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Zheng L, Xu J, Wang W, Gao X, Zhao C, Guo W, Sun L, Cheng H, Meng F, Chen B, Sun W, Jia X, Zhou X, Wu K, Liu Z, Ding F, Liu N, Wang HW, Peng H. Self-assembled superstructure alleviates air-water interface effect in cryo-EM. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7300. [PMID: 39181869 PMCID: PMC11344764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51696-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been widely used to reveal the structures of proteins at atomic resolution. One key challenge is that almost all proteins are predominantly adsorbed to the air-water interface during standard cryo-EM specimen preparation. The interaction of proteins with air-water interface will significantly impede the success of reconstruction and achievable resolution. Here, we highlight the critical role of impenetrable surfactant monolayers in passivating the air-water interface problems, and develop a robust effective method for high-resolution cryo-EM analysis, by using the superstructure GSAMs which comprises surfactant self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and graphene membrane. The GSAMs works well in enriching the orientations and improving particle utilization ratio of multiple proteins, facilitating the 3.3-Å resolution reconstruction of a 100-kDa protein complex (ACE2-RBD), which shows strong preferential orientation using traditional specimen preparation protocol. Additionally, we demonstrate that GSAMs enables the successful determinations of small proteins (<100 kDa) at near-atomic resolution. This study expands the understanding of SAMs and provides a key to better control the interaction of protein with air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weihua Wang
- China Academy of Aerospace Science and Innovation, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518103, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Weijun Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Shuimu BioSciences Ltd, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Fanhao Meng
- Shuimu BioSciences Ltd, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Buhang Chen
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Weiyu Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xia Jia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiong Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518103, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Hailin Peng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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Ma H, Chen X, Han Y, Zhang J, Wen K, Cheng S, Zhao Q, Wang Y, Wu J, Shao J. Ice-Enabled Transfer of Graphene on Copper Substrates Enhanced by Electric Field and Cu 2O. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402319. [PMID: 38924683 PMCID: PMC11348137 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Graphene films grown by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method suffer from contamination and damage during transfer. Herein, an innovative ice-enabled transfer method under an applied electric field and in the presence of Cu2O (or Cu2O-Electric-field Ice Transfer, abbreviated as CEIT) is developed. Ice serves as a pollution-free transfer medium while water molecules under the electric field fully wet the graphene surface for a bolstered adhesion force between the ice and graphene. Cu2O is used to reduce the adhesion force between graphene and copper. The combined methodology in CEIT ensures complete separation and clean transfer of graphene, resulting in successfully transferred graphene to various substrates, including polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Teflon, and C4F8 without pollution. The graphene obtained via CEIT is utilized to fabricate field-effect transistors with electrical performances comparable to that of intrinsic graphene characterized by small Dirac points and high carrier mobility. The carrier mobility of the transferred graphene reaches 9090 cm2 V-1 s-1, demonstrating a superior carrier mobility over that from other dry transfer methods. In a nutshell, the proposed clean and efficient transfer method holds great potential for future applications of graphene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hechuan Ma
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
- XJTU‐POLIMI Joint School of Design and InnovationXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Yufei Han
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Electronic Materials Research LabKey Laboratory of the Ministry of EducationXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShaanxi710049China
| | - Kaiqiang Wen
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
| | - Siyi Cheng
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
| | - Jianyang Wu
- Department of PhysicsJiujiang Research Institute and Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials ResearchXiamen UniversityXiamen361005China
| | - Jinyou Shao
- Micro‐ and Nanotechnology Research CenterState Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anShannxi710049China
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Guo L, Wu N, Zhang S, Zeng H, Yang J, Han X, Duan H, Liu Y, Wang L. Emerging Advances around Nanofluidic Transport and Mass Separation under Confinement in Atomically Thin Nanoporous Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2404087. [PMID: 39031097 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Membrane separation stands as an environmentally friendly, high permeance and selectivity, low energy demand process that deserves scientific investigation and industrialization. To address intensive demand, seeking appropriate membrane materials to surpass trade-off between permeability and selectivity and improve stability is on the schedule. 2D materials offer transformational opportunities and a revolutionary platform for researching membrane separation process. Especially, the atomically thin graphene with controllable porosity and structure, as well as unique properties, is widely considered as a candidate for membrane materials aiming to provide extreme stability, exponentially large selectivity combined with high permeability. Currently, it has shown promising opportunities to develop separation membranes to tackle bottlenecks of traditional membranes, and it has been of great interest for tremendously versatile applications such as separation, energy harvesting, and sensing. In this review, starting from transport mechanisms of separation, the material selection bank is narrowed down to nanoporous graphene. The study presents an enlightening overview of very recent developments in the preparation of atomically thin nanoporous graphene and correlates surface properties of such 2D nanoporous materials to their performance in critical separation applications. Finally, challenges related to modulation and manufacturing as well as potential avenues for performance improvements are also pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ningran Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Shengping Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Haiou Zeng
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Hongwei Duan
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuancheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luda Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies and Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, China
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4
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Moon JY, Kim SI, Ghods S, Park S, Kim S, Chang S, Jang HC, Choi JH, Kim JS, Bae SH, Whang D, Kim TH, Lee JH. Nondestructive Single-Atom-Thick Crystallographic Scanner via Sticky-Note-Like van der Waals Assembling-Disassembling. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400091. [PMID: 38573312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Crystallographic characteristics, including grain boundaries and crystallographic orientation of each grain, are crucial in defining the properties of two-dimensional materials (2DMs). To date, local microstructure analysis of 2DMs, which requires destructive and complex processes, is primarily used to identify unknown 2DM specimens, hindering the subsequent use of characterized samples. Here, a nondestructive large-area 2D crystallographic analytical method through sticky-note-like van der Waals (vdW) assembling-disassembling is presented. By the vdW assembling of veiled polycrystalline graphene (PCG) with a single-atom-thick single-crystalline graphene filter (SCG-filter), detailed crystallographic information of each grain in PCGs is visualized through a 2D Raman signal scan, which relies on the interlayer twist angle. The scanned PCGs are seamlessly separated from the SCG-filter using vdW disassembling, preserving their original condition. The remaining SCG-filter is then reused for additional crystallographic scans of other PCGs. It is believed that the methods can pave the way for advances in the crystallographic analysis of single-atom-thick materials, offering huge implications for the applications of 2DMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Moon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Seung-Il Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Soheil Ghods
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Seungil Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Seunghan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - SooHyun Chang
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Ho-Chan Jang
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Jun-Hui Choi
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
| | - Justin S Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Dongmok Whang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, South Korea
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5
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Shang M, Bu S, Hu Z, Zhao Y, Liao J, Zheng C, Liu W, Lu Q, Li F, Wu H, Shi Z, Zhu Y, Xu Z, Guo B, Yu B, Li C, Zhang X, Xie Q, Yin J, Jia K, Peng H, Lin L, Liu Z. Polyacrylonitrile as an Efficient Transfer Medium for Wafer-Scale Transfer of Graphene. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402000. [PMID: 38738693 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The disparity between growth substrates and application-specific substrates can be mediated by reliable graphene transfer, the lack of which currently strongly hinders the graphene applications. Conventionally, the removal of soft polymers, that support the graphene during the transfer, would contaminate graphene surface, produce cracks, and leave unprotected graphene surface sensitive to airborne contaminations. In this work, it is found that polyacrylonitrile (PAN) can function as polymer medium for transferring wafer-size graphene, and encapsulating layer to deliver high-performance graphene devices. Therefore, PAN, that is compatible with device fabrication, does not need to be removed for subsequent applications. The crack-free transfer of 4 in. graphene onto SiO2/Si wafers, and the wafer-scale fabrication of graphene-based field-effect transistor arrays with no observed clear doping, uniformly high carrier mobility (≈11 000 cm2 V-1 s-1), and long-term stability at room temperature, are achieved. This work presents new concept for designing the transfer process of 2D materials, in which multifunctional polymer can be retained, and offers a reliable method for fabricating wafer-scale devices of 2D materials with outstanding performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingpeng Shang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Saiyu Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoning Hu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Liao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Zheng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Beiming Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunhu Li
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
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6
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Liu H, Zhao J, Ly TH. Clean Transfer of Two-Dimensional Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11573-11597. [PMID: 38655635 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The growth of two-dimensional (2D) materials through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has sparked a growing interest among both the industrial and academic communities. The interest stems from several key advantages associated with CVD, including high yield, high quality, and high tunability. In order to harness the application potentials of 2D materials, it is often necessary to transfer them from their growth substrates to their desired target substrates. However, conventional transfer methods introduce contamination that can adversely affect the quality and properties of the transferred 2D materials, thus limiting their overall application performance. This review presents a comprehensive summary of the current clean transfer methods for 2D materials with a specific focus on the understanding of interaction between supporting layers and 2D materials. The review encompasses various aspects, including clean transfer methods, post-transfer cleaning techniques, and cleanliness assessment. Furthermore, it analyzes and compares the advances and limitations of these clean transfer techniques. Finally, the review highlights the primary challenges associated with current clean transfer methods and provides an outlook on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
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7
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Qing F, Guo X, Hou Y, Ning C, Wang Q, Li X. Toward the Production of Super Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310678. [PMID: 38708801 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The quality requirements of graphene depend on the applications. Some have a high tolerance for graphene quality and even require some defects, while others require graphene as perfect as possible to achieve good performance. So far, synthesis of large-area graphene films by chemical vapor deposition of carbon precursors on metal substrates, especially on Cu, remains the main way to produce high-quality graphene, which has been significantly developed in the past 15 years. However, although many prototypes are demonstrated, their performance is still more or less far from the theoretical property limit of graphene. This review focuses on how to make super graphene, namely graphene with a perfect structure and free of contaminations. More specially, this study focuses on graphene synthesis on Cu substrates. Typical defects in graphene are first discussed together with the formation mechanisms and how they are characterized normally, followed with a brief review of graphene properties and the effects of defects. Then, the synthesis progress of super graphene from the aspects of substrate, grain size, wrinkles, contamination, adlayers, and point defects are reviewed. Graphene transfer is briefly discussed as well. Finally, the challenges to make super graphene are discussed and a strategy is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhu Qing
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China
| | - Xiaomeng Guo
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuting Hou
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Congcong Ning
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qisong Wang
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Exemplary School of Microelectronics), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518110, China
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8
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Dong W, Dai Z, Liu L, Zhang Z. Toward Clean 2D Materials and Devices: Recent Progress in Transfer and Cleaning Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303014. [PMID: 38049925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have tremendous potential to revolutionize the field of electronics and photonics. Unlocking such potential, however, is hampered by the presence of contaminants that usually impede the performance of 2D materials in devices. This perspective provides an overview of recent efforts to develop clean 2D materials and devices. It begins by discussing conventional and recently developed wet and dry transfer techniques and their effectiveness in maintaining material "cleanliness". Multi-scale methodologies for assessing the cleanliness of 2D material surfaces and interfaces are then reviewed. Finally, recent advances in passive and active cleaning strategies are presented, including the unique self-cleaning mechanism, thermal annealing, and mechanical treatment that rely on self-cleaning in essence. The crucial role of interface wetting in these methods is emphasized, and it is hoped that this understanding can inspire further extension and innovation of efficient transfer and cleaning of 2D materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhaohe Dai
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luqi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
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9
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Zhu Y, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Bu S, Hu Z, Liao J, Lu Q, Zhou C, Guo B, Shang M, Li F, Xu Z, Zhang J, Xie Q, Li C, Sun P, Mao B, Zhang X, Liu Z, Lin L. Recent trends in the transfer of graphene films. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7862-7873. [PMID: 38568087 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05626k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed advances in chemical vapor deposition growth of graphene films on metal foils with fine scalability and thickness controllability. However, challenges for obtaining wrinkle-free, defect-free and large-area uniformity remain to be tackled. In addition, the real commercial applications of graphene films still require industrially compatible transfer techniques with reliable performance of transferred graphene, excellent production capacity, and suitable cost. Transferred graphene films, particularly with a large area, still suffer from the presence of transfer-related cracks, wrinkles and contaminants, which would strongly deteriorate the quality and uniformity of transferred graphene films. Potential applications of graphene films include moisture barrier films, transparent conductive films, electromagnetic shielding films, and optical communications; such applications call different requirements for the performance of transferred graphene, which, in turn, determine the suitable transfer techniques. Besides the reliable transfer process, automatic machines should be well developed for the future batch transfer of graphene films, ensuring the repeatability and scalability. This mini-review provides a summary of recent advances in the transfer of graphene films and offers a perspective for future directions of transfer techniques that are compatible for industrial batch transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuofeng Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Saiyu Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Zhaoning Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Junhao Liao
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
| | - Mingpeng Shang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhiying Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chunhu Li
- Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Pengzhan Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials, Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, P.R. China
| | - Boyang Mao
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, U.K
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, P. R. China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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10
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Chen S, Chen G, Zhao Y, Bu S, Hu Z, Mao B, Wu H, Liao J, Li F, Zhou C, Guo B, Liu W, Zhu Y, Lu Q, Hu J, Shang M, Shi Z, Yu B, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Jia K, Zhang Y, Sun P, Liu Z, Lin L, Wang X. Tunable Adhesion for All-Dry Transfer of 2D Materials Enabled by the Freezing of Transfer Medium. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308950. [PMID: 38288661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The real applications of chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown graphene films require the reliable techniques for transferring graphene from growth substrates onto application-specific substrates. The transfer approaches that avoid the use of organic solvents, etchants, and strong bases are compatible with industrial batch processing, in which graphene transfer should be conducted by dry exfoliation and lamination. However, all-dry transfer of graphene remains unachievable owing to the difficulty in precisely controlling interfacial adhesion to enable the crack- and contamination-free transfer. Herein, through controllable crosslinking of transfer medium polymer, the adhesion is successfully tuned between the polymer and graphene for all-dry transfer of graphene wafers. Stronger adhesion enables crack-free peeling of the graphene from growth substrates, while reduced adhesion facilitates the exfoliation of polymer from graphene surface leaving an ultraclean surface. This work provides an industrially compatible approach for transferring 2D materials, key for their future applications, and offers a route for tuning the interfacial adhesion that would allow for the transfer-enabled fabrication of van der Waals heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensheng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030002, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Ge Chen
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Zhao
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Saiyu Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoning Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Mao
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Haotian Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Liao
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chaofan Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Bingbing Guo
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Liu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingpeng Shang
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Beiming Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- College of Chemical Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxin Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030002, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Pengzhan Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, 999078, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Technology Innovation Center of Graphene Metrology and Standardization for State Market Regulation, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030002, P. R. China
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11
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Katiyar AK, Hoang AT, Xu D, Hong J, Kim BJ, Ji S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials in Flexible Electronics: Recent Advances and Future Prospectives. Chem Rev 2024; 124:318-419. [PMID: 38055207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronics have recently gained considerable attention due to their potential to provide new and innovative solutions to a wide range of challenges in various electronic fields. These electronics require specific material properties and performance because they need to be integrated into a variety of surfaces or folded and rolled for newly formatted electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising candidates for flexible electronics due to their unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, as well as their compatibility with other materials, enabling the creation of various flexible electronic devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the progress made in developing flexible electronic devices using 2D materials. In addition, it highlights the key aspects of materials, scalable material production, and device fabrication processes for flexible applications, along with important examples of demonstrations that achieved breakthroughs in various flexible and wearable electronic applications. Finally, we discuss the opportunities, current challenges, potential solutions, and future investigative directions about this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Katiyar
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Duo Xu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyeong Hong
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyeon Ji
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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12
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Zeng F, Wang R, Wei W, Feng Z, Guo Q, Ren Y, Cui G, Zou D, Zhang Z, Liu S, Liu K, Fu Y, Kou J, Wang L, Zhou X, Tang Z, Ding F, Yu D, Liu K, Xu X. Stamped production of single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride monolayers on various insulating substrates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6421. [PMID: 37828069 PMCID: PMC10570391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Controllable growth of two-dimensional (2D) single crystals on insulating substrates is the ultimate pursuit for realizing high-end applications in electronics and optoelectronics. However, for the most typical 2D insulator, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), the production of a single-crystal monolayer on insulating substrates remains challenging. Here, we propose a methodology to realize the facile production of inch-sized single-crystal hBN monolayers on various insulating substrates by an atomic-scale stamp-like technique. The single-crystal Cu foils grown with hBN films can stick tightly (within 0.35 nm) to the insulating substrate at sub-melting temperature of Cu and extrude the hBN grown on the metallic surface onto the insulating substrate. Single-crystal hBN films can then be obtained by removing the Cu foil similar to the stamp process, regardless of the type or crystallinity of the insulating substrates. Our work will likely promote the manufacturing process of fully single-crystal 2D material-based devices and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankai Zeng
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenya Wei
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zuo Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Quanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunlong Ren
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Dingxin Zou
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Zhensheng Zhang
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Song Liu
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Kehai Liu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Jinzong Kou
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Li Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhilie Tang
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- International Quantum Academy, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Kaihui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- International Centre for Quantum Materials, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Xiaozhi Xu
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter, Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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13
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Kim M, Ma KY, Kim H, Lee Y, Park JH, Shin HS. 2D Materials in the Display Industry: Status and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205520. [PMID: 36539122 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
With advances in flexible electronics, innovative foldable, rollable, and stretchable displays have been developed to maintain their performance under various deformations. These flexible devices can develop more innovative designs than conventional devices due to their light weight, high space efficiency, and practical convenience. However, developing flexible devices requires material innovation because the devices must be flexible and exhibit desirable electrical insulating/semiconducting/metallic properties. Recently, emerging 2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable research attention because of their outstanding electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, which are ideal for flexible electronics. The recent progress and challenges of 2D material growth and display applications are reviewed and perspectives for exploring 2D materials for display applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsu Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Kyung Yeol Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Hyeongjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | | | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Low-Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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14
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Zhang D, Du J, Zhang W, Tong B, Sun Y, Zhao TY, Ma LP, Sun DM, Cheng HM, Ren W. Carrier Transport Regulation of Pixel Graphene Transparent Electrodes for Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Display. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302920. [PMID: 37267934 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Integrating a graphene transparent electrode (TE) matrix with driving circuits is essential for the practical use of graphene in optoelectronics such as active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, however it is disabled by the transport of carriers between graphene pixels after deposition of a semiconductor functional layer caused by the atomic thickness of graphene. Here, the carrier transport regulation of a graphene TE matrix by using an insulating polyethyleneimine (PEIE) layer is reported. The PEIE forms an ultrathin uniform film (≤10 nm) to fill the gap of the graphene matrix, blocking horizontal electron transport between graphene pixels. Meanwhile, it can reduce the work function of graphene, improving the vertical electron injection through electron tunneling. This enables the fabrication of inverted OLED pixels with record high current and power efficiencies of 90.7 cd A-1 and 89.1 lm W-1 , respectively. By integrating these inverted OLED pixels with a carbon nanotube-based thin-film transistor (CNT-TFT)-driven circuit, an inch-size flexible active-matrix OLED display is demonstrated, in which all OLED pixels are independently controlled by CNT-TFTs. This research paves a way for the application of graphene-like atomically thin TE pixels in flexible optoelectronics such as displays, smart wearables, and free-form surface lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingdong Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Jinhong Du
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bo Tong
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Lai-Peng Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ming Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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15
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Kong H, Yao H, Li Y, Wang Q, Qiu X, Yan J, Zhu J, Wang Y. Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures for Boosting Electricity Generation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:18456-18469. [PMID: 37698581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The emerging technology of harvesting environmental energy using hydrovoltaic devices enriches the conversion forms of renewable energy. It provides more concepts for power supply in micro/nano systems, and hydrovoltaic technology with high performance, usability, and integration is essential for achieving sustainable green energy. Comparing the discovery of multiscale nanomaterials, working layers with innovative microstructures have gradually become the dominant trend in the construction of graphene-based hydrovoltaic devices. However, reports on promoting ion/electron redistribution at the solid-liquid interface through the substrate effect of graphene are accompanied by tedious procedures, nondiverse substrates, and monolithic regulation of enhancement mechanisms. Here, the electrophoretic deposition (EPD)-driven SiC whiskers (SiCw)-assisted graphene transfer process is adopted to alleviate the complexity of the device fabrication caused by graphene transfer. The resulting output performance of the graphene/SiCw (GS) mesh films is significantly boosted. The high integrity of graphene and prominent negative surface charge near the graphene-droplet interface are derived from the overlayer and underlayer inside the graphene-based mixed-dimensional van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, respectively. Additionally, a self-powered desalination-monitoring system is designed based on integrated hydrovoltaic devices. Electricity harvested from the ionic solutions is reused for deionization, representing an efficient strategy for energy conversion and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huiying Yao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinhuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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16
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Yuan G, Liu W, Huang X, Wan Z, Wang C, Yao B, Sun W, Zheng H, Yang K, Zhou Z, Nie Y, Xu J, Gao L. Stacking transfer of wafer-scale graphene-based van der Waals superlattices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5457. [PMID: 37674029 PMCID: PMC10482836 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-quality graphene-based van der Waals superlattices are crucial for investigating physical properties and developing functional devices. However, achieving homogeneous wafer-scale graphene-based superlattices with controlled twist angles is challenging. Here, we present a flat-to-flat transfer method for fabricating wafer-scale graphene and graphene-based superlattices. The aqueous solution between graphene and substrate is removed by a two-step spinning-assisted dehydration procedure with the optimal wetting angle. Proton-assisted treatment is further used to clean graphene surfaces and interfaces, which also decouples graphene and neutralizes the doping levels. Twist angles between different layers are accurately controlled by adjusting the macroscopic stacking angle through their wafer flats. Transferred films exhibit minimal defects, homogeneous morphology, and uniform electrical properties over wafer scale. Even at room temperature, robust quantum Hall effects are observed in graphene films with centimetre-scale linewidth. Our stacking transfer method can facilitate the fabrication of graphene-based van der Waals superlattices and accelerate functional device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianlei Huang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihao Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Yao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kehan Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenjia Zhou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuefeng Nie
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Libo Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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17
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Jeong SY, Jeon Y, Kim E, Lee G, Oh YW, Ahn CW, Cho EH, Lee Y, Choi KC. Highly Air-Stable, Flexible, and Water-Resistive 2D Titanium Carbide MXene-Based RGB Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays for Transparent Free-Form Electronics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:10353-10364. [PMID: 37017522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible see-through displays are considered to be the next generation smart display, providing improved information flow, safety, situational awareness, and overall user experience in smart windows, automotive displays, glass-form biomedical displays, and augmented reality systems. 2D titanium carbides (MXenes) are promising material as electrodes of the transparent and flexible displays due to their high transparency, metallic conductivity, and flexibility. However, current MXene-based devices have insufficient air stability and lack engineering schemes to develop matrix-addressable display forms with sufficient pixels to display information. Here, we develop an ultraflexible and environmentally stable MXene-based organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display by combining high performance MXene electrodes, flexible OLEDs, and ultrathin and functional encapsulation systems. The MXene material was synthesized and used to fabricate a highly reliable MXene-based OLED that can stably operate in air condition for over 2000 h, endure repetitive bending deformation of 1.5 mm radius, and maintain environmental stability for 6 h when exposed to wet surroundings. The RGB MXene-based OLEDs were fabricated, (1691 cd m-2 at 40.4 mA cm-2 for red, 1377 cd m-2 at 4.26 mA cm-2 for green, and 1475 cd m-2 at 18.6 mA cm-2 for blue) and a matrix-addressable transparent OLED display was demonstrated that could display letters and shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yeong Jeong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120 Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gibok Lee
- National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Wha Oh
- National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Won Ahn
- National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hae Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghee Lee
- National Nano Fab Center (NNFC), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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18
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Wang Z, Nie Y, Ou H, Chen D, Cen Y, Liu J, Wu D, Hong G, Li B, Xing G, Zhang W. Electronic and Optoelectronic Monolayer WSe 2 Devices via Transfer-Free Fabrication Method. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1368. [PMID: 37110953 PMCID: PMC10145331 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have drawn significant attention for their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics. To achieve consistent electronic properties and high device yield, uniform large monolayer crystals are crucial. In this report, we describe the growth of high-quality and uniform monolayer WSe2 film using chemical vapor deposition on polycrystalline Au substrates. This method allows for the fabrication of continuous large-area WSe2 film with large-size domains. Additionally, a novel transfer-free method is used to fabricate field-effect transistors (FETs) based on the as-grown WSe2. The exceptional metal/semiconductor interfaces achieved through this fabrication method result in monolayer WSe2 FETs with extraordinary electrical performance comparable to those with thermal deposition electrodes, with a high mobility of up to ≈62.95 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature. In addition, the as-fabricated transfer-free devices can maintain their original performance after weeks without obvious device decay. The transfer-free WSe2-based photodetectors exhibit prominent photoresponse with a high photoresponsivity of ~1.7 × 104 A W-1 at Vds = 1 V and Vg = -60 V and a maximum detectivity value of ~1.2 × 1013 Jones. Our study presents a robust pathway for the growth of high-quality monolayer TMDs thin films and large-scale device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yecheng Nie
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haohui Ou
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dao Chen
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yingqian Cen
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Di Wu
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guo Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Benxuan Li
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Electrical Engineering Division, Engineering Department, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Gumprich A, Liedtke J, Beck S, Chirca I, Potočnik T, Alexander-Webber JA, Hofmann S, Tappertzhofen S. Buried graphene heterostructures for electrostatic doping of low-dimensional materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:265203. [PMID: 36758234 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbaa2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication and characterization of steep slope transistor devices based on low-dimensional materials requires precise electrostatic doping profiles with steep spatial gradients in order to maintain maximum control over the channel. In this proof-of-concept study we present a versatile graphene heterostructure platform with three buried individually addressable gate electrodes. The platform is based on a vertical stack of embedded titanium and graphene separated by an intermediate oxide to provide an almost planar surface. We demonstrate the functionality and advantages of the platform by exploring transfer and output characteristics at different temperatures of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with different electrostatic doping configurations. Furthermore, we back up the concept with finite element simulations to investigate the surface potential. The presented heterostructure is an ideal platform for analysis of electrostatic doping of low-dimensional materials for novel low-power transistor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gumprich
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - J Liedtke
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I Chirca
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - T Potočnik
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - J A Alexander-Webber
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - S Hofmann
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - S Tappertzhofen
- Chair for Micro- and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, TU Dortmund University, Martin-Schmeisser-Weg 4-6, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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20
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Liu H, Thi QH, Man P, Chen X, Chen T, Wong LW, Jiang S, Huang L, Yang T, Leung KH, Leung TT, Gao S, Chen H, Lee CS, Kan M, Zhao J, Deng Q, Ly TH. Controlled Adhesion of Ice-Toward Ultraclean 2D Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210503. [PMID: 36637097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The scalable 2D device fabrication and integration demand either the large-area synthesis or the post-synthesis transfer of 2D layers. While the direct synthesis of 2D materials on most targeted surfaces remains challenging, the transfer approach from the growth substrate onto the targeted surfaces offers an alternative pathway for applications and integrations. However, the current transfer techniques for 2D materials predominantly involve polymers and organic solvents, which are liable to contaminate or deform the ultrasensitive atomic layers. Here, novel ice-aided transfer and ice-stamp transfer methods are developed, in which water (ice) is the only medium in the entire process. In practice, the adhesion between various 2D materials and ice can be well controlled by temperature. Through such controlled adhesion of ice, it is shown that the new transfer methods can yield ultrahigh quality and exceptional cleanliness in transferred 2D flakes and continuous 2D films, and are applicable for a wide range of substrates. Furthermore, beyond transfer, ice can also be used for cleaning the surfaces of 2D materials at higher temperatures. These novel techniques can enable unprecedented ultraclean 2D materials surfaces and performances, and will contribute to the upcoming technological revolutions associated with 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Quoc Huy Thi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ping Man
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tianren Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lok Wing Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Tiefeng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ka Ho Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tsz Tung Leung
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Shan Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Honglin Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Min Kan
- Suzhou Purevision Medical Technology Co. LTD., Suzhou, 215000, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Physics department and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, P. R. China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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21
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Guo J, Zou Y, Shi B, Pu Y, Wang J, Wang D, Chen J. Experimental verification of nanonization enhanced solubility for poorly soluble optoelectronic molecules. Chin J Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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22
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Hung YH, Hsieh TC, Lu WC, Su CY. Ultraclean and Facile Patterning of CVD Graphene by a UV-Light-Assisted Dry Transfer Method. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:4826-4834. [PMID: 36646630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of large-area graphene by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method is a mature technology; however, a transfer procedure is required to integrate CVD-grown graphene into a functional device. The reported methods for transferring graphene films cause different degrees of defects (cracking, rupture) and ion/polymer residues, which deteriorate or alter the electrical properties of as-grown graphene. Developing a reliable and fast transfer method that can maintain high-quality graphene remains a challenge. In this work, we employed UV light release tape (UV-RT) as the support layer to replace the frequently used thermal release tape (TRT) in a typical roll-to-roll dry transfer process. In this process, we used an easier-to-remove polymer as an adhesion layer to greatly reduce the strain and defects that occur during the transfer process. The cleanliness of graphene transferred by this method is above 99%, and the carrier mobility is 1.6 and 1.1 times higher than that obtained with conventional wet transfer and TRT transfer methods, respectively. UV illumination leads to facile and uniform release of the graphene film onto the target substrate, achieving one-step and selective patterning of graphene (feature size of <100 μm). The UV-assisted decomposition of the polymer molecular structure into small molecules enables a residue-free and ultraclean graphene surface. This proposed transfer method enables facile patterning of graphene and 2D films while maintaining high quality, which paves the way for versatile functional graphene applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Hung
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chiao Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chui Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Material Science and Engineering, National Central University, Tao-Yuan32001, Taiwan
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23
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Wang S, Sun M, Zhang Y, Ji H, Gao J, Song S, Sun J, Liu H, Zhang Y, Han L. Ultrasensitive Antibiotic Perceiving Based on Aptamer-Functionalized Ultraclean Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensor. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14785-14793. [PMID: 36223308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are powerful tools to treat bacterial infections, but antibiotic pollution is becoming a severe threat to the effective treatment of human bacterial infections. The detection of antibiotics in water has been a crucial research area for bioassays in recent years. There is still an urgent need for a simple ultrasensitive detection approach to achieve accurate antibiotic detection at low concentrations. Herein, a field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor was developed using ultraclean graphene and an aptamer for ultrasensitive tetracycline detection. Using a newly designed camphor-rosin clean transfer (CRCT) scheme to prepare ultraclean graphene, the carrier mobility of the FET is found to be improved by more than 10 times compared with the FET prepared by the conventional PMMA transfer (CPT) method. Based on the FET, aptamer-functionalized transistor antibiotic biosensors were constructed and characterized. A dynamic detection range of 5 orders of magnitude, a sensitivity of 21.7 mV/decade, and a low detection limit of 100 fM are achieved for the CRCT-FET biosensors with good stability, which are much improved compared with the biosensor prepared by the CPT method. The antibiotic sensing and sensing performance enhancement mechanisms for the CRCT-FET biosensor were studied and analyzed based on experimental results and a biosensing model. Finally, the CRCT-FET biosensor was verified by detecting antibiotics in actual samples obtained from the entrances of Bohai Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China
| | - Mingyuan Sun
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Gao
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan430074, China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan250100, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen518057, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technolgoy, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Lin Han
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, Shandong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen518057, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technolgoy, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
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24
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Integrated wafer-scale ultra-flat graphene by gradient surface energy modulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5410. [PMID: 36109519 PMCID: PMC9477858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33135-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of large-scale two-dimensional (2D) materials onto semiconductor wafers is highly desirable for advanced electronic devices, but challenges such as transfer-related crack, contamination, wrinkle and doping remain. Here, we developed a generic method by gradient surface energy modulation, leading to a reliable adhesion and release of graphene onto target wafers. The as-obtained wafer-scale graphene exhibited a damage-free, clean, and ultra-flat surface with negligible doping, resulting in uniform sheet resistance with only ~6% deviation. The as-transferred graphene on SiO2/Si exhibited high carrier mobility reaching up ~10,000 cm2 V−1 s−1, with quantum Hall effect (QHE) observed at room temperature. Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) appeared at 1.7 K after encapsulation by h-BN, yielding ultra-high mobility of ~280,000 cm2 V−1 s−1. Integrated wafer-scale graphene thermal emitters exhibited significant broadband emission in near-infrared (NIR) spectrum. Overall, the proposed methodology is promising for future integration of wafer-scale 2D materials in advanced electronics and optoelectronics. Defect-free integration of 2D materials onto semiconductor wafers is desired to implement heterogeneous electronic devices. Here, the authors report a method to transfer high-quality graphene on target wafers via gradient surface energy modulation, leading to improved structural and electronic properties.
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25
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Nam KB, Hu Q, Yeo JH, Kim MJ, Yoo JB. Fabrication of a 100 × 100 mm 2 nanometer-thick graphite pellicle for extreme ultraviolet lithography by a peel-off and camphor-supported transfer approach. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3824-3831. [PMID: 36133349 PMCID: PMC9470056 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00488g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography pellicle is used to physically protect a mask from contaminants during the EUV exposure process and needs to have a high EUV transmittance. The EUV pellicle should be fabricated using a freestanding thin film with several tens of nanometer thickness in an area of 110 × 142 mm2, which is a challenging task. Here, we propose a peel-off approach to directly detach the nanometer-thick graphite film (NGF)/Ni film from SiO2/Si wafer and significantly shorten the etching time of the Ni film. Combined with the residue-damage-free transfer method that used camphor as a supporting layer, we successfully fabricated a large-area (100 × 100 mm2) NGF pellicle with a thickness of ∼20 nm, and an EUV transmittance of ∼87.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bong Nam
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Qicheng Hu
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545616 China
| | - Jin-Ho Yeo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ja Kim
- Mask Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd Hwaseong 18448 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Beom Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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26
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Zhao Y, Song Y, Hu Z, Wang W, Chang Z, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Wu H, Liao J, Zou W, Gao X, Jia K, Zhuo L, Hu J, Xie Q, Zhang R, Wang X, Sun L, Li F, Zheng L, Wang M, Yang J, Mao B, Fang T, Wang F, Zhong H, Liu W, Yan R, Yin J, Zhang Y, Wei Y, Peng H, Lin L, Liu Z. Large-area transfer of two-dimensional materials free of cracks, contamination and wrinkles via controllable conformal contact. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4409. [PMID: 35906212 PMCID: PMC9338253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31887-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials on a wide range of substrates forms the basis for large-area applications, such as graphene integration with silicon-based technologies, which requires graphene on silicon with outperforming carrier mobilities. However, 2D materials were only produced on limited archetypal substrates by chemical vapor deposition approaches. Reliable after-growth transfer techniques, that do not produce cracks, contamination, and wrinkles, are critical for layering 2D materials onto arbitrary substrates. Here we show that, by incorporating oxhydryl groups-containing volatile molecules, the supporting films can be deformed under heat to achieve a controllable conformal contact, enabling the large-area transfer of 2D films without cracks, contamination, and wrinkles. The resulting conformity with enhanced adhesion facilitates the direct delamination of supporting films from graphene, providing ultraclean surfaces and carrier mobilities up to 1,420,000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 4 K. Reliable transfer techniques are critical for the integration of 2D materials with arbitrary substrates. Here, the authors describe a method to transfer 4-inch and A4-sized defect-free graphene films onto rigid and flexible substrates with controllable conformal contact, leading to improved electrical properties and uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuqing Song
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoning Hu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhenghua Chang
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Qi Lu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Wu
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Liao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zou
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Kaicheng Jia
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - La Zhuo
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qin Xie
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Luzhao Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronics Technology Ministry of Education College of Electronic Science and Technology Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Boyang Mao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tiantian Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Zhong
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Wenlin Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Rui Yan
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Wei
- LNM, Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China. .,School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China. .,Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Li Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China. .,Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing, 100095, P. R. China. .,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China.
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27
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Fan H, Sun F. Developing Graphene Grids for Cryoelectron Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:937253. [PMID: 35911962 PMCID: PMC9326159 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.937253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) single particle analysis has become one of the major techniques used to study high-resolution 3D structures of biological macromolecules. Specimens are generally prepared in a thin layer of vitrified ice using a holey carbon grid. However, the sample quality using this type of grid is not always ideal for high-resolution imaging even when the specimens in the test tube behave ideally. Various problems occur during a vitrification procedure, including poor/nonuniform distribution of particles, preferred orientation of particles, specimen denaturation/degradation, high background from thick ice, and beam-induced motion, which have become important bottlenecks in high-resolution structural studies using cryo-EM in many projects. In recent years, grids with support films made of graphene and its derivatives have been developed to efficiently solve these problems. Here, the various advantages of graphene grids over conventional holey carbon film grids, functionalization of graphene support films, production methods of graphene grids, and origins of pristine graphene contamination are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Biological Imaging, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Recent Progress on Graphene Flexible Photodetectors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15144820. [PMID: 35888288 PMCID: PMC9318373 DOI: 10.3390/ma15144820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, optoelectronics and related industries have developed rapidly. As typical optoelectronics devices, photodetectors (PDs) are widely applied in various fields. The functional materials in traditional PDs exhibit high hardness, and the performance of these rigid detectors is thus greatly reduced upon their stretching or bending. Therefore, the development of new flexible PDs with bendable and foldable functions is of great significance and has much interest in wearable, implantable optoelectronic devices. Graphene with excellent electrical and optical performance constructed on various flexible and rigid substrates has great potential in PDs. In this review, recent research progress on graphene-based flexible PDs is outlined. The research states of graphene conductive films are summarized, focusing on PDs based on single-component graphene and mixed-structure graphene, with a systematic analysis of their optical and mechanical performance, and the techniques for optimizing the PDs are also discussed. Finally, a summary of the current applications of graphene flexible PDs and perspectives is provided, and the remaining challenges are discussed.
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29
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A Novel Crossbeam Structure with Graphene Sensing Element for N/MEMS Mechanical Sensors. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122101. [PMID: 35745440 PMCID: PMC9227024 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A graphene membrane acts as a highly sensitive element in a nano/micro–electro–mechanical system (N/MEMS) due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Here, a novel crossbeam structure with a graphene varistor protected by Si3N4 is presented for N/MEMS mechanical sensors. It substantially overcomes the poor reliability of previous sensors with suspended graphene and exhibits excellent mechanoelectrical coupling performance, as graphene is placed on the root of the crossbeam. By performing basic mechanical electrical measurements, a preferable gauge factor of ~1.35 is obtained. The sensitivity of the graphene pressure sensor based on the crossbeam structure chip is 33.13 mV/V/MPa in a wide range of 0~20 MPa. Other static specifications, including hysteresis error, nonlinear error, and repeatability error, are 2.0119%, 3.3622%, and 4.0271%, respectively. We conclude that a crossbeam structure with a graphene sensing element can be an application for the N/MEMS mechanical sensor.
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30
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Hybrid Passivated Red Organic LEDs with Prolonged Operation and Storage Lifetime. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092607. [PMID: 35565958 PMCID: PMC9099473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In addition to mobile and TV displays, there is a trend of organic LEDs being applied in niche markets, such as microdisplays, automobile taillights, and photobiomodulation therapy. These applications mostly do not require to be flexible in form but need to have long operation lifetimes and storage lifespans. Using traditional glass encapsulation may not be able to fulfill the rigorous product specification, and a hybrid encapsulation method by combining glass and thin-film encapsulation will be the solution. Conventional thin-film encapsulation technology generally involves organic and inorganic multilayer films that are thick and have considerable stress. As a result, when subjected to extreme heat and stress, the film easily peels off. Herein, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of a 2 µm silicon nitride film prepared at 85 °C is less than 5 × 10-5 g/m2/day and its stress is optimized to be 23 MPa. Red organic LEDs are passivated with the hybrid encapsulation, and the T95 lifetime reaches nearly 10 years if the LED is continuously driven at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m2. In addition, a storage lifespan of over 17 years is achieved.
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31
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Ren Q, Liu J, Chen Z, Ma M, Fan L, Zhao Y, Zhao P. Using Scalable Graphene via Press-and-Peel: A Robust and Storable Tape. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:14513-14519. [PMID: 35306806 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The independent expertise required by the preparation and application of graphene has brought a challenge to the more fluent development of graphene devices. We combine the advantages of chemical vapor deposition and micromechanical exfoliation methods of synthesizing graphene to develop a "graphene tape" for the fast utilization of graphene, which is robust, storable, and user-friendly. Prepared by pretransferring graphene to the surface of a polymer carrier film with weak interfacial adhesion, this graphene tape enables the acquisition, patterning, and layer-by-layer epitaxy of scalable graphene on a target substrate through simple cutting, pressing, and peeling off. Multiple characterizations demonstrate its comparable quality with as-synthesized graphene even after stored for over 30 days, overcoming the time and space limitations of acquiring a graphene sample. We believe that this graphene tape can bridge the current gap between graphene synthesis and applications and promote industrial progress of graphene-based devices in the post-Moore era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Zhang
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Ren
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jinglan Liu
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengchen Ma
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Liwu Fan
- Institute of Thermal Science and Power Systems, School of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhao
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Center for X-Mechanics and Institute of Applied Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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32
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Yang H, Wang G, Guo Y, Wang L, Tan B, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang J, Shuai Y, Lin J, Jia D, Hu P. Growth of wafer-scale graphene-hexagonal boron nitride vertical heterostructures with clear interfaces for obtaining atomically thin electrical analogs. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4204-4215. [PMID: 35234771 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06004j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) integrated circuits based on graphene (Gr) heterostructures have emerged as next-generation electronic devices. However, it is still challenging to produce high-quality and large-area Gr/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) vertical heterostructures with clear interfaces and precise layer control. In this work, a two-step metallic alloy-assisted epitaxial growth approach has been demonstrated for producing wafer-scale vertical hexagonal boron nitride/graphene (h-BN/Gr) heterostructures with clear interfaces. The heterostructures maintain high uniformity while scaling up and thickening. The layer number of both h-BN and graphene can be independently controlled by tuning the growth process. Furthermore, conductance measurements confirm that electrical hysteresis disappears on h-BN/Gr field-effect transistors, which is attributed to the h-BN dielectric surface. Our work blazes a trail toward next-generation graphene-based analog devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Guo
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Australia
| | - Biying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Yong Shuai
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
| | - Junhao Lin
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dechang Jia
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
| | - PingAn Hu
- Institute for Advanced Ceramics, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Heilongjiang, Harbin, 150080, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Systems and Micro-Structures Manufacturing of Ministry of Education, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, P. R. China
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33
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Ayodele O, Pourianejad S, Trofe A, Prokofjevs A, Ignatova T. Application of Soxhlet Extractor for Ultra-clean Graphene Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:7297-7303. [PMID: 35252719 PMCID: PMC8892648 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface contamination experienced during polymer-assisted transfer is detrimental for optical and electrical properties of 2D materials. This contamination is usually due to incomplete polymer removal and also due to impurities present in organic solvents. Here, we report a simple, economical, and highly efficient approach for obtaining pristine graphene on a suitable substrate (e.g., SiO2/Si) by utilizing Soxhlet extraction apparatus for delicate removal of the polymer with a freshly distilled ultrapure solvent (acetone) in a continuous fashion. Excellent structural and morphological qualities of the material thus produced were confirmed using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to the conventional protocol, graphene produced by the current approach has a lower residual polymer content, leading to a root mean square roughness of only 1.26 nm. The amount of strain and doping was found to be similar, but the D-band, which is indicative of the defects, was less pronounced in the samples prepared by Soxhlet-assisted transfer. The new procedure is virtually effortless from the experimental point of view, utilizes much less solvent compared to the conventional washing procedure, and allows for easy scale-up. Extension of this process to other 2D materials would not only provide samples with superior intrinsic properties but also enhance their suitability for advanced technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi
O. Ayodele
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Sajedeh Pourianejad
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Anthony Trofe
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Aleksandrs Prokofjevs
- Department
of Chemistry, North Carolina Agricultural
and Technical State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411, United States
| | - Tetyana Ignatova
- Department
of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
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Liu M, Wang L, Yu G. Developing Graphene-Based Moiré Heterostructures for Twistronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103170. [PMID: 34723434 PMCID: PMC8728823 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based moiré heterostructures are strongly correlated materials, and they are considered to be an effective platform to investigate the challenges of condensed matter physics. This is due to the distinct electronic properties that are unique to moiré superlattices and peculiar band structures. The increasing research on strongly correlated physics via graphene-based moiré heterostructures, especially unconventional superconductors, greatly promotes the development of condensed matter physics. Herein, the preparation methods of graphene-based moiré heterostructures on both in situ growth and assembling monolayer 2D materials are discussed. Methods to improve the quality of graphene and optimize the transfer process are presented to mitigate the limitations of low-quality graphene and damage caused by the transfer process during the fabrication of graphene-based moiré heterostructures. Then, the topological properties in various graphene-based moiré heterostructures are reviewed. Furthermore, recent advances regarding the factors that influence physical performances via a changing twist angle, the exertion of strain, and regulation of the dielectric environment are presented. Moreover, various unique physical properties in graphene-based moiré heterostructures are demonstrated. Finally, the challenges faced during the preparation and characterization of graphene-based moiré heterostructures are discussed. An outlook for the further development of moiré heterostructures is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing100083P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
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35
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Gao Y, Chen J, Chen G, Fan C, Liu X. Recent Progress in the Transfer of Graphene Films and Nanostructures. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100771. [PMID: 34928026 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The one-atom-thick graphene has excellent electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Currently, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene has received a great deal of attention because it provides access to large-area and uniform films with high-quality. This allows the fabrication of graphene based-electronics, sensors, photonics, and optoelectronics for practical applications. Zero bandgap, however, limits the application of a graphene film as electronic transistor. The most commonly used bottom-up approaches have achieved efficient tuning of the electronic bandgap by customizing well-defined graphene nanostructures. The postgrowth transfer of graphene films/nanostructures to a certain substrate is crucial in utilizing graphene in applicable devices. In this review, the basic growth mechanism of CVD graphene is first introduced. Then, recent advances in various transfer methods of as-grown graphene to target substrates are presented. The fabrication and transfer methods of graphene nanostructures are also provided, and then the transfer-related applications are summarized. At last, the challenging issues and the potential transfer-free approaches are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjing Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jielin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guorui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoguo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Centre for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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36
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Song Y, Zou W, Lu Q, Lin L, Liu Z. Graphene Transfer: Paving the Road for Applications of Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007600. [PMID: 33661572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fascinating properties of graphene, fulfilling the promising characteristics of graphene in applications has ignited enormous scientific and industrial interest. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on metal substrates provides tantalizing opportunities for the large-area synthesis of graphene in a controllable manner. However, the tedious transfer of graphene from metal substrates onto desired substrates remains inevitable, and cracks of graphene membrane, transfer-induced doping, wrinkles as well as surface contamination can be incurred during the transfer, which highly degrade the performance of graphene. Furthermore, new issues can arise when moving to large-scale transfer at an industrial scale, thus cost-efficient and environment-friendly transfer techniques also become imperative. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of transfer-related issues and the corresponding experimental solutions and to provide an outlook for future transfer techniques of CVD graphene films on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zou
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China, University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Chen Z, Xie C, Wang W, Zhao J, Liu B, Shan J, Wang X, Hong M, Lin L, Huang L, Lin X, Yang S, Gao X, Zhang Y, Gao P, Novoselov KS, Sun J, Liu Z. Direct growth of wafer-scale highly oriented graphene on sapphire. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk0115. [PMID: 34797705 PMCID: PMC8604399 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Direct chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of wafer-scale high-quality graphene on dielectrics is of paramount importance for versatile applications. Nevertheless, the synthesized graphene is typically a polycrystalline film with high density of uncontrolled defects, resulting in a low carrier mobility and high sheet resistance. Here, we report the direct growth of highly oriented monolayer graphene films on sapphire wafers. Our growth strategy is achieved by designing an electromagnetic induction heating CVD operated at elevated temperature, where the high pyrolysis and migration barriers of carbon species are easily overcome. Meanwhile, the embryonic graphene domains are guided into good alignment by minimizing its configuration energy. The thus obtained graphene film accordingly manifests a markedly improved carrier mobility (~14,700 square centimeters per volt per second at 4 kelvin) and reduced sheet resistance (~587 ohms per square), which compare favorably with those from catalytic growth on polycrystalline metal foils and epitaxial growth on silicon carbide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Chen
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Chunyu Xie
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jinpei Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Bingyao Liu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyuan Shan
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Min Hong
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Lin
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shenyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xuan Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871,China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, Liangjiang New Area, Chongqing 400714, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Jingyu Sun
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- College of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations (SIEMIS), Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing 100095, China
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.); (Y.Z.); (P.G.); (K.S.N.); (J.S.); (Z.L.)
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39
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Kim J, Lee Y, Kang M, Hu L, Zhao S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials for Skin-Mountable Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005858. [PMID: 33998064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable devices that can directly measure various biosignals and external stimuli and communicate the information to the users have been actively studied owing to increasing demand for wearable electronics and newer healthcare systems. Research on skin-mountable devices is mainly focused on those materials and mechanical design aspects that satisfy the device fabrication requirements on unusual substrates like skin and also for achieving good sensing capabilities and stable device operation in high-strain conditions. 2D materials that are atomically thin and possess unique electrical and optical properties offer several important features that can address the challenging needs in wearable, skin-mountable electronic devices. Herein, recent research progress on skin-mountable devices based on 2D materials that exhibit a variety of device functions including information input and output and in vitro and in vivo healthcare and diagnosis is reviewed. The challenges, potential solutions, and perspectives on trends for future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejung Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minpyo Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songfang Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hole Injection Role of p-Type Conjugated Polymer Nanolayers in Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Devices. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10182283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the hole injection role of p-type conjugated polymer layer in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanolayers (thickness = ~1 nm thick), which were subjected to thermal annealing at 140 °C by varying annealing time, were inserted between indium tin oxide (ITO) anodes and hole transport layers (N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine, NPB). The 1 nm-thick P3HT layers showed very weak absorption in the visible light range of 500~650 nm. The device results disclosed that the presence of P3HT layers were just able to improve the charge injection of OLEDs leading to an enhanced luminance irrespective of thermal annealing condition. The highest luminance and efficiency were achieved for the OLEDs with the P3HT layers annealed at 140 °C for 10 min. Further annealing for 30 min resulted in turn-down of device performances. The emission color was almost unchanged by the presence of P3HT layers even though the color coordinates were marginally fluctuated according to the annealing time. The present result delivers the possibility to use p-type conjugated polymers (i.e., P3HT) as a hole injection layer in OLEDs.
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41
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Shen L, Shi Q, Zhang S, Gao J, Cheng DC, Yi M, Song R, Wang L, Jiang J, Karnik R, Zhang S. Highly porous nanofiber-supported monolayer graphene membranes for ultrafast organic solvent nanofiltration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg6263. [PMID: 34516873 PMCID: PMC8442935 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg6263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of monolayer graphene membrane on porous supports is key to realizing practical applications of atomically thin membranes, but it is technologically challenging. Here, we demonstrate a facile and versatile electrospinning approach to realize nanoporous graphene membranes on different polymeric supports with high porosity for efficient diffusion- and pressure-driven separations. The conductive graphene works as an excellent receptor for deposition of highly porous nanofibers during electrospinning, thereby enabling direct attachment of graphene to the support. A universal “binder” additive is shown to enhance adhesion between the graphene layer and polymeric supports, resulting in high graphene coverage on nanofibers made from different polymers. After defect sealing and oxygen plasma treatment, the resulting nanoporous membranes demonstrate record-high performances in dialysis and organic solvent nanofiltration, with a pure ethanol permeance of 156.8 liters m−2 hour−1 bar−1 and 94.5% rejection to Rose Bengal (1011 g mol−1) that surpasses the permeability-selectivity trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Shengping Zhang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - David Chi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ming Yi
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyang Song
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Luda Wang
- School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sui Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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42
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Nam KB, Yeo JH, Hu Q, Kim MJ, Oh B, Yoo JB. Fabrication of extreme ultraviolet lithography pellicle with nanometer-thick graphite film by sublimation of camphor supporting layer. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:465301. [PMID: 34340219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac19d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pellicle consists of freestanding thin films on a frame; these films are tens of nanometers in thickness and can include Si, SiNX, or graphite. Nanometer-thick graphite films (NGFs), synthesized via chemical vapor deposition on a metal catalyst, are used as a pellicle material. The most common method to transfer NGFs onto a substrate or a frame is to use polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as a supporting layer. However, this PMMA-mediated technique involves several disadvantages in term of manufacturing NGF EUV pellicles. When removing the PMMA using acetone or O2plasma, defects or deflections can occur in the NGFs. Furthermore, PMMA residues are generally present on large-area NGFs. In this study, a transfer method using camphor instead of PMMA as the supporting layer was developed to overcome these problems. After the camphor/NGF was formed on the frame, camphor was removed via sublimation in an atmosphere of ethanol vapor. This study investigated the deposition and sublimation of camphor, and confirmed that no residue was present and no deflection or defects were observed in the NGFs. Thus, a large-area NGF pellicle was successfully fabricated using the camphor transfer process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Bong Nam
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Yeo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Qicheng Hu
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Ja Kim
- Mask Development Team, Semiconductor R&D Center, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd, Hwaseong, 445-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungdu Oh
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Beom Yoo
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), and Center for Human Interface Nano Technology (HINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering (BK21), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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43
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Røst HI, Reed BP, Strand FS, Durk JA, Evans DA, Grubišić-Čabo A, Wan G, Cattelan M, Prieto MJ, Gottlob DM, Tănase LC, de Souza Caldas L, Schmidt T, Tadich A, Cowie BCC, Chellappan RK, Wells JW, Cooil SP. A Simplified Method for Patterning Graphene on Dielectric Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37510-37516. [PMID: 34328712 PMCID: PMC8365599 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale formation of patterned, quasi-freestanding graphene structures supported on a dielectric has so far been limited by the need to transfer the graphene onto a suitable substrate and contamination from the associated processing steps. We report μm scale, few-layer graphene structures formed at moderate temperatures (600-700 °C) and supported directly on an interfacial dielectric formed by oxidizing Si layers at the graphene/substrate interface. We show that the thickness of this underlying dielectric support can be tailored further by an additional Si intercalation of the graphene prior to oxidation. This produces quasi-freestanding, patterned graphene on dielectric SiO2 with a tunable thickness on demand, thus facilitating a new pathway to integrated graphene microelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkon I. Røst
- Center
for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Benjamen P. Reed
- Department
of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Frode S. Strand
- Center
for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joseph A. Durk
- Department
of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - D. Andrew Evans
- Department
of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Antonija Grubišić-Čabo
- School
of Physics & Astronomy, Monash University, 1 Wellington Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gary Wan
- School
of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Cattelan
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United
Kingdom
| | - Mauricio J. Prieto
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel M. Gottlob
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liviu C. Tănase
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas de Souza Caldas
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institute
of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Tadich
- Australian
Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Bruce C. C. Cowie
- Australian
Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Rd., Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Rajesh Kumar Chellappan
- Center
for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Justin W. Wells
- Center
for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Semiconductor
Physics, Department of Physics, University
of Oslo (UiO), NO-0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Simon P. Cooil
- Department
of Physics, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3BZ, United Kingdom
- Semiconductor
Physics, Department of Physics, University
of Oslo (UiO), NO-0371 Oslo, Norway
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Zhang R, Li M, Li L, Fan Y, Zhang Q, Yu G, Geng D, Hu W. The way towards for ultraflat and superclean graphene. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Menghan Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus Tianjin University Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Faculty of Science Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin P. R. China
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45
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Graphene, Graphene-Derivatives and Composites: Fundamentals, Synthesis Approaches to Applications. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5070181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene has accomplished huge notoriety and interest from the universe of science considering its exceptional mechanical physical and thermal properties. Graphene is an allotrope of carbon having one atom thick size and planar sheets thickly stuffed in a lattice structure resembling a honeycomb structure. Numerous methods to prepare graphene have been created throughout a limited span of time. Due to its fascinating properties, it has found some extensive applications to a wide variety of fields. So, we believe there is a necessity to produce a document of the outstanding methods and some of the novel applications of graphene. This article centres around the strategies to orchestrate graphene and its applications in an attempt to sum up the advancements that has taken place in the research of graphene.
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Kim BS, Won S, Seo J, Jeong SK, Kim C, Kim KS, Kim SH, Cho SM, Kim JH. Embedded Reverse-Offset Printing of Silver Nanowires and Its Application to Double-Stacked Transparent Electrodes with Microscale Patterns. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26601-26609. [PMID: 34033467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose an embedded reverse-offset printing (EROP) method, which generates silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrodes for display applications. The proposed EROP method can solve the two critical issues of microscale pattern formation and surface planarization. The AgNW electrode had a transmittance of 82% at 550 nm, a sheet resistance of 12.2 Ω/sq, and a 3.27 nm smooth surface. We realized the roll-based pattern formation of AgNW on a plastic substrate as small as 10 μm with negligible step differences to facilitate the proposed method. The proposed EROP method also produced a double-stacked AgNW electrode, enabling the simultaneous operation of separately micropatterned devices. To verify the usefulness of EROP, we fabricated an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device to demonstrate leakage current reduction and efficiency improvement compared with a conventional indium tin oxide (ITO)-based OLED device. The EROP-based OLED showed 38 and 25% higher current efficiencies than an insulator-patterned AgNW OLED and a conventional ITO-based OLED, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong Sung Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejeong Won
- Center for Advanced Meta-Materials (CAMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkook Seo
- Novel Material Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Jeong
- Novel Material Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seop Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Cho
- Novel Material Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Nano-Convergence Mechanical Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Li W, Xu J, Shang S, Song Z. Synthesis and characterization of bio-based epoxy thermosets using rosin-based epoxy monomer. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00918-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractGraphene as a two-dimensional material is prone to hydrocarbon contaminations, which can significantly alter its intrinsic electrical properties. Herein, we implement a facile hydrogenation-dehydrogenation strategy to remove hydrocarbon contaminations and preserve the excellent transport properties of monolayer graphene. Using electron microscopy we quantitatively characterized the improved cleanness of hydrogenated graphene compared to untreated samples. In situ spectroscopic investigations revealed that the hydrogenation treatment promoted the adsorption ofytyt water at the graphene surface, resulting in a protective layer against the re-deposition of hydrocarbon molecules. Additionally, the further dehydrogenation of hydrogenated graphene rendered a more pristine-like basal plane with improved carrier mobility compared to untreated pristine graphene. Our findings provide a practical post-growth cleaning protocol for graphene with maintained surface cleanness and lattice integrity to systematically carry a range of surface chemistry in the form of a well-performing and reproducible transistor.
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Mercado E, Anaya J, Kuball M. Impact of Polymer Residue Level on the In-Plane Thermal Conductivity of Suspended Large-Area Graphene Sheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:17910-17919. [PMID: 33844921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polymer transfer residues on graphene surfaces is a major bottleneck to overcome for the commercial and industrial viability of devices incorporating graphene layers. In particular, how clean the surface must be to recover high (>2500 W/mK) thermal conductivity and maximize the heat spreading capability of graphene for thermal management applications remains unclear. Here, we present the first systematic study of the impact of different levels of polymer residues on the in-plane thermal conductivity (κr) of single-layer graphene (SLG) fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Control over the quantity of surface residue was achieved by varying the length of time each sample was rinsed in toluene to remove the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) support layer. The level of residue contamination was assessed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical characterization. The thermal conductivity of the suspended SLG was measured using an optothermal Raman technique. We observed that the presence of polymer surface residue has a significant impact on the thermal properties of SLG, with the most heavily contaminated sample exhibiting a κr as low as (905 +155/-100) W/mK. Even without complete eradication of surface residues, a thermal conductivity as high as (3100 +1400/-900) W/mK was recovered, where the separation between adjacent clusters was sufficiently large (>700 nm). The proportion of the SLG surface covered by residues and the mean separation distance between clusters were found to be key factors in determining the level of κr suppression. This work has important implications for future large-scale graphene fabrication and transfer, particularly where graphene is to be used as a heat spreading layer in devices. The possibility of new opportunities for manipulation of the thermal properties of SLG via PMMA nanopatterning is also raised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Mercado
- Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability (CDTR), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Anaya
- Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability (CDTR), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Kuball
- Centre for Device Thermography and Reliability (CDTR), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Liu L, Dong R, Ye D, Lu Y, Xia P, Deng L, Duan Y, Cao K, Chen S. Phosphomolybdic Acid-Modified Monolayer Graphene Anode for Efficient Organic and Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12268-12277. [PMID: 33656843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is a promising flexible transparent electrode, and significant progress in graphene-based optoelectronic devices has been accomplished by reducing the sheet resistance and tuning the work function. Herein, phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) is proposed as a novel p-type chemical dopant for graphene, and the optical and electrical properties of graphene are investigated systematically. As a result, the monolayer graphene electrode with lower sheet resistance and work function are obtained while maintaining a high transmittance. The Raman spectrum proves the p-type doping effect of PMA on graphene, and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal the mechanism, which is that the electrons transfer from graphene to PMA through the Mo-O-C bond. Furthermore, using the PMA-doped graphene anode, organic and perovskite light-emitting diodes obtained the maximum efficiencies of 129.3 and 15.6 cd/A with an increase of 50.8 and 36.8% compared with the pristine counterparts, respectively. This work confirms that PMA is a potential p-type chemical dopant to achieve an ideal graphene electrode and demonstrates the feasibility of PMA-doped graphene in the practical application of next-generation displays and solid-state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruimin Dong
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Danqing Ye
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Xia
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingling Deng
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Duan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kun Cao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shufen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), Nanjing 210023, China
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