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Wang Y, Huang Y, Chen S, Gao J, Zhang Y, Duan YC, Deng P. Construction of Robust Iridium(III) Complex-Based Photosensitizer for Boosting Hydrogen Evolution. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:7212-7219. [PMID: 37139601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Developing a photosensitizer with high efficiency and long-term stability for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is highly desirable yet remains a challenge. Herein, a novel Ir(III) complex-based photosensitizer (Ir3) bearing coumarin and triphenylamine groups is designed. Ir3 exhibits record activity and durability among reported transition metal complexes for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, with a TON of 198,363 and a duration of 214 h. The excellent photocatalytic performance of Ir3 can be attributed to the synergistic effect of coumarin and triphenylamine, which improves the visible light absorption, charge separation, and electron transfer capacity of photosensitizers. This is an efficient and long-lived Ir(III) photosensitizer constructed on the basis of a synergistic approach, which could provide a new insight for the development of high-performance Ir(III) photosensitizers at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yifan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Ying-Chen Duan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, 7989 Weixing Road, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Pengyang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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2
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Zhao B, Xiao M, Shen D, Zhou YN. Heterogeneous stimuli induced nonassociative learning behavior in ZnO nanowire memristor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:125201. [PMID: 31801120 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab5ead] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nonassociative learning is a biologically essential and evolutionarily adaptive behavior in organisms. The bionic simulation of nonassociative learning based on electronic devices is essential to the neuromorphic computing. In this work, nonassociative learning is mimicked by a ZnO nanowire memristor without any other peripheral control circuit. The memristor demonstrates habituation and sensitization behaviors at the electrical and optical stimuli. Typical network-level parametric characteristics of habituation in neuroscience are realized in the memristor. When the heterogeneous stimuli are applied coincidentally, sensitization pulse could be identified by the exceptional response current. The results show that the natural selection rules could be simulated by the current single memristor. A possible mechanism based on the trapping states and adsorption of oxygen at the interface of Au/ZnO is proposed. The implementation of nonassociative learning in a single memristor device paves the way for building neuromorphic systems by simple electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Materials and Devices, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China. Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, Department of Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Azzaro MS, Dodin A, Zhang DY, Willard AP, Roberts ST. Exciton-Delocalizing Ligands Can Speed Up Energy Migration in Nanocrystal Solids. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3259-3270. [PMID: 29652509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Researchers have long sought to use surface ligands to enhance energy migration in nanocrystal solids by decreasing the physical separation between nanocrystals and strengthening their electronic coupling. Exciton-delocalizing ligands, which possess frontier molecular orbitals that strongly mix with nanocrystal band-edge states, are well-suited for this role because they can facilitate carrier-wave function extension beyond the nanocrystal core, reducing barriers for energy transfer. This report details the use of the exciton-delocalizing ligand phenyldithiocarbamate (PDTC) to tune the transport rate and diffusion length of excitons in CdSe nanocrystal solids. A film composed of oleate-terminated CdSe nanocrystals is subjected to a solid-state ligand exchange to replace oleate with PDTC. Exciton migration in the films is subsequently investigated by femtosecond transient absorption. Our experiments indicate that the treatment of nanocrystal films with PDTC leads to rapid (∼400 fs) downhill energy migration (∼80 meV), while no such migration occurs in oleate-capped films. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations allow us to extract both rates and length scales for exciton diffusion in PDTC-treated films. These simulations reproduce dynamics observed in transient absorption measurements over a range of temperatures and confirm excitons hop via a Miller-Abrahams mechanism. Importantly, our experiments and simulations show PDTC treatment increases the exciton hopping rate to 200 fs, an improvement of 5 orders of magnitude relative to oleate-capped films. This exciton hopping rate stands as one of the fastest determined for CdSe solids. The facile, room-temperature processing and improved transport properties offered by the solid-state exchange of exciton-delocalizing ligands show they offer promise for the construction of strongly coupled nanocrystal arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amro Dodin
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | - Adam P Willard
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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4
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Jin X, Chang C, Zhao W, Huang S, Gu X, Zhang Q, Li F, Zhang Y, Li Q. Balancing the Electron and Hole Transfer for Efficient Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Employing a Versatile Organic Electron-Blocking Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15803-15811. [PMID: 29667818 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The electron-blocking layer (EBL) is important to balance the charge carrier transfer and achieve highly efficient quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). Here, we report the utilization of a soluble tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride-modified poly( p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (TBS-PBO) as an EBL for simultaneous good charge carrier transfer balance while maintaining a high current density. We show that the versatile TBS-PBO blocks excess electron injection into the quantum dots (QDs), thus leading to better charge carrier transfer balance. It also restricts the undesired QD-to-EBL electron-transfer process, which preserves the superior emission capabilities of the emitter. As a consequence, the TBS-PBO device delivers an external quantum efficiency (EQE) maximum of 16.7% along with a remarkable current density as high as 139 mA/cm2 with a brightness of 5484 cd/m2. The current density of our device is higher than those of insulator EBL-based devices because of the higher conductivity of the TBS-PBO versus insulator EBL, thus helping achieve high luminance values ranging from 1414 to 20 000 cd/cm2 with current densities ranging from 44 to 648 mA/cm2 and EQE > 14%. We believe that these unconventional features of the present TBS-PBO-based QLEDs will expand the wide use of TBS-PBO as buffer layers in other advanced QLED applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- School of Physics Science and Technology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P. R. China
| | - Chun Chang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering , Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021 , P. R. China
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney , New South Wales 2052 , Australia
| | - Xiaobing Gu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for Optoelectronics Testing Technology , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Physics Science and Technology , Lingnan Normal University , Zhanjiang 524048 , P. R. China
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Malgras V, Nattestad A, Kim JH, Dou SX, Yamauchi Y. Understanding chemically processed solar cells based on quantum dots. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2017; 18:334-350. [PMID: 28567179 PMCID: PMC5439398 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2017.1317219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic energy conversion is one of the best alternatives to fossil fuel combustion. Petroleum resources are now close to depletion and their combustion is known to be responsible for the release of a considerable amount of greenhouse gases and carcinogenic airborne particles. Novel third-generation solar cells include a vast range of device designs and materials aiming to overcome the factors limiting the current technologies. Among them, quantum dot-based devices showed promising potential both as sensitizers and as colloidal nanoparticle films. A good example is the p-type PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) forming a heterojunction with a n-type wide-band-gap semiconductor such as TiO2 or ZnO. The confinement in these nanostructures is also expected to result in marginal mechanisms, such as the collection of hot carriers and generation of multiple excitons, which would increase the theoretical conversion efficiency limit. Ultimately, this technology could also lead to the assembly of a tandem-type cell with CQD films absorbing in different regions of the solar spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malgras
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Shi Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, Australia
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6
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Xiao M, Musselman KP, Duley WW, Zhou YN. Reliable and Low-Power Multilevel Resistive Switching in TiO 2 Nanorod Arrays Structured with a TiO x Seed Layer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4808-4817. [PMID: 28098978 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The electrical performance of TiO2 nanorod array (NRA)-based resistive switching memory devices is examined in this paper. The formation of a seed layer on the fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate after treatment in TiCl4 solution, before the growth of TiO2 NRAs on the FTO substrate via a hydrothermal process, is shown to significantly improve the resistive switching performance of the resulting TiO2 NRA-based device. As fabricated, the Al/TiO2 NRA/TiOx layer/FTO device displayed electroforming-free bipolar resistive switching behavior while maintaining a stable ON/OFF ratio for more than 500 direct sweeping cycles over a retention period of 3 × 104 s. Meanwhile, the programming current as low as ∼10-8 A and 10-10 A for low resistance state and high resistance state respectively makes the fabricated devices suitable for low-power memristor applications. The TiOx precursor seed layer not only promotes the uniform and preferred growth of TiO2 nanorods on the FTO substrate but also functions as an additional source layer of trap centers due to its oxygen-deficient composition. Our data suggest that the primary conduction mechanism in these devices arises from trap-mediated space-charge-limited current (SCLC). Multilevel memory performance in this new device is achieved by varying the SET voltage. The origin of this effect is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, ‡Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, §Department of Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kevin P Musselman
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, ‡Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, §Department of Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Walter W Duley
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, ‡Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, §Department of Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Y Norman Zhou
- Centre for Advanced Materials Joining, ‡Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, §Department of Mechanics and Mechatronics Engineering, and ∥Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Jin BB, Wang YF, Zeng JH. Performance enhancement in titania based quantum dot sensitized solar cells through incorporation of disc shaped ZnO nanoparticles into photoanode. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Ghosh D, Halder G, Sahasrabudhe A, Bhattacharyya S. A microwave synthesized CuxS and graphene oxide nanoribbon composite as a highly efficient counter electrode for quantum dot sensitized solar cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10632-10641. [PMID: 27146800 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To boost the photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of ever promising quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), and to improve the design of photoanodes, the ability of the counter electrode (CE) to effectively reduce the oxidized electrolyte needs special attention. A composite of a 15 wt% graphene oxide nanoribbon (GOR), obtained by unzipping multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and CuxS intersecting hexagonal nanoplates, synthesized by a low cost, facile and scalable microwave synthesis route, is reported as a fascinating CE for QDSSCs. The best performing Cu1.18S-GOR CE could notably achieve a record PCE of ∼3.55% for CdS sensitized QDSSCs, ∼5.42% for in situ deposited CdS/CdSe co-sensitized QDSSCs and ∼6.81% for CdTe/CdS/CdS dual sensitized QDSSCs, apart from increasing the PCE of previously reported QDSSCs. A systematic investigation of the CE design revealed the high electrocatalytic activity of GOR due to the presence of organic functional groups, graphitic edge sites and a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) structure, which increases the interfacial charge transfer kinetics from the CE to the polysulfide electrolyte. The highly stable Cu1.18S-GOR CE has the added advantage of a favourable energy band alignment with the redox potential of the polysulfide electrolyte, which reduces the loss of charge carriers and thus can increase the PCE of QDSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Ganga Halder
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Atharva Sahasrabudhe
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741246, India.
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9
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Neo DCJ, Zhang N, Tazawa Y, Jiang H, Hughes GM, Grovenor CRM, Assender HE, Watt AAR. Poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) as a Hole Transport Layer for Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12101-12108. [PMID: 27090378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells demonstrate extremely high short-circuit currents (Jsc) and are making decent progress in power conversion efficiencies. However, the low fill factors (FF) and open-circuit voltages have to be addressed with urgency to prevent the stalling of efficiency improvements. This paper highlights the importance of improving hole extraction, which received much less attention as compared to the electron-accepting component of the device architecture (e.g., TiO2 or ZnO). Here, we show the use of semiconducting polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) to create efficient CQD devices by improving hole transport, removing interfacial barriers, and minimizing shunt pathways, thus resulting in an overall improvement in device performance stemming from better Jsc and FF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren C J Neo
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nanlin Zhang
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yujiro Tazawa
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia , 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, Western Australia Australia
| | - Gareth M Hughes
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris R M Grovenor
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel E Assender
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew A R Watt
- Materials Department, University of Oxford , 16 Parks Road, OX1 3PH Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Park SJ, Cho JW, Park GS, Jeong JS, Kim J, Ko DH, Hwang YJ, Min BK. A Comparative Study of Nanoparticle-Ink-Based CIGSSe Thin Film Solar Cells on Different Back Contact Substrates. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.10684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Park
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jin Woo Cho
- Advanced Analysis Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Gi Soon Park
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jae Seung Jeong
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Doo-Hyun Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin-si 17104 Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Hwang
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
| | - Byoung Koun Min
- Clean Energy Research Center; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Seoul 02792 Korea
- Green School; Korea University; Seoul 02841 Korea
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11
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Zha C, Pang C, Xu Y, Ji C, Zhang X, Shen L, Wang Y, Gupta A, Bao N. Anisotropic growth and structure-dependent photoresponse activity of multi-level one-dimensional PbS nano-architectures. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09712j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PbS nanostructures with three-fold hierarchy in 〈111〉 directions for designing optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Chao Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - You Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Liming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Arunava Gupta
- Centre for Materials for Information Technology
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Ningzhong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
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12
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Ding J, Fang H, Lian Z, Li J, Lv Q, Wang L, Sun JL, Yan Q. A self-powered photodetector based on a CH3NH3PbI3single crystal with asymmetric electrodes. CrystEngComm 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce02531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Malgras V, Zhang G, Nattestad A, Clarke TM, Mozer AJ, Yamauchi Y, Kim JH. Trap-Assisted Transport and Non-Uniform Charge Distribution in Sulfur-Rich PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot-based Solar Cells with Selective Contacts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:26455-60. [PMID: 26541422 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study reports evidence of dispersive transport in planar PbS colloidal quantum dot heterojunction-based devices as well as the effect of incorporating a MoO3 hole selective layer on the charge extraction behavior. Steady state and transient characterization techniques are employed to determine the complex recombination processes involved in such devices. The addition of a selective contact drastically improves the device efficiency up to 3.15% (especially due to increased photocurrent and decreased series resistance) and extends the overall charge lifetime by suppressing the main first-order recombination pathway observed in device without MoO3. The lifetime and mobility calculated for our sulfur-rich PbS-based devices are similar to previously reported values in lead-rich quantum dots-based solar cells. Nevertheless, strong Shockley-Read-Hall mechanisms appear to keep restricting charge transport, as the equilibrium voltage takes more than 1 ms to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malgras
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Guanran Zhang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Andrew Nattestad
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Tracey M Clarke
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Attila J Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute (IPRI), ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- World Premier International (WPI) Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials (ISEM), Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong , North Wollongong, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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Jo SB, Kim HH, Lee H, Kang B, Lee S, Sim M, Kim M, Lee WH, Cho K. Boosting Photon Harvesting in Organic Solar Cells with Highly Oriented Molecular Crystals via Graphene-Organic Heterointerface. ACS NANO 2015; 9:8206-19. [PMID: 26166186 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b03929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photon harvesting in organic solar cells is highly dependent on the anisotropic nature of the optoelectronic properties of photoactive materials. Here, we demonstrate an efficient approach to dramatically enhance photon harvesting in planar heterojunction solar cells by using a graphene-organic heterointerface. A large area, residue-free monolayer graphene is inserted at anode interface to serve as an atomically thin epitaxial template for growing highly orientated pentacene crystals with lying-down orientation. This anisotropic orientation enhances the overall optoelectronic properties, including light absorption, charge carrier lifetime, interfacial energetics, and especially the exciton diffusion length. Spectroscopic and crystallographic analysis reveal that the lying-down orientation persists until a thickness of 110 nm, which, along with increased exciton diffusion length up to nearly 100 nm, allows the device optimum thickness to be doubled to yield significantly enhanced light absorption within the photoactive layers. The resultant photovoltaic performance shows simultaneous increment in Voc, Jsc, and FF, and consequently a 5 times increment in the maximum power conversion efficiency than the equivalent devices without a graphene layer. The present findings indicate that controlling organic-graphene heterointerface could provide a design strategy of organic solar cell architecture for boosting photon harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Hansol Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Boseok Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Seongkyu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Myungsun Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Wi Hyoung Lee
- Department of Organic and Nano System Engineering, Konkuk University , Seoul 143-701, Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Pohang 790-784, Korea
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15
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Liu J, Johansson EMJ. Solution processed flexible and bending durable heterojunction colloidal quantum dot solar cell. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:11520-11524. [PMID: 26090891 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02617b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A flexible hybrid heterojunction PbS colloidal quantum dot solar cell, where the photoactive layers are deposited using a solution processed fabrication approach under ambient condition and at room temperature is presented. The bending stability of the obtained solar cell is evaluated. The results show that the solar cell exhibits high bending stability and even under the bent state the cell also maintains a high performance, which shows the potential of the quantum dot solar cell toward a lightweight, bendable power source with many possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
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16
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Jin X, Sun W, Zhang Q, Ruan K, Cheng Y, Xu H, Xu Z, Li Q. Reduced energy offset via substitutional doping for efficient organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:A444-A455. [PMID: 26072869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.00a444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Charge carrier transport in bulk heterojunction that is central to the device performance of solar cells is sensitively dependent on the energy level alignment of acceptor and donor. However, the effect of energy level regulation induced by nickel ions on the primary photoexcited electron transfer and the performance of P3HT/TiO2 hybrid solar cells remains being poorly understood and rarely studied. Here we demonstrate that the introduction of the versatile nickel ions into TiO2 nanocrystals can significantly elevate the conduction and valence band energy levels of the acceptor, thus resulting in a remarkable reduction of energy level offset between the conduction band of acceptor and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of donor. By applying transient photoluminescence and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies, we demonstrate that the electron transfer becomes more competitive after incorporating nickel ions. In particular, the electron transfer life time is shortened from 30.2 to 16.7 ps, i.e., more than 44% faster than pure TiO2 acceptor, thus leading to a notable increase of power conversion efficiency in organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells. This work underscores the promising virtue of engineering the reduction of 'excess' energy offset to accelerate electron transport and demonstrates the potential of nickel ions in applications of solar energy conversion and photon detectors.
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17
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Direct electron injection into an oxide insulator using a cathode buffer layer. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6785. [PMID: 25864642 PMCID: PMC4403381 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Injecting charge carriers into the mobile bands of an inorganic oxide insulator (for example, SiO2, HfO2) is a highly complicated task, or even impossible without external energy sources such as photons. This is because oxide insulators exhibit very low electron affinity and high ionization energy levels. Here we show that a ZnO layer acting as a cathode buffer layer permits direct electron injection into the conduction bands of various oxide insulators (for example, SiO2, Ta2O5, HfO2, Al2O3) from a metal cathode. Studies of current–voltage characteristics reveal that the current ohmically passes through the ZnO/oxide-insulator interface. Our findings suggests that the oxide insulators could be used for simply fabricated, transparent and highly stable electronic valves. With this strategy, we demonstrate an electrostatic discharging diode that uses 100-nm SiO2 as an active layer exhibiting an on/off ratio of ∼107, and protects the ZnO thin-film transistors from high electrical stresses. Carrier injection from a metallic electrode into an oxide insulator component is made difficult by the large energy level offset between the two. Here, the authors show that an intermediary zinc-oxide layer enables an Ohmic electrical contact between a metal and an oxide insulator layer.
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18
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Inverted quantum dot light emitting diodes using polyethylenimine ethoxylated modified ZnO. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8968. [PMID: 25754100 PMCID: PMC4354089 DOI: 10.1038/srep08968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are an emerging class of new materials due to their unique physical properties. In particular, colloidal QD based light emitting diodes (QDLEDs) have been extensively studied and developed for the next generation displays and solid-state lighting. Among a number of approaches to improve performance of the QDLEDs, the most practical one is optimization of charge transport and charge balance in the recombination region. Here, we suggest a polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) modified ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) as electron injection and transport layer for inverted structure red CdSe-ZnS based QDLED. The PEIE surface modifier, incorporated on the top of the ZnO NPs film, facilitates the enhancement of both electron injection into the CdSe-ZnS QD emissive layer by lowering the workfunction of ZnO from 3.58 eV to 2.87 eV and charge balance on the QD emitter. As a result, this device exhibits a low turn-on voltage of 2.0–2.5 V and has maximum luminance and current efficiency values of 8600 cd/m2 and current efficiency of 1.53 cd/A, respectively. The same scheme with ZnO NPs/PEIE layer has also been used to successfully fabricate green, blue, and white QDLEDs.
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19
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Kirchartz T, Bisquert J, Mora-Sero I, Garcia-Belmonte G. Classification of solar cells according to mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4007-14. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper elaborates a general description of solar cells based on a single absorber material, according to the mechanisms of charge separation and charge collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kirchartz
- IEK5-Photovoltaik
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- 52425 Jülich
- Germany
- Faculty of Engineering and CENIDE
| | - Juan Bisquert
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Ivan Mora-Sero
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
| | - Germà Garcia-Belmonte
- Photovoltaics and Optoelectronic Devices Group
- Departament de Física
- 12071 Castelló
- Spain
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20
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Oh SJ, Wang Z, Berry NE, Choi JH, Zhao T, Gaulding EA, Paik T, Lai Y, Murray CB, Kagan CR. Engineering charge injection and charge transport for high performance PbSe nanocrystal thin film devices and circuits. NANO LETTERS 2014; 14:6210-6. [PMID: 25298154 DOI: 10.1021/nl502491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We study charge injection and transport in PbSe nanocrystal thin films. By engineering the contact metallurgy and nanocrystal ligand exchange chemistry and surface passivation, we demonstrate partial Fermi-level pinning at the metal-nanocrystal interface and an insulator-to-metal transition with increased coupling and doping, allowing us to design high conductivity and mobility PbSe nanocrystal films. We construct complementary nanocrystal circuits from n-type and p-type transistors realized from a single nanocrystal material by selecting the contact metallurgy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, ‡Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, and §Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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21
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Yamada T, Haruyama Y, Kasai K, Kaji T, Tominari Y, Tanaka S, Otomo A. Transparent conductive oxide electrode dependence of photocurrent characteristics in bacteriorhodopsin photocells. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Ko DK, Brown PR, Bawendi MG, Bulović V. p-i-n Heterojunction solar cells with a colloidal quantum-dot absorber layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4845-50. [PMID: 24862978 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201401250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A quantum-dot (QD) p-i-n heterojunction solar cell with an increased depletion region is demonstrated by depleting the QD layer from both the front and back junctions. Due to a combination of improved charged extraction and increased light absorption, a 120% increase in the short-circuit current is achieved compared with that of conventional ZnO/QD devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Kyun Ko
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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23
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Hyun BR, Choi JJ, Seyler KL, Hanrath T, Wise FW. Heterojunction PbS nanocrystal solar cells with oxide charge-transport layers. ACS NANO 2013; 7:10938-10947. [PMID: 24274761 DOI: 10.1021/nn404457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxides are commonly employed as electron-transport layers in optoelectronic devices based on semiconductor nanocrystals, but are relatively rare as hole-transport layers. We report studies of NiO hole-transport layers in PbS nanocrystal photovoltaic structures. Transient fluorescence experiments are used to verify the relevant energy levels for hole transfer. On the basis of these results, planar heterojunction devices with ZnO as the photoanode and NiO as the photocathode were fabricated and characterized. Solution-processed devices were used to systematically study the dependence on nanocrystal size and achieve conversion efficiency as high as 2.5%. Optical modeling indicates that optimum performance should be obtained with thinner oxide layers than can be produced reliably by solution casting. Room-temperature sputtering allows deposition of oxide layers as thin as 10 nm, which enables optimization of device performance with respect to the thickness of the charge-transport layers. The best devices achieve an open-circuit voltage of 0.72 V and efficiency of 5.3% while eliminating most organic material from the structure and being compatible with tandem structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ryool Hyun
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics and ‡School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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24
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Mora-Sero I, Bertoluzzi L, Gonzalez-Pedro V, Gimenez S, Fabregat-Santiago F, Kemp KW, Sargent EH, Bisquert J. Erratum: Selective contacts drive charge extraction in quantum dot solids via asymmetry in carrier transfer kinetics. Nat Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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