1
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Fushitani M, Fujise H, Hishikawa A, You D, Saito S, Luo Y, Ueda K, Ibrahim H, Légaré F, Pratt ST, Eng-Johnsson P, Mauritsson J, Olofsson A, Peschel J, Simpson ER, Carpeggiani PA, Ertel D, Maroju PK, Moioli M, Sansone G, Shah R, Csizmadia T, Dumergue M, Nandiga Gopalakrishna H, Kühn S, Callegari C, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Raimondi L, Zangrando M, De Ninno G, Di Fraia M, Giannessi L, Plekan O, Rebernik Ribic P, Prince KC. Wave packet dynamics and control in excited states of molecular nitrogen. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104203. [PMID: 38469909 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Wave packet interferometry with vacuum ultraviolet light has been used to probe a complex region of the electronic spectrum of molecular nitrogen, N2. Wave packets of Rydberg and valence states were excited by using double pulses of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), free-electron-laser (FEL) light. These wave packets were composed of contributions from multiple electronic states with a moderate principal quantum number (n ∼ 4-9) and a range of vibrational and rotational quantum numbers. The phase relationship of the two FEL pulses varied in time, but as demonstrated previously, a shot-by-shot analysis allows the spectra to be sorted according to the phase between the two pulses. The wave packets were probed by angle-resolved photoionization using an infrared pulse with a variable delay after the pair of excitation pulses. The photoelectron branching fractions and angular distributions display oscillations that depend on both the time delays and the relative phases of the VUV pulses. The combination of frequency, time delay, and phase selection provides significant control over the ionization process and ultimately improves the ability to analyze and assign complex molecular spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Daehyun You
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Shu Saito
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Heide Ibrahim
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Francois Légaré
- INRS, Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, 1650 Bld. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Stephen T Pratt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Dominik Ertel
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Praveen Kumar Maroju
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Moioli
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ronak Shah
- Stefan-Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mathieu Dumergue
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Sergei Kühn
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, H-6728 Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Zangrando
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Ninno
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Primoz Rebernik Ribic
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
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2
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Hikosaka Y, Kaneyasu T, Wada S, Kohguchi H, Ota H, Nakamura E, Iwayama H, Fujimoto M, Hosaka M, Katoh M. Frequency-domain interferometry for the determination of time delay between two extreme-ultraviolet wave packets generated by a tandem undulator. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10292. [PMID: 37357245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37449-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation, emitted by relativistic electrons traveling in a magnetic field, has poor temporal coherence. However, recent research has proved that time-domain interferometry experiments, which were thought to be enabled by only lasers of excellent temporal coherence, can be implemented with synchrotron radiation using a tandem undulator. The radiation generated by the tandem undulator comprises pairs of light wave packets, and the longitudinal coherence within a light wave packet pair is used to achieve time-domain interferometry. The time delay between two light wave packets, formed by a chicane for the electron trajectory, can be adjusted in the femtosecond range by a standard synchrotron technology. In this study, we show that frequency-domain spectra of the tandem undulator radiation exhibit fringe structures from which the time delay between a light wave packet pair can be determined with accuracy on the order of attoseconds. The feasibility and limitations of the frequency-domain interferometric determination of the time delay are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hikosaka
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - T Kaneyasu
- SAGA Light Source, Tosu, 841-0005, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - S Wada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Kohguchi
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - H Ota
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - E Nakamura
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - H Iwayama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - M Hosaka
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - M Katoh
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-0046, Japan
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3
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Schwickert D, Ruberti M, Kolorenč P, Przystawik A, Skruszewicz S, Sumfleth M, Braune M, Bocklage L, Carretero L, Czwalinna MK, Diaman D, Düsterer S, Kuhlmann M, Palutke S, Röhlsberger R, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Toleikis S, Usenko S, Viefhaus J, Vorobiov A, Martins M, Kip D, Averbukh V, Marangos JP, Laarmann T. Charge-induced chemical dynamics in glycine probed with time-resolved Auger electron spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:064301. [PMID: 36389279 PMCID: PMC9646253 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present contribution, we use x-rays to monitor charge-induced chemical dynamics in the photoionized amino acid glycine with femtosecond time resolution. The outgoing photoelectron leaves behind the cation in a coherent superposition of quantum mechanical eigenstates. Delayed x-ray pulses track the induced coherence through resonant x-ray absorption that induces Auger decay. Temporal modulation of the Auger electron signal correlated with specific ions is observed, which is governed by the initial electronic coherence and subsequent vibronic coupling to nuclear degrees of freedom. In the time-resolved x-ray absorption measurement, we monitor the time-frequency spectra of the resulting many-body quantum wave packets for a period of 175 fs along different reaction coordinates. Our experiment proves that by measuring specific fragments associated with the glycine dication as a function of the pump-probe delay, one can selectively probe electronic coherences at early times associated with a few distinguishable components of the broad electronic wave packet created initially by the pump pulse in the cation. The corresponding coherent superpositions formed by subsets of electronic eigenstates and evolving along parallel dynamical pathways show different phases and time periods in the range of ( - 0.3 ± 0.1 ) π ≤ ϕ ≤ ( 0.1 ± 0.2 ) π and 18.2 - 1.4 + 1.7 ≤ T ≤ 23.9 - 1.1 + 1.2 fs. Furthermore, for long delays, the data allow us to pinpoint the driving vibrational modes of chemical dynamics mediating charge-induced bond cleavage along different reaction coordinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwickert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Přemysl Kolorenč
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Malte Sumfleth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luis Carretero
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Dian Diaman
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey Usenko
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton Vorobiov
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Kip
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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4
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Uhl D, Wituschek A, Michiels R, Trinter F, Jahnke T, Allaria E, Callegari C, Danailov M, Di Fraia M, Plekan O, Bangert U, Dulitz K, Landmesser F, Michelbach M, Simoncig A, Manfredda M, Spampinati S, Penco G, Squibb RJ, Feifel R, Laarmann T, Mudrich M, Prince KC, Cerullo G, Giannessi L, Stienkemeier F, Bruder L. Extreme Ultraviolet Wave Packet Interferometry of the Autoionizing HeNe Dimer. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:8470-8476. [PMID: 36054027 PMCID: PMC9486932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond extreme ultraviolet wave packet interferometry (XUV-WPI) was applied to study resonant interatomic Coulombic decay (ICD) in the HeNe dimer. The high demands on phase stability and sensitivity for vibronic XUV-WPI of molecular-beam targets are met using an XUV phase-cycling scheme. The detected quantum interferences exhibit vibronic dephasing and rephasing signatures along with an ultrafast decoherence assigned to the ICD process. A Fourier analysis reveals the molecular absorption spectrum with high resolution. The demonstrated experiment shows a promising route for the real-time analysis of ultrafast ICD processes with both high temporal and high spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uhl
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wituschek
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Michiels
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Trinter
- Institut
für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Molecular
Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Jahnke
- Institut
für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- European
XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miltcho Danailov
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Di Fraia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ulrich Bangert
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Dulitz
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedemann Landmesser
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Michelbach
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Manfredda
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Spampinati
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penco
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard James Squibb
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6 B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Raimund Feifel
- Department
of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6 B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg
Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Mudrich
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR
and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico
di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste S.C.p.A., 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori
Nazionali di Frascati, Via E. Fermi 40, 00044 Frascati, Roma
| | - Frank Stienkemeier
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Bruder
- Institute
of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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5
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Schwickert D, Ruberti M, Kolorenč P, Usenko S, Przystawik A, Baev K, Baev I, Braune M, Bocklage L, Czwalinna MK, Deinert S, Düsterer S, Hans A, Hartmann G, Haunhorst C, Kuhlmann M, Palutke S, Röhlsberger R, Rönsch-Schulenburg J, Schmidt P, Toleikis S, Viefhaus J, Martins M, Knie A, Kip D, Averbukh V, Marangos JP, Laarmann T. Electronic quantum coherence in glycine molecules probed with ultrashort x-ray pulses in real time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn6848. [PMID: 35648864 PMCID: PMC9159702 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn6848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we use x-rays to create and probe quantum coherence in the photoionized amino acid glycine. The outgoing photoelectron leaves behind the cation in a coherent superposition of quantum mechanical eigenstates. Delayed x-ray pulses track the induced coherence through resonant x-ray absorption that induces Auger decay and by photoelectron emission from sequential double photoionization. Sinusoidal temporal modulation of the detected signal at early times (0 to 25 fs) is observed in both measurements. Advanced ab initio many-electron simulations allow us to explain the first 25 fs of the detected coherent quantum evolution in terms of the electronic coherence. In the kinematically complete x-ray absorption measurement, we monitor its dynamics for a period of 175 fs and observe an evolving modulation that may implicate the coupling of electronic to vibronic coherence at longer time scales. Our experiment provides a direct support for the existence of long-lived electronic coherence in photoionized biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwickert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Ruberti
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Přemysl Kolorenč
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holesovickach 2, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Usenko
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Przystawik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karolin Baev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan Baev
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Bocklage
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Deinert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hans
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Gregor Hartmann
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Christian Haunhorst
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marion Kuhlmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Palutke
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Röhlsberger
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research (GSI), Planckstr. 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Schmidt
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Sven Toleikis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Viefhaus
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Martins
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Knie
- Institute of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Detlef Kip
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vitali Averbukh
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Jon P. Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tim Laarmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Skruszewicz S, Przystawik A, Schwickert D, Sumfleth M, Namboodiri M, Hilbert V, Klas R, Gierschke P, Schuster V, Vorobiov A, Haunhorst C, Kip D, Limpert J, Rothhardt J, Laarmann T. Table-top interferometry on extreme time and wavelength scales. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:40333-40344. [PMID: 34809377 DOI: 10.1364/oe.446563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-pulse metrology and dynamic studies in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range greatly benefit from interferometric measurements. In this contribution a Michelson-type all-reflective split-and-delay autocorrelator operating in a quasi amplitude splitting mode is presented. The autocorrelator works under a grazing incidence angle in a broad spectral range (10 nm - 1 μm) providing collinear propagation of both pulse replicas and thus a constant phase difference across the beam profile. The compact instrument allows for XUV pulse autocorrelation measurements in the time domain with a single-digit attosecond precision and a useful scan length of about 1 ps enabling a decent resolution of E/ΔE = 2000 at 26.6 eV. Its performance for selected spectroscopic applications requiring moderate resolution at short wavelengths is demonstrated by characterizing a sharp electronic transition at 26.6 eV in Ar gas. The absorption of the 11th harmonic of a frequency-doubled Yb-fiber laser leads to the well-known 3s3p64p1P1 Fano resonance of Ar atoms. We benchmark our time-domain interferometry results with a high-resolution XUV grating spectrometer and find an excellent agreement. The common-path interferometer opens up new opportunities for short-wavelength femtosecond and attosecond pulse metrology and dynamic studies on extreme time scales in various research fields.
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7
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Wituschek A, Bruder L, Allaria E, Bangert U, Binz M, Callegari C, Cinquegrana P, Danailov M, Demidovich A, Di Fraia M, Feifel R, Laarmann T, Michiels R, Mudrich M, Nikolov I, Piseri P, Plekan O, Charles Prince K, Przystawik A, Rebernic Ribič P, Sigalotti P, Stranges S, Uhl D, Giannessi L, Stienkemeier F. High-gain harmonic generation with temporally overlapping seed pulses and application to ultrafast spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:29976-29990. [PMID: 33114885 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collinear double-pulse seeding of the High-Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) process in a free-electron laser (FEL) is a promising approach to facilitate various coherent nonlinear spectroscopy schemes in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. However, in collinear arrangements using a single nonlinear medium, temporally overlapping seed pulses may introduce nonlinear mixing signals that compromise the experiment at short time delays. Here, we investigate these effects in detail by extending the analysis described in a recent publication (Wituschek et al., Nat. Commun., 11, 883, 2020). High-order fringe-resolved autocorrelation and wave packet interferometry experiments at photon energies > 23 eV are performed, accompanied by numerical simulations. It turns out that both the autocorrelation and the wave-packet interferometry data are very sensitive to saturation effects and can thus be used to characterize saturation in the HGHG process. Our results further imply that time-resolved spectroscopy experiments are feasible even for time delays smaller than the seed pulse duration.
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8
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Camper A. High complexity femtosecond pulse duplicator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:22247-22254. [PMID: 32752489 DOI: 10.1364/oe.398627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical and numerical study of a 0-π fan-out phase grating placed in the Fourier plane of a spatio-spectral pulse shaper followed by a spherical focusing lens. It is shown that this device acts as a high complexity femtosecond pulse duplicator designed for two source interferometry. At the focus of the lens, the electric field displays two spatially separated intense spots in which relative delay can be continuously tuned over 4 orders of magnitude, typically from a few attoseconds to a few tens of femtoseconds. Because the two pulses do not spatially overlap, their intensity remains unchanged when the relative delay is smaller than the pulse duration. Detailed simulations of the shaped electric field are presented.
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9
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Tracking attosecond electronic coherences using phase-manipulated extreme ultraviolet pulses. Nat Commun 2020; 11:883. [PMID: 32060288 PMCID: PMC7021897 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of ultrafast extreme ultraviolet (XUV) coherent light sources bears great potential for a better understanding of the structure and dynamics of matter. Promising routes are advanced coherent control and nonlinear spectroscopy schemes in the XUV energy range, yielding unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. However, their implementation has been hampered by the experimental challenge of generating XUV pulse sequences with precisely controlled timing and phase properties. In particular, direct control and manipulation of the phase of individual pulses within an XUV pulse sequence opens exciting possibilities for coherent control and multidimensional spectroscopy, but has not been accomplished. Here, we overcome these constraints in a highly time-stabilized and phase-modulated XUV-pump, XUV-probe experiment, which directly probes the evolution and dephasing of an inner subshell electronic coherence. This approach, avoiding any XUV optics for direct pulse manipulation, opens up extensive applications of advanced nonlinear optics and spectroscopy at XUV wavelengths.
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10
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Kaneyasu T, Hikosaka Y, Fujimoto M, Iwayama H, Katoh M. Controlling the Orbital Alignment in Atoms Using Cross-Circularly Polarized Extreme Ultraviolet Wave Packets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233401. [PMID: 31868498 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of pairs of 10-cycle extreme ultraviolet wave packets with attosecond-controlled spacing emitted by individual relativistic electrons within an electron bunch passing through a tandem undulator. Based on the temporal coherent control technique with circular polarization, we succeeded in controlling the excited state alignment in the photoexcitation of helium atoms, which we verified through the observation of oscillation in fluorescence yield depending on the attosecond-controlled delay time. Our work demonstrates the potential of undulator radiation for the generation of longitudinally coherent wave packets suitable for attosecond coherent control, an application which has hitherto been hidden in the incoherent nature of the radiation pulse emitted by a bunch of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaneyasu
- SAGA Light Source, Tosu 841-0005, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Y Hikosaka
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - M Fujimoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - H Iwayama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - M Katoh
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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11
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Ding T, Rebholz M, Aufleger L, Hartmann M, Meyer K, Stooß V, Magunia A, Wachs D, Birk P, Mi Y, Borisova GD, Castanheira CDC, Rupprecht P, Loh ZH, Attar AR, Gaumnitz T, Roling S, Butz M, Zacharias H, Düsterer S, Treusch R, Cavaletto SM, Ott C, Pfeifer T. Nonlinear Coherence Effects in Transient-Absorption Ion Spectroscopy with Stochastic Extreme-Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:103001. [PMID: 31573300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy on multiply charged ions, here applied to the doubly charged neon ion, driven by a phase-locked sequence of two intense free-electron laser pulses. Absorption signatures of resonance lines due to 2p-3d bound-bound transitions between the spin-orbit multiplets ^{3}P_{0,1,2} and ^{3}D_{1,2,3} of the transiently produced doubly charged Ne^{2+} ion are revealed, with time-dependent spectral changes over a time-delay range of (2.4±0.3) fs. Furthermore, we observe 10-meV-scale spectral shifts of these resonances owing to the ac Stark effect. We use a time-dependent quantum model to explain the observations by an enhanced coupling of the ionic quantum states with the partially coherent free-electron laser radiation when the phase-locked pump and probe pulses precisely overlap in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ding
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Rebholz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lennart Aufleger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Veit Stooß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Magunia
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Wachs
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Birk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yonghao Mi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrick Rupprecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Heng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Andrew R Attar
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Gaumnitz
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Roling
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marco Butz
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Helmut Zacharias
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Busso-Peus-Straße 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Pan R, Zapolnova E, Golz T, Krmpot AJ, Rabasovic MD, Petrovic J, Asgekar V, Faatz B, Tavella F, Perucchi A, Kovalev S, Green B, Geloni G, Tanikawa T, Yurkov M, Schneidmiller E, Gensch M, Stojanovic N. Photon diagnostics at the FLASH THz beamline. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:700-707. [PMID: 31074433 PMCID: PMC6510192 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The THz beamline at FLASH, DESY, provides both tunable (1-300 THz) narrow-bandwidth (∼10%) and broad-bandwidth intense (up to 150 uJ) THz pulses delivered in 1 MHz bursts and naturally synchronized with free-electron laser X-ray pulses. Combination of these pulses, along with the auxiliary NIR and VIS ultrashort lasers, supports a plethora of dynamic investigations in physics, material science and biology. The unique features of the FLASH THz pulses and the accelerator source, however, bring along a set of challenges in the diagnostics of their key parameters: pulse energy, spectral, temporal and spatial profiles. Here, these challenges are discussed and the pulse diagnostic tools developed at FLASH are presented. In particular, a radiometric power measurement is presented that enables the derivation of the average pulse energy within a pulse burst across the spectral range, jitter-corrected electro-optical sampling for the full spectro-temporal pulse characterization, spatial beam profiling along the beam transport line and at the sample, and a lamellar grating based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for the on-line assessment of the average THz pulse spectra. Corresponding measurement results provide a comprehensive insight into the THz beamline capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Zapolnova
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Golz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Jovana Petrovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vivek Asgekar
- Department of Physics, S. P. Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Bart Faatz
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Tavella
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Andrea Perucchi
- Elettra – Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergey Kovalev
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bertram Green
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Mikhail Yurkov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny Schneidmiller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Gensch
- German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Optical Sensor Systems, Rutherfordstraße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17 Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikola Stojanovic
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Schmid G, Schnorr K, Augustin S, Meister S, Lindenblatt H, Trost F, Liu Y, Braune M, Treusch R, Schröter CD, Pfeifer T, Moshammer R. Reaction microscope endstation at FLASH2. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:854-867. [PMID: 31074450 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519002236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A reaction microscope dedicated to multi-particle coincidence spectroscopy on gas-phase samples is installed at beamline FL26 of the free-electron laser FLASH2 in Hamburg. The main goals of the instrument are to follow the dynamics of atoms, molecules and small clusters on their natural time-scale and to study non-linear light-matter interaction with such systems. To this end, the reaction microscope is combined with an in-line extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) split-delay and focusing optics, which allows time-resolved XUV-XUV pump-probe spectroscopy to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schmid
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Schnorr
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Augustin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Severin Meister
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Lindenblatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Trost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yifan Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Braune
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Treusch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Moshammer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Lazzarino LL, Kazemi MM, Haunhorst C, Becker C, Hartwell S, Jakob MA, Przystawik A, Usenko S, Kip D, Hartl I, Laarmann T. Shaping femtosecond laser pulses at short wavelength with grazing-incidence optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:13479-13491. [PMID: 31052869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.013479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse shaper relying on reflective optics. The instrument will allow tailoring of the time-frequency spectrum of femtosecond pulses generated by seeded free-electron lasers (FEL) and high-harmonic generation (HHG) sources down to a central wavelength of ~15 nm. The device is based on the geometry of a 4f grating compressor that is a standard concept in ultrafast laser science and technology. We apply it to shorter wavelengths using grazing-incidence optics operated under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The design blaze angle and the line density of the gratings allow the manipulation of all different harmonics typical for seeded FEL and HHG photon sources without the need of realignment of the instrument and even simultaneously in multi-color experiments. A proof-of-principle pulse shaping experiment using 266 nm laser light has been performed, demonstrating relative phase-control of femtosecond UV pulses.
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15
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Gorobtsov OY, Mercurio G, Capotondi F, Skopintsev P, Lazarev S, Zaluzhnyy IA, Danailov MB, Dell'Angela M, Manfredda M, Pedersoli E, Giannessi L, Kiskinova M, Prince KC, Wurth W, Vartanyants IA. Seeded X-ray free-electron laser generating radiation with laser statistical properties. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4498. [PMID: 30374062 PMCID: PMC6206026 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The invention of optical lasers led to a revolution in the field of optics and to the creation of such fields of research as quantum optics. The reason was their unique statistical and coherence properties. The emerging, short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) are sources of very bright coherent extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray radiation with pulse durations on the order of femtoseconds, and are presently considered to be laser sources at these energies. FELs are highly spatially coherent to the first-order but in spite of their name, behave statistically as chaotic sources. Here, we demonstrate experimentally, by combining Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry with spectral measurements that the seeded XUV FERMI FEL-2 source does indeed behave statistically as a laser. The results may be useful for quantum optics experiments and for the design and operation of next generation FEL sources. Free electron lasers are emerging as important tools for nonlinear spectroscopy in the X-ray regime. Here the authors demonstrate the second order coherence of a seeded FEL source that may be useful for measurements in quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Yu Gorobtsov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Giuseppe Mercurio
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Petr Skopintsev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Laboratory for Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI Aarebrucke, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sergey Lazarev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU), pr. Lenina 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy.,ENEA C.R. Frascati, Via E. Fermi 45, 00044, Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - Maya Kiskinova
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza (Trieste), Italy.,Molecular Model Discovery Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Wilfried Wurth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chausse 149, D-22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe shosse 31, 115409, Moscow, Russia.
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16
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Giannessi L, Allaria E, Prince KC, Callegari C, Sansone G, Ueda K, Morishita T, Liu CN, Grum-Grzhimailo AN, Gryzlova EV, Douguet N, Bartschat K. Coherent control schemes for the photoionization of neon and helium in the Extreme Ultraviolet spectral region. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7774. [PMID: 29773811 PMCID: PMC5958097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The seeded Free-Electron Laser (FEL) FERMI is the first source of short-wavelength light possessing the full coherence of optical lasers, together with the extreme power available from FELs. FERMI provides longitudinally coherent radiation in the Extreme Ultraviolet and soft x-ray spectral regions, and therefore opens up wide new fields of investigation in physics. We first propose experiments exploiting this property to provide coherent control of the photoionization of neon and helium, carry out numerical calculations to find optimum experimental parameters, and then describe how these experiments may be realized. The approach uses bichromatic illumination of a target and measurement of the products of the interaction, analogous to previous Brumer-Shapiro-type experiments in the optical spectral range. We describe operational schemes for the FERMI FEL, and simulate the conditions necessary to produce light at the fundamental and second or third harmonic frequencies, and to control the phase with respect to the fundamental. We conclude that a quantitative description of the phenomena is extremely challenging for present state-of-the-art theoretical and computational methods, and further development is necessary. Furthermore, the intensity available may already be excessive for the experiments proposed on helium. Perspectives for further development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.,ENEA C.R. Frascati, 00044, Frascati, Italy
| | - Enrico Allaria
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sansone
- Dipartimento di Fisica, CNR-IFN, Politecnico di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Physikalisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Toru Morishita
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Chien Nan Liu
- Department of Physics, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Alexei N Grum-Grzhimailo
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena V Gryzlova
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Nicolas Douguet
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, 50311, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA
| | - Klaus Bartschat
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa, 50311, USA
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17
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Split-And-Delay Unit for FEL Interferometry in the XUV Spectral Range. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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