1
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Bouchla A, Sotiropoulou CD, Esteb C, Loupis T, Papageorgiou SG, Deliconstantinos GG, Pagoni M, Hatzimichael E, Dellatola M, Kalomoiri S, Apostolidou E, Kontos CK, Thomopoulos TP, Karantanos T, Pappa V. Silencing of the DNA damage repair regulator PPP1R15A sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to chemotherapy. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:2853-2863. [PMID: 38842564 PMCID: PMC11283411 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05785-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening disease whose induction treatment consists of combination chemotherapy with Idarubicin and Cytarabine for fit patients. Treatment failures are frequent, urging the need for novel treatments for this disease. The DNA Damage Response Mechanism (DDR) comprises numerous molecules and pathways intended to arrest the cell cycle until DNA damage is repaired or else drive the cell to apoptosis. AML-derived cell lines after treatment with Idarubicin and Cytarabine were used for studying the expression profile of 84 DDR genes, through PCR arrays. Utilizing de novo AML patient and control samples we studied the expression of PPP1R15A, CDKN1A, GADD45A, GADD45G, and EXO1. Next, we performed PPP1R15A silencing in AML cell lines in two separate experiments using siRNA and CRISPR-cas9, respectively. Our findings highlight that DDR regulators demonstrate increased expression in patients with high cytogenetic risk possibly reflecting increased genotoxic stress. Especially, PPP1R15A is mainly involved in the recovery of the cells from stress and it was the only DDR gene upregulated in AML patients. The PPP1R15A silencing resulted in decreased viability of Idarubicin and Cytarabine-treated cell lines, in contrast to untreated cells. These findings shed light on new strategies to enhance chemotherapy efficacy and demonstrate that PPP1R15A is an important DDR regulator in AML and its downregulation might be a safe and effective way to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Bouchla
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina D Sotiropoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christopher Esteb
- Hematologic Malignancies Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theodoros Loupis
- Hematology Research Lab, Clinical, Experimental and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Papageorgiou
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia G Deliconstantinos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Pagoni
- Hematology-Lymphomas Department and BMT Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Dellatola
- Hematology-Lymphomas Department and BMT Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Smaragdi Kalomoiri
- Hematology-Lymphomas Department and BMT Unit, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas P Thomopoulos
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karantanos
- Hematologic Malignancies Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vasiliki Pappa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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2
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Jiang H, Fu Q, Yang J, Qin H, Li A, Liu S, Liu M. Blue light irradiation suppresses oral squamous cell carcinoma through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112963. [PMID: 38908147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of blue light photobiomodulation in cancer treatment, particularly in inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell death, has attracted significant interest. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent form of oral cancer, necessitating innovative treatment approaches to improve patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of 420 nm blue LED light on OSCC and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that 420 nm blue light effectively reduced OSCC cell viability and migration, and induced G2/M arrest. Moreover, we observed that 420 nm blue light triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in OSCC cells, leading to activation of the CHOP signal pathway and alterations in the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins, ultimately promoting cell apoptosis. Additionally, blue light suppressed mitochondrial gene expression, likely due to its damage to mitochondrial DNA. This study highlights the distinct impact of 420 nm blue light on OSCC cells, providing valuable insights into its potential application as a clinical treatment for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiqi Fu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Angze Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shangfeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, China; Zhongshan DB-light Technology Co., Ltd, 14th Floor, South Wing, Shumao Building, Torch Development Zone, Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province 528437, China.
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3
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Xu X, Yin K, Wu R. Systematic Investigation of the Trafficking of Glycoproteins on the Cell Surface. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100761. [PMID: 38593903 PMCID: PMC11087972 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins located on the cell surface play a pivotal role in nearly every extracellular activity. N-glycosylation is one of the most common and important protein modifications in eukaryotic cells, and it often regulates protein folding and trafficking. Glycosylation of cell-surface proteins undergoes meticulous regulation by various enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi, ensuring their proper folding and trafficking to the cell surface. However, the impacts of protein N-glycosylation, N-glycan maturity, and protein folding status on the trafficking of cell-surface glycoproteins remain to be explored. In this work, we comprehensively and site-specifically studied the trafficking of cell-surface glycoproteins in human cells. Integrating metabolic labeling, bioorthogonal chemistry, and multiplexed proteomics, we investigated 706 N-glycosylation sites on 396 cell-surface glycoproteins in monocytes, either by inhibiting protein N-glycosylation, disturbing N-glycan maturation, or perturbing protein folding in the ER. The current results reveal their distinct impacts on the trafficking of surface glycoproteins. The inhibition of protein N-glycosylation dramatically suppresses the trafficking of many cell-surface glycoproteins. The N-glycan immaturity has more substantial effects on proteins with high N-glycosylation site densities, while the perturbation of protein folding in the ER exerts a more pronounced impact on surface glycoproteins with larger sizes. Furthermore, for N-glycosylated proteins, their trafficking to the cell surface is related to the secondary structures and adjacent amino acid residues of glycosylation sites. Systematic analysis of surface glycoprotein trafficking advances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying protein secretion and surface presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kejun Yin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ronghu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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4
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Cho B, Shin M, Chang E, Son S, Shin I, Shim J. S-nitrosylation-triggered unfolded protein response maintains hematopoietic progenitors in Drosophila. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1075-1090.e6. [PMID: 38521056 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The Drosophila lymph gland houses blood progenitors that give rise to myeloid-like blood cells. Initially, blood progenitors proliferate, but later, they become quiescent to maintain multipotency before differentiation. Despite the identification of various factors involved in multipotency maintenance, the cellular mechanism controlling blood progenitor quiescence remains elusive. Here, we identify the expression of nitric oxide synthase in blood progenitors, generating nitric oxide for post-translational S-nitrosylation of protein cysteine residues. S-nitrosylation activates the Ire1-Xbp1-mediated unfolded protein response, leading to G2 cell-cycle arrest. Specifically, we identify the epidermal growth factor receptor as a target of S-nitrosylation, resulting in its retention within the endoplasmic reticulum and blockade of its receptor function. Overall, our findings highlight developmentally programmed S-nitrosylation as a critical mechanism that induces protein quality control in blood progenitors, maintaining their undifferentiated state by inhibiting cell-cycle progression and rendering them unresponsive to paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumsik Cho
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Shin
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Chang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seogho Son
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea; Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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5
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He J, Zhou Y, Sun L. Emerging mechanisms of the unfolded protein response in therapeutic resistance: from chemotherapy to Immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:89. [PMID: 38297380 PMCID: PMC10832166 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) causes ER stress and activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). As an adaptive cellular response to hostile microenvironments, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress, and chemotherapeutic drugs, the UPR is activated in diverse cancer types and functions as a dynamic tumour promoter in cancer development; this role of the UPR indicates that regulation of the UPR can be utilized as a target for tumour treatment. T-cell exhaustion mainly refers to effector T cells losing their effector functions and expressing inhibitory receptors, leading to tumour immune evasion and the loss of tumour control. Emerging evidence suggests that the UPR plays a crucial role in T-cell exhaustion, immune evasion, and resistance to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the molecular basis of UPR activation, the effect of the UPR on immune evasion, the emerging mechanisms of the UPR in chemotherapy and immunotherapy resistance, and agents that target the UPR for tumour therapeutics. An understanding of the role of the UPR in immune evasion and therapeutic resistance will be helpful to identify new therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang He
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Xiangya Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Huan, China.
- Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Center for Molecular Imaging of Central, South University, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, China.
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Fusée L, Salomao N, Ponnuswamy A, Wang L, López I, Chen S, Gu X, Polyzoidis S, Vadivel Gnanasundram S, Fahraeus R. The p53 endoplasmic reticulum stress-response pathway evolved in humans but not in mice via PERK-regulated p53 mRNA structures. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1072-1081. [PMID: 36813920 PMCID: PMC10070458 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular stress conditions activate p53-dependent pathways to counteract the inflicted damage. To achieve the required functional diversity, p53 is subjected to numerous post-translational modifications and the expression of isoforms. Little is yet known how p53 has evolved to respond to different stress pathways. The p53 isoform p53/47 (p47 or ΔNp53) is linked to aging and neural degeneration and is expressed in human cells via an alternative cap-independent translation initiation from the 2nd in-frame AUG at codon 40 (+118) during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Despite an AUG codon in the same location, the mouse p53 mRNA does not express the corresponding isoform in either human or mouse-derived cells. High-throughput in-cell RNA structure probing shows that p47 expression is attributed to PERK kinase-dependent structural alterations in the human p53 mRNA, independently of eIF2α. These structural changes do not take place in murine p53 mRNA. Surprisingly, PERK response elements required for the p47 expression are located downstream of the 2nd AUG. The data show that the human p53 mRNA has evolved to respond to PERK-mediated regulation of mRNA structures in order to control p47 expression. The findings highlight how p53 mRNA co-evolved with the function of the encoded protein to specify p53-activities under different cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Fusée
- Inserm U1131, 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Norman Salomao
- Inserm U1131, 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | | | - Lixiao Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, 90185, Umea, Sweden
| | - Ignacio López
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sa Chen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, 90185, Umea, Sweden
| | - Xiaolian Gu
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, 90185, Umea, Sweden
| | - Stavros Polyzoidis
- Department of Neurosurgery, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Robin Fahraeus
- Inserm U1131, 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France. .,Department of Medical Biosciences, Umea University, 90185, Umea, Sweden. .,RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 65653, Brno, Czech Republic.
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7
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Maggi F, Morelli MB, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Nabissi M, Polidori C, Santoni G, Amantini C. Calcium influx, oxidative stress, and apoptosis induced by TRPV1 in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: Synergistic effects with imatinib. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1129202. [PMID: 36876044 PMCID: PMC9975599 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1129202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Calcium flux is the master second messenger that influences the proliferation-apoptosis balance. The ability of calcium flux alterations to reduce cell growth makes ion channels interesting targets for therapy. Among all, we focused on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, a ligand-gated cation channel with selectivity for calcium. Its involvement in hematological malignancies is poorly investigated, especially in the field of chronic myeloid leukemia, a malignancy characterized by the accumulation of immature cells. Methods: FACS analysis, Western blot analysis, gene silencing, and cell viability assay were performed to investigate the activation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, by N-oleoyl-dopamine, in chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines. Results: We demonstrated that the triggering of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 inhibits cell growth and promotes apoptosis of chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Its activation induced calcium influx, oxidative stress, ER stress, mitochondria dysfunction, and caspase activation. Interestingly, a synergistic effect exerted by N-oleoyl-dopamine and the standard drug imatinib was found. Conclusion: Overall, our results support that transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation could be a promising strategy to enhance conventional therapy and improve the management of chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maggi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Polidori
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Transcriptome analysis of HEK 293T cells revealed different significance of the depletion of DNA-dependent protein kinase subunits, Ku70, Ku80, and DNA-PKcs. Biochimie 2022; 199:139-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Arena A, Gilardini Montani MS, Romeo MA, Benedetti R, Gaeta A, Cirone M. DNA damage triggers an interplay between wtp53 and c-Myc affecting lymphoma cell proliferation and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus replication. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1869:119168. [PMID: 34728235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The induction of DNA damage together with the interference with DNA repair represents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Here we show that the PARP-1/2/3 inhibitor AZD2461 in combination with the CHK1 inhibitor UCN-01 altered the DNA damage response and reduced cell proliferation in PEL cells, an aggressive B cell lymphoma highly resistant to chemotherapies. AZD2461/UCN-01 combination activated p53/p21 and downregulated c-Myc in these cells, leading to a reduced expression level of RAD51, molecule involved in DNA repair. The effect of AZD2461/UCN-01 on c-Myc and p53/p21 was inter-dependent and, besides impairing cell proliferation, contributed to the activation of the replicative cycle of KSHV, carried in a latent state in PEL cells. Finally, we found that the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of p21 counteracted the viral lytic cycle activation and further reduced PEL cell proliferation, suggesting that it could induce a double beneficial effect in this setting. This study unveils that, therapeutic approaches, based on the induction of DNA damage and the reduction of DNA repair, could be used to successfully treat this malignant lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Arena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Saveria Gilardini Montani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anele Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Benedetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Aurelia Gaeta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy..
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10
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Wang CC. Metabolic Stress Adaptations Underlie Mammary Gland Morphogenesis and Breast Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:2641. [PMID: 34685621 PMCID: PMC8534177 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers display dynamic reprogrammed metabolic activities as cancers develop from premalignant lesions to primary tumors, and then metastasize. Numerous advances focus on how tumors develop pro-proliferative metabolic signaling that differs them from adjacent, non-transformed epithelial tissues. This leads to targetable oncogene-driven liabilities among breast cancer subtypes. Other advances demonstrate how microenvironments trigger stress-response at single-cell resolution. Microenvironmental heterogeneities give rise to cell regulatory states in cancer cell spheroids in three-dimensional cultures and at stratified terminal end buds during mammary gland morphogenesis, where stress and survival signaling juxtapose. The cell-state specificity in stress signaling networks recapture metabolic evolution during cancer progression. Understanding lineage-specific metabolic phenotypes in experimental models is useful for gaining a deeper understanding of subtype-selective breast cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; ; Tel.: +886-3-516-2589
- Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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11
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Sun L, Morikawa K, Sogo Y, Sugiura Y. MHY1485 enhances X-irradiation-induced apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:782-792. [PMID: 34265852 PMCID: PMC8438247 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrab057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a sensor of nutrient status and plays an important role in cell growth and metabolism. Although inhibition of mTOR signaling promotes tumor cell death and several mTOR inhibitors have been used clinically, recent reports have shown that co-treatment with MHY1485, an mTOR activator, enhances the anti-cancer effects of anti-PD-1 antibody and 5-fluorouracil. However, it remains unclear whether MHY1485 treatment alters the effects of radiation on tumor cells. In this study, the radiosensitizing effects of MHY1485 were investigated using murine CT26 and LLC cell lines. We examined mTOR signaling, tumor cell growth, colony formation, apoptosis, senescence, oxidative stress, p21 accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels in cells treated with MHY1485 and radiation, either alone or together. We found that MHY1485 treatment inhibited growth and colony formation in both cell lines under irradiation and no-irradiation conditions, results that were not fully consistent with MHY1485's known role in activating mTOR signaling. Furthermore, we found that combined treatment with MHY1485 and radiation significantly increased apoptosis and senescence in tumor cells in association with oxidative stress, ER stress and p21 stabilization, compared to radiation treatment alone. Our results suggested that MHY1485 enhances the radiosensitivity of tumor cells by a mechanism that may differ from MHY1485's role in mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lue Sun
- Corresponding author. Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan. Tel: +81-29-849-1564; Fax: +81-29-861-6149; E-mail:
| | - Kumi Morikawa
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yu Sogo
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yuki Sugiura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0895, Japan
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12
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The Δ40p53 isoform inhibits p53-dependent eRNA transcription and enables regulation by signal-specific transcription factors during p53 activation. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001364. [PMID: 34351910 PMCID: PMC8370613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring Δ40p53 isoform heterotetramerizes with wild-type p53 (WTp53) to regulate development, aging, and stress responses. How Δ40p53 alters WTp53 function remains enigmatic because their co-expression causes tetramer heterogeneity. We circumvented this issue with a well-tested strategy that expressed Δ40p53:WTp53 as a single transcript, ensuring a 2:2 tetramer stoichiometry. Human MCF10A cell lines expressing Δ40p53:WTp53, WTp53, or WTp53:WTp53 (as controls) from the native TP53 locus were examined with transcriptomics (precision nuclear run-on sequencing [PRO-seq] and RNA sequencing [RNA-seq]), metabolomics, and other methods. Δ40p53:WTp53 was transcriptionally active, and, although phenotypically similar to WTp53 under normal conditions, it failed to induce growth arrest upon Nutlin-induced p53 activation. This occurred via Δ40p53:WTp53-dependent inhibition of enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcription and subsequent failure to induce mRNA biogenesis, despite similar genomic occupancy to WTp53. A different stimulus (5-fluorouracil [5FU]) also showed Δ40p53:WTp53-specific changes in mRNA induction; however, other transcription factors (TFs; e.g., E2F2) could then drive the response, yielding similar outcomes vs. WTp53. Our results establish that Δ40p53 tempers WTp53 function to enable compensatory responses by other stimulus-specific TFs. Such modulation of WTp53 activity may be an essential physiological function for Δ40p53. Moreover, Δ40p53:WTp53 functional distinctions uncovered herein suggest an eRNA requirement for mRNA biogenesis and that human p53 evolved as a tetramer to support eRNA transcription. How does Δ40p53, a naturally occurring isoform of p53 that is linked to accelerated aging, alter WTp53 function? Using an innovative approach, this study reveals that Δ40p53 suppresses enhancer RNA transcription and allows other stimulus-specific transcription factors to modulate the p53 transcriptional response.
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13
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PB01 suppresses radio-resistance by regulating ATR signaling in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12093. [PMID: 34103635 PMCID: PMC8187425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the common usage of radiotherapy for the treatment of human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), cancer therapeutic efficacy and outcome with ionizing radiation remains a challenge. Here, we report the antitumor effects and mechanism of a novel benzothiazole derivative PB01 (4-methoxy-cyclohexane carboxylic acid [2-(3,5-dimethyl-isoxazole-4-yl) sulpanil-benzothiazole-6-yl]-amide) in radiation-resistant human NSCLC cells. PB01 treatment is cytotoxic because it induces reactive oxygen species, ER stress, Bax, cytochrome c expression, the ATR-p53-GADD45ɑ axis, and cleavage of caspase-3 and -9. Additionally, we found that radio-resistant A549 and H460 subclones, named A549R and H460R, respectively, show enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereas PB01 treatment inhibits EMT and mediates cell death through ER stress and the ATR axis under radiation exposure in radio-resistant A549R and H460R cells. Together, these results suggest that PB01 treatment can overcome radio-resistance during radiotherapy of NSCLC.
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14
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Salomao N, Karakostis K, Hupp T, Vollrath F, Vojtesek B, Fahraeus R. What do we need to know and understand about p53 to improve its clinical value? J Pathol 2021; 254:443-453. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norman Salomao
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis Paris France
| | - Konstantinos Karakostis
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis Paris France
| | - Ted Hupp
- University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science Gdansk Poland
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine Edinburgh UK
| | - Friz Vollrath
- Department of Zoology, Zoology Research and Administration Building University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | | | - Robin Fahraeus
- Inserm UMRS1131, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis Paris France
- University of Gdansk, International Centre for Cancer Vaccine Science Gdansk Poland
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences Building 6M, Umeå University Umeå Sweden
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15
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Kim J, Lee S, Kim H, Lee H, Seong KM, Youn H, Youn B. Autophagic Organelles in DNA Damage Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668735. [PMID: 33912571 PMCID: PMC8072393 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an important subcellular event engaged in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis via the degradation of cargo proteins and malfunctioning organelles. In response to cellular stresses, like nutrient deprivation, infection, and DNA damaging agents, autophagy is activated to reduce the damage and restore cellular homeostasis. One of the responses to cellular stresses is the DNA damage response (DDR), the intracellular pathway that senses and repairs damaged DNA. Proper regulation of these pathways is crucial for preventing diseases. The involvement of autophagy in the repair and elimination of DNA aberrations is essential for cell survival and recovery to normal conditions, highlighting the importance of autophagy in the resolution of cell fate. In this review, we summarized the latest information about autophagic recycling of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ribosomes (called mitophagy, ER-phagy, and ribophagy, respectively) in response to DNA damage. In addition, we have described the key events necessary for a comprehensive understanding of autophagy signaling networks. Finally, we have highlighted the importance of the autophagy activated by DDR and appropriate regulation of autophagic organelles, suggesting insights for future studies. Especially, DDR from DNA damaging agents including ionizing radiation (IR) or anti-cancer drugs, induces damage to subcellular organelles and autophagy is the key mechanism for removing impaired organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongha Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Haksoo Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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16
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Kossl J, Bohacova P, Hermankova B, Javorkova E, Zajicova A, Holan V. Antiapoptotic Properties of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Corneal Inflammation. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:418-427. [PMID: 33607933 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a population of adult stem cells that have potent immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. In addition, they have ability to migrate to the site of inflammation or injury, where they contribute to the regeneration and healing process. For these properties, MSCs have been used as therapeutic cells in several models, including treatment of damages or disorders of the ocular surface. If the damage of the ocular surface is extensive and involves a limbal region where limbal stem cell reside, MSC therapy has been proved as the effective treatment approach. Although the anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs have been well characterized, mechanisms of antiapoptotic action of MSCs are not well recognized. Using a chemically damaged cornea in a mouse model, we showed that the injury decreases expression of the gene for antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and increases the expression of proapoptotic genes Bax and p53. These changes were attenuated by local transplantation of MSCs after corneal damage. The antiapoptotic effect of MSCs was tested in an in vitro model of co-cultivation of corneal explants with MSCs. The apoptosis of corneal cells in the explants was induced by proinflammatory cytokines and was significantly inhibited in the presence of MSCs. The antiapoptotic effect of MSCs was mediated by paracrine action, as confirmed by separation of the explants in inserts or by supernatants from MSCs. In addition, MSCs decreased the expression of genes for the molecules associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress Atf4, Bip, and p21, which are associated with apoptosis. The results show that MSCs inhibit the expression of proapoptotic genes and decrease the number of apoptotic cells in the damaged corneas, and this action might be one of the mechanisms of the therapeutic action of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kossl
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Bohacova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Hermankova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Javorkova
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zajicova
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Holan
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Nanotoxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Araújo de Melo Campos JT, Dantas de Medeiros JL, Cardoso de Melo ME, Alvares da Silva M, Oliveira de Sena M, Sales Craveiro Sarmento A, Fassarella Agnez Lima L, de Freitas Fregonezi GA, Gomes Lima J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and muscle dysfunction in congenital lipodystrophies. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166120. [PMID: 33713793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are a group of rare diseases related to the pathological impairment of adipose tissue and metabolic comorbidities, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, insulin resistance, hypoleptinemia, and hypoadiponectinemia. They can be categorized as partial or generalized according to the degree of fat loss, and inherited or acquired disorders, if they are associated with genetic mutations or are related to autoimmunity, respectively. Some types of lipodystrophies have been associated with changes in both redox and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis as well as muscle dysfunction (MD). Although ER stress (ERS) has been related to muscle dysfunction (MD) in many diseases, there is no data concerning its role in lipodystrophies' muscle physiopathology. Here we focused on congenital lipodystrophies associated with ERS and MD. We also described recent advances in our understanding of the relationships among ERS, MD, and genetic lipodystrophies, highlighting the adiponectin-protective roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julliane Tamara Araújo de Melo Campos
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Luiz Dantas de Medeiros
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria Eduarda Cardoso de Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Monique Alvares da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Matheus Oliveira de Sena
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aquiles Sales Craveiro Sarmento
- Unidade de Laboratório de Análises Clínicas e Anatomia Patológica, Hospital Universitário de Lagarto (HUL)/UFS, Lagarto, SE, Brazil
| | - Lucymara Fassarella Agnez Lima
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Genômica, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Genética, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Augusto de Freitas Fregonezi
- PneumoCardioVascular Lab/HUOL, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes, Empresa Brasileira de Serviços Hospitalares and Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica em Reabilitação, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Josivan Gomes Lima
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL)/UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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18
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Zhou D, Borsa M, Simon AK. Hallmarks and detection techniques of cellular senescence and cellular ageing in immune cells. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13316. [PMID: 33524238 PMCID: PMC7884036 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ageing of the global population brings about unprecedented challenges. Chronic age-related diseases in an increasing number of people represent an enormous burden for health and social care. The immune system deteriorates during ageing and contributes to many of these age-associated diseases due to its pivotal role in pathogen clearance, tissue homeostasis and maintenance. Moreover, in order to develop treatments for COVID-19, we urgently need to acquire more knowledge about the aged immune system, as older adults are disproportionally and more severely affected. Changes with age lead to impaired responses to infections, malignancies and vaccination, and are accompanied by chronic, low-degree inflammation, which together is termed immunosenescence. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie immunosenescence, termed immune cell senescence, are mostly unknown. Cellular senescence, characterised by an irreversible cell cycle arrest, is thought to be the cause of tissue and organismal ageing. Thus, better understanding of cellular senescence in immune populations at single-cell level may provide us with insight into how immune cell senescence develops over the life time of an individual. In this review, we will briefly introduce the phenotypic characterisation of aged innate and adaptive immune cells, which also contributes to overall immunosenescence, including subsets and function. Next, we will focus on the different hallmarks of cellular senescence and cellular ageing, and the detection techniques most suitable for immune cells. Applying these techniques will deepen our understanding of immune cell senescence and to discover potential druggable pathways, which can be modulated to reverse immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingxi Zhou
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mariana Borsa
- The Kennedy Institute of RheumatologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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19
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When Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis Meets the DNA Damage Response. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:881-891. [PMID: 33036871 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sustaining both proteome and genome integrity (GI) requires the integration of a wide range of mechanisms and signaling pathways. These comprise, in particular, the unfolded protein response (UPR) and the DNA damage response (DDR). These adaptive mechanisms take place respectively in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and in the nucleus. UPR and DDR alterations are associated with aging and with pathologies such as degenerative diseases, metabolic and inflammatory disorders, and cancer. We discuss the emerging signaling crosstalk between UPR stress sensors and the DDR, as well as their involvement in cancer biology.
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20
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DNA Damage Response and Metabolic Reprogramming in Health and Disease. Trends Genet 2020; 36:777-791. [PMID: 32684438 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear DNA damage contributes to cellular malfunction and the premature onset of age-related diseases, including cancer. Until recently, the canonical DNA damage response (DDR) was thought to represent a collection of nuclear processes that detect, signal and repair damaged DNA. However, recent evidence suggests that beyond nuclear events, the DDR rewires an intricate network of metabolic circuits, fine-tunes protein synthesis, trafficking, and secretion as well as balances growth with defense strategies in response to genotoxic insults. In this review, we discuss how the active DDR signaling mobilizes extranuclear and systemic responses to promote cellular homeostasis and organismal survival in health and disease.
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21
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Swiatkowska A, Dutkiewicz M, Machtel P, Janecki DM, Kabacinska M, Żydowicz-Machtel P, Ciesiołka J. Regulation of the p53 expression profile by hnRNP K under stress conditions. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1402-1415. [PMID: 32449427 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1771944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is one of the transcription factors responsible for cell cycle regulation and prevention of cancer development. Its expression is regulated at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels. Recent years of research have shown that the 5' terminus of p53 mRNA plays an important role in this regulation. This region seems to be a docking platform for proteins involved in p53 expression, particularly under stress conditions. Here, we applied RNA-centric affinity chromatography to search for proteins that bind to the 5' terminus of p53 mRNA and thus may be able to regulate the p53 expression profile. We found heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, hnRNP K, to be one of the top candidates. Binding of hnRNP K to the 5'-terminal region of p53 mRNA was confirmed in vitro. We demonstrated that changes in the hnRNP K level in the cell strongly affected the p53 expression profile under various stress conditions. Downregulation or overexpression of hnRNP K caused a decrease or an increase in the p53 mRNA amount, respectively, pointing to the transcriptional mode of expression regulation. However, when hnRNP K was overexpressed under endoplasmic reticulum stress and the p53 amount has elevated no changes in the p53 mRNA level were detected suggesting translational regulation of p53 expression. Our findings have shown that hnRNP K is not only a mutual partner of p53 in the transcriptional activation of target genes under stress conditions but it also acts as a regulator of p53 expression at the transcriptional and potentially translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Swiatkowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariola Dutkiewicz
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan, Poland
| | - Piotr Machtel
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan, Poland
| | - Damian M Janecki
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan, Poland
| | - Martyna Kabacinska
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Jerzy Ciesiołka
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan, Poland
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22
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miR193b Promotes Apoptosis of Gastric Cancer Cells via Directly Mediating the Akt Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2863236. [PMID: 32596290 PMCID: PMC7273449 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2863236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in tumor initiation, proliferation, and metastasis of gastric cancer. miR193b has been identified as a tumor suppressor in a variety of tumor types; however, its role in gastric cancer is yet to be determined. Here, we found a significant downregulation of miR193b expression in both human gastric cancer tissues (p < 0.05) and human gastric cancer cell lines (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the expression level of miR193b correlated with the tumor type, tumor size, and clinical stage (p < 0.05). In vitro, miR193b overexpression inhibited cell survival and induced apoptosis in GC cell lines, indicating that miR193b plays a role in the development of gastric cancer. KRAS was verified as the target of miR193b, and KRAS overexpression attenuated miR193b-induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). Moreover, we found that the Akt pathway negatively regulated miR193b, also affecting apoptosis. Further analyses indicated that PIK3CA mutation and KRAS amplification are two mutually exclusive pathways (p < 0.01), and we hypothesize that both two pathways could result in the carcinogenic overactivation of KRAS. Thus, our results suggest that the Akt-miR193b-KRAS axis may act as a mechanism affecting apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
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23
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Hamczyk MR, Villa-Bellosta R, Quesada V, Gonzalo P, Vidak S, Nevado RM, Andrés-Manzano MJ, Misteli T, López-Otín C, Andrés V. Progerin accelerates atherosclerosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 11:emmm.201809736. [PMID: 30862662 PMCID: PMC6460349 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201809736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by progerin, a mutant lamin A variant. HGPS patients display accelerated aging and die prematurely, typically from atherosclerosis complications. Recently, we demonstrated that progerin‐driven vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) loss accelerates atherosclerosis leading to premature death in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process remains unknown. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identify here endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) and the unfolded protein responses as drivers of VSMC death in two mouse models of HGPS exhibiting ubiquitous and VSMC‐specific progerin expression. This stress pathway was also activated in HGPS patient‐derived cells. Targeting ER stress response with a chemical chaperone delayed medial VSMC loss and inhibited atherosclerosis in both progeria models, and extended lifespan in the VSMC‐specific model. Our results identify a mechanism underlying cardiovascular disease in HGPS that could be targeted in patients. Moreover, these findings may help to understand other vascular diseases associated with VSMC death, and provide insight into aging‐dependent vascular damage related to accumulation of unprocessed toxic forms of lamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ricardo Villa-Bellosta
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (FIIS-FJD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Vidak
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Andrés-Manzano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Tom Misteli
- Cell Biology of Genomes Group, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
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24
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Du X, Shen X, Dai L, Bi F, Zhang H, Lu C. PSMD12 promotes breast cancer growth via inhibiting the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:368-374. [PMID: 32222279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, is extremely heterogeneous. For effective and precise treatment and to cope with drug resistance in BC, we need to find more therapeutic molecular targets. In this study, we found that the Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase 12 (PSMD12) was upregulated in BC samples, its expression was heterogeneous among different cell lines, and high levels of PSMD12 were related to poor prognosis of BC patients. Notably, the expression of PSMD12 increased in the nucleus. Cytological experiments revealed that PSMD12 knockdown inhibited cell growth and migration, and a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout (GeCKO) screen also confirmed that PSMD12 is a crucial gene for the growth of BC cells. Flow cytometry showed that cell apoptosis increased in the PSMD12 knockdown, and RNA-seq indicated that the apoptosis pathway was activated, and the TXNIP, GADD45A, GADD45B, RHOB, and CDKN1A pro-apoptotic genes were highly expressed, a result that was validated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Furthermore, restoration of PSMD12 expression decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes. A tumor-bearing mice assay demonstrated that BC growth was arrested by reduced PSMD12 levels in vivo. Taken together, PSMD12, a subunit of 19S regulator of 26S proteasome, was identified as a potential prognostic and therapeutic molecular target for BC, which provides a new insight for developing anticancer drugs that promote apoptosis based on the targeting of the 26S proteasome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinna Du
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China; Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, PR China
| | - Xuan Shen
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, PR China
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, PR China
| | - Fangjie Bi
- Department of Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224005, PR China.
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China; School of Medicine, Huzhou University, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, PR China.
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25
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Fusée LTS, Marín M, Fåhraeus R, López I. Alternative Mechanisms of p53 Action During the Unfolded Protein Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020401. [PMID: 32050651 PMCID: PMC7072472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 orchestrates cellular responses to a vast number of stresses, with DNA damage and oncogenic activation being some of the best described. The capacity of p53 to control cellular events such as cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis, to mention some, has been mostly linked to its role as a transcription factor. However, how p53 integrates different signaling cascades to promote a particular pathway remains an open question. One way to broaden its capacity to respond to different stimuli is by the expression of isoforms that can modulate the activities of the full-length protein. One of these isoforms is p47 (p53/47, Δ40p53, p53ΔN40), an alternative translation initiation variant whose expression is specifically induced by the PERK kinase during the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) following Endoplasmic Reticulum stress. Despite the increasing knowledge on the p53 pathway, its activity when the translation machinery is globally suppressed during the UPR remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the expression of p47 and we propose that the alternative initiation of p53 mRNA translation offers a unique condition-dependent mechanism to differentiate p53 activity to control cell homeostasis during the UPR. We also discuss how the manipulation of these processes may influence cancer cell physiology in light of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica Marín
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- INSERM U1162, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
- ICCVS, University of Gdańsk, Science, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ignacio López
- Biochemistry-Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-25252095
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26
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Lee D, Hokinson D, Park S, Elvira R, Kusuma F, Lee JM, Yun M, Lee SG, Han J. ER Stress Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase Through eIF2α Phosphorylation and GADD45α. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6309. [PMID: 31847234 PMCID: PMC6940793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to influence various cellular functions, including cell cycle progression. Although it is well known how ER stress inhibits cell cycle progression at the G1 phase, the molecular mechanism underlying how ER stress induces G2/M cell cycle arrest remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that ER stress and subsequent induction of the UPR led to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by reducing the amount of cyclin B1. Pharmacological inhibition of the IRE1α or ATF6α signaling did not affect ER stress-induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. However, when the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation was genetically abrogated, the cell cycle progressed without arresting at the G2/M phase after ER stress. GEO database analysis showed that growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein α (Gadd45α) were induced in an eIF2a phosphorylation-dependent manner, which was confirmed in this study. Knockdown of GADD45α abrogated cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase upon ER stress. Finally, the cell death caused by ER stress significantly reduced when GADD45α expression was knocked down. In conclusion, GADD45α is a key mediator of ER stress-induced growth arrest via regulation of the G2/M transition and cell death through the eIF2α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duckgue Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Daniel Hokinson
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Soyoung Park
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Rosalie Elvira
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Fedho Kusuma
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
| | - Miyong Yun
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science & Technology, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, and Bionanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee Univerisity, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jaeseok Han
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea; (D.L.); (D.H.); (S.P.); (R.E.); (F.K.); (J.-M.L.)
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27
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Schulien I, Hockenjos B, van Marck V, Ayata CK, Follo M, Thimme R, Hasselblatt P. Extracellular ATP and Purinergic P2Y 2 Receptor Signaling Promote Liver Tumorigenesis in Mice by Exacerbating DNA Damage. Cancer Res 2019; 80:699-708. [PMID: 31822494 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Release of ATP to the extracellular compartment and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors is a conserved mechanism mediating inflammatory responses and cell fate decisions in various organs including the liver. Previous findings suggest that extracellular ATP may promote liver tumorigenesis, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, our aim was to dissect the functions of extracellular ATP and P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2R) during hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver tumors were induced in wild-type and P2y2r -/- knockout mice by intraperitoneal diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection. Tumorigenesis was analyzed after 8 to 10 months and molecular analyses were performed at different stages of tumorigenesis in vivo, as well as in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro. Liver tumor incidence and tumor numbers were strongly reduced in P2y2r -/- mice, whereas tumor size and morphology were comparable to wild-type controls, suggesting that P2Y2R contributes to tumor initiation. Mechanistically, hepatocyte proliferation in DEN-treated P2y2r -/- mice was reduced, which correlated with reduced c-JUN and CCND1 but increased p21 expression. Moreover, DNA damage as determined by hepatocellular expression of γH2A.X and of genes related to genotoxic stress, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation, was reduced in the absence of P2y2r. Administration of genotoxic agents to primary hepatocytes in vitro confirmed that DNA damage was indeed exacerbated by extracellular ATP, subsequent P2Y2R activation, and downstream intracellular calcium-dependent signal transduction. In conclusion, our data reveal that extracellular ATP and subsequent P2Y2R function stimulate DNA damage responses and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting this pathway may be an attractive approach for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular ATP and subsequent P2Y2 receptor function stimulate DNA damage responses and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Targeting this pathway may be an attractive approach for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/4/699/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schulien
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hockenjos
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veerle van Marck
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Korcan Ayata
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Min F, Chu G. Retracted
: Long noncoding RNA PCAT‐1 knockdown prevents the development of ovarian cancer cells via microRNA‐124‐3p. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:1963-1972. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Min
- Department of Gynecology Jining No. 1 People's Hospital Jining Shandong China
| | - Guoyan Chu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital Dongying Shandong China
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29
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Haronikova L, Olivares-Illana V, Wang L, Karakostis K, Chen S, Fåhraeus R. The p53 mRNA: an integral part of the cellular stress response. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:3257-3271. [PMID: 30828720 PMCID: PMC6468297 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of signalling pathways converge on p53 to induce different cellular stress responses that aim to promote cell cycle arrest and repair or, if the damage is too severe, to induce irreversible senescence or apoptosis. The differentiation of p53 activity towards specific cellular outcomes is tightly regulated via a hierarchical order of post-translational modifications and regulated protein-protein interactions. The mechanisms governing these processes provide a model for how cells optimize the genetic information for maximal diversity. The p53 mRNA also plays a role in this process and this review aims to illustrate how protein and RNA interactions throughout the p53 mRNA in response to different signalling pathways control RNA stability, translation efficiency or alternative initiation of translation. We also describe how a p53 mRNA platform shows riboswitch-like features and controls the rate of p53 synthesis, protein stability and modifications of the nascent p53 protein. A single cancer-derived synonymous mutation disrupts the folding of this platform and prevents p53 activation following DNA damage. The role of the p53 mRNA as a target for signalling pathways illustrates how mRNA sequences have co-evolved with the function of the encoded protein and sheds new light on the information hidden within mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Haronikova
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vanesa Olivares-Illana
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Biomoleculares y cáncer. Instituto de Física Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Manuel Nava 6, Zona universitaria, 78290 SLP, México
| | - Lixiao Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Sa Chen
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, 90185 Umeå, Sweden.,Inserm U1162, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, 75010 Paris, France.,ICCVS, University of Gdańsk, Science, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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30
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Swanner J, Fahrenholtz CD, Tenvooren I, Bernish BW, Sears JJ, Hooker A, Furdui CM, Alli E, Li W, Donati GL, Cook KL, Vidi P, Singh R. Silver nanoparticles selectively treat triple-negative breast cancer cells without affecting non-malignant breast epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:639-660. [PMID: 32123812 PMCID: PMC6996381 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show promise for treatment of aggressive cancers including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in preclinical cancer models. For clinical development of AgNP-based therapeutics, it will be necessary to clearly define the specific physicochemical features of the nanoparticles that will be used, and to tie these properties to biological outcomes. To fill this knowledge gap, we performed thorough structure/function, mechanistic, safety, and efficacy studies to assess the potential for AgNPs to treat TNBC. We establish that AgNPs, regardless of size, shape, or stabilizing agent, are highly cytotoxic to TNBC cells at doses that are not cytotoxic to non-malignant breast epithelial cells. In contrast, TNBC cells and non-malignant breast epithelial cells are similarly sensitive to exposure to silver cation (Ag+), indicating that the nanoparticle formulation is essential for the TNBC-specific cytotoxicity. Mechanistically, AgNPs are internalized by both TNBC and non-malignant breast cells, but are rapidly degraded only in TNBC cells. Exposure to AgNPs depletes cellular antioxidants and causes endoplasmic reticulum stress in TNBC cells without causing similar damage in non-malignant breast epithelial cells. AgNPs also cause extensive DNA damage in 3D TNBC tumor nodules in vitro, but do not disrupt the normal architecture of breast acini in 3D cell culture, nor cause DNA damage or induce apoptosis in these structures. Lastly, we show that systemically administered AgNPs are effective at non-toxic doses for reducing the growth of TNBC tumor xenografts in mice. This work provides a rationale for development of AgNPs as a safe and specific TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Swanner
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Cale D. Fahrenholtz
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Iliana Tenvooren
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - Brian W. Bernish
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | - James J. Sears
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
| | | | - Cristina M. Furdui
- Department of Internal MedicineSection on Molecular MedicineWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Elizabeth Alli
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of PathologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | | | - Katherine L. Cook
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
- Department of SurgeryWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Pierre‐Alexandre Vidi
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer BiologyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston SalemNCUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest Baptist Medical CenterWinston‐SalemNCUSA
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31
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Soto-Gamez A, Quax WJ, Demaria M. Regulation of Survival Networks in Senescent Cells: From Mechanisms to Interventions. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2629-2643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Szpotkowska J, Swiatkowska A, Ciesiołka J. Length and secondary structure of the 5' non-coding regions of mouse p53 mRNA transcripts - mouse as a model organism for p53 gene expression studies. RNA Biol 2018; 16:25-41. [PMID: 30518296 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1556084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription initiation sites of Trp53 gene in mice were determined using the 5'RACE method. Based on sequence alignment of the 5'-terminal regions of p53 mRNA in mammals, the site for the most abundant transcript turned out to be essentially identical with that determined for human TP53 gene and slightly differed for the longest transcripts, in mice and humans. Secondary structures of the 5' -terminal regions of the shorter, most abundant and the longest mouse transcripts were determined in vitro and the shorter transcript was also mapped in transfected mouse cells. For the first time, secondary structure models of the 5' terminus of two mouse p53 mRNAs were proposed. Comparing these models with the conservativeness of the nucleotide sequence of the 5'-terminal region of mRNA in mouse and other mammals, the possible function of the selected structural domains of this region was discussed. To elucidate the translation mechanisms, the two studied mRNAs were translated in the presence of an increasing concentration of the cap analog. For the longest transcript, the data suggested that IRES element(s) was/were involved in translation initiation. Additionally, changes in p53 synthesis under genotoxic and endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions in mouse cells were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szpotkowska
- a Polish Academy of Sciences , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan , Poland
| | - Agata Swiatkowska
- a Polish Academy of Sciences , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan , Poland
| | - Jerzy Ciesiołka
- a Polish Academy of Sciences , Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry , Poznan , Poland
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33
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Al-Hrout A, Chaiboonchoe A, Khraiwesh B, Murali C, Baig B, El-Awady R, Tarazi H, Alzahmi A, Nelson DR, Greish YE, Ramadan W, Salehi-Ashtiani K, Amin A. Safranal induces DNA double-strand breakage and ER-stress-mediated cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16951. [PMID: 30446676 PMCID: PMC6240095 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor prognoses remain the most challenging aspect of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Consequently, alternative therapeutics are essential to control HCC. This study investigated the anticancer effects of safranal against HCC using in vitro, in silico, and network analyses. Cell cycle and immunoblot analyses of key regulators of cell cycle, DNA damage repair and apoptosis demonstrated unique safranal-mediated cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase at 6 and 12 h, and at S-phase at 24 h, and a pronounced effect on DNA damage machinery. Safranal also showed pro-apoptotic effect through activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic initiator caspases; indicating ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Gene set enrichment analysis provided consistent findings where UPR is among the top terms of up-regulated genes in response to safranal treatment. Thus, proteins involved in ER stress were regulated through safranal treatment to induce UPR in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Al-Hrout
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Amphun Chaiboonchoe
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Basel Khraiwesh
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Chandraprabha Murali
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Badriya Baig
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Amnah Alzahmi
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - David R Nelson
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Wafaa Ramadan
- College of Pharmacy and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani
- Laboratory of Algal, Synthetic, and Systems Biology, Division of Science and Math, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology (CGSB), Division of Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, UAE.
- Zoology Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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34
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Campestrini J, Silveira DB, Pinto AR. HIV-1 Tat-induced bystander apoptosis in Jurkat cells involves unfolded protein responses. Cell Biochem Funct 2018; 36:377-386. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Campestrini
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Douglas Bardini Silveira
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Aguinaldo Roberto Pinto
- Laboratório de Imunologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Florianópolis SC Brazil
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35
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DNA damage triggers tubular endoplasmic reticulum extension to promote apoptosis by facilitating ER-mitochondria signaling. Cell Res 2018; 28:833-854. [PMID: 30030520 PMCID: PMC6063967 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is composed of the nuclear envelope, perinuclear sheets and a peripheral tubular network. The peripheral ER and mitochondria form tight contacts at specific subdomains, which coordinate the functions of the two organelles and are required for multiple cellular processes such as Ca2+ transfer and apoptosis. However, it is largely unknown how ER morphology and ER-mitochondria signaling are dynamically regulated under different physiological or pathological conditions such as DNA damage. Here we show that the peripheral, tubular ER undergoes significant extension in response to DNA damage, and that this process is dependent on p53-mediated transcriptional activation of the ER-shaping proteins REEP1, REEP2 and EI24 (alias PIG8). This promotes the formation of ER-mitochondria contacts through EI24 and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein VDAC2, facilitates Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria and promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Thus, we identify a unique DNA damage response pathway involving alterations in ER morphology, ER-mitochondria signaling, and apoptosis.
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36
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Liu Z, Liu H, Yuan X, Wang Y, Li L, Wang G, Song J, Shao Z, Fu R. Downregulation of Pim-2 induces cell cycle arrest in the G 0/G 1 phase via the p53-non-dependent p21 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541172 PMCID: PMC5835926 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pim-2 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is highly expressed in various types of cancer, with essential roles in the regulation of signal transduction cascades, which promote cell survival and proliferation. The present study demonstrated that Pim-2 was expressed in cells lines derived from hematopoietic tumors and lung cancer. In vitro, downregulation of Pim-2 by short interfering RNA inhibited proliferation and delayed G0/G1 cell cycle progression in K562 leukemia, RPMI-8226 multiple myeloma, and H1299 and A549 non-small cell lung carcinoma cell lines. Furthermore, downregulation of Pim-2 resulted in upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21, irrespective of the p53 status. In addition, the present study revealed that CDK2 and phosphorylated retinoblastoma (pRb) were significantly downregulated. This finding suggested that inhibition of CDK2 and pRb expression via upregulated p21 was involved in the downregulation of Pim-2-induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in lung cancer and hematopoietic malignancy cells. These results suggested that Pim-2 may serve a role in hematopoietic tumors, lung cancer proliferation and cell cycle progression by regulating the p21 signaling pathway. Downregulation of Pim-2 decreased cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, Pim-2 may be a potential therapy target in clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Guojin Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Zonghong Shao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, Hebei 300052, P.R. China
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Inoue Y, Kawachi S, Ohkubo T, Nagasaka M, Ito S, Fukuura K, Itoh Y, Ohoka N, Morishita D, Hayashi H. The CDK inhibitor p21 is a novel target gene of ATF4 and contributes to cell survival under ER stress. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3682-3691. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences; Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Shiori Kawachi
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ohkubo
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Mai Nagasaka
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Keishi Fukuura
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Yuka Itoh
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences; Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products; National Institute of Health Sciences; Tokyo Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences; Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nagoya City University; Japan
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38
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Ko MH, Hwang YS, Rim JS, Han HJ, Han JY. Avian blastoderm dormancy arrests cells in G
2
and suppresses apoptosis. FASEB J 2017; 31:3240-3250. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601051rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mee Hyun Ko
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Young Sun Hwang
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jong Seop Rim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Ho Jae Han
- Department of Veterinary PhysiologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Han
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul National University Seoul South Korea
- Institute for Biomedical SciencesShinshu University Minamiminowa Japan
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39
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Lu Y, Zhou X, Zeng Q, Liu D, Yue C. Differential expression profile analysis of DNA damage repair genes in CD133 +/CD133 - colorectal cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2359-2368. [PMID: 28789452 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined differential expression levels of DNA damage repair genes in COLO 205 colorectal cancer cells, with the aim of identifying novel biomarkers for the molecular diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. COLO 205-derived cell spheres were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with cell factors, and CD133+/CD133- cells were subsequently sorted using an indirect CD133 microbead kit. In vitro differentiation and tumorigenicity assays in BABA/c nude mice were performed to determine whether the CD133+ cells also possessed stem cell characteristics, in addition to the COLO 205 and CD133- cells. RNA sequencing was employed for the analysis of differential gene expression levels at the mRNA level, which was determined using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA expression levels of 43 genes varied in all three types of colon cancer cells (false discovery rate ≤0.05; fold change ≥2). Of these 43 genes, 30 were differentially expressed (8 upregulated and 22 downregulated) in the COLO 205 cells, as compared with the CD133- cells, and 6 genes (all downregulated) were differentially expressed in the COLO 205 cells, as compared with CD133+ cells. A total of 18 genes (10 upregulated and 8 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the CD133- cells, as compared with the CD133+ cells. By contrast, 6 genes were downregulated and none were upregulated in the CD133+ cells compared with the COLO 205 cells. These findings suggest that CD133+ cells may possess the same DNA repair capacity as COLO 205 cells. Heterogeneity in the expression profile of DNA damage repair genes was observed in COLO 205 cells, and COLO 205-derived CD133- cells and CD133+ cells may therefore provide a reference for molecular diagnosis, therapeutic target selection and determination of the treatment and prognosis for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Lu
- College of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Deparment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qingliang Zeng
- Deparment of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Daishun Liu
- Zunyi Key Laboratory of Genetic Diagnosis and Targeted Drug Therapy, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Changwu Yue
- Zunyi Key Laboratory of Genetic Diagnosis and Targeted Drug Therapy, The First People's Hospital of Zunyi, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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40
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Mihailidou C, Chatzistamou I, Papavassiliou AG, Kiaris H. Modulation of Pancreatic Islets' Function and Survival During Aging Involves the Differential Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by p21 and CHOP. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:185-200. [PMID: 27931122 PMCID: PMC5512329 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is recognized as a major mechanism causing pancreatic dysfunction in diabetes, little is known on how aging modulates the process. Here, we compared the response with ER stress, viability, and insulin release from pancreatic islets of young (6 weeks) or aged (14 months) mice. RESULTS Islets from aged mice were more sensitive to ER stress than their younger counterparts; they exhibited more pronounced unfolded protein response (UPR) and caspase activation and displayed compromised insulin release after high-glucose stimulation. Genetic ablation of p21 sensitized the islets to ER stress, especially in the aged group, whereas CHOP ablation was protective for islets from both aged and younger animals. Ciclopirox (CPX), an iron chelator that stimulates p21 expression, protected islets from glucotoxicity and mice from diet-induced diabetes, especially in the aged group in a manner that was both p21 and CHOP dependent. INNOVATION For the first time, the study shows that age-dependent susceptibility to diet-induced diabetes is associated with the activity of p21 and CHOP in pancreatic islets and that CPX protects islets from glucotoxicity and mice from diabetes in an age-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify ER stress as an age-dependent modifier of islet survival and function by mechanisms implicating enhancement of CHOP activity and inhibition of the protective activity of p21. These findings suggest that interventions restoring the homeostatic activity of ER stress, by agents such as CPX, may be particularly beneficial for the management of diabetes in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 185-200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantou Mihailidou
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioulia Chatzistamou
- 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine , Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- 1 Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Medical School, Athens, Greece .,3 Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina , Columbia, South Carolina
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41
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p53-mediated suppression of BiP triggers BIK-induced apoptosis during prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Death Differ 2017. [PMID: 28622297 PMCID: PMC5596431 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological conditions that affect the folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provoke ER stress and trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR aims to either restore the balance between newly synthesized and misfolded proteins or if the damage is severe, to trigger cell death. However, the molecular events underlying the switch between repair and cell death are not well understood. The ER-resident chaperone BiP governs the UPR by sensing misfolded proteins and thereby releasing and activating the three mediators of the UPR: PERK, IRE1 and ATF6. PERK promotes G2 cell cycle arrest and cellular repair by inducing the alternative translated p53 isoform p53ΔN40 (p53/47), which activates 14-3-3σ via suppression of p21CDKN1A. Here we show that prolonged ER stress promotes apoptosis via a p53-dependent inhibition of BiP expression. This leads to the release of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only BIK from BiP and activation of apoptosis. Suppression of bip mRNA translation is mediated via the specific binding of p53 to the first 346-nt of the bip mRNA and via a p53 trans-suppression domain located within the first seven N-terminal amino acids of p53ΔN40. This work shows how p53 targets BiP to promote apoptosis during severe ER stress and further illustrates how regulation of mRNA translation has a key role in p53-mediated regulation of gene expression during the UPR.
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42
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Zhou Z, Li Y, Yan X, Wang X, Yang C, Wei H, Yang X, Xiao J. Does rarity mean imparity? Biological characteristics of osteosarcoma cells originating from the spine. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1959-1969. [PMID: 28551767 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignancies in bones and is often found in limbs. Until now, it is not clear why osteosarcoma is rare in the spine. On the other hand, previous biological characteristics study about osteosarcoma of spine was also rare because of its low incidence. To explore the biology of spinal osteosarcoma, a stable osteosarcoma cell line derived from spine is necessary. METHODS A novel osteosarcoma cell line named NEO217 was established from spinal osteosarcoma tissues obtained from a Chinese male patient. We performed a series of experiments to investigate the biological properties of NEO217, including cell morphology, the kinetics of cell growth, biomarkers and tumorigenicity. RESULTS The cell line NEO217 was passaged in vitro for more than 50 generations. Ultramicroscopic structural features of these cells were consistent with the pleomorphism characteristic of cancer cells. The average cell doubling time was 26 h. The chromosomal morphology was that of a human karyotype, with the number of chromosomes more than 80. NEO217 cells and available osteosarcoma cell lines such as MG-63 and MNNG/HOS were all CD29+CD59+ phenotype as detected by flow cytometry. Inoculation of NEO217 cells to immunodeficient mice led to tumor formation. The biological and molecular properties of NEO217 cell line are not exactly the same as some human osteosarcoma cell lines derived from the extremities. CONCLUSION We have established a novel osteosarcoma cell line NEO217 derived from the spine, which will provide a useful model for biological or therapeutical studies of spinal osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 455th Hospital of PLA, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Haifeng Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xinghai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.415, Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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43
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Rasool RU, Nayak D, Chakraborty S, Faheem MM, Rah B, Mahajan P, Gopinath V, Katoch A, Iqra Z, Yousuf SK, Mukherjee D, Kumar LD, Nargotra A, Goswami A. AKT is indispensable for coordinating Par-4/JNK cross talk in p21 downmodulation during ER stress. Oncogenesis 2017; 6:e341. [PMID: 28530706 PMCID: PMC5523074 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The double-edged role of p21 to command survival and apoptosis is emerging. The current investigation highlights ER stress-mediated JNK activation that plausibly triggers cell death by attenuating endogenous p21 level. Here, we demonstrated that ER stress activator 3-AWA diminishes the p21 levels in cancer cells by averting the senescent phenotype to commence G2/M arrest. In essence, the deceleration in p21 level occurs through ER stress/JNK/Caspase-3 axis via activation/induction of proapoptotic Par-4 and inhibition of AKT. The molecular dynamics studies identified important interactions, which may be responsible for the AKT inhibition and efficacy of 3-AWA towards AKT binding pocket. Interestingly, the p21 deceleration was rescued by incubating the cells with 3-AWA in the presence of an ER stress inhibitor, Salubrinal. Furthermore, we demonstrated that p21 expression decreases solitarily in Par-4+/+ MEFs; albeit, ER stress-induced JNK activation was observed in both Par-4+/+ and Par-4−/− MEFs. Par-4 knockdown or overexpression studies established that ectopic Par-4 along with ER stress are not sufficient to downregulate p21 in PC-3 cells but are adequate for DU-145 cells and that the ER stress inflicted activation of JNK, inhibition of AKT and Par-4 induction are all crucial to p21 downmodulation by 3-AWA. By using isogenic cell lines, such as HCT-116 p53+/+ and HCT-116 p53−/−, we found that deceleration in p21 expression due to ER stress is p53 independent. Moreover, in orthotopic carcinogen-induced rat colorectal carcinoma model, we found that 3-AWA inhibits colorectal tumor growth and formation of colorectal polyps at a tolerable dose, similar to the first-line drug for colorectal cancer-5-fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Rasool
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - D Nayak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S Chakraborty
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - M M Faheem
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - B Rah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA
| | - P Mahajan
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - V Gopinath
- Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Katoch
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Z Iqra
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - S K Yousuf
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - D Mukherjee
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - L D Kumar
- Cancer Biology Division, CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Nargotra
- Discovery Informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - A Goswami
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
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44
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Protective effect of mild endoplasmic reticulum stress on radiation-induced bystander effects in hepatocyte cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38832. [PMID: 27958308 PMCID: PMC5153638 DOI: 10.1038/srep38832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE) has important implications for secondary cancer risk assessment during cancer radiotherapy, but the defense and self-protective mechanisms of bystander normal cells are still largely unclear. The present study found that micronuclei (MN) formation could be induced in the non-irradiated HL-7702 hepatocyte cells after being treated with the conditioned medium from irradiated hepatoma HepG2 cells under either normoxia or hypoxia, where the ratio of the yield of bystander MN induction to the yield of radiation-induced MN formation under hypoxia was much higher than that of normoxia. Nonetheless, thapsigargin induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and dramatically suppressed this bystander response manifested as the decrease of MN and apoptosis inductions. Meanwhile, the interference of BiP gene, a major ER chaperone, amplified the detrimental RIBE. More precisely, thapsigargin provoked ER sensor of PERK to initiate an instantaneous and moderate ER stress thus defensed the hazard form RIBE, while BiP depletion lead to persistently destroyed homeostasis of ER and exacerbated cell injury. These findings provide new insights that the mild ER stress through BiP-PERK-p-eIF2α signaling pathway has a profound role in protecting cellular damage from RIBE and hence may decrease the potential secondary cancer risk after cancer radiotherapy.
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45
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Ciclopirox enhances pancreatic islet health by modulating the unfolded protein response in diabetes. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1957-1968. [PMID: 27757583 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic dysfunction during diabetes is linked to the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on pancreatic beta (β) cells. Our laboratory recently discovered that p21 protects from diabetes by modifying the outcome of ER stress response. In the present study, we explored the antidiabetic activity of ciclopirox (CPX), an iron chelator and recently described activator of p21 expression. The effects of CPX in beta cell survival and function were assessed in cultured islets in vitro as well as in diabetic mice in vivo. The consequences of CPX in high glucose-induced insulin release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were also evaluated. Islet survival assays confirmed the significance of p21 in the regulation of glucotoxicity and suggested that CPX counteracts glucotoxicity in a manner that depends on p21. In vivo, administration of CPX in wild-type (WT) diabetic mice restored glucose homeostasis. In WT-cultured islets, CPX suppressed the expression of ER stress markers BiP, GRP94, and CHOP and reduced the levels of ROS during culture at high glucose. This reduction of ER stress may be associated with the ability of CPX to inhibit insulin release. Iron citrate stimulated insulin release, which was inhibited by CPX that functions as an iron chelator. It is conceivable that inhibition of insulin production constrains ER stress in islets promoting their survival and thus protecting from diabetes in vivo. This unfolded protein response (UPR)-antagonizing activity of CPX suggests application for the management not only of diabetes but also of other conditions related to ER stress.
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46
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Gu XW, Yan JQ, Dou HT, Liu J, Liu L, Zhao ML, Liang XH, Yang ZM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse decidua during early pregnancy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:48-56. [PMID: 27283502 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Unfolded or misfolded protein accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Although it is known that ER stress is crucial for mammalian reproduction, little is known about its physiological significance and underlying mechanism during decidualization. Here we show that Ire-Xbp1 signal transduction pathway of unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in decidual cells. The process of decidualization is compromised by ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid sodium (TUDCA) and Ire specific inhibitor STF-083010 both in vivo and in vitro. A high concentration of ER stress inducer tunicamycin (TM) suppresses stromal cells proliferation and decidualization, while a lower concentration is beneficial. We further show that ER stress induces DNA damage and polyploidization in stromal cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that the GRP78/Ire1/Xbp1 signaling pathway of ER stress-UPR is activated and involved in mouse decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Gu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hai-Ting Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Meng-Long Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Huan Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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47
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Hernández-Monge J, Rousset-Roman AB, Medina-Medina I, Olivares-Illana V. Dual function of MDM2 and MDMX toward the tumor suppressors p53 and RB. Genes Cancer 2016; 7:278-287. [PMID: 28050229 PMCID: PMC5115168 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The orchestrated crosstalk between the retinoblastoma (RB) and p53 pathways contributes to preserving proper homeostasis within the cell. The deregulation of one or both pathways is a common factor in the development of most types of human cancer. The proto-oncoproteins MDMX and MDM2 are the main regulators of the well- known tumor suppressor p53 protein. Under normal conditions, MDM2 and MDMX inhibit p53, either via repression of its transcriptional activity by protein-protein interaction, or via polyubiquitination as a result of MDM2-E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, for which MDM2 needs to dimerize with MDMX. Under genotoxic stress conditions, both become positive regulators of p53. The ATM-dependent phosphorylation of MDM2 and MDMX allow them to bind p53 mRNA, these interactions promote p53 translation. MDM2 and MDMX are also being revealed as effective regulators of the RB protein. MDM2 is able to degrade RB by two different mechanisms, that is, by ubiquitin dependent and independent pathways. MDMX enhances the ability of MDM2 to bind and degrade RB protein. However, MDMX also seems to stabilize RB through interaction and competition with MDM2. Here, we will contextualize the findings that suggest that the MDM2 and MDMX proteins have a dual function on both p53 and RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Hernández-Monge
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av Manuel Nava No 6 Zona Universitaria CP 78290. SLP, México
| | - Adriana Berenice Rousset-Roman
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av Manuel Nava No 6 Zona Universitaria CP 78290. SLP, México
| | - Ixaura Medina-Medina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av Manuel Nava No 6 Zona Universitaria CP 78290. SLP, México
| | - Vanesa Olivares-Illana
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av Manuel Nava No 6 Zona Universitaria CP 78290. SLP, México
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48
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López I, Tournillon AS, Nylander K, Fåhraeus R. p53-mediated control of gene expression via mRNA translation during Endoplasmic Reticulum stress. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3373-8. [PMID: 26397130 PMCID: PMC4825612 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1090066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is activated by different stress and damage pathways and regulates cell biological responses including cell cycle arrest, repair pathways, apoptosis and senescence. Following DNA damage, the levels of p53 increase and via binding to target gene promoters, p53 induces expression of multiple genes including p21CDKN1A and mdm2. The effects of p53 on gene expression during the DNA damage response are well mimicked by overexpressing p53 under normal conditions. However, stress to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and the consequent Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) leads to the induction of the p53/47 isoform that lacks the first 40 aa of p53 and to an active suppression of p21CDKN1A transcription and mRNA translation. We now show that during ER stress p53 also suppresses MDM2 protein levels via a similar mechanism. These observations not only raise questions about the physiological role of MDM2 during ER stress but it also reveals a new facet of p53 as a repressor toward 2 of its major target genes during the UPR. As suppression of p21CDKN1A and MDM2 protein synthesis is mediated via their coding sequences, it raises the possibility that p53 controls mRNA translation via a common mechanism that might play an important role in how p53 regulates gene expression during the UPR, as compared to the transcription-dependent gene regulation taking place during the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio López
- a Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Université Paris 7; INSERM UMR 1162 "Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides" ; Paris , France
| | - Anne-Sophie Tournillon
- a Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Université Paris 7; INSERM UMR 1162 "Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides" ; Paris , France
| | - Karin Nylander
- b Department of Medical Biosciences ; Umeå University ; Umeå , Sweden
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- a Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer; Université Paris 7; INSERM UMR 1162 "Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides" ; Paris , France ,b Department of Medical Biosciences ; Umeå University ; Umeå , Sweden.,c RECAMO; Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute ; Brno , Czech Republic
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Tournillon AS, López I, Malbert-Colas L, Findakly S, Naski N, Olivares-Illana V, Karakostis K, Vojtesek B, Nylander K, Fåhraeus R. p53 binds the mdmx mRNA and controls its translation. Oncogene 2016; 36:723-730. [PMID: 27375027 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MDMX and MDM2 are two nonredundant essential regulators of p53 tumor suppressor activity. MDM2 controls p53 expression levels, whereas MDMX is predominantly a negative regulator of p53 trans-activity. The feedback loops between MDM2 and p53 are well studied and involve both negative and positive regulation on transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels but little is known on the regulatory pathways between p53 and MDMX. Here we show that overexpression of p53 suppresses mdmx mRNA translation in vitro and in cell-based assays. The core domain of p53 binds the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of the mdmx mRNA in a zinc-dependent manner that together with a trans-suppression domain located in p53 N-terminus controls MDMX synthesis. This interaction can be visualized in the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartment. Fusion of the mdmx 5'UTR to the ovalbumin open reading frame leads to suppression of ovalbumin synthesis. Interestingly, the transcription inactive p53 mutant R273H has a different RNA-binding profile compared with the wild-type p53 and differentiates the synthesis of MDMX isoforms. This study describes p53 as a trans-suppressor of the mdmx mRNA and adds a further level to the intricate feedback system that exist between p53 and its key regulatory factors and emphasizes the important role of mRNA translation control in regulating protein expression in the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Tournillon
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - I López
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - L Malbert-Colas
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - S Findakly
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - N Naski
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - V Olivares-Illana
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - K Karakostis
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France
| | - B Vojtesek
- RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Nylander
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - R Fåhraeus
- Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St Louis, Paris, France.,RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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50
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Whisper mutations: cryptic messages within the genetic code. Oncogene 2015; 35:3753-9. [PMID: 26657150 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have seen a great expansion in our understandings of how silent mutations can drive a disease and that mRNAs are not only mere messengers between the genome and the encoded proteins but also encompass regulatory activities. This review focuses on how silent mutations within open reading frames can affect the functional properties of the encoded protein. We describe how mRNAs exert control of cell biological processes governed by the encoded proteins via translation kinetics, protein folding, mRNA stability, spatio-temporal protein expression and by direct interactions with cellular factors. These examples illustrate how additional levels of information lie within the coding sequences and that the degenerative genetic code is not redundant and have co-evolved with the encoded proteins. Hence, so called synonymous mutations are not always silent but 'whisper'.
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