1
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Geisler HC, Ghalsasi AA, Safford HC, Swingle KL, Thatte AS, Mukalel AJ, Gong N, Hamilton AG, Han EL, Nachod BE, Padilla MS, Mitchell MJ. EGFR-targeted ionizable lipid nanoparticles enhance in vivo mRNA delivery to the placenta. J Control Release 2024; 371:455-469. [PMID: 38789090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The full potential of ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as an in vivo nucleic acid delivery platform has not yet been realized given that LNPs primarily accumulate in the liver following systemic administration, limiting their success to liver-centric conditions. The engineering of LNPs with antibody targeting moieties can enable extrahepatic tropism by facilitating site-specific LNP tethering and driving preferential LNP uptake into receptor-expressing cell types via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Obstetric conditions stemming from placental dysfunction, such as preeclampsia, are characterized by overexpression of cellular receptors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), making targeted LNP platforms an exciting potential treatment strategy for placental dysfunction during pregnancy. Herein, an EGFR antibody-conjugated LNP (aEGFR-LNP) platform was developed by engineering LNPs with increasing densities of antibody functionalization. aEGFR-LNPs were screened in vitro in immortalized placental trophoblasts and in vivo in non-pregnant and pregnant mice and compared to non-targeted formulations for extrahepatic, antibody-targeted mRNA LNP delivery to the placenta. Our top performing LNP with an intermediate density of antibody functionalization (1:5 aEGFR-LNP) mediated a ∼twofold increase in mRNA delivery in murine placentas and a ∼twofold increase in LNP uptake in EGFR-expressing trophoblasts compared to non-targeted counterparts. These results demonstrate the potential of antibody-conjugated LNPs for achieving extrahepatic tropism, and the ability of aEGFR-LNPs in promoting mRNA delivery to EGFR-expressing cell types in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Geisler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Aditi A Ghalsasi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah C Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ajay S Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alex G Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily L Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin E Nachod
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marshall S Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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2
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Tiwade PB, Ma Y, VanKeulen-Miller R, Fenton OS. A Lung-Expressing mRNA Delivery Platform with Tunable Activity in Hypoxic Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17365-17376. [PMID: 38874565 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery platforms often facilitate protein expression in the liver following intravenous injection and have been optimized for use in normally oxygenated cells (21% O2 atmosphere). However, there is a growing need for mRNA therapy in diseases affecting non-liver organs, such as the lungs. Additionally, many diseases are characterized by hypoxia (<21% O2 atmosphere), a state of abnormally low oxygenation in cells and tissues that can reduce the efficacy of mRNA therapies by upwards of 80%. Here, we report a Tunable Lung-Expressing Nanoparticle Platform (TULEP) for mRNA delivery, whose properties can be readily tuned for optimal expression in hypoxic environments. Briefly, our study begins with the synthesis and characterization of a novel amino acrylate polymer that can be effectively complexed with mRNA payloads into TULEPs. We study the efficacy and mechanism of mRNA delivery using TULEP, including analysis of the cellular association, endocytosis mechanisms, endosomal escape, and protein expression in a lung cell line. We then evaluate TULEP under hypoxic conditions and address hypoxia-related deficits in efficacy by making our system tunable with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Finally, we conclude our study with an in vivo analysis of mRNA expression, biodistribution, and tolerability of the TULEP platform in mice. In presenting these data, we hope that our work highlights the utility of TULEPs for tunable and effective mRNA delivery while more broadly highlighting the utility of considering oxygen levels when developing mRNA delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palas Balakdas Tiwade
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yutian Ma
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Rachel VanKeulen-Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Owen S Fenton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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3
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Hamilton AG, Swingle KL, Thatte AS, Mukalel AJ, Safford HC, Billingsley MM, El-Mayta RD, Han X, Nachod BE, Joseph RA, Metzloff AE, Mitchell MJ. High-Throughput In Vivo Screening Identifies Differential Influences on mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Immune Cell Delivery by Administration Route. ACS NANO 2024; 18:16151-16165. [PMID: 38861479 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Immune modulation through the intracellular delivery of nucleoside-modified mRNA to immune cells is an attractive approach for in vivo immunoengineering, with applications in infectious disease, cancer immunotherapy, and beyond. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have come to the fore as a promising nucleic acid delivery platform, but LNP design criteria remain poorly defined, making the rate-limiting step for LNP discovery the screening process. In this study, we employed high-throughput in vivo LNP screening based on molecular barcoding to investigate the influence of LNP composition on immune tropism with applications in vaccines and systemic immunotherapies. Screening a large LNP library under both intramuscular (i.m.) and intravenous (i.v.) injection, we observed differential influences on LNP uptake by immune populations across the two administration routes, gleaning insight into LNP design criteria for in vivo immunoengineering. In validation studies, the lead LNP formulation for i.m. administration demonstrated substantial mRNA translation in the spleen and draining lymph nodes with a more favorable biodistribution profile than LNPs formulated with the clinical standard ionizable lipid DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3). The lead LNP formulations for i.v. administration displayed potent immune transfection in the spleen and peripheral blood, with one lead LNP demonstrating substantial transfection of splenic dendritic cells and another inducing substantial transfection of circulating monocytes. Altogether, the immunotropic LNPs identified by high-throughput in vivo screening demonstrated significant promise for both locally- and systemically-delivered mRNA and confirmed the value of the LNP design criteria gleaned from our screening process, which could potentially inform future endeavors in mRNA vaccine and immunotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ajay S Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Hannah C Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Margaret M Billingsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rakan D El-Mayta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xuexiang Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Benjamin E Nachod
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ryann A Joseph
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ann E Metzloff
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center for Precision Engineering for Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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4
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Petersen DMS, Weiss RM, Hajj KA, Yerneni SS, Chaudhary N, Newby AN, Arral ML, Whitehead KA. Branched-Tail Lipid Nanoparticles for Intravenous mRNA Delivery to Lung Immune, Endothelial, and Alveolar Cells in Mice. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400225. [PMID: 38888972 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are proven safe and effective delivery systems on a global scale. However, their efficacy has been limited primarily to liver and immune cell targets. To extend the applicability of mRNA drugs, 580 ionizable lipidoids are synthesized and tested for delivery to extrahepatocellular targets. Of these, over 40 enabled protein expression in mice, with the majority transfecting the liver. Beyond the liver, several LNPs containing new, branched-tail ionizable lipidoids potently delivered mRNA to the lungs, with cell-level specificity depending on helper lipid chemistry. Incorporation of the neutral helper lipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) at 16 mol% enabled highly specific delivery to natural killer and dendritic cells within the lung. Although inclusion of the cationic lipid 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) improved lung tropism, it decreased cell specificity, resulting in equal transfection of endothelial and lymphoid cells. DOTAP formulations are also less favorable than DOPE formulations because they elevated liver enzyme and cytokine levels. Together, these data identify a new branched-tailed LNP with a unique ability to selectively transfect lung immune cell populations without the use of toxicity-prone cationic helper lipids. This novel vehicle may unlock RNA therapies for lung diseases associated with immune cell dysregulation, including cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M Strelkova Petersen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ryan M Weiss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Khalid A Hajj
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Saigopalakrishna S Yerneni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Alexandra N Newby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Mariah L Arral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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5
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Liu Y, He F, Chen L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Xiao J, Meng Q. Imidazolyl Lipids Enhanced LNP Endosomal Escape for Ferroptosis RNAi Treatment of Cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402362. [PMID: 38829038 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Treatments for cancer that incorporate small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target iron-dependent ferroptosis are thought to be highly promising. However, creating a reliable and clinically feasible siRNA delivery system continues to be a major obstacle in the field of cancer treatment. Here, three imidazole-based ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) with pH-sensitive effects are rationally designed and synthesized for siRNA delivery. LNPs formulated with the top-performing lipid (O12-D3-I3) encapsulating FVII siRNA (FVII@O-LNP) elicited greater gene silencing than those with the benchmark Onpattro lipid DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3) due to its stronger endosomal escape. Moreover, Fc-siRNA@O-LNPs encapsulated with ferrocene (Fc) and SLC7A11/Nrf2-targeted siRNA is formulated. The outcomes demonstrate optimal safety profiles and a significant anti-tumor effect by inducing long-lasting and efficient ferroptosis through a synergistic action in vivo. In summary, this work shows that imidazolyl lipid-prepared LNPs are efficient delivery vehicles for cancer therapy and ferroptosis-targeting siRNA administration, both of which have extensive clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Fengyang He
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Longming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Yahan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Han Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Qingbin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
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6
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Serpico L, Zhu Y, Maia RF, Sumedha S, Shahbazi MA, Santos HA. Lipid nanoparticles-based RNA therapies for breast cancer treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01638-2. [PMID: 38831199 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) prevails as a major burden on global healthcare, being the most prevalent form of cancer among women. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and current therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, frequently fall short in providing effective solutions. These treatments fail to mitigate the risk of cancer recurrence and cause severe side effects that, in turn, compromise therapeutic responses in patients. Over the last decade, several strategies have been proposed to overcome these limitations. Among them, RNA-based technologies have demonstrated their potential across various clinical applications, notably in cancer therapy. However, RNA therapies are still limited by a series of critical issues like off-target effect and poor stability in circulation. Thus, novel approaches have been investigated to improve the targeting and bioavailability of RNA-based formulations to achieve an appropriate therapeutic outcome. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been largely proven to be an advantageous carrier for nucleic acids and RNA. This perspective explores the most recent advances on RNA-based technology with an emphasis on LNPs' utilization as effective nanocarriers in BC therapy and most recent progresses in their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigia Serpico
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yuewen Zhu
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Faria Maia
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sumedha Sumedha
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, The Personalized Medicine Research Institute (PRECISION), University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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7
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Anderson CF, Singh A, Stephens T, Hoang CD, Schneider JP. Kinetically Controlled Polyelectrolyte Complex Assembly of microRNA-Peptide Nanoparticles toward Treating Mesothelioma. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314367. [PMID: 38532642 PMCID: PMC11176031 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Broad size distributions and poor long-term colloidal stability of microRNA-carrying nanoparticles, especially those formed by polyelectrolyte complexation, represent major hurdles in realizing their clinical translation. Herein, peptide design is used alongside optimized flash nanocomplexation (FNC) to produce uniform peptide-based miRNA particles of exceptional stability that display anticancer activity against mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo. Modulating the content and display of lysine-based charge from small intrinsically disordered peptides used to complex miRNA proves essential in achieving stable colloids. FNC facilitates kinetic isolation of the mechanistic steps involved in particle formation to allow the preparation of particles of discrete size in a highly reproducible, scalable, and continuous manner, facilitating pre-clinical studies. To the best of the authors knowledge, this work represents the first example of employing FNC to prepare polyelectrolyte complexes of miRNA and peptide. Encapsulation of these particles into an injectable hydrogel matrix allows for their localized in vivo delivery by syringe. A one-time injection of a gel containing particles composed of miRNA-215-5p and the peptide PKM1 limits tumor progression in a xenograft model of mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb F. Anderson
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Anand Singh
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tyler Stephens
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20701, USA
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joel P. Schneider
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
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8
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Ahmed T. Lipid nanoparticle mediated small interfering RNA delivery as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2915-2954. [PMID: 38622050 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that exhibits a gradual decline in cognitive function and is prevalent among a significant number of individuals globally. The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed as a delivery vehicle for siRNA, which can selectively suppress target genes, by enhancing cellular uptake and safeguarding siRNA from degradation. Numerous research studies have exhibited the effectiveness of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and enhancing cognitive function in animal models of AD. The feasibility of employing LNP-mediated siRNA delivery as a therapeutic approach for AD is emphasized by the encouraging outcomes reported in clinical studies for other medical conditions. The use of LNP-mediated siRNA delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to slow down or even reverse the progression of AD by targeting the synthesis of tau phosphorylation and other genes linked to the condition. Improvement of the delivery mechanism and determination of the most suitable siRNA targets are crucial for the efficacious management of AD. This review focuses on the delivery of siRNA through LNPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD, based on the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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9
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Gurrola TE, Effah SN, Sariyer IK, Dampier W, Nonnemacher MR, Wigdahl B. Delivering CRISPR to the HIV-1 reservoirs. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1393974. [PMID: 38812680 PMCID: PMC11133543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1393974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is well known as one of the most complex and difficult viral infections to cure. The difficulty in developing curative strategies arises in large part from the development of latent viral reservoirs (LVRs) within anatomical and cellular compartments of a host. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/ CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system shows remarkable potential for the inactivation and/or elimination of integrated proviral DNA within host cells, however, delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to infected cells is still a challenge. In this review, the main factors impacting delivery, the challenges for delivery to each of the LVRs, and the current successes for delivery to each reservoir will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore E. Gurrola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Samuel N. Effah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ilker K. Sariyer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Inflammation and Center for Neurovirology and Gene Editing, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Will Dampier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael R. Nonnemacher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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10
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Li B, Raji IO, Gordon AGR, Sun L, Raimondo TM, Oladimeji FA, Jiang AY, Varley A, Langer RS, Anderson DG. Accelerating ionizable lipid discovery for mRNA delivery using machine learning and combinatorial chemistry. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01867-3. [PMID: 38740955 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01867-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
To unlock the full promise of messenger (mRNA) therapies, expanding the toolkit of lipid nanoparticles is paramount. However, a pivotal component of lipid nanoparticle development that remains a bottleneck is identifying new ionizable lipids. Here we describe an accelerated approach to discovering effective ionizable lipids for mRNA delivery that combines machine learning with advanced combinatorial chemistry tools. Starting from a simple four-component reaction platform, we create a chemically diverse library of 584 ionizable lipids. We screen the mRNA transfection potencies of lipid nanoparticles containing those lipids and use the data as a foundational dataset for training various machine learning models. We choose the best-performing model to probe an expansive virtual library of 40,000 lipids, synthesizing and experimentally evaluating the top 16 lipids flagged. We identify lipid 119-23, which outperforms established benchmark lipids in transfecting muscle and immune cells in several tissues. This approach facilitates the creation and evaluation of versatile ionizable lipid libraries, advancing the formulation of lipid nanoparticles for precise mRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Li
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Idris O Raji
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akiva G R Gordon
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lizhuang Sun
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Theresa M Raimondo
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Favour A Oladimeji
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Allen Y Jiang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Varley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert S Langer
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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11
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Yi Y, An HW, Wang H. Intelligent Biomaterialomics: Molecular Design, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305099. [PMID: 37490938 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Materialomics integrates experiment, theory, and computation in a high-throughput manner, and has changed the paradigm for the research and development of new functional materials. Recently, with the rapid development of high-throughput characterization and machine-learning technologies, the establishment of biomaterialomics that tackles complex physiological behaviors has become accessible. Breakthroughs in the clinical translation of nanoparticle-based therapeutics and vaccines have been observed. Herein, recent advances in biomaterials, including polymers, lipid-like materials, and peptides/proteins, discovered through high-throughput screening or machine learning-assisted methods, are summarized. The molecular design of structure-diversified libraries; high-throughput characterization, screening, and preparation; and, their applications in drug delivery and clinical translation are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the prospects and main challenges in future biomaterialomics and high-throughput screening development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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12
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Eş I, Thakur A, Mousavi Khaneghah A, Foged C, de la Torre LG. Engineering aspects of lipid-based delivery systems: In vivo gene delivery, safety criteria, and translation strategies. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 72:108342. [PMID: 38518964 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Defects in the genome cause genetic diseases and can be treated with gene therapy. Due to the limitations encountered in gene delivery, lipid-based supramolecular colloidal materials have emerged as promising gene carrier systems. In their non-functionalized form, lipid nanoparticles often demonstrate lower transgene expression efficiency, leading to suboptimal therapeutic outcomes, specifically through reduced percentages of cells expressing the transgene. Due to chemically active substituents, the engineering of delivery systems for genetic drugs with specific chemical ligands steps forward as an innovative strategy to tackle the drawbacks and enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Despite intense investigations into functionalization strategies, the clinical outcome of such therapies still needs to be improved. Here, we highlight and comprehensively review engineering aspects for functionalizing lipid-based delivery systems and their therapeutic efficacy for developing novel genetic cargoes to provide a full snapshot of the translation from the bench to the clinics. We outline existing challenges in the delivery and internalization processes and narrate recent advances in the functionalization of lipid-based delivery systems for nucleic acids to enhance their therapeutic efficacy and safety. Moreover, we address clinical trials using these vectors to expand their clinical use and principal safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Eş
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Faculty of Biotechnologies (BioTech), ITMO University 191002, 9 Lomonosova Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
- Department of Material and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Hu M, Li X, You Z, Cai R, Chen C. Physiological Barriers and Strategies of Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Nucleic Acid Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303266. [PMID: 37792475 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) are currently the most promising vehicles for nucleic acid drug (NAD) delivery. Although their clinical applications have achieved success, the NAD delivery efficiency and safety are still unsatisfactory, which are, to a large extent, due to the existence of multi-level physiological barriers in vivo. It is important to elucidate the interactions between these barriers and LBNPs, which will guide more rational design of efficient NAD vehicles with low adverse effects and facilitate broader applications of nucleic acid therapeutics. This review describes the obstacles and challenges of biological barriers to NAD delivery at systemic, organ, sub-organ, cellular, and subcellular levels. The strategies to overcome these barriers are comprehensively reviewed, mainly including physically/chemically engineering LBNPs and directly modifying physiological barriers by auxiliary treatments. Then the potentials and challenges for successful translation of these preclinical studies into the clinic are discussed. In the end, a forward look at the strategies on manipulating protein corona (PC) is addressed, which may pull off the trick of overcoming those physiological barriers and significantly improve the efficacy and safety of LBNP-based NADs delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen You
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Rong Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou, 510700, China
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14
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Oza D, Ivich F, Pace J, Yu M, Niedre M, Amiji M. Lipid nanoparticle encapsulated large peritoneal macrophages migrate to the lungs via the systemic circulation in a model of clodronate-mediated lung-resident macrophage depletion. Theranostics 2024; 14:2526-2543. [PMID: 38646640 PMCID: PMC11024852 DOI: 10.7150/thno.91062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A mature tissue resident macrophage (TRM) population residing in the peritoneal cavity has been known for its unique ability to migrate to peritoneally located injured tissues and impart wound healing properties. Here, we sought to expand on this unique ability of large peritoneal macrophages (LPMs) by investigating whether these GATA6+ LPMs could also intravasate into systemic circulation and migrate to extra-peritoneally located lungs upon ablating lung-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) by intranasally administered clodronate liposomes in mice. Methods: C12-200 cationic lipidoid-based nanoparticles were employed to selectively deliver a small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting CD-45 labeled with a cyanine 5.5 (Cy5.5) dye to LPMs in vivo via intraperitoneal injection. We utilized a non-invasive optical technique called Diffuse In Vivo Flow Cytometry (DiFC) to then systemically track these LPMs in real time and paired it with more conventional techniques like flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry to initially confirm uptake of C12-200 encapsulated siRNA-Cy5.5 (siRNA-Cy5.5 (C12-200)) into LPMs, and further track them from the peritoneal cavity to the lungs in a mouse model of AM depletion incited by intranasally administered clodronate liposomes. Also, we stained for LPM-specific marker zinc-finger transcription factor GATA6 in harvested cells from biofluids like broncho-alveolar lavage as well as whole blood to probe for Cy5.5-labeled LPMs in the lungs as well as in systemic circulation. Results: siRNA-Cy5.5 (C12-200) was robustly taken up by LPMs. Upon depletion of lung-resident AMs, these siRNA-Cy5.5 (C12-200) labeled LPMs rapidly migrated to the lungs via systemic circulation within 12-24 h. DiFC results showed that these LPMs intravasated from the peritoneal cavity and utilized a systemic route of migration. Moreover, immunocytochemical staining of zinc-finger transcription factor GATA6 further confirmed results from DiFC and flow cytometry, confirming the presence of siRNA-Cy5.5 (C12-200)-labeled LPMs in the peritoneum, whole blood and BALF only upon clodronate-administration. Conclusion: Our results indicate for the very first time that selective tropism, migration, and infiltration of LPMs into extra-peritoneally located lungs was dependent on clodronate-mediated AM depletion. These results further open the possibility of therapeutically utilizing LPMs as delivery vehicles to carry nanoparticle-encapsulated oligonucleotide modalities to potentially address inflammatory diseases, infectious diseases and even cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Oza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675W Kendall St, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Fernando Ivich
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joshua Pace
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mikyung Yu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 675W Kendall St, Cambridge, MA, USA 02142
| | - Mark Niedre
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 360 Huntington Avenue, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115
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15
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Ortega-Caballero F, Santana-Armas ML, Tros de Ilarduya C, Di Giorgio C, Tripier R, Le Bris N, Ollier C, Ortiz Mellet C, García Fernández JM, Jiménez Blanco JL, Méndez-Ardoy A. Trehalose-polyamine/DNA nanocomplexes: impact of vector architecture on cell and organ transfection selectivity. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3445-3452. [PMID: 38502035 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel family of precision-engineered gene vectors with well-defined structures built on trehalose and trehalose-based macrocycles (cyclotrehalans) comprising linear or cyclic polyamine heads have been synthesized through procedures that exploit click chemistry reactions. The strategy was conceived to enable systematic structural variations and, at the same time, ensuring that enantiomerically pure vectors are obtained. Notably, changes in the molecular architecture translated into topological differences at the nanoscale upon co-assembly with plasmid DNA, especially regarding the presence of regions with short- or long-range internal order as observed by TEM. In vitro and in vivo experiments further evidenced a significant impact on cell and organ transfection selectivity. Altogether, the results highlight the potential of trehalose-polyamine/pDNA nanocomplex monoformulations to achieve targeting transfection without the need for any additional cell- or organ-sorting component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ortega-Caballero
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain. @us.es
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Higher Polytechnic School, University of Seville, c/Virgen de África 7, Sevilla 41011, Spain
| | - María L Santana-Armas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Conchita Tros de Ilarduya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31080, Spain
| | - Christophe Di Giorgio
- Institut de Chimie Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d'Azur, 28 Avenue de Valrose, Nice 06108, France
| | - Raphäel Tripier
- Université de Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, Brest 29238, France
| | - Nathalie Le Bris
- Université de Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, Brest 29238, France
| | - Cedric Ollier
- Université de Brest, UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, Brest 29238, France
| | - Carmen Ortiz Mellet
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain. @us.es
| | - José M García Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC -, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - José L Jiménez Blanco
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain. @us.es
| | - Alejandro Méndez-Ardoy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, c/Profesor García González 1, Sevilla 41012, Spain. @us.es
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC -, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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16
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Yang C, Lin ZI, Zhang X, Xu Z, Xu G, Wang YM, Tsai TH, Cheng PW, Law WC, Yong KT, Chen CK. Recent Advances in Engineering Carriers for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300362. [PMID: 38150293 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by extracellular and intracellular barriers. To overcome these barriers, various siRNA delivery systems have been developed in the past two decades. The first approved RNAi therapeutic, Patisiran (ONPATTRO) using lipids as the carrier, for the treatment of amyloidosis is one of the most important milestones. This has greatly encouraged researchers to work on creating new functional siRNA carriers. In this review, the recent advances in siRNA carriers consisting of lipids, polymers, and polymer-modified inorganic particles for cancer therapy are summarized. Representative examples are presented to show the structural design of the carriers in order to overcome the delivery hurdles associated with RNAi therapies. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspective for developing RNAi as a clinical modality will be discussed and proposed. It is believed that the addressed contributions in this review will promote the development of siRNA delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xinmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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17
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Young RE, Nelson KM, Hofbauer SI, Vijayakumar T, Alameh MG, Weissman D, Papachristou C, Gleghorn JP, Riley RS. Systematic development of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for placental mRNA delivery using a design of experiments approach. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:125-137. [PMID: 38223537 PMCID: PMC10784148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have gained attention as mRNA delivery platforms for vaccination against COVID-19 and for protein replacement therapies. LNPs enhance mRNA stability, circulation time, cellular uptake, and preferential delivery to specific tissues compared to mRNA with no carrier platform. However, LNPs are only in the beginning stages of development for safe and effective mRNA delivery to the placenta to treat placental dysfunction. Here, we develop LNPs that enable high levels of mRNA delivery to trophoblasts in vitro and to the placenta in vivo with no toxicity. We conducted a Design of Experiments to explore how LNP composition, including the type and molar ratio of each lipid component, drives trophoblast and placental delivery. Our data revealed that utilizing C12-200 as the ionizable lipid and 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) as the phospholipid in the LNP design yields high transfection efficiency in vitro. Analysis of lipid molar composition as a design parameter in LNPs displayed a strong correlation between apparent pKa and poly (ethylene) glycol (PEG) content, as a reduction in PEG molar amount increases apparent pKa. Further, we present one LNP platform that exhibits the highest delivery of placental growth factor mRNA to the placenta in pregnant mice, resulting in synthesis and secretion of a potentially therapeutic protein. Lastly, our high-performing LNPs have no toxicity to both the pregnant mice and fetuses. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of LNPs as a platform for mRNA delivery to the placenta, and our top LNP formulations may provide a therapeutic platform to treat diseases that originate from placental dysfunction during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Katherine M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Samuel I. Hofbauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Rowan University, 401 Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, United States
| | - Tara Vijayakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Drew Weissman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Charalampos Papachristou
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science & Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Delaware, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE 19713, United States
| | - Rachel S. Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
- School of Translational Biomedical Engineering & Sciences, Virtua College of Medicine & Life Sciences of Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, NJ 08028, United States
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18
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Silvestrini AVP, Morais MF, Debiasi BW, Praça FG, Bentley MVLB. Nanotechnology strategies to address challenges in topical and cellular delivery of siRNAs in skin disease therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115198. [PMID: 38341146 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the most advanced therapies in current medicine. In particular, interference RNA-based therapy by small interfering RNA (siRNA) has gained attention in recent years as it is a highly versatile, selective and specific therapy. In dermatological conditions, topical delivery of siRNA offers numerous therapeutic advantages, mainly by inhibiting the expression of target transcripts directly in the skin. However, crossing the stratum corneum and overcoming intracellular barriers is an inherent challenge. Substantial efforts by scientists have moved towards the use of multimodal and multifunctional nanoparticles to overcome these barriers and achieve greater bioavailability in their site of action, the cytoplasm. In this review the most innovative strategies based on nanoparticle and physical methods are presented, as well as the design principles and the main factors that contribute to the performance of these systems. This review also highlights the synergistic contributions of medicine, nanotechnology, and molecular biology to advancing translational research into siRNA-based therapeutics for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vitoria Pupo Silvestrini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Finazzi Morais
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Bryan Wender Debiasi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Garcia Praça
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. do Café, s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Wang S, Zhu Y, Du S, Zheng Y. Preclinical Advances in LNP-CRISPR Therapeutics for Solid Tumor Treatment. Cells 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38607007 PMCID: PMC11011435 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors, with their intricate cellular architecture and genetic heterogeneity, have long posed therapeutic challenges. The advent of the CRISPR genome editing system offers a promising, precise genetic intervention. However, the journey from bench to bedside is fraught with hurdles, chief among them being the efficient delivery of CRISPR components to tumor cells. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a potential solution. This biocompatible nanomaterial can encapsulate the CRISPR/Cas9 system, ensuring targeted delivery while mitigating off-target effects. Pre-clinical investigations underscore the efficacy of LNP-mediated CRISPR delivery, with marked disruption of oncogenic pathways and subsequent tumor regression. Overall, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, when combined with LNPs, presents a groundbreaking approach to cancer therapy, offering precision, efficacy, and potential solutions to current limitations. While further research and clinical testing are required, the future of personalized cancer treatment based on CRISPR/Cas9 holds immense promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China;
| | - Yuxi Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Shi Du
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yunsi Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China;
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20
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Bogaert B, Debisschop A, Ehouarne T, Van Eeckhoutte HP, De Volder J, Jacobs A, Pottie E, De Rycke R, Crabbé A, Mestdagh P, Lentacker I, Brusselle GG, Stove C, Verstraelen S, Maes T, Bracke KR, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Selective Replacement of Cholesterol with Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Enables the Design of Lipid Nanoparticles with Improved RNA Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2961-2971. [PMID: 38477058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The delivery of RNA across biological barriers can be achieved by encapsulation in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) are pharmacologically diverse compounds with ionizable lipid-like features. In this work, we applied CADs as a fifth component of state-of-the-art LNPs via microfluidic mixing. Improved cytosolic delivery of both siRNA and mRNA was achieved by partly replacing the cholesterol fraction of LNPs with CADs. The LNPs could cross the mucus layer in a mucus-producing air-liquid interface model of human primary bronchial epithelial cells following nebulization. Moreover, CAD-LNPs demonstrated improved epithelial and endothelial targeting following intranasal administration in mice, without a marked pro-inflammatory signature. Importantly, quantification of the CAD-LNP molar composition, as demonstrated for nortriptyline, revealed a gradual leakage of the CAD from the formulation during LNP dialysis. Altogether, these data suggest that the addition of a CAD prior to the rapid mixing process might have an impact on the composition, structure, and performance of LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bram Bogaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aliona Debisschop
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ehouarne
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore P Van Eeckhoutte
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joyceline De Volder
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Jacobs
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Eline Pottie
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Ghent University Expertise Center for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging Core, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Crabbé
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Mestdagh
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, OncoRNAlab, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy G Brusselle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Stove
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verstraelen
- Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tania Maes
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ken R Bracke
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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21
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Hao L, Boehnke N, Elledge SK, Harzallah NS, Zhao RT, Cai E, Feng YX, Neaher S, Fleming HE, Gupta PB, Hammond PT, Bhatia SN. Targeting and monitoring ovarian cancer invasion with an RNAi and peptide delivery system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307802121. [PMID: 38437557 PMCID: PMC10945808 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307802121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics are an emerging class of medicines that selectively target mRNA transcripts to silence protein production and combat disease. Despite the recent progress, a generalizable approach for monitoring the efficacy of RNAi therapeutics without invasive biopsy remains a challenge. Here, we describe the development of a self-reporting, theranostic nanoparticle that delivers siRNA to silence a protein that drives cancer progression while also monitoring the functional activity of its downstream targets. Our therapeutic target is the transcription factor SMARCE1, which was previously identified as a key driver of invasion in early-stage breast cancer. Using a doxycycline-inducible shRNA knockdown in OVCAR8 ovarian cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, we demonstrate that SMARCE1 is a master regulator of genes encoding proinvasive proteases in a model of human ovarian cancer. We additionally map the peptide cleavage profiles of SMARCE1-regulated proteases so as to design a readout for downstream enzymatic activity. To demonstrate the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of our approach, we engineered self-assembled layer-by-layer nanoparticles that can encapsulate nucleic acid cargo and be decorated with peptide substrates that release a urinary reporter upon exposure to SMARCE1-related proteases. In an orthotopic ovarian cancer xenograft model, theranostic nanoparticles were able to knockdown SMARCE1 which was in turn reported through a reduction in protease-activated urinary reporters. These LBL nanoparticles both silence gene products by delivering siRNA and noninvasively report on downstream target activity by delivering synthetic biomarkers to sites of disease, enabling dose-finding studies as well as longitudinal assessments of efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Hao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Natalie Boehnke
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Susanna K. Elledge
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Nour-Saïda Harzallah
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Renee T. Zhao
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Eva Cai
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard University–Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yu-Xiong Feng
- Department of Biology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Sofia Neaher
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Heather E. Fleming
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard University–Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | | | - Paula T. Hammond
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard University–Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Marble Center for Cancer Nanomedicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02142
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA02115
- HHMI, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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22
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Witten J, Hu Y, Langer R, Anderson DG. Recent advances in nanoparticulate RNA delivery systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307798120. [PMID: 38437569 PMCID: PMC10945842 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307798120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based RNA delivery has shown great progress in recent years with the approval of two mRNA vaccines for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and a liver-targeted siRNA therapy. Here, we discuss the preclinical and clinical advancement of new generations of RNA delivery therapies along multiple axes. Improvements in cargo design such as RNA circularization and data-driven untranslated region optimization can drive better mRNA expression. New materials discovery research has driven improved delivery to extrahepatic targets such as the lung and splenic immune cells, which could lead to pulmonary gene therapy and better cancer vaccines, respectively. Other organs and even specific cell types can be targeted for delivery via conjugation of small molecule ligands, antibodies, or peptides to RNA delivery nanoparticles. Moreover, the immune response to any RNA delivery nanoparticle plays a crucial role in determining efficacy. Targeting increased immunogenicity without induction of reactogenic side effects is crucial for vaccines, while minimization of immune response is important for gene therapies. New developments have addressed each of these priorities. Last, we discuss the range of RNA delivery clinical trials targeting diverse organs, cell types, and diseases and suggest some key advances that may play a role in the next wave of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Witten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Yizong Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA02115
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02139
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23
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Chaudhary N, Newby AN, Arral ML, Yerneni SS, LoPresti ST, Doerfler R, Petersen DMS, Montoya C, Kim JS, Fox B, Coon T, Malaney A, Sadovsky Y, Whitehead KA. Lipid nanoparticle structure and delivery route during pregnancy dictate mRNA potency, immunogenicity, and maternal and fetal outcomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307810121. [PMID: 38437545 PMCID: PMC10945816 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307810121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Treating pregnancy-related disorders is exceptionally challenging because the threat of maternal and/or fetal toxicity discourages the use of existing medications and hinders new drug development. One potential solution is the use of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) RNA therapies, given their proven efficacy, tolerability, and lack of fetal accumulation. Here, we describe LNPs for efficacious mRNA delivery to maternal organs in pregnant mice via several routes of administration. In the placenta, our lead LNP transfected trophoblasts, endothelial cells, and immune cells, with efficacy being structurally dependent on the ionizable lipid polyamine headgroup. Next, we show that LNP-induced maternal inflammatory responses affect mRNA expression in the maternal compartment and hinder neonatal development. Specifically, pro-inflammatory LNP structures and routes of administration curtailed efficacy in maternal lymphoid organs in an IL-1β-dependent manner. Further, immunogenic LNPs provoked the infiltration of adaptive immune cells into the placenta and restricted pup growth after birth. Together, our results provide mechanism-based structural guidance on the design of potent LNPs for safe use during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Chaudhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Alexandra N. Newby
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Mariah L. Arral
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | | | - Samuel T. LoPresti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Rose Doerfler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | | | - Catalina Montoya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Julie S. Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Bethany Fox
- Mellon Institute Centralized Vivarium, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Tiffany Coon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Angela Malaney
- Mellon Institute Centralized Vivarium, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15213
| | - Kathryn A. Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA15213
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24
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Berger S, Lächelt U, Wagner E. Dynamic carriers for therapeutic RNA delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307799120. [PMID: 38437544 PMCID: PMC10945752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307799120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Carriers for RNA delivery must be dynamic, first stabilizing and protecting therapeutic RNA during delivery to the target tissue and across cellular membrane barriers and then releasing the cargo in bioactive form. The chemical space of carriers ranges from small cationic lipids applied in lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles, over medium-sized sequence-defined xenopeptides, to macromolecular polycations applied in polyplexes and polymer micelles. This perspective highlights the discovery of distinct virus-inspired dynamic processes that capitalize on mutual nanoparticle-host interactions to achieve potent RNA delivery. From the host side, subtle alterations of pH, ion concentration, redox potential, presence of specific proteins, receptors, or enzymes are cues, which must be recognized by the RNA nanocarrier via dynamic chemical designs including cleavable bonds, alterable physicochemical properties, and supramolecular assembly-disassembly processes to respond to changing biological microenvironment during delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Berger
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 81377Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80799Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80799Munich, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna1090, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 81377Munich, Germany
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80799Munich, Germany
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25
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Estapé Senti M, García Del Valle L, Schiffelers RM. mRNA delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy: Lipid nanoparticles and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 206:115190. [PMID: 38307296 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
mRNA-based vaccines are emerging as a promising alternative to standard cancer treatments and the conventional vaccines. Moreover, the FDA-approval of three nucleic acid based therapeutics (Onpattro, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) has further increased the interest and trust on this type of therapeutics. In order to achieve a significant therapeutic efficacy, the mRNA needs from a drug delivery system. In the last years, several delivery platforms have been explored, being the lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) the most well characterized and studied. A better understanding on how mRNA-based therapeutics operate (both the mRNA itself and the drug delivery system) will help to further improve their efficacy and safety. In this review, we will provide an overview of what mRNA cancer vaccines are and their mode of action and we will highlight the advantages and challenges of the different delivery platforms that are under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Estapé Senti
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucía García Del Valle
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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26
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Kimura S, Harashima H. Nano-Bio Interactions: Exploring the Biological Behavior and the Fate of Lipid-Based Gene Delivery Systems. BioDrugs 2024; 38:259-273. [PMID: 38345754 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy for many diseases is rapidly becoming a reality, as demonstrated by the recent approval of various nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Non-viral systems such as lipid-based carriers, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), for delivering different payloads including small interfering RNA, plasmid DNA, and messenger RNA have been particularly extensively explored and developed for clinical uses. One of the most important issues in LNP development is delivery to extrahepatic tissues. To achieve this, various lipids and lipid-like materials are being examined and screened. Several LNP formulations that target extrahepatic tissues, such as the spleen and the lungs have been developed by adjusting the lipid compositions of LNPs. However, mechanistic details of how the characteristics of LNPs affect delivery efficiency remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of LNP-based nucleic acid delivery focusing on LNP components and their structures, as well as discussing biological factors, such as biomolecular corona and cellular responses related to the delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigo Kimura
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Laboratory for Innovative Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.
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27
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Neal CJ, Kolanthai E, Wei F, Coathup M, Seal S. Surface Chemistry of Biologically Active Reducible Oxide Nanozymes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211261. [PMID: 37000888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Reducible metal oxide nanozymes (rNZs) are a subject of intense recent interest due to their catalytic nature, ease of synthesis, and complex surface character. Such materials contain surface sites which facilitate enzyme-mimetic reactions via substrate coordination and redox cycling. Further, these surface reactive sites are shown to be highly sensitive to stresses within the nanomaterial lattice, the physicochemical environment, and to processing conditions occurring as part of their syntheses. When administered in vivo, a complex protein corona binds to the surface, redefining its biological identity and subsequent interactions within the biological system. Catalytic activities of rNZs each deliver a differing impact on protein corona formation, its composition, and in turn, their recognition, and internalization by host cells. Improving the understanding of the precise principles that dominate rNZ surface-biomolecule adsorption raises the question of whether designer rNZs can be engineered to prevent corona formation, or indeed to produce "custom" protein coronas applied either in vitro, and preadministration, or formed immediately upon their exposure to body fluids. Here, fundamental surface chemistry processes and their implications in rNZ material performance are considered. In particular, material structures which inform component adsorption from the application environment, including substrates for enzyme-mimetic reactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32827, USA
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28
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Jiang AY, Witten J, Raji IO, Eweje F, MacIsaac C, Meng S, Oladimeji FA, Hu Y, Manan RS, Langer R, Anderson DG. Combinatorial development of nebulized mRNA delivery formulations for the lungs. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 19:364-375. [PMID: 37985700 PMCID: PMC10954414 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled delivery of mRNA has the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases. However, nebulized mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) face several unique challenges including stability during nebulization and penetration through both cellular and extracellular barriers. Here we develop a combinatorial approach addressing these barriers. First, we observe that LNP formulations can be stabilized to resist nebulization-induced aggregation by altering the nebulization buffer to increase the LNP charge during nebulization, and by the addition of a branched polymeric excipient. Next, we synthesize a combinatorial library of ionizable, degradable lipids using reductive amination, and evaluate their delivery potential using fully differentiated air-liquid interface cultured primary lung epithelial cells. The final combination of ionizable lipid, charge-stabilized formulation and stability-enhancing excipient yields a significant improvement in lung mRNA delivery over current state-of-the-art LNPs and polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Y Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Witten
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Idris O Raji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feyisayo Eweje
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard/MIT MD-PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Corina MacIsaac
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Meng
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Favour A Oladimeji
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yizong Hu
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel G Anderson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard and MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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29
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Han X, Xu J, Xu Y, Alameh MG, Xue L, Gong N, El-Mayta R, Palanki R, Warzecha CC, Zhao G, Vaughan AE, Wilson JM, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ. In situ combinatorial synthesis of degradable branched lipidoids for systemic delivery of mRNA therapeutics and gene editors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1762. [PMID: 38409275 PMCID: PMC10897129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The ionizable lipidoid is a key component of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Degradable lipidoids containing extended alkyl branches have received tremendous attention, yet their optimization and investigation are underappreciated. Here, we devise an in situ construction method for the combinatorial synthesis of degradable branched (DB) lipidoids. We find that appending branch tails to inefficacious lipidoids via degradable linkers boosts mRNA delivery efficiency up to three orders of magnitude. Combinatorial screening and systematic investigation of two libraries of DB-lipidoids reveal important structural criteria that govern their in vivo potency. The lead DB-LNP demonstrates robust delivery of mRNA therapeutics and gene editors into the liver. In a diet-induced obese mouse model, we show that repeated administration of DB-LNP encapsulating mRNA encoding human fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates obesity and fatty liver. Together, we offer a construction strategy for high-throughput and cost-efficient synthesis of DB-lipidoids. This study provides insights into branched lipidoids for efficient mRNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiang Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Junchao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rakan El-Mayta
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Claude C Warzecha
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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30
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Zhao G, Xue L, Geisler HC, Xu J, Li X, Mitchell MJ, Vaughan AE. Precision treatment of viral pneumonia through macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314747121. [PMID: 38315853 PMCID: PMC10873611 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314747121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are integral components of the innate immune system, playing a dual role in host defense during infection and pathophysiological states. Macrophages contribute to immune responses and aid in combatting various infections, yet their production of abundant proinflammatory cytokines can lead to uncontrolled inflammation and worsened tissue damage. Therefore, reducing macrophage-derived proinflammatory cytokine release represents a promising approach for treating various acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, limited macrophage-specific delivery vehicles have hindered the development of macrophage-targeted therapies. In this study, we screened a pool of 112 lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to identify an optimal LNP formulation for efficient siRNA delivery. Subsequently, by conjugating the macrophage-specific antibody F4/80 to the LNP surface, we constructed MacLNP, an enhanced LNP formulation designed for targeted macrophage delivery. In both in vitro and in vivo experiments, MacLNP demonstrated a significant enhancement in targeting macrophages. Specifically, delivery of siRNA targeting TAK1, a critical kinase upstream of multiple inflammatory pathways, effectively suppressed the phosphorylation/activation of NF-kB. LNP-mediated inhibition of NF-kB, a key upstream regulator in the classic inflammatory signaling pathway, in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 significantly reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines after stimulation with the viral RNA mimic Poly(I:C). Finally, intranasal administration of MacLNP-encapsulated TAK1 siRNA markedly ameliorated lung injury induced by influenza infection. In conclusion, our findings validate the potential of targeted macrophage interventions in attenuating inflammatory responses, reinforcing the potential of LNP-mediated macrophage targeting to treat pulmonary inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Lulu Xue
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hannah C. Geisler
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Junchao Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19014
| | - Andrew E. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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31
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Pattipeiluhu R, Zeng Y, Hendrix MMRM, Voets IK, Kros A, Sharp TH. Liquid crystalline inverted lipid phases encapsulating siRNA enhance lipid nanoparticle mediated transfection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1303. [PMID: 38347001 PMCID: PMC10861598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Efficient cytosolic delivery of RNA molecules remains a formidable barrier for RNA therapeutic strategies. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) serve as state-of-the-art carriers that can deliver RNA molecules intracellularly, as exemplified by the recent implementation of several vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Using a bottom-up rational design approach, we assemble LNPs that contain programmable lipid phases encapsulating small interfering RNA (siRNA). A combination of cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, cryogenic electron tomography and small-angle X-ray scattering reveals that we can form inverse hexagonal structures, which are present in a liquid crystalline nature within the LNP core. Comparison with lamellar LNPs reveals that the presence of inverse hexagonal phases enhances the intracellular silencing efficiency over lamellar structures. We then demonstrate that lamellar LNPs exhibit an in situ transition from a lamellar to inverse hexagonal phase upon interaction with anionic membranes, whereas LNPs containing pre-programmed liquid crystalline hexagonal phases bypass this transition for a more efficient one-step delivery mechanism, explaining the increased silencing effect. This rational design of LNPs with defined lipid structures aids in the understanding of the nano-bio interface and adds substantial value for LNP design, optimization and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Pattipeiluhu
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- BioNTech SE, An der Goldgrube 12, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ye Zeng
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco M R M Hendrix
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K Voets
- Self-Organizing Soft Matter, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Kros
- Supramolecular and Biomaterials Chemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas H Sharp
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
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32
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Han EL, Padilla MS, Palanki R, Kim D, Mrksich K, Li JJ, Tang S, Yoon IC, Mitchell MJ. Predictive High-Throughput Platform for Dual Screening of mRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Blood-Brain Barrier Transfection and Crossing. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1477-1486. [PMID: 38259198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mediated nucleic acid therapies, including mRNA protein replacement and gene editing therapies, hold great potential in treating neurological disorders including neurodegeneration, brain cancer, and stroke. However, delivering LNPs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administration remains underexplored. In this work, we engineered a high-throughput screening transwell platform for the BBB (HTS-BBB), specifically optimized for screening mRNA LNPs. Unlike most transwell assays, which only assess transport across an endothelial monolayer, HTS-BBB simultaneously measures LNP transport and mRNA transfection of the endothelial cells themselves. We then use HTS-BBB to screen a library of 14 LNPs made with structurally diverse ionizable lipids and demonstrate it is predictive of in vivo performance by validating lead candidates for mRNA delivery to the mouse brain after intravenous injection. Going forward, this platform could be used to screen large libraries of brain-targeted LNPs for a range of protein replacement and gene editing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Han
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marshall S Padilla
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Center for Fetal Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dongyoon Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kaitlin Mrksich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jacqueline J Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Sophia Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Il-Chul Yoon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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33
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Wang N, Wang T. Innovative translational platforms for rapid developing clinical vaccines against COVID-19 and other infectious disease. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300658. [PMID: 38403469 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A vaccine is a biological preparation that contains the antigen capable of stimulating the immune system to form the defense against pathogens. Vaccine development often confronts big challenges, including time/energy-consuming, low efficacy, lag to pathogen emergence and mutation, and even safety concern. However, these seem now mostly conquerable through constructing the advanced translational platforms that can make innovative vaccines, sometimes, potentiated with a distinct multifunctional VADS (vaccine adjuvant delivery system), as evidenced by the development of various vaccines against the covid-19 pandemic at warp speed. Particularly, several covid-19 vaccines, such as the viral-vectored vaccines, mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines, regarded as the innovative ones that are rapidly made via the high technology-based translational platforms. These products have manifested powerful efficacy while showing no unacceptable safety profile in clinics, allowing them to be approved for massive vaccination at also warp speed. Now, the proprietary translational platforms integrated with the state-of-the-art biotechnologies, and even the artificial intelligence (AI), represent an efficient mode for rapid making innovative clinical vaccines against infections, thus increasingly attracting interests of vaccine research and development. Herein, the advanced translational platforms for making innovative vaccines, together with their design principles and immunostimulatory efficacies, are comprehensively elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- School of Food and Biological engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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34
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Antas P, Carvalho C, Cabral-Teixeira J, de Lemos L, Seabra MC. Toward low-cost gene therapy: mRNA-based therapeutics for treatment of inherited retinal diseases. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:136-146. [PMID: 38044158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) stem from genetic mutations that result in vision impairment. Gene therapy shows promising therapeutic potential, exemplified by the encouraging initial results with voretigene neparvovec. Nevertheless, the associated costs impede widespread access, particularly in low-to-middle income countries. The primary challenge remains: how can we make these therapies globally affordable? Leveraging advancements in mRNA therapies might offer a more economically viable alternative. Furthermore, transitioning to nonviral delivery systems could provide a dual benefit of reduced costs and increased scalability. Relevant stakeholders must collaboratively devise and implement a research agenda to realize the potential of mRNA strategies in equitable access to treatments to prevent vision loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Antas
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Carvalho
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Luísa de Lemos
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Miguel C Seabra
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Foundation, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal; iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
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35
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Hamilton S, Kingston BR. Applying artificial intelligence and computational modeling to nanomedicine. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103043. [PMID: 38091874 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Achieving specific and targeted delivery of nanomedicines to diseased tissues is a major challenge. This is because the process of designing, formulating, testing, and selecting a nanoparticle delivery vehicle for a specific disease target is governed by complex multivariate interactions. Computational modeling and artificial intelligence are well-suited for analyzing and modeling large multivariate datasets in short periods of time. Computational approaches can be applied to help design nanomedicine formulations, interpret nanoparticle-biological interactions, and create models from high-throughput screening techniques to improve the selection of the ideal nanoparticle carrier. In the future, many steps in the nanomedicine development process will be done computationally, reducing the number of experiments and time needed to select the ideal nanomedicine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hamilton
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Benjamin R Kingston
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States.
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36
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Li W, Wang C, Zhang Y, Lu Y. Lipid Nanocarrier-Based mRNA Therapy: Challenges and Promise for Clinical Transformation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310531. [PMID: 38287729 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Due to the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia, messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has attracted heated attention. A specific, safe, and efficient mRNA delivery system is needed. Lipid nanocarriers have become attractive carriers for mRNA delivery due to their high delivery efficiency, few side effects, and easy modification to change their structures and functions. To achieve the desired biological effect, lipid nanocarriers must reach the designated location for effective drug delivery. Therefore, the effects of the composition of lipid nanocarriers on their key properties are briefly reviewed. In addition, the progress of smart drug delivery by changing the composition of lipid nanocarriers is summarized, and the importance of component design and structure is emphasized. Subsequently, this review summarizes the latest progress in lipid nanocarrier-based mRNA technology and provides corresponding strategies for its current challenges, putting forward valuable information for the future design of lipid nanocarriers and mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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37
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AboulFotouh K, Southard B, Dao HM, Xu H, Moon C, Williams Iii RO, Cui Z. Effect of lipid composition on RNA-Lipid nanoparticle properties and their sensitivity to thin-film freezing and drying. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123688. [PMID: 38070660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A library of 16 lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations with orthogonally varying lipid molar ratios was designed and synthesized, using polyadenylic acid [poly(A)] as a model for mRNA, to explore the effect of lipid composition in LNPs on (i) the initial size of the resultant LNPs and encapsulation efficiency of RNA and (ii) the sensitivity of the LNPs to various conditions including cold storage, freezing (slow vs. rapid) and thawing, and drying. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was employed to identify the optimal lipid molar ratios and interactions that favorably affect the physical properties of the LNPs and enhance their stability in various stress conditions. LNPs exhibited distinct responses under each stress condition, highlighting the effect of lipid molar ratios and lipid interactions on the LNP physical properties and stability. It was then demonstrated that it is feasible to use thin-film freeze-drying to convert poly(A)-LNPs from liquid dispersions to dry powders while maintaining the integrity of the LNPs. Importantly, the residual moisture content in LNP dry powders significantly affected the LNP integrity.Residual moisture content of ≤ 0.5% or > 3-3.5% w/w negatively affected the LNP size and/or RNA encapsulation efficiency, depending on the LNP composition. Finally, it was shown that the thin-film freeze-dried LNP powders have desirable aerosol properties for potential pulmonary delivery. It was concluded that Design of Experiments can be applied to identify mRNA-LNP formulations with the desired physical properties and stability profiles. Additionally, optimizing the residual moisture content in mRNA-LNP dry powders during (thin-film) freeze-drying is crucial to maintain the physical properties of the LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled AboulFotouh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Benjamin Southard
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Huy M Dao
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chaeho Moon
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams Iii
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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38
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Gilbert J, Ermilova I, Fornasier M, Skoda M, Fragneto G, Swenson J, Nylander T. On the interactions between RNA and titrateable lipid layers: implications for RNA delivery with lipid nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:777-794. [PMID: 38088740 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03308b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Characterising the interaction between cationic ionisable lipids (CIL) and nucleic acids (NAs) is key to understanding the process of RNA lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formation and release of NAs from LNPs. Here, we have used different surface techniques to reveal the effect of pH and NA type on the interaction with a model system of DOPC and the CIL DLin-MC3-DMA (MC3). At only 5% MC3, differences in the structure and dynamics of the lipid layer were observed. Both pH and %MC3 were shown to affect the absorption behaviour of erythropoietin mRNA, polyadenylic acid (polyA) and polyuridylic acid (polyU). The adsorbed amount of all studied NAs was found to increase with decreasing pH and increasing %MC3 but with different effects on the lipid layer, which could be linked to the NA secondary structure. For polyA at pH 6, adsorption to the surface of the layer was observed, whereas for other conditions and NAs, penetration of the NA into the layer resulted in the formation of a multilayer structure. By comparison to simulations excluding the secondary structure, differences in adsorption behaviours between polyA and polyU could be observed, indicating that the NA's secondary structure also affected the MC3-NA interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gilbert
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
- NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inna Ermilova
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Fornasier
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Maximilian Skoda
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Oxford OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble, France
- European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O. Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Swenson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nylander
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Naturvetarvägen 14, Lund University, 22362 Lund, Sweden.
- NanoLund, Lund University, Professorsgatan 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
- Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-Ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, 223 70 Lund, Sweden
- School of Chemical Engineering and Translational Nanobioscience Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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39
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Haase F, Pöhmerer J, Yazdi M, Grau M, Zeyn Y, Wilk U, Burghardt T, Höhn M, Hieber C, Bros M, Wagner E, Berger S. Lipoamino bundle LNPs for efficient mRNA transfection of dendritic cells and macrophages show high spleen selectivity. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 194:95-109. [PMID: 38065313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a powerful tool for nucleic acid-based therapies and vaccination, but efficient and specific delivery to target tissues remains a significant challenge. In this study, we demonstrate lipoamino xenopeptide carriers as components of highly efficient mRNA LNPs. These lipo-xenopeptides are defined as 2D sequences in different 3D topologies (bundles or different U-shapes). The polar artificial amino acid tetraethylene pentamino succinic acid (Stp) and various lipophilic tertiary lipoamino fatty acids (LAFs) act as ionizable amphiphilic units, connected in different ratios via bisamidated lysines as branching units. A series of more lipophilic LAF4-Stp1 carriers with bundle topology is especially well suited for efficient encapsulation of mRNA into LNPs, facilitated cellular uptake and strongly enhanced endosomal escape. These LNPs display improved, faster transfection kinetics compared to standard LNP formulations, with high potency in a variety of tumor cell lines (including N2a neuroblastoma, HepG2 and Huh7 hepatocellular, and HeLa cervical carcinoma cells), J774A.1 macrophages, and DC2.4 dendritic cells. High transfection levels were obtained even in the presence of serum at very low sub-microgram mRNA doses. Upon intravenous application of only 3 µg mRNA per mouse, in vivo mRNA expression is found with a high selectivity for dendritic cells and macrophages, resulting in a particularly high overall preferred expression in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Haase
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jana Pöhmerer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Mina Yazdi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Melina Grau
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Yanira Zeyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Wilk
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Tobias Burghardt
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Miriam Höhn
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Hieber
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; CNATM - Cluster for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Munich, Germany.
| | - Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany; CNATM - Cluster for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Munich, Germany.
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40
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Patel SK, Billingsley MM, Mukalel AJ, Thatte AS, Hamilton AG, Gong N, El-Mayta R, Safford HC, Merolle M, Mitchell MJ. Bile acid-containing lipid nanoparticles enhance extrahepatic mRNA delivery. Theranostics 2024; 14:1-16. [PMID: 38164140 PMCID: PMC10750194 DOI: 10.7150/thno.89913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have emerged as a viable, clinically-validated platform for the delivery of mRNA therapeutics. LNPs have been utilized as mRNA delivery systems for applications including vaccines, gene therapy, and cancer immunotherapy. However, LNPs, which are typically composed of ionizable lipids, cholesterol, helper lipids, and lipid-anchored polyethylene glycol, often traffic to the liver which limits the therapeutic potential of the platform. Several approaches have been proposed to resolve this tropism such as post-synthesis surface modification or the addition of synthetic cationic lipids. Methods: Here, we present a strategy for achieving extrahepatic delivery of mRNA involving the incorporation of bile acids, a naturally-occurring class of cholesterol analogs, during LNP synthesis. We synthesized a series of bile acid-containing C14-4 LNPs by replacing cholesterol with bile acids (cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, or lithocholic acid) at various ratios. Results: Bile acid-containing LNPs (BA-LNPs) were able to reduce delivery to liver cells in vitro and improve delivery in a variety of other cell types, including T cells, B cells, and epithelial cells. Our subsequent in vivo screening of selected LNP candidates injected intraperitoneally or intravenously identified a highly spleen tropic BA-LNP: CA-100, a four-component LNP containing cholic acid and no cholesterol. These screens also identified BA-LNP candidates demonstrating promise for other mRNA therapeutic applications such as for gastrointestinal or immune cell delivery. We further found that the substitution of cholic acid for cholesterol in an LNP formulation utilizing a different ionizable lipid, C12-200, also shifted mRNA delivery from the liver to the spleen, suggesting that this cholic acid replacement strategy may be generalizable. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential of a four-component BA-LNP formulation, CA-100, for extrahepatic mRNA delivery that could potentially be utilized for a range of therapeutic and vaccine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savan K. Patel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Alvin J. Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ajay S. Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex G. Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rakan El-Mayta
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hannah C. Safford
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Merolle
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J. Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Kola NS, Patel D, Thakur A. RNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics Against Intracellular Pathogens. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2813:321-370. [PMID: 38888787 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3890-3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
RNA-based vaccines have sparked a paradigm shift in the treatment and prevention of diseases by nucleic acid medicines. There has been a notable surge in the development of nucleic acid therapeutics and vaccines following the global approval of the two messenger RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. This growth is fueled by the exploration of numerous RNA products in preclinical stages, offering several advantages over conventional methods, i.e., safety, efficacy, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. In this chapter, we provide an overview of various types of RNA and their mechanisms of action for stimulating immune responses and inducing therapeutic effects. Furthermore, this chapter delves into the varying delivery systems, particularly emphasizing the use of nanoparticles to deliver RNA. The choice of delivery system is an intricate process involved in developing nucleic acid medicines that significantly enhances their stability, biocompatibility, and site-specificity. Additionally, this chapter sheds light on the current landscape of clinical trials of RNA therapeutics and vaccines against intracellular pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Suresh Kola
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dhruv Patel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Aneesh Thakur
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Nazari A, Momayezi A, Faghihkhorasani F, Rasool Riyadh Abdulwahid AH, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Kavei M, Rezaei R, Mobarak H, Aref AR, Fang W. Nano-scale delivery systems for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy: New era of gene therapy empowered by nanotechnology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117263. [PMID: 37797672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a unique treatment approach used to decrease a disease's excessive gene expression, including cancer. SiRNAs may find and destroy homologous mRNA sequences within the cell thanks to RNAi processes. However, difficulties such poor cellular uptake, off-target effects, and susceptibility to destruction by serum nucleases in the bloodstream restrict the therapeutic potential of siRNAs. Since some years ago, siRNA-based therapies have been in the process of being translated into the clinic. Therefore, the primary emphasis of this work is on sophisticated nanocarriers that aid in the transport of siRNA payloads, their administration in combination with anticancer medications, and their use in the treatment of cancer. The research looks into molecular manifestations, difficulties with siRNA transport, the design and development of siRNA-based delivery methods, and the benefits and drawbacks of various nanocarriers. The trapping of siRNA in endosomes is a challenge for the majority of delivery methods, which affects the therapeutic effectiveness. Numerous techniques for siRNA release, including as pH-responsive release, membrane fusion, the proton sponge effect, and photochemical disruption, have been studied to overcome this problem. The present state of siRNA treatments in clinical trials is also looked at in order to give a thorough and systematic evaluation of siRNA-based medicines for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Momayezi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science, and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammed Kavei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roya Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Clinical Pathologist, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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43
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Chen J, Xu Y, Zhou M, Xu S, Varley AJ, Golubovic A, Lu RXZ, Wang KC, Yeganeh M, Vosoughi D, Li B. Combinatorial design of ionizable lipid nanoparticles for muscle-selective mRNA delivery with minimized off-target effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309472120. [PMID: 38060560 PMCID: PMC10723144 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309472120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) pivotal to the success of COVID-19 mRNA (messenger RNA) vaccines hold substantial promise for expanding the landscape of mRNA-based therapies. Nevertheless, the risk of mRNA delivery to off-target tissues highlights the necessity for LNPs with enhanced tissue selectivity. The intricate nature of biological systems and inadequate knowledge of lipid structure-activity relationships emphasize the significance of high-throughput methods to produce chemically diverse lipid libraries for mRNA delivery screening. Here, we introduce a streamlined approach for the rapid design and synthesis of combinatorial libraries of biodegradable ionizable lipids. This led to the identification of iso-A11B5C1, an ionizable lipid uniquely apt for muscle-specific mRNA delivery. It manifested high transfection efficiencies in muscle tissues, while significantly diminishing off-targeting in organs like the liver and spleen. Moreover, iso-A11B5C1 also exhibited reduced mRNA transfection potency in lymph nodes and antigen-presenting cells, prompting investigation into the influence of direct immune cell transfection via LNPs on mRNA vaccine effectiveness. In comparison with SM-102, while iso-A11B5C1's limited immune transfection attenuated its ability to elicit humoral immunity, it remained highly effective in triggering cellular immune responses after intramuscular administration, which is further corroborated by its strong therapeutic performance as cancer vaccine in a melanoma model. Collectively, our study not only enriches the high-throughput toolkit for generating tissue-specific ionizable lipids but also encourages a reassessment of prevailing paradigms in mRNA vaccine design. This study encourages rethinking of mRNA vaccine design principles, suggesting that achieving high immune cell transfection might not be the sole criterion for developing effective mRNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingan Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Yue Xu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Muye Zhou
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Shufen Xu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Andrew James Varley
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Alex Golubovic
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Rick Xing Ze Lu
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Kevin Chang Wang
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Mina Yeganeh
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1L7, Canada
- Latner Thoracic Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Bowen Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3G9, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONM5S 3M2, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ONM5G 2C1, Canada
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44
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Hamilton AG, Swingle KL, Joseph RA, Mai D, Gong N, Billingsley MM, Alameh MG, Weissman D, Sheppard NC, June CH, Mitchell MJ. Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles with Integrated Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for mRNA CAR T Cell Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301515. [PMID: 37602495 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway is a major source of dampened T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment. While clinical approaches to inhibiting the PD-1 pathway using antibody blockade have been broadly successful, these approaches lead to widespread PD-1 suppression, increasing the risk of autoimmune reactions. This study reports the development of an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform for simultaneous therapeutic gene expression and RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated transient gene knockdown in T cells. In developing this platform, interesting interactions are observed between the two RNA cargoes when co-encapsulated, leading to improved expression and knockdown characteristics compared to delivering either cargo alone. This messenger RNA (mRNA)/small interfering RNA (siRNA) co-delivery platform is adopted to deliver chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) mRNA and siRNA targeting PD-1 to primary human T cells ex vivo and strong CAR expression and PD-1 knockdown are observed without apparent changes to overall T cell activation state. This delivery platform shows great promise for transient immune gene modulation for a number of immunoengineering applications, including the development of improved cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ryann A Joseph
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Mai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Neil C Sheppard
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for RNA Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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45
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Yaghmur A, Østergaard J, Mu H. Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics: Recent advances in development of siRNA and lipoprotein-mimicking nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115136. [PMID: 37944644 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The limitations inherent in conventional cancer treatment methods have stimulated recent efforts towards the design of safe nanomedicines with high efficacy for combating cancer through various promising approaches. A plethora of nanoparticles has been introduced in the development of cancer nanomedicines. Among them, different lipid nanoparticles are attractive for use due to numerous advantages and unique opportunities, including biocompatibility and targeted drug delivery. However, a comprehensive understanding of nano-bio interactions is imperative to facilitate the translation of recent advancements in the development of cancer nanomedicines into clinical practice. In this contribution, we focus on lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticles, which possess unique features and compositions facilitating drug transport through receptor binding mechanisms. Additionally, we describe potential applications of siRNA lipid nanoparticles in the future design of anticancer nanomedicines. Thus, this review highlights recent progress, challenges, and opportunities of lipid-based lipoprotein-mimicking nanoparticles and siRNA nanocarriers designed for the targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Østergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Huiling Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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46
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Thatte AS, Hamilton AG, Nachod BE, Mukalel AJ, Billingsley MM, Palanki R, Swingle KL, Mitchell MJ. mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for Ex Vivo Engineering of Immunosuppressive T Cells for Autoimmunity Therapies. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10179-10188. [PMID: 37906000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies for autoimmune diseases have gained significant traction, with several approaches centered around the regulatory T (Treg) cell─a well-known immunosuppressive cell characterized by its expression of the transcription factor Foxp3. Unfortunately, due to low numbers of Treg cells available in circulation, harvesting and culturing Treg cells remains a challenge. It has been reported that engineering Foxp3 expression in CD4+ T cells can result in a Treg-like phenotype; however, current methods result in the inefficient engineering of these cells. Here, we develop an ionizable lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform to effectively deliver Foxp3 mRNA to CD4+ T cells. We successfully engineer CD4+ T cells into Foxp3-T (FP3T) cells that transiently exhibit an immunosuppressive phenotype and functionally suppress the proliferation of effector T cells. These results demonstrate the promise of an LNP platform for engineering immunosuppressive T cells with potential applications in autoimmunity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S Thatte
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alex G Hamilton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Benjamin E Nachod
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Alvin J Mukalel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Margaret M Billingsley
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rohan Palanki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kelsey L Swingle
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Michael J Mitchell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 United States
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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47
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Khalifah BA, Alghamdi SA, Alhasan AH. Unleashing the potential of catalytic RNAs to combat mis-spliced transcripts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1244377. [PMID: 38047291 PMCID: PMC10690607 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1244377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human transcriptome can undergo RNA mis-splicing due to spliceopathies contributing to the increasing number of genetic diseases including muscular dystrophy (MD), Alzheimer disease (AD), Huntington disease (HD), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Intron retention (IR) is a major inducer of spliceopathies where two or more introns remain in the final mature mRNA and account for many intronic expansion diseases. Potential removal of such introns for therapeutic purposes can be feasible when utilizing bioinformatics, catalytic RNAs, and nano-drug delivery systems. Overcoming delivery challenges of catalytic RNAs was discussed in this review as a future perspective highlighting the significance of utilizing synthetic biology in addition to high throughput deep sequencing and computational approaches for the treatment of mis-spliced transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashayer A. Khalifah
- Institute for Bioengineering, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali H. Alhasan
- Institute for Bioengineering, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Science and General Studies, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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48
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Friis KP, Gracin S, Oag S, Leijon A, Sand E, Lindberg B, Lázaro-Ibáñez E, Lindqvist J, Whitehead KA, Bak A. Spray dried lipid nanoparticle formulations enable intratracheal delivery of mRNA. J Control Release 2023; 363:389-401. [PMID: 37741463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
RNA therapies have recently taken a giant leap forward with the approval of Onpattro™, a siRNA therapy delivered using a lipid nanoparticle (LNP), and the LNP-enabled mRNA vaccines against COVID-19, which are the first mRNA drugs to reach the marketplace. The latter medicines have illustrated that stability is a significant challenge in the distribution of RNA drugs using non-viral delivery systems, particularly in areas without cold chain storage. Here, we describe a proof-of-concept study on the engineering of an LNP mRNA formulation suitable for spray drying. This process produced a dry powder formulation that maintained stability and preserved mRNA functionality with increased performance compared to liquid formulations stored two weeks at 4 °C. Intratracheal delivery of spray dried LNPs loaded with eGFP mRNA to rats resulted in the production of the eGFP protein in a range of cell types including bronchiolar epithelial cells, macrophages and type II pneumocytes; cell types involved in adaptive immunity and which would be valuable targets for inhaled vaccines against respiratory pathogens. Together, these data show that spray drying of LNPs enhances their stability and may enable RNA delivery to the lung for protein replacement therapy, gene editing, vaccination, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pagh Friis
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Sandra Gracin
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Steven Oag
- Animal Sciences & Technology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Leijon
- R&I Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Sand
- Imaging and Data Analytics, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Botilda Lindberg
- Bioscience Cough & In Vivo, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Sweden
| | - Elisa Lázaro-Ibáñez
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johnny Lindqvist
- CPSS Discovery Bioanalysis Europe, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kathryn A Whitehead
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, United States of America
| | - Annette Bak
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, United States of America
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49
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Goldman RL, Vittala Murthy NT, Northen TP, Balakrishnan A, Chivukula S, Danz H, Tibbitts T, Dias A, Vargas J, Cooper D, Gopani H, Beaulieu A, Kalnin KV, Plitnik T, Karmakar S, Dasari R, Landis R, Karve S, DeRosa F. Understanding structure activity relationships of Good HEPES lipids for lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccine applications. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122243. [PMID: 37480759 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown great promise as delivery vehicles to transport messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) into cells and act as vaccines for infectious diseases including COVID-19 and influenza. The ionizable lipid incorporated within the LNP is known to be one of the main driving factors for potency and tolerability. Herein, we describe a novel family of ionizable lipids synthesized with a piperazine core derived from the HEPES Good buffer. These ionizable lipids have unique asymmetric tails and two dissimilar degradable moieties incorporated within the structure. Lipids tails of varying lengths, degrees of unsaturation, branching, and the inclusion of additional ester moieties were evaluated for protein expression. We observed several key lipid structure activity relationships that correlated with improved protein production in vivo, including lipid tails of 12 carbons on the ester side and the effect of carbon spacing on the disulfide arm of the lipids. Differences in LNP physical characteristics were observed for lipids containing an extra ester moiety. The LNP structure and lipid bilayer packing, visualized through Cryo-TEM, affected the amount of protein produced in vivo. In non-human primates, the Good HEPES LNPs formulated with an mRNA encoding an influenza hemagglutinin (HA) antigen successfully generated functional HA inhibition (HAI) antibody titers comparable to the industry standards MC3 and SM-102 LNPs, demonstrating their promise as a potential vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hillary Danz
- mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | - Anusha Dias
- mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jorel Vargas
- mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Frank DeRosa
- mRNA Center of Excellence, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, USA
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50
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Zhang W, Jiang Y, He Y, Boucetta H, Wu J, Chen Z, He W. Lipid carriers for mRNA delivery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4105-4126. [PMID: 37799378 PMCID: PMC10547918 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer. Especially, mRNA-based vaccines, as a new type of vaccine, have played a leading role in fighting against the current global pandemic of COVID-19. However, the inherent drawbacks, including large size, negative charge, and instability, hinder its use as a therapeutic agent. Lipid carriers are distinguishable and promising vehicles for mRNA delivery, owning the capacity to encapsulate and deliver negatively charged drugs to the targeted tissues and release cargoes at the desired time. Here, we first summarized the structure and properties of different lipid carriers, such as liposomes, liposome-like nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, exosomes and lipoprotein particles, and their applications in delivering mRNA. Then, the development of lipid-based formulations as vaccine delivery systems was discussed and highlighted. Recent advancements in the mRNA vaccine of COVID-19 were emphasized. Finally, we described our future vision and perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonglong He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hamza Boucetta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200443, China
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