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Yuan J, Wang G, Zhao L, Kitchener AC, Sun T, Chen W, Huang C, Wang C, Xu X, Wang J, Lu H, Xu L, Jiangzuo Q, Murphy WJ, Wu D, Li G. How genomic insights into the evolutionary history of clouded leopards inform their conservation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9143. [PMID: 37801506 PMCID: PMC10558132 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Clouded leopards (Neofelis spp.), a morphologically and ecologically distinct lineage of big cats, are severely threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, targeted hunting, and other human activities. The long-held poor understanding of their genetics and evolution has undermined the effectiveness of conservation actions. Here, we report a comprehensive investigation of the whole genomes, population genetics, and adaptive evolution of Neofelis. Our results indicate the genus Neofelis arose during the Pleistocene, coinciding with glacial-induced climate changes to the distributions of savannas and rainforests, and signatures of natural selection associated with genes functioning in tooth, pigmentation, and tail development, associated with clouded leopards' unique adaptations. Our study highlights high-altitude adaptation as the main factor driving nontaxonomic population differentiation in Neofelis nebulosa. Population declines and inbreeding have led to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variation that likely affect reproduction of clouded leopards, highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guiqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Andrew C. Kitchener
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Edinburgh EH9 3PX, UK
| | - Ting Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huimeng Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lulu Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qigao Jiangzuo
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - William J. Murphy
- Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dongdong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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Wang H, Langlais D, Nijnik A. Histone H2A deubiquitinases in the transcriptional programs of development and hematopoiesis: a consolidated analysis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106384. [PMID: 36738766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Monoubiquitinated lysine 119 of histone H2A (H2AK119ub) is a highly abundant epigenetic mark, associated with gene repression and deposited on chromatin by the polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1), which is an essential regulator of diverse transcriptional programs in mammalian development and tissue homeostasis. While multiple deubiquitinases (DUBs) with catalytic activity for H2AK119ub (H2A-DUBs) have been identified, we lack systematic analyses of their roles and cross-talk in transcriptional regulation. Here, we address H2A-DUB functions in epigenetic regulation of mammalian development and tissue maintenance by conducting a meta-analysis of 248 genomics datasets from 32 independent studies, focusing on the mouse model and covering embryonic stem cells (ESCs), hematopoietic, and immune cell lineages. This covers all the publicly available datasets that map genomic H2A-DUB binding and H2AK119ub distributions (ChIP-Seq), and all datasets assessing dysregulation in gene expression in the relevant H2A-DUB knockout models (RNA-Seq). Many accessory datasets for PRC1-2 and DUB-interacting proteins are also analyzed and interpreted, as well as further data assessing chromatin accessibility (ATAC-Seq) and transcriptional activity (RNA-seq). We report co-localization in the binding of H2A-DUBs BAP1, USP16, and to a lesser extent others that is conserved across different cell-types, and also the enrichment of antagonistic PRC1-2 protein complexes at the same genomic locations. Such conserved sites enriched for the H2A-DUBs and PRC1-2 are proximal to transcriptionally active genes that engage in housekeeping cellular functions. Nevertheless, they exhibit H2AK119ub levels significantly above the genomic average that can undergo further increase with H2A-DUB knockout. This indicates a cooperation between H2A-DUBs and PRC1-2 in the modulation of housekeeping transcriptional programs, conserved across many cell types, likely operating through their antagonistic effects on H2AK119ub and the regulation of local H2AK119ub turnover. Our study further highlights existing knowledge gaps and discusses important directions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, QC, Canada.
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3
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Liang Y, Bhatt G, Tung LT, Wang H, Kim JE, Mousa M, Plackoska V, Illes K, Georges AA, Gros P, Henneman L, Huijbers IJ, Nagar B, Nijnik A. Deubiquitinase catalytic activity of MYSM1 is essential in vivo for hematopoiesis and immune cell development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:338. [PMID: 36611064 PMCID: PMC9825392 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Myb-like SWIRM and MPN domains 1 (MYSM1) is a chromatin binding protein with deubiquitinase (DUB) catalytic activity. Rare MYSM1 mutations in human patients result in an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, highlighting the biomedical significance of MYSM1 in the hematopoietic system. We and others characterized Mysm1-knockout mice as a model of this disorder and established that MYSM1 regulates hematopoietic function and leukocyte development in such models through different mechanisms. It is, however, unknown whether the DUB catalytic activity of MYSM1 is universally required for its many functions and for the maintenance of hematopoiesis in vivo. To test this, here we generated a new mouse strain carrying a Mysm1D660N point mutation (Mysm1DN) and demonstrated that the mutation renders MYSM1 protein catalytically inactive. We characterized Mysm1DN/DN and Mysm1fl/DN CreERT2 mice, against appropriate controls, for constitutive and inducible loss of MYSM1 catalytic function. We report a profound similarity in the developmental, hematopoietic, and immune phenotypes resulting from the loss of MYSM1 catalytic function and the full loss of MYSM1 protein. Overall, our work for the first time establishes the critical role of MYSM1 DUB catalytic activity in vivo in hematopoiesis, leukocyte development, and other aspects of mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Garvit Bhatt
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Lin Tze Tung
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Joo Eun Kim
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Marwah Mousa
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Viktoria Plackoska
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Katalin Illes
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Anna A. Georges
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Linda Henneman
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo J. Huijbers
- grid.430814.a0000 0001 0674 1393Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bhushan Nagar
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Centre de Recherche en Biologie Structurale (CRBS), McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, 368 Bellini Life Sciences Complex, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC, H3G 0B1, Canada. .,McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Embigin is a fibronectin receptor that affects sebaceous gland differentiation and metabolism. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1453-1465.e7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Identification of Copy Number Variants in a Southern Chinese Cohort of Patients with Congenital Scoliosis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081213. [PMID: 34440387 PMCID: PMC8391542 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital scoliosis (CS) is a lateral curvature of the spine resulting from congenital vertebral malformations (CVMs) and affects 0.5–1/1000 live births. The copy number variant (CNV) at chromosome 16p11.2 has been implicated in CVMs and recent studies identified a compound heterozygosity of 16p11.2 microdeletion and TBX6 variant/haplotype causing CS in multiple cohorts, which explains about 5–10% of the affected cases. Here, we studied the genetic etiology of CS by analyzing CNVs in a cohort of 67 patients with congenital hemivertebrae and 125 family controls. We employed both candidate gene and family-based approaches to filter CNVs called from whole exome sequencing data. This identified 12 CNVs in four scoliosis-associated genes (TBX6, NOTCH2, DSCAM, and SNTG1) as well as eight recessive and 64 novel rare CNVs in 15 additional genes. Some candidates, such as DHX40, NBPF20, RASA2, and MYSM1, have been found to be associated with syndromes with scoliosis or implicated in bone/spine development. In particular, the MYSM1 mutant mouse showed spinal deformities. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the 16p11.2 microdeletion, other CNVs are potentially important in predisposing to CS.
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6
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Zhang H, Wu Z, Yang L, Zhang Z, Chen H, Ren J. Novel mutations in the Myo5a gene cause a dilute coat color phenotype in mice. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21261. [PMID: 33715225 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903141rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 laboratory mice usually show black coat color. We observed a dilute (gray) coat color phenotype in progenies of two C57BL/6 mice. This phenotype is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. To uncover the molecular mechanism underlying this naturally occurring phenotypic variation, we performed whole-genome sequencing (25×) on 10 offspring of the two founder mice. The whole-genome DNA sequencing and additional RNA-Seq data reveal that Myo5a is the gene responsible for the coat color dilution in C57BL/6 mice, and novel mutations in the Myo5a gene are likely causal. We further performed reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and showed increased expression of truncated Myo5a transcripts encoding dysfunctional proteins and decreased expression of Myo5a full-length transcripts encoding functional proteins in mutant individuals. The decrease in full-length messenger RNA abundance was accompanied by reduced Myo5a protein level and deficient melanosome transport, a potential mechanistic link between the Myo5a mutations and the dilute color phenotype. This study not only advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pigmentation in mice, but also provides a typical case of deciphering the molecular basis of phenotypic variation in mice by genomic analyses and subsequent functional work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Ren
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Dilshat R, Vu HN, Steingrímsson E. Epigenetic regulation during melanocyte development and homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1033-1050. [PMID: 34003523 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes originate in the neural crest as precursor cells which then migrate and proliferate to reach their destination where they differentiate into pigment-producing cells. Melanocytes not only determine the colour of hair, skin and eyes but also protect against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The establishment of the melanocyte lineage is regulated by a defined set of transcription factors and signalling pathways that direct the specific gene expression programmes underpinning melanoblast specification, survival, migration, proliferation and differentiation. In addition, epigenetic modifiers and replacement histones play key roles in regulating gene expression and its timing during the different steps of this process. Here, we discuss the evidence for the role of epigenetic regulators in melanocyte development and function and how they interact with transcription factors and signalling pathways to establish and maintain this important cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hong Nhung Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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8
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Dube CT, Jahan FRS, Lim CY. Key changes in chromatin mark mammalian epidermal differentiation and ageing. Epigenetics 2021; 17:444-459. [PMID: 33890553 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1917812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic shifts in chromatin states occur during embryonic epidermal development to support diverse epigenetic pathways that regulate skin formation and differentiation. However, it is not known whether the epigenomes established during embryonic development are maintained into adulthood or how these epigenetic mechanisms may be altered upon physiological ageing of the tissue. Here, we systematically profiled the nuclear enrichment of five key histone modifications in young and aged mouse epidermis and identified distinct chromatin states that are tightly correlated with cellular differentiation, as well as chromatin alterations that accompanied epidermal ageing. Our data showed that histone modifications, which become differentially enriched in undifferentiated basal or differentiated suprabasal cells during embryonic development, retained their distinct cell-type specific enrichment patterns in both young and aged adult tissues. Specifically, high levels of H3K4me3, H4K20me1 and H4K16ac marked the proliferative basal cells, while differentiated suprabasal cells accumulated H3K27me3 and H4K20me3 heterochromatin with a concomitant deacetylation of H4K16. We further identified shifts in the chromatin in the aged basal epidermis, which exhibited markedly reduced levels of H4K16ac, absence of high H4K20me1 staining and increased cell-to-cell variability in total histone H3 and H4 content. Changes in the chromatin profiles in aged tissues paralleled the altered expression of their corresponding histone modifiers in the basal keratinocytes. These results thus reveal the key histone signatures of epidermal differentiation that are conserved from embryonic development to adult homoeostasis, and provide insights into the epigenetic pathways underlying physiological skin ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christabel Thembela Dube
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Chin Yan Lim
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Roles of HIF and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Controlling Gene Expression in Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020350. [PMID: 33477877 PMCID: PMC7832865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that such dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. Abstract Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. We highlight the relevance of HIF and 2-OGDs in the control of gene expression in response to hypoxia and their relevance to human biology and health.
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10
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Sen R, Zhdanov AV, Bastiaanssen TFS, Hirvonen LM, Svihra P, Fitzgerald P, Cryan JF, Andersson-Engels S, Nomerotski A, Papkovsky DB. Mapping O 2 concentration in ex-vivo tissue samples on a fast PLIM macro-imager. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19006. [PMID: 33149165 PMCID: PMC7642408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75928-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
O2 PLIM microscopy was employed in various studies, however current platforms have limitations in sensitivity, image acquisition speed, accuracy and general usability. We describe a new PLIM imager based on the Timepix3 camera (Tpx3cam) and its application for imaging of O2 concentration in various tissue samples stained with a nanoparticle based probe, NanO2-IR. Upon passive staining of mouse brain, lung or intestinal tissue surface with minute quantities of NanO2-IR or by microinjecting the probe into the lumen of small or large intestine fragments, robust phosphorescence intensity and lifetime signals were produced, which allow mapping of O2 in the tissue within 20 s. Inhibition of tissue respiration or limitation of O2 diffusion to tissue produced the anticipated increases or decreases in O2 levels, respectively. The difference in O2 concentration between the colonic lumen and air-exposed serosal surface was around 140 µM. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of 5 µg of the probe in intact organs (a paw or tail of sacrificed mice) enabled efficient O2 imaging at tissue depths of up to 0.5 mm. Overall, the PLIM imager holds promise for metabolic imaging studies with various ex vivo models of animal tissue, and also for use in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajannya Sen
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alexander V Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Liisa M Hirvonen
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis (CMCA), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Peter Svihra
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, 115 19, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M139PL, UK
| | | | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrei Nomerotski
- Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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11
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Tian M, Huang Y, Song Y, Li W, Zhao P, Liu W, Wu K, Wu J. MYSM1 Suppresses Cellular Senescence and the Aging Process to Prolong Lifespan. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001950. [PMID: 33240758 PMCID: PMC7675055 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a universal feature of life that is a major focus of scientific research and a risk factor in many diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging are critical to the prevention of diseases associated with the aging process. Here, it is shown that MYSM1 is a key suppressor of aging and aging-related pathologies. MYSM1 functionally represses cellular senescence and the aging process in human and mice primary cells and in mice organs. MYSM1 mechanistically attenuates the aging process by promoting DNA repair processes. Remarkably, MYSM1 deficiency facilitates the aging process and reduces lifespan, whereas MYSM1 over-expression attenuates the aging process and increases lifespan in mice. The functional role of MYSM1 is demonstrated in suppressing the aging process and prolonging lifespan. MYSM1 is a key suppressor of aging and may act as a potential agent for the prevention of aging and aging-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Yunting Song
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan430072China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of VirologyInstitute of Medical MicrobiologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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12
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Christensen R, Gunnarsson AP, Jensen UB. The role of stem cell antigen-1/Lymphocyte antigen 6A-2/6E-1 knock out in murine epidermis. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102047. [PMID: 33157392 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem Cell Antigen-1 (SCA-1) is a central positive marker for isolating stem cells in several tissues in the mouse. However, for the epidermis, this appears to be the opposite since lack of SCA-1 has been shown to identify keratinocyte populations with progenitor characteristics. This study investigates the effect of SCA-1 knockout in murine keratinocytes. We compared Sca-1EGFP/EGFP knockout and wildtype mice with respect to the three-dimensional morphology of the epidermis, performed functional assays, and generated gene expression profiles on FACS sorted cells. There were no morphological abnormalities on skin, fur, or hair follicles in transgenic knockout mice compared to wild type mice. SCA-1 knockout keratinocytes showed significantly reduced colony-forming efficiency, colony size and proliferation rate in vitro, however, SCA-1 knockout did not alter wound healing efficiency or keratinocyte proliferation rate in vivo. Moreover, gene expression profiling shows that the effect from knockout of SCA-1 in keratinocytes is dissimilar from what has been observed in other tissues. Additionally, tumor assay indicated that SCA-1 knockout decreases the number of formed papillomas. The results indicate a more complex role for SCA-1, which might differ between epidermal keratinocytes during homeostasis and activated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Christensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21C, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anders Patrik Gunnarsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21C, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Uffe Birk Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21C, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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13
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Tian M, Liu W, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Li W, Wang W, Zhao P, Huang S, Song Y, Shereen MA, Qin M, Liu Y, Wu K, Wu J. MYSM1 Represses Innate Immunity and Autoimmunity through Suppressing the cGAS-STING Pathway. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108297. [PMID: 33086059 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is not only required for preventing threats exerted by pathogens but also essential for developing immune tolerance to avoid tissue damage. This study identifies a distinct mechanism by which MYSM1 suppresses innate immunity and autoimmunity. The expression of MYSM1 is induced upon DNA virus infection and by intracellular DNA stimulation. MYSM1 subsequently interacts with STING and cleaves STING K63-linked ubiquitination to suppress cGAS-STING signaling. Notably, Mysm1-deficient mice exhibit a hyper-inflammatory response, acute tissue damage, and high mortality upon virus infection. Moreover, in the PBMCs of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), MYSM1 production decreases, while type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions increase. Importantly, MYSM1 treatment represses the production of IFNs and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the PBMCs of SLE patients. Thus, MYSM1 is a critical repressor of innate immunity and autoimmunity and is thus a potential therapeutic agent for infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Peiyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shanyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yunting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mengying Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Guangzhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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14
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Fiore A, Liang Y, Lin YH, Tung J, Wang H, Langlais D, Nijnik A. Deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the Hematopoietic System and beyond: A Current Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083007. [PMID: 32344625 PMCID: PMC7216186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MYSM1 has emerged as an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function, blood cell production, immune response, and other aspects of mammalian physiology. It is a metalloprotease family protein with deubiquitinase catalytic activity, as well as SANT and SWIRM domains. MYSM1 normally localizes to the nucleus, where it can interact with chromatin and regulate gene expression, through deubiquitination of histone H2A and non-catalytic contacts with other transcriptional regulators. A cytosolic form of MYSM1 protein was also recently described and demonstrated to regulate signal transduction pathways of innate immunity, by promoting the deubiquitination of TRAF3, TRAF6, and RIP2. In this work we review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of action of MYSM1 protein in transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and potentially other cellular processes. The functions of MYSM1 in different cell types and aspects of mammalian physiology are also reviewed, highlighting the key checkpoints in hematopoiesis, immunity, and beyond regulated by MYSM1. Importantly, mutations in MYSM1 in human were recently linked to a rare hereditary disorder characterized by leukopenia, anemia, and other hematopoietic and developmental abnormalities. Our growing knowledge of MYSM1 functions and mechanisms of actions sheds important insights into its role in mammalian physiology and the etiology of the MYSM1-deficiency disorder in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fiore
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Yun Hsiao Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Jacky Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC 740, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-5567
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15
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Shue YT, Lee KT, Walters BW, Ong HB, Silvaraju S, Lam WJ, Lim CY. Dynamic shifts in chromatin states differentially mark the proliferative basal cells and terminally differentiated cells of the developing epidermis. Epigenetics 2020; 15:932-948. [PMID: 32175801 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1738028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications on nucleosomal histones represent a key epigenetic regulatory mechanism to mediate the complex gene expression, DNA replication, and cell cycle changes that occur in embryonic cells undergoing lineage specification, maturation, and differentiation during development. Here, we investigated the dynamics of 13 key histone marks in epidermal cells at three distinct stages of embryonic skin development and identified significant changes that corresponded with the maturation of the proliferative basal epidermal cells and terminally differentiated cells in the stratified layers. In particular, H3K4me3 and H3K27ac were accumulated and became more prominent in the basal cells at later stages of epidermal development, while H3K27me3 was found to be low in the basal cells but highly enriched in the differentiated suprabasal cell types. Constitutive heterochromatin marked by H4K20me3 was also significantly elevated in differentiated epidermal cells at late gestation stages, which exhibited a concomitant loss of H4K16 acetylation. These differential chromatin profiles were established in the embryonic skin by gestation day 15 and further amplified at E18 and in postnatal skin. Our results reveal the dynamic chromatin states that occur as epidermal progenitor cells commit to the lineage and differentiate into the different cells of the stratified epidermis and provide insight to the underlying epigenetic pathways that support normal epidermal development and homoeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ting Shue
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Kang Ting Lee
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Benjamin William Walters
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Hui Binn Ong
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Shaktheeshwari Silvaraju
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Wei Jun Lam
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Epithelial Epigenetics and Development Laboratory, Skin Research Institute of Singapore , Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore
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16
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Phosphatase Regulator NIPP1 Restrains Chemokine-Driven Skin Inflammation. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1576-1588. [PMID: 31972250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (NIPP1) is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein that regulates functions of protein serine/threonine phosphatase-1 in cell proliferation and lineage specification. The role of NIPP1 in tissue homeostasis is not fully understood. This study shows that the selective deletion of NIPP1 in mouse epidermis resulted in epidermal hyperproliferation, a reduced adherence of basal keratinocytes, and a gradual decrease in the stemness of hair follicle stem cells, culminating in hair loss. This complex phenotype was associated with chronic sterile skin inflammation and could be partially rescued by dexamethasone treatment. NIPP1-deficient keratinocytes massively expressed proinflammatory chemokines and immunomodulatory proteins in a cell-autonomous manner. Chemokines subsequently induced the recruitment and activation of immune cells, in particular conventional dendritic cells and Langerhans cells, accounting for the chronic inflammation phenotype. The data identifies NIPP1 as a key regulator of epidermal homeostasis and as a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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17
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Brommage R, Powell DR, Vogel P. Predicting human disease mutations and identifying drug targets from mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm038224. [PMID: 31064765 PMCID: PMC6550044 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.038224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large-scale mouse gene knockout phenotyping campaigns have provided extensive data on the functions of thousands of mammalian genes. The ongoing International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC), with the goal of examining all ∼20,000 mouse genes, has examined 5115 genes since 2011, and phenotypic data from several analyses are available on the IMPC website (www.mousephenotype.org). Mutant mice having at least one human genetic disease-associated phenotype are available for 185 IMPC genes. Lexicon Pharmaceuticals' Genome5000™ campaign performed similar analyses between 2000 and the end of 2008 focusing on the druggable genome, including enzymes, receptors, transporters, channels and secreted proteins. Mutants (4654 genes, with 3762 viable adult homozygous lines) with therapeutically interesting phenotypes were studied extensively. Importantly, phenotypes for 29 Lexicon mouse gene knockouts were published prior to observations of similar phenotypes resulting from homologous mutations in human genetic disorders. Knockout mouse phenotypes for an additional 30 genes mimicked previously published human genetic disorders. Several of these models have helped develop effective treatments for human diseases. For example, studying Tph1 knockout mice (lacking peripheral serotonin) aided the development of telotristat ethyl, an approved treatment for carcinoid syndrome. Sglt1 (also known as Slc5a1) and Sglt2 (also known as Slc5a2) knockout mice were employed to develop sotagliflozin, a dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor having success in clinical trials for diabetes. Clinical trials evaluating inhibitors of AAK1 (neuropathic pain) and SGLT1 (diabetes) are underway. The research community can take advantage of these unbiased analyses of gene function in mice, including the minimally studied 'ignorome' genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brommage
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - David R Powell
- Department of Metabolism Research, Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Pathology, MS 250, Room C5036A, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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18
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Bachg AC, Horsthemke M, Skryabin BV, Klasen T, Nagelmann N, Faber C, Woodham E, Machesky LM, Bachg S, Stange R, Jeong HW, Adams RH, Bähler M, Hanley PJ. Phenotypic analysis of Myo10 knockout (Myo10 tm2/tm2) mice lacking full-length (motorized) but not brain-specific headless myosin X. Sci Rep 2019; 9:597. [PMID: 30679680 PMCID: PMC6345916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the physiological functions of Myo10 (myosin X) using Myo10 reporter knockout (Myo10tm2) mice. Full-length (motorized) Myo10 protein was deleted, but the brain-specific headless (Hdl) isoform (Hdl-Myo10) was still expressed in homozygous mutants. In vitro, we confirmed that Hdl-Myo10 does not induce filopodia, but it strongly localized to the plasma membrane independent of the MyTH4-FERM domain. Filopodia-inducing Myo10 is implicated in axon guidance and mice lacking the Myo10 cargo protein DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) have severe commissural defects, whereas MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of isolated brains revealed intact commissures in Myo10tm2/tm2 mice. However, reminiscent of Waardenburg syndrome, a neural crest disorder, Myo10tm2/tm2 mice exhibited pigmentation defects (white belly spots) and simple syndactyly with high penetrance (>95%), and 24% of mutant embryos developed exencephalus, a neural tube closure defect. Furthermore, Myo10tm2/tm2 mice consistently displayed bilateral persistence of the hyaloid vasculature, revealed by MRI and retinal whole-mount preparations. In principle, impaired tissue clearance could contribute to persistence of hyaloid vasculature and syndactyly. However, Myo10-deficient macrophages exhibited no defects in the phagocytosis of apoptotic or IgG-opsonized cells. RNA sequence analysis showed that Myo10 was the most strongly expressed unconventional myosin in retinal vascular endothelial cells and expression levels increased 4-fold between P6 and P15, when vertical sprouting angiogenesis gives rise to deeper layers. Nevertheless, imaging of isolated adult mutant retinas did not reveal vascularization defects. In summary, Myo10 is important for both prenatal (neural tube closure and digit formation) and postnatal development (hyaloid regression, but not retinal vascularization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Bachg
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Horsthemke
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris V Skryabin
- Department of Medicine, Transgenic Animal and Genetic Engineering Models (TRAM), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Klasen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Nina Nagelmann
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Faber
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Emma Woodham
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow University College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M Machesky
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow University College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences Garscube Estate, Glasgow, G61 1BD, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Bachg
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University Hospital Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hyun-Woo Jeong
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Bähler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter J Hanley
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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19
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Gurumurthy CB, Lloyd KCK. Generating mouse models for biomedical research: technological advances. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm029462. [PMID: 30626588 PMCID: PMC6361157 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.029462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, new methods and procedures have been developed to generate genetically engineered mouse models of human disease. This At a Glance article highlights several recent technical advances in mouse genome manipulation that have transformed our ability to manipulate and study gene expression in the mouse. We discuss how conventional gene targeting by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells has given way to more refined methods that enable allele-specific manipulation in zygotes. We also highlight advances in the use of programmable endonucleases that have greatly increased the feasibility and ease of editing the mouse genome. Together, these and other technologies provide researchers with the molecular tools to functionally annotate the mouse genome with greater fidelity and specificity, as well as to generate new mouse models using faster, simpler and less costly techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Channabasavaiah B Gurumurthy
- Developmental Neuroscience, Munroe Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106-5915, USA
- Mouse Genome Engineering Core Facility, Vice Chancellor for Research Office, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106-5915, USA
| | - Kevin C Kent Lloyd
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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20
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Sequeira I, Neves JF, Carrero D, Peng Q, Palasz N, Liakath-Ali K, Lord GM, Morgan PR, Lombardi G, Watt FM. Immunomodulatory role of Keratin 76 in oral and gastric cancer. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3437. [PMID: 30143634 PMCID: PMC6109110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05872-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 76 (Krt76) is expressed in the differentiated epithelial layers of skin, oral cavity and squamous stomach. Krt76 downregulation in human oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) correlates with poor prognosis. We show that genetic ablation of Krt76 in mice leads to spleen and lymph node enlargement, an increase in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Krt76-/- Tregs have increased suppressive ability correlated with increased CD39 and CD73 expression, while their effector T cells are less proliferative than controls. Loss of Krt76 increases carcinogen-induced tumours in tongue and squamous stomach. Carcinogenesis is further increased when Treg levels are elevated experimentally. The carcinogenesis response includes upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enhanced accumulation of Tregs in the tumour microenvironment. Tregs also accumulate in human OSCC exhibiting Krt76 loss. Our study highlights the role of epithelial cells in modulating carcinogenesis via communication with cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Joana F Neves
- Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dido Carrero
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Qi Peng
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Natalia Palasz
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, 265 Campus Drive, CA, 94305-5453, USA
| | - Graham M Lord
- Department of Experimental Immunobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Peter R Morgan
- Department of Mucosal and Salivary Biology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giovanna Lombardi
- Immunoregulation Laboratory, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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21
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Tanoue Y, Toyoda T, Sun J, Mustofa MK, Tateishi C, Endo S, Motoyama N, Araki K, Wu D, Okuno Y, Tsukamoto T, Takeya M, Ihn H, Vaziri C, Tateishi S. Differential Roles of Rad18 and Chk2 in Genome Maintenance and Skin Carcinogenesis Following UV Exposure. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:2550-2557. [PMID: 29859927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Defects in DNA polymerase Eta (Polη) cause the sunlight-sensitivity and skin cancer-propensity disorder xeroderma pigmentosum variant. The extent to which Polη function depends on the upstream E3 ubiquitin ligase Rad18 is controversial and has not been investigated using mouse models. Therefore, we tested the role of Rad18 in UV-inducible skin tumorigenesis. Because Rad18 deficiency leads to compensatory DNA damage signaling by Chk2, we also investigated genetic interactions between Rad18 and Chk2 in vivo. Chk2-/-Rad18-/- mice were prone to spontaneous lymphomagenesis. Both Chk2-/- and Chk2-/-Rad18-/- mice were prone to UV-B irradiation-induced skin tumorigenesis when compared with wild-type (WT) animals, but unexpectedly Rad18-/- mice did not recapitulate the skin tumor propensity of Polη mutants. UV-irradiated Rad18-/- cells were more susceptible to G1/S arrest and apoptosis than WT cultures. Chk2 deficiency alleviated both UV-induced G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis of WT and Rad18-/- cells, but led to increased genomic instability. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the tumor-suppressive role of Polη in UV-treated skin is Rad18 independent. We also define a role for Chk2 in suppressing UV-induced skin carcinogenesis in vivo. This study identifies Chk2 dysfunction as a potential risk factor for sunlight-induced skin tumorigenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Tanoue
- Department of Cell Maintenance, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Toyoda
- Division of Pathology, National institute of Health Sciences Biological safety center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinghua Sun
- Department of Cell Maintenance, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Md Kawsar Mustofa
- Department of Cell Maintenance, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chie Tateishi
- Department of Cell Maintenance, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Endo
- Departments of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Noboru Motoyama
- Department of Human Nutrition, Sugiyama Jogakuen University School of Life Studies, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kimi Araki
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yutaka Okuno
- Departments of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Motohiro Takeya
- Department of Cell Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Satoshi Tateishi
- Department of Cell Maintenance, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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22
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Liakath-Ali K, Mills EW, Sequeira I, Lichtenberger BM, Pisco AO, Sipilä KH, Mishra A, Yoshikawa H, Wu CCC, Ly T, Lamond AI, Adham IM, Green R, Watt FM. An evolutionarily conserved ribosome-rescue pathway maintains epidermal homeostasis. Nature 2018; 556:376-380. [PMID: 29643507 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ribosome-associated mRNA quality control mechanisms ensure the fidelity of protein translation1,2. Although these mechanisms have been extensively studied in yeast, little is known about their role in mammalian tissues, despite emerging evidence that stem cell fate is controlled by translational mechanisms3,4. One evolutionarily conserved component of the quality control machinery, Dom34 (in higher eukaryotes known as Pelota (Pelo)), rescues stalled ribosomes 5 . Here we show that Pelo is required for mammalian epidermal homeostasis. Conditional deletion of Pelo in mouse epidermal stem cells that express Lrig1 results in hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of these cells. By contrast, deletion of Pelo in Lgr5-expressing stem cells has no effect and deletion in Lgr6-expressing stem cells induces only a mild phenotype. Loss of Pelo results in accumulation of short ribosome footprints and global upregulation of translation, rather than affecting the expression of specific genes. Translational inhibition by rapamycin-mediated downregulation of mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) rescues the epidermal phenotype. Our study reveals that the ribosome-rescue machinery is important for mammalian tissue homeostasis and that it has specific effects on different stem cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric W Mills
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inês Sequeira
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Kalle H Sipilä
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ajay Mishra
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Cambridge Infinitus Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Harunori Yoshikawa
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin Chih-Chien Wu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tony Ly
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angus I Lamond
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ibrahim M Adham
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rachel Green
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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23
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Yamazaki T, Li W, Mukouyama YS. Whole-mount Confocal Microscopy for Adult Ear Skin: A Model System to Study Neuro-vascular Branching Morphogenesis and Immune Cell Distribution. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29658918 DOI: 10.3791/57406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a protocol of a whole-mount adult ear skin imaging technique to study comprehensive three-dimensional neuro-vascular branching morphogenesis and patterning, as well as immune cell distribution at a cellular level. The analysis of peripheral nerve and blood vessel anatomical structures in adult tissues provides some insights into the understanding of functional neuro-vascular wiring and neuro-vascular degeneration in pathological conditions such as wound healing. As a highly informative model system, we have focused our studies on adult ear skin, which is readily accessible for dissection. Our simple and reproducible protocol provides an accurate depiction of the cellular components in the entire skin, such as peripheral nerves (sensory axons, sympathetic axons, and Schwann cells), blood vessels (endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells), and inflammatory cells. We believe this protocol will pave the way to investigate morphological abnormalities in peripheral nerves and blood vessels as well as the inflammation in the adult ear skin under different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Earle A. Chiles Research Institute, Robert W. Franz Cancer Center, Providence Portland Medical Center
| | - Wenling Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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24
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Wilms C, Krikki I, Hainzl A, Kilo S, Alupei M, Makrantonaki E, Wagner M, Kroeger CM, Brinker TJ, Gatzka M. 2A-DUB/Mysm1 Regulates Epidermal Development in Part by Suppressing p53-Mediated Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030687. [PMID: 29495602 PMCID: PMC5877548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and homeostasis of the epidermis are governed by a complex network of sequence-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers cooperatively regulating the subtle balance of progenitor cell self-renewal and terminal differentiation. To investigate the role of histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 in the skin, we systematically analyzed expression, developmental functions, and potential interactions of this epigenetic regulator using Mysm1-deficient mice and skin-derived epidermal cells. Morphologically, skin of newborn and young adult Mysm1-deficient mice was atrophic with reduced thickness and cellularity of epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, in context with altered barrier function. Skin atrophy correlated with reduced proliferation rates in Mysm1-/- epidermis and hair follicles, and increased apoptosis compared with wild-type controls, along with increases in DNA-damage marker γH2AX. In accordance with diminished α6-Integrinhigh+CD34⁺ epidermal stem cells, reduced colony formation of Mysm1-/- epidermal progenitors was detectable in vitro. On the molecular level, we identified p53 as potential mediator of the defective Mysm1-deficient epidermal compartment, resulting in increased pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative gene expression. In Mysm1-/-p53-/- double-deficient mice, significant recovery of skin atrophy was observed. Functional properties of Mysm1-/- developing epidermis were assessed by quantifying the transepidermal water loss. In summary, this investigation uncovers a role for 2A-DUB/Mysm1 in suppression of p53-mediated inhibitory programs during epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sonja Kilo
- Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Marius Alupei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Titus Josef Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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25
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Resistant and susceptible chicken lines show distinctive responses to Newcastle disease virus infection in the lung transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:989. [PMID: 29281979 PMCID: PMC5745900 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a threat to poultry production worldwide. A better understanding of mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to this virus will improve measures for NDV prevention and control. Males and females from resistant Fayoumi and susceptible Leghorn lines were either challenged with a lentogenic strain of the virus or given a mock infection at 3 weeks of age. The lung transcriptomes generated by RNA-seq were studied using contrasts across the challenged and nonchallenged birds, the two lines, and three time points post-infection, and by using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGNCA). Results Genetic line and sex had a large impact on the lung transcriptome. When contrasting the challenged and nonchallenged birds, few differentially expressed genes (DEG) were identified within each line at 2, 6, and 10 days post infection (dpi), except for the more resistant Fayoumi line at 10 dpi, for which several pathways were activated and inhibited at this time. The interaction of challenge and line at 10 dpi significantly impacted 131 genes (False Discovery Rate (FDR) <0.05), one of which was PPIB. Many DEG were identified between the Fayoumi and Leghorns. The number of DEG between the two lines in the challenged birds decreased over time, but increased over time in the nonchallenged birds. The nonchallenged Fayoumis at 10 dpi showed enrichment of immune type cells when compared to 2 dpi, suggesting important immune related development at this age. These changes between 10 and 2 dpi were not identified in the challenged Fayoumis. The energy allocated to host defense may have interrupted normal lung development. WGCNA identified important modules and driver genes within those modules that were associated with traits of interest, several of which had no known associated function. Conclusions The lines’ unique response to NDV offers insights into the potential means of their resistance and susceptibility. The lung transcriptome shows a unique response to lentogenic NDV compared to a previous study on the trachea of the same birds. It is important to analyze multiple tissues in order to best understand the chicken’s overall response to NDV challenge and improve strategies to combat this devastating disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4380-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Salgado G, Ng YZ, Koh LF, Goh CS, Common JE. Human reconstructed skin xenografts on mice to model skin physiology. Differentiation 2017; 98:14-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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27
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Lynch MD, Lynch CNS, Craythorne E, Liakath-Ali K, Mallipeddi R, Barker JN, Watt FM. Spatial constraints govern competition of mutant clones in human epidermis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1119. [PMID: 29066762 PMCID: PMC5654977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00993-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep sequencing can detect somatic DNA mutations in tissues permitting inference of clonal relationships. This has been applied to human epidermis, where sun exposure leads to the accumulation of mutations and an increased risk of skin cancer. However, previous studies have yielded conflicting conclusions about the relative importance of positive selection and neutral drift in clonal evolution. Here, we sequenced larger areas of skin than previously, focusing on cancer-prone skin spanning five decades of life. The mutant clones identified were too large to be accounted for solely by neutral drift. Rather, using mathematical modelling and computational lattice-based simulations, we show that observed clone size distributions can be explained by a combination of neutral drift and stochastic nucleation of mutations at the boundary of expanding mutant clones that have a competitive advantage. These findings demonstrate that spatial context and cell competition cooperate to determine the fate of a mutant stem cell. Deep sequencing technologies allow for the investigation of clonal evolution in human cancers. Here the authors, combining sequencing data from human skin with mathematical modelling and simulations, suggest that the spatial context of a mutation with respect to other mutant clones may lead to differential clonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Lynch
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - C N S Lynch
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - E Craythorne
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - K Liakath-Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - R Mallipeddi
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - J N Barker
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - F M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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28
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Constitutive transgene expression of Stem Cell Antigen-1 in the hair follicle alters the sensitivity to tumor formation and progression. Stem Cell Res 2017; 23:109-118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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29
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Wilms C, Kroeger CM, Hainzl AV, Banik I, Bruno C, Krikki I, Farsam V, Wlaschek M, Gatzka MV. MYSM1/2A-DUB is an epigenetic regulator in human melanoma and contributes to tumor cell growth. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67287-67299. [PMID: 28978033 PMCID: PMC5620173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifying enzymes, such as histone deacetylases (HDACs) and polycomb repressive complex (PRC) components, have been implicated in regulating tumor growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor stem cell maintenance, or repression of tumor suppressor genes - and may be promising targets for combination therapies of melanoma and other cancers. According to recent findings, the histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 interacts with the p53-axis in hematopoiesis and tissue differentiation in mice, in part by modulating DNA-damage responses in stem cell and progenitor compartments. Based on the identification of alterations in skin pigmentation and melanocyte specification in Mysm1-deficient mice, we hypothesized that MYSM1 may be involved in melanoma formation. In human melanoma samples, expression of MYSM1 was increased compared with normal skin melanocytes and nevi and co-localized with melanocyte markers such as Melan-A and c-KIT. Similarly, in melanoma cell lines A375 and SK-MEL-28 and in murine skin, expression of the deubiquitinase was detectable at the mRNA and protein level that was inducible by growth factor signals and UVB exposure, respectively. Upon stable silencing of MYSM1 in A375 and SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells by lentivirally-mediated shRNA expression, survival and proliferation were significantly reduced in five MYSM1 shRNA cell lines analyzed compared with control cells. In addition, MYSM1-silenced melanoma cells proliferated less well in softagar assays. In context with our finding that MYSM1 bound to the c-MET promoter region in close vicinity to PAX3 in melanoma cells, our data indicate that MYSM1 is an epigenetic regulator of melanoma growth and potentially promising new target for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid V Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ishani Banik
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,ETH, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Clara Bruno
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Vida Farsam
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Meinhard Wlaschek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina V Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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30
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Petrov JC, Nijnik A. Mysm1 expression in the bone marrow niche is not essential for hematopoietic maintenance. Exp Hematol 2017; 47:76-82.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Förster M, Boora RK, Petrov JC, Fodil N, Albanese I, Kim J, Gros P, Nijnik A. A role for the histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1 in maintenance of CD8 + T cells. Immunology 2017; 151:110-121. [PMID: 28066899 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several previous studies outlined the importance of the histone H2A deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the regulation of stem cell quiescence and haematopoiesis. In this study we investigated the role of MYSM1 in T-cell development. Using mouse models that allow conditional Mysm1 ablation at late stages of thymic development, we found that MYSM1 is intricately involved in the maintenance, activation and survival of CD8+ T cells. Mysm1 ablation resulted in a twofold reduction in CD8+ T-cell numbers, and also led to a hyperactivated CD8+ T-cell state accompanied by impaired proliferation and increased pro-inflammatory cytokine production after ex vivo stimulation. These phenotypes coincided with an increased apoptosis and preferential up-regulation of p53 tumour suppressor protein in CD8+ T cells. Lastly, we examined a model of experimental cerebral malaria, in which pathology is critically dependent on CD8+ T cells. In the mice conditionally deleted for Mysm1 in the T-cell compartment, CD8+ T-cell numbers remained reduced following infection, both in the periphery and in the brain, and the mice displayed improved survival after parasite challenge. Collectively, our data identify MYSM1 as a novel factor for CD8+ T cells in the immune system, increasing our understanding of the role of histone H2A deubiquitinases in cytotoxic T-cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Förster
- Department of Physiology and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rupinder K Boora
- Department of Physiology and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jessica C Petrov
- Department of Physiology and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nassima Fodil
- Department of Biochemistry and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabella Albanese
- Department of Physiology and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jamie Kim
- Department of Physiology and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Gros
- Department of Biochemistry and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology and McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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32
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Liakath-Ali K, Vancollie VE, Lelliott CJ, Speak AO, Lafont D, Protheroe HJ, Ingvorsen C, Galli A, Green A, Gleeson D, Ryder E, Glover L, Vizcay-Barrena G, Karp NA, Arends MJ, Brenn T, Spiegel S, Adams DJ, Watt FM, van der Weyden L. Alkaline ceramidase 1 is essential for mammalian skin homeostasis and regulating whole-body energy expenditure. J Pathol 2016; 239:374-83. [PMID: 27126290 PMCID: PMC4924601 DOI: 10.1002/path.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin that acts as a barrier to protect the body from the external environment and to control water and heat loss. This barrier function is established through the multistage differentiation of keratinocytes and the presence of bioactive sphingolipids such as ceramides, the levels of which are tightly regulated by a balance of ceramide synthase and ceramidase activities. Here we reveal the essential role of alkaline ceramidase 1 (Acer1) in the skin. Acer1‐deficient (Acer1−/−) mice showed elevated levels of ceramide in the skin, aberrant hair shaft cuticle formation and cyclic alopecia. We demonstrate that Acer1 is specifically expressed in differentiated interfollicular epidermis, infundibulum and sebaceous glands and consequently Acer1−/− mice have significant alterations in infundibulum and sebaceous gland architecture. Acer1−/− skin also shows perturbed hair follicle stem cell compartments. These alterations result in Acer1−/− mice showing increased transepidermal water loss and a hypermetabolism phenotype with associated reduction of fat content with age. We conclude that Acer1 is indispensable for mammalian skin homeostasis and whole‐body energy homeostasis. © 2016 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - David Lafont
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Camilla Ingvorsen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.,University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Angela Green
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diane Gleeson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Ryder
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leanne Glover
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Mark J Arends
- University of Edinburgh Division of Pathology, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Brenn
- NHS Lothian University Hospitals Trust and University of Edinburgh, Department of Pathology, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David J Adams
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, UK
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33
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Reconciling diverse mammalian pigmentation patterns with a fundamental mathematical model. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10288. [PMID: 26732977 PMCID: PMC4729835 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bands of colour extending laterally from the dorsal to ventral trunk are a common feature of mouse chimeras. These stripes were originally taken as evidence of the directed dorsoventral migration of melanoblasts (the embryonic precursors of melanocytes) as they colonize the developing skin. Depigmented ‘belly spots' in mice with mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit are thought to represent a failure of this colonization, either due to impaired migration or proliferation. Tracing of single melanoblast clones, however, has revealed a diffuse distribution with high levels of axial mixing—hard to reconcile with directed migration. Here we construct an agent-based stochastic model calibrated by experimental measurements to investigate the formation of diffuse clones, chimeric stripes and belly spots. Our observations indicate that melanoblast colonization likely proceeds through a process of undirected migration, proliferation and tissue expansion, and that reduced proliferation is the cause of the belly spots in Kit mutants. How embryonic melanoblast behaviour influences adult pigmentation patterns and causes patterning defects is unclear. Here, Mort et al. construct a stochastic model parameterised experimentally to show that melanoblast migration is undirected and that reduced proliferation causes patterning defects.
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34
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Viswanathan P, Guvendiren M, Chua W, Telerman SB, Liakath-Ali K, Burdick JA, Watt FM. Mimicking the topography of the epidermal-dermal interface with elastomer substrates. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:21-9. [PMID: 26658424 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00238a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
In human skin the interface between the epidermis and dermis is not flat, but undulates. The dimensions of the undulations change as a function of age and disease. Epidermal stem cell clusters lie in specific locations relative to the undulations; however, whether their location affects their properties is unknown. To explore this, we developed a two-step protocol to create patterned substrates that mimic the topographical features of the human epidermal-dermal interface. Substrates with negative patterns were first fabricated by exposing a photocurable formulation to light, controlling the topographical features (such as diameter, height and center-to-center distance) by the photomask pattern dimensions and UV crosslinking time. The negative pattern was then translated to PDMS elastomer to fabricate substrates with 8 unique surface topographies on which primary human keratinocytes were cultured. We found that cells were patterned according to topography, and that separate cues determined the locations of stem cells, differentiated cells and proliferating cells. The biomimetic platform we have developed will be useful for probing the effect of topography on stem cell behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyalakshmi Viswanathan
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Zhou L, Shi L, Guo H, Yao X. MYSM-1 suppresses migration and invasion in renal carcinoma through inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:10.1007/s13277-015-4138-z. [PMID: 26409454 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant renal tumor and is prone to metastasis. However, the molecular variation and mechanism underlying renal cell carcinoma metastasis remains largely unknown. In our previous study, it was found that MYSM-1 was significantly downregulated in renal cell carcinoma tissues as compared with normal renal tissues without metastasis, using proteomics approach. Therefore, we hypothesized that MYSM-1 may suppress the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma in light of paucity of data regarding MYSM-1 in the cancers. In the present study, to confirm the expression status of MYSM-1 in renal cell carcinoma, immunohistochemistry with renal carcinoma tissue microarray was performed. It was shown that MYSM-1 was remarkably decreased in renal carcinoma tissues compared with paired normal control tissues; and that low expression of MYSM-1 was significantly associated with poor overall prognosis and metastasis. To investigate the biological roles of MYSM-1 in vitro in renal carcinoma cell lines, both knockdown using siRNA and over-expression were carried out. It was found that MYSM-1 could suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of renal carcinoma cells. In addition, we found that MYSM-1 could inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Together, our results demonstrate that MYSM-1 could suppress the metastasis of renal carcinoma cells may be through inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Liyin Shi
- The Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hua Guo
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Xin Yao
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Citterio E. Fine-tuning the ubiquitin code at DNA double-strand breaks: deubiquitinating enzymes at work. Front Genet 2015; 6:282. [PMID: 26442100 PMCID: PMC4561801 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a reversible protein modification broadly implicated in cellular functions. Signaling processes mediated by ubiquitin (ub) are crucial for the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), one of the most dangerous types of DNA lesions. In particular, the DSB response critically relies on active ubiquitination by the RNF8 and RNF168 ub ligases at the chromatin, which is essential for proper DSB signaling and repair. How this pathway is fine-tuned and what the functional consequences are of its deregulation for genome integrity and tissue homeostasis are subject of intense investigation. One important regulatory mechanism is by reversal of substrate ubiquitination through the activity of specific deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), as supported by the implication of a growing number of DUBs in DNA damage response processes. Here, we discuss the current knowledge of how ub-mediated signaling at DSBs is controlled by DUBs, with main focus on DUBs targeting histone H2A and on their recent implication in stem cell biology and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Citterio
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam Netherlands
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37
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Groza T, Köhler S, Moldenhauer D, Vasilevsky N, Baynam G, Zemojtel T, Schriml LM, Kibbe WA, Schofield PN, Beck T, Vasant D, Brookes AJ, Zankl A, Washington NL, Mungall CJ, Lewis SE, Haendel MA, Parkinson H, Robinson PN. The Human Phenotype Ontology: Semantic Unification of Common and Rare Disease. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:111-24. [PMID: 26119816 PMCID: PMC4572507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) is widely used in the rare disease community for differential diagnostics, phenotype-driven analysis of next-generation sequence-variation data, and translational research, but a comparable resource has not been available for common disease. Here, we have developed a concept-recognition procedure that analyzes the frequencies of HPO disease annotations as identified in over five million PubMed abstracts by employing an iterative procedure to optimize precision and recall of the identified terms. We derived disease models for 3,145 common human diseases comprising a total of 132,006 HPO annotations. The HPO now comprises over 250,000 phenotypic annotations for over 10,000 rare and common diseases and can be used for examining the phenotypic overlap among common diseases that share risk alleles, as well as between Mendelian diseases and common diseases linked by genomic location. The annotations, as well as the HPO itself, are freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Groza
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dawid Moldenhauer
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Vasilevsky
- Library, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Gareth Baynam
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6840, Australia; Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia; Office of Population Health Genomics, Public Health and Clinical Services Division, Department of Health, Perth, WA 6004, Australia; Genetic Services of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, WA 6008, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA 6008, Australia
| | - Tomasz Zemojtel
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lynn Marie Schriml
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Warren Alden Kibbe
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Paul N Schofield
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Tim Beck
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Drashtti Vasant
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD UK
| | - Anthony J Brookes
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Andreas Zankl
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia; Academic Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia; Discipline of Genetic Medicine, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Nicole L Washington
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J Mungall
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Suzanna E Lewis
- Genomics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa A Haendel
- Library, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Helen Parkinson
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD UK
| | - Peter N Robinson
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Institute of Bioinformatics, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 9, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Interplay of H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 and the p19(ARF)/p53 axis in hematopoiesis, early T-cell development and tissue differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2015; 22:1451-62. [PMID: 25613381 PMCID: PMC4532772 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoubiquitination of core histone 2A (H2A-K119u) has a critical role in gene regulation in hematopoietic differentiation and other developmental processes. To explore the interplay of histone H2A deubiquitinase Myb-like SWIRM and MPN domain containing1 (2A-DUB/Mysm1) with the p53 axis in the sequential differentiation of mature lymphocytes from progenitors, we systematically analyzed hematopoiesis and early T-cell development using Mysm1(-/-) and p53(-/-)Mysm1(-/-) mice. Mysm1(-/-) thymi were severely hypoplastic with <10% of wild-type cell numbers as a result of a reduction of early thymocyte progenitors in context with defective hematopoietic stem cells, a partial block at the double-negative (DN)1-DN2 transition and increased apoptosis of double-positive thymocytes. Increased rates of apoptosis were also detected in other tissues affected by Mysm1 deficiency, including the developing brain and the skin. By quantitative PCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, we identified p19(ARF), an important regulator of p53 tumor suppressor protein levels, as a potential Mysm1 target gene. In newly generated p53(-/-)Mysm1(-/-) double-deficient mice, anomalies of Mysm1(-/-) mice including reduction of lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors, reduced thymocyte numbers and viability, and interestingly defective B-cell development, growth retardation, neurological defects, skin atrophy, and tail malformation were almost completely restored as well, substantiating the involvement of the p53 pathway in the alterations caused by Mysm1 deficiency. In conclusion, this investigation uncovers a novel link between H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 and suppression of p53-mediated apoptotic programs during early lymphoid development and other developmental processes.
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Abstract
Mammalian skin research represents the convergence of three complementary disciplines: cell biology, mouse genetics, and dermatology. The skin provides a paradigm for current research in cell adhesion, inflammation, and tissue stem cells. Here, I discuss recent insights into the cell biology of skin. Single-cell analysis has revealed that human epidermal stem cells are heterogeneous and differentiate in response to multiple extrinsic signals. Live-cell imaging, optogenetics, and cell ablation experiments show skin cells to be remarkably dynamic. High-throughput, genome-wide approaches have yielded unprecedented insights into the circuitry that controls epidermal stem cell fate. Last, integrative biological analysis of human skin disorders has revealed unexpected functions for elements of the skin that were previously considered purely structural.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Watt
- King's College London Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, 28th Floor, Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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DiTommaso T, Jones LK, Cottle DL, Gerdin AK, Vancollie VE, Watt FM, Ramirez-Solis R, Bradley A, Steel KP, Sundberg JP, White JK, Smyth IM. Identification of genes important for cutaneous function revealed by a large scale reverse genetic screen in the mouse. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004705. [PMID: 25340873 PMCID: PMC4207618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly regenerative organ which plays critical roles in protecting the body and sensing its environment. Consequently, morbidity and mortality associated with skin defects represent a significant health issue. To identify genes important in skin development and homeostasis, we have applied a high throughput, multi-parameter phenotype screen to the conditional targeted mutant mice generated by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute's Mouse Genetics Project (Sanger-MGP). A total of 562 different mouse lines were subjected to a variety of tests assessing cutaneous expression, macroscopic clinical disease, histological change, hair follicle cycling, and aberrant marker expression. Cutaneous lesions were associated with mutations in 23 different genes. Many of these were not previously associated with skin disease in the organ (Mysm1, Vangl1, Trpc4ap, Nom1, Sparc, Farp2, and Prkab1), while others were ascribed new cutaneous functions on the basis of the screening approach (Krt76, Lrig1, Myo5a, Nsun2, and Nf1). The integration of these skin specific screening protocols into the Sanger-MGP primary phenotyping pipelines marks the largest reported reverse genetic screen undertaken in any organ and defines approaches to maximise the productivity of future projects of this nature, while flagging genes for further characterisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia DiTommaso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynelle K. Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anna-Karin Gerdin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie E. Vancollie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona M. Watt
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Allan Bradley
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen P. Steel
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - John P. Sundberg
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline K. White
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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41
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DiTommaso T, Cottle DL, Pearson HB, Schlüter H, Kaur P, Humbert PO, Smyth IM. Keratin 76 is required for tight junction function and maintenance of the skin barrier. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004706. [PMID: 25340345 PMCID: PMC4207637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are cytoskeletal intermediate filament proteins that are increasingly being recognised for their diverse cellular functions. Here we report the consequences of germ line inactivation of Keratin 76 (Krt76) in mice. Homozygous disruption of this epidermally expressed gene causes neonatal skin flaking, hyperpigmentation, inflammation, impaired wound healing, and death prior to 12 weeks of age. We show that this phenotype is associated with functionally defective tight junctions that are characterised by mislocalization of the integral protein CLDN1. We further demonstrate that KRT76 interacts with CLDN1 and propose that this interaction is necessary to correctly position CLDN1 in tight junctions. The mislocalization of CLDN1 has been associated in various dermopathies, including the inflammatory disease, psoriasis. These observations establish a previously unknown connection between the intermediate filament cytoskeleton network and tight junctions and showcase Krt76 null mice as a possible model to study aberrant tight junction driven skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia DiTommaso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny L. Cottle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holger Schlüter
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Pritinder Kaur
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick O. Humbert
- Research Division, The Sir Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
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