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Ghodki N, Jha S, Alla SS, Yang YC, Pharr GM, Mukherjee S. Deformation behavior of thermally rejuvenated Zr-Cu-Al-(Ti) bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20729. [PMID: 39251740 PMCID: PMC11385190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The deformation behavior of metallic glasses has been shown in prior studies to be often dependent on its structural state, namely higher energy "rejuvenated" state versus lower energy "relaxed" state. Here, the deformation behavior of thermally rejuvenated Zr-Cu-Al-(Ti) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was evaluated. Rejuvenation was achieved by cryogenic thermal cycling with increase of free volume measured in terms of enthalpy of relaxation. Hardness, stiffness, and yield strength of the BMGs were all found to decrease while plasticity increased after rejuvenation. More free volume in the rejuvenated BMG resulted in homogeneous plastic deformation as was evident from the high strain rate sensitivity and more pronounced shear band multiplication during uniaxial compression. Shear transformation zone (STZ) volume was calculated by cooperative shear model and correlated well with the change in structural state after rejuvenation. The enhanced plasticity with the addition of 1 at. % Ti as well as after cryogenic thermal cycling was explained by lower activation energy for shear flow initiation due to increased heterogeneity induced in the system. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that the variation in plastic deformation behavior is correlated with local atomic structure changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Ghodki
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Shristy Jha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Siva Shankar Alla
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Yu-Chia Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - George M Pharr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Sundeep Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA.
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2
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Li T, Li N, Yu T, Zheng G. The Modulation of Compositional Heterogeneity for Controlling Shear Banding in Co-P Metallic Nanoglasses. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:993. [PMID: 38921869 PMCID: PMC11206517 DOI: 10.3390/nano14120993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Shear banding is much dependent on the glass-glass interfaces (GGIs) in metallic nanoglasses (NGs). Nevertheless, the current understanding of the glass phase of GGIs is not well established for controlling the shear banding in NGs. In this study, Co-P NGs are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the phenomenon of elemental segregation in the GGI regions where the content of Co is dominant. Specifically, Co segregation results in the formation of GGIs, whose atomic structures are comparatively less dense than those present in the interiors of glassy grains. It is suggested that the Co segregation significantly reduces the shear resistance of GGIs. Thus, such compositional heterogeneity influences the mechanical properties of Co-P NGs. Particularly, shear banding is much altered through enhancing the Co segregation in the GGI regions, which leads to improvements in the ductility of Co-P NGs. This study advances knowledge of the formation of the GGI phase in NGs, which could enable GGI engineering in enhancing the mechanical properties of NGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- CDGM Glass Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610199, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Nana Li
- CDGM Glass Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610199, China
| | - Tianlai Yu
- CDGM Glass Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610199, China
- Chengdu Guangming Paite Precious Metal Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610199, China
| | - Guangping Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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3
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Shao L, Luo Q, Zhang M, Xue L, Cui J, Yang Q, Ke H, Zhang Y, Shen B, Wang W. Dual-phase nano-glass-hydrides overcome the strength-ductility trade-off and magnetocaloric bottlenecks of rare earth based amorphous alloys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4159. [PMID: 38755225 PMCID: PMC11099109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal-hydrogen systems have attracted intense interest for diverse energy-related applications. However, metals usually reduce their ductility after hydrogenation. Here, we show that hydrogen can take the form of nano-sized ordered hydrides (NOH) homogeneously dispersed in a stable glassy shell, leading to remarkable enhancement in both strength and ductility. The yield strength is enhanced by 44% and the plastic strain is substantially improved from almost zero to over 70%, which is attributed to the created NOH and their interplay with the glassy shell. Moreover, the hydride-glass composite GdCoAlH possesses a giant magnetic entropy change (-ΔSM) of 18.7 J kg-1K-1 under a field change of 5 T, which is 105.5% larger than the hydrogen-free sample and is the largest value among amorphous alloys and related composites. The prominent ΔSM-ductility combination overcomes the bottlenecks of amorphous alloys as magnetic refrigerants. These results provide a promising strategy for property breakthrough of structural-functional alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliang Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Lin Xue
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Jingxian Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Qianzi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Haibo Ke
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Baolong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Weihua Wang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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Zhang Z, Zhang S, Wang Q, Lu A, Chen Z, Yang Z, Luan J, Su R, Guan P, Yang Y. Intrinsic tensile ductility in strain hardening multiprincipal element metallic glass. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400200121. [PMID: 38662550 PMCID: PMC11067058 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional metallic glasses (MGs), based on one or two principal elements, are notoriously known for their lack of tensile ductility at room temperature. Here, we developed a multiprincipal element MG (MPEMG), which exhibits a gigapascal yield strength, significant strain hardening that almost doubles its yield strength, and 2% uniform tensile ductility at room temperature. These remarkable properties stem from the heterogeneous amorphous structure of our MPEMG, which is composed of atoms with significant size mismatch but similar atomic fractions. In sharp contrast to traditional MGs, shear banding in our glass triggers local elemental segregation and subsequent ordering, which transforms shear softening to hardening, hence resulting in shear-band self-halting and extensive plastic flows. Our findings reveal a promising pathway to design stronger, more ductile glasses that can be applied in a wide range of technological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials, Shanghai University, Shanghai200444, People’s Republic of China
| | - Anliang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhua Luan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Su
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
- College of Materials & Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou310018, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong999077, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Zheng Y, Hamed M, De-la-Torre GE, Frias J, Jong MC, Kolandhasamy P, Chavanich S, Su L, Deng H, Zhao W, Shi H. Holes on surfaces of the weathered plastic fragments from coastal beaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115180. [PMID: 37352798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphology of weathered plastics undergoes a variety of changes. In this study, 3950 plastic fragments from 26 beaches around the world, were assessed to identify holes. Holes were identified on 123 fragments on 20 beaches, with the highest frequency (10.3 %) being identified at Qesm AL Gomrok Beach in Egypt. The distribution of holes could be divided into even, single-sided, and random types. The external and internal holes were similar in size (37 ± 15 μm) of even type fragments. The external holes were larger than the internal holes in single-sided (516 ± 259 μm and 383 ± 161 μm) and random (588 ± 262 μm and 454 ± 210 μm) fragment types. The external hole sizes were positively correlated with the internal hole sizes for each type. This study reports a novel deformation phenomenon on the surface of weathered plastics and highlights their potential effects on plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación de Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Sociedad, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - João Frias
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Atlantic Technological University (ATU), Galway Campus, Dublin Road, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Prabhu Kolandhasamy
- Departmet of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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6
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Rezvan A, Sharifikolouei E, Lassnig A, Soprunyuk V, Gammer C, Spieckermann F, Schranz W, Najmi Z, Cochis A, Scalia AC, Rimondini L, Manfredi M, Eckert J, Sarac B. Antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility, and thermomechanical stability of Ti 40Zr 10Cu 36Pd 14 bulk metallic glass. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100378. [PMID: 36039102 PMCID: PMC9418555 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper envisions Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14 bulk metallic glass as an oral implant material and evaluates its antibacterial performance in the inhabitation of oral biofilm formation in comparison with the gold standard Ti-6Al-4V implant material. Metallic glasses are superior in terms of biocorrosion and have a reduced stress shielding effect compared with their crystalline counterparts. Dynamic mechanical and thermal expansion analyses on Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14 show that these materials can be thermomechanically shaped into implants. Static water contact angle measurement on samples' surface shows an increased surface wettability on the Ti-6Al-4V surface after 48 h incubation in the water while the contact angle remains constant for Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14. Further, high-resolution transmission and scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis have revealed that Ti40Zr10Cu36Pd14 interior is fully amorphous, while a 15 nm surface oxide is formed on its surface and assigned as copper oxide. Unlike titanium oxide formed on Ti-6Al-4V, copper oxide is hydrophobic, and its formation reduces surface wettability. Further surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of copper oxide on the surface. Metallic glasses cytocompatibility was first demonstrated towards human gingival fibroblasts, and then the antibacterial properties were verified towards the oral pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans responsible for oral biofilm formation. After 24 h of direct infection, metallic glasses reported a >70% reduction of bacteria viability and the number of viable colonies was reduced by ∼8 times, as shown by the colony-forming unit count. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent images confirmed the lower surface colonization of metallic glasses in comparison with controls. Finally, oral biofilm obtained from healthy volunteers was cultivated onto specimens' surface, and proteomics was applied to study the surface property impact on species composition within the oral plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Rezvan
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
- Department of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Elham Sharifikolouei
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129, Turin (TO), Italy
| | - Alice Lassnig
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Viktor Soprunyuk
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Physics of Functional Materials, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Gammer
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Florian Spieckermann
- Department of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Wilfried Schranz
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Physics of Functional Materials, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ziba Najmi
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases − CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara (NO), Italy
| | - Andrea Cochis
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases − CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara (NO), Italy
| | - Alessandro Calogero Scalia
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases − CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara (NO), Italy
| | - Lia Rimondini
- Department of Health Sciences, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases − CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara (NO), Italy
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease – CAAD, Università Del Piemonte Orientale UPO, Corso Trieste 15/A, 28100, Novara (NO), Italy
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
- Department of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-8700, Leoben, Austria
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7
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Sarac B, Ivanov YP, Micusik M, Omastova M, Sarac AS, Bazlov AI, Zadorozhnyy V, Greer AL, Eckert J. Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction of Zr-Cu-Ni-Al Metallic Glass with an Oxide Layer in Alkaline Media. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Yurii P. Ivanov
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Matej Micusik
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravsa cesta 9, Bratislava 84541, Slovakia
| | - Maria Omastova
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravsa cesta 9, Bratislava 84541, Slovakia
| | - A. Sezai Sarac
- Polymer Science and Technology, Nanoscience & Nanoengineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrey I. Bazlov
- National University of Science and Technology ≪MISIS≫, Leninsky prosp., 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav Zadorozhnyy
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- National University of Science and Technology ≪MISIS≫, Leninsky prosp., 4, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. Lindsay Greer
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria
- Department of Materials Science, Chair of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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8
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Fabrication of stainless-steel microfibers with amorphous-nanosized microstructure with enhanced mechanical properties. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10784. [PMID: 35750707 PMCID: PMC9232582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic glasses (MG) have attracted much attention due to their superior hardness and good corrosion resistance. However, designing new MG compositions is still a big challenge, and their integration into different systems is limited when they are in the shape of bulk materials. Here, we present a new method for the fabrication of MG in the form of microfibers which could greatly help them to be integrated within different systems. The newly proposed technique has the ability to form MG structure from commercially available alloy compositions thanks to its significantly improved quenching rate(~ 108 K.s-1). In this technique, individual melt droplets are ejected on a rotating wheel forming a thin film which are ruptured upon solidification leading to the formation of MG microfibers. In this regard, we have fabricated microfibers from a commercial DIN 1.4401 stainless-steel which could form a completely amorphous structure confirmed by DSC, XRD, and HRTEM. The fabricated MG microfibers show an increased hardness for more than two-fold from 3.5 ± 0.17 GPa for the as-received stainless-steel to 7.77 ± 0.60 GPa for the amorphous microfibers. Subsequent heat-treatment of the microfibers resulted in a nanocrystalline structure with the presence of amorphous regions when the hardness increases even further to 13.5 ± 2.0 GPa. We propose that confinement of both shear transformation zones and dislocations in the heat-treated MG microfibers plays a major role in enhancing strength.
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9
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Zhang Y, Su L, Xu J, Hu Y, Liu X, Ding S, Li J, Xia R. Molecular dynamics simulations of cold welding of nanoporous amorphous alloys: effects of welding conditions and microstructures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25462-25479. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03624j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cold welding behaviors of nanoporous amorphous alloys investigated by molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lei Su
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yiqun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiuming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Suhang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiejie Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Re Xia
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Machinery Transients (Wuhan University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430072, China
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10
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Bernard C, Keryvin V. Crystalline defects in bulk metallic glasses: consequences on fracture toughness determination and ductility. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:483001. [PMID: 32726754 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abaa7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dating back to the late 1980s, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are relatively new materials that exhibit exceptional mechanical properties (strength, hardness, fracture toughness, stored elastic energy …), compared to those of most crystalline metallic alloys. Their apparent brittleness under uniaxial loading, however, is still a major obstacle to their industrialization. Moreover, BMGs often contain crystalline defects developed, intentionally or not, during their complex and delicate elaboration. These flaws are known to affect their fracture toughness and their plastic behavior. This paper reviews twenty years of works about this subject on Zr-based BMGs that may contain a low volume fraction of crystalline defects of different natures, e.g. dendrites or spherulites, depending on the synthesis method. Dedicated experimental set-ups, mainly bending tests on notched beams, were developed to create in the specimen a proper pre-crack by fatigue and then load it monotonically up to fracture. The measured fracture toughness and the fractographic observations allow to conclude that these crystalline defects facilitate pre-cracking, but result in an embrittlement that is more or less significant depending on their type. The loading mode of the crack - mode I, II or mixed - as well as the temperature were shown to play a key role in crack initiation and propagation, whether steadily or catastrophically, in the BMG. By means of finite element computations analyses, explanations on how the crystalline flaws presence can affect fracture toughness and perturbate crack growth, under mode I and mode II, were proposed. Finally, the relevance of these experimental techniques as well as the link between crystalline defects, fracture toughness and their consequences on the ductility of a structural component are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bernard
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, F-56100 Lorient, France
| | - V Keryvin
- Univ. Bretagne Sud, UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, F-56100 Lorient, France
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11
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Xian H, Liu M, Wang X, Ye F, Wen P, Bai H, Liu Y, Wang W. Flexible and stretchable metallic glass micro- and nano-structures of tunable properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:085705. [PMID: 30523953 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaf538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable nanostructures have broad technological applications. Although nanostructures synthesized with metallic glasses, the alloys being of amorphous atomic structure, exhibit superior properties, they are typically too rigid to be used as flexible materials with existing synthesis techniques. In this study we report periodic and crumpled metallic glass nanostructures that can accommodate a large amount of stretching. We demonstrate that their morphologies and characteristic length scale can be well controlled, and that feature sizes as small as ∼200 nm can be readily achieved. With their integrity maintained, the nanostructures can be stretched to a strain of ∼100%, leading to broadly tunable properties. The approach is not limited to specific metallic glasses, but is applicable to a wide range of glass-forming alloys. This not only enables metallic glasses to be used under extreme stretching conditions, but also helps in the exploration of new functionalities of glassy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijie Xian
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sarac B, Ivanov YP, Chuvilin A, Schöberl T, Stoica M, Zhang Z, Eckert J. Origin of large plasticity and multiscale effects in iron-based metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1333. [PMID: 29626189 PMCID: PMC5889395 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The large plasticity observed in newly developed monolithic bulk metallic glasses under quasi-static compression raises a question about the contribution of atomic scale effects. Here, nanocrystals on the order of 1–1.5 nm in size are observed within an Fe-based bulk metallic glass using aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The accumulation of nanocrystals is linked to the presence of hard and soft zones, which is connected to the micro-scale hardness and elastic modulus confirmed by nanoindentation. Furthermore, we performed systematic simulations of HRTEM images at varying sample thicknesses, and established a theoretical model for the estimation of the shear transformation zone size. The findings suggest that the main mechanism behind the formation of softer regions are the homogenously dispersed nanocrystals, which are responsible for the start and stop mechanism of shear transformation zones and hence, play a key role in the enhancement of mechanical properties. Iron-based bulk metallic glasses are remarkably plastic, but the origin of their plasticity remains challenging to isolate. Here, the authors use high resolution microscopy to show that nanocrystals are dispersed within the glass and form hard and soft zones that are responsible for enhancing ductility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baran Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Yurii P Ivanov
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia
| | - Andrey Chuvilin
- CIC nanoGUNE Consolider, 20018, San Sebastian, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Thomas Schöberl
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Mihai Stoica
- Laboratory of Metal Physics and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Politehnica University of Timisoara, 300006, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Zaoli Zhang
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Jürgen Eckert
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Department of Materials Physics, Montanuniversität Leoben, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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13
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Sarac B, Gammer C, Deng L, Park E, Yokoyama Y, Stoica M, Eckert J. Elastostatic reversibility in thermally formed bulk metallic glasses: nanobeam diffraction fluctuation electron microscopy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:1081-1089. [PMID: 29271462 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06891c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The unparalleled shaping ability of bulk metallic glasses can revolutionize commercial products having multi-length scale features with a processing time of several minutes. Despite the widespread shaping ability of these polymer-like multicomponent alloys, thermoplastic forming (TPF) can severely degrade the intrinsic properties, particularly when complex stress states are activated. The present work emphasizes the importance of elastostatic loading (ESL) which not only fully reverses deteriorated room temperature plasticity originating under TPF or post-cryostatic conditions, but also activates a rejuvenation mechanism by rendering an extended resistance against strain softening. Furthermore, the reduction in the supercooled liquid region and crystallization enthalpy measured by differential scanning calorimetry are found to be temporary, and can be fully reversed to the initial condition. HRTEM imaging of the samples are performed with an imaging spherical aberration corrector. Individual nanobeam diffraction patterns obtained by the fluctuation electron microscopy (FEM) measurements are acquired using a scanning transmission electron microscope with a probe size of 1.2 nm from a 10 × 10 raster, yielding 100 diffraction patterns. The normalized variance of a series of nanodiffraction patterns of the post-elastostatically loaded sample reveals a height decrease in the first broad peak of normalized intensity variance V(k) suggesting modifications in the medium-range structural order which in turn dramatically restores the mechanical and thermal properties. Overall, the combination of TPF and post-ESL treatment in advanced glassy metals can open a new avenue for ultra-high mechanical and thermal performance micro- and nanomechanical devices for biosensors, MOSFETs and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sarac
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Leoben, 8700, Austria.
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14
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Hierarchical surface patterning of Ni- and Be-free Ti- and Zr-based bulk metallic glasses by thermoplastic net-shaping. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 73:398-405. [PMID: 28183624 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish a strong cell-material interaction, the surface topography of the implant material plays an important role. This contribution aims to analyze the formation kinetics of nickel and beryllium-free Ti- and Zr-based Bulk Metallic Glasses (BMGs) with potential biomedical applications. The surface patterning of the BMGs is achieved by thermoplastic net-shaping (TPN) into anisotropically etched cavities of silicon chips. The forming kinetics of the BMG alloys is assessed by thermal and mechanical measurements to determine the most suitable processing temperature and time, and load applied. Array of pyramidal micropatterns with a tip resolution down to 50nm is achievable for the Zr-BMG, where the generated hierarchical features are crucial for surface functionalization, acting as topographic cues for cell attachment. The unique processability and intrinsic properties of this new class of amorphous alloys make them competitive with the conventional biomaterials.
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15
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Chen SH, Yue TM, Tsui CP, Chan KC. Flaw-induced plastic-flow dynamics in bulk metallic glasses under tension. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36130. [PMID: 27779221 PMCID: PMC5078772 DOI: 10.1038/srep36130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inheriting amorphous atomic structures without crystalline lattices, bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are known to have superior mechanical properties, such as high strength approaching the ideal value, but are susceptible to catastrophic failures. Understanding the plastic-flow dynamics of BMGs is important for achieving stable plastic flow in order to avoid catastrophic failures, especially under tension, where almost all BMGs demonstrate limited plastic flow with catastrophic failure. Previous findings have shown that the plastic flow of BMGs displays critical dynamics under compression tests, however, the plastic-flow dynamics under tension are still unknown. Here we report that power-law critical dynamics can also be achieved in the plastic flow of tensile BMGs by introducing flaws. Differing from the plastic flow under compression, the flaw-induced plastic flow under tension shows an upward trend in the amplitudes of the load drops with time, resulting in a stable plastic-flow stage with a power-law distribution of the load drop. We found that the flaw-induced plastic flow resulted from the stress gradients around the notch roots, and the stable plastic-flow stage increased with the increase of the stress concentration factor ahead of the notch root. The findings are potentially useful for predicting and avoiding the catastrophic failures in tensile BMGs by tailoring the complex stress fields in practical structural-applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - T M Yue
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - C P Tsui
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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16
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Wang XD, Qu RT, Wu SJ, Duan QQ, Liu ZQ, Zhu ZW, Zhang HF, Zhang ZF. Notch fatigue behavior: Metallic glass versus ultra-high strength steel. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35557. [PMID: 27752136 PMCID: PMC5067664 DOI: 10.1038/srep35557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the effect of notch on the fatigue behavior of structural materials is of significance for the reliability and safety designing of engineering structural components. In this work, we conducted notch fatigue experiments of two high-strength materials, i.e. a Ti32.8Zr30.2Ni5.3Cu9Be22.7 metallic glass (MG) and a 00Ni18Co15Mo8Ti ultra-high strength steel (CM400 UHSS), and compared their notch fatigue behavior. Experimental results showed that although both the strength and plasticity of the MG were much lower than those of the UHSS, the fatigue endurance limit of the notched MG approached to that of the notched UHSS, and the fatigue ratio of the notched MG was even higher. This interesting finding can be attributed to the unique shear banding mechanism of MG. It was found that during fatigue process abundant shear bands formed ahead of the notch root and in the vicinity of the crack in the notched MG, while limited plastic deformation was observed in the notched UHSS. The present results may improve the understanding on the fatigue mechanisms of high-strength materials and offer new strategies for structural design and engineering application of MG components with geometrical discontinuities.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - R T Qu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - S J Wu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Q Q Duan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Z Q Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Z W Zhu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - H F Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
| | - Z F Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, P.R. China
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17
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Li W, Gao Y, Bei H. Instability Analysis and Free Volume Simulations of Shear Band Directions and Arrangements in Notched Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34878. [PMID: 27721462 PMCID: PMC5056513 DOI: 10.1038/srep34878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As a commonly used method to enhance the ductility in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs), the introduction of geometric constraints blocks and confines the propagation of the shear bands, reduces the degree of plastic strain on each shear band so that the catastrophic failure is prevented or delayed, and promotes the formation of multiple shear bands. The clustering of multiple shear bands near notches is often interpreted as the reason for improved ductility. Experimental works on the shear band arrangements in notched metallic glasses have been extensively carried out, but a systematic theoretical study is lacking. Using instability theory that predicts the onset of strain localization and the free-volume-based finite element simulations that predict the evolution of shear bands, this work reveals various categories of shear band arrangements in double edge notched BMGs with respect to the mode mixity of the applied stress fields. A mechanistic explanation is thus provided to a number of related experiments and especially the correlation between various types of shear bands and the stress state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Yanfei Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.,Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 , USA
| | - Hongbin Bei
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 , USA
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18
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Towards the Better: Intrinsic Property Amelioration in Bulk Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27271. [PMID: 27273477 PMCID: PMC4897615 DOI: 10.1038/srep27271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring the intrinsic length-scale effects in bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) via post-heat treatment necessitates a systematic analyzing strategy. Although various achievements were made in the past years to structurally enhance the properties of different BMG alloys, the influence of short-term sub-glass transition annealing on the relaxation kinetics is still not fully covered. Here, we aim for unraveling the connection between the physical, (thermo)mechanical and structural changes as a function of selected pre-annealing temperatures and time scales with an in-house developed Cu46Zr44Al8Hf2 based BMG alloy. The controlled formation of nanocrystals below 50 nm with homogenous distribution inside the matrix phase via thermal treatment increase the material's resistance to strain softening by almost an order of magnitude. The present work determines the design aspects of metallic glasses with enhanced mechanical properties via nanostructural modifications, while postulating a counter-argument to the intrinsic property degradation accounted for long-term annealing.
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19
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Towards an understanding of tensile deformation in Ti-based bulk metallic glass matrix composites with BCC dendrites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22563. [PMID: 26932509 PMCID: PMC4773831 DOI: 10.1038/srep22563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure and tension ductility of a series of Ti-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite (BMGMC) is investigated by changing content of the β stabilizing element vanadium while holding the volume fraction of dendritic phase constant. The ability to change only one variable in these novel composites has previously been difficult, leading to uninvestigated areas regarding how composition affects properties. It is shown that the tension ductility can range from near zero percent to over ten percent simply by changing the amount of vanadium in the dendritic phase. This approach may prove useful for the future development of these alloys, which have largely been developed experimentally using trial and error.
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20
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Chen SH, Chan KC, Wang G, Wu FF, Xia L, Ren JL, Li J, Dahmen KA, Liaw PK. Loading-rate-independent delay of catastrophic avalanches in a bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21967. [PMID: 26912191 PMCID: PMC4766412 DOI: 10.1038/srep21967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plastic flow of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is characterized by intermittent bursts of avalanches, and this trend results in disastrous failures of BMGs. In the present work, a double-side-notched BMG specimen is designed, which exhibits chaotic plastic flows consisting of several catastrophic avalanches under the applied loading. The disastrous shear avalanches have, then, been delayed by forming a stable plastic-flow stage in the specimens with tailored distances between the bottoms of the notches, where the distribution of a complex stress field is acquired. Differing from the conventional compressive testing results, such a delaying process is independent of loading rate. The statistical analysis shows that in the specimens with delayed catastrophic failures, the plastic flow can evolve to a critical dynamics, making the catastrophic failure more predictable than the ones with chaotic plastic flows. The findings are of significance in understanding the plastic-flow mechanisms in BMGs and controlling the avalanches in relating solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Chen
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - K C Chan
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - G Wang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - F F Wu
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou, 121001, China
| | - L Xia
- Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Centre, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - J L Ren
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - J Li
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - K A Dahmen
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - P K Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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21
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Macroscopic tensile plasticity by scalarizating stress distribution in bulk metallic glass. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21929. [PMID: 26902264 PMCID: PMC4763289 DOI: 10.1038/srep21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The macroscopic tensile plasticity of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) is highly desirable for various engineering applications. However, upon yielding, plastic deformation of BMGs is highly localized into narrow shear bands and then leads to the "work softening" behaviors and subsequently catastrophic fracture, which is the major obstacle for their structural applications. Here we report that macroscopic tensile plasticity in BMG can be obtained by designing surface pore distribution using laser surface texturing. The surface pore array by design creates a complex stress field compared to the uniaxial tensile stress field of conventional glassy specimens, and the stress field scalarization induces the unusual tensile plasticity. By systematically analyzing fracture behaviors and finite element simulation, we show that the stress field scalarization can resist the main shear band propagation and promote the formation of larger plastic zones near the pores, which undertake the homogeneous tensile plasticity. These results might give enlightenment for understanding the deformation mechanism and for further improvement of the mechanical performance of metallic glasses.
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22
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Zhang L, Pauly S, Tang MQ, Eckert J, Zhang HF. Two-phase quasi-equilibrium in β-type Ti-based bulk metallic glass composites. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19235. [PMID: 26754315 PMCID: PMC4709698 DOI: 10.1038/srep19235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructural evolution of cast Ti/Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites (BMGCs) containing β-Ti still remains ambiguous. This is why to date the strategies and alloys suitable for producing such BMGCs with precisely controllable volume fractions and crystallite sizes are still rather limited. In this work, a Ti-based BMGC containing β-Ti was developed in the Ti-Zr-Cu-Co-Be system. The glassy matrix of this BMGC possesses an exceptional glass-forming ability and as a consequence, the volume fractions as well as the composition of the β-Ti dendrites remain constant over a wide range of cooling rates. This finding can be explained in terms of a two-phase quasi-equilibrium between the supercooled liquid and β-Ti, which the system attains on cooling. The two-phase quasi-equilibrium allows predicting the crystalline and glassy volume fractions by means of the lever rule and we succeeded in reproducing these values by slight variations in the alloy composition at a fixed cooling rate. The two-phase quasi-equilibrium could be of critical importance for understanding and designing the microstructures of BMGCs containing the β-phase. Its implications on the nucleation and growth of the crystalline phase are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China.,IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, P.O. Box 27 01 16, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Pauly
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, P.O. Box 27 01 16, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Q Tang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
| | - J Eckert
- IFW Dresden, Institute for Complex Materials, P.O. Box 27 01 16, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.,TU Dresden, Institute of Materials Science, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - H F Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 110016 Shenyang, China
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23
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Zhang JC, Chen C, Pei QX, Wan Q, Zhang WX, Sha ZD. Deformation and failure mechanisms of nanoscale cellular structures of metallic glasses. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22483k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metallic glasses (MGs) can be good candidates for structural and functional applications due to their light weight, enhanced ductility and excellent energy absorption performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures
- School of Aerospace Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - C. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Nanjing 210016
- China
| | - Q. X. Pei
- Institute of High Performance Computing
- A*STAR
- Singapore
| | - Q. Wan
- Institute of System Engineering
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- MianYang
- China
| | - W. X. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures
- School of Aerospace Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
| | - Z. D. Sha
- International Center for Applied Mechanics
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
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24
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Ketkaew J, Liu Z, Chen W, Schroers J. Critical Crystallization for Embrittlement in Metallic Glasses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:265502. [PMID: 26765004 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.265502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the effect of crystallization on the embrittlement of bulk metallic glasses. Specifically, we measured fracture toughness for Zr(44)Ti(11)Cu(10)Ni(10)Be(25) and Pd(43)Cu(27)Ni(10)P(20) after annealing at various times to introduce controlled volume fraction of crystallization. We found that crystallization of up to ∼6% by volume does not measurably affect fracture toughness. When exceeding ∼6%, a dramatic drop in fracture toughness occurs; an additional 1% of crystallization reduces fracture toughness by 50%. Such a dramatic transition can be explained by the interaction among the crystals' stress fields in the amorphous matrix that becomes effective at ∼7% crystallinity. Our findings of a critical crystallization for embrittlement of metallic glasses help in designing tough metallic glasses and their composites, as well as defining processing protocols for the unique thermoplastic forming of metallic glasses to avoid embrittlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jittisa Ketkaew
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Jan Schroers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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25
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26
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Wakeda M, Saida J, Li J, Ogata S. Controlled rejuvenation of amorphous metals with thermal processing. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10545. [PMID: 26010470 PMCID: PMC4443766 DOI: 10.1038/srep10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rejuvenation is the configurational excitation of amorphous materials and is one of the more promising approaches for improving the deformability of amorphous metals that usually exhibit macroscopic brittle fracture modes. Here, we propose a method to control the level of rejuvenation through systematic thermal processing and clarify the crucial feasibility conditions by means of molecular dynamics simulations of annealing and quenching. We also experimentally demonstrate rejuvenation level control in Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30 bulk metallic glass. Our local heat-treatment recipe (rising temperature above 1.1Tg, followed by a temperature quench rate exceeding the previous) opens avenue to modifying the glass properties after it has been cast and processed into near component shape, where a higher local cooling rate may be afforded by for example transient laser heating, adding spatial control and great flexibility to the processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Wakeda
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Junji Saida
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki aza Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Shigenobu Ogata
- 1] Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan [2] Center for Elements Strategy Initiative for Structural Materials (ESISM), Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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27
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Liontas R, Gu XW, Fu E, Wang Y, Li N, Mara N, Greer JR. Effects of helium implantation on the tensile properties and microstructure of Ni73P27 metallic glass nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:5176-5183. [PMID: 25084487 DOI: 10.1021/nl502074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report fabrication and nanomechanical tension experiments on as-fabricated and helium-implanted ∼130 nm diameter Ni73P27 metallic glass nanocylinders. The nanocylinders were fabricated by a templated electroplating process and implanted with He(+) at energies of 50, 100, 150, and 200 keV to create a uniform helium concentration of ∼3 atom % throughout the nanocylinders. Transmission electron microscopy imaging and through-focus analysis reveal that the specimens contained ∼2 nm helium bubbles distributed uniformly throughout the nanocylinder volume. In situ tensile experiments indicate that helium-implanted specimens exhibit enhanced ductility as evidenced by a 2-fold increase in plastic strain over as-fabricated specimens with no sacrifice in yield and ultimate tensile strengths. This improvement in mechanical properties suggests that metallic glasses may actually exhibit a favorable response to high levels of helium implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Liontas
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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28
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Yang W, Liu H, Zhao Y, Inoue A, Jiang K, Huo J, Ling H, Li Q, Shen B. Mechanical properties and structural features of novel Fe-based bulk metallic glasses with unprecedented plasticity. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6233. [PMID: 25167887 PMCID: PMC5385824 DOI: 10.1038/srep06233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have attracted great attention due to their unique magnetic and mechanical properties, but few applications have been materialized because of their brittleness at room temperature. Here we report a new Fe(50)Ni(30)P(13)C(7) BMG which exhibits unprecedented compressive plasticity (>20%) at room temperature without final fracture. The mechanism of unprecedented plasticity for this new Fe-based BMG was also investigated. It was discovered that the ductile Fe(50)Ni(30)P(13)C(7) BMG is composed of unique clusters mainly linked by less directional metal-metal bonds which are inclined to accommodate shear strain and absorbed energy in the front of crack tip. This conclusion was further verified by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy experiments of Fe(80-x)Ni(x)P(13)C(7) (x = 0, 10, 20, 30) and Fe(72-x)Ni(x)B(20)Si(4)Nb(4) (x = 0, 7.2, 14.4, 21.6, 28.8) glassy systems. The results also indicate a strong correlation between the p-d hybridization and plasticity, verifying that the transition from brittle to ductile induced by Ni addition is due to the change of bonding characteristics in atomic configurations. Thus, we can design the plasticity of Fe-based BMGs and open up a new possible pathway for manufacturing BMGs with high strength and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiming Yang
- 1] School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China [2] School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishun Liu
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Sciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Akihisa Inoue
- 1] Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China [2] Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kemin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Juntao Huo
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology &Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Ling
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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29
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Brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5035. [PMID: 24849328 PMCID: PMC4030258 DOI: 10.1038/srep05035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current understanding of the brittleness of glass is limited by our poor understanding and control over the microscopic structure. In this study, we used a pressure quenching route to tune the structure of silica glass in a controllable manner, and observed a systematic increase in ductility in samples quenched under increasingly higher pressure. The brittle to ductile transition in densified silica glass can be attributed to the critical role of 5-fold Si coordination defects (bonded to 5 O neighbors) in facilitating shear deformation and in dissipating energy by converting back to the 4-fold coordination state during deformation. As an archetypal glass former and one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crest, a fundamental understanding of the microscopic structure underpinning the ductility of silica glass will not only pave the way toward rational design of strong glasses, but also advance our knowledge of the geological processes in the Earth's interior.
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30
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Superior tensile ductility in bulk metallic glass with gradient amorphous structure. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4757. [PMID: 24755683 PMCID: PMC3996486 DOI: 10.1038/srep04757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over centuries, structural glasses have been deemed as a strong yet inherently ‘brittle’ material due to their lack of tensile ductility. However, here we report bulk metallic glasses exhibiting both a high strength of ~2 GPa and an unprecedented tensile elongation of 2–4% at room temperature. Our experiments have demonstrated that intense structural evolution can be triggered in theses glasses by the carefully controlled surface mechanical attrition treatment, leading to the formation of gradient amorphous microstructures across the sample thickness. As a result, the engineered amorphous microstructures effectively promote multiple shear banding while delay cavitation in the bulk metallic glass, thus resulting in superior tensile ductility. The outcome of our research uncovers an unusual work-hardening mechanism in monolithic bulk metallic glasses and demonstrates a promising yet low-cost strategy suitable for producing large-sized, ultra-strong and stretchable structural glasses.
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31
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Microstructural percolation assisted breakthrough of trade-off between strength and ductility in CuZr-based metallic glass composites. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4167. [PMID: 24566737 PMCID: PMC3933912 DOI: 10.1038/srep04167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As two important mechanical properties, strength and ductility generally tend to be muturally exclusive in conventional engineering materials. The breakthrough of such a trade-off has been potentiated by the recently developed CuZr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) composites ductilized by a shape memory CuZr(B2) phase. Here the microstructural dependences of tensile properties for the CuZr-based BMG composites were elucidated qualitatively and modeled quantitatively, and the underlying mechanisms were unraveled. Through the microstructural percolation induced by matching the length scales of particle size and interparticle spacing, a notable breakthrough was achieved in the composites that the general conflicts between strength and ductility can be defeated. This study is expected to greatly aid in the microstructural design and tailoring for improved properties of BMG composites. It also has implications for the development of strong and ductile materials in the future.
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32
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Qiao JW, Zhang T, Yang FQ, Liaw PK, Pauly S, Xu BS. A tensile deformation model for in-situ dendrite/metallic glass matrix composites. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2816. [PMID: 24085187 PMCID: PMC3788376 DOI: 10.1038/srep02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In-situ dendrite/metallic glass matrix composites (MGMCs) with a composition of Ti46Zr20V12Cu5Be17 exhibit ultimate tensile strength of 1510 MPa and fracture strain of about 7.6%. A tensile deformation model is established, based on the five-stage classification: (1) elastic-elastic, (2) elastic-plastic, (3) plastic-plastic (yield platform), (4) plastic-plastic (work hardening), and (5) plastic-plastic (softening) stages, analogous to the tensile behavior of common carbon steels. The constitutive relations strongly elucidate the tensile deformation mechanism. In parallel, the simulation results by a finite-element method (FEM) are in good agreement with the experimental findings and theoretical calculations. The present study gives a mathematical model to clarify the work-hardening behavior of dendrites and softening of the amorphous matrix. Furthermore, the model can be employed to simulate the tensile behavior of in-situ dendrite/MGMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Qiao
- 1] Laboratory of Applied Physics and Mechanics of Advanced Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China [2] Research Center of Advanced Materials Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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