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Usmani MA, Ghaffar A, Shahzad M, Akram J, Majeed AI, Malik K, Fatima K, Khan AA, Ahmed ZM, Riazuddin S, Riazuddin S. A Missense Variant in HACE1 Is Associated with Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, Spasticity, and Psychomotor Impairment in a Pakistani Kindred. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:580. [PMID: 38790209 PMCID: PMC11121239 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID), which affects around 2% to 3% of the population, accounts for 0.63% of the overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). ID is characterized by limitations in a person's intellectual and adaptive functioning, and is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 1000 genes. Here, we report a rare missense variant (c.350T>C; p.(Leu117Ser)) in HACE1 segregating with NDD syndrome with clinical features including ID, epilepsy, spasticity, global developmental delay, and psychomotor impairment in two siblings of a consanguineous Pakistani kindred. HACE1 encodes a HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1), which is involved in protein ubiquitination, localization, and cell division. HACE1 is also predicted to interact with several proteins that have been previously implicated in the ID phenotype in humans. The p.(Leu117Ser) variant replaces an evolutionarily conserved residue of HACE1 and is predicted to be deleterious by various in silico algorithms. Previously, eleven protein truncating variants of HACE1 have been reported in individuals with NDD. However, to our knowledge, p.(Leu117Ser) is the second missense variant in HACE1 found in an individual with NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. Usmani
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Amama Ghaffar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Shahzad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Javed Akram
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Aisha I. Majeed
- Department of Radiology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Kausar Malik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Khushbakht Fatima
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore 54500, Pakistan;
| | - Asma A. Khan
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
| | - Zubair M. Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; (M.S.); (J.A.); (S.R.)
- Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54550, Pakistan
| | - Saima Riazuddin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.A.U.); (A.G.)
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54500, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Düring J, Wolter M, Toplak JJ, Torres C, Dybkov O, Fokkens TJ, Bohnsack KE, Urlaub H, Steinchen W, Dienemann C, Lorenz S. Structural mechanisms of autoinhibition and substrate recognition by the ubiquitin ligase HACE1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:364-377. [PMID: 38332367 PMCID: PMC10873202 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin ligases (E3s) are pivotal specificity determinants in the ubiquitin system by selecting substrates and decorating them with distinct ubiquitin signals. However, structure determination of the underlying, specific E3-substrate complexes has proven challenging owing to their transient nature. In particular, it is incompletely understood how members of the catalytic cysteine-driven class of HECT-type ligases (HECTs) position substrate proteins for modification. Here, we report a cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the full-length human HECT HACE1, along with solution-based conformational analyses by small-angle X-ray scattering and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Structure-based functional analyses in vitro and in cells reveal that the activity of HACE1 is stringently regulated by dimerization-induced autoinhibition. The inhibition occurs at the first step of the catalytic cycle and is thus substrate-independent. We use mechanism-based chemical crosslinking to reconstitute a complex of activated, monomeric HACE1 with its major substrate, RAC1, determine its structure by cryo-EM and validate the binding mode by solution-based analyses. Our findings explain how HACE1 achieves selectivity in ubiquitinating the active, GTP-loaded state of RAC1 and establish a framework for interpreting mutational alterations of the HACE1-RAC1 interplay in disease. More broadly, this work illuminates central unexplored aspects in the architecture, conformational dynamics, regulation and specificity of full-length HECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Düring
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Madita Wolter
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julia J Toplak
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Camilo Torres
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Olexandr Dybkov
- Research Group 'Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thornton J Fokkens
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Henning Urlaub
- Research Group 'Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 'Bioanalytics', Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- 'Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells', University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Department of Chemistry, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Dienemann
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Lorenz
- Research Group 'Ubiquitin Signaling Specificity', Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
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Hace1 overexpression mitigates myocardial hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via the effects on Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:830-839. [PMID: 36251153 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00725-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (Hace1) is a crucial mediator of multiple pathological disorders. However, there are few studies regarding the role of Hace1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Here, we studied the functional role of Hace1 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury using hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-injured cardiac cells in vitro. Reduced levels of Hace1 were observed in H/R-exposed cardiac cells. Hace1-overexpressed cardiac cells were resistant to H/R injuries with reduced apoptosis, lowered oxidative stress, and a suppressed inflammatory response. Subsequent analysis revealed that Hace1 overexpression enhanced the activation of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and increased the transcriptional activity of Nrf2 in H/R-exposed cardiac cells. The knockout of kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) diminished the regulatory role of Hace1 on Nrf2 activation. Additionally, inhibiting Nrf2 reversed Hace1-elicited cardioprotective effects in H/R-injured cardiac cells. In short, these data demonstrated that Hace1 overexpression mitigated myocardial H/R injury by enhancing the Nrf2 pathway via Keap1. This work underlines a possible role of Hace1 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and suggests Hace1 as a candidate target for exploiting cardioprotective therapy.
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Zang CX, Wang L, Yang HY, Shang JM, Liu H, Zhang ZH, Ju C, Yuan FY, Li FY, Bao XQ, Zhang D. HACE1 negatively regulates neuroinflammation through ubiquitylating and degrading Rac1 in Parkinson's disease models. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:285-294. [PMID: 34593974 PMCID: PMC8792019 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. HACE1 (HECT domain and Ankyrin repeat Containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) is a tumor suppressor. Recent evidence suggests that HACE1 may be involved in oxidative stress responses. Due to the critical role of ROS in neuroinflammation, we speculated that HACE1 might participate in neuroinflammation and related neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD. In this study, we investigated the role of HACE1 in neuroinflammation of PD models. We showed that HACE1 knockdown exacerbated LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells in vitro through suppressing ubiquitination and degradation of activated Rac1, an NADPH oxidase subunit. Furthermore, we showed that HACE1 exerted vital neuronal protection through increasing Rac1 activity and stability in LPS-treated SH-SY5Y cells, as HACE1 knockdown leading to lower tolerance to LPS challenge. In MPTP-induced acute PD mouse model, HACE1 knockdown exacerbated motor deficits by activating Rac1. Finally, mutant α-synuclein (A53T)-overexpressing mice, a chronic PD mouse model, exhibited age-dependent reduction of HACE1 levels in the midbrain and striatum, implicating that HACE1 participated in PD pathological progression. This study for the first time demonstrates that HACE1 is a negative regulator of neuroinflammation and involved in the PD pathogenesis by regulating Rac1 activity. The data support HACE1 as a potential target for PD and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-xia Zang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Lu Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Han-yu Yang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Jun-mei Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Hui Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Zi-hong Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Cheng Ju
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Fang-yu Yuan
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Fang-yuan Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xiu-qi Bao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Dan Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
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The Role of HECT-Type E3 Ligase in the Development of Cardiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116065. [PMID: 34199773 PMCID: PMC8199989 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in medicine, cardiac disease remains an increasing health problem associated with a high mortality rate. Maladaptive cardiac remodeling, such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, is a risk factor for heart failure; therefore, it is critical to identify new therapeutic targets. Failing heart is reported to be associated with hyper-ubiquitylation and impairment of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, indicating an importance of ubiquitylation in the development of cardiac disease. Ubiquitylation is a post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in protein function and degradation. In 1995, homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) type E3 ligases were discovered. E3 ligases are key enzymes in ubiquitylation and are classified into three families: really interesting new genes (RING), HECT, and RING-between-RINGs (RBRs). Moreover, 28 HECT-type E3 ligases have been identified in human beings. It is well conserved in evolution and is characterized by the direct attachment of ubiquitin to substrates. HECT-type E3 ligase is reported to be involved in a wide range of human diseases and health. The role of HECT-type E3 ligases in the development of cardiac diseases has been uncovered in the last decade. There are only a few review articles summarizing recent advancements regarding HECT-type E3 ligase in the field of cardiac disease. This study focused on cardiac remodeling and described the role of HECT-type E3 ligases in the development of cardiac disease. Moreover, this study revealed that the current knowledge could be exploited for the development of new clinical therapies.
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Singh S, Ng J, Sivaraman J. Exploring the "Other" subfamily of HECT E3-ligases for therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107809. [PMID: 33607149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The HECT E3 ligase family regulates key cellular signaling pathways, with its 28 members divided into three subfamilies: NEDD4 subfamily (9 members), HERC subfamily (6 members) and "Other" subfamily (13 members). Here, we focus on the less-explored "Other" subfamily and discuss the recent findings pertaining to their biological roles. The N-terminal regions preceding the conserved HECT domains are significantly diverse in length and sequence composition, and are mostly unstructured, except for short regions that incorporate known substrate-binding domains. In some of the better-characterized "Other" members (e.g., HUWE1, AREL1 and UBE3C), structure analysis shows that the extended region (~ aa 50) adjacent to the HECT domain affects the stability and activity of the protein. The enzymatic activity is also influenced by interactions with different adaptor proteins and inter/intramolecular interactions. Primarily, the "Other" subfamily members assemble atypical ubiquitin linkages, with some cooperating with E3 ligases from the other subfamilies to form branched ubiquitin chains on substrates. Viruses and pathogenic bacteria target and hijack the activities of "Other" subfamily members to evade host immune responses and cause diseases. As such, these HECT E3 ligases have emerged as potential candidates for therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Joel Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Palicharla VR, Gupta D, Bhattacharya D, Maddika S. Ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation of Spindlin-1 by the E3 ligase HACE1 contributes to cell-cell adhesion. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:491-506. [PMID: 33421097 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
HECT-E3 ligases play an essential role in catalyzing the transfer of ubiquitin to protein substrates. The noncatalytic roles of HECT-E3 ligases in cells are unknown. Here, we report that a HECT-E3 ligase, HACE1, functions as an adaptor independent of its E3 ligase activity. We identified Spindlin-1, a histone reader, as a new HACE1-associated protein. Interestingly, we found that HACE1 promotes Spindlin-1 degradation via the proteasome in an ubiquitination-independent manner. Functionally, we demonstrated that the loss of HACE1 results in weak cell-cell adhesion due to Spindlin-1-mediated accumulation of GDNF, a negative regulator of cell adhesion. Together, our data suggest that HACE1 acts as a molecular adaptor and plays an important noncatalytic role in presenting selected substrates directly to the proteasome for degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Reddy Palicharla
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, India
| | - Devanshi Gupta
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, India.,Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Debjani Bhattacharya
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, India
| | - Subbareddy Maddika
- Laboratory of Cell Death & Cell Survival, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), Uppal, India
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Structural Insights into Ankyrin Repeat-Containing Proteins and Their Influence in Ubiquitylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020609. [PMID: 33435370 PMCID: PMC7826745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat (AR) domains are considered the most abundant repeat motif found in eukaryotic proteins. AR domains are predominantly known to mediate specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) without necessarily recognizing specific primary sequences, nor requiring strict conformity within its own primary sequence. This promiscuity allows for one AR domain to recognize and bind to a variety of intracellular substrates, suggesting that AR-containing proteins may be involved in a wide array of functions. Many AR-containing proteins serve a critical role in biological processes including the ubiquitylation signaling pathway (USP). There is also strong evidence that AR-containing protein malfunction are associated with several neurological diseases and disorders. In this review, the structure and mechanism of key AR-containing proteins are discussed to suggest and/or identify how each protein utilizes their AR domains to support ubiquitylation and the cascading pathways that follow upon substrate modification.
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A proteolytic method for evaluating O-GlcNAcylation on proteins of similar molecular weight to antibody heavy chain after immunoprecipitation. Anal Biochem 2020; 611:114001. [PMID: 33129762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Investigating a protein of interest that runs at the same molecular weight as antibody heavy chain is a frequent deterrent to its evaluation by immunoprecipitation. Methods of minimizing the detection of the immunoprecipitating antibody are available. However, these still present a barrier to evaluating if intracellular proteins are modified by the O-GlcNAc post-translation protein modification due to interfering glycosylation on antibodies. IdeZ protease specifically cleaves antibody at the hinge region, allowing collapse of the antibody fragments to 25 kDa after denaturation. Thus, this proteolytic method uniquely allows evaluation of O-GlcNAcylation of proteins of interest formerly obscured by antibody heavy chain.
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Ugarteburu O, Sánchez-Vilés M, Ramos J, Barcos-Rodríguez T, Garrabou G, García-Villoria J, Ribes A, Tort F. Physiopathological Bases of the Disease Caused by HACE1 Mutations: Alterations in Autophagy, Mitophagy and Oxidative Stress Response. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9040913. [PMID: 32225089 PMCID: PMC7231286 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9040913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive HACE1 mutations are associated with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder (OMIM: 616756). However, the physiopathologycal bases of the disease are yet to be completely clarified. Whole-exome sequencing identified homozygous HACE1 mutations (c.240C>A, p.Cys80Ter) in a patient with brain atrophy, psychomotor retardation and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction. To elucidate the pathomechanisms underlying HACE1 deficiency, a comprehensive molecular analysis was performed in patient fibroblasts. Western Blot demonstrated the deleterious effect of the mutation, as the complete absence of HACE1 protein was observed. Immunofluorescence studies showed an increased number of LC3 puncta together with the normal initiation of the autophagic cascade, indicating a reduction in the autophagic flux. Oxidative stress response was also impaired in HACE1 fibroblasts, as shown by the reduced NQO1 and Hmox1 mRNA levels observed in H2O2-treated cells. High levels of lipid peroxidation, consistent with accumulated oxidative damage, were also detected. Although the patient phenotype could resemble a mitochondrial defect, the analysis of the mitochondrial function showed no major abnormalities. However, an important increase in mitochondrial oxidative stress markers and a strong reduction in the mitophagic flux were observed, suggesting that the recycling of damaged mitochondria might be targeted in HACE1 cells. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that the impairment of autophagy, mitophagy and oxidative damage response might be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Ugarteburu
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sánchez-Vilés
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julio Ramos
- Hospital of Torrecardenas, 04009 Almeria, Spain
| | - Tamara Barcos-Rodríguez
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gloria Garrabou
- Muscle Research and Mitochondrial Function Laboratory, Cellex-IDIBAPS, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science-University of Barcelona, Internal Medicine Service-Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, CIBERER, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit García-Villoria
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonia Ribes
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Frederic Tort
- Section of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (F.T.)
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Zhang N, Zhang Y, Wu B, You S, Sun Y. Role of WW domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 in modulating ubiquitination and Degradation of Septin4 in oxidative stress endothelial injury. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101419. [PMID: 31924572 PMCID: PMC6951091 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress-associated endothelial injury is the initial event and major cause of multiple cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertensive angiopathy. A protein homeostasis imbalance is a critical cause of endothelial injury, and homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT)-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are the core factors controlling protein homeostasis. Although HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in the regulation of cardiac development and diseases, their roles in endothelial injury remain largely unknown. This study aimed to identify which HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase is involved in endothelial injury and clarify the mechanisms at molecular, cellular, and organism levels. We revealed a novel role of the HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP2 in regulating endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. Endothelial/myeloid-specific WWP2 knockout in mice significantly aggravated angiotensin II/oxidative stress-induced endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. The same results were obtained from in vitro experiments. Mechanistically, the endothelial injury factor Septin4 was identified as a novel physiological substrate of WWP2. In addition, WWP2 interacted with the GTPase domain of Septin4, ubiquitinating Septin4-K174 to degrade Septin4 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which inhibited the Septin4-PARP1 endothelial damage complex. These results identified the first endothelial injury-associated physiological pathway regulated by HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligases in vivo as well as a unique proteolytic mechanism through which WWP2 controls endothelial injury and vascular remodeling after endothelial injury. These findings might provide a novel treatment strategy for oxidative stress-associated atherosclerosis and hypertensive vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Boquan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Shilong You
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China.
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12
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Shaping Striated Muscles with Ubiquitin Proteasome System in Health and Disease. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:760-774. [PMID: 31235369 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For long-lived contractile cells, such as striated muscle cells, maintaining proteome integrity is a challenging task. These cells require hundreds of components that must be properly synthesized, folded, and incorporated into the basic contractile unit, the sarcomere. Muscle protein quality control in cells is mainly guaranteed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the lysosome-autophagy system, and various molecular chaperones. Recent studies establish the concept of dedicated UPS in the regulation of sarcomere assembly during development and in adult life to maintain the intricate and interwoven organization of protein complexes in muscle. Failure of sarcomere protein quality control often represents the basis of severe myopathies and cardiomyopathies in human, further highlighting its importance in producing and maintaining the contractile machinery of muscle cells in shape.
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13
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Oxygen sensor FIH inhibits HACE1-dependent ubiquitination of Rac1 to enhance metastatic potential in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:3651-3666. [PMID: 30659265 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is an indispensable element for cell survival and maintenance. Eukaryotic cells are equipped with a series of signaling pathways that cope with hypoxia. The dioxygenase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) is an oxygen sensor that regulates the transcriptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) through asparaginyl hydroxylation. Given that HACE1 was detected as an FIH-interacting protein in a previous proteomics study, we tested whether the E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is a substrate for FIH. FIH interacted with HACE1, in cells and in vitro, and was determined to hydroxylate HACE1 at the N191 residue within the ankyrin repeat domain. Hydroxylation disrupted the physical association between HACE1 and its representative target, Rac1. Under hypoxic conditions, HACE1 is less hydroxylated due to the inactivation of FIH, and subsequently functions to ubiquitinate the active form of Rac1, leading to the proteasomal degradation of Rac1. Since Rac1 stimulates cell movement, HACE1 inhibits cell migration and invasion in breast cancer by removing active Rac1. Such an effect of HACE1 is reinforced under hypoxia because HACE1 escapes from FIH-mediated hydroxylation. In clinical datasets, HACE1 downregulation is associated with poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer. Taken together, FIH is likely to act as an oxygen sensor that determines oxygen-dependent cancer progression.
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14
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El-Naggar AM, Clarkson PW, Negri GL, Turgu B, Zhang F, Anglesio MS, Sorensen PH. HACE1 is a potential tumor suppressor in osteosarcoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:21. [PMID: 30622235 PMCID: PMC6325116 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone sarcoma characterized by extensive genomic disruption and a propensity for metastatic spread. Osteoid production suggests a close relationship with normal osteoblasts, and the latter are the presumptive cell of origin of this disease. The HACE1 gene, localized to human chromosome 6q21, encodes the HACE1 HECT E3 ligase, a tumor suppressor in diverse tumors that acts in part by targeting the activated form of RAC1 GTPase for proteasomal degradation. Disruption or loss of 6q21 is relatively common in osteosarcomas, and Hace1-/-/Tp53+/- mice frequently develop osteosarcomas, in contrast to Tp53+/- mice, which do not. This suggests an unexplored link between HACE1 loss and osteosarcoma. Here we compared HACE1 expression in normal osteoblasts and osteosarcoma cell lines in vitro by western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR, and in human osteosarcoma specimens by immunohistochemistry. Both HACE1 transcript and protein levels were reduced in osteosarcoma compared to osteoblasts in vitro. Reduced HACE1 expression in osteosarcoma tumors was observed in 76% of cases and associated with high-grade lesions. Further, clonally derived pairs of high and low metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines showed significant downregulation in the high compared to corresponding low metastatic cells. Ectopic expression of HACE1 markedly inhibited anchorage-independent growth and cell motility of HACE1 osteosarcoma cell lines, and was associated with reduced RAC1 activation and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS). Finally, HACE1 overexpression blocked osteosarcoma xenograft growth and dramatically reduced pulmonary metastases. These findings point to a potential tumor suppressor function for HACE1 in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M El-Naggar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Paul W Clarkson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Gian Luca Negri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Busra Turgu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael S Anglesio
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. .,Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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15
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Ho M, Mettouchi A, Wilson BA, Lemichez E. CNF1-like deamidase domains: common Lego bricks among cancer-promoting immunomodulatory bacterial virulence factors. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4992304. [PMID: 29733372 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of the cellular proteome over time due to spontaneous or toxin-mediated enzymatic deamidation of glutamine (Gln) and asparagine (Asn) residues contribute to bacterial infection and might represent a source of aging-related diseases. Here, we put into perspective what is known about the mode of action of the CNF1 toxin from pathogenic Escherichia coli, a paradigm of bacterial deamidases that activate Rho GTPases, to illustrate the importance of determining whether exposure to these factors are risk factors in the etiology age-related diseases, such as cancer. In particular, through in silico analysis of the distribution of the CNF1-like deamidase active site Gly-Cys-(Xaa)n-His sequence motif in bacterial genomes, we unveil the wide distribution of the super-family of CNF-like toxins and CNF-like deamidase domains among members of the Enterobacteriacae and in association with a large variety of toxin delivery systems. We extent our discussion with recent findings concerning cellular systems that control activated Rac1 GTPase stability and provide protection against cancer. These findings point to the urgency for developing holistic approaches toward personalized medicine that include monitoring for asymptomatic carriage of pathogenic toxin-producing bacteria and that ultimately might lead to improved public health and increased lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Ho
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Amel Mettouchi
- Bacterial Toxins Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
| | - Brenda A Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Emmanuel Lemichez
- Bacterial Toxins Unit, Department of Microbiology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris, France
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16
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Wang KS, Liu Y, Gong S, Xu C, Xie X, Wang L, Luo X. Bayesian Cox Proportional Hazards Model in Survival Analysis of HACE1 Gene with Age at Onset of Alzheimer's Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3. [PMID: 29430571 DOI: 10.23937/2469-5831/1510014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a chronic neurodegenerative disease. The HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) gene is expressed in human brain and may play a role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Till now, no previous study has reported the association of the HACE1 gene with the risk and age at onset (AAO) of AD; while few studies have checked the proportional hazards assumption in the survival analysis of AAO of AD using Cox proportional hazards model. In this study, we examined the associations of 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the HACE1 gene with the risk and the AAO of AD using 791 AD patients and 782 controls. Multiple logistic regression model identified one SNP (rs9499937 with p = 1.8×10-3) to be associated with the risk of AD. For survival analysis of AAO, both classic Cox regression model and Bayesian survival analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model were applied to examine the association of each SNP with the AAO. The hazards ratio (HR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated. Survival analysis using the classic Cox regression model showed that 4 SNPs were significantly associated with the AAO (top SNP rs9499937 with HR=1.33, 95%CI=1.13-1.57, p=5.0×10-4). Bayesian Cox regression model showed similar but a slightly stronger associations (top SNP rs9499937 with HR=1.34, 95%CI=1.11-1.55) compared with the classic Cox regression model. Using an independent family-based sample, one SNP rs9486018 was associated with the risk of AD (p=0.0323) and the T-T-G haplotype from rs9786015, rs9486018 and rs4079063 showed associations with both the risk and AAO of AD (p=2.27×10-3 and 0.0487, respectively). The findings of this study provide first evidence that several genetic variants in the HACE1 gene were associated with the risk and AAO of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Sheng Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Shaoqing Gong
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chun Xu
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Affairs, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business and Technology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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17
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Group-I PAKs-mediated phosphorylation of HACE1 at serine 385 regulates its oligomerization state and Rac1 ubiquitination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1410. [PMID: 29362425 PMCID: PMC5780496 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of Rac1 by HACE1-mediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation is emerging as an essential element in the maintenance of cell homeostasis. However, how the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of HACE1 is regulated remains undetermined. Using a proteomic approach, we identified serine 385 as a target of group-I PAK kinases downstream Rac1 activation by CNF1 toxin from pathogenic E. coli. Moreover, cell treatment with VEGF also promotes Ser-385 phosphorylation of HACE1. We have established in vitro that HACE1 is a direct target of PAK1 kinase activity. Mechanistically, we found that the phospho-mimetic mutant HACE1(S385E), as opposed to HACE1(S385A), displays a lower capacity to ubiquitinate Rac1 in cells. Concomitantly, phosphorylation of Ser-385 plays a pivotal role in controlling the oligomerization state of HACE1. Finally, Ser-385 phosphorylated form of HACE1 localizes in the cytosol away from its target Rac1. Together, our data point to a feedback inhibition of HACE1 ubiquitination activity on Rac1 by group-I PAK kinases.
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18
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Razaghi B, Steele SL, Prykhozhij SV, Stoyek MR, Hill JA, Cooper MD, McDonald L, Lin W, Daugaard M, Crapoulet N, Chacko S, Lewis SM, Scott IC, Sorensen PHB, Berman JN. hace1 Influences zebrafish cardiac development via ROS-dependent mechanisms. Dev Dyn 2017; 247:289-303. [PMID: 29024245 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we reveal a previously undescribed role of the HACE1 (HECT domain and Ankyrin repeat Containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1) tumor suppressor protein in normal vertebrate heart development using the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. We examined the link between the cardiac phenotypes associated with hace1 loss of function to the expression of the Rho small family GTPase, rac1, which is a known target of HACE1 and promotes ROS production via its interaction with NADPH oxidase holoenzymes. RESULTS We demonstrate that loss of hace1 in zebrafish via morpholino knockdown results in cardiac deformities, specifically a looping defect, where the heart is either tubular or "inverted". Whole-mount in situ hybridization of cardiac markers shows distinct abnormalities in ventricular morphology and atrioventricular valve formation in the hearts of these morphants, as well as increased expression of rac1. Importantly, this phenotype appears to be directly related to Nox enzyme-dependent ROS production, as both genetic inhibition by nox1 and nox2 morpholinos or pharmacologic rescue using ROS scavenging agents restores normal cardiac structure. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that HACE1 is critical in the normal development and proper function of the vertebrate heart via a ROS-dependent mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 247:289-303, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Razaghi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shelby L Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Sergey V Prykhozhij
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew R Stoyek
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jessica A Hill
- Department of Marine Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Matthew D Cooper
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lindsay McDonald
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - William Lin
- Undergraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Simi Chacko
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stephen M Lewis
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ian C Scott
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Poul H B Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason N Berman
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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19
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Yokoe S, Asahi M. Phospholamban Is Downregulated by pVHL-Mediated Degradation through Oxidative Stress in Failing Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112232. [PMID: 29068413 PMCID: PMC5713202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase, von Hippel–Lindau (VHL), regulates protein expression by polyubiquitination. Although the protein VHL (pVHL) was reported to be involved in the heart function, the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that pVHL was upregulated in hearts from two types of genetically dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) mice models. In comparison with the wild-type mouse, both DCM mice models showed a significant reduction in the expression of phospholamban (PLN), a potent inhibitor of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, and enhanced interaction between pVHL and PLN. To clarify whether pVHL is involved in PLN degradation in failing hearts, we used carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), a mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP)-lowering reagent, to mimic the heart failure condition in PLN-expressing HEK293 cells and found that CCCP treatment resulted in PLN degradation and increased interaction between PLN and pVHL. However, these effects were reversed with the addition of N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Furthermore, the co-transfection of VHL and PLN in HEK293 cells decreased PLN expression under oxidative stress, whereas knockdown of VHL increased PLN expression both under normal and oxidative stress conditions. Together, we propose that oxidative stress upregulates pVHL expression to induce PLN degradation in failing hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Yokoe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Michio Asahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
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20
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Trader DJ, Simanski S, Dickson P, Kodadek T. Establishment of a suite of assays that support the discovery of proteasome stimulators. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:892-899. [PMID: 28065760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The proteasome catalyzes the degradation of many mis-folded proteins, which are otherwise cytotoxic. There is interest in the discovery of proteasome agonists, but previous efforts to do so have been disappointing. METHODS The cleavage of small fluorogenic peptides is used routinely as an assay to screen for proteasome modulators. We have developed follow-on assays that employ more physiologically relevant substrates. RESULTS To demonstrate the efficacy of this workflow, the NIH Clinical Collection (NCC) was screened. While many compounds stimulated proteasome-mediated proteolysis of the pro-fluorogenic peptide substrates, most failed to evince activity in assays with larger peptide or protein substrates. We also show that two molecules claimed previously to be proteasome agonists, oleuropein and betulinic acid, indeed accelerate hydrolysis of the fluorogenic substrate, but have no effect on the turnover of a mis-folded protein in vitro or in cellulo. However, two small molecules from the NCC, MK-866 and AM-404, stimulate the proteasome-mediated turnover of a mis-folded protein in living cells by 3- to 4-fold. CONCLUSION Assays that monitor the proteasome-mediated degradation of larger peptides and proteins can distinguish bona fide agonists from compounds only able to stimulate the cleavage of short, non-physiologically relevant peptides. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A suite of assays has been established that allows the discovery of bona fide proteasome agonists. AM-404 and MK-866 can be useful tools for cell culture experiments, and can serve as scaffolds to generate more potent 20S stimulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darci J Trader
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Scott Simanski
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Paige Dickson
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States
| | - Thomas Kodadek
- Departments of Chemistry and Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL 33458, United States.
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21
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Gao ZF, Wu YN, Bai ZT, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Li X. Tumor-suppressive role of HACE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical significance. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3427-3435. [PMID: 27805249 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that downregulation or deletion of HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) gene plays an important role in the occurrence, invasion and metastasis process in many human malignancies and is closely related to prognosis. However, sparse evidence exists concerning the precise function and clinical significance of HACE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we investigated the expression pattern of HACE1 in HCC tissues and cell lines, and determined the potential functions of HACE1 in HCC cell lines and evaluated the relationships between HACE1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. Protein and mRNA expression levels of HACE1 in human HCC tissues and cell lines were examined by western blot analysis, quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. IHC was used to analyze the correlations between HACE1 expression and clinicopathological features. HACE1 was upregulated in SMCC7721 cells by transfection with pcDNA3.1-HACE1 and Huh7 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting HACE1 for downregulation. Cell Counting Κit-8, Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the effects of the overexpression and knockdown of HACE1 on cellular proliferation and migration. The results revealed that HACE1 expression was lower in the HCC tissues and cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels compared to levels noted in the matched non‑tumor tissues and the normal liver cell line L02. Knockdown of HACE1 in Huh7 cells accelerated cell proliferation and migration (P<0.05), and overexpression of HACE1 in SMCC7721 cells was found to decrease the capacity for proliferation and migration (P<0.01). The results of IHC suggested that the HACE1 expression level was closely related to the serum AFP level, tumor differentiation and vascular invasion (P<0.05). Patients with low HACE1 expression levels exhibited poorer overall survival and HACE1 was found to be an independent prognostic factor for survival. In conclusion, as a tumor suppressor, HACE1 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Fa Gao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Na Wu
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Tian Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- The Second Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University (The Branch Hospital of Donggang), Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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22
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Iimura A, Yamazaki F, Suzuki T, Endo T, Nishida E, Kusakabe M. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Hace1 is required for early embryonic development in Xenopus laevis. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2016; 16:31. [PMID: 27653971 PMCID: PMC5031333 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-016-0132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1) regulates a wide variety of cellular processes. It has been shown that one of the targets of HACE1 is the GTP-bound form of the small GTPase Rac1. However, the role of HACE1 in early development remains unknown. RESULTS In situ hybridization revealed that Xenopus laevis hace1 is specifically expressed in the ectoderm at the blastula and gastrula stages and in the epidermis, branchial arch, kidney, and central nervous system at the tailbud stage. Knockdown of hace1 in Xenopus laevis embryos via antisense morpholino oligonucleotides led to defects in body axis elongation, pigment formation, and eye formation at the tadpole stage. Experiments with Keller sandwich explants showed that hace1 knockdown inhibited convergent extension, a morphogenetic movement known to be crucial for body axis elongation. In addition, time lapse imaging of whole embryos during the neurula stage indicated that hace1 knockdown also delayed neural tube closure. The defects caused by hace1 knockdown were partly rescued by knockdown of rac1. Moreover, embryos expressing a constitutively active form of Rac1 displayed phenotypes similar to those of embryos with hace1 knocked down. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Xenopus laevis hace1 plays an important role in early embryonic development, possibly via regulation of Rac1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Fuhito Yamazaki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Endo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Eisuke Nishida
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Morioh Kusakabe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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23
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Wang S, Wang Z, Fan Q, Guo J, Galli G, Du G, Wang X, Xiao W. Ginkgolide K protects the heart against endoplasmic reticulum stress injury by activating the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X box-binding protein-1 pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2402-18. [PMID: 27186946 PMCID: PMC4945765 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is increasingly recognized as an important causal factor of many diseases. Targeting ER stress has now emerged as a new therapeutic strategy for treating cardiovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effects and underlying mechanism of ginkgolide K (1,10-dihydroxy-3,14-didehydroginkgolide, GK) on cardiac ER stress. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell death, apoptosis and ER stress-related signalling pathways were measured in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, treated with the ER stress inducers tunicamycin, hydrogen peroxide and thapsigargin. Acute myocardial infarction was established using left coronary artery occlusion in mice, and infarct size was measured by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Echocardiography was used to assess heart function and transmission electron microscopy for evaluating ER expansion. KEY RESULTS Ginkgolide K (GK) significantly decreased ER stress-induced cell death in both in vitro and in vivo models. In ischaemic injured mice, GK treatment reduced infarct size, rescued heart dysfunction and ameliorated ER dilation. Mechanistic studies revealed that the beneficial effects of GK occurred through enhancement of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)/X box-binding protein-1 (XBP1) activity, which in turn led to increased ER-associated degradation-mediated clearance of misfolded proteins and autophagy. In addition, GK was also able to partly repress the pro-apoptotic action of regulated IRE1-dependent decay and JNK pathway. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, GK acts through selective activation of the IRE1α/XBP1 pathway to limit ER stress injury. GK is revealed as a promising therapeutic agent to ameliorate ER stress for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubao Wang
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug ScreeningInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical ProcessLianyungangChina
| | - Qiru Fan
- State Key Laboratory of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical ProcessLianyungangChina
- Faculty of Life Science and TechnologyChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jing Guo
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Gina Galli
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug ScreeningInstitute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Life SciencesThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of New‐tech for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical ProcessLianyungangChina
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24
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HACE1 Negatively Regulates Virus-Triggered Type I IFN Signaling by Impeding the Formation of the MAVS-TRAF3 Complex. Viruses 2016; 8:v8050146. [PMID: 27213432 PMCID: PMC4885101 DOI: 10.3390/v8050146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During virus infection, the cascade signaling pathway that leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines is controlled at multiple levels to avoid detrimental overreaction. HACE1 has been characterized as an important tumor suppressor. Here, we identified HACE1 as an important negative regulator of virus-triggered type I IFN signaling. Overexpression of HACE1 inhibited Sendai virus- or poly (I:C)-induced signaling and resulted in reduced IFNB1 production and enhanced virus replication. Knockdown of HACE1 expression exhibited the opposite effects. Ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of the dead mutant HACE1/C876A had a comparable inhibitory function as WT HACE1, suggesting that the suppressive function of HACE1 on virus-induced signaling is independent of its E3 ligase activity. Further study indicated that HACE1 acted downstream of MAVS and upstream of TBK1. Mechanistic studies showed that HACE1 exerts its inhibitory role on virus-induced signaling by disrupting the MAVS-TRAF3 complex. Therefore, we uncovered a novel function of HACE1 in innate immunity regulation.
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25
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Tortola L, Nitsch R, Bertrand MJM, Kogler M, Redouane Y, Kozieradzki I, Uribesalgo I, Fennell LM, Daugaard M, Klug H, Wirnsberger G, Wimmer R, Perlot T, Sarao R, Rao S, Hanada T, Takahashi N, Kernbauer E, Demiröz D, Lang M, Superti-Furga G, Decker T, Pichler A, Ikeda F, Kroemer G, Vandenabeele P, Sorensen PH, Penninger JM. The Tumor Suppressor Hace1 Is a Critical Regulator of TNFR1-Mediated Cell Fate. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1481-1492. [PMID: 27160902 PMCID: PMC4893156 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HECT domain E3 ligase HACE1 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. Here, we report that HACE1 is a central gatekeeper of TNFR1-induced cell fate. Genetic inactivation of HACE1 inhibits TNF-stimulated NF-κB activation and TNFR1-NF-κB-dependent pathogen clearance in vivo. Moreover, TNF-induced apoptosis was impaired in hace1 mutant cells and knockout mice in vivo. Mechanistically, HACE1 is essential for the ubiquitylation of the adaptor protein TRAF2 and formation of the apoptotic caspase-8 effector complex. Intriguingly, loss of HACE1 does not impair TNFR1-mediated necroptotic cell fate via RIP1 and RIP3 kinases. Loss of HACE1 predisposes animals to colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis in vivo, which is markedly alleviated by genetic inactivation of RIP3 kinase and TNFR1. Thus, HACE1 controls TNF-elicited cell fate decisions and exerts tumor suppressor and anti-inflammatory activities via a TNFR1-RIP3 kinase-necroptosis pathway. Hace1 deficiency impairs TNF-driven NF-κB activation and apoptosis Necroptosis via RIP1/RIP3/MLKL is still functional in the absence of Hace1 Hace1–/– animals show enhanced severity of colitis and colon cancer Genetic inactivation of RIP3 and TNFR1 reverts the phenotype of hace1–/– mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roberto Nitsch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria; Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal 431 83, Sweden
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Melanie Kogler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Younes Redouane
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivona Kozieradzki
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Iris Uribesalgo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lilian M Fennell
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Helene Klug
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Wirnsberger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reiner Wimmer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Perlot
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Renu Sarao
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shuan Rao
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Toshikatsu Hanada
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nozomi Takahashi
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Kernbauer
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9/4, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Duygu Demiröz
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9/4, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr Bohrgasse 9/4, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Pichler
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Department of Epigenetics, Stübeweg 51, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM U848, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif, France; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris 5, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde-Ghent 9052, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Gent University, Technologiepark 927, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z1L3, Canada
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Metformin increases degradation of phospholamban via autophagy in cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:7165-70. [PMID: 26040000 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508815112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholamban (PLN) is an effective inhibitor of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA). Here, we examined PLN stability and degradation in primary cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMNCs) and mouse hearts using immunoblotting, molecular imaging, and [(35)S]methionine pulse-chase experiments, together with lysosome (chloroquine and bafilomycin A1) and autophagic (3-methyladenine and Atg5 siRNA) antagonists. Inhibiting lysosomal and autophagic activities promoted endogenous PLN accumulation, whereas accelerating autophagy with metformin enhanced PLN degradation in CMNCs. This reduction in PLN levels was functionally correlated with an increased rate of SERCA2a activity, accounting for an inotropic effect of metformin. Metabolic labeling reaffirmed that metformin promoted wild-type and R9C PLN degradation. Immunofluorescence showed that PLN and the autophagy marker, microtubule light chain 3, became increasingly colocalized in response to chloroquine and bafilomycin treatments. Mechanistically, pentameric PLN was polyubiquitinylated at the K3 residue and this modification was required for p62-mediated selective autophagy trafficking. Consistently, attenuated autophagic flux in HECT domain and ankyrin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1-null mouse hearts was associated with increased PLN levels determined by immunoblots and immunofluorescence. Our study identifies a biological mechanism that traffics PLN to the lysosomes for degradation in mouse hearts.
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Martins-Marques T, Ribeiro-Rodrigues T, Pereira P, Codogno P, Girao H. Autophagy and ubiquitination in cardiovascular diseases. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:243-51. [PMID: 25602806 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A main function of the heart is to pump blood to the tissues and organs of the body. Although formed by different types of cells, the cardiomyocytes are the ones responsible for the coordinated and synchronized heart contraction. Given their low mitotic activity, cardiomyocytes largely depend on protein degradation mechanisms to maintain proteostasis and energetic balance. Autophagy, one of the main pathways whereby cells eliminate damaged, nonfunctional, or obsolete proteins, and organelles, is vital to ensure cell function, including in cardiomyocytes, both in rest and stress conditions. However, the impact of autophagy activation in the heart, being either protective or harmful, is not consensual and likely depends upon the severity of the stimuli and consequently the autophagy players involved. One of the signals that direct proteins for autophagy degradation, namely in the context of heart disorders, is ubiquitin. Indeed, the attachment of ubiquitin moieties to a target substrate and further recognition by autophagy adaptors constitute a main regulatory pathway that directs proteins to the lysosome. Therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms and signals that regulate the autophagy process in the heart, including substrates targeting, is of utmost importance to design new approaches directed to this degradation pathway. We have previously shown that ubiquitination of the gap junction (GJ) protein Connexin43 (Cx43) triggers its degradation by autophagy through a process that requires the ubiquitin adaptors epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 (Eps15) and p62. This is particularly relevant in the heart because GJs, that form intercellular channels, are responsible for the rapid and efficient anisotropic propagation of the electrical impulse through the cardiomyocytes, essential for synchronized contraction of the cardiac muscle. In this review, we present recent studies devoted to the involvement of autophagy in heart homeostasis, with a particular focus on ubiquitin and GJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- 1 Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
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