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Filippi MD. The multifaceted role of mitochondria in HSC fate decisions: energy and beyond. Exp Hematol 2023; 128:19-29. [PMID: 37832715 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the properties to self-renew and/or differentiate into all-mature blood cell lineages. The fate decisions to generate progeny that retain stemness properties or that commit to differentiation is a fundamental process to maintain tissue homeostasis and must be tightly regulated to prevent HSC overgrowth or exhaustion. HSC fate decisions are inherently coupled to cell division. The transition from quiescence to activation is accompanied by major metabolic and mitochondrial changes that are important for cell cycle entry and for balanced decisions between self-renewal and differentiation. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of mitochondrial metabolism in HSC transition from quiescence to activation and fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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2
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Treichel S, Filippi MD. Linking cell cycle to hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1231735. [PMID: 37645247 PMCID: PMC10461445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1231735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the properties to self-renew and/or differentiate into any blood cell lineages. In order to balance the maintenance of the stem cell pool with supporting mature blood cell production, the fate decisions to self-renew or to commit to differentiation must be tightly controlled, as dysregulation of this process can lead to bone marrow failure or leukemogenesis. The contribution of the cell cycle to cell fate decisions has been well established in numerous types of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells. Cell cycle length is an integral component of hematopoietic stem cell fate. Hematopoietic stem cells must remain quiescent to prevent premature replicative exhaustion. Yet, hematopoietic stem cells must be activated into cycle in order to produce daughter cells that will either retain stem cell properties or commit to differentiation. How the cell cycle contributes to hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions is emerging from recent studies. Hematopoietic stem cell functions can be stratified based on cell cycle kinetics and divisional history, suggesting a link between Hematopoietic stem cells activity and cell cycle length. Hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions are also regulated by asymmetric cell divisions and recent studies have implicated metabolic and organelle activity in regulating hematopoietic stem cell fate. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions and how they are linked to the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Treichel
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Molecular and Development Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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3
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Sun T, Li D, Huang L, Zhu X. Inflammatory abrasion of hematopoietic stem cells: a candidate clue for the post-CAR-T hematotoxicity? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141779. [PMID: 37223096 PMCID: PMC10200893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown remarkable effects in treating various hematological malignancies. However, hematotoxicity, specifically neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, poses a serious threat to patient prognosis and remains a less focused adverse effect of CAR-T therapy. The mechanism underlying lasting or recurring late-phase hematotoxicity, long after the influence of lymphodepletion therapy and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current clinical studies on CAR-T late hematotoxicity to clarify its definition, incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and interventions. Owing to the effectiveness of transfusing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in rescuing severe CAR-T late hematotoxicity and the unignorable role of inflammation in CAR-T therapy, this review also discusses possible mechanisms of the harmful influence of inflammation on HSCs, including inflammatory abrasion of the number and the function of HSCs. We also discuss chronic and acute inflammation. Cytokines, cellular immunity, and niche factors likely to be disturbed in CAR-T therapy are highlighted factors with possible contributions to post-CAR-T hematotoxicity.
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4
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Nasr W, Filippi MD. Acquired and hereditary bone marrow failure: A mitochondrial perspective. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1048746. [PMID: 36408191 PMCID: PMC9666693 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1048746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The disorders known as bone marrow failure syndromes (BMFS) are life-threatening disorders characterized by absence of one or more hematopoietic lineages in the peripheral blood. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are now considered BMF disorders with associated cellular dysplasia. BMFs and MDS are caused by decreased fitness of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and poor hematopoiesis. BMF and MDS can occur de novo or secondary to hematopoietic stress, including following bone marrow transplantation or myeloablative therapy. De novo BMF and MDS are usually associated with specific genetic mutations. Genes that are commonly mutated in BMF/MDS are in DNA repair pathways, epigenetic regulators, heme synthesis. Despite known and common gene mutations, BMF and MDS are very heterogenous in nature and non-genetic factors contribute to disease phenotype. Inflammation is commonly found in BMF and MDS, and contribute to ineffective hematopoiesis. Another common feature of BMF and MDS, albeit less known, is abnormal mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria are the power house of the cells. Beyond energy producing machinery, mitochondrial communicate with the rest of the cells via triggering stress signaling pathways and by releasing numerous metabolite intermediates. As a result, mitochondria play significant roles in chromatin regulation and innate immune signaling pathways. The main goal of this review is to investigate BMF processes, with a focus mitochondria-mediated signaling in acquired and inherited BMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Nasr
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Marie-Dominique Filippi,
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5
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Che JLC, Bode D, Kucinski I, Cull AH, Bain F, Becker HJ, Jassinskaja M, Barile M, Boyd G, Belmonte M, Zeng AGX, Igarashi KJ, Rubio‐Lara J, Shepherd MS, Clay A, Dick JE, Wilkinson AC, Nakauchi H, Yamazaki S, Göttgens B, Kent DG. Identification and characterization of in vitro expanded hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55502. [PMID: 35971894 PMCID: PMC9535767 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) cultured outside the body are the fundamental component of a wide range of cellular and gene therapies. Recent efforts have achieved > 200-fold expansion of functional HSCs, but their molecular characterization has not been possible since the majority of cells are non-HSCs and single cell-initiated cultures have substantial clone-to-clone variability. Using the Fgd5 reporter mouse in combination with the EPCR surface marker, we report exclusive identification of HSCs from non-HSCs in expansion cultures. By directly linking single-clone functional transplantation data with single-clone gene expression profiling, we show that the molecular profile of expanded HSCs is similar to proliferating fetal HSCs and reveals a gene expression signature, including Esam, Prdm16, Fstl1, and Palld, that can identify functional HSCs from multiple cellular states. This "repopulation signature" (RepopSig) also enriches for HSCs in human datasets. Together, these findings demonstrate the power of integrating functional and molecular datasets to better derive meaningful gene signatures and opens the opportunity for a wide range of functional screening and molecular experiments previously not possible due to limited HSC numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L C Che
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Daniel Bode
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Iwo Kucinski
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alyssa H Cull
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Fiona Bain
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Hans J Becker
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Maria Jassinskaja
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Melania Barile
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Grace Boyd
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Miriam Belmonte
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andy G X Zeng
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Kyomi J Igarashi
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Juan Rubio‐Lara
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Mairi S Shepherd
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Anna Clay
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - John E Dick
- Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Adam C Wilkinson
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Distinguished Professor Unit, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Department of GeneticsStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David G Kent
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of HaematologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of Biology, York Biomedical Research InstituteUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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6
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Ganuza M, Hall T, Myers J, Nevitt C, Sánchez-Lanzas R, Chabot A, Ding J, Kooienga E, Caprio C, Finkelstein D, Kang G, Obeng E, McKinney-Freeman S. Murine foetal liver supports limited detectable expansion of life-long haematopoietic progenitors. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1475-1486. [PMID: 36202972 PMCID: PMC10026622 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Current dogma asserts that the foetal liver (FL) is an expansion niche for recently specified haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) during ontogeny. Indeed, between embryonic day of development (E)12.5 and E14.5, the number of transplantable HSCs in the murine FL expands from 50 to about 1,000. Here we used a non-invasive, multi-colour lineage tracing strategy to interrogate the embryonic expansion of murine haematopoietic progenitors destined to contribute to the adult HSC pool. Our data show that this pool of fated progenitors expands only two-fold during FL ontogeny. Although Histone2B-GFP retention in vivo experiments confirmed substantial proliferation of phenotypic FL-HSC between E12.5 and E14.5, paired-daughter cell assays revealed that many mid-gestation phenotypic FL-HSCs are biased to differentiate, rather than self-renew, relative to phenotypic neonatal and adult bone marrow HSCs. In total, these data support a model in which the FL-HSC pool fated to contribute to adult blood expands only modestly during ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ganuza
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Trent Hall
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Myers
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chris Nevitt
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Lanzas
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ashley Chabot
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emilia Kooienga
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Claire Caprio
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Guolian Kang
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Esther Obeng
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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7
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Hu M, Li M, Li C, Zhang T. Biosynthesis of Lacto-N-fucopentaose I in Escherichia coli by metabolic pathway rational design. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 297:120017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Hu M, Li M, Miao M, Zhang T. Engineering Escherichia coli for the High-Titer Biosynthesis of Lacto- N-tetraose. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:8704-8712. [PMID: 35731707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), a member of the human milk oligosaccharides family, has received widespread attention because of its importance in infant health. We constructed a whole-cell biotransformation method in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for high-titer LNT synthesis. The approach was performed by using a systematic design and metabolic engineering based on the metabolic pathway of LNT. The lgtA (encoding β-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase) and wbgO (encoding β-1,3-galactosyltransferase) genes were introduced into the engineered E. coli BL21(DE3) to construct an LNT-producing starting strain B1 (0.22 g/L). Then, the genes related to the LNT metabolic pathway were screened in two vectors to evaluate LNT synthesis. The lgtA-wbgO and galE-galT-galK genes were overexpressed through the two-plasmid system in E. coli BL21(DE3). The titer of LNT (3.42 g/L) had a gain of 14.55 times compared with that of B1. Furthermore, the ugd gene, which was associated with the UDP-Gal bypass pathway, was inactivated to further improve LNT production in shake-flask cultivation (4.14 g/L). The final fed-batch cultivation of the engineered strain produced 31.56 g/L of LNT. This study provided a strategy for the effective production of LNT in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Mengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Ming Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu214122, China
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9
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are endowed with high regenerative potential to supply mature blood cells throughout life, under steady state or stress conditions. HSCs are thought to rely on glycolysis when in a quiescent state and to switch to oxidative phosphorylation to meet their metabolic needs during activation. Recently, a series of important studies reveals a higher degree of complexity that goes well beyond the dichotomy between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent findings highlighting the multifaceted metabolic requirements of HSC homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence points to the importance of lysosomal catabolic activity and noncanonical retinoic acid pathway in maintaining HSC quiescence and stemness. HSC activation into cycle seems to be accompanied by a switch to glycolysis-mitochondrial coupling and to anabolic pathways, including Myc, aspartate-mediated purine synthesis. SUMMARY Knowledge of metabolism of HSCs has dramatically increased in the past 2 years and reveals unexpected needs of HSCs during both their quiescent and activated state. Understanding how HSCs use metabolism for their functions will offer new opportunity for HSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bartram
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati OH, USA
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10
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Mann Z, Sengar M, Verma YK, Rajalingam R, Raghav PK. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Factors: Their Functional Role in Self-Renewal and Clinical Aspects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:664261. [PMID: 35399522 PMCID: PMC8987924 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.664261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) possess two important properties such as self-renewal and differentiation. These properties of HSCs are maintained through hematopoiesis. This process gives rise to two subpopulations, long-term and short-term HSCs, which have become a popular convention for treating various hematological disorders. The clinical application of HSCs is bone marrow transplant in patients with aplastic anemia, congenital neutropenia, sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or replacement of damaged bone marrow in case of chemotherapy. The self-renewal attribute of HSCs ensures long-term hematopoiesis post-transplantation. However, HSCs need to be infused in large numbers to reach their target site and meet the demands since they lose their self-renewal capacity after a few passages. Therefore, a more in-depth understanding of ex vivo HSCs expansion needs to be developed to delineate ways to enhance the self-renewability of isolated HSCs. The multifaceted self-renewal process is regulated by factors, including transcription factors, miRNAs, and the bone marrow niche. A developed classical hierarchical model that outlines the hematopoiesis in a lineage-specific manner through in vivo fate mapping, barcoding, and determination of self-renewal regulatory factors are still to be explored in more detail. Thus, an in-depth study of the self-renewal property of HSCs is essentially required to be utilized for ex vivo expansion. This review primarily focuses on the Hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal pathway and evaluates the regulatory molecular factors involved in considering a targeted clinical approach in numerous malignancies and outlining gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Mann
- Independent Researcher, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Sengar
- Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Kumar Verma
- Stem Cell and Gene Therapy Research Group, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Delhi, India
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pawan Kumar Raghav
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Pawan Kumar Raghav, ,
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11
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Yang M, Pan Z, Huang K, Büsche G, Liu H, Göhring G, Rumpel R, Dittrich-Breiholz O, Talbot S, Scherr M, Chaturvedi A, Eder M, Skokowa J, Zhou J, Welte K, von Neuhoff N, Liu L, Ganser A, Li Z. A unique role of p53 haploinsufficiency or loss in the development of acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation. Leukemia 2022; 36:675-686. [PMID: 34732858 PMCID: PMC8885416 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With an incidence of ~50%, the absence or reduced protein level of p53 is much more common than TP53 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML with FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication) mutations has an unfavorable prognosis and is highly associated with wt-p53 dysfunction. While TP53 mutation in the presence of FLT3-ITD does not induce AML in mice, it is not clear whether p53 haploinsufficiency or loss cooperates with FLT3-ITD in the induction of AML. Here, we generated FLT3-ITD knock-in; p53 knockout (heterozygous and homozygous) double-transgenic mice and found that both alterations strongly cooperated in the induction of cytogenetically normal AML without increasing the self-renewal potential. At the molecular level, we found the strong upregulation of Htra3 and the downregulation of Lin28a, leading to enhanced proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis and differentiation. The co-occurrence of Htra3 overexpression and Lin28a knockdown, in the presence of FLT3-ITD, induced AML with similar morphology as leukemic cells from double-transgenic mice. These leukemic cells were highly sensitive to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Carfilzomib strongly enhanced the activity of targeting AXL (upstream of FLT3) against murine and human leukemic cells. Our results unravel a unique role of p53 haploinsufficiency or loss in the development of FLT3-ITD + AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zengkai Pan
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Present Address: National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhi Huang
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XPresent Address: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, and Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guntram Büsche
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hongyun Liu
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gudrun Göhring
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Regina Rumpel
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Dittrich-Breiholz
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven Talbot
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michaela Scherr
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Skokowa
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Karl Welte
- grid.488549.cUniversity Children’s Hospital, Department of General Pediatrics and Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nils von Neuhoff
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445AML Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ligen Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Hematology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Arnold Ganser
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhixiong Li
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Zhu X, Sun Q, Tan WS, Cai H. Removal of CD34− cells to increase self-renewal symmetric division and expansion ex vivo of cord blood CD34+ cells through reducing the TGF-β1. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Dou L, Gong X, Wu Q, Mou F. Therapeutic effects of Sheng Xue Fang in a cyclophosphamide-induced anaemia mouse model. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:789-798. [PMID: 34176428 PMCID: PMC8238071 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1941133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sheng Xue Fang (SXF) has been used to treat anaemia for decades with good efficacy. OBJECTIVE To study the effect and possible mechanism of SXF to restore haematopoietic function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Balb/c mice (10 per/group, half male, half female) were treated with SXF (three dose groups, 8.5, 17, and 22.1 g/kg) by gavage for 14 days, and cyclophosphamide (80 mg/kg) was injected on days 10-12. Only injection of cyclophosphamide (negative control) or physiological saline (blank control) were included as controls. The spleen and femur were processed for histopathology. Active components and the target of SXF were screened. The target was used for gene enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. RESULTS Red blood cell relative changes in the SXF group (low: -5.50 ± 1.58%; medium: -11.11 ± 4.15%; high: -8.81 ± 2.67%) and relative negative control (26.21 ± 2.51%) significantly increased (all p < 0.01) in female mice. Haemoglobin and red blood cell-specific volume showed the same trend. However, SXF did not have significant effects on male mice. Splenic index in the medium group (4.44 ± 0.46%) relative negative control (3.38 ± 0.10%) significantly improved (p < 0.01) in female mice. Using network pharmacology, 77 active components and 337 targets were screened from SXF. These targets are closely related to the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. CONCLUSIONS SXF has good clinical application potential. However, the mechanism requires in-depth research. Our findings are of great significance in anaemia treatment and provide a new perspective for Chinese medicine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dou
- Central Laboratory, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Gong
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzheng Mou
- Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Chen J, Fang G, Pang L, Sheng Y, Zhang Q, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Lu Y, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Shi M, Chen X, Zhan S, Huang J. Neofunctionalization of an ancient domain allows parasites to avoid intraspecific competition by manipulating host behaviour. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5489. [PMID: 34531391 PMCID: PMC8446075 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25727-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific competition is a major force in mediating population dynamics, fuelling adaptation, and potentially leading to evolutionary diversification. Among the evolutionary arms races between parasites, one of the most fundamental and intriguing behavioural adaptations and counter-adaptations are superparasitism and superparasitism avoidance. However, the underlying mechanisms and ecological contexts of these phenomena remain underexplored. Here, we apply the Drosophila parasite Leptopilina boulardi as a study system and find that this solitary endoparasitic wasp provokes a host escape response for superparasitism avoidance. We combine multi-omics and in vivo functional studies to characterize a small set of RhoGAP domain-containing genes that mediate the parasite's manipulation of host escape behaviour by inducing reactive oxygen species in the host central nervous system. We further uncover an evolutionary scenario in which neofunctionalization and specialization gave rise to the novel role of RhoGAP domain in avoiding superparasitism, with an ancestral origin prior to the divergence between Leptopilina specialist and generalist species. Our study suggests that superparasitism avoidance is adaptive for a parasite and adds to our understanding of how the molecular manipulation of host behaviour has evolved in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiani Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gangqi Fang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Pang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sicong Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Lu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiyun Li
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shi
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XState Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Zhan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XInstitute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China ,grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XKey Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Yap1-Scribble polarization is required for hematopoietic stem cell division and fate. Blood 2021; 136:1824-1836. [PMID: 32483624 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Yap1 and its paralogue Taz largely control epithelial tissue growth. We have identified that hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fitness response to stress depends on Yap1 and Taz. Deletion of Yap1 and Taz induces a loss of HSC quiescence, symmetric self-renewal ability, and renders HSC more vulnerable to serial myeloablative 5-fluorouracil treatment. This effect depends on the predominant cytosolic polarization of Yap1 through a PDZ domain-mediated interaction with the scaffold Scribble. Scribble and Yap1 coordinate to control cytoplasmic Cdc42 activity and HSC fate determination in vivo. Deletion of Scribble disrupts Yap1 copolarization with Cdc42 and decreases Cdc42 activity, resulting in increased self-renewing HSC with competitive reconstitution advantages. These data suggest that Scribble/Yap1 copolarization is indispensable for Cdc42-dependent activity on HSC asymmetric division and fate. The combined loss of Scribble, Yap1, and Taz results in transcriptional upregulation of Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Rac activation, and HSC fitness restoration. Scribble links Cdc42 and the cytosolic functions of the Hippo signaling cascade in HSC fate determination.
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16
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Camps J, Breuls N, Sifrim A, Giarratana N, Corvelyn M, Danti L, Grosemans H, Vanuytven S, Thiry I, Belicchi M, Meregalli M, Platko K, MacDonald ME, Austin RC, Gijsbers R, Cossu G, Torrente Y, Voet T, Sampaolesi M. Interstitial Cell Remodeling Promotes Aberrant Adipogenesis in Dystrophic Muscles. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107597. [PMID: 32375047 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis and fat replacement in skeletal muscle are major complications that lead to a loss of mobility in chronic muscle disorders, such as muscular dystrophy. However, the in vivo properties of adipogenic stem and precursor cells remain unclear, mainly due to the high cell heterogeneity in skeletal muscles. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to decomplexify interstitial cell populations in healthy and dystrophic skeletal muscles. We identify an interstitial CD142-positive cell population in mice and humans that is responsible for the inhibition of adipogenesis through GDF10 secretion. Furthermore, we show that the interstitial cell composition is completely altered in muscular dystrophy, with a near absence of CD142-positive cells. The identification of these adipo-regulatory cells in the skeletal muscle aids our understanding of the aberrant fat deposition in muscular dystrophy, paving the way for treatments that could counteract degeneration in patients with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Camps
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natacha Breuls
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandro Sifrim
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nefele Giarratana
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marlies Corvelyn
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura Danti
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Grosemans
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Vanuytven
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Irina Thiry
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, and Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marzia Belicchi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Meregalli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Khrystyna Platko
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Melissa E MacDonald
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Richard C Austin
- Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of St. Joe's Hamilton, Hamilton Centre for Kidney Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Rik Gijsbers
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, and Leuven Viral Vector Core, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giulio Cossu
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Centro Dino Ferrari, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Voet
- Laboratory of Reproductive Genomics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Wellcome Genome Campus, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Research Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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17
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Höpner SS, Raykova A, Radpour R, Amrein MA, Koller D, Baerlocher GM, Riether C, Ochsenbein AF. LIGHT/LTβR signaling regulates self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic and leukemia stem cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1065. [PMID: 33594067 PMCID: PMC7887212 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The production of blood cells during steady-state and increased demand depends on the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and differentiation. Similarly, the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) is crucial in the pathogenesis of leukemia. Here, we document that the TNF receptor superfamily member lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) and its ligand LIGHT regulate quiescence and self-renewal of murine and human HSCs and LSCs. Cell-autonomous LIGHT/LTβR signaling on HSCs reduces cell cycling, promotes symmetric cell division and prevents primitive HSCs from exhaustion in serial re-transplantation experiments and genotoxic stress. LTβR deficiency reduces the numbers of LSCs and prolongs survival in a murine chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) model. Similarly, LIGHT/LTβR signaling in human G-CSF mobilized HSCs and human LSCs results in increased colony forming capacity in vitro. Thus, our results define LIGHT/LTβR signaling as an important pathway in the regulation of the self-renewal of HSCs and LSCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Self Renewal/drug effects
- Cell Self Renewal/genetics
- DNA Damage
- Fluorouracil/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Höpner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ana Raykova
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Radpour
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M A Amrein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - D Koller
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G M Baerlocher
- Department of Hematology and Central Hematology Laboratory, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Riether
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A F Ochsenbein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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18
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Zhu X, Sun Q, Tan WS, Cai H. Reducing TGF-β1 cooperated with StemRegenin 1 promoted the expansion ex vivo of cord blood CD34 + cells by inhibiting AhR signalling. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e12999. [PMID: 33522060 PMCID: PMC7941221 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As an inhibitor of the AhR signalling pathway, StemRegenin 1 (SR1) not only promotes the expansion of CD34+ cells but also increases CD34- cell numbers. These CD34- cells influenced the ex vivo expansion of CD34+ cells. In this work, the effects of periodically removing CD34- cells combined with SR1 addition on the ex vivo expansion and biological functions of HSCs were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS CD34- cells were removed periodically with SR1 addition to investigate cell subpopulations, cell expansion, biological functions, expanded cell division mode and supernatant TGF-β1 contents. RESULTS After 10-day culture, the expansion of CD34+ cells in the CD34- cell removal plus SR1 group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the SR1 group. Moreover, periodically removing CD34- cells with SR1 addition improved the biological function of expanded CD34+ cells and significantly increased the percentage of self-renewal symmetric division of CD34+ cells. In addition, the concentration of total TGF-β1 and activated TGF-β1 in the supernatant was significantly lower than those in the control group and the SR1 group. RT-qPCR results showed that the periodic removal of CD34- cells with cooperation from SR1 further reduced the expression of AhR-related genes. CONCLUSIONS Periodic removal of CD34- cells plus cooperation with SR1 improved the expansion of CD34+ cells, maintained better biological function of expanded CD34+ cells and reduced the TGF-β1 contents by downregulating AhR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Song Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Filippi MD. Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) divisional memory: The journey of mitochondrial metabolism through HSC division. Exp Hematol 2021; 96:27-34. [PMID: 33515636 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by their ability to produce all cells of the blood and immune system and have been used for transplantation for decades. Although the regenerative potential of HSCs is high, their self-renewal potential is limited. HSC functions are inversely correlated with their divisional history. Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of HSCs through cell division suggest that HSCs may never replicate into identical self, but rather replicate into progeny that gradually lose functionality at each round of division. HSC division is accompanied by major transcriptional and metabolic changes. In this perspective, the possibility that mitochondrial metabolism confers HSC division memory and programs HSCs for extinction is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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20
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Jiang Y, Xu Z, Ma N, Yin L, Hao C, Li J. Effects of signaling pathway inhibitors on hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 23:9. [PMID: 33179097 PMCID: PMC7687261 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are numerous small molecule inhibitory drugs available for a wide range of signalling pathways, at present, they are generally not used in combination in clinical settings. Previous reports have reported that the effects of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, p38MAPK, mTOR and histone deacetylase signaling combined together to suppress the stem-like nature of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), driving these cells to differentiate, cease proliferating and thereby impairing normal hematopoietic functionality. The present study aimed to determine the effect of HDACs, mTOR, GSK-3β and p38MAPK inhibitor combinations on the efficient expansion of HSCs using flow cytometry. Moreover, it specifically aimed to determine how inhibitors of the GSK3β signaling pathway, in combination with inhibitors of P38MAPK and mTOR signaling or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, could affect HSC expansion, with the goal of identifying novel combination strategies useful for the expansion of HSCs. The results indicated that p38MAPK and/or GSK3β inhibitors increased Lin− cell and Lin−Sca-1+c-kit+ (LSK) cell numbers in vitro. Taken together, these results suggested that a combination of p38MAPK and GSK3β signaling may regulate HSC differentiation in vitro. These findings further indicated that the suppression of p38MAPK and/or GSK3β signalling may modulate HSC differentiation and self-renewal to enhance HSC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Jiang
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Zhaofeng Xu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Na Ma
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Lizhi Yin
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Caiqin Hao
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
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21
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Xue VW, Chung JYF, Córdoba CAG, Cheung AHK, Kang W, Lam EWF, Leung KT, To KF, Lan HY, Tang PMK. Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 33114183 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099.pmid:33114183;pmcid:pmc7690808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Weiwen Xue
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jeff Yat-Fai Chung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Cristina Alexandra García Córdoba
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alvin Ho-Kwan Cheung
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kam-Tong Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Transforming Growth Factor-β: A Multifunctional Regulator of Cancer Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113099. [PMID: 33114183 PMCID: PMC7690808 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that can restrict cancer onset but also promote cancer progression at late stages of cancer. The ability of TGF-β in producing diverse and sometimes opposing effects relies on its potential to control different cellular signalling and gene expression in distinct cell types, and environmental settings. The tumour promoting role of TGF-β is primarily mediated through its effects on the local tumour microenvironment (TME) of the cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the most recent research on the role and regulation of TGF-β, with a specific focus on its functions on promoting cancer progression through targeting different immune cells in the TME as well as its therapeutic perspectives. Abstract Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) was originally identified as an anti-tumour cytokine. However, there is increasing evidence that it has important roles in the tumour microenvironment (TME) in facilitating cancer progression. TGF-β actively shapes the TME via modulating the host immunity. These actions are highly cell-type specific and complicated, involving both canonical and non-canonical pathways. In this review, we systemically update how TGF-β signalling acts as a checkpoint regulator for cancer immunomodulation. A better appreciation of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms at the molecular level can lead to the discovery of novel and more effective therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Rho GTPase Regulators and Effectors in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Animal Models and Insights for Therapeutics. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040835. [PMID: 32244264 PMCID: PMC7226772 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rho family GTPases are small G proteins that act as molecular switches shuttling between active and inactive forms. Rho GTPases are regulated by two classes of regulatory proteins, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Rho GTPases transduce the upstream signals to downstream effectors, thus regulating diverse cellular processes, such as growth, migration, adhesion, and differentiation. In particular, Rho GTPases play essential roles in regulating neuronal morphology and function. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of Rho GTPase signaling contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It has been found that 20 genes encoding Rho GTPase regulators and effectors are listed as ASD risk genes by Simons foundation autism research initiative (SFARI). This review summarizes the clinical evidence, protein structure, and protein expression pattern of these 20 genes. Moreover, ASD-related behavioral phenotypes in animal models of these genes are reviewed, and the therapeutic approaches that show successful treatment effects in these animal models are discussed.
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Hinge A, He J, Bartram J, Javier J, Xu J, Fjellman E, Sesaki H, Li T, Yu J, Wunderlich M, Mulloy J, Kofron M, Salomonis N, Grimes HL, Filippi MD. Asymmetrically Segregated Mitochondria Provide Cellular Memory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Replicative History and Drive HSC Attrition. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:420-430.e6. [PMID: 32059807 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic requirements of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) change with their cell cycle activity. However, the underlying role of mitochondria remains ill-defined. Here we found that, after mitochondrial activation with replication, HSCs irreversibly remodel the mitochondrial network and that this network is not repaired after HSC re-entry into quiescence, contrary to hematopoietic progenitors. HSCs keep and accumulate dysfunctional mitochondria through asymmetric segregation during active division. Mechanistically, mitochondria aggregate and depolarize after stress because of loss of activity of the mitochondrial fission regulator Drp1 onto mitochondria. Genetic and pharmacological studies indicate that inactivation of Drp1 causes loss of HSC regenerative potential while maintaining HSC quiescence. Molecularly, HSCs carrying dysfunctional mitochondria can re-enter quiescence but fail to synchronize the transcriptional control of core cell cycle and metabolic components in subsequent division. Thus, loss of fidelity of mitochondrial morphology and segregation is one type of HSC divisional memory and drives HSC attrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hinge
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jingyi He
- Pediatric Research Institute, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - James Bartram
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jose Javier
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juying Xu
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ellen Fjellman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, John Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tingyu Li
- Child Nutrition Research Center in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R China
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Matthew Kofron
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Marie-Dominique Filippi
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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25
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Ganuza M, Hall T, Obeng EA, McKinney-Freeman S. Clones assemble! The clonal complexity of blood during ontogeny and disease. Exp Hematol 2020; 83:35-47. [PMID: 32006606 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) govern the daily expansion and turnover of billions of specialized blood cells. Given their clinical utility, much effort has been made toward understanding the dynamics of hematopoietic production from this pool of stem cells. An understanding of hematopoietic stem cell clonal dynamics during blood ontogeny could yield important insights into hematopoietic regulation, especially during aging and repeated exposure to hematopoietic stress-insults that may predispose individuals to the development of hematopoietic disease. Here, we review the current state of research regarding the clonal complexity of the hematopoietic system during embryogenesis, adulthood, and hematologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ganuza
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Trent Hall
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Esther A Obeng
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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26
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Zheng K, Yu J, Chen Z, Zhou R, Lin C, Zhang Y, Huang Z, Yu L, Zhao L, Wang Q. Ethanol promotes alcohol-related colorectal cancer metastasis via the TGF-β/RUNX3/Snail axis by inducing TGF-β1 upregulation and RUNX3 cytoplasmic mislocalization. EBioMedicine 2019; 50:224-237. [PMID: 31757777 PMCID: PMC6921366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol intake is a well-known lifestyle risk factor for CRC, and an increasing number of studies have revealed that alcohol intake is also tightly associated with CRC metastasis. However, the effect of alcohol on CRC metastasis and its underlying mechanism remain unclear. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate the characteristics of patients with alcohol-related CRC. The effects of ethanol on the biological behaviours of CRC cells were assessed through in vivo and in vitro assays using the Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet and ethanol, respectively. The ethanol-mediated signalling pathway and downstream factors were screened through ELISA, western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation. FINDINGS Most patients with alcohol-related CRC, particularly those with tumour metastasis, were characterized by a notably higher circulating ethanol level and a lower systemic acetaldehyde level. Moreover, CRC cells accumulated in ethanol, but not acetaldehyde, to notably higher levels compared with adjacent normal cells. Alcohol intake significantly promoted CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-β/Smad/Snail axis, and ethanol induced the cytoplasmic mislocalization of RUNX3 and further promoted the aggressiveness of CRC by targeting Snail. Pirfenidone (PFD) significantly eliminated the effects of ethanol on CRC metastasis by specifically blocking TGF-β signalling. INTERPRETATION Alcohol intake plays a vital role in CRC metastasis via the ethanol-mediated TGF-β/RUNX3/Snail axis, and PFD might be a novel therapeutic management strategy for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Zheng
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China; Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Lin
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghai Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, China.
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Nrf2: Functional and Transcriptional Regulators of Hematopoiesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5153268. [PMID: 31827678 PMCID: PMC6885799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5153268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are characterized by self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials. Although they play a central role in hematopoietic homeostasis and bone marrow (BM) transplantation, they are affected by multiple environmental factors in the BM. Here, we review the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Nrf2 on HSC function and BM transplantation. HSCs reside in the hypoxic microenvironment of BM, and ROS play an important role in HSPC regulation. Recently, an extraphysiologic oxygen shock/stress phenomenon was identified in human cord blood HSCs collected under ambient air conditions. Moreover, Nrf2 has been recently recognized as a master transcriptional factor that regulates multiple antioxidant enzymes. Since several years, the role of Nrf2 in hematopoiesis has been extensively studied, which has functional similarities of cellular oxygen sensor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 as transcriptional factors. Increasing evidence has revealed that abnormally elevated ROS production due to factors such as genetic defects, aging, and ionizing radiation unexceptionally resulted in lethal impairment of HSC function and hematopoiesis. Both experimental and clinical studies have identified elevated ROS levels as a major culprit of ineffective BM transplantation. Lastly, we discuss the possibility of using small molecule antioxidants, such as N-acetyl cysteine, resveratrol, and curcumin, to augment HSC function and improve the therapeutic efficacy of BM transplantation. Further research on the function of ROS levels and improving the efficacy of BM transplantation may have a great potential for broad clinical applications of HSCs.
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28
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Yang WZ, Yu WY, Chen T, Wang XF, Dong F, Xie ME, Gong YM, Liang HY, Fu WC. A Single-Cell Immunofluorescence Method for the Division Patterns Research of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:954-960. [PMID: 31062650 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Zhu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min-er Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Min Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao-Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei-Chao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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29
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Single-Cell Assays Using Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31273740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9631-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo division, making two daughter cells with unique fate decision choices, that is, whether to self-renew to maintain stemness or differentiate to committed progenitors. Since HSCs are heterogeneous in nature understanding this phenomenon at the single cell level is important. In vitro single-cell assays like the paired-daughter cell and myeloid multilineage differentiation are useful to understand this unique stem cell process. Both assays are performed using cytokine combination which allows four-lineage myeloid differentiation-neutrophil, erythroid, macrophage/monocyte, and megakaryocyte. Paired-daughter cell assay examines symmetric or asymmetric retention of four myeloid lineages after first cell division in the paired-daughter cells. Thus, it defines asymmetric versus symmetric division patterns in the paired daughter cells. Thus, this assay may provide HSC fate decision cues. Myeloid multilineage differentiation assay examines the ability of a single cell to form multipotent clones containing four or less myeloid lineages. Here, we discuss in detail methodology of these assays.
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30
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The global clonal complexity of the murine blood system declines throughout life and after serial transplantation. Blood 2019; 133:1927-1942. [PMID: 30782612 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-873059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although many recent studies describe the emergence and prevalence of "clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential" in aged human populations, a systematic analysis of the numbers of clones supporting steady-state hematopoiesis throughout mammalian life is lacking. Previous efforts relied on transplantation of "barcoded" hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to track the contribution of HSC clones to reconstituted blood. However, ex vivo manipulation and transplantation alter HSC function and thus may not reflect the biology of steady-state hematopoiesis. Using a noninvasive in vivo color-labeling system, we report the first comprehensive analysis of the changing global clonal complexity of steady-state hematopoiesis during the natural murine lifespan. We observed that the number of clones (ie, clonal complexity) supporting the major blood and bone marrow hematopoietic compartments decline with age by ∼30% and ∼60%, respectively. Aging dramatically reduced HSC in vivo-repopulating activity and lymphoid potential while increasing functional heterogeneity. Continuous challenge of the hematopoietic system by serial transplantation provoked the clonal collapse of both young and aged hematopoietic systems. Whole-exome sequencing of serially transplanted aged and young hematopoietic clones confirmed oligoclonal hematopoiesis and revealed mutations in at least 27 genes, including nonsense, missense, and deletion mutations in Bcl11b, Hist1h2ac, Npy2r, Notch3, Ptprr, and Top2b.
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31
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SKI controls MDS-associated chronic TGF-β signaling, aberrant splicing, and stem cell fitness. Blood 2018; 132:e24-e34. [PMID: 30249787 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-06-860890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway controls hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) behavior in the marrow niche; however, TGF-β signaling becomes chronic in early-stage myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Although TGF-β signaling normally induces negative feedback, in early-stage MDS, high levels of microRNA-21 (miR-21) contribute to chronic TGF-β signaling. We found that a TGF-β signal-correlated gene signature is sufficient to identify an MDS patient population with abnormal RNA splicing (eg, CSF3R) independent of splicing factor mutations and coincident with low HNRNPK activity. Levels of SKI messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding a TGF-β antagonist are sufficient to identify these patients. However, MDS patients with high SKI mRNA and chronic TGF-β signaling lack SKI protein because of miR-21 activity. To determine the impact of SKI loss, we examined murine Ski -/- HSC function. First, competitive HSC transplants revealed a profound defect in stem cell fitness (competitive disadvantage) but not specification, homing, or multilineage production. Aged recipients of Ski -/- HSCs exhibited mild phenotypes similar to phenotypes in those with macrocytic anemia. Second, blastocyst complementation revealed a dramatic block in Ski -/- hematopoiesis in the absence of transplantation. Similar to SKI-high MDS patient samples, Ski -/- HSCs strikingly upregulated TGF-β signaling and deregulated expression of spliceosome genes (including Hnrnpk). Moreover, novel single-cell splicing analyses demonstrated that Ski -/- HSCs and high levels of SKI expression in MDS patient samples share abnormal alternative splicing of common genes (including those that encode splicing factors). We conclude that miR-21-mediated loss of SKI activates TGF-β signaling and alternative splicing to impair the competitive advantage of normal HSCs (fitness), which could contribute to selection of early-stage MDS-genic clones.
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32
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Khoramian Tusi B, Socolovsky M. High-throughput single-cell fate potential assay of murine hematopoietic progenitors in vitro. Exp Hematol 2018; 60:21-29.e3. [PMID: 29410050 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of single-cell transcriptomics has led to the proposal of a number of novel high-resolution models for the hematopoietic system. Testing the predictions generated by such models requires cell fate potential assays of matching, single-cell resolution. Here we detail the development of an in vitro high-throughput single-cell culture assay using flow cytometrically sorted single murine bone marrow progenitors, which measures their differentiation into any of five myeloid lineages. We identify critical parameters for single-cell culture outcome, including the choice of sorter nozzle size and pressure, culture media, and the coating of culture dishes with extracellular matrix proteins. Further, we find that accurate assay readout requires the titration of antibodies specifically for their use under low-cell-number conditions. Our approach may be used as a template for the development of single-cell fate potential assays for a variety of blood cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsabeh Khoramian Tusi
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Merav Socolovsky
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
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Park GB, Kim MJ, Vasileva EA, Mishchenko NP, Fedoreyev SA, Stonik VA, Han J, Lee HS, Kim D, Jeong JY. Comparison of two-stage epidermal carcinogenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in newborn and adult SENCAR and BALB/c mice. Cancer Res 1981; 17:md17090526. [PMID: 31505769 PMCID: PMC6780187 DOI: 10.3390/md17090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In order to define factors which determine susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis, mice sensitive (SENCAR) and resistant (BALB/c) to epidermal carcinogenesis were studied under several treatment conditions for sensitivity to initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In newborns of both strains, topical application of initiator was much less effective than in adults. However, initiation by i.p. injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene is at least as effective in newborns as in adults, which may indicate that topically applied carcinogen is not delivered effectively to target cells in newborns. Thus, newborn epidermis can respond to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene as well as adult epidermis when the initiator is appropriately administered. SENCAR mice are much more sensitive than are BALB/c mice to both initiators, which suggests that enhanced metabolic activation of hydrocarbon carcinogens by SENCAR mice is unlikely to account for their sensitivity. Newborn male SENCAR's developed approximately 50% more papillomas than did females in all groups. BALB/c newborn mice developed so few tumors that a meaningful comparison of sensitivity of males and females could not be made. Thus, the increased sensitivity of SENCAR's was apparent regardless of route of administration of initiator or the age or sex of the mice. SENCAR mice also developed a significant number of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion in the absence of an exogenous initiator. Therefore, the skin of SENCAR mice may contain an initiated population of cells capable of responding to tumor promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga-Bin Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Elena A Vasileva
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Natalia P Mishchenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Fedoreyev
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Valentin A Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Jin Han
- National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Ho Sup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea.
| | - Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Korea.
| | - Jee-Yeong Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea.
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