glial degeneration with formation of multiple vacuoles in deep neocortical layers and major telencephalic white matter tracts. Enterocytes of the small intestine accumulate mannose-containing saccharides and glycogen particles in their apical cytoplasm as well as large clear vacuoles in retronuclear position. Liver tissue is characterized by groups of hepatocytes with increased content of mannosyl compounds and glycogen, some of them undergoing degeneration by hydropic swelling. In addition, lectin screening showed the presence of mannose-containing saccharides in the epithelium of proximal kidney tubules, whereas scattered glomeruli appeared collapsed or featured signs of fibrosis along Bowman's capsule. Except for a moderate enrichment of mannosyl compounds and glycogen, heterozygous mice were normal, arguing against possible toxic effects of truncated Man2c1. These findings confirm the key role played by Man2c1 in the catabolism of free oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Paciotti
- From the Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Perugia, Perugia 06126, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dillon LM, Miller TW. Therapeutic targeting of cancers with loss of PTEN function. Curr Drug Targets 2014; 15:65-79. [PMID: 24387334 PMCID: PMC4310752 DOI: 10.2174/1389450114666140106100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is one of the most frequently disrupted tumor suppressors in cancer. The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN antagonizes the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway to repress tumor cell growth and survival. In the nucleus, PTEN promotes chromosome stability and DNA repair. Consequently, loss of PTEN function increases genomic instability. PTEN deficiency is caused by inherited germline mutations, somatic mutations, epigenetic and transcriptional silencing, post-translational modifications, and protein-protein interactions. Given the high frequency of PTEN deficiency across cancer subtypes, therapeutic approaches that exploit PTEN loss-of-function could provide effective treatment strategies. Herein, we discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at cancers with loss of PTEN function, and the challenges involved in treating patients afflicted with such cancers. We review preclinical and clinical findings, and highlight novel strategies under development to target PTENdeficient cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd W Miller
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, One Medical Center Dr. HB-7936, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yan J, Wong N, Hung C, Chen WXY, Tang D. Contactin-1 reduces E-cadherin expression via activating AKT in lung cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65463. [PMID: 23724143 PMCID: PMC3665745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Contactin-1 has been shown to promote cancer metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We report here that knockdown of contactin-1 in A549 lung cancer cells reduced A549 cell invasion and the cell's ability to grow in soft agar without affecting cell proliferation. Reduction of contactin-1 resulted in upregulation of E-cadherin, consistent with E-cadherin being inhibitive of cancer cell invasion. In an effort to investigate the mechanisms whereby contactin-1 reduces E-cadherin expression, we observed that contactin-1 plays a role in AKT activation, as knockdown of contactin-1 attenuated AKT activation. Additionally, inhibition of AKT activation significantly enhanced E-cadherin expression, an observation that mimics the situation observed in contactin-1 knockdown, suggesting that activation of AKT plays a role in contactin-1-mediated downregulation of E-cadherin. In addition, we were able to show that knockdown of contactin-1 did not further reduce A549 cell's invasion ability, when AKT activation was inhibited by an AKT inhibitor. To further support our findings, we overexpressed CNTN-1 in two CNTN-1 null breast cancer cell lines expressing E-cadherin. Upon overexpression, CNTN-1 reduced E-cadherin levels in one cell line and increased AKT activation in the other. Furthermore, in our study of 63 primary lung cancers, we observed 65% of primary lung cancers being contactin-1 positive and in these carcinomas, 61% were E-cadherin negative. Collectively, we provide evidence that contactin-1 plays a role in the downregulation of E-cadherin in lung cancer and that AKT activation contributes to this process. In a study of mechanisms responsible for contactin-1 to activate AKT, we demonstrated that knockdown of CNTN-1 in A549 cells did not enhance PTEN expression but upregulated PHLPP2, a phosphatase that dephosphorylates AKT. These observations thus suggest that contactin-1 enhances AKT activation in part by preventing PHLPP2-mediated AKT dephosphrorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Yan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Wong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Xin-Yi Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang L, Suzuki T. Dual functions for cytosolic α-mannosidase (Man2C1): its down-regulation causes mitochondria-dependent apoptosis independently of its α-mannosidase activity. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11887-96. [PMID: 23486476 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.425702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic α-mannosidase (Man2C1) trims free oligosaccharides in mammalian cells, and its down-regulation reportedly delays cancer growth by inducing mitotic arrest or apoptosis. However, the mechanism by which Man2C1 down-regulation induces apoptosis is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that silencing of Man2C1 via small hairpin RNAs induced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HeLa cells. Expression of CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein), a transcription factor critical to endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis, was significantly up-regulated in Man2C1 knockdown cells. However, this enhanced CHOP expression was not caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Interestingly, Man2C1 catalytic activity was not required for this regulation of apoptosis; introduction of mutant, enzymatically inactive Man2C1 rescued apoptotic phenotypes of Man2C1 knockdown cells. These results show that Man2C1 has dual functions: one in glycan catabolism and another in apoptotic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Glycometabolome Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) plays a pivotal role in controlling intracellular signaling for cell survival and proliferation by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway, and its dysfunction is associated with several neoplastic diseases. PTEN is frequently found mutated in many pathological conditions highlighting its importance in normal physiological function. Unlike several cellular proteins which are activated by phosphorylation, PTEN is inactivated upon phosphorylation by specific kinases which phosphorylate serine and threonine residues in its C-terminal region. Therefore, development of therapeutic agents that specifically target kinases and kinase-domain-containing proteins affecting PTEN would lead to the treatment of PTEN-related diseases. AREAS COVERED With increasing evidence on the role of PTEN in many human diseases, the present review focuses on the clinical relevance of PTEN with a comprehensive list of currently identified modulators of PTEN, and proposes potentially novel molecular targets which could aid in the development of drug candidates for the treatment of PTEN-related diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, cancer, autism, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. EXPERT OPINION This review describes several target sites that could help in the development of novel drug candidates to regulate or restore the normal physiological functions of PTEN and are essential in the treatment of human diseases where PTEN plays a pivotal role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra S Boosani
- Creighton University School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
PTEN in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|