1
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Xu T, Wang XD, Dufresne EM, Beyer KA, An P, Ma J, Wang N, Liu S, Cao QP, Ding SQ, Zhang DX, Zheng L, Zhang J, Hu TD, Jiang Z, Huang Y, Jiang JZ. Unveiling the Structural Origins of Dynamic Diversity in Pd-Based Metallic Glasses. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309331. [PMID: 38213019 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The β-relaxation is one of the major dynamic behaviors in metallic glasses (MGs) and exhibits diverse features. Despite decades of efforts, the understanding of its structural origin and contribution to the overall dynamics of MG systems is still unclear. Here two palladium-based Pd─Cu─P and Pd─Ni─P MGs are reported with distinct different β-relaxation behaviors and reveal the structural origins for the difference using the advanced X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and absorption fine structure techniques together with the first-principles calculations. The pronounced β-relaxation and fast atomic dynamics in the Pd─Cu─P MG mainly come from the strong mobility of Cu atoms and their locally favored structures. In contrast, the motion of Ni atoms is constrained by P atoms in the Pd─Ni─P MG, leading to the weakened β-relaxation peak and sluggish dynamics. The correlation of atomic dynamics with microscopic structures provides a way to understand the structural origins of different dynamic behaviors as well as the nature of aging in disordered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianding Xu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Kevin A Beyer
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Pengfei An
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Suya Liu
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Ping Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Qing Ding
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Xian Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Dou Hu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Huang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuyao University of Science and Technology, Fuzhou, 350109, P. R. China
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2
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Highly tunable β-relaxation enables the tailoring of crystallization in phase-change materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7352. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn glasses, secondary (β-) relaxations are the predominant source of atomic dynamics. Recently, they have been discovered in covalently bonded glasses, i.e., amorphous phase-change materials (PCMs). However, it is unclear what the mechanism of β-relaxations is in covalent systems and how they are related to crystallization behaviors of PCMs that are crucial properties for non-volatile memories and neuromorphic applications. Here we show direct evidence that crystallization is strongly linked to β-relaxations. We find that the β-relaxation in Ge15Sb85 possesses a high tunability, which enables a manipulation of crystallization kinetics by an order of magnitude. In-situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, dielectric functions, and ab-initio calculations indicate that the weakened β-relaxation intensity stems from a local reinforcement of Peierls-like distortions, which increases the rigidity of the bonding network and decreases the dynamic heterogeneity. Our findings offer a conceptually new approach to tuning the crystallization of PCMs based on manipulating the β-relaxations.
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3
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Yang Q, Pei CQ, Yu HB, Feng T. Metallic Nanoglasses with Promoted β-Relaxation and Tensile Plasticity. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:6051-6056. [PMID: 34240612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The secondary (β) relaxation is an intrinsic feature of glassy systems and is crucial for the mechanical properties of metallic glasses. However, it remains puzzling what structural features control the β-relaxation fundamentally. Here, we use the recently developed nanoglasses exhibiting well-defined structural features at the nanometer scale to interrogate such structure-dynamics relations. We show that an electrodeposited Ni77.5P22.5 nanoglass exhibits promoted β-relaxation and enhanced microscale tensile plasticity over the most rapidly melt-quenched metallic glass with the same composition. Structurally, the β-relaxation is sensitive to the interfacial regions among grains in the nanoglasses. Our results reveal a clear correlation between the amorphous nanostructures and the β-relaxation. It seems that the nanostructuring represents a novel route to obtain high-energy glassy states, that is, the inverse problem of the ultrastable glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China
| | - Chao-Qun Pei
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei China
| | - Tao Feng
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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4
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Tuning the Johari-Goldstein β-Relaxation and Its Separation from α-Relaxation of Poly(n-alkyl methacrylate)s by Small Molecule-bridged Hydrogen Bonds. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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5
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Jiang J, Lu Z, Shen J, Wada T, Kato H, Chen M. Decoupling between calorimetric and dynamical glass transitions in high-entropy metallic glasses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3843. [PMID: 34158476 PMCID: PMC8219663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass transition is one of the unresolved critical issues in solid-state physics and materials science, during which a viscous liquid is frozen into a solid or structurally arrested state. On account of the uniform arrested mechanism, the calorimetric glass transition temperature (Tg) always follows the same trend as the dynamical glass transition (or α-relaxation) temperature (Tα) determined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Here, we explored the correlations between the calorimetric and dynamical glass transitions of three prototypical high-entropy metallic glasses (HEMGs) systems. We found that the HEMGs present a depressed dynamical glass transition phenomenon, i.e., HEMGs with moderate calorimetric Tg represent the highest Tα and the maximum activation energy of α-relaxation. These decoupled glass transitions from thermal and mechanical measurements reveal the effect of high configurational entropy on the structure and dynamics of supercooled liquids and metallic glasses, which are associated with sluggish diffusion and decreased dynamic and spatial heterogeneities from high mixing entropy. The results have important implications in understanding the entropy effect on the structure and properties of metallic glasses for designing new materials with plenteous physical and mechanical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jiang
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zhen Lu
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Takeshi Wada
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hidemi Kato
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yu HB, Douglas JF. Dynamic heterogeneity, cooperative motion, and Johari-Goldstein [Formula: see text]-relaxation in a metallic glass-forming material exhibiting a fragile-to-strong transition. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2021; 44:56. [PMID: 33871722 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Johari-Goldstein (JG) [Formula: see text]-relaxation process in a model metallic glass-forming (GF) material ([Formula: see text]), previously studied extensively by both frequency-dependent mechanical measurements and simulation studies devoted to equilibrium properties, by molecular dynamics simulations based on validated and optimized interatomic potentials with the primary aim of better understanding the nature of this universal relaxation process from a dynamic heterogeneity (DH) perspective. The present relatively low temperature and long-time simulations reveal a direct correspondence between the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of the mobile particle clusters [Formula: see text], defined as in previous DH studies, a relationship dual to the corresponding previously observed relationship between the [Formula: see text]-relaxation time [Formula: see text] and the lifetime of immobile particle clusters [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we find that the average diffusion coefficient D nearly coincides with [Formula: see text] of the smaller atomic species (Al) and that the 'hopping time' associated with D coincides with [Formula: see text] to within numerical uncertainty, both trends being in accord with experimental studies. This indicates that the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation is dominated by the smaller atomic species and the observation of a direct relation between this relaxation process and rate of molecular diffusion in GF materials at low temperatures where the JG [Formula: see text]-relaxation becomes the prevalent mode of structural relaxation. As an unanticipated aspect of our study, we find that [Formula: see text] exhibits fragile-to-strong (FS) glass formation, as found in many other metallic GF liquids, but this fact does not greatly alter the geometrical nature of DH in this material and the relation of DH to dynamical properties. On the other hand, the temperature dependence of the DH and dynamical properties, such as the structural relaxation time, can be significantly altered from 'ordinary' GF liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
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7
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Caporaletti F, Capaccioli S, Valenti S, Mikolasek M, Chumakov AI, Monaco G. Experimental evidence of mosaic structure in strongly supercooled molecular liquids. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1867. [PMID: 33767148 PMCID: PMC7994800 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22154-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When a liquid is cooled to produce a glass its dynamics, dominated by the structural relaxation, become very slow, and at the glass-transition temperature Tg its characteristic relaxation time is about 100 s. At slightly elevated temperatures (~1.2 Tg) however, a second process known as the Johari-Goldstein relaxation, βJG, decouples from the structural one and remains much faster than it down to Tg. While it is known that the βJG-process is strongly coupled to the structural relaxation, its dedicated role in the glass-transition remains under debate. Here we use an experimental technique that permits us to investigate the spatial and temporal properties of the βJG relaxation, and give evidence that the molecules participating in it are highly mobile and spatially connected in a system-spanning, percolating cluster. This correlation of structural and dynamical properties provides strong experimental support for a picture, drawn from theoretical studies, of an intermittent mosaic structure in the deeply supercooled liquid phase. The Johari-Goldstein relaxation is a precursor of the glass transition in liquids. Caporaletti et al. use time-dependent interferometry data to substantiate its suggested structural appearance as a globally percolating, fluctuating mosaic.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caporaletti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo (Trento), Italy. .,Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics/Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - S Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione dell'Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Valenti
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mikolasek
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A I Chumakov
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40220, Grenoble Cedex 9, France.,National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute', Moscow, Russia
| | - G Monaco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Povo (Trento), Italy. .,Dipartimento di Fisica ed Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy.
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8
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Zhang H, Wang X, Yu HB, Douglas JF. Fast dynamics in a model metallic glass-forming material. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084505. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0039162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Material Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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9
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Li D, Chen H, Qu B, Zhang F, Zhou R, Zhang B. The dependence of the boson peak on the thickness of Cu 50Zr 50 film metallic glasses. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:982-989. [PMID: 33399595 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, intensive calculations were performed to investigate the behavior of the low-temperature excess heat capacity of Cu50Zr50 ultrathin film metallic glasses. Our results show that there is a well-defined boson peak in the film metallic glasses and that the boson peak height exhibits an obvious size-dependent feature. Furthermore, there is a critical thickness dc in the curves between the boson peak height and the thickness, where the boson peak height changes abruptly. Through structural analysis, we found that the low-temperature excess heat capacity of the film metallic glasses is correlated with the density layering structure near the surface. The structural parameter S is defined by atomic density and it was found that the boson peak height is highly correlated with S. Our investigation of ultrathin film metallic glasses provides a deeper understanding about the structural origin of the boson peak in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Heng Chen
- School of Electronic Science & Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Bingyan Qu
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Fabao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Rulong Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China. and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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10
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Yang Q, Peng SX, Wang Z, Yu HB. Shadow glass transition as a thermodynamic signature of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1896-1905. [PMID: 34691531 PMCID: PMC8288642 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One puzzling phenomenon in glass physics is the so-called 'shadow glass transition' which is an anomalous heat-absorbing process below the real glass transition and influences glass properties. However, it has yet to be entirely characterized, let alone fundamentally understood. Conventional calorimetry detects it in limited heating rates. Here, with the chip-based fast scanning calorimetry, we study the dynamics of the shadow glass transition over four orders of magnitude in heating rates for 24 different hyper-quenched metallic glasses. We present evidence that the shadow glass transition correlates with the secondary (β) relaxation: (i) The shadow glass transition and the β relaxation follow the same temperature-time dependence, and both merge with the primary relaxation at high temperature. (ii) The shadow glass transition is more obvious in glasses with pronounced β relaxation, and vice versa; their magnitudes are proportional to each other. Our findings suggest that the shadow glass transition signals the thermodynamics of β relaxation in hyper-quenched metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Si-Xu Peng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Caporaletti F, Capaccioli S, Valenti S, Mikolasek M, Chumakov AI, Monaco G. A microscopic look at the Johari-Goldstein relaxation in a hydrogen-bonded glass-former. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14319. [PMID: 31586113 PMCID: PMC6778113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the glass transition requires getting the picture of the dynamical processes that intervene in it. Glass-forming liquids show a characteristic decoupling of relaxation processes when they are cooled down towards the glassy state. The faster (βJG) process is still under scrutiny, and its full explanation necessitates information at the microscopic scale. To this aim, nuclear γ-resonance time-domain interferometry (TDI) has been utilized to investigate 5-methyl-2-hexanol, a hydrogen-bonded liquid with a pronounced βJG process as measured by dielectric spectroscopy. TDI probes in fact the center-of-mass, molecular dynamics at scattering-vectors corresponding to both inter- and intra-molecular distances. Our measurements demonstrate that, in the undercooled liquid phase, the βJG relaxation can be visualized as a spatially-restricted rearrangement of molecules within the cage of their closest neighbours accompanied by larger excursions which reach out at least the inter-molecular scale and are related to cage-breaking events. In-cage rattling and cage-breaking processes therefore coexist in the βJG relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Caporaletti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123, Povo, Trento, Italy.
| | - S Capaccioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
- CNR-IPCF, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, I-56127, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Valenti
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Mikolasek
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40 220, 38043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - A I Chumakov
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, CS40 220, 38043, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 123182, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Monaco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, I-38123, Povo, Trento, Italy.
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12
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Sun Y, Peng SX, Yang Q, Zhang F, Yang MH, Wang CZ, Ho KM, Yu HB. Predicting Complex Relaxation Processes in Metallic Glass. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:105701. [PMID: 31573294 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Relaxation processes significantly influence the properties of glass materials. However, understanding their specific origins is difficult; even more challenging is to forecast them theoretically. In this study, using microseconds molecular dynamics simulations together with an accurate many-body interaction potential, we predict that an Al_{90}Sm_{10} metallic glass would have complex relaxation behaviors: In addition to the main (α) relaxation, the glass (i) shows a pronounced secondary (β) relaxation at cryogenic temperatures and (ii) exhibits an anomalous relaxation process (α_{2}) accompanying α relaxation. Both of the predictions are verified by experiments. Computational simulations reveal the microscopic origins of relaxation processes: while the pronounced β relaxation is attributed to the abundance of stringlike cooperative atomic rearrangements, the anomalous α_{2} process is found to correlate with the decoupling of the faster motions of Al with slower Sm atoms. The combination of simulations and experiments represents a first glimpse of what may become a predictive routine and integral step for glass physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Si-Xu Peng
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Meng-Hao Yang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Cai-Zhuang Wang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Kai-Ming Ho
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy and Department of Physics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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13
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Zheng Q, Zhang Y, Montazerian M, Gulbiten O, Mauro JC, Zanotto ED, Yue Y. Understanding Glass through Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:7848-7939. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Maziar Montazerian
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ozgur Gulbiten
- Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, Corning, New York 14831, United States
| | - John C. Mauro
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Edgar D. Zanotto
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory (LaMaV), Department of Materials Engineering (DEMa), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), 13.565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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14
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Wang Z, Wang WH. Flow units as dynamic defects in metallic glassy materials. Natl Sci Rev 2019; 6:304-323. [PMID: 34691871 PMCID: PMC8291400 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwy084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In a crystalline material, structural defects such as dislocations or twins are well defined and largely determine the mechanical and other properties of the material. For metallic glass (MG) with unique properties in the absence of a long-range lattice, intensive efforts have focused on the search for similar 'defects'. The primary objective has been the elucidation of the flow mechanism of MGs. However, their atomistic mechanism of mechanical deformation and atomic flow response to stress, temperature, and failure, have proven to be challenging. In this paper, we briefly review the state-of-the-art studies on the dynamic defects in metallic glasses from the perspective of flow units. The characteristics, activation and evolution processes of flow units as well as their correlation with mechanical properties, including plasticity, strength, fracture, and dynamic relaxation, are introduced. We show that flow units that are similar to structural defects such as dislocations are crucial in the optimization and design of metallic glassy materials via the thermal, mechanical and high-pressure tailoring of these units. In this report, the relevant issues and open questions with regard to the flow unit model are also introduced and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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15
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Yu HB, Yang MH, Sun Y, Zhang F, Liu JB, Wang CZ, Ho KM, Richert R, Samwer K. Fundamental Link between β Relaxation, Excess Wings, and Cage-Breaking in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5877-5883. [PMID: 30240226 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In glassy materials, the Johari-Goldstein secondary (β) relaxation is crucial to many properties as it is directly related to local atomic motions. However, a long-standing puzzle remains elusive: why some glasses exhibit β relaxations as pronounced peaks while others present as unobvious excess wings? Using microsecond atomistic simulation of two model metallic glasses (MGs), we demonstrate that such a difference is associated with the number of string-like collective atomic jumps. Relative to that of excess wings, we find that MGs having pronounced β relaxations contain larger numbers of such jumps. Structurally, they are promoted by the higher tendency of cage-breaking events of their neighbors. Our results provide atomistic insights for different signatures of the β relaxation that could be helpful for understanding the low-temperature dynamics and properties of MGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , WuHan , Hubei 430074 , China
| | - Meng-Hao Yang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - Yang Sun
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Jian-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
| | - C Z Wang
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Physics , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - K M Ho
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
- Department of Physics , Iowa State University , Ames , Iowa 50011 , United States
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences , Arizona State University , Tempe , Arizona 85287 , United States
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen , Germany
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16
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Wang XD, Zhang J, Xu TD, Yu Q, Cao QP, Zhang DX, Jiang JZ. Structural Signature of β-Relaxation in La-Based Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4308-4313. [PMID: 30016114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The secondary β-relaxation is an intrinsic feature in glassy materials. However, its structural origin is still not well understood. Here we report that the β-relaxations in La50Al15Ni35 and La50Al15Cu35 metallic glasses (MGs) mainly depend on the vibration of small Ni and Cu atoms in local cages. By using advanced synchrotron X-ray techniques and theoretical calculations, we elucidate that the tricapped-trigonal-prism-like polyhedra with more large La atoms in shells favor the local vibration of center Ni atoms, leading to the pronounced β-relaxation event. In contrast, the in-cage vibration of Cu atoms is somehow suppressed by the appearance of more shell Cu atoms. Nevertheless, they could easily diffuse out of the cages compared with Ni, thus triggering the onset of α-relaxation. This work provides a pathway to understand the different structural relaxation behaviors in MGs and other disordered materials from their local atomic packing and dynamics points of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - J Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - T D Xu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q Yu
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - Q P Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - D X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
| | - J Z Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, and School of Materials Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Aji DPB, Johari GP. Decrease in electrical resistivity on depletion of islands of mobility during aging of a bulk metal glass. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:144506. [PMID: 29655350 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of structural relaxation on electrical resistivity, ρglass, of strain-free Zr46.75Ti8.25Cu7.5Ni10Be27.5 bulk metallic glass was studied during isothermal aging at several temperatures, Tas. Since cooling of a liquid metal increases its resistivity ρliq, one expects ρglass to increase on aging toward ρliq at T = Ta. Instead, ρglass decreased non-exponentially with the aging time. The activation energy of aging kinetics is 189 kJ mol-1, which is higher than the activation energy of the Johari-Goldstein (JG) relaxation. After considering the sample's contraction, phase separation, and crystallization as possible causes of the decrease in ρglass, we attribute the decrease to depletion of islands of atomic mobility, soft spots, or static heterogeneity. Vibrations of the atoms in these local (loosely packed) regions and in the region's interfacial area contribute to electron scattering. As these deplete on aging, the contribution decreases and ρglass decreases, with a concomitant decrease in macroscopic volume, enthalpy, and entropy (V, H, and S). Local regions of faster mobility also decrease on cooling as V, H, and S of a liquid decrease, but structure fluctuations dominate electron scattering of a liquid metal and ρliq increases effectively according to the Ziman-Nagel theory for a homogenously disordered structure. Whether depletion of such local regions initiates the structural relaxation of a glass, or vice versa, may be resolved by finding a glass that physically ages but shows no JG relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisman P B Aji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Trisakti University, Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
| | - G P Johari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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18
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Yu HB, Richert R, Samwer K. Structural rearrangements governing Johari-Goldstein relaxations in metallic glasses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701577. [PMID: 29159283 PMCID: PMC5693560 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The Johari-Goldstein secondary (β) relaxations are an intrinsic feature of supercooled liquids and glasses. They are crucial to many properties of glassy materials, but the underlying mechanisms are still not established. In a model metallic glass, we study the atomic rearrangements by molecular dynamics simulations at time scales of up to microseconds. We find that the distributions of single-particle displacements exhibit multiple peaks, whose positions quantitatively match the pair distribution function. These are identified as the structural signature of cooperative string-like excitations. Furthermore, the most probable time of the string-like motions coincides with the β-relaxation time as probed by dynamical mechanical simulations over a wide temperature range and is consistent with a theoretical model. Our results provide insights into the long-standing puzzle regarding the structural origin of β relaxations in glassy metallic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074 Hubei, China
- Corresponding author. (H.-B.Y.); (R.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Corresponding author. (H.-B.Y.); (R.R.); (K.S.)
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author. (H.-B.Y.); (R.R.); (K.S.)
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19
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Wang T, Wang L, Wang Q, Liu Y, Hui X. Pronounced Plasticity Caused by Phase Separation and β-relaxation Synergistically in Zr-Cu-Al-Mo Bulk Metallic Glasses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1238. [PMID: 28450711 PMCID: PMC5430678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are known to have extraordinary merits such as ultrahigh strength and dynamic toughness etc. but tied to the detrimental brittleness, which has become a critical issue to the engineering application and understanding the glass nature. In this article, we report a new class of Zr-Cu-Al-Mo BMGs with extraordinary plastic strain above 20%. "Work-hardening" effect after yielding in a wide range of plastic deformation process has been detected for this kind of BMGs. Compositional heterogeneity, which can be classified into ZrMo- and Cu-rich zones, was differentiated in this kind of BMG. Pronounced humps have been observed on the high frequency kinetic spectrum in Mo containing BMGs, which is the indicator of β-relaxation transition. The underlying mechanism for the excellent plastic deforming ability of this class of BMGs is ascribed to the synergistic effects of soft ZrMo-rich glass formed through phase separation and abundant flow units which related to β-relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xidong Hui
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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20
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Yang MH, Li JH, Liu BX. Comparatively studying the local atomic structures of metallic glasses upon cyclic-loading by computer simulations. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Through a variety of local structural analysis methods, it is revealed that the NixZr100–xMGs exhibit a combination of the icosahedral-, fcc- and hcp-like configurations, while the icosahedra or distorted icosahedra cover a dominant fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - J. H. Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - B. X. Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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21
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Wang B, Shang BS, Gao XQ, Wang WH, Bai HY, Pan MX, Guan PF. Understanding Atomic-Scale Features of Low Temperature-Relaxation Dynamics in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4945-4950. [PMID: 27934059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Being a key feature of a glassy state, low temperature relaxation has important implications on the mechanical behavior of glasses; however, the mechanism of low temperature relaxation is still an open issue, which has been debated for decades. By systematically investigating the influences of cooling rate and pressure on low temperature relaxation in the Zr50Cu50 metallic glasses, it is found that even though pressure does induce pronounced local structural change, the low temperature-relaxation behavior of the metallic glass is affected mainly by cooling rate, not by pressure. According to the atomic displacement and connection mode analysis, we further demonstrate that the low temperature relaxation is dominated by the dispersion degree of fast dynamic atoms rather than the most probable atomic nonaffine displacement. Our finding provides the direct atomic-level evidence that the intrinsic heterogeneity is the key factor that determines the low temperature-relaxation behavior of the metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - B S Shang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094, China
| | - X Q Gao
- Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research , Xian 710016, China
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - M X Pan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100094, China
| | - P F Guan
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100094, China
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22
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Yu HB, Richert R, Samwer K. Correlation between Viscoelastic Moduli and Atomic Rearrangements in Metallic Glasses. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3747-3751. [PMID: 27606965 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical moduli, such as storage and loss moduli, characterize the viscoelasticity of materials (i.e., time-dependent elasticity) and convey important information about the relaxation processes of glasses and supercooled liquids. A fundamental question is what ultimately determines them in glassy materials. Here, for several model metallic glasses, we demonstrate that both the storage and loss moduli are uniquely determined by the most probable atomic nonaffine displacements, regardless of temperature or frequency. Moreover, the fast-moving atoms (which contribute to dynamical heterogeneity) do not contribute explicitly to the moduli. Our findings provide a physical basis for the origin of viscoelasticity in metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bin Yu
- Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , WuHan 430074, China
| | - Ranko Richert
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Konrad Samwer
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen , D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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23
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Nguyen D, Zhu ZG, Pringle B, Lyding J, Wang WH, Gruebele M. Composition-dependent metallic glass alloys correlate atomic mobility with collective glass surface dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16856-61. [PMID: 27283239 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02654k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glassy metallic alloys are richly tunable model systems for surface glassy dynamics. Here we study the correlation between atomic mobility, and the hopping rate of surface regions (clusters) that rearrange collectively on a minute to hour time scale. Increasing the proportion of low-mobility copper atoms in La-Ni-Al-Cu alloys reduces the cluster hopping rate, thus establishing a microscopic connection between atomic mobility and dynamics of collective rearrangements at a glass surface made from freshly exposed bulk glass. One composition, La60Ni15Al15Cu10, has a surface resistant to re-crystallization after three heating cycles. When thermally cycled, surface clusters grow in size from about 5 glass-forming units to about 8 glass-forming units, evidence of surface aging without crystal formation, although its bulk clearly forms larger crystalline domains. Such kinetically stable glass surfaces may be of use in applications where glassy coatings stable against heating are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Zhi-Guang Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Brian Pringle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
| | - Joseph Lyding
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Martin Gruebele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA and Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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24
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Intrinsic correlation between β-relaxation and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11516. [PMID: 27158084 PMCID: PMC4865810 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
β-relaxation has long been attributed to localized motion of constituent molecules or atoms confined to isolated regions in glasses. However, direct experimental evidence to support this spatially heterogeneous scenario is still missing. Here we report the evolution of nanoscale structural heterogeneity in a metallic glass during β-relaxation by utilizing amplitude-modulation dynamic atomic force microscopy. The successive degeneration of heterogeneity during β-relaxation can be well described by the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts equation. The characteristic relaxation time and activation energy of the heterogeneity evolution are in accord with those of excess enthalpy release by β-relaxation. Our study correlates β-relaxation with nanoscale spatial heterogeneity and provides direct evidence on the structural origins of β-relaxation in metallic glasses. Beta-relaxation in glasses is commonly attributed to the confined motions of constituent atoms in nanosized domains, but there is no direct evidence so far. Here, Zhu et al. show the correlation between the evolution of spatial heterogeneity at nanoscale and beta-relaxation below glass transition point.
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25
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Zheng H, Lv Y, Sun Q, Hu L, Yang X, Yue Y. Thermodynamic evidence for cluster ordering in Cu46Zr42Al7Y5 ribbons during glass transition. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-016-1057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Liu C, Pineda E, Qiao J, Crespo D. Modeling of the Sub-Tg Relaxation Spectrum of Pd42.5Ni7.5Cu30P20 Metallic Glass. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:2838-44. [PMID: 26916661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We study the mechanical relaxation spectrum of Pd42.5Ni7.5Cu30P20 metallic glass. The effect of aging on the relaxation behavior is analyzed by measuring the internal friction during consecutive heating runs. The mechanical relaxation of the well-annealed glass state is modeled by fitting susceptibility functions to the primary and secondary relaxations of the system. The model is able to reproduce the mechanical relaxation spectrum below the glass transition temperature (sub-Tg region) in the frequency-temperature ranges relevant for the high temperature physical properties and forming ability of metallic glasses. The model reveals a relaxation spectrum composed by the overlapping of primary and secondary processes covering a wide domain of times but with a relatively narrow range of activation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoren Liu
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, EETAC , Esteve Terradas 5, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Eloi Pineda
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, ESAB , Esteve Terradas 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Jichao Qiao
- School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Daniel Crespo
- Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, EETAC , Esteve Terradas 5, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
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27
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Sedighi S, Kirk DW, Singh CV, Thorpe SJ. Investigating the atomic level influencing factors of glass forming ability in NiAl and CuZr metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:114509. [PMID: 26395721 DOI: 10.1063/1.4931112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bulk metallic glasses are a relatively new class of amorphous metal alloy which possess unique mechanical and magnetic properties. The specific concentrations and combinations of alloy elements needed to prevent crystallization during melt quenching remains poorly understood. A correlation between atomic properties that can explain some of the previously identified glass forming ability (GFA) anomalies of the NiAl and CuZr systems has been identified, with these findings likely extensible to other transition metal-transition metal and transition metal-metalloid (TM-M) alloy classes as a whole. In this work, molecular dynamics simulation methods are utilized to study thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural properties of equiatomic CuZr and NiAl metallic glasses in an attempt to further understand the underlying connections between glass forming ability, nature of atomic level bonding, short and medium range ordering, and the evolution of structure and relaxation properties in the disordered phase. The anomalous breakdown of the fragility parameter as a useful GFA indicator in TM-M alloy systems is addressed through an in-depth investigation of bulk stiffness properties and the evolution of (pseudo)Gruneisen parameters over the quench domain, with the efficacy of other common glass forming ability indicators similarly being analyzed through direct computation in respective CuZr and NiAl systems. Comparison of fractional liquid-crystal density differences in the two systems revealed 2-3 times higher values for the NiAl system, providing further support for its efficacy as a general purpose GFA indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Sedighi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 140, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Donald Walter Kirk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 140, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Chandra Veer Singh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 140, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Steven John Thorpe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Room 140, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
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28
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Pawlak R, Marot L, Sadeghi A, Kawai S, Glatzel T, Reimann P, Goedecker S, Güntherodt HJ, Meyer E. Chain-like structure elements in Ni40Ta60 metallic glasses observed by scanning tunneling microscopy. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13143. [PMID: 26268430 PMCID: PMC4542518 DOI: 10.1038/srep13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of metallic glasses is a long-standing question because the lack of long-range order makes diffraction based techniques difficult to be applied. Here, we used scanning tunneling microscopy with large tunneling resistance of 6 GΩ at low temperature in order to minimize forces between probe and sample and reduce thermal fluctuations of metastable structures. Under these extremely gentle conditions, atomic structures of Ni40Ta60 metallic glasses are revealed with unprecedented lateral resolution. In agreement with previous models and experiments, icosahedral-like clusters are observed. The clusters show a high degree of mobility, which explains the need of low temperatures for stable imaging. In addition to icosahedrons, chain-like structures are resolved and comparative density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm that these structures are meta-stable. The co-existence of icosahedral and chain-like structures might be an key ingredient for the understanding of the mechanical properties of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Marot
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ali Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, 19839 Theran, Iran
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Reimann
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Ketov SV, Sun YH, Nachum S, Lu Z, Checchi A, Beraldin AR, Bai HY, Wang WH, Louzguine-Luzgin DV, Carpenter MA, Greer AL. Rejuvenation of metallic glasses by non-affine thermal strain. Nature 2015; 524:200-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The relaxation spectrum of glassy solids has long been used to probe their dynamic structural features and the fundamental deformation mechanisms. Structurally complicated glasses, such as molecular glasses, often exhibit multiple relaxation processes. By comparison, metallic glasses have a simple atomic structure with dense atomic packing, and their relaxation spectra were commonly found to be simpler than those of molecular glasses. Here we show the compelling evidence obtained across a wide range of temperatures and frequencies from a La-based metallic glass, which clearly shows two peaks of secondary relaxations (fast versus slow) in addition to the primary relaxation peak. The discovery of the unusual fast secondary relaxation unveils the complicated relaxation dynamics in metallic glasses and, more importantly, provides us the clues which help decode the structural features serving as the ‘trigger' of inelasticity on mechanical agitations. Mechanical relaxation processes in glasses can provide information on the structural and mechanical properties of glasses. Here, the authors observe a fast secondary relaxation process in La-based metallic glasses, providing information on the inelasticity of metallic glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- 1] Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072i, China [2] Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - S T Zhang
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072i, China
| | - Y Yang
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Y D Dong
- Laboratory for Microstructures, Institute of Materials Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072i, China
| | - C T Liu
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - J Lu
- Center for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Mechanical Relaxation of Metallic Glasses: An Overview of Experimental Data and Theoretical Models. METALS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/met5021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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32
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Zhu ZG, Li YZ, Wang Z, Gao XQ, Wen P, Bai HY, Ngai KL, Wang WH. Compositional origin of unusual β-relaxation properties in La-Ni-Al metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:084506. [PMID: 25173020 DOI: 10.1063/1.4893954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-relaxation of metallic glasses (MGs) bears nontrivial connections to their microscopic and macroscopic properties. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of the β-relaxation, we studied by dynamical mechanical measurements the change of its properties on varying the composition of La60Ni15Al25 in various ways. The properties of the β-relaxation turn out to be very sensitive to the composition. It is found that the isochronal loss peak temperature of β-relaxation, Tβ,peak, is effectively determined by the total (La + Ni) content. When Cu is added into the alloy to replace either La, Ni, or Al, the Tβ,peak increases with decrease of the (La + Ni) content. The trend is in accordance with data of binary and ternary MGs formed from La, Ni, Al, and Cu. Binary La-Ni MGs have pronounced β-relaxation loss peaks, well separated from the α-relaxation. In contrast, the β-relaxation is not resolved in La-Al and La-Cu MGs, showing up as an excess wing. For the ternary La-Ni-Al MGs, increase of La or Ni content is crucial to lower the Tβ,peak. Keeping the Al content fixed, increase of La content lowers the Tβ,peak further, indicating the more important role La plays in lowering Tβ,peak than Ni. The observed effects on changing the composition of La60Ni15Al25 lead to the conclusion that the properties of the β-relaxation are mainly determined by the interaction between the largest solvent element, La, and the smallest element, Ni. From our data, it is further deduced that La and Ni have high mobility in the MGs, and this explains why the β-relaxation in this La-based MGs is prominent and well resolved from the α-relaxation as opposed to Pd- and Zr-based MGs where the solvent and largest atoms, Pd and Zr, are the least mobile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z G Zhu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Y Z Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - X Q Gao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - P Wen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - H Y Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - K L Ngai
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - W H Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Zhang H, Zhong C, Douglas JF, Wang X, Cao Q, Zhang D, Jiang JZ. Role of string-like collective atomic motion on diffusion and structural relaxation in glass forming Cu-Zr alloys. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:164506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4918807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Zhejiang University and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Cheng Zhong
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Zhejiang University and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jack F. Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Zhejiang University and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingping Cao
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Zhejiang University and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Zhong Jiang
- International Center for New-Structured Materials (ICNSM), Zhejiang University and Laboratory of New-Structured Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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34
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Wang C, Hu L, Wei C, Tong X, Zhou C, Sun Q, Hui X, Yue Y. Sub-Tg relaxation patterns in Cu-based metallic glasses far from equilibrium. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:164507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4898695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chen Wei
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Qijing Sun
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xidong Hui
- State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanzheng Yue
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
- Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark
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35
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Abstract
Abstract
Focusing on metallic glasses as model systems, we review the features and mechanisms of the β-relaxations, which are intrinsic and universal to supercooled liquids and glasses, and demonstrate their importance in understanding many crucial unresolved issues in glassy physics and materials science, including glass transition phenomena, mechanical properties, shear-banding dynamics and deformation mechanisms, diffusion and the breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation as well as crystallization and stability of glasses. We illustrate that it is an attractive prospect to incorporate these insights into the design of new glassy materials with extraordinary properties. We also outline important questions regarding the nature of β-relaxations and highlight some emerging research directions in this still-evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bin Yu
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wei Hua Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hai Yang Bai
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Konrad Samwer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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36
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Qiao J, Casalini R, Pelletier JM, Kato H. Characteristics of the structural and Johari-Goldstein relaxations in Pd-based metallic glass-forming liquids. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3720-30. [PMID: 24611812 DOI: 10.1021/jp4121782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of Pd-based metallic glass-forming liquids (Pd(40)Ni(10)Cu(30)P(20), Pd(42.5)Ni(7.5)Cu(30)P(20), Pd(40)Ni(40)P(20), and Pd(30)Ni(50)P(20)) was studied by mechanical spectroscopy and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). We found that the change in composition has a significant effect on the α relaxation dynamics; the largest difference corresponds to an increase of the glass transition temperature Tg of ∼ 15 K, for materials in which 30% Ni was substituted by 30% Cu (i.e., from Pd(40)Ni(40)P(20) to Pd(40)Ni(10)Cu(30)P(20)). We also found that all Pd-based metallic glasses have very similar fragilities, 59 < m < 67, and Kohlrausch stretched exponents, 0.59 < βKWW < 0.60. It is interesting that the values of m and βKWW correlate well with the general relation proposed by Böhmer et al. for nonmetallic glass formers (Böhmer, R.; et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1993, 99, 4201-4209), which for the observed βKWW values predicts 58 < m < 61. From a linear deconvolution of the α and β relaxations, we find that the substitution of the Ni with Cu induced a large change in the time constant of the Johari-Goldstein relaxation, τβ. The activation energy, Uβ, of the β relaxation was largely independent of chemical composition. In all cases, 25 < Uβ/RT < 28, a range in agreement with results for other glass formers (Kudlik, A.; et al. Europhys. Lett. 1997, 40, 649-654 and Ngai, K. L.; et al. Phys. Rev. E 2004, 69, 031501). From the heat capacity and mechanical loss, estimates were obtained for the number of dynamically correlated units, Nc; we find significantly larger values for these metallic glass-forming liquids than Nc for other glass-forming materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Qiao
- Université de Lyon , MATEIS, UMR CNRS5510, Bat. B. Pascal, INSA-Lyon, F-69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Xavier P, Bose S. Non-equilibrium segmental dynamics driven by multiwall carbon nanotubes in PS/PVME blends. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9309-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00832d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Qiao J, Pelletier JM, Casalini R. Relaxation of Bulk Metallic Glasses Studied by Mechanical Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:13658-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4067179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Qiao
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
- INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Pelletier
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, Lyon, France
- INSA-Lyon, MATEIS UMR5510, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Riccardo Casalini
- Chemistry
Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6120, Washington, D.C. 20375-5342, United States
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