1
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Gao Y, Jin H, Zhang XW, Liu TS. Ultrahigh-Sensitivity and Damage-Free Detection of Single Nanometer-Sized Particle. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:37672-37677. [PMID: 39281962 PMCID: PMC11391535 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
In the past decades, various methods, such as chemical sensing, X-ray screening, and spectroscopy, have been employed to detect explosives for environmental protection and national public security. However, achieving ultrahigh sensitivity for detection, which is crucial for some practical applications, remains challenging. This study employs scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) to detect individual ∼200 nm explosive nanoparticles of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). The vibrational modes of HMX were acquired for each single nanoparticle under the aloof STEM-EELS mode, which ensures damage-free detection. Detailed comparisons with Raman and infrared spectra validate the acquired data's origin. This work highlights STEM-EELS as an effective tool in explosives detection, offering ultrahigh sensitivity, damage-free, and nanometer spatial resolution, with potential applications in environmental protection, public security, and criminal investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- School of Information and Network Security, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Hua Jin
- School of Information and Network Security, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian-Sheng Liu
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
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2
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Zhang G, Fan S, Hutchinson KL, Chu R, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Interplay between the Glass Transition Temperature, Analyte Diffusion, and Fluorescence Quenching for Detection of Nitro-Group Containing Explosives Using Organic Semiconducting Films. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22787-22796. [PMID: 39093837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c08002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Efficient detection of chemical analytes using fluorescence-based sensors necessitates an in-depth understanding of the physical interaction between the analyte molecules and the sensor films. This study explores the interplay between the thermal properties of a series of triphenylamine-centered fluorescent dendrimers with different glass transition temperatures (Tg) for detecting nitroaromatic explosives. When exposed to 4-nitrotoluene (pNT) vapors, biphasic diffusion kinetics were observed for all the dendrimers, corresponding to Super Case II kinetics, suggesting rapid film swelling during initial analyte uptake. The diffusion kinetics were further analyzed using a diffusion-relaxation model, where a strong Tg dependence was observed for both the initial concentration-driven diffusion phase and the slower film relaxation phase. Additionally, a difference in kinetics between analyte uptake and release was observed. The photoluminescence (PL) kinetics also showed a Tg dependence, with more efficient PL recovery observed for films composed of dendrimers that had a lower Tg. Rapid quenching of over 40% with little PL recovery was seen in the dendrimer with the highest Tg (107 °C), while a smaller quench with efficient PL recovery was observed in the dendrimer that had a Tg close to room temperature. The results highlight the critical role of the thermal properties of sensor films in achieving rapid and sensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanran Zhang
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Shengqiang Fan
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kinitra L Hutchinson
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ronan Chu
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, The School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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3
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Noh D, Oh E. Estimation of Environmental Effects and Response Time in Gas-Phase Explosives Detection Using Photoluminescence Quenching Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:908. [PMID: 38611166 PMCID: PMC11013195 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Detecting the presence of explosives is important to protect human lives during military conflicts and peacetime. Gas-phase detection of explosives can make use of the change of material properties, which can be sensitive to environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity. This paper describes a remote-controlled automatic shutter method for the environmental impact assessment of photoluminescence (PL) sensors under near-open conditions. Utilizing the remote-sensing method, we obtained environmental effects without being exposed to sensing vapor molecules and explained how PL intensity was influenced by the temperature, humidity, and exposure time. We also developed a theoretical model including the effect of exciton diffusion for PL quenching, which worked well under limited molecular diffusions. Incomplete recovery of PL intensity or the degradation effect was considered as an additional factor in the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daegwon Noh
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsoon Oh
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehakro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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4
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Huang W, Zhu Y, Zhou K, Chen L, Zhao Z, Zhao E, He Z. Boosting Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Alkyl-Locked Axial Chirality Scaffold by Restriction of Molecular Motions. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303667. [PMID: 38057693 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Boosting the circularly polarized luminescence of small organic molecules has been a stubborn challenge because of weak structure rigidity and dynamic molecular motions. To investigate and eliminate these factors, here, we carried out the structure-property relationship studies on a newly-developed axial chiral scaffold of bidibenzo[b,d]furan. The molecular rigidity was finely tuned by gradually reducing the alkyl-chain length. The environmental factors were considered in solution, crystal, and polymer matrix at different temperatures. As a result, a significant amplification of the dissymmetry factor glum from 10-4 to 10-1 was achieved, corresponding to the situation from (R)-4C in solution to (R)-1C in polymer film at room temperature. A synergistic strategy of increasing the intramolecular rigidity and enhancing the intermolecular interaction to restrict the molecular motions was thus proposed to improve circularly polarized luminescence. The though-out demonstrated relationship will be of great importance for the development of high-performance small organic chiroptical systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Huang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Hoffman Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Letian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Engui Zhao
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zikai He
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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5
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Zhao M, You Z, Chen H, Wang X, Ying Y, Wang Y. Integrated Fruit Ripeness Assessment System Based on an Artificial Olfactory Sensor and Deep Learning. Foods 2024; 13:793. [PMID: 38472906 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial scent screening systems, inspired by the mammalian olfactory system, hold promise for fruit ripeness detection, but their commercialization is limited by low sensitivity or pattern recognition inaccuracy. This study presents a portable fruit ripeness prediction system based on colorimetric sensing combinatorics and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) to accurately identify fruit ripeness. Using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method, the study discerned the distinctive gases emitted by mango, peach, and banana across various ripening stages. The colorimetric sensing combinatorics utilized 25 dyes sensitive to fruit volatile gases, generating a distinct scent fingerprint through cross-reactivity to diverse concentrations and varieties of gases. The unique scent fingerprints can be identified using DCNN. After capturing colorimetric sensor image data, the densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) was employed, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 97.39% on the validation set and 82.20% on the test set in assessing fruit ripeness. This fruit ripeness prediction system, coupled with a DCNN, successfully addresses the issues of complex pattern recognition and low identification accuracy. Overall, this innovative tool exhibits high accuracy, non-destructiveness, practical applicability, convenience, and low cost, making it worth considering and developing for fruit ripeness detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiheng You
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huayun Chen
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yibin Ying
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yixian Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment and Robotics for Agriculture of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
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6
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Chen M, Burn PL, Shaw PE. Utilizing Different Diffusion Mechanisms for Thin Film Fluorescence-Based Detection and Discrimination of Illicit Drug Vapors. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4607-4614. [PMID: 38051524 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Film-based fluorescence sensors have been demonstrated to be powerful tools for real-time detection of trace chemical vapors. While explosive vapor detection via fluorescence quenching has been widely explored, fluorescence-based real-time detection and identification of illicit drug vapors remains a challenge. Here, we report two perylene diimide-based sensing materials, P1 and P2, incorporating 2,2-dihexyloctanyl chains and 4-[tris(4-{tert-butyl}phenyl)methyl]phenyl moieties at the imide positions, respectively. Quartz crystal microbalance with in situ photoluminescence measurements showed that N-methylphenethylamine, a simulant of methamphetamine (MA), diffused into films of P1 and P2 via Fickian and case-II mechanisms, respectively. The difference in the analyte diffusion mechanism led to P2 showing significantly faster luminescence quenching but slower luminescence recovery compared to P1. Finally, the different diffusion mechanisms were used as the basis for developing a simple sensor array based on P1 and P2 that could selectively detect free-base illicit drugs (MA, cocaine, and tetrahydrocannabinol) from potential interferants (organic amines, alcohol, and cosmetics) within 40 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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7
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Chen M, Chu R, Kistemaker JCM, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Perylene Diimide Based Fluorescent Sensors for Drug Simulant Detection: The Effect of Alkyl-Chain Branching on Film Morphology, Exciton Diffusion, Vapor Diffusion, and Sensing Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56386-56396. [PMID: 37982219 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing has been demonstrated to be a powerful method for rapid trace detection of chemical vapors (analytes). Analyte diffusion has been shown to be the critical factor for real-time luminescence-based detection of explosive analytes via photoinduced electron transfer in amorphous films of conjugated polymers and dendrimers. However, similar studies to determine the critical factors for sensing have not been performed on materials that employ photoinduced hole transfer (PHT) to detect low electron affinity analytes such as illicit drugs. Nor have such studies been performed on semicrystalline sensing films. We have developed a family of perylene diimide-based sensing materials capable of undergoing PHT with amine-group containing analytes. It was found that the choice of branched alkyl chain [1-hexylheptyl (PHH), 2-hexyloctyl (PHO), or 2,2-dihexyloctyl (PDHO)] attached to the nitrogen atoms of the imide moiety strongly affected the solution-processed film morphology. PHH and PHO were found to contain crystalline phases, whereas PDHO was essentially amorphous. The degree of crystallinity strongly influenced exciton diffusion, with PHH and PHO exhibiting exciton diffusion coefficients that were 20× and 10× greater than the value of the amorphous PDHO. The degree of film crystallinity was also found to be critical when the films were applied to detect N-methylphenethylamine (MPEA), a simulant of methamphetamine. While PHH had the largest exciton diffusion coefficient [(1.0 ± 0.2) × 10-2 cm2 s-1] and analyte uptake (12.3 ± 1.8 ng) it showed the smallest quenching efficiency (2.6% ng-1). In contrast, PHO, which sorbed the least analyte (6.1 ± 0.4 ng) of the three compounds, had the largest quenching efficiency (7.1% ng-1) due to its molecular packing and hence exciton diffusion coefficient [(4.5 ± 1.4) × 10-3 cm2 s-1] not being affected by sorption of the analyte. These results show that when applying fluorescent films in practical detection scenarios there is a potential trade-off between a high exciton diffusion constant and analyte diffusion for semicrystalline sensing materials and that a high exciton diffusion coefficient in an as-cast film does not necessarily translate into a more efficient fluorescent quenching. The results also show that sensing materials that form semicrystalline films, whose packing is not disrupted by analyte diffusion, provide a route for overcoming these effects and achieving high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ronan Chu
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jos C M Kistemaker
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia
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8
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Chen M, Burn PL, Shaw PE. Luminescence-based detection and identification of illicit drugs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13244-13259. [PMID: 37144605 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00524k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing is capable of being used for the sensitive, rapid, and in some cases selective detection of chemicals. Furthermore, the method is amenable to incorporation into handheld low-power portable detectors that can be used in the field. Luminescence-based detectors are now commercially available for explosive detection with the technology built on a strong foundation of science. In contrast, there are fewer examples of luminescence-based detection of illicit drugs, despite the pervasive and global challenge of combating their manufacture, distribution and consumption and the need for handheld detection systems. This perspective describes the relatively nascent steps that have been reported in the use of luminescent materials for the detection of illicit drugs. Much of the published work has focused on detection of illicit drugs in solution with less work on vapour detection using thin luminescent sensing films. The latter are better suited for handheld sensing devices and detection in the field. Illicit drug detection has been achieved via different mechanisms, all of which change the luminescence of the sensing material. These include photoinduced hole transfer (PHT) leading to quenching of the luminescence, disruption of Förster energy transfer between different chromophores by a drug, and chemical reaction between the sensing material and a drug. The most promising of these is PHT, which can be used for rapid and reversible detection of illicit drugs in solution and film-based sensing of drugs in the vapour phase. However, there are still significant knowledge gaps, for example, how vapours of illicit drugs interact with the sensing films, and how to achieve selectivity for specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chen
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - P L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - P E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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9
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Hu Z, Yan B. A luminescent Eu@SOF film fabricated by electrophoretic deposition as ultrasensitive platform for styrene gas quantitative monitoring through fluorescence sensing and ANNs model. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129865. [PMID: 36067558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is a harmful gas widely existing in the air, which can damage human organs. Therefore, it is very crucial to develop a sensitive, portable and simple sensor for monitoring styrene. Herein, we design and fabricate a luminescent Eu@TMA-ME/FTO film (F) through EPD method. F emits bright red light of Eu(III) ions and shows superior fluorescence response to styrene gas as a sensor, which enable real-time and quantitative monitoring for styrene gas. More importantly, F exhibits a linear response to styrene gas in a wide concentration range of 10-7 to 10-2 M and a low DL with 0.20 ppm. The efficient PET process to styrene induced by ME and the competitive absorption between styrene and F are responsible for the sensing mechanism. Besides, the detection of styrene solution is also investigated in deionized water, tap water and river water. For the further application, an intelligent ANNs model has been constructed to process the fluorescence sensing results, which can convert fluorescence sensing images to the concentration of styrene gas. The data demonstrates that ANNs model can accurately monitor the concentration of styrene gas via deep ML without tedious data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqian Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Siping Road 1239, Shanghai 200092, China.
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10
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Improved colorimetric detection of 2,4,6‑trinitrotoluene through γ-cyclodextrin complexation. Forensic Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forc.2022.100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Computational design of a nanoconjugate model of pyrene-linked CdTe quantum dot for the detection of trinitrotoluene. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Liu X, Wang Y, Liu X, Liu S, Li Y, Wang L, Liu Y. Dendritic polyphenylene AIEgens: fluorescence detection of explosives and stimulus-responsive luminescence. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py01172g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic AIEgens with polyphenylene peripherals and TPE luminescent core had shown detection capability to picric acid and tunable response to external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindong Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Institute of Critical Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Centre for AIE Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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13
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Prabha D, Singh D, Kumar P, Gupta R. Selective Detection of Picric Acid and Pyrosulfate Ion by Nickel Complexes Offering a Hydrogen-Bonding-Based Cavity. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17889-17899. [PMID: 34809423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and characterization of three mononuclear nickel complexes supported with amide-based pincer ligands. All three complexes presented an H-bonding-based cavity due to the migration of amidic protons to the appended heterocyclic rings that formed H-bonds with the metal-ligated solvent molecule(s). These complexes functioned as the nanomolar chemosensors for the detection of picric acid and pyrosulfate ion as inferred by the detailed absorption and emission spectral studies while further supported with FTIR, NMR, and mass spectra of the isolated products. We also illustrate a few practical detection methods for the sensing of picric acid in the solution state as the naked-eye colorimetric methods and in the solid state by employing polystyrene films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Prabha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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14
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Dong R, Wang J, Weng S, Yuan H, Yang L. Field determination of hazardous chemicals in public security by using a hand-held Raman spectrometer and a deep architecture-search network. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 258:119871. [PMID: 33957446 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advanced development of miniaturization and integration of instruments, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has demonstrated its great significance because of its non-invasive property and fingerprint identification ability, and extended its applications in public security, especially for hazardous chemicals. However, the fast and accurate RS analysis of hazardous chemicals in field test by non-professionals is still challenging due to the lack of an effective and timely spectral-based chemical-discriminating solution. In this study, a platform was developed for the field determination of hazardous chemicals in public security by using a hand-held Raman spectrometer and a deep architecture-search network (DASN) incorporated into a cloud server. With the Raman spectra of 300 chemicals, DASN stands out with identification accuracy of 100% and outweighs other machine learning and deep learning methods. The network feature maps for the spectra of methamphetamine and ketamine focus on the main peaks of 1001 and 652 cm-1, which indicates the powerful feature extraction capability of DASN. Its receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve completely encloses the other models, and the area under the curve is up to 1, implying excellent robustness. With the well-built platform combining RS, DASN, and cloud server, one test process including Raman measurement and identification can be performed in tens of seconds. Hence, the developed platform is simple, fast, accurate, and could be considered as a promising tool for hazardous chemical identification in public security on the scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronglu Dong
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Jinghong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shizhuang Weng
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Hecai Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Agro-Ecological Big Data Analysis & Application, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liangbao Yang
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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15
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Campbell IA, Turnbull GA. A kinetic model of thin-film fluorescent sensors for strategies to enhance chemical selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:10791-10798. [PMID: 33913452 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00835h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thin film chemical sensors are widely used in environmental and industrial applications due to their scalable fabrication and high sensitivity, however they often suffer from low specificity limiting their ability to discriminate between analytes. In this paper we analyse the influence of molecular diffusion and binding interactions on the optical response of thin film fluorescent chemical sensors. We use a computational model to calculate the dynamics of fluorescence quenching due to sorption and desorption of analyte molecules, and compare this with experimental measurements of a conjugated polymer sensor for nitroaromatic vapour. We find that to increase selectivity, such sensors should use thinner films, analyses should concentrate on the recovery dynamics, and sensor materials should be chosen to provide sensor-analyte combinations where diffusion is hindered by strong sensor-analyte binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Campbell
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, KY16 9SS, Scotland.
| | - Graham A Turnbull
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, North Haugh, Fife, KY16 9SS, Scotland.
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16
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Zhou X, Li J, Tan LL, Li Q, Shang L. Novel perylene probe-encapsulated metal-organic framework nanocomposites for ratiometric fluorescence detection of ATP. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:3661-3666. [PMID: 31999287 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays an important role in various biological processes and the ATP level is closely associated with many diseases. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescence assay for ATP was developed based on the excimer-monomer transfer of a perylene probe. By encapsulating a perylene probe, N,N'-bis(6-caproic acid)-3,4:9,10-perylenediimide (PDI), into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals, fluorescent nanocomposites (PDI@ZIF-8) with significant excimer emission of the perylene probe were prepared for the first time. The presence of ATP will trigger the decomposition of PDI@ZIF-8 due to much stronger coordination between ATP and Zn2+ than that of 2-methylimidazole and Zn2+. As a result, the encapsulated PDI probes were released, leading to significantly increased monomer emission accompanying the decrease in the excimer emission. The excimer-monomer transition signal was utilized for ratiometric ATP sensing and its potential application for detecting ATP in cell lysates was also successfully demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
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17
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Zhang R, Lai Y, Zhan J. Enhancing the Activity of Silver Nanowire Membranes by Electrochemical Cyclic Voltammetry as Highly Sensitive Flexible SERS Substrate for On-Site Analysis. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030672. [PMID: 33803157 PMCID: PMC7998130 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-quality flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates is crucial for developing rapid SERS analysis in situ. Silver nanowire membranes as novel flexible substrates could benefit from the high collection efficiency of analytes by wrapping complex surfaces or wiping the surfaces of samples. However, their low SERS performance impedes further applications of silver nanowire membranes in analyte detection. Herein, we report an ultra-high-sensitivity silver nanowire membrane synthesized by a simple and time-saving cyclic voltammetry (CV) method. After CV treatment, a part of the silver nanowires on the silver nanowire membrane turned into small nanoparticles and nanorods. This nanostructure’s reconstitution increased the analytical enhancement factor of silver nanowire membranes by 14.4 times. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were employed to investigate the transformation in the membrane nanostructure. The CV-treated substrates exhibited high surface-enhanced Raman activity and good temporal stability. The limits of detection (LODs) for p-aminothiophenol, crystal violet, tetramethylthiuram disulfide, sodium perchlorate, malachite green, fluoranthene, and potassium nitrate are 3.7 × 10−12 M, 5.1 × 10−11 M, 5.4 × 10−11 M, 6.3 × 10−9 M, 0.00693 ng, 0.0810 ng, and 0.0273 ng on this substrate, respectively. Additionally, the developed substrate is feasible for the detection of crystal violet in real samples. These results certify that CV-treated substrates possess broad application prospects in on-site SERS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
| | - Yongchao Lai
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0531-8836-5017 (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Key Laboratory for Colloid & Interface Chemistry of Education Ministry, Department of Chemistry, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-0531-8836-5017 (J.Z.)
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18
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Glackin JME, Gillanders RN, Eriksson F, Fjällgren M, Engblom J, Mohammed S, Samuel IDW, Turnbull GA. Explosives detection by swabbing for improvised explosive devices. Analyst 2021; 145:7956-7963. [PMID: 33034590 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Swabs taken from the surface of a suspicious object are a standard method of identifying a concealed explosive device in security-conscious locations like airports. In this paper we demonstrate a sensitive method to collect and detect trace explosive residues from improvised explosive devices using swabs and an optical sensor element. Swabs coated with a commercial fluoropolymer are used to collect material and are subsequently heated to thermally desorb the explosives, causing the quenching of light emission from a thin film luminescent sensor. We report the sorption and desorption characteristics of swabs loaded with 2,4-DNT tested with Super Yellow fluorescent sensors in a laboratory setting, with detection that is up to three orders of magnitude more sensitive than standard colorimetric tests. The method was then applied in field tests with raw military-grade explosives TNT, PETN and RDX, on various objects containing the explosives, and post-blast craters. We show for the first time results using organic semiconductors to detect sub-milligram amounts of explosive sorbed onto a substrate from real explosives in the field, giving a promising new approach for IED detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M E Glackin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, Scotland.
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19
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Yan CX, Lin QQ, Li S, Wu CJ, Li YA, Fan JZ, Ma JP, Geng Y, Dong YB. Synthesis of fulvene-containing boron complexes with aggregation-induced emission and mechanochromic luminescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14435-14438. [PMID: 33146183 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05757f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two donor-acceptor motif fulvene-containing boron complexes were synthesized with fulvene diketonate boron difluoride (FDB) as the organic acceptor. Both difluoroboron complexes present aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties and cell tracing function with excellent biocompatibility. And mechanochromic luminescence has been accomplished by the synthesis, isolation and characterization of BL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Xin Yan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China.
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20
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Tong YJ, Yu LD, Zheng J, Liu G, Ye Y, Huang S, Chen G, Yang H, Wen C, Wei S, Xu J, Zhu F, Pawliszyn J, Ouyang G. Graphene Oxide-Supported Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks with Boosted Stabilities and Detection Sensitivities. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15550-15557. [PMID: 33166109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The photoluminescent (PL) properties of lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) are intrinsically subtle to water molecules, which remains the major challenge that severely limits their applications as fluorescent probes in aqueous samples. Herein novel composite fluorescent probes were prepared by growing Ln-MOFs (Tb-MOF, Eu-MOF, and Tb/Eu-MOF) on carboxylated porous graphene oxide (PGO-COOH). The 3D thorny composites presented significantly longer fluorescent lifetimes and higher quantum yields than that of the bare Ln-MOFs and exhibited long-term PL stabilities in aqueous samples up to 15 days. The stable and improved PL properties demonstrated that the highly hybrid composite structures protected the MOF components from the adverse effects of water. Furthermore, the unexpected antenna effect of the PGO-COOH substrate on Ln3+ was supposed to be another reason for the improved PL properties. The composites present ultralow detection limits as low as 5.6 nM for 2,4-dinitrotoluene and 2.3 nM for dipicolinic acid as turn-off and ratiometric fluorescent probes, respectively, which was attributed to the incoporation of PGO-COOH that dramatically enahnced inner filter effects and effectively protected the energy transfer process in the MOF components from the interference of the surrounding water. This work presents an effective strategy for creating ultrasensitive and stable fluorescent probes based on Ln-MOFs for applications in aqueous samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Jun Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Lu-Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiating Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Yuxin Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Siming Huang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Guosheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Huangsheng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Cheng Wen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang, Hunan 414006, China
| | - Songbo Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jianqiao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Fang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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21
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Guo L, Wang T, Wu Z, Wang J, Wang M, Cui Z, Ji S, Cai J, Xu C, Chen X. Portable Food-Freshness Prediction Platform Based on Colorimetric Barcode Combinatorics and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2004805. [PMID: 33006183 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Artificial scent screening systems (known as electronic noses, E-noses) have been researched extensively. A portable, automatic, and accurate, real-time E-nose requires both robust cross-reactive sensing and fingerprint pattern recognition. Few E-noses have been commercialized because they suffer from either sensing or pattern-recognition issues. Here, cross-reactive colorimetric barcode combinatorics and deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) are combined to form a system for monitoring meat freshness that concurrently provides scent fingerprint and fingerprint recognition. The barcodes-comprising 20 different types of porous nanocomposites of chitosan, dye, and cellulose acetate-form scent fingerprints that are identifiable by DCNN. A fully supervised DCNN trained using 3475 labeled barcode images predicts meat freshness with an overall accuracy of 98.5%. Incorporating DCNN into a smartphone application forms a simple platform for rapid barcode scanning and identification of food freshness in real time. The system is fast, accurate, and non-destructive, enabling consumers and all stakeholders in the food supply chain to monitor food freshness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zequn Cui
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jianfei Cai
- Department of Data Science & AI, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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22
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Chen MC, Chen DG, Chou PT. Fluorescent Chromophores Containing the Nitro Group: Relatively Unexplored Emissive Properties. Chempluschem 2020; 86:11-27. [PMID: 33094565 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Apart from numerous applications, for example in azo dye precursors, explosives, and industrial processes, the nitro group (-NO2 ) appears on countless molecules in photochemical research owing to its unique characteristics such as a strong electron-withdrawing ability and facile conversion to the reduced substituent. Although it is well known as a fluorescence quencher, fluorescent chromophores that contain the nitro group have also emerged, with 3-nitrophenothiazine being recently reported to have 100 % emission quantum yield in nonpolar solvents. The diverse characters of nitro-containing chromophores motivated us to systematically review those chromophores with nitro substituents, their associated photophysical properties, and applications. In this Review, we succinctly elaborate the advance of the fluorescent nitro chromophores in fields of intramolecular charge transfer, fluorescent probes and nonlinear properties. Special attention is paid to the rationalization of the associated emission spectroscopy, so that the readers can gain insights into the structure-photophysics relationship and hence gain insights for the strategic design of nitro chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Gao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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23
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Xi D, Xu Y, Xu R, Wang Z, Liu D, Shen Q, Yue L, Dang D, Meng L. A Facilely Synthesized Dual-State Emission Platform for Picric Acid Detection and Latent Fingerprint Visualization. Chemistry 2020; 26:2741-2748. [PMID: 31886910 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To achieve a highly efficient, dual-state emission platform for picric acid (PA) detection and latent fingerprint (LFP) visualization, flexible alkyl chains have been facilely attached to the commercial organic dye 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride to provide the target perylenetetracarboxylate molecules PTCA-C4, PTCA-C6, and PTCA-C12. Interestingly, all these molecules exhibited impressive fluorescence characteristics with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of around 93.0 % in dilute solution. Also, emissive features were observed in the solid state because close molecular packing is prevented by the alkyl chains, especially for PTCA-C6, which has a high PLQY value of 49.0 %. Benefiting from its impressive fluorescence performance in both solution and as aggregates, PTCA-C6 was used as a dual-state emission platform for PA detection and also LFP visualization. For example, double-responsive fluorescence quenching in solution was observed in PA detection studies, resulting in high quenching constants (KSV ) and also low limit-of-detection values. Furthermore, the fingerprint powder based on PTCA-C6 also presented an impressive performance on various substrates in terms of fluorescence intensity and resolution, clearly providing the specific fine details of latent fingerprints. These results demonstrate that the facilely synthesized PTCA-C6 with efficient dual-state emission exhibits great potential in the real-world applications of PA detection and LFP visualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Xi
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Yanzi Xu
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ruohan Xu
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Daomeng Liu
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Qifei Shen
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yue
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Dang
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Science, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis, and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China.,Instrumental Analysis Center, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, 710049, P.R. China
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24
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Loch AS, Stoltzfus DM, Burn PL, Shaw PE. High-Sensitivity Poly(dendrimer)-Based Sensors for the Detection of Explosives and Taggant Vapors. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex S. Loch
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dani M. Stoltzfus
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L. Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E. Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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25
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Yu J, Tang C, Gu X, Zheng X, Yu ZQ, He Z, Li XG, Tang BZ. Highly emissive phenylene-expanded [5]radialene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3911-3914. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00122h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Star: a pentagonal conjugated radialene macrocycle was one-pot synthesized for the first time. The fantastic pentagonal architecture is revealed by its single crystal structure, and affords the smallest ring strain and the best conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- School of Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Chunlin Tang
- School of Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xinggui Gu
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- 100081 Beijing
- China
| | - Zhen-Qiang Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- China
| | - Zikai He
- School of Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Xin-Gui Li
- School of Science and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, and Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Hong Kong
- China
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26
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Zhang Y, Cai Y, Dong F, Bian L, Li H, Wang J, Du J, Qi X, He Y. Chemically modified mesoporous wood: a versatile sensor for visual colorimetric detection of trinitrotoluene in water, air, and soil by smartphone camera. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:8063-8071. [PMID: 31768592 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is great interest in detection of the level of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive due to its importance in public security and environmental protection fields. The conventional chemical sensors do not simultaneously realize simple, rapid, sensitive, selective, and direct detection of TNT in different medium without sample pretreatment. Here we present a modified wood-based chemical sensor for visual colorimetric detection of TNT in water, air, and soil. The natural wood undergoes a delignified process, which is further functionalized by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). When TNT solutions are introduced, the wood-based sensor shows a colorimetric transition from light yellow to brown for naked-eye readout because of the generation of Meisenheimer complex between APTES and TNT. The photographs are collected by smartphone camera, and the RGB components are extracted to calculate the adjusted intensity for qualitative detection of TNT. This visual colorimetric sensor for TNT solution displays a linearity in the range of 0.01-5 mM with a limit of detection of 3 μM. In addition, by taking advantage of its inherent mesostructure, the wood-based sensor can be employed for visual detection of TNT vapor as well. Furthermore, it is also able to directly detect TNT in wet soil samples based on capillary action, in which TNT carried by water transports upward along the wood microchannel, triggering the generation of Meisenheimer complex. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yanhua Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Materials Characterization & Preparation Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Jiayan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Xiufang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
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27
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Malval JP, Cranney M, Achelle S, Akdas-Kiliç H, Fillaut JL, Cabon N, Guen FRL, Soppera O, Molard Y. Porosity-driven large amplitude dynamics for nitroaromatic sensing with fluorescent films of alternating D-π-A molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14331-14334. [PMID: 31720604 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07227f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the structural properties and nitroaromatic sensing performances of fluorescent thin films formed by alternating donor-acceptor π-conjugated chromophores. The incorporation of a flexible one-dimensional alkyl chain in the chromophore backbone drastically accelerates by more than one order of magnitude the sensing dynamics for the detection of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, 15 rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse, France.
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28
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Vamvounis G, Fuhrer M, Keller K, Willig L, Koizumi A, Hu HM, Gao M, Bell TD. The effect of the phenylene linkage in poly(fluorene-alt-phenylene)s on the thermodynamics and kinetics of nitroaromatic and nitroaliphatic sensing. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Wang J, Li H, Cai Y, Wang D, Bian L, Dong F, Yu H, He Y. Direct Blue Light-Induced Autocatalytic Oxidation of o-Phenylenediamine for Highly Sensitive Visual Detection of Triaminotrinitrobenzene. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6155-6161. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Materials Characterization and Preparation Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Cai
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Environmental Materials and Remediation Technology, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan 402160, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dunju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Kim D, Hahm D, Kwon S, Lim J, Char K. Controlled Phase Separation in Poly( p-phenyleneethynylene) Thin Films and Its Relationship to Vapor-Sensing Properties. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4011-4019. [PMID: 30779580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report the synthesis and mesoporous film formation of hydrophobic rodlike poly( p-phenyleneethynylene)s (PPEs) and present porosity-dependent quenching studies using 1,3,5-trinitrotoluene (TNT) vapors. Nonsolvent vapor-induced phase separation was used to induce pore formation during film casting, and the concentration of PPEs in the casting solution was controlled carefully to prevent excimer formation. We found that the structures of the sidechains of the PPEs strongly influence the range of relative humidity at which controlled pore generation occurs, which could be rationalized from interfacial energies calculated from contact angle measurements. Porosity of the PPE films resulted in increased efficiency of fluorescence quenching toward TNT vapors, which previously required very thin films (below 5 nm) for sensing applications. The control of the porous structure as well as film thickness constitutes a promising strategy for enhancing the efficiency of chemosensors and in more general applications requiring fine-tuned polymer-gas interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Donghyo Hahm
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Soonhyoung Kwon
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Jeewoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry , Kyung Hee University , 26 Kyungheedae-ro , Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447 , Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- The National Creative Research Initiative Center for Intelligent Hybrids, School of Chemical & Biological Engineering , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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31
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Hu J, Wang C, Liu R, Su Y, Lv Y. Poly(thymine)-CuNPs: Bimodal Methodology for Accurate and Selective Detection of TNT at Sub-PPT Levels. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14469-14474. [PMID: 30458612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, sensitive, and selective detection of explosives is of vital importance in antiterrorism and homeland security. Fluorescence sensors are prevalent for sensitive and fast in-field explosive detection but are sometimes compromised by accuracy and stability due to the similar structures of explosives, photobleaching, and complex sample matrixes. Herein, we developed a first bimodal methodology capable of both sensitive in-field fluorescence detection and accurate laboratory mass spectrometric quantification of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by utilizing the characteristic fluorescent and mass spectrometric response of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). An excellent selectivity was also realized by involving aptamer recognition. The methodology is capable of detecting TNT at subpart per trillion (PPT) levels, with a detection limit of 0.32 pg mL-1 by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) and 0.17 ng mL-1 by fluorimetry. The signal response was accurate and stable for at least 60 days by ICPMS. Thanks to the biospecificity of the aptamer, this bimodal methodology is potentially applicable to a large panel of explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Hu
- College of Architecture & Environment , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yingying Su
- Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China.,Analytical & Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
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32
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Xie Z, Ge H, Du J, Duan T, Yang G, He Y. Compartmentalizing Incompatible Tandem Reactions in Pickering Emulsions To Enable Visual Colorimetric Detection of Nitramine Explosives Using a Smartphone. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11665-11670. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, School of National Defense Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Huilin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, School of National Defense Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Jiayan Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Tao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, School of National Defense Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Sichuan Co-Innovation Center for New Energetic Materials, School of National Defense Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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33
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Abstract
Ambient mass spectrometry has evolved rapidly over the past decade, yielding a plethora of platforms and demonstrating scientific advancements across a range of fields from biological imaging to rapid quality control. These techniques have enabled real-time detection of target analytes in an open environment with no sample preparation and can be coupled to any mass analyzer with an atmospheric pressure interface; capabilities of clear interest to the defense, customs and border control, transportation security, and forensic science communities. This review aims to showcase and critically discuss advances in ambient mass spectrometry for the trace detection of explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P Forbes
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Materials Measurement Science Division, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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34
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Liu K, Shang C, Wang Z, Qi Y, Miao R, Liu K, Liu T, Fang Y. Non-contact identification and differentiation of illicit drugs using fluorescent films. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1695. [PMID: 29703929 PMCID: PMC5923207 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid identification of illicit drugs in a non-contact mode remains a challenge for years. Here we report three film-based fluorescent sensors showing unprecedented sensitivity, selectivity, and response speed to the existence of six widely abused illicit drugs, including methamphetamine (MAPA), ecstasy, magu, caffeine, phenobarbital (PB), and ketamine in vapor phase. Importantly, for these drugs, the sensing can be successfully performed after 5.0 × 105, 4.0 × 105, 2.0 × 105, 1.0 × 105, 4.0 × 104, and 2.0 × 102 times dilution of their saturated vapor with air at room temperature, respectively. Also, presence of odorous substances (toiletries, fruits, dirty clothes, etc.), water, and amido-bond-containing organic compounds (typical organic amines, legal drugs, and different amino acids) shows little effect upon the sensing. More importantly, discrimination and identification of them can be realized by using the sensors in an array way. Based upon the discoveries, a conceptual, two-sensor based detector is developed, and non-contact detection of the drugs is realized. Sensitive and rapid identification of illicit drugs in a non-contact mode remains a challenge. Here, the authors report three film-based fluorescent sensors showing remarkable sensitivity, selectivity and response speed to six widely abused illicit drugs in vapor phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Congdi Shang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Lakshmidevi V, Yelamaggad CV, Venkataraman A. Studies on Fluorescence Quenching of DBSA-PANI-Employing Nitroaromatics. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Venkatappa Lakshmidevi
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Materials Science; Gulbarga University; Kalaburagi-585 106
| | | | - Abbaraju Venkataraman
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory; Department of Materials Science; Gulbarga University; Kalaburagi-585 106
- Department of Chemistry; Gulbarga University; Kalaburagi-585 106
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36
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Shaw PE, Burn PL. Real-time fluorescence quenching-based detection of nitro-containing explosive vapours: what are the key processes? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:29714-29730. [PMID: 28850131 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04602b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection of explosives continues to be a pressing global challenge with many potential technologies being pursued by the scientific research community. Luminescence-based detection of explosive vapours with an organic semiconductor has attracted much interest because of its potential for detectors that have high sensitivity, compact form factor, simple operation and low-cost. Despite the abundance of literature on novel sensor materials systems there are relatively few mechanistic studies targeted towards vapour-based sensing. In this Perspective, we will review the progress that has been made in understanding the processes that control the real-time luminescence quenching of thin films by analyte vapours. These are the non-radiative quenching process by which the sensor exciton decays, the analyte-sensor intermolecular binding interaction, and the diffusion process for the analyte vapours in the film. We comment on the contributions of each of these processes towards the sensing response and, in particular, the relative roles of analyte diffusion and exciton diffusion. While the latter has been historically judged to be one of, if not the primary, causes for the high sensitivity of many conjugated polymers to nitrated vapours, recent evidence suggests that long exciton diffusion lengths are unnecessary. The implications of these results on the development of sensor materials for real-time detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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37
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Kumar S, Kishan R, Kumar P, Pachisia S, Gupta R. Size-Selective Detection of Picric Acid by Fluorescent Palladium Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1693-1697. [PMID: 29393637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the synthesis and characterization of two palladium-based fluorescent macrocycles offering hydrogen-bonding cavities of contrasting dimensions. Both palladium macrocycles function as chemosensors for the detection of nitroaromatics, whereas the larger macrocycle not only illustrates nanomolar detection of picric acid but also transports its significant amount from an aqueous to an organic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Ram Kishan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Sanya Pachisia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110 007, India
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi 110 007, India
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38
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Wright IA, Al-Attar HA, Batsanov AS, Monkman AP, Bryce MR. Conformationally-restricted bicarbazoles with phenylene bridges displaying deep-blue emission and high triplet energies: systematic structure–property relationships. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:11867-11875. [PMID: 29662993 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01636d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twelve bicarbazole derivatives with emission ranging from blue-green to deep-blue, and ET 2.6–3.0 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University
- Durham
- UK
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University
- Loughborough
| | - Hameed A. Al-Attar
- Department of Physics, Durham University
- Durham
- UK
- Department of Physics, Basrah University
- Basrah
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39
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Nakajima S, Albrecht K, Kushida S, Nishibori E, Kitao T, Uemura T, Yamamoto K, Bunz UHF, Yamamoto Y. A fluorescent microporous crystalline dendrimer discriminates vapour molecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2534-2537. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09342j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The surprising crystalline self-assembly of a conjugated dendrimer with exciting optical and sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Nakajima
- Division of Materials Science
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Ken Albrecht
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
- ERATO Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project
| | - Soh Kushida
- Division of Materials Science
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Eiji Nishibori
- Division of Physics
- Faculty of Pure and Applied sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
| | - Takashi Kitao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama 226-8503
- Japan
- ERATO Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- Heidelberg 69120
- Germany
| | - Yohei Yamamoto
- Division of Materials Science
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences
- University of Tsukuba
- Tsukuba
- Japan
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40
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Molloy JK, Bergamini G, Baroncini M, Hahn U, Ceroni P. Dendronised diazapyrenium derivatives: host–guest complexes in aqueous solution. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Water soluble dendrimers, containing a diazapyrenium core, bind CB[7] with a higher association constant than CB[8].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Molloy
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Giacomo Bergamini
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Uwe Hahn
- Ecole Européenne de Chimie
- Polymères et Matériaux
- Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042)
- 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2
- France
| | - Paola Ceroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘‘Giacomo Ciamician’’
- Universita′di Bologna
- 40126 Bologna
- Italy
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41
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Multichannel Discriminative Detection of Explosive Vapors with an Array of Nanofibrous Membranes Loaded with Quantum Dots. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17112676. [PMID: 29156627 PMCID: PMC5713073 DOI: 10.3390/s17112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The multichannel fluorescent sensor array based on nanofibrous membranes loaded with ZnS quantum dots (QDs) was created and demonstrated for the discriminative detection of explosives. The synergistic effect of the high surface-to-volume ratio of QDs, the good permeability of nanofibrous membranes and the differential response introduced by surface ligands was played by constructing the sensing array using nanofibrous membranes loaded with ZnS QDs featuring several surface ligands. Interestingly, although the fluorescence quenching of the nanofibrous membranes is not linearly related to the exposure time, the fingerprint of each explosive at different times is very similar in shape, and the fingerprints of the three explosives show different shapes. Three saturated vapors of nitroaromatic explosives could be reliably detected and discriminated by the array at room temperature. This work is the first step toward devising a monitoring system for explosives in the field of public security and defense. It could, for example, be coupled with the technology of image recognition and large data analysis for a rapid diagnostic test of explosives. This work further highlights the power of differential, multichannel arrays for the rapid and discriminative detection of a wide range of chemicals.
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42
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Bolse N, Eckstein R, Habermehl A, Hernandez-Sosa G, Eschenbaum C, Lemmer U. Reliability of Aerosol Jet Printed Fluorescence Quenching Sensor Arrays for the Identification and Quantification of Explosive Vapors. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:6500-6505. [PMID: 31457251 PMCID: PMC6645289 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary challenges in explosive detection using fluorescence quenching is the identification and quantification of detected targets. In this work, we explore the reliability of aerosol jet printed sensor arrays for the discrimination of nitroaromatic traces using linear discriminant analysis (LDA). We varied the amount of the deposited material by controlling the printer's shutter to investigate the impact on the detection reliability. For a twofold variation of the amount of the deposited material, we report excellent classification rates between 81 and 96% for the discrimination of nitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene at 1, 3, and 10 parts per billion in air, respectively. Our results close to the detection limits indicate a remarkable identification and quantification of explosive trace vapors because of high control of the printing process. This work demonstrates the high potential of digitally printed fluorescence quenching sensor arrays and the excellent capabilities of LDA as a simple supervised statistical learning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Bolse
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- E-mail: (N.B.)
| | - Ralph Eckstein
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab
GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anne Habermehl
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab
GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eschenbaum
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab
GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- InnovationLab
GmbH, Speyerer Str. 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute
of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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43
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Thompson JV, Hokr BH, Kim W, Ballmann CW, Applegate BE, Jo J, Yamilov A, Cao H, Scully MO, Yakovlev VV. Enhanced coupling of light into a turbid medium through microscopic interface engineering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:7941-7946. [PMID: 28701381 PMCID: PMC5544321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1705612114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many optical detection and sensing methods used today that provide powerful ways to diagnose, characterize, and study materials. For example, the measurement of spontaneous Raman scattering allows for remote detection and identification of chemicals. Many other optical techniques provide unique solutions to learn about biological, chemical, and even structural systems. However, when these systems exist in a highly scattering or turbid medium, the optical scattering effects reduce the effectiveness of these methods. In this article, we demonstrate a method to engineer the geometry of the optical interface of a turbid medium, thereby drastically enhancing the coupling efficiency of light into the material. This enhanced optical coupling means that light incident on the material will penetrate deeper into (and through) the medium. It also means that light thus injected into the material will have an enhanced interaction time with particles contained within the material. These results show that, by using the multiple scattering of light in a turbid medium, enhanced light-matter interaction can be achieved; this has a direct impact on spectroscopic methods such as Raman scattering and fluorescence detection in highly scattering regimes. Furthermore, the enhanced penetration depth achieved by this method will directly impact optical techniques that have previously been limited by the inability to deposit sufficient amounts of optical energy below or through highly scattering layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan V Thompson
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Brett H Hokr
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Wihan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Charles W Ballmann
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Brian E Applegate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Javier Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Alexey Yamilov
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, MO 65409
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Marlan O Scully
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843;
- Department of Physics, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798
| | - Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Tang N, Mu L, Qu H, Wang Y, Duan X, Reed MA. Smartphone-Enabled Colorimetric Trinitrotoluene Detection Using Amine-Trapped Polydimethylsiloxane Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:14445-14452. [PMID: 28383246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A smartphone-enabled platform for easy and portably colorimetric analysis of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) using amine-trapped PDMS is designed and implemented. The amine-trapped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is simply prepared by immersing the cured PDMS in aminosilane solutions forming an amine-containing polymer. After contacting with TNT-containing solutions, the colorless PDMS showed a rapid colorimetric change which can be easily identified by the naked eye. The amine-trapped PDMS was carefully optimized to achieve visible detection of TNT at concentrations as low as 1 μM. Using an integrated camera in the smartphone, pictures of colored PDMS membranes can be analyzed by a home-developed mobile application. Thus, the TNT amount can be precisely quantified. Direct TNT detection in real samples (e.g., drinking, tap, and lake waters) is demonstrated as well. The smartphone-enabled colorimetric method using amine-trapped PDMS membranes realizes a convenient and efficient approach toward a portable system for field TNT detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Luye Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hemi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072, China
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Chen N, Ding P, Shi Y, Jin T, Su Y, Wang H, He Y. Portable and Reliable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Silicon Chip for Signal-On Detection of Trace Trinitrotoluene Explosive in Real Systems. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5072-5078. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Pan Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Tengyu Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Houyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yao He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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46
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Enhanced aerodynamic reach of vapor and aerosol sampling for real-time mass spectrometric detection using Venturi-assisted entrainment and ionization. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 957:20-28. [PMID: 28107830 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Venturi-assisted ENTrainment and Ionization (VENTI) was developed, demonstrating efficient entrainment, collection, and transport of remotely sampled vapors, aerosols, and dust particulate for real-time mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Integrating the Venturi and Coandă effects at multiple locations generated flow and analyte transport from non-proximate locations and more importantly enhanced the aerodynamic reach at the point of collection. Transport through remote sampling probes up to 2.5 m in length was achieved with residence times on the order of 10-2 s to 10-1 s and Reynolds numbers on the order of 103 to 104. The Venturi-assisted entrainment successfully enhanced vapor collection and detection by greater than an order of magnitude at 20 cm stand-off (limit of simple suction). This enhancement is imperative, as simple suction restricts sampling to the immediate vicinity, requiring close proximity to the vapor source. In addition, the overall aerodynamic reach distance was increased by approximately 3-fold over simple suction under the investigated conditions. Enhanced aerodynamic reach was corroborated and observed with laser-light sheet flow visualization and schlieren imaging. Coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), the detection of a range of volatile chemical vapors; explosive vapors; explosive, narcotic, and mustard gas surrogate (methyl salicylate) aerosols; and explosive dust particulate was demonstrated. Continuous real-time Venturi-assisted monitoring of a large room (approximately 90 m2 area, 570 m3 volume) was demonstrated for a 60-min period without the remote sampling probe, exhibiting detection of chemical vapors and methyl salicylate at approximately 3 m stand-off distances within 2 min of exposure.
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47
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Witlicki EH, Bähring S, Johnsen C, Solano MV, Nielsen KA, Silverstein DW, Marlatt CW, Jensen L, Jeppesen JO, Flood AH. Enhanced detection of explosives by turn-on resonance Raman upon host–guest complexation in solution and the solid state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:10918-10921. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06517e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Being colour coordinated allows turn on detection of nitroaromatics by combining molecular recognition with resonant enhancement of the Raman spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward H. Witlicki
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- 800 East Kirkwood Avenue
- Bloomington
- Indiana 47405
| | - Steffen Bähring
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Carsten Johnsen
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Marta V. Solano
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Kent A. Nielsen
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense M
- Denmark
| | | | - Craig W. Marlatt
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- 800 East Kirkwood Avenue
- Bloomington
- Indiana 47405
| | - Lasse Jensen
- Department of Chemistry
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| | - Jan O. Jeppesen
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Amar H. Flood
- Department of Chemistry
- Indiana University
- 800 East Kirkwood Avenue
- Bloomington
- Indiana 47405
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48
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Khasanov AF, Kopchuk DS, Kovalev IS, Taniya OS, Giri K, Slepukhin PA, Santra S, Rahman M, Majee A, Charushin VN, Chupakhin ON. Extended cavity pyrene-based iptycenes for the turn-off fluorescence detection of RDX and common nitroaromatic explosives. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02956f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Extended cavity pyrene-based iptycenes were synthesized for the turn-off fluorescence detection of RDX and common nitro-aromatic explosives.
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49
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Staymates ME, MacCrehan WA, Staymates JL, Kunz RR, Mendum T, Ong TH, Geurtsen G, Gillen GJ, Craven BA. Biomimetic Sniffing Improves the Detection Performance of a 3D Printed Nose of a Dog and a Commercial Trace Vapor Detector. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36876. [PMID: 27906156 PMCID: PMC5131614 DOI: 10.1038/srep36876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike current chemical trace detection technology, dogs actively sniff to acquire an odor sample. Flow visualization experiments with an anatomically-similar 3D printed dog's nose revealed the external aerodynamics during canine sniffing, where ventral-laterally expired air jets entrain odorant-laden air toward the nose, thereby extending the "aerodynamic reach" for inspiration of otherwise inaccessible odors. Chemical sampling and detection experiments quantified two modes of operation with the artificial nose-active sniffing and continuous inspiration-and demonstrated an increase in odorant detection by a factor of up to 18 for active sniffing. A 16-fold improvement in detection was demonstrated with a commercially-available explosives detector by applying this bio-inspired design principle and making the device "sniff" like a dog. These lessons learned from the dog may benefit the next-generation of vapor samplers for explosives, narcotics, pathogens, or even cancer, and could inform future bio-inspired designs for optimized sampling of odor plumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Staymates
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - William A. MacCrehan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jessica L. Staymates
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Roderick R. Kunz
- Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Thomas Mendum
- Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ta-Hsuan Ong
- Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Geoffrey Geurtsen
- Chemical, Microsystem, and Nanoscale Technologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Greg J. Gillen
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Brent A. Craven
- Division of Applied Mechanics, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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50
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Parmar B, Rachuri Y, Bisht KK, Suresh E. Syntheses and Structural Analyses of New 3D Isostructural Zn(II) and Cd(II) Luminescent MOFs and their Application Towards Detection of Nitroaromatics in Aqueous Media. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Parmar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar- 364 002 Gujarat, India
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar- 364 002 India
| | - Yadagiri Rachuri
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar- 364 002 Gujarat, India
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar- 364 002 India
| | - Kamal Kumar Bisht
- Department of Chemistry; RCU Government Post Graduate College; Uttarkashi- 249193 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Eringathodi Suresh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar- 364 002 Gujarat, India
- Analytical Division and Centralized Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute; G. B. Marg Bhavnagar- 364 002 India
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