1
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Ye W. Nonlocal Optical Response of Particle Plasmons in Single Gold Nanorods. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7658-7664. [PMID: 37539992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of particle plasmons in metal nanoparticles has predominantly relied on local optical response approximations. However, as the nanoparticle size approaches the average distance of electrons to the metal surface, mesoscopic effects such as size-dependent plasmon line width broadening and resonance energy blue shifts are expected to become observable. In this work, we compared the experimental spectral characteristics with simulated values obtained by using a generalized nonlocal optical response theory-based local analogue model. Our results show that the nonlocal plasmon damping effects in single nanoparticles are less pronounced than those observed in plasmon-coupled systems. Furthermore, our research demonstrates that single-particle dark-field spectroscopy is an effective tool for investigating the nonlocal optical response of particle plasmons in single nanoparticles. These results have important implications for the rational design of novel nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Ye
- Center for Theoretical Physics, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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2
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Cai YY, Choi YC, Kagan CR. Chemical and Physical Properties of Photonic Noble-Metal Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2108104. [PMID: 34897837 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal noble metal nanoparticles (NPs) are composed of metal cores and organic or inorganic ligand shells. These NPs support size- and shape-dependent plasmonic resonances. They can be assembled from dispersions into artificial metamolecules which have collective plasmonic resonances originating from coupled bright and dark optical electric and magnetic modes that form depending on the size and shape of the constituent NPs and their number, arrangement, and interparticle distance. NPs can also be assembled into extended 2D and 3D metamaterials that are glassy thin films or ordered thin films or crystals, also known as superlattices and supercrystals. The metamaterials have tunable optical properties that depend on the size, shape, and composition of the NPs, and on the number of NP layers and their interparticle distance. Interestingly, strong light-matter interactions in superlattices form plasmon polaritons. Tunable interparticle distances allow designer materials with dielectric functions tailorable from that characteristic of an insulator to that of a metal, and serve as strong optical absorbers or scatterers, respectively. In combination with lithography techniques, these extended assemblies can be patterned to create subwavelength NP superstructures and form large-area 2D and 3D metamaterials that manipulate the amplitude, phase, and polarization of transmitted or reflected light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Cai
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yun Chang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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3
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Vagov A, Larkin IA, Croitoru MD, Axt VM. Superanomalous skin-effect and enhanced absorption of light scattered on conductive media. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5103. [PMID: 36991022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Light scattering spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying various media, but interpretation of its results requires a detailed knowledge of how media excitations are coupled to electromagnetic waves. In electrically conducting media, an accurate description of propagating electromagnetic waves is a non-trivial problem because of non-local light-matter interactions. Among other consequences, the non-locality gives rise to the anomalous (ASE) and superanomalous (SASE) skin effects. As is well known, ASE is related to an increase in the electromagnetic field absorption in the radio frequency domain. This work demonstrates that the Landau damping underlying SASE gives rise to another absorption peak at optical frequencies. In contrast to ASE, SASE suppresses only the longitudinal field component, and this difference results in the strong polarization dependence of the absorption. The mechanism behind the suppression is generic and is observed also in plasma. Neither SASE, nor the corresponding light absorption increase can be described using popular simplified models for the non-local dielectric response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vagov
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
- HSE University, 101000, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I A Larkin
- Institute of Microelectronics Technology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - M D Croitoru
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- HSE University, 101000, Moscow, Russia
| | - V M Axt
- Theoretische Physik III, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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4
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TeV/m catapult acceleration of electrons in graphene layers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1330. [PMID: 36693925 PMCID: PMC9873800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent nanotechnology advances enable fabrication of layered structures with controllable inter-layer gap, giving the ultra-violet (UV) lasers access to solid-state plasmas which can be used as medium for electron acceleration. By using a linearly polarized 3 fs-long laser pulse of 100 nm wavelength and 10[Formula: see text] W/cm[Formula: see text] peak intensity, we show numerically that electron bunches can be accelerated along a stack of ionized graphene layers. Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations reveal a new self-injection mechanism based on edge plasma oscillations, whose amplitude depends on the distance between the graphene layers. Nanometre-size electron ribbons are electrostatically catapulted into buckets of longitudinal electric fields in less than 1 fs, as opposed to the slow electrostatic pull, common to laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) schemes in gas-plasma. Acceleration then proceeds in the blowout regime at a gradient of 4.79 TeV/m yielding a 0.4 fs-long bunch with a total charge in excess of 2.5 pC and an average energy of 6.94 MeV, after travelling through a graphene target as short as 1.5 [Formula: see text]m. These parameters are unprecedented within the LWFA research area and, if confirmed experimentally, may have an impact on fundamental femtosecond research.
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5
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Sinha-Roy R, García-González P, López-Lozano X, Weissker HC. Visualizing screening in noble-metal clusters: static vs. dynamic. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2075-2083. [PMID: 36547498 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04316e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The localized surface-plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles and clusters corresponds to a collective charge oscillation of the quasi-free metal electrons. The polarization of the more localized d electrons opposes the overall polarization of the electron cloud and thus screens the surface plasmon. By contrast, a static electric external field is well screened, as even very small noble-metal clusters are highly metallic: the field inside is practically zero except for the effect of the Friedel-oscillation-like modulations which lead to small values of the polarization of the d electrons. In the present article, we present and compare representations of the induced densities (i) connected to the surface-plasmon resonance and (ii) resulting from an external static electric field. The two cases allow for an intuitive understanding of the differences between the dynamic and the static screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Sinha-Roy
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille 13288, France. .,Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau F-91128, France.,Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, VILLEURBANNE, France. .,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Pablo García-González
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
| | - Xóchitl López-Lozano
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA circle, 78249-0697 San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hans-Christian Weissker
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, CINAM, Marseille 13288, France. .,European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF)
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6
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Mi X, Chen H, Li J, Qiao H. Plasmonic Au-Cu nanostructures: Synthesis and applications. Front Chem 2023; 11:1153936. [PMID: 36970414 PMCID: PMC10030581 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1153936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic Au-Cu nanostructures composed of Au and Cu metals, have demonstrated advantages over their monolithic counterparts, which have recently attracted considerable attention. Au-Cu nanostructures are currently used in various research fields, including catalysis, light harvesting, optoelectronics, and biotechnologies. Herein, recent developments in Au-Cu nanostructures are summarized. The development of three types of Au-Cu nanostructures is reviewed, including alloys, core-shell structures, and Janus structures. Afterwards, we discuss the peculiar plasmonic properties of Au-Cu nanostructures as well as their potential applications. The excellent properties of Au-Cu nanostructures enable applications in catalysis, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy, photothermal conversion and therapy. Lastly, we present our thoughts on the current status and future prospects of the Au-Cu nanostructures research field. This review is intended to contribute to the development of fabrication strategies and applications relating to Au-Cu nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Mi
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Technologies and Devices, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jinping Li, ; Haifa Qiao,
| | - Haifa Qiao
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of TCM Technologies and Devices, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, China
- College of Acupuncture and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xixian New Area, China
- *Correspondence: Jinping Li, ; Haifa Qiao,
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7
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Della Sala F, Pachter R, Sukharev M. Advances in modeling plasmonic systems. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:190401. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano, LE, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ruth Pachter
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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8
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Tao C, Zhong Y, Liu H. Quasinormal Mode Expansion Theory for Mesoscale Plasmonic Nanoresonators: An Analytical Treatment of Nonclassical Electromagnetic Boundary Condition. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:197401. [PMID: 36399747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.197401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nonclassical quantum effects will significantly affect the optical response of plasmonic nanoresonators with mesoscale feature sizes between about 2 and 20 nm, and can be fully described by the nonclassical electromagnetic boundary condition (NEBC) expressed with the surface-response Feibelman d parameters. In this Letter, a quasinormal mode (QNM) expansion theory under the NEBC is proposed. By adopting the easily solved classical QNMs under the classical electromagnetic boundary condition as a complete set of basis functions, rigorous expansions of the nonclassical source-free QNMs and source-excited electromagnetic field under the nonperturbative NEBC are provided. With the obtained nonclassical QNMs as basis functions, expansions of the nonclassical source-excited field and Green's function tensor are further obtained. These expansions have a fully analytical dependence on the NEBC and classical QNMs, thus transparently unveiling their impact on the nonclassical QNMs and source-excited electromagnetic field. For instance, a new expression of mode volume is proposed for analyzing the nonclassically corrected Purcell factor. The proposed theory is physically intuitive and computationally efficient which is enabled by the dominance of a small set of classical QNMs, thus providing an efficient tool for understanding and designing mesoscale plasmonic nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Tao
- Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ying Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
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9
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Zheng X. Dedicated Boundary Element Modeling for Nanoparticle‐on‐Mirror Structures Incorporating Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Effects. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zheng
- The WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT) KU Leuven Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
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10
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Zheng X, Mystilidis C, Xomalis A, Vandenbosch GAE. A Boundary Integral Equation Formalism for Modeling Multiple Scattering of Light from 3D Nanoparticles Incorporating Nonlocal Effects. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zheng
- WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Christos Mystilidis
- WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Angelos Xomalis
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology Feuerwerkerstrasse 39 Thun CH‐3602 Switzerland
| | - Guy A. E. Vandenbosch
- WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
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11
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Giovannini T, Bonatti L, Lafiosca P, Nicoli L, Castagnola M, Illobre PG, Corni S, Cappelli C. Do We Really Need Quantum Mechanics to Describe Plasmonic Properties of Metal Nanostructures? ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:3025-3034. [PMID: 36164484 PMCID: PMC9502030 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical properties of metal nanostructures are the basis of several scientific and technological applications. When the nanostructure characteristic size is of the order of few nm or less, it is generally accepted that only a description that explicitly describes electrons by quantum mechanics can reproduce faithfully its optical response. For example, the plasmon resonance shift upon shrinking the nanostructure size (red-shift for simple metals, blue-shift for d-metals such as gold and silver) is universally accepted to originate from the quantum nature of the system. Here we show instead that an atomistic approach based on classical physics, ωFQFμ (frequency dependent fluctuating charges and fluctuating dipoles), is able to reproduce all the typical "quantum" size effects, such as the sign and the magnitude of the plasmon shift, the progressive loss of the plasmon resonance for gold, the atomistically detailed features in the induced electron density, and the non local effects in the nanoparticle response. To support our findings, we compare the ωFQFμ results for Ag and Au with literature time-dependent DFT simulations, showing the capability of fully classical physics to reproduce these TDDFT results. Only electron tunneling between nanostructures emerges as a genuine quantum mechanical effect, that we had to include in the model by an ad hoc term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Giovannini
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- E-mail:
| | - Luca Bonatti
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Lafiosca
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Nicoli
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, Università di
Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto
di Nanoscienze del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- E-mail:
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12
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Alves R, Pacheco-Peña V, Navarro-Cía M. Madelung Formalism for Electron Spill-Out in Nonlocal Nanoplasmonics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:14758-14765. [PMID: 36081902 PMCID: PMC9442648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Current multiscale plasmonic systems pose a modeling challenge. Classical macroscopic theories fail to capture quantum effects in such systems, whereas quantum electrodynamics is impractical given the total size of the experimentally relevant systems, as the number of interactions is too large to be addressed one by one. To tackle the challenge, in this paper we propose to use the Madelung form of the hydrodynamic Drude model, in which the quantum effect electron spill-out is incorporated by describing the metal-dielectric interface using a super-Gaussian function. The results for a two-dimensional nanoplasmonic wedge are correlated to those from nonlocal full-wave numerical calculations based on a linearized hydrodynamic Drude model commonly employed in the literature, showing good qualitative agreement. Additionally, a conformal transformation perspective is provided to explain qualitatively the findings. The methodology described here may be applied to understand, both numerically and theoretically, the modular inclusions of additional quantum effects, such as electron spill-out and nonlocality, that cannot be incorporated seamlessly by using other approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rúben
A. Alves
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Víctor Pacheco-Peña
- School
of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle
Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United
Kingdom
| | - Miguel Navarro-Cía
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department
of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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13
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Della Sala F. Orbital-Free Methods for Plasmonics: Linear Response. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:104101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic systems, such as metal nanoparticles, are widely used in different application areas, going from biology to photovoltaics.The modeling of the optical response of such systems is of fundamental importance to analyze their behavior and to design new systems with required properties.When the characteristic sizes/distances reach a few nanometers, non-local and spill-out effects become relevant and conventional classical electrodynamics models are no more appropriate. Methods based on the Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (TD-DFT) represent the current reference for the description of quantum effects. However, TD-DFT is based on knowledge of all occupied orbitals whose calculation is computationally prohibitive to model large plasmonic systems of interest for applications.On the other hand, methods based on the Orbital-Free (OF) formulation of TD-DFT, can scale linearly with the system size.In this Review, OF methods ranging from semiclassical models to the quantum hydrodynamic theory, will be derived from the linear response TD-DFT, so that the key approximations and properties of each method can be clearly highlighted. The accuracy of the various approximations will be then validated for the linear optical properties of jellium nanoparticles, the most relevant model system in plasmonics. OF methods can describe the collective excitations in plasmonic systems with great accuracy andwithout system-tuned parameters. The accuracy on these methods depends only on the accuracy on the (universal) kinetic energy functional of the ground-state electronic density. Current approximations and future development directions will be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Della Sala
- CNR-IMM, IMM CNR Lecce, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies
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14
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Babaze A, Ogando E, Elli Stamatopoulou P, Tserkezis C, Asger Mortensen N, Aizpurua J, Borisov AG, Esteban R. Quantum surface effects in the electromagnetic coupling between a quantum emitter and a plasmonic nanoantenna: time-dependent density functional theory vs. semiclassical Feibelman approach. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:21159-21183. [PMID: 36224842 DOI: 10.1364/oe.456338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We use time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) within the jellium model to study the impact of quantum-mechanical effects on the self-interaction Green's function that governs the electromagnetic interaction between quantum emitters and plasmonic metallic nanoantennas. A semiclassical model based on the Feibelman parameters, which incorporates quantum surface-response corrections into an otherwise classical description, confirms surface-enabled Landau damping and the spill out of the induced charges as the dominant quantum mechanisms strongly affecting the nanoantenna-emitter interaction. These quantum effects produce a redshift and broadening of plasmonic resonances not present in classical theories that consider a local dielectric response of the metals. We show that the Feibelman approach correctly reproduces the nonlocal surface response obtained by full quantum TDDFT calculations for most nanoantenna-emitter configurations. However, when the emitter is located in very close proximity to the nanoantenna surface, we show that the standard Feibelman approach fails, requiring an implementation that explicitly accounts for the nonlocality of the surface response in the direction parallel to the surface. Our study thus provides a fundamental description of the electromagnetic coupling between plasmonic nanoantennas and quantum emitters at the nanoscale.
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15
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Li W, Zhou Q, Zhang P, Chen XW. Direct Electro Plasmonic and Optic Modulation via a Nanoscopic Electron Reservoir. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:217401. [PMID: 35687444 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.217401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Direct electrical tuning of localized plasmons at optical frequencies boasts the fascinating prospects of being ultrafast and energy efficient and having an ultrasmall footprint. However, the prospects are obscured by the grand challenge of effectively modulating the very large number of conduction electrons in three-dimensional metallic structures. Here we propose the concept of nanoscopic electron reservoir (NER) for direct electro plasmonic and electro-optic modulation. A NER is a few-to-ten-nanometer size metal feature on a metal host and supports a localized plasmon mode. We provide a general guideline to construct highly electrically susceptible NERs and theoretically demonstrate pronounced direct electrical tuning of the plasmon mode by exploiting the nonclassical effects of conduction electrons. Moreover, we show the electro-plasmonic tuning can be efficiently translated into modulation of optical scattering by utilizing the antenna effect of the metal host for the NER. Our work extends the landscape of electro plasmonic modulation and opens appealing new opportunities for quantum plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Li
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China and Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, China
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16
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Kupresak M, Zheng X, Mittra R, Vandenbosch GAE, Moshchalkov VV. Nonlocal response of plasmonic core-shell nanotopologies excited by dipole emitters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2346-2355. [PMID: 36133694 PMCID: PMC9419619 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00726b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In light of the emergence of nonclassical effects, a paradigm shift in the conventional macroscopic treatment is required to accurately describe the interaction between light and plasmonic structures with deep-nanometer features. Towards this end, several nonlocal response models, supplemented by additional boundary conditions, have been introduced, investigating the collective motion of the free electron gas in metals. The study of the dipole-excited core-shell nanoparticle has been performed, by employing the following models: the hard-wall hydrodynamic model; the quantum hydrodynamic model; and the generalized nonlocal optical response. The analysis is conducted by investigating the near and far field characteristics of the emitter-nanoparticle system, while considering the emitter outside and inside the studied topology. It is shown that the above models predict striking spectral features, strongly deviating from the results obtained via the classical approach, for both simple and noble constitutive metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kupresak
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Bus 2444 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Xuezhi Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Bus 2444 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Raj Mittra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816-2993 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Guy A E Vandenbosch
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Bus 2444 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Victor V Moshchalkov
- Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200D 3001 Leuven Belgium
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17
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Takeuci T, Yabana K. Numerical scheme for a nonlinear optical response of a metallic nanostructure: quantum hydrodynamic theory solved by adopting an effective Schrödinger equation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:11572-11587. [PMID: 35473099 DOI: 10.1364/oe.455639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) can describe some of the characteristic features of quantum electron dynamics that appear in metallic nanostructures, such as spatial nonlocality, electron spill-out, and quantum tunneling. Furthermore, numerical simulations based on QHT are more efficient than fully quantum mechanical approaches, as exemplified by time-dependent density functional theory using a jellium model. However, QHT involves kinetic energy functionals, the practical implementation of which typically induces significant numerical instabilities, particularly in nonlinear optical phenomena. To mitigate this problem, we develop a numerical solution to QHT that is quite stable, even in a nonlinear regime. The key to our approach is to rewrite the dynamical equation of QHT using the effective Schrödinger equation. We apply the new method to the linear and nonlinear responses of a metallic nanoparticle and compare the results with fully quantum mechanical calculations. The results demonstrate the numerical stability of our method, as well as the reliability and limitations of QHT.
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18
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Kupresak M, Zheng X, Mittra R, Sipus Z, Vandenbosch GAE, Moshchalkov VV. Single‐Molecule Fluorescence Enhancement by Plasmonic Core–Shell Nanostructures Incorporating Nonlocal Effects. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202100558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kupresak
- Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Xuezhi Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Raj Mittra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Central Florida Orlando FL 32816‐2993 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zvonimir Sipus
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Unska 3 Zagreb 10000 Croatia
| | - Guy A. E. Vandenbosch
- Department of Electrical Engineering KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 Leuven 3001 Belgium
| | - Victor V. Moshchalkov
- Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200D Leuven 3001 Belgium
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19
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Kinetic Energy Density Functionals Based on a Generalized Screened Coulomb Potential: Linear Response and Future Perspectives. COMPUTATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/computation10020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We consider kinetic energy functionals that depend, beside the usual semilocal quantities (density, gradient, Laplacian of the density), on a generalized Yukawa potential, that is the screened Coulomb potential of the density raised to some power. These functionals, named Yukawa generalized gradient approximations (yGGA), are potentially efficient real-space semilocal methods that include significant non-local effects and can describe different important exact properties of the kinetic energy. In this work, we focus in particular on the linear response behavior for the homogeneous electron gas (HEG). We show that such functionals are able to reproduce the exact Lindhard function behavior with a very good accuracy, outperforming all other semilocal kinetic functionals. These theoretical advances allow us to perform a detailed analysis of a special class of yGGAs, namely the linear yGGA functionals. Thus, we show how the present approach can generalize the yGGA functionals improving the HEG linear behavior and leading to an extended formula for the kinetic functional. Moreover, testing on several jellium cluster model systems allows highlighting advantages and limitations of the linear yGGA functionals and future perspectives for the development of yGGA kinetic functionals.
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20
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Zhou Q, Zhang P, Chen XW. General Framework of Canonical Quasinormal Mode Analysis for Extreme Nano-optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:267401. [PMID: 35029493 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.267401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical phenomena associated with an extremely localized field should be understood with considerations of nonlocal and quantum effects, which pose a hurdle to conceptualize the physics with a picture of eigenmodes. Here we first propose a generalized Lorentz model to describe general nonlocal media under linear mean-field approximation and formulate source-free Maxwell's equations as a linear eigenvalue problem to define the quasinormal modes. Then we introduce an orthonormalization scheme for the modes and establish a canonical quasinormal mode framework for general nonlocal media. Explicit formalisms for metals described by a quantum hydrodynamic model and polar dielectrics with nonlocal response are exemplified. The framework enables for the first time a direct modal analysis of mode transition in the quantum tunneling regime and provides physical insights beyond usual far-field spectroscopic analysis. Applied to nonlocal polar dielectrics, the framework also unveils the important roles of longitudinal phonon polaritons in optical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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21
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Lee J, Jeon DJ, Yeo JS. Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006606. [PMID: 33891781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light-matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub-wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material-based nanophotonic research, with potential applications including nonlinear spectroscopies, information processing, single-molecule sensing, organic-molecule devices, and plasmon chemistry. These innovative plasmonics-based technologies can meet the ever-increasing demands for speed and capacity in nanoscale devices, offering ultrasensitive detection capabilities and low-power operations. Size scaling from the nanometer to sub-nanometer ranges is consistently researched; as a result, the quantum behavior of localized surface plasmons, as well as those of matter, nonlocality, and quantum electron tunneling is investigated using an innovative nanofabrication and chemical functionalization approach, thereby opening a new era of quantum plasmonics. This new field enables the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components and provides extreme limits on light-matter interactions, permitting energy transport across the extremely small plasmonic gap. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of quantum plasmonic resonators with particular focus on novel materials is presented. By exploring the novel gap materials in quantum regime, the potential quantum technology applications are also searched for and mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jeon
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
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22
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Giannone G, Śmiga S, D'Agostino S, Fabiano E, Della Sala F. Plasmon Couplings from Subsystem Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:7246-7259. [PMID: 34403247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c05384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many applications in plasmonics are related to the coupling between metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) or between an emitter and a MNP. The theoretical analysis of such a coupling is thus of fundamental importance to analyze the plasmonic behavior and to design new systems. While classical methods neglect quantum and spill-out effects, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) considers all of them and with Kohn-Sham orbitals delocalized over the whole system. Thus, within TD-DFT, no definite separation of the subsystems (the single MNP or the emitter) and their couplings is directly available. This important feature is obtained here using the subsystem formulation of TD-DFT, which has been originally developed in the context of weakly interacting organic molecules. In subsystem TD-DFT, interacting MNPs are treated independently, thus allowing us to compute the plasmon couplings directly from the subsystem TD-DFT transition densities. We show that subsystem TD-DFT, as well as a simplified version of it in which kinetic contributions are neglected, can reproduce the reference TD-DFT calculations for gap distances greater than about 6 Å or even smaller in the case of hybrid plasmonic systems (i.e., molecules interacting with MNPs). We also show that the subsystem TD-DFT can be also used as a tool to analyze the impact of charge-transfer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giannone
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Szymon Śmiga
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudzia̧dzka 5, Toruń 87-100, Poland
| | - Stefania D'Agostino
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi", University of Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce 73100, Italy.,Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, Arnesano (LE) 73010, Italy.,Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, Lecce 73100, Italy
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23
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Shi H, Zhu X, Zhang S, Wen G, Zheng M, Duan H. Plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small features: new effects, fabrication and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4349-4369. [PMID: 36133477 PMCID: PMC9417648 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00237f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmons in metals promise many fascinating properties and applications in optics, sensing, photonics and nonlinear fields. Plasmonic nanostructures with extremely small features especially demonstrate amazing new effects as the feature sizes scale down to the sub-nanometer scale, such as quantum size effects, quantum tunneling, spill-out of electrons and nonlocal states etc. The unusual physical, optical and photo-electronic properties observed in metallic structures with extreme feature sizes enable their unique applications in electromagnetic field focusing, spectra enhancing, imaging, quantum photonics, etc. In this review, we focus on the new effects, fabrication and applications of plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small features. For simplicity and consistency, we will focus our topic on the plasmonic metal nanostructures with feature sizes of sub-nanometers. Subsequently, we discussed four main and typical plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small features, including: (1) ultra-sharp plasmonic metal nanotips; (2) ultra-thin plasmonic metal films; (3) ultra-small plasmonic metal particles and (4) ultra-small plasmonic metal nanogaps. Additionally, the corresponding fascinating new effects (quantum nonlinear, non-locality, quantum size effect and quantum tunneling), applications (spectral enhancement, high-order harmonic wave generation, sensing and terahertz wave detection) and reliable fabrication methods will also be discussed. We end the discussion with a brief summary and outlook of the main challenges and possible breakthroughs in the field. We hope our discussion can inspire the broader design, fabrication and application of plasmonic metal nanostructures with extremely small feature sizes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Shi
- Center for Research on Leading Technology of Special Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xupeng Zhu
- School of Physics Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang 524048 China
| | - Shi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Guilin Wen
- Center for Research on Leading Technology of Special Equipment, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | | | - Huigao Duan
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
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24
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Impact of Nonlocality on Group Delay and Reflective Behavior Near Surface Plasmon Resonances in Otto Structure. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071780. [PMID: 34361167 PMCID: PMC8308191 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study the effects of nonlocality on the optical response near surface plasmon resonance of the Otto structure, and such nonlocality is considered in the hydrodynamic model. Through analyzing the dispersion relations and optical response predicted by the Drude’s and hydrodynamic model in the system, we find that the nonlocal effect is sensitive to the large propagation wavevector, and there exists a critical incident angle and thickness. The critical point moves to the smaller value when the nonlocal effect is taken into account. Before this point, the absorption of the reflected light pulse enhances; however, the situation reverses after this point. In the region between the two different critical points in the frequency scan calculated from local and nonlocal theories, the group delay of the reflected light pulse shows opposite behaviors. These results are explained in terms of the pole and zero phenomenological model in complex frequency plane. Our work may contribute to the fundamental understanding of light–matter interactions at the nanoscale and in the design of optical devices.
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25
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Li W, Zhou Q, Zhang P, Chen XW. Bright Optical Eigenmode of 1 nm^{3} Mode Volume. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:257401. [PMID: 34241506 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.257401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We report on the discovery and rationale to devise bright single optical eigenmodes that feature quantum-optical mode volumes of about 1 nm^{3}. Our findings rely on the development and application of a quasinormal mode theory that self-consistently treats fields and electron nonlocality, spill-out, and Landau damping around atomistic protrusions on a metallic nanoantenna. By outpacing Landau damping with radiation via properly designed antenna modes, the extremely localized modes become bright with radiation efficiencies reaching 30% and could provide up to 4×10^{7} times intensity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Li
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Zhang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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26
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Abstract
The electron spill-out effect is considered in a singular metasurface. Using the hydrodynamic model, we found that electron spill-out effectively smears the sharp singularity. The introduction of the electron spill-out effect also significantly changes the reflection spectrum, charge distribution, field profile for a singular metasurface. Therefore, this spill-out contribution is crucial and cannot be ignored for a realistic description of optical response in a singular system.
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27
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Do HTB, Wen Jun D, Mahfoud Z, Lin W, Bosman M. Electron dynamics in plasmons. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2801-2810. [PMID: 33522538 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr07025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Particle-in-Cell (PIC) method for plasmons provides a mechanical, single-particle picture of plasmon resonances by tracking in time the movement of all the individual conduction electrons. By applying it to gold nanorods, we demonstrate the usefulness of PIC for extracting time-domain information of plasmons such as plasmon decay times, the relative contribution of each plasmon damping channel, detailed electron movement, as well as radiation and hot electron-emission during damping. An analysis of the time-resolved velocity distribution of the conduction electrons shows that only a small offset in this distribution in each cycle constitutes the plasmon oscillation. We show how PIC can be used to separately analyse Landau damping and Drude damping, and how their decay times can be calculated. Electron-electron scattering and surface scattering are both shown to gradually increase the overall kinetic energy of the electrons and decrease their coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hue Thi Bich Do
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, 117575, Singapore.
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28
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Stewart S, Wei Q, Sun Y. Surface chemistry of quantum-sized metal nanoparticles under light illumination. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1227-1239. [PMID: 34163884 PMCID: PMC8179176 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04651e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Size reduction of metal nanoparticles increases the exposure of metal surfaces significantly, favoring heterogeneous chemistry at the surface of the nanoparticles. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles, such as light absorption, also exhibit a strong dependence on their size. It is expected that there will be strong coupling of light absorption and surface chemistry when the metal nanoparticles are small enough. For instance, metal nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 2–10 nm exhibit both surface plasmon resonances, which can efficiently produce high-energy hot electrons near the surface of the nanoparticles under light illumination, and the Coulomb blockade effect, which favors electron transfer from the metal nanoparticles to the surface adsorbates. The synergy of efficient hot electron generation and electron transfer on the surface of small metal nanoparticles leads to double-faced effects: (i) surface (adsorption) chemistry influences optical absorption in the metal nanoparticles, and (ii) optical absorption in the metal nanoparticles promotes (or inhibits) surface adsorption and heterogeneous chemistry. This review article focuses on the discussion of typical quantum phenomena in metal nanoparticles of 2–10 nm in size, which are referred to as “quantum-sized metal nanoparticles”. Both theoretical and experimental examples and results are summarized to highlight the strong correlations between the optical absorption and surface chemistry for quantum-sized metal nanoparticles of various compositions. A comprehensive understanding of these correlations may shed light on achieving high-efficiency photocatalysis and photonics. Size reduction of metal nanoparticles increases the exposure of metal surfaces significantly, favoring heterogeneous photochemistry at the surface of the nanoparticles.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Qilin Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
| | - Yugang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University 1901 North 13th Street Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19122 USA
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29
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Extremely large third-order nonlinear optical effects caused by electron transport in quantum plasmonic metasurfaces with subnanometer gaps. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21270. [PMID: 33277512 PMCID: PMC7718924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a third-order nonlinear optical responses in quantum plasmonic metasurfaces composed of metallic nano-objects with subnanometer gaps were investigated using time-dependent density functional theory, a fully quantum mechanical approach. At gap distances of ≥ 0.6 nm, the third-order nonlinearities monotonically increased as the gap distance decreased, owing to enhancement of the induced charge densities at the gaps between nano-objects. Particularly, when the third harmonic generation overlapped with the plasmon resonance, a large third-order nonlinearity was achieved. At smaller gap distances down to 0.1 nm, we observed the appearance of extremely large third-order nonlinearity without the assistance of the plasmon resonance. At a gap distance of 0.1 nm, the observed third-order nonlinearity was approximately three orders of magnitude larger than that seen at longer gap distances. The extremely large third-order nonlinearities were found to originate from electron transport by quantum tunneling and/or overbarrier currents through the subnanometer gaps.
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30
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Lu S, Xie L, Lai K, Chen R, Cao L, Hu K, Wang X, Han J, Wan X, Wan J, Dai Q, Song F, He J, Dai J, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang G. Plasmonic evolution of atomically size-selected Au clusters by electron energy loss spectrum. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 8:nwaa282. [PMID: 35382220 PMCID: PMC8972990 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasmonic response of gold clusters with atom number (N) =
100–70 000 was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron
energy loss spectroscopy. For decreasing N, the bulk plasmon remains
unchanged above N = 887 but then disappears, while the surface plasmon
firstly redshifts from 2.4 to 2.3 eV above N = 887 before blueshifting
towards 2.6 eV down to N = 300, and finally splitting into three fine
features. The surface plasmon's excitation ratio is found to follow
N0.669, which is essentially R2.
An atomically precise evolution picture of plasmon physics is thus demonstrated according
to three regimes: classical plasmon (N = 887–70 000), quantum confinement
corrected plasmon (N = 300–887) and molecule related plasmon
(N < 300).
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kang Lai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Runkun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lu Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kuojuei Hu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jinsen Han
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Xiangang Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianguo Wan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Division of Nanophotonics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fengqi Song
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiaqing He
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayu Dai
- Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhenlin Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guanghou Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, and School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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31
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Shor Peled MH, Toledo E, Shital S, Maity A, Pal M, Sivan Y, Schvartzman M, Niv A. Second-harmonic generation from subwavelength metal heterodimers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:31468-31479. [PMID: 33115119 DOI: 10.1364/oe.405247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from deep subwavelength gold-silver heterodimers, and silver-silver and gold-gold homodimers. Our results indicate a heterodimer SHG that is an order of magnitude more intense than that of the homodimers. In contrast, full-wave calculations that consider the surface and bulk contribution of individual particles, which is the conventional view on such processes, suggest that it is the silver-silver homodimer that should prevail. Based on the deep subwavelength dimension of our structure, we propose that the heterodimer nonlinearity results from a Coulomb interaction between lumped oscillating charges and not from the surface nonlinearity of each particle, as convention would have it. Our proposed model can explain the larger SHG emission observed in gold-silver heterodimers and reproduces its unique spectral lineshape.
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32
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Giannone G, Della Sala F. Minimal auxiliary basis set for time-dependent density functional theory and comparison with tight-binding approximations: Application to silver nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giannone
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi,” University of Salento, Via Arnesano, Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Via Monteroni, Campus Unisalento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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33
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Xiong X, Zhou Y, Luo Y, Li X, Bosman M, Ang LK, Zhang P, Wu L. Plasmon-Enhanced Resonant Photoemission Using Atomically Thick Dielectric Coatings. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8806-8815. [PMID: 32567835 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By proposing an atomically thick dielectric coating on a metal nanoemitter, we theoretically show that the optical field tunneling of ultrafast-laser-induced photoemission can occur at an ultralow incident field strength of 0.03 V/nm. This coating strongly confines plasmonic fields and provides secondary field enhancement beyond the geometrical plasmon field enhancement effect, which can substantially reduce the barrier and enable more efficient photoemission. We numerically demonstrate that a 1 nm thick layer of SiO2 around a Au-nanopyramid will enhance the resonant photoemission current density by 2 orders of magnitude, where the transition from multiphoton absorption to optical field tunneling is accessed at an incident laser intensity at least 10 times lower than that of the bare nanoemitter. The effects of the coating properties such as refractive index, thickness, and geometrical settings are studied, and tunable photoemission is numerically demonstrated by using different ultrafast lasers. Our approach can also directly be extended to nonmetal emitters, to-for example-2D material coatings, and to plasmon-induced hot carrier generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Leadmicro Nano Technology Co., Ltd, 7 Xingchuang Road, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Michel Bosman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117575
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634
| | - Lay Kee Ang
- SUTD-MIT International Design Center, Science, Mathematics and Technology Cluster, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1226, United States
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632
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34
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Krishchenko IM, Manoilov ÉG, Kravchenko SA, Snopok BA. Resonant Optical Phenomena in Heterogeneous Plasmon Nanostructures of Noble Metals: A Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-020-09642-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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35
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Ning T, Liang H, Huo Y, Zhao L. Optical bistability in gap-plasmon metasurfaces in consideration of classical nonlocal effects. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:20532-20542. [PMID: 32680110 DOI: 10.1364/oe.396713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optical bistability of linear reflectance and third-harmonic generation is investigated in a metasurface consisting of metallic grating coupled with metallic film spaced with nonlinear dielectric material. Linear optical reflectance and electric field enhancement are achieved for gaps <20 nm in the presence of classical nonlocality in metallic nanostructures. Enlarged thresholds from the higher to lower reflectance states are observed from 140 kW/cm2 for the local model to 300 kW/cm2 for the nonlocal model for 0.5-nm gaps. Though the linear reflectance almost overlaps for local and nonlocal models for 20-nm gaps, the optical bistability hysteresis loops retain large differences because local field differences are amplified owing to the relation of nonlinear refraction with square of local field and historical evolution of the optical bistability.
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36
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Svendsen MK, Wolff C, Jauho AP, Mortensen NA, Tserkezis C. Role of diffusive surface scattering in nonlocal plasmonics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:395702. [PMID: 32464617 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab977d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The recent generalised nonlocal optical response (GNOR) theory for plasmonics is analysed, and its main input parameter, namely the complex hydrodynamic convection-diffusion constant, is quantified in terms of enhanced Landau damping due to diffusive surface scattering of electrons at the surface of the metal. GNOR has been successful in describing plasmon damping effects, in addition to the frequency shifts originating from induced-charge screening, through a phenomenological electron diffusion term implemented into the traditional hydrodynamic Drude model of nonlocal plasmonics. Nevertheless, its microscopic derivation and justification is still missing. Here we discuss how the inclusion of a diffusion-like term in standard hydrodynamics can serve as an efficient vehicle to describe Landau damping without resorting to computationally demanding quantum-mechanical calculations, and establish a direct link between this term and the Feibelmandparameter for the centroid of charge. Our approach provides a recipe to connect the phenomenological fundamental GNOR parameter to a frequency-dependent microscopic surface-response function. We therefore tackle one of the principal limitations of the model, and further elucidate its range of validity and limitations, thus facilitating its proper application in the framework of nonclassical plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Svendsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Wolff
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - A-P Jauho
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - N A Mortensen
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
- Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - C Tserkezis
- Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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37
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Ren P, Zhou W, Ren X, Zhang X, Sun B, Chen Y, Zheng Q, Li J, Zhang W. Improved surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensitivity to molybdenum oxide nanosheets via the lightning rod effect with application in detecting methylene blue. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:224002. [PMID: 32050177 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab758b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MoO2 nanomaterials show a superior surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property due to their high concentration of free electrons and low resistivity. However, the physical process of semiconductor-based SERS is still elusive because there are many factors that affect the local electromagnetic field intensity and the subsequent Raman intensity of the molecules in close proximity to the semiconductor nanomaterials. Herein, we investigate the important contribution of surface morphology to molybdenum oxide SERS. The MoO3/MoO2 nanosheets (NSs) are synthesized by oxidizing MoO2 NS, and the surface roughness of MoO3 can be controlled through adjusting the oxidization time. Compared with the MoO2 NS before oxidization, the MoO3/MoO2 NSs exhibit a much stronger SERS signal, which favors their application as a SERS substrate to detect trace amounts of methylene blue molecules. The minimum detectable concentration is up to 10-9 M and the maximum enhancement factor is about 1.4 × 105. Meanwhile, excellent signal reproducibility is also observed using the MoO3/MoO2 NSs as the SERS substrate. A simulated electric field distribution shows that a stronger electric field enhancement is formed due to the lightning rod effect in the gap of corrugated MoO3 NSs. These results demonstrate that the surface topography of molybdenum oxide may play a more important role than their oxidation state in SERS signal enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinyun Ren
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China. Institute of Physics and Electronic Engineering; Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photoelectric Materials and Devices, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
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38
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Vidal-Codina F, Martín-Moreno L, Ciracì C, Yoo D, Nguyen NC, Oh SH, Peraire J. Terahertz and infrared nonlocality and field saturation in extreme-scale nanoslits. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:8701-8715. [PMID: 32225489 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With advances in nanofabrication techniques, extreme-scale nanophotonic devices with critical gap dimensions of just 1-2 nm have been realized. The plasmonic response in these extreme-scale gaps is significantly affected by nonlocal electrodynamics, quenching field enhancement and blue-shifting the resonance with respect to a purely local behavior. The extreme mismatch in lengthscales, ranging from millimeter-long wavelengths to atomic-scale charge distributions, poses a daunting computational challenge. In this paper, we perform computations of a single nanoslit using the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method to solve Maxwell's equations augmented with the hydrodynamic model for the conduction-band electrons in noble metals. This method enables the efficient simulation of the slit while accounting for the nonlocal interactions between electrons and the incident light. We study the impact of gap width, film thickness and electron motion model on the plasmon resonances of the slit for two different frequency regimes: (1) terahertz frequencies, which lead to 1000-fold field amplitude enhancements that saturate as the gap shrinks; and (2) the near- and mid-infrared regime, where we show that narrow gaps and thick films cluster Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonances towards lower frequencies, derive a dispersion relation for the first FP resonance, in addition to observing that nonlocality boosts transmittance and reduces enhancement.
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39
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Flickering nanometre-scale disorder in a crystal lattice tracked by plasmonic flare light emission. Nat Commun 2020; 11:682. [PMID: 32015332 PMCID: PMC6997371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic restructuring of metal nanoparticle surfaces is known to greatly influence their catalytic, electronic transport, and chemical binding functionalities. Here we show for the first time that non-equilibrium atomic-scale lattice defects can be detected in nanoparticles by purely optical means. These fluctuating states determine interface electronic transport for molecular electronics but because such rearrangements are low energy, measuring their rapid dynamics on single nanostructures by X-rays, electron beams, or tunnelling microscopies, is invasive and damaging. We utilise nano-optics at the sub-5nm scale to reveal rapid (on the millisecond timescale) evolution of defect morphologies on facets of gold nanoparticles on a mirror. Besides dynamic structural information, this highlights fundamental questions about defining bulk plasma frequencies for metals probed at the nanoscale. Dynamic restructuring of metal nanoparticle surfaces greatly influences their catalytic, electronic transport, and chemical binding functionalities. Here, the authors show that non-equilibrium atomic-scale lattice defects can be detected in nanoparticles by using nano-optics at the sub-5nm scale.
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40
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Langer J, Jimenez de Aberasturi D, Aizpurua J, Alvarez-Puebla RA, Auguié B, Baumberg JJ, Bazan GC, Bell SEJ, Boisen A, Brolo AG, Choo J, Cialla-May D, Deckert V, Fabris L, Faulds K, García de Abajo FJ, Goodacre R, Graham D, Haes AJ, Haynes CL, Huck C, Itoh T, Käll M, Kneipp J, Kotov NA, Kuang H, Le Ru EC, Lee HK, Li JF, Ling XY, Maier SA, Mayerhöfer T, Moskovits M, Murakoshi K, Nam JM, Nie S, Ozaki Y, Pastoriza-Santos I, Perez-Juste J, Popp J, Pucci A, Reich S, Ren B, Schatz GC, Shegai T, Schlücker S, Tay LL, Thomas KG, Tian ZQ, Van Duyne RP, Vo-Dinh T, Wang Y, Willets KA, Xu C, Xu H, Xu Y, Yamamoto YS, Zhao B, Liz-Marzán LM. Present and Future of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering. ACS NANO 2020; 14:28-117. [PMID: 31478375 PMCID: PMC6990571 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1331] [Impact Index Per Article: 332.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the enhancement of Raman scattering by molecules adsorbed on nanostructured metal surfaces is a landmark in the history of spectroscopic and analytical techniques. Significant experimental and theoretical effort has been directed toward understanding the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect and demonstrating its potential in various types of ultrasensitive sensing applications in a wide variety of fields. In the 45 years since its discovery, SERS has blossomed into a rich area of research and technology, but additional efforts are still needed before it can be routinely used analytically and in commercial products. In this Review, prominent authors from around the world joined together to summarize the state of the art in understanding and using SERS and to predict what can be expected in the near future in terms of research, applications, and technological development. This Review is dedicated to SERS pioneer and our coauthor, the late Prof. Richard Van Duyne, whom we lost during the preparation of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Langer
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
| | | | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials
Physics Center (CSIC-UPV/EHU), and Donostia
International Physics Center, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, Donostia-San
Sebastián 20018, Spain
| | - Ramon A. Alvarez-Puebla
- Departamento
de Química Física e Inorgánica and EMaS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Baptiste Auguié
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Department
of Materials and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Boisen
- Department
of Micro- and Nanotechnology, The Danish National Research Foundation
and Villum Foundation’s Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery
and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Alexandre G. Brolo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC V8W 3 V6, Canada
- Center
for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Jaebum Choo
- Department
of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Dana Cialla-May
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Laura Fabris
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Rutgers
University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Spain
- The Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, Castelldefels (Barcelona) 08860, Spain
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Department
of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Technology and Innovation Centre, 99 George Street, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J. Haes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christian Huck
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Tamitake Itoh
- Nano-Bioanalysis
Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mikael Käll
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department
of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, Berlin-Adlershof 12489, Germany
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hua Kuang
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Eric C. Le Ru
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria
University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The
MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, PO Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls
Centre for Quantum and Photonic Technologies, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Hiang Kwee Lee
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xing Yi Ling
- Division
of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Chair in
Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich 80539, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University
of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106-9510, United States
| | - Kei Murakoshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido
University, North 10 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo,
Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Jwa-Min Nam
- Department
of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Shuming Nie
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1406 W. Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yukihiro Ozaki
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | | | - Jorge Perez-Juste
- Departamento
de Química Física and CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo 36310, Spain
| | - Juergen Popp
- Leibniz
Institute of Photonic Technology Jena - Member of the research alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena 07745, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Annemarie Pucci
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Timur Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg S412 96, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Schlücker
- Physical
Chemistry I, Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration
Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Li-Lin Tay
- National
Research Council Canada, Metrology Research
Centre, Ottawa K1A0R6, Canada
| | - K. George Thomas
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, MOE Key Laboratory
of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry,
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Richard P. Van Duyne
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Tuan Vo-Dinh
- Fitzpatrick
Institute for Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, and
Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Box 90281, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern
University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Katherine A. Willets
- Department
of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- Key Lab
of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, International
Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- State Key
Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, JiangSu 214122, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School
of Physics and Technology and Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yikai Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s
University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Yuko S. Yamamoto
- School
of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute
of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC
biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia-San Sebastián 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
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41
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Taghizadeh A, Pedersen TG. Plasmons in ultra-thin gold slabs with quantum spill-out: Fourier modal method, perturbative approach, and analytical model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:36941-36952. [PMID: 31873465 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.036941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We numerically study the effect of the quantum spill-out (QSO) on the plasmon mode indices of an ultra-thin metallic slab, using the Fourier modal method (FMM). To improve the convergence of the FMM results, a novel nonlinear coordinate transformation is suggested and employed. Furthermore, we present a perturbative approach for incorporating the effects of QSO on the plasmon mode indices, which agrees very well with the full numerical results. The perturbative approach also provides additional physical insight, and is used to derive analytical expressions for the mode indices using a simple model for the dielectric function. The analytical expressions reproduce the results obtained from the numerically-challenging spill-out problem with much less effort and may be used for understanding the effects of QSO on other plasmonic structures.
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42
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Kupresak M, Zheng X, Vandenbosch GAE, Moshchalkov VV. Appropriate Nonlocal Hydrodynamic Models for the Characterization of Deep‐Nanometer Scale Plasmonic Scatterers. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kupresak
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT‐TELEMIC) KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 bus 2444 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Xuezhi Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT‐TELEMIC) KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 bus 2444 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Guy A. E. Vandenbosch
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT‐TELEMIC) KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10 bus 2444 3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Victor V. Moshchalkov
- Institute for Nanoscale Physics and Chemistry (INPAC)KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200D 3001 Leuven Belgium
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43
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The Role of the Reduced Laplacian Renormalization in the Kinetic Energy Functional Development. COMPUTATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/computation7040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Laplacian of the electronic density diverges at the nuclear cusp, which complicates the development of Laplacian-level meta-GGA (LLMGGA) kinetic energy functionals for all-electron calculations. Here, we investigate some Laplacian renormalization methods, which avoid this divergence. We developed two different LLMGGA functionals, which improve the kinetic energy or the kinetic potential. We test these KE functionals in the context of Frozen-Density-Embedding (FDE), for a large palette of non-covalently interacting molecular systems. These functionals improve over the present state-of-the-art LLMGGA functionals for the FDE calculations.
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Yoo D, Vidal-Codina F, Ciracì C, Nguyen NC, Smith DR, Peraire J, Oh SH. Modeling and observation of mid-infrared nonlocality in effective epsilon-near-zero ultranarrow coaxial apertures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4476. [PMID: 31578373 PMCID: PMC6775091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in nanofabrication techniques, extreme-scale nanophotonic devices with critical gap dimensions of just 1-2 nm have been realized. Plasmons in such ultranarrow gaps can exhibit nonlocal response, which was previously shown to limit the field enhancement and cause optical properties to deviate from the local description. Using atomic layer lithography, we create mid-infrared-resonant coaxial apertures with gap sizes as small as 1 nm and observe strong evidence of nonlocality, including spectral shifts and boosted transmittance of the cutoff epsilon-near-zero mode. Experiments are supported by full-wave 3-D nonlocal simulations performed with the hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin method. This numerical method captures atomic-scale variations of the electromagnetic fields while efficiently handling extreme-scale size mismatch. Combining atomic-layer-based fabrication techniques with fast and accurate numerical simulations provides practical routes to design and fabricate highly-efficient large-area mid-infrared sensors, antennas, and metasurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daehan Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ferran Vidal-Codina
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Cristian Ciracì
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010, Arnesano (LE), Italy.
| | - Ngoc-Cuong Nguyen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - David R Smith
- Center for Metamaterial and Integrated Plasmonics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jaime Peraire
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Sang-Hyun Oh
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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Mode Splitting Induced by Mesoscopic Electron Dynamics in Strongly Coupled Metal Nanoparticles on Dielectric Substrates. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091206. [PMID: 31461966 PMCID: PMC6780343 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We study strong optical coupling of metal nanoparticle arrays with dielectric substrates. Based on the Fermi Golden Rule, the particle–substrate coupling is derived in terms of the photon absorption probability assuming a local dipole field. An increase in photocurrent gain is achieved through the optical coupling. In addition, we describe light-induced, mesoscopic electron dynamics via the nonlocal hydrodynamic theory of charges. At small nanoparticle size (<20 nm), the impact of this type of spatial dispersion becomes sizable. Both absorption and scattering cross sections of the nanoparticle are significantly increased through the contribution of additional nonlocal modes. We observe a splitting of local optical modes spanning several tenths of nanometers. This is a signature of semi-classical, strong optical coupling via the dynamic Stark effect, known as Autler–Townes splitting. The photocurrent generated in this description is increased by up to 2%, which agrees better with recent experiments than compared to identical classical setups with up to 6%. Both, the expressions derived for the particle–substrate coupling and the additional hydrodynamic equation for electrons are integrated into COMSOL for our simulations.
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Nonlocal and Size-Dependent Dielectric Function for Plasmonic Nanoparticles. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9153083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We develop a theoretical approach to investigate the impact that nonlocal and finite-size effects have on the dielectric response of plasmonic nanostructures. Through simulations, comprehensive comparisons of the electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and the optical performance are discussed for a gold spherical dimer system in terms of different dielectric models. Our study offers a paradigm of high efficiency compatible dielectric theoretical framework for accounting the metallic nanoparticles behavior combining local, nonlocal and size-dependent effects in broader energy and size ranges. The results of accurate analysis and simulation for these effects unveil the weight and the evolution of both surface and bulk plasmons vibrational mechanisms, which are important for further understanding the electrodynamics properties of structures at the nanoscale. Particularly, our method can be extended to other plasmonic nanostructures where quantum-size or strongly interacting effects are likely to play an important role.
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Zheng X, Kupresak M, Verellen N, Moshchalkov VV, Vandenbosch GAE. A Review on the Application of Integral Equation‐Based Computational Methods to Scattering Problems in Plasmonics. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.201900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), the TELEMIC GroupKU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Mario Kupresak
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), the TELEMIC GroupKU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Niels Verellen
- Life Science Technologies and Integrated PhotonicsIMEC Kapeldreef 75 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Victor V. Moshchalkov
- Nanoscale Superconductivity and MagnetismKU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200D, BUS 2414 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Guy A. E. Vandenbosch
- Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), the TELEMIC GroupKU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
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Constantin LA, Fabiano E, Della Sala F. Performance of Semilocal Kinetic Energy Functionals for Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:3044-3055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucian A. Constantin
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
| | - Eduardo Fabiano
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Campus Unisalento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabio Della Sala
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies @UNILE, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti, I-73010 Arnesano, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Campus Unisalento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Abstract
Nonlocal and quantum effects play an important role in accurately modeling the optical response of nanometer-sized metallic nanoparticles. These effects cannot be described by conventional classical theories, as they neglect essential microscopic details. Quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) has emerged as an excellent tool to correctly predict the nonlocal and quantum effects by taking into account the spatial dependence of the charge density. In this article, we used a QHT to investigate the impact of nonlocality and electron spill-out on the plasmonic behavior of spherical Na and Au nanoshells. We adopted a self-consistent way to compute the equilibrium charge density. The results predicted by QHT were compared with those obtained with the local response approximation (LRA) and the Thomas–Fermi hydrodynamic theory (TFHT). We found that nonlocal effects have a strong impact on both the near- and far-field optical properties of nanoshells, in particular, for the antibonding resonant mode. We also investigated the optical response of these systems for different thicknesses of the shell, both for Na and Au metals.
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Readman C, de Nijs B, Szabó I, Demetriadou A, Greenhalgh R, Durkan C, Rosta E, Scherman OA, Baumberg JJ. Anomalously Large Spectral Shifts near the Quantum Tunnelling Limit in Plasmonic Rulers with Subatomic Resolution. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2051-2058. [PMID: 30726095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The resonance wavelength of a coupled plasmonic system is extremely sensitive to the distance between its metallic surfaces, resulting in "plasmon rulers". We explore this behavior in the subnanometer regime using self-assembled monolayers of bis-phthalocyanine molecules in a nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) construct. These allow unprecedented subangstrom control over spacer thickness via choice of metal center, in a gap-size regime at the quantum-mechanical limit of plasmonic enhancement. A dramatic shift in the coupled plasmon resonance is observed as the gap size is varied from 0.39 to 0.41 nm. Existing theoretical models are unable to account for the observed spectral tuning, which requires inclusion of the quantum-classical interface, emphasizing the need for new treatments of light at the subnanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Readman
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - István Szabó
- Department of Chemistry , King's College London , 7 Trinity Street , London SE1 1DB , United Kingdom
| | - Angela Demetriadou
- School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham, Edgbaston , Birmingham , B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Greenhalgh
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
- The Nanoscience Centre , University of Cambridge , 11 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0FF , United Kingdom
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience Centre , University of Cambridge , 11 JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0FF , United Kingdom
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Chemistry , King's College London , 7 Trinity Street , London SE1 1DB , United Kingdom
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics , University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue , Cambridge , CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
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