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Kraut-Cohen J, Frenkel O, Covo S, Marcos-Hadad E, Carmeli S, Belausov E, Minz D, Cytryn E. A pipeline for rapidly evaluating activity and inferring mechanisms of action of prospective antifungal compounds. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:2804-2816. [PMID: 38323791 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal phytopathogens are a significant threat to crops and food security, and there is a constant need to develop safe and effective compounds that antagonize them. In-planta assays are complex and tedious and are thus not suitable for initial high-throughput screening of new candidate antifungal compounds. We propose an in vitro screening pipeline that integrates five rapid quantitative and qualitative methods to estimate the efficacy and mode of action of prospective antifungal compounds. RESULTS The pipeline was evaluated using five documented antifungal compounds (benomyl, catechol, cycloheximide, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, and phenylacetic acid) that have different modes of action and efficacy, against the model soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis cucumerinum. We initially evaluated the five compounds' ability to inhibit fungal growth and metabolic activity using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled F. oxysporum and PrestoBlue staining, respectively, in multiwell plate assays. We tested the compounds' inhibition of both conidial germination and hyphal elongation. We then employed FUN-1 and SYTO9/propidium iodide staining, coupled to confocal microscopy, to differentiate between fungal growth inhibition and death at the cellular level. Finally, using a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-detection assay, we were able to quantify ROS production in response to compound application. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the proposed pipeline provides a wide array of quantitative and qualitative data on the tested compounds that can help pinpoint promising novel compounds; these can then be evaluated more vigorously using in planta screening assays. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Kraut-Cohen
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Shay Covo
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evgeniya Marcos-Hadad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shmuel Carmeli
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dror Minz
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eddie Cytryn
- Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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2
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Ye C, Hong H, Gao J, Li M, Gou Y, Gao D, Dong C, Huang L, Xu Z, Lian J. Characterization and engineering of peroxisome targeting sequences for compartmentalization engineering in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024. [PMID: 38568751 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Peroxisomal compartmentalization has emerged as a highly promising strategy for reconstituting intricate metabolic pathways. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the peroxisomes through harnessing precursor pools, circumventing metabolic crosstalk, and minimizing the cytotoxicity of exogenous pathways. However, it is important to note that in methylotrophic yeasts (e.g. Pichia pastoris), the abundance and protein composition of peroxisomes are highly variable, particularly when peroxisome proliferation is induced by specific carbon sources. The intricate subcellular localization of native proteins, the variability of peroxisomal metabolic pathways, and the lack of systematic characterization of peroxisome targeting signals have limited the applications of peroxisomal compartmentalization in P. pastoris. Accordingly, this study established a high-throughput screening method based on β-carotene biosynthetic pathway to evaluate the targeting efficiency of PTS1s (Peroxisome Targeting Signal Type 1) in P. pastoris. First, 25 putative endogenous PTS1s were characterized and 3 PTS1s with high targeting efficiency were identified. Then, directed evolution of PTS1s was performed by constructing two PTS1 mutant libraries, and a total of 51 PTS1s (29 classical and 22 noncanonical PTS1s) with presumably higher peroxisomal targeting efficiency were identified, part of which were further characterized via confocal microscope. Finally, the newly identified PTS1s were employed for peroxisomal compartmentalization of the geraniol biosynthetic pathway, resulting in more than 30% increase in the titer of monoterpene compared with when the pathway was localized to the cytosol. The present study expands the synthetic biology toolkit and lays a solid foundation for peroxisomal compartmentalization in P. pastoris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haosen Hong
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jucan Gao
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanwei Gou
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Di Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Dong
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhang Lian
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Dennison NR, Fusenig M, Grönnert L, Maitz MF, Ramirez Martinez MA, Wobus M, Freudenberg U, Bornhäuser M, Friedrichs J, Westenskow PD, Werner C. Precision Culture Scaling to Establish High-Throughput Vasculogenesis Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400388. [PMID: 38465502 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based 3D cell cultures can recapitulate (patho)physiological phenomena ex vivo. However, due to their complex multifactorial regulation, adapting these tissue and disease models for high-throughput screening workflows remains challenging. In this study, a new precision culture scaling (PCS-X) methodology combines statistical techniques (design of experiment and multiple linear regression) with automated, parallelized experiments and analyses to customize hydrogel-based vasculogenesis cultures using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Variations of cell density, growth factor supplementation, and media composition are systematically explored to induce vasculogenesis in endothelial mono- and cocultures with mesenchymal stromal cells or retinal microvascular pericytes in 384-well plate formats. The developed cultures are shown to respond to vasculogenesis inhibitors in a compound- and dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the scope and power of PCS-X in creating parallelized tissue and disease models for drug discovery and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Dennison
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fusenig
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Grönnert
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Manja Wobus
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Balsamo JA, Penton KE, Zhao Z, Hayes MJ, Lima SM, Irish JM, Bachmann BO. An immunogenic cell injury module for the single-cell multiplexed activity metabolomics platform to identify promising anti-cancer natural products. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102300. [PMID: 35931117 PMCID: PMC9424577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products constitute and significantly impact many current anti-cancer medical interventions. A subset of natural products induces injury processes in malignant cells that recruit and activate host immune cells to produce an adaptive anti-cancer immune response, a process known as immunogenic cell death. However, a challenge in the field is to delineate forms of cell death and injury that best promote durable antitumor immunity. Addressing this with a single-cell chemical biology natural product discovery platform, like multiplex activity metabolomics, would be especially valuable in human leukemia, where cancer cells are heterogeneous and may react differently to the same compounds. Herein, a new ten-color, fluorescent cell barcoding-compatible module measuring six immunogenic cell injury signaling readouts are as follows: DNA damage response (γH2AX), apoptosis (cCAS3), necroptosis (p-MLKL), mitosis (p-Histone H3), autophagy (LC3), and the unfolded protein response (p-EIF2α). A proof-of-concept screen was performed to validate functional changes in single cells induced by secondary metabolites with known mechanisms within bacterial extracts. This assay was then applied in multiplexed activity metabolomics to reveal an unexpected mammalian cell injury profile induced by the natural product narbomycin. Finally, the functional consequences of injury pathways on immunogenicity were compared with three canonical assays for immunogenic hallmarks, ATP, HMGB1, and calreticulin, to correlate secondary metabolite-induced cell injury profiles with canonical markers of immunogenic cell death. In total, this work demonstrated a new phenotypic screen for discovery of natural products that modulate injury response pathways that can contribute to cancer immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Balsamo
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, US
| | - Kathryn E Penton
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Madeline J Hayes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sierra M Lima
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan M Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brian O Bachmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, US; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Nashville, TN, USA.
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5
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Lo CH, Zeng J. Application of polymersomes in membrane protein study and drug discovery: Progress, strategies, and perspectives. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 8:e10350. [PMID: 36684106 PMCID: PMC9842050 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane proteins (MPs) play key roles in cellular signaling pathways and are responsible for intercellular and intracellular interactions. Dysfunctional MPs are directly related to the pathogenesis of various diseases, and they have been exploited as one of the most sought-after targets in the pharmaceutical industry. However, working with MPs is difficult given that their amphiphilic nature requires protection from biological membrane or membrane mimetics. Polymersomes are bilayered nano-vesicles made of self-assembled block copolymers that have been widely used as cell membrane mimetics for MP reconstitution and in engineering of artificial cells. This review highlights the prevailing trend in the application of polymersomes in MP study and drug discovery. We begin with a review on the techniques for synthesis and characterization of polymersomes as well as methods of MP insertion to form proteopolymersomes. Next, we review the structural and functional analysis of the different types of MPs reconstituted in polymersomes, including membrane transport proteins, MP complexes, and membrane receptors. We then summarize the factors affecting reconstitution efficiency and the quality of reconstituted MPs for structural and functional studies. Additionally, we discuss the potential in using proteopolymersomes as platforms for high-throughput screening (HTS) in drug discovery to identify modulators of MPs. We conclude by providing future perspectives and recommendations on advancing the study of MPs and drug development using proteopolymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih Hung Lo
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jialiu Zeng
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore,Department of Biomedical EngineeringBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of ChemistryBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
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6
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Colwill K, Galipeau Y, Stuible M, Gervais C, Arnold C, Rathod B, Abe KT, Wang JH, Pasculescu A, Maltseva M, Rocheleau L, Pelchat M, Fazel-Zarandi M, Iskilova M, Barrios-Rodiles M, Bennett L, Yau K, Cholette F, Mesa C, Li AX, Paterson A, Hladunewich MA, Goodwin PJ, Wrana JL, Drews SJ, Mubareka S, McGeer AJ, Kim J, Langlois MA, Gingras AC, Durocher Y. A scalable serology solution for profiling humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1380. [PMID: 35356067 PMCID: PMC8942165 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Antibody testing against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has been instrumental in detecting previous exposures and analyzing vaccine‐elicited immune responses. Here, we describe a scalable solution to detect and quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies, discriminate between natural infection‐ and vaccination‐induced responses, and assess antibody‐mediated inhibition of the spike‐angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) interaction. Methods We developed methods and reagents to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The main assays focus on the parallel detection of immunoglobulin (Ig)Gs against the spike trimer, its receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid (N). We automated a surrogate neutralisation (sn)ELISA that measures inhibition of ACE2‐spike or ‐RBD interactions by antibodies. The assays were calibrated to a World Health Organization reference standard. Results Our single‐point IgG‐based ELISAs accurately distinguished non‐infected and infected individuals. For seroprevalence assessment (in a non‐vaccinated cohort), classifying a sample as positive if antibodies were detected for ≥ 2 of the 3 antigens provided the highest specificity. In vaccinated cohorts, increases in anti‐spike and ‐RBD (but not ‐N) antibodies are observed. We present detailed protocols for serum/plasma or dried blood spots analysis performed manually and on automated platforms. The snELISA can be performed automatically at single points, increasing its scalability. Conclusions Measuring antibodies to three viral antigens and identify neutralising antibodies capable of disrupting spike‐ACE2 interactions in high‐throughput enables large‐scale analyses of humoral immune responses to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination. The reagents are available to enable scaling up of standardised serological assays, permitting inter‐laboratory data comparison and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Colwill
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Matthew Stuible
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Montréal QC Canada
| | - Christian Gervais
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Montréal QC Canada
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Bhavisha Rathod
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Present address: Treadwell Therapeutics Toronto ON Canada
| | - Kento T Abe
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jenny H Wang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Adrian Pasculescu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Mariam Maltseva
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Lynda Rocheleau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada.,The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Mahya Fazel-Zarandi
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Mariam Iskilova
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Linda Bennett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Kevin Yau
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
| | - François Cholette
- National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Christine Mesa
- National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Angel X Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Aimee Paterson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
| | - Michelle A Hladunewich
- Division of Nephrology Department of Medicine Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada
| | - Pamela J Goodwin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Steven J Drews
- Microbiology, Donation Policy and Studies Canadian Blood Services Edmonton AB Canada.,Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Division of Microbiology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada.,Biological Sciences Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto ON Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Allison J McGeer
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Microbiology, at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - John Kim
- National Microbiology Laboratory Public Health Agency of Canada Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada.,The Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Yves Durocher
- Mammalian Cell Expression, Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre National Research Council Canada Montréal QC Canada
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7
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Shibuya Y, Hokugo A, Okawa H, Kondo T, Khalil D, Wang L, Roca Y, Clements A, Sasaki H, Berry E, Nishimura I, Jarrahy R. Therapeutic downregulation of neuronal PAS domain 2 ( Npas2) promotes surgical skin wound healing. eLife 2022; 11:e71074. [PMID: 35040776 PMCID: PMC8789286 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attempts to minimize scarring remain among the most difficult challenges facing surgeons, despite the use of optimal wound closure techniques. Previously, we reported improved healing of dermal excisional wounds in circadian clock neuronal PAS domain 2 (Npas2)-null mice. In this study, we performed high-throughput drug screening to identify a compound that downregulates Npas2 activity. The hit compound (Dwn1) suppressed circadian Npas2 expression, increased murine dermal fibroblast cell migration, and decreased collagen synthesis in vitro. Based on the in vitro results, Dwn1 was topically applied to iatrogenic full-thickness dorsal cutaneous wounds in a murine model. The Dwn1-treated dermal wounds healed faster with favorable mechanical strength and developed less granulation tissue than the controls. The expression of type I collagen, Tgfβ1, and α-smooth muscle actin was significantly decreased in Dwn1-treated wounds, suggesting that hypertrophic scarring and myofibroblast differentiation are attenuated by Dwn1 treatment. NPAS2 may represent an important target for therapeutic approaches to optimal surgical wound management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Shibuya
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive BiotechnologyLos AngelesUnited States
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Akishige Hokugo
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive BiotechnologyLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hiroko Okawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive BiotechnologyLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistryMiyagiJapan
| | - Takeru Kondo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive BiotechnologyLos AngelesUnited States
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of DentistryMiyagiJapan
| | - Daniel Khalil
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Lixin Wang
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Yvonne Roca
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Adam Clements
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive BiotechnologyLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ella Berry
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Ichiro Nishimura
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive BiotechnologyLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Reza Jarrahy
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineLos AngelesUnited States
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8
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Zhou X, Qu M, Tebon P, Jiang X, Wang C, Xue Y, Zhu J, Zhang S, Oklu R, Sengupta S, Sun W, Khademhosseini A. Screening Cancer Immunotherapy: When Engineering Approaches Meet Artificial Intelligence. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:2001447. [PMID: 33042756 PMCID: PMC7539186 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a class of promising anticancer treatments that has recently gained attention due to surging numbers of FDA approvals and extensive preclinical studies demonstrating efficacy. Nevertheless, further clinical implementation has been limited by high variability in patient response to different immunotherapeutic agents. These treatments currently do not have reliable predictors of efficacy and may lead to side effects. The future development of additional immunotherapy options and the prediction of patient-specific response to treatment require advanced screening platforms associated with accurate and rapid data interpretation. Advanced engineering approaches ranging from sequencing and gene editing, to tumor organoids engineering, bioprinted tissues, and organs-on-a-chip systems facilitate the screening of cancer immunotherapies by recreating the intrinsic and extrinsic features of a tumor and its microenvironment. High-throughput platform development and progress in artificial intelligence can also improve the efficiency and accuracy of screening methods. Here, these engineering approaches in screening cancer immunotherapies are highlighted, and a discussion of the future perspectives and challenges associated with these emerging fields to further advance the clinical use of state-of-the-art cancer immunotherapies are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwu Zhou
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Moyuan Qu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- State Key Laboratory of Oral DiseasesNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesWest China Hospital of StomatologySichuan UniversityChengdu610041China
| | - Peyton Tebon
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Xing Jiang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- School of NursingNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Canran Wang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Yumeng Xue
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jixiang Zhu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of Basic Medical SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou511436China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Minimally Invasive Therapeutics LaboratoryDivision of Vascular and Interventional RadiologyMayo ClinicPhoenixAZ85054USA
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Harvard–Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and TechnologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Center for Minimally Invasive TherapeuticsCalifornia NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringHenry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied SciencesUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of RadiologyDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos AngelesCA90064USA
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9
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Vassey MJ, Figueredo GP, Scurr DJ, Vasilevich AS, Vermeulen S, Carlier A, Luckett J, Beijer NRM, Williams P, Winkler DA, de Boer J, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Immune Modulation by Design: Using Topography to Control Human Monocyte Attachment and Macrophage Differentiation. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2020; 7:1903392. [PMID: 32537404 PMCID: PMC7284204 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201903392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a central role in orchestrating immune responses to foreign materials, which are often responsible for the failure of implanted medical devices. Material topography is known to influence macrophage attachment and phenotype, providing opportunities for the rational design of "immune-instructive" topographies to modulate macrophage function and thus foreign body responses to biomaterials. However, no generalizable understanding of the inter-relationship between topography and cell response exists. A high throughput screening approach is therefore utilized to investigate the relationship between topography and human monocyte-derived macrophage attachment and phenotype, using a diverse library of 2176 micropatterns generated by an algorithm. This reveals that micropillars 5-10 µm in diameter play a dominant role in driving macrophage attachment compared to the many other topographies screened, an observation that aligns with studies of the interaction of macrophages with particles. Combining the pillar size with the micropillar density is found to be key in modulation of cell phenotype from pro to anti-inflammatory states. Machine learning is used to successfully build a model that correlates cell attachment and phenotype with a selection of descriptors, illustrating that materials can potentially be designed to modulate inflammatory responses for future applications in the fight against foreign body rejection of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David J. Scurr
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Aliaksei S. Vasilevich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 EBEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Steven Vermeulen
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue EngineeringMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ETMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Carlier
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue EngineeringMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ETMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jeni Luckett
- University of Nottingham Biosdiscovery Institute and School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2UHUK
| | - Nick R. M. Beijer
- Department of Cell Biology Inspired Tissue EngineeringMERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative MedicineMaastricht University6229 ETMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Williams
- University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - David A. Winkler
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundoora3042Australia
- School of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesMonash UniversityParkville3052Australia
- CSIRO Data61Parkville4069Australia
| | - Jan de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of Technology5600 EBEindhovenThe Netherlands
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10
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Burke C, Abrahams KA, Richardson EJ, Loman NJ, Alemparte C, Lelievre J, Besra GS. Development of a whole-cell high-throughput phenotypic screen to identify inhibitors of mycobacterial amino acid biosynthesis. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:246-254. [PMID: 32123830 PMCID: PMC6996392 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2018-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tubercular drug discovery continues to be dominated by whole-cell high-throughput screening campaigns, enabling the rapid discovery of new inhibitory chemical scaffolds. Target-based screening is a popular approach to direct inhibitor discovery with a specified mode of action, eliminating the discovery of anti-tubercular agents against unsuitable targets. Herein, a screening method has been developed using Mycobacterium bovis BCG to identify inhibitors of amino acid biosynthesis. The methodology was initially optimized using the known branched-chain amino acid biosynthetic inhibitors metsulfuron-methyl (MSM) and sulfometuron-methyl (SMM), and subsequently, whole genome sequencing of resistant mutants and the use of over-expressor strains confirming their mode of action. The GlaxoSmithKline compound library of small molecule inhibitors with known activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was then used to validate the screen. In this paper, we have shown that media supplementation with amino acids can rescue M bovis BCG from known amino acid synthesis inhibitors, MSM and SMM, in a pathway specific manner. The therapeutic potential of amino acid biosynthesis inhibitors emphasizes the importance of this innovative screen, enabling the discovery of compounds targeting a multitude of related essential biochemical pathways, without limiting drug discovery toward a single target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Joel Lelievre
- Diseases of the Developing World, GlaxoSmithKlineMadridSpain
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11
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Song SW, Kim SD, Oh DY, Lee Y, Lee AC, Jeong Y, Bae HJ, Lee D, Lee S, Kim J, Kwon S. One-Step Generation of a Drug-Releasing Hydrogel Microarray-On-A-Chip for Large-Scale Sequential Drug Combination Screening. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2019; 6:1801380. [PMID: 30775230 PMCID: PMC6364496 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale screening of sequential drug combinations, wherein the dynamic rewiring of intracellular pathways leads to promising therapeutic effects and improvements in quality of life, is essential for personalized medicine to ensure realistic cost and time requirements and less sample consumption. However, the large-scale screening requires expensive and complicated liquid handling systems for automation and therefore lowers the accessibility to clinicians or biologists, limiting the full potential of sequential drug combinations in clinical applications and academic investigations. Here, a miniaturized platform for high-throughput combinatorial drug screening that is "pipetting-free" and scalable for the screening of sequential drug combinations is presented. The platform uses parallel and bottom-up formation of a heterogeneous drug-releasing hydrogel microarray by self-assembly of drug-laden hydrogel microparticles. This approach eliminates the need for liquid handling systems and time-consuming operation in high-throughput large-scale screening. In addition, the serial replacement of the drug-releasing microarray-on-a-chip facilitates different drug exchange in each and every microwell in a simple and highly parallel manner, supporting scalable implementation of multistep combinatorial screening. The proposed strategy can be applied to various forms of combinatorial drug screening with limited amounts of samples and resources, which will broaden the use of the large-scale screening for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Song
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Su Deok Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Dong Yoon Oh
- Institutes of Entrepreneurial BioConvergenceSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Amos Chungwon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Science and EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Yunjin Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Hyung Jong Bae
- Nano Systems InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Daewon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in BioengineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Sumin Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan44919South Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kwon
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoul08826South Korea
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12
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Crecente‐Campo J, Alonso MJ. Engineering, on-demand manufacturing, and scaling-up of polymeric nanocapsules. Bioeng Transl Med 2019; 4:38-50. [PMID: 30680317 PMCID: PMC6336665 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric nanocapsules are versatile delivery systems with the capacity to load lipophilic drugs in their oily nucleus and hydrophilic drugs in their polymeric shell. The objective of this work was to expand the technological possibilities to prepare customized nanocapsules. First, we adapted the solvent displacement technique to modulate the particle size of the resulting nanocapsules in the 50-500 nm range. We also produced nanosystems with a shell made of one or multiple polymer layers i.e. chitosan, dextran sulphate, hyaluronate, chondroitin sulphate, and alginate. In addition, we identified the conditions to translate the process into a miniaturized high-throughput tailor-made fabrication that enables massive screening of formulations. Finally, the production of the nanocapsules was scaled-up both in a batch production, and also using microfluidics. The versatility of the properties of these nanocapsules and their fabrication technologies is expected to propel their advance from bench to clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Crecente‐Campo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - María José Alonso
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), Campus VidaUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
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13
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Jabs J, Zickgraf FM, Park J, Wagner S, Jiang X, Jechow K, Kleinheinz K, Toprak UH, Schneider MA, Meister M, Spaich S, Sütterlin M, Schlesner M, Trumpp A, Sprick M, Eils R, Conrad C. Screening drug effects in patient-derived cancer cells links organoid responses to genome alterations. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:955. [PMID: 29180611 PMCID: PMC5731348 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20177697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer drug screening in patient-derived cells holds great promise for personalized oncology and drug discovery but lacks standardization. Whether cells are cultured as conventional monolayer or advanced, matrix-dependent organoid cultures influences drug effects and thereby drug selection and clinical success. To precisely compare drug profiles in differently cultured primary cells, we developed DeathPro, an automated microscopy-based assay to resolve drug-induced cell death and proliferation inhibition. Using DeathPro, we screened cells from ovarian cancer patients in monolayer or organoid culture with clinically relevant drugs. Drug-induced growth arrest and efficacy of cytostatic drugs differed between the two culture systems. Interestingly, drug effects in organoids were more diverse and had lower therapeutic potential. Genomic analysis revealed novel links between drug sensitivity and DNA repair deficiency in organoids that were undetectable in monolayers. Thus, our results highlight the dependency of cytostatic drugs and pharmacogenomic associations on culture systems, and guide culture selection for drug tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Jabs
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska M Zickgraf
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeongbin Park
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steve Wagner
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaoqi Jiang
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Jechow
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kortine Kleinheinz
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Umut H Toprak
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Saskia Spaich
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc Sütterlin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthias Schlesner
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Trumpp
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM) gGmbH, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Quantitative Analysis of Molecular and Cellular Biosystems (BioQuant), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Geuijen KPM, Oppers-Tiemissen C, Egging DF, Simons PJ, Boon L, Schasfoort RBM, Eppink MHM. Rapid screening of IgG quality attributes - effects on Fc receptor binding. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1557-1574. [PMID: 28979843 PMCID: PMC5623700 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interactions of therapeutic antibodies with fragment crystallizable γ (Fcγ) receptors and neonatal Fc receptors (FcRn) are measured in vitro as indicators of antibody functional performance. Antibodies are anchored to immune cells through the Fc tail, and these interactions are important for the efficacy and safety of therapeutic antibodies. High‐throughput binding studies on each of the human Fcγ receptor classes (FcγRI, FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb) as well as FcRn have been developed and performed with human IgG after stress‐induced modifications to identify potential impact in vivo. Interestingly, we found that asparagine deamidation (D‐N) reduced the binding of IgG to the low‐affinity Fcγ receptors (FcγRIIa, FcγRIIb, FcγRIIIa, and FcγRIIIb), while FcγRI and FcRn binding was not impacted. Deglycosylation completely inhibited binding to all Fcγ receptors, but showed no impact on binding to FcRn. On the other hand, afucosylation only impacted binding to FcγRIIIa and FcγRIIIb. Methionine oxidation at levels below 7%, multiple freeze/thaw cycles and short‐term thermal/shake stress did not influence binding to any of the Fc receptors. The presence of high molecular weight species, or aggregates, disturbed measurements in these binding assays; up to 5% of aggregates in IgG samples changed the binding and kinetics to each of the Fc receptors. Overall, the screening assays described in this manuscript prove that rapid and multiplexed binding assays may be a valuable tool for lead optimization, process development, in‐process controls, and biosimilarity assessment of IgGs during development and manufacturing of therapeutic IgGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin P M Geuijen
- Downstream processing Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV Nijmegen the Netherlands.,Bioprocess Engineering Wageningen University the Netherlands
| | | | - David F Egging
- Preclinical department Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV Nijmegenthe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Richard B M Schasfoort
- Medical Cell Biophysics group MIRA institute Faculty of Science and Technology University of Twente Enschede the Netherlands
| | - Michel H M Eppink
- Downstream processing Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV Nijmegen the Netherlands.,Bioprocess Engineering Wageningen University the Netherlands
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15
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Kim HS, Hsu S, Han S, Thapa HR, Guzman AR, Browne DR, Tatli M, Devarenne TP, Stern DB, Han A. High-throughput droplet microfluidics screening platform for selecting fast-growing and high lipid-producing microalgae from a mutant library. Plant Direct 2017; 1:e00011. [PMID: 31245660 PMCID: PMC6508572 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Biofuels derived from microalgal lipids have demonstrated a promising potential as future renewable bioenergy. However, the production costs for microalgae-based biofuels are not economically competitive, and one strategy to overcome this limitation is to develop better-performing microalgal strains that have faster growth and higher lipid content through genetic screening and metabolic engineering. In this work, we present a high-throughput droplet microfluidics-based screening platform capable of analyzing growth and lipid content in populations derived from single cells of a randomly mutated microalgal library to identify and sort variants that exhibit the desired traits such as higher growth rate and increased lipid content. By encapsulating single cells into water-in-oil emulsion droplets, each variant was separately cultured inside an individual droplet that functioned as an independent bioreactor. In conjunction with an on-chip fluorescent lipid staining process within droplets, microalgal growth and lipid content were characterized by measuring chlorophyll and BODIPY fluorescence intensities through an integrated optical detection system in a flow-through manner. Droplets containing cells with higher growth and lipid content were selectively retrieved and further analyzed off-chip. The growth and lipid content screening capabilities of the developed platform were successfully demonstrated by first carrying out proof-of-concept screening using known Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants. The platform was then utilized to screen an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutated C. reinhardtii population, where eight potential mutants showing faster growth and higher lipid content were selected from 200,000 examined samples, demonstrating the capability of the platform as a high-throughput screening tool for microalgal biofuel development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Korea Institute of Machinery and MaterialsDaegu Research Center for Medical Devices and RehabilitationDaeguSouth Korea
| | | | - Song‐I Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Hem R. Thapa
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Adrian R. Guzman
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Daniel R. Browne
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Mehmet Tatli
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Timothy P. Devarenne
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | | | - Arum Han
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
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16
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Sokolina K, Kittanakom S, Snider J, Kotlyar M, Maurice P, Gandía J, Benleulmi-Chaachoua A, Tadagaki K, Oishi A, Wong V, Malty RH, Deineko V, Aoki H, Amin S, Yao Z, Morató X, Otasek D, Kobayashi H, Menendez J, Auerbach D, Angers S, Pržulj N, Bouvier M, Babu M, Ciruela F, Jockers R, Jurisica I, Stagljar I. Systematic protein-protein interaction mapping for clinically relevant human GPCRs. Mol Syst Biol 2017; 13:918. [PMID: 28298427 PMCID: PMC5371730 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20167430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G‐protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of integral membrane receptors with key roles in regulating signaling pathways targeted by therapeutics, but are difficult to study using existing proteomics technologies due to their complex biochemical features. To obtain a global view of GPCR‐mediated signaling and to identify novel components of their pathways, we used a modified membrane yeast two‐hybrid (MYTH) approach and identified interacting partners for 48 selected full‐length human ligand‐unoccupied GPCRs in their native membrane environment. The resulting GPCR interactome connects 686 proteins by 987 unique interactions, including 299 membrane proteins involved in a diverse range of cellular functions. To demonstrate the biological relevance of the GPCR interactome, we validated novel interactions of the GPR37, serotonin 5‐HT4d, and adenosine ADORA2A receptors. Our data represent the first large‐scale interactome mapping for human GPCRs and provide a valuable resource for the analysis of signaling pathways involving this druggable family of integral membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Sokolina
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pascal Maurice
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,UMR CNRS 7369 Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - Jorge Gandía
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abla Benleulmi-Chaachoua
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Kenjiro Tadagaki
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Atsuro Oishi
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramy H Malty
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Viktor Deineko
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Shahreen Amin
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Otasek
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology & Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasa Pržulj
- Department of Computing, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Research in Immunology & Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohan Babu
- Department of Biochemistry, Research and Innovation Centre, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada .,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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17
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Hayashi H, Katayama S, Komura T, Hinuma Y, Yokoyama T, Mibu K, Oba F, Tanaka I. Discovery of a Novel Sn(II)-Based Oxide β-SnMoO 4 for Daylight-Driven Photocatalysis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600246. [PMID: 28105400 PMCID: PMC5238750 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Daylight-driven photocatalysts have attracted much attention in the context of "green" technology. Although various active materials have been reported and their applications are rapidly increasing, many are discovered after enormous experimental efforts. Herein the discovery of a novel oxide photocatalyst, β-SnMoO4, is demonstrated via a rational search of 3483 known and hypothetical compounds with various compositions and structures over the whole range of SnO-MO q/2 (M: Ti, Zr, and Hf (q = 4); V, Nb, and Ta (q = 5); Cr, Mo, and W (q = 6)) pseudobinary systems. Screening using thermodynamic stability, band gap, and band-edge positions by density functional theory calculations identifies β-SnMoO4 as a potential target. Then a low temperature route is used to successfully synthesize the novel crystal, which is confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. β-SnMoO4 is active for the photocatalytic decomposition of a methylene blue solution under daylight and its activity is comparable to a known photocatalyst, β-SnWO4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
- Center for Materials Research by Information IntegrationNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0047Japan
| | - Shota Katayama
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
| | - Takahiro Komura
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
| | - Yoyo Hinuma
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
- Center for Materials Research by Information IntegrationNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0047Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Yokoyama
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
| | - Ko Mibu
- Graduate School of EngineeringNagoya Institute of TechnologyShowa‐kuNagoyaAichi466‐8555Japan
| | - Fumiyasu Oba
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
- Center for Materials Research by Information IntegrationNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0047Japan
- Materials and Structures LaboratoryTokyo Institute of TechnologyYokohama226‐8503Japan
| | - Isao Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKyoto UniversitySakyoKyoto606‐8501Japan
- Center for Materials Research by Information IntegrationNational Institute for Materials ScienceTsukuba305‐0047Japan
- Nanostructures Research LaboratoryJapan Fine Ceramics CenterNagoya456‐8587Japan
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18
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Abstract
The detection and characterization of seven-transmembrane-receptor modulators (orthosteric binding site agonists, antagonists, and more recently allosteric modulators) is an area of intense interest for both drug discovery and basic research. Traditionally, assays used to detect and characterize these different modes of modulation have been executed as separate, discrete protocols focused on a particular mode of action (e.g., agonism). In recent years, investigators have begun to combine aspects of these separate protocols to produce methods that detect multiple modes of modulation simultaneously. The power of such approaches is revealed not only in conservation of time and resources, but more importantly in a superior ability to discover and characterize novel modulators of the targets of interest. The protocols in this article describe a general procedure for developing, validating, and utilizing triple-addition assays to enable the simultaneous detection and characterization of multiple modes of seven-transmembrane-receptor modulation. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 3:119-140 © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- C David Weaver
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
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19
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Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the process of ubiquitination, and number nearly 100 in humans. In principle, DUBs represent promising drug targets, as several of the enzymes have been implicated in human diseases. The isopeptidase activity of DUBs can be selectively inhibited by targeting the catalytic site with drug-like compounds. Notably, the mammalian 26S proteasome is associated with three major DUBs: RPN11, UCH37, and USP14. Because the ubiquitin 'chain-trimming' activity of USP14 can inhibit proteasome function, inhibitors of USP14 can stimulate proteasomal degradation. We recently established a high-throughput screening (HTS) method to identify small-molecule inhibitors specific for USP14. The protocols in this article cover the necessary procedures for preparing assay reagents, performing HTS for USP14 inhibitors, and carrying out post-HTS analysis. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 4:311-330 © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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20
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Abstract
There are many assays available for high-throughput assessment of mammalian cell viability or cytotoxicity. Approaches include measurement of metabolic capacity, intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, induction of apoptosis, intracellular esterase and protease activity, and cellular membrane integrity. This unit provides an in-depth protocol for measurement of cellular ATP levels as a readout of mammalian cell viability, using the CellTiter-Glo assay from Promega Corporation. A comparison of the key parameters (sensitivity, speed, and cost) for this and other common high-throughput viability assays is also presented. Curr. Protoc. Chem. Biol. 2:153-161 © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tolliday
- Chemical Biology Platform, The Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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21
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Jang H, Ryoo S, Kim Y, Yoon S, Kim H, Han SW, Choi B, Kim D, Min D. Discovery of hepatitis C virus NS3 helicase inhibitors by a multiplexed, high-throughput helicase activity assay based on graphene oxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2340-4. [PMID: 23355441 PMCID: PMC7159783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
| | - Soo‐Ryoon Ryoo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747 (Korea)
| | - Young‐Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747 (Korea)
| | - Soojin Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143‐701 (Korea)
| | - Henna Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
| | - Sang Woo Han
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 305‐701 (Korea)
| | | | - Dong‐Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143‐701 (Korea)
| | - Dal‐Hee Min
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151‐747 (Korea)
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22
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Yu X, Uprichard SL. Cell-based hepatitis C virus infection fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay for antiviral compound screening. Curr Protoc Microbiol 2010; Chapter 17:Unit 17.5.. [PMID: 20812217 PMCID: PMC2964379 DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc1705s18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects an estimated 3% of the population and is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Since HCV therapeutic and preventative options are limited, the development of new HCV antivirals has become a global health care concern. This has spurred the development of cell-based infectious HCV high-throughput screening assays to test the ability of compounds to inhibit HCV infection. This unit describes methods that may be used to assess the in vitro efficacy of HCV antivirals using a cell-based high-throughput fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) HCV infection screening assay, which allows for the identification of inhibitors that target HCV at any step in the viral life cycle. Basic protocols are provided for compound screening during HCV infection and analysis of compound efficacy using an HCV FRET assay. Support protocols are provided for propagation of infectious HCV and measurement of viral infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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