1
|
Nketia-Yawson V, Buer AB, Ahn H, Nketia-Yawson B, Jo JW. Hole Mobility Enhancement in Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']Dithiophene-Based Conjugated Polymer Transistors through Directional Alignment, Perovskite Functionalization and Solid-State Electrolyte Gating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300634. [PMID: 38124531 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Tunability in electronic and optical properties has been intensively explored for developing conjugated polymers and their applications in organic and perovskite-based electronics. Particularly, the charge carrier mobility of conjugated polymer semiconductors has been deemed to be a vital figure-of-merit for achieving high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). In this study, the systematic hole carrier mobility improvement of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-based conjugated polymer in perovskite-functionalized organic transistors is demonstrated. In conventional OFETs with a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gate dielectric, improvements in hole mobility of 0.019 cm2 V-1 s-1 are measured using an off-center spin-coating technique, which exceeds those of on-center counterparts (0.22 ± 0.07 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1). Furthermore, the mobility drastically increases by adopting solid-state electrolyte gating, corresponding to 2.99 ± 1.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the control, and the best hole mobility is 8.03 cm2 V-1 s-1 (average ≈ 6.94 ± 0.59 cm2 V-1 s-1) for perovskite-functionalized OFETs with a high current on/off ratio of >106. The achieved device performance would be attributed to the enhanced film crystallinity and charge carrier density in the hybrid perovskite-functionalized organic transistor channel, resulting from the high-capacitance electrolyte dielectric.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Albert Buertey Buer
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Ahn
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Nketia-Yawson
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jea Woong Jo
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering and Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (PHCT), Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, 1-gil, Jung-Gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu J, Ramesh S, Melvin Lim JW, Sum TC. Carriers, Quasi-particles, and Collective Excitations in Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37276018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites (HPs) are potential game-changing materials for a broad spectrum of optoelectronic applications ranging from photovoltaics, light-emitting devices, lasers to radiation detectors, ferroelectrics, thermoelectrics, etc. Underpinning this spectacular expansion is their fascinating photophysics involving a complex interplay of carrier, lattice, and quasi-particle interactions spanning several temporal orders that give rise to their remarkable optical and electronic properties. Herein, we critically examine and distill their dynamical behavior, collective interactions, and underlying mechanisms in conjunction with the experimental approaches. This review aims to provide a unified photophysical picture fundamental to understanding the outstanding light-harvesting and light-emitting properties of HPs. The hotbed of carrier and quasi-particle interactions uncovered in HPs underscores the critical role of ultrafast spectroscopy and fundamental photophysics studies in advancing perovskite optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Fu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Melvin Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jin Z, Peng Y, Fang Y, Ye Z, Fan Z, Liu Z, Bao X, Gao H, Ren W, Wu J, Ma G, Chen Q, Zhang C, Balakin AV, Shkurinov AP, Zhu Y, Zhuang S. Photoinduced large polaron transport and dynamics in organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite with terahertz probes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:209. [PMID: 35794097 PMCID: PMC9259629 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. The long photocarrier lifetime and moderate carrier mobility have been proposed as results of the large polaron formation in MHPs. However, it is challenging to measure the effective mass and carrier scattering parameters of the photogenerated large polarons in the ultrafast carrier recombination dynamics. Here, we show, in a one-step spectroscopic method, that the optical-pump and terahertz-electromagnetic probe (OPTP) technique allows us to access the nature of interplay of photoexcited unbound charge carriers and optical phonons in polycrystalline CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) of about 10 μm grain size. Firstly, we demonstrate a direct spectral evidence of the large polarons in polycrystalline MAPbI3. Using the Drude-Smith-Lorentz model along with the Frӧhlich-type electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling, we determine the effective mass and scattering parameters of photogenerated polaronic carriers. We discover that the resulting moderate polaronic carrier mobility is mainly influenced by the enhanced carrier scattering, rather than the polaron mass enhancement. While, the formation of large polarons in MAPbI3 polycrystalline grains results in a long charge carrier lifetime at room temperature. Our results provide crucial information about the photo-physics of MAPbI3 and are indispensable for optoelectronic device development with better performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuanming Jin
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Yuqing Fang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhijiang Ye
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Zhilin Liu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Heng Gao
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Physics Department, Materials Genome Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, International Centre of Quantum and Molecular Structures, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yutian Road 500, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qianli Chen
- University of Michigan - Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Alexey V Balakin
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexander P Shkurinov
- Department of Physics and International Laser Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Moscow, 19991, Russia
- ILIT RAS-Branch of the FSRC《Crystallography and Photonics》RAS, Svyatoozerskaya 1, 140700, Shatura, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, Terahertz Spectrum and Imaging Technology Cooperative Innovation Center, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tao W, Zhang Y, Zhu H. Dynamic Exciton Polaron in Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites and Implications for Optoelectronic Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:345-353. [PMID: 35043614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe past few years have witnessed an exciting revival of the research interest in two-dimensional (2D) lead halide perovskites. The renaissance is strongly motivated by the great success of their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts in optoelectronic applications. Different from 3D lead halide perovskites where free carriers are generated upon photoexcitation, 2D lead halide perovskites experience weaker dielectric screening and stronger quantum confinement effects. Therefore, strongly bound excitons with binding energy of up to a few hundreds of meV are considered to be the main excited-state species responsible for optoelectronic processes in 2D perovskites. In addition to strong excitonic effects, polaronic effects are also inherent in the soft and anharmonic lattice of lead halide perovskites, and polaronic structural relaxation is found to strongly renormalize carrier excited-state behaviors. For example, ferroelectric large polaron formation and liquid-like solvation of band edge carriers are proposed to account for the exceptional properties of 3D lead halide perovskites. As for 2D lead halide perovskites, polaronic characteristics have also been observed in exciton spectral characters, but how the interplay between excitonic effect and polaronic effect redefines the nature of exciton polarons and their excited-state behaviors still remains largely unexplored.In this Account, we discuss our recent experimental findings about the excited-state properties of exciton polarons in 2D lead halide perovskites. We begin our discussion by introducing a conventional view of strongly bound excitons in 2D lead halide perovskites with large exciton binding energy, which is typically estimated from steady-state absorption spectra. However, owing to the soft and anharmonic lattice, excitons in 2D lead halide perovskites exhibit significant polaronic characters and exist as exciton polarons. It is still unclear how polaronic effects would affect the exciton properties in 2D lead halide perovskites, especially in their excited-state dynamics. By probing exchange interaction, we found that both intra- and inter-exciton Coulomb interaction strengths are substantially weakened by the polaronic screening effect, which is manifested as (1) a counterintuitively longer exciton spin lifetime by almost an order of magnitude or a smaller intraexcitonic interaction strength with temperature increasing from 80 to 340 K and (2) an order of magnitude smaller interexcitonic interaction strength compared to another prototypical 2D semiconductor named transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with a comparable steady-state exciton binding energy. We further discuss the interplay between the long- and short-range exciton-phonon interaction and conclude that the exciton-phonon interaction strength is in an intermediate regime and the exciton polaron is momentarily trapped in 2D perovskites, that is, a dynamic exciton polaron.Finally, we highlight prospective opportunities with ligand and cation engineering to regulate the exciton-phonon interaction and exciton polaron properties in 2D perovskites, which have strong implications toward future rational design for 2D perovskite-based efficient photovoltaics or light-emitting devices with high color purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Purschke DN, Pielmeier MRP, Üzer E, Ott C, Jensen C, Degg A, Vogel A, Amer N, Nilges T, Hegmann FA. Ultrafast Photoconductivity and Terahertz Vibrational Dynamics in Double-Helix SnIP Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100978. [PMID: 34278600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tin iodide phosphide (SnIP), an inorganic double-helix material, is a quasi-1D van der Waals semiconductor that shows promise in photocatalysis and flexible electronics. However, the understanding of the fundamental photophysics and charge transport dynamics of this new material is limited. Here, time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is used to probe the transient photoconductivity of SnIP nanowire films and measure the carrier mobility. With insight into the highly anisotropic electronic structure from quantum chemical calculations, an electron mobility as high as 280 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the double-helix axis and a hole mobility of 238 cm2 V-1 s-1 perpendicular to the double-helix axis are detected. Additionally, infrared-active (IR-active) THz vibrational modes are measured, which shows excellent agreement with first-principles calculations, and an ultrafast photoexcitation-induced charge redistribution is observed that reduces the amplitude of a twisting mode of the outer SnI helix on picosecond timescales. Finally, it is shown that the carrier lifetime and mobility are limited by a trap density greater than 1018 cm-3 . The results provide insight into the optical excitation and relaxation pathways of SnIP and demonstrate a remarkably high carrier mobility for such a soft and flexible material, suggesting that it could be ideally suited for flexible electronics applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N Purschke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Markus R P Pielmeier
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Ebru Üzer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Claudia Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Charles Jensen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Annabelle Degg
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Anna Vogel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Naaman Amer
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Tom Nilges
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Frank A Hegmann
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sekiguchi F, Hirori H, Yumoto G, Shimazaki A, Nakamura T, Wakamiya A, Kanemitsu Y. Enhancing the Hot-Phonon Bottleneck Effect in a Metal Halide Perovskite by Terahertz Phonon Excitation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:077401. [PMID: 33666485 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.077401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of phonon excitations on the photoexcited carrier dynamics in a lead-halide perovskite CH_{3}NH_{3}PbI_{3}, which hosts unique low-energy phonons that can be directly excited by terahertz pulses. Our time-resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that strong terahertz excitation prolongs the cooling time of hot carriers, providing direct evidence for the hot-phonon bottleneck effect. In contrast to the previous studies where phonons are treated as a passive heat bath, our results demonstrate that phonon excitation can significantly perturb the carrier relaxation dynamics in halide perovskites through the coupling between transverse- and longitudinal-optical phonons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Sekiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Go Yumoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ai Shimazaki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoya Nakamura
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Obraztsov PA, Bulgakova VV, Chizhov PA, Ushakov AA, Gets DS, Makarov SV, Bukin VV. Hybrid Perovskite Terahertz Photoconductive Antenna. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020313. [PMID: 33530450 PMCID: PMC7912262 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites, while well examined for photovoltaic applications, remain almost completely unexplored in the terahertz (THz) range. These low-cost hybrid materials are extremely attractive for THz applications because their optoelectronic properties can be chemically engineered with relative ease. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the first attempt to apply solution-processed polycrystalline films of hybrid perovskites for the development of photoconductive terahertz emitters. By using the widely studied methylammonium-based perovskites MAPbI3 and MAPbBr3, we fabricate and characterize large-aperture photoconductive antennas. The work presented here examines polycrystalline perovskite films excited both above and below the bandgap, as well as the scaling of THz emission with the applied bias field and the optical excitation fluence. The combination of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and terahertz emission experiments allows us to determine the still-debated room temperature carrier lifetime and mobility of charge carriers in halide perovskites using an alternative noninvasive method. Our results demonstrate the applicability of hybrid perovskites for the development of scalable THz photoconductive devices, making these materials competitive with conventional semiconductors for THz emission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petr A. Obraztsov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladislava V. Bulgakova
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Pavel A. Chizhov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Ushakov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| | - Dmitry S. Gets
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.G.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Sergey V. Makarov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia; (D.S.G.); (S.V.M.)
| | - Vladimir V. Bukin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.B.); (P.A.C.); (A.A.U.); (V.V.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen J, Zhang Z, Luo L, Lu Y, Song C, Cheng D, Chen X, Li W, Ren Z, Wang J, Tian H, Zhang Z, Han G. Reversible magnetism transition at ferroelectric oxide heterointerface. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:2094-2099. [PMID: 36732962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxide heterointerface is a platform to create unprecedented two-dimensional electron gas, superconductivity and ferromagnetism, arising from a polar discontinuity at the interface. In particular, the ability to tune these intriguing effects paves a way to elucidate their fundamental physics and to develop novel electronic/magnetic devices. In this work, we report for the first time that a ferroelectric polarization screening at SrTiO3/PbTiO3 interface is able to drive an electronic construction of Ti atom, giving rise to room-temperature ferromagnetism. Surprisingly, such ferromagnetism can be switched to antiferromagnetism by applying a magnetic field, which is reversible. A coupling of itinerant electrons with local moments at interfacial Ti 3d orbital was proposed to explain the magnetism. The localization of the itinerant electrons under a magnetic field is responsible for the suppression of magnetism. These findings provide new insights into interfacial magnetism and their control by magnetic field relevant interfacial electrons promising for device applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center of Electron Microscope, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yunhao Lu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Di Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center of Electron Microscope, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhaohui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Jigang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory-USDOE, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center of Electron Microscope, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; Center of Electron Microscope, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Gaorong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Application, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Varadwaj PR, Marques HM. The Cs 2AgRhCl 6 Halide Double Perovskite: A Dynamically Stable Lead-Free Transition-Metal Driven Semiconducting Material for Optoelectronics. Front Chem 2020; 8:796. [PMID: 33195026 PMCID: PMC7655969 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A-Site doping with alkali ions, and/or metal substitution at the B and B'-sites, are among the key strategies in the innovative development of A 2BB'X6 halide double perovskite semiconducting materials for application in energy and device technologies. To this end, we have investigated an intriguing series of five halide-based non-toxic systems, A 2AgRhCl6 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs), using density functional theory at the SCAN-rVV10 level. The lattice stability and bonding properties emanating from this study of A 2AgRhCl6 matched well with those that have already been synthesized, characterized and discussed [viz. Cs2AgBiX6 (X = Cl, Br)]. Exploration of traditional and recently proposed tolerance factors has enabled us to identify A 2AgRhCl6 (A = K, Rb and Cs) as stable double perovskites. The band structure and density of states calculations suggested that the electronic transition from the top of the valence band [Cl(3p)+Rh(4d)] to the bottom of the conduction band [(Cl(3p)+Rh(4d)] is inherently direct at the X-point of the first Brillouin zone. The (non-spin polarized) bandgap of these materials was found in the range 0.57-0.65 eV with SCAN-rVV10, which were substantially smaller than those computed with hybrid HSE06 and PBE0, and quasi-particle GW methods. This, together with the appreciable refractive index and high absorption coefficient in the region covering the range 1.0-4.5 eV, enabled us to demonstrate that A 2AgRhCl6 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) are likely candidate materials for photoelectric applications. The results of our phonon calculations at the harmonic level suggested that the Cs2AgRhCl6 is the only system that is dynamically stable (no imaginary frequencies found around the high symmetry lines of the reciprocal lattice), although the elastic moduli properties suggested all five systems examined are mechanically stable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R. Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Helder M. Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li X, Yoshioka K, Zhang Q, Peraca NM, Katsutani F, Gao W, Noe GT, Watson JD, Manfra MJ, Katayama I, Takeda J, Kono J. Observation of Photoinduced Terahertz Gain in GaAs Quantum Wells: Evidence for Radiative Two-Exciton-to-Biexciton Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:167401. [PMID: 33124876 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We have observed photoinduced negative optical conductivity, or gain, in the terahertz frequency range in a GaAs multiple-quantum-well structure in a strong perpendicular magnetic field at low temperatures. The gain is narrow band: it appears as a sharp peak (linewidth <0.45 meV) whose frequency shifts with applied magnetic field. The gain has a circular-polarization selection rule: a strong line is observed for hole-cyclotron-resonance-active polarization. Furthermore, the gain appears only when the exciton 1s state is populated, which rules out intraexcitonic transitions to be its origin. Based on these observations, we propose a possible process in which the stimulated emission of a terahertz photon occurs while two free excitons scatter into one biexciton in an energy and angular-momentum conserving manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Katsumasa Yoshioka
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | - Fumiya Katsutani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Weilu Gao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - G Timothy Noe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - John D Watson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael J Manfra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ikufumi Katayama
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Takeda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Department of Material Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Burgos-Caminal A, Socie E, Bouduban MEF, Moser JE. Exciton and Carrier Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7692-7701. [PMID: 32841032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper hybrid lead halide perovskites have become a major topic in perovskite optoelectronics. Here, we aim to unravel the ultrafast dynamics governing the evolution of charge carriers and excitons in these materials. Using a combination of ultrabroadband time-resolved THz (TRTS) and fluorescence upconversion spectroscopies, we find that sequential carrier cooling and exciton formation best explain the observed dynamics, while exciton-exciton interactions play an important role in the form of Auger heating and biexciton formation. We show that the presence of a longer-lived population of carriers is due to the latter processes and not to a Mott transition. Therefore, excitons still dominate at laser excitation densities. We use kinetic modeling to compare the phenethylammonium and butylammonium organic cations while investigating the stability of the resulting films. In addition, we demonstrate the capability of using ultrabroadband TRTS to study excitons in large binding energy semiconductors through spectral analysis at room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Burgos-Caminal
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Socie
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marine E F Bouduban
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okochi H, Katsuki H, Tsubouchi M, Itakura R, Yanagi H. Photon Energy-Dependent Ultrafast Photoinduced Terahertz Response in a Microcrystalline Film of CH 3NH 3PbBr 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6068-6076. [PMID: 32635728 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved terahertz (THz) spectroscopy is applied for a microcrystalline film of methylammonium lead bromide perovskite, CH3NH3PbBr3, to observe the carrier dynamics around the band edge. The ultrafast response of the transmitted THz electric field amplitude after carrier generation is modeled with a biexponential curve with ∼5 and 180 ps time constants, which are ascribed to Auger and electron-hole recombination processes, respectively. From the pump photon energy dependence of the time evolution of the THz electric field amplitude, it is shown that the bound exciton states and free interband excited carrier states show a clearly different temporal response. These measurements support the idea that the bound excitons generated in CH3NH3PbBr3 remain as stable excitons even at room temperature (RT). This is in clear contrast to the cases in CH3NH3PbI3 in which the excitons and band-edge free carriers are interchangeable at RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Okochi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katsuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Photo-molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tsubouchi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa 619-0215, Japan
| | - Ryuji Itakura
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa 619-0215, Japan
| | - Hisao Yanagi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Folpini G, Gatto L, Cortecchia D, Devetta M, Crippa G, Vozzi C, Stagira S, Petrozza A, Cinquanta E. Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in quantum confined 2D perovskite. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:214705. [PMID: 32505161 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the charge carrier dynamics in 2D perovskite NBT2PbI4 by ultrafast optical pump-THz probe spectroscopy. We observed a few ps long relaxation dynamics that can be ascribed to the band to band carrier recombination, in the absence of any contribution from many-body and trap assisted processes. The transient conductivity spectra show that the polaron dynamics is strongly modulated by the presence of a rich exciton population. The polarization field resulting from the exciton formation acts as the source of a restoring force that localizes polarons. This is revealed by the presence of a negative imaginary conductivity. Our results show that the dynamics of excitons in 2D perovskites at room temperature can be detected by monitoring their effect on the conductivity of the photoinduced polaronic carrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Folpini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gatto
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Devetta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Gabriele Crippa
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Caterina Vozzi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Stagira
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Petrozza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Eugenio Cinquanta
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lacroix A, de Laissardière GT, Quémerais P, Julien JP, Mayou D. Modeling of Electronic Mobilities in Halide Perovskites: Adiabatic Quantum Localization Scenario. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:196601. [PMID: 32469540 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.196601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transport properties of MAPbI3 are analyzed within a tight-binding model. We find a strong Fröhlich interaction of electron and holes with the electrostatic potential induced by the longitudinal optical phonon modes. This potential induces a strong scattering and limits the electronic mobilities at room temperature to about 200 cm^{2}/V s. With additional extrinsic disorder, a large fraction of the electrons and holes are localized, but they can diffuse by following nearly adiabatically the evolution of the electrostatic potential. This process of diffusion, at a rate which is given by the lattice dynamics, contributes to the unique electronic properties of this material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Lacroix
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Guy Trambly de Laissardière
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique théorique et Modélisation, F-95302 Cergy-Pontoise, France
| | - Pascal Quémerais
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Julien
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Mayou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut NEEL, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu Z, Vaswani C, Yang X, Zhao X, Yao Y, Song Z, Cheng D, Shi Y, Luo L, Mudiyanselage DH, Huang C, Park JM, Kim RHJ, Zhao J, Yan Y, Ho KM, Wang J. Ultrafast Control of Excitonic Rashba Fine Structure by Phonon Coherence in the Metal Halide Perovskite CH_{3}NH_{3}PbI_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:157401. [PMID: 32357060 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.157401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We discover hidden Rashba fine structure in CH_{3}NH_{3}PbI_{3} and demonstrate its quantum control by vibrational coherence through symmetry-selective vibronic (electron-phonon) coupling. Above a critical threshold of a single-cycle terahertz pump field, a Raman phonon mode distinctly modulates the middle excitonic states with persistent coherence for more than ten times longer than the ones on two sides that predominately couple to infrared phonons. These vibronic quantum beats, together with first-principles modeling of phonon periodically modulated Rashba parameters, identify a threefold excitonic fine structure splitting, i.e., optically forbidden, degenerate dark states in between two bright ones with a narrow, ∼3 nm splitting. Harnessing of vibronic quantum coherence and symmetry inspires light-perovskite quantum control and sub-THz-cycle "Rashba engineering" of spin-split bands for ultimate multifunction device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Vaswani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - X Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - X Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Y Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Z Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - D Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Y Shi
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D-H Mudiyanselage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J-M Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R H J Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Zhao
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Y Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - K-M Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cheng D, Liu Z, Luo L, Vaswani C, Park JM, Yao Y, Song Z, Huang C, Mudiyanselage DH, Kim RHJ, Yan Y, Ho KM, Wang J. Helicity-dependent terahertz photocurrent and phonon dynamics in hybrid metal halide perovskites. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244706. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5127767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Z. Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - L. Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - C. Vaswani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J.-M. Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Y. Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Z. Song
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - C. Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - D.-H. Mudiyanselage
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - R. H. J. Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Y. Yan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - K.-M. Ho
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - J. Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boote BW, Andaraarachchi HP, Rosales BA, Blome‐Fernández R, Zhu F, Reichert MD, Santra K, Li J, Petrich JW, Vela J, Smith EA. Unveiling the Photo‐ and Thermal‐Stability of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2647-2656. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brett W. Boote
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| | - Himashi P. Andaraarachchi
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| | | | | | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
| | | | - Kalyan Santra
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| | - Jingzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| | - Jacob W. Petrich
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| | - Javier Vela
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| | - Emily A. Smith
- Department of Chemistry Iowa State University
- Ames Laboratory U.S. Department of Energy Ames, Iowa 50011-3111 United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhao D, Hu H, Haselsberger R, Marcus RA, Michel-Beyerle ME, Lam YM, Zhu JX, La-O-Vorakiat C, Beard MC, Chia EEM. Monitoring Electron-Phonon Interactions in Lead Halide Perovskites Using Time-Resolved THz Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8826-8835. [PMID: 31348643 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite semiconductors have low-frequency phonon modes within the lead halide sublattice and thus are considered to be soft. The soft lattice is considered to be important in defining their interesting optoelectronic properties. Electron-phonon coupling governs hot-carrier relaxation, carrier mobilities, carrier lifetimes, among other important electronic characteristics. Directly observing the interplay between free charge carriers and phonons can provide details on how phonons impact these properties (e.g., exciton populations and other collective modes). Here, we observe a delicate interplay among carriers, phonons, and excitons in mixed-cation and mixed-halide perovskite films by simultaneously resolving the contribution of charge carriers and phonons in time-resolved terahertz photoconductivity spectra. We are able to observe directly the increase in phonon population during carrier cooling and discuss how thermal equilibrium populations of carriers and phonons modulate the carrier transport properties, as well as reduce the population of carriers within band tails. We are also able to observe directly the formation of free charge carriers when excitons interact with phonons and dissociate and to describe how free carriers and exciton populations exchange through phonon interactions. Finally, we also time-resolve how the carriers are screened via the Coulomb interaction at low and room temperatures. Our studies shed light on how charge carriers interact with the low-energy phonons and discuss implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongwei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Reinhard Haselsberger
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Rudolph A Marcus
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
- Noyes Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Maria-Elisabeth Michel-Beyerle
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 639798 Singapore
| | - Jian-Xin Zhu
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | - Chan La-O-Vorakiat
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science , King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT) , Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
- Theoretical and Computational Science Center (TaCS) , KMUTT , Bangkok 10140 , Thailand
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Science Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Elbert E M Chia
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 637371 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Merkl P, Mooshammer F, Steinleitner P, Girnghuber A, Lin KQ, Nagler P, Holler J, Schüller C, Lupton JM, Korn T, Ovesen S, Brem S, Malic E, Huber R. Ultrafast transition between exciton phases in van der Waals heterostructures. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:691-696. [PMID: 30962556 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterostructures of atomically thin van der Waals bonded monolayers have opened a unique platform to engineer Coulomb correlations, shaping excitonic1-3, Mott insulating4 or superconducting phases5,6. In transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures7, electrons and holes residing in different monolayers can bind into spatially indirect excitons1,3,8-11 with a strong potential for optoelectronics11,12, valleytronics1,3,13, Bose condensation14, superfluidity14,15 and moiré-induced nanodot lattices16. Yet these ideas require a microscopic understanding of the formation, dissociation and thermalization dynamics of correlations including ultrafast phase transitions. Here we introduce a direct ultrafast access to Coulomb correlations between monolayers, where phase-locked mid-infrared pulses allow us to measure the binding energy of interlayer excitons in WSe2/WS2 hetero-bilayers by revealing a novel 1s-2p resonance, explained by a fully quantum mechanical model. Furthermore, we trace, with subcycle time resolution, the transformation of an exciton gas photogenerated in the WSe2 layer directly into interlayer excitons. Depending on the stacking angle, intra- and interlayer species coexist on picosecond scales and the 1s-2p resonance becomes renormalized. Our work provides a direct measurement of the binding energy of interlayer excitons and opens the possibility to trace and control correlations in novel artificial materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Merkl
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - F Mooshammer
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Steinleitner
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A Girnghuber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K-Q Lin
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Nagler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Holler
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Schüller
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J M Lupton
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Korn
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Ovesen
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Brem
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Malic
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - R Huber
- Department of Physics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang X, Luo L, Mootz M, Patz A, Bud'ko SL, Canfield PC, Perakis IE, Wang J. Nonequilibrium Pair Breaking in Ba(Fe_{1-x}Co_{x})_{2}As_{2} Superconductors: Evidence for Formation of a Photoinduced Excitonic State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:267001. [PMID: 30636131 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.267001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast terahertz (THz) pump-probe spectroscopy reveals an unusual out-of-equilibrium Cooper pair nonlinear dynamics and a nonequilibrium state driven by femtosecond (fs) photoexcitation of superconductivity (SC) in iron pnictides. Following fast SC quench via hot-phonon scattering, a second, abnormally slow (many hundreds of picoseconds), SC quench regime is observed prior to any recovery. Importantly, a nonlinear pump fluence dependence is identified for this remarkably long prebottleneck dynamics that are sensitive to both doping and temperature. Using quantum kinetic modeling we argue that the buildup of excitonic interpocket correlation between electron-hole (e-h) quasiparticles (QP) quenches SC after fs photoexcitation leading to a long-lived, many-QP excitonic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - L Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - M Mootz
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA
| | - A Patz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - S L Bud'ko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - P C Canfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - I E Perakis
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, USA
| | - J Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Ames Laboratory-U.S. DOE, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davies CL, Filip MR, Patel JB, Crothers TW, Verdi C, Wright AD, Milot RL, Giustino F, Johnston MB, Herz LM. Bimolecular recombination in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite is an inverse absorption process. Nat Commun 2018; 9:293. [PMID: 29348550 PMCID: PMC5773627 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photovoltaic devices based on metal halide perovskites are rapidly improving in efficiency. Once the Shockley–Queisser limit is reached, charge-carrier extraction will be limited only by radiative bimolecular recombination of electrons with holes. Yet, this fundamental process, and its link with material stoichiometry, is still poorly understood. Here we show that bimolecular charge-carrier recombination in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite can be fully explained as the inverse process of absorption. By correctly accounting for contributions to the absorption from excitons and electron-hole continuum states, we are able to utilise the van Roosbroeck–Shockley relation to determine bimolecular recombination rate constants from absorption spectra. We show that the sharpening of photon, electron and hole distribution functions significantly enhances bimolecular charge recombination as the temperature is lowered, mirroring trends in transient spectroscopy. Our findings provide vital understanding of band-to-band recombination processes in this hybrid perovskite, which comprise direct, fully radiative transitions between thermalized electrons and holes. Radiative bimolecular processes will dominate charge-carrier recombination in hybrid perovskite solar cells operating near the Shockley-Queisser limit. Here, the authors show that such processes are the inverse of absorption and increase as distribution functions sharpen towards lower temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Davies
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Marina R Filip
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Jay B Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Timothy W Crothers
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Carla Verdi
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Adam D Wright
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Rebecca L Milot
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Feliciano Giustino
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Frost JM, Whalley LD, Walsh A. Slow Cooling of Hot Polarons in Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2017; 2:2647-2652. [PMID: 29250603 PMCID: PMC5727468 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites show unusual thermalization kinetics for above-bandgap photoexcitation. We explain this as a consequence of excess energy being deposited into discrete large polaron states. The crossover between low-fluence and high-fluence "phonon bottleneck" cooling is due to a Mott transition where the polarons overlap (n ≥ 1018 cm-3) and the phonon subpopulations are shared. We calculate the initial rate of cooling (thermalization) from the scattering time in the Fröhlich polaron model to be 78 meV ps-1 for CH3NH3PbI3. This rapid initial thermalization involves heat transfer into optical phonon modes coupled by a polar dielectric interaction. Further cooling to equilibrium over hundreds of picoseconds is limited by the ultralow thermal conductivity of the perovskite lattice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jarvist Moore Frost
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Sustainable Chemical Technologies and Department of Chemistry, University of
Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- E-mail: (J.M.F.)
| | - Lucy D. Whalley
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- E-mail: (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pan A, Jurow M, Zhao Y, Qiu F, Liu Y, Yang J, Urban JJ, He L, Liu Y. Templated self-assembly of one-dimensional CsPbX 3 perovskite nanocrystal superlattices. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17688-17693. [PMID: 29119991 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06579e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ordered self-assembled arrays or superstructures of nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted intense research interest due to their ability to translate valuable nanoscale properties to larger length scales. Numerous techniques have been explored to induce self-assembly into various superstructures. Here we investigated a simple kinetic approach to form self-assembled one-dimensional perovskite CsPbX3 (X: halides) nanocrystal arrays templated inside a pod shaped inert lead sulfate (PbSO4) scaffold. Both the solvent effects, and the self-assembly process and mechanism, are systematically studied based on a uniform procedure developed to generate CsPbX3 nanocrystal superlattices with different sizes and compositions. The formation of one-dimensional (1D) chains of NCs within a half-cylindrical pod of PbSO4 reflects a balance between solvophobicity and solvophilicity of the components. By reducing the size of NCs, we successfully realized 2D superlattices with two or three rows of close-packed CsPbBr3 NCs, in addition to single string-of-pearl type 1D assemblies. The superlattices can be assembled both inside and outside of the half-cylindrical shells by regulating the reaction conditions. The self-assembly behavior is reminiscent of the host-guest systems of organic molecular species where supramolecular recognition rules apply to give well-defined complexes. The current study opens a door for controlling self-assembled nanostructures of CsPbX3 NCs, and provides an attainable platform for future optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aizhao Pan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xianning West Road, 28, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yamada Y, Yamada T, Kanemitsu Y. Free Carrier Radiative Recombination and Photon Recycling in Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cell Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Yamada
- Department of Physics, Chiba University, Inage, Chiba 263-8522
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011
| | | |
Collapse
|